1
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Mann KE, Panfilio KA. Tissue-Level Integration Overrides Gradations of Differentiating Cell Identity in Beetle Extraembryonic Tissue. Cells 2024; 13:1211. [PMID: 39056793 PMCID: PMC11274815 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During animal embryogenesis, one of the earliest specification events distinguishes extraembryonic (EE) from embryonic tissue fates: the serosa in the case of the insects. While it is well established that the homeodomain transcription factor Zen1 is the critical determinant of the serosa, the subsequent realization of this tissue's identity has not been investigated. Here, we examine serosal differentiation in the beetle Tribolium castaneum based on the quantification of morphological and morphogenetic features, comparing embryos from a Tc-zen1 RNAi dilution series, where complete knockdown results in amnion-only EE tissue identity. We assess features including cell density, tissue boundary morphology, and nuclear size as dynamic readouts for progressive tissue maturation. While some features exhibit an all-or-nothing outcome, other key features show dose-dependent phenotypic responses with trait-specific thresholds. Collectively, these findings provide nuance beyond the known status of Tc-Zen1 as a selector gene for serosal tissue patterning. Overall, our approach illustrates how the analysis of tissue maturation dynamics from live imaging extends but also challenges interpretations based on gene expression data, refining our understanding of tissue identity and when it is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Mann
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kristen A. Panfilio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Morales-Camilo N, Liu J, Ramírez MJ, Canales-Salgado P, Alegría JJ, Liu X, Ong HT, Barrera NP, Fierro A, Toyama Y, Goult BT, Wang Y, Meng Y, Nishimura R, Fong-Ngern K, Low CSL, Kanchanawong P, Yan J, Ravasio A, Bertocchi C. Alternative molecular mechanisms for force transmission at adherens junctions via β-catenin-vinculin interaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5608. [PMID: 38969637 PMCID: PMC11226457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Force transmission through adherens junctions (AJs) is crucial for multicellular organization, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Recent studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction at the AJs. However, the canonical model fails to explain force transmission when essential proteins of the mechanotransduction module are mutated or missing. Here, we demonstrate that, in absence of α-catenin, β-catenin can directly and functionally interact with vinculin in its open conformation, bearing physiological forces. Furthermore, we found that β-catenin can prevent vinculin autoinhibition in the presence of α-catenin by occupying vinculin´s head-tail interaction site, thus preserving force transmission capability. Taken together, our findings suggest a multi-step force transmission process at AJs, where α-catenin and β-catenin can alternatively and cooperatively interact with vinculin. This can explain the graded responses needed to maintain tissue mechanical homeostasis and, importantly, unveils a force-bearing mechanism involving β-catenin and extended vinculin that can potentially explain the underlying process enabling collective invasion of metastatic cells lacking α-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Morales-Camilo
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jingzhun Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manuel J Ramírez
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Canales-Salgado
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan José Alegría
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Foundational Research on Data (IMFD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Xuyao Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nelson P Barrera
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Yilin Wang
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Meng
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryosuke Nishimura
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kedsarin Fong-Ngern
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Siok Lan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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3
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Lin Y, Exell J, Lin H, Zhang C, Welsher KD. Hour-Long, Kilohertz Sampling Rate Three-Dimensional Single-Virus Tracking in Live Cells Enabled by StayGold Fluorescent Protein Fusions. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5590-5600. [PMID: 38808440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A viral infection process covers a large range of spatiotemporal scales. Tracking the viral infection process with fluorescent labels over long durations while maintaining a fast sampling rate requires bright and highly photostable labels. StayGold is a recently identified green fluorescent protein that has a greater photostability and higher signal intensity under identical illumination conditions compared to existing fluorescence protein variants. Here, StayGold protein fusions were used to generate virus-like particles (StayGold-VLPs) to achieve hour-long 3D single-virus tracking (SVT) with 1000 localizations per second (kHz sampling rate) in live cells. The expanded photon budget from StayGold protein fusions prolonged the tracking duration, facilitating a comprehensive study of viral trafficking dynamics with high temporal resolution over long time scales. The development of StayGold-VLPs presents a simple and general VLP labeling strategy for better performance in SVT, enabling exponentially more information to be collected from single trajectories and allowing for the future possibility of observing the entire life cycle of a single virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jack Exell
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Haoting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kevin D Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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4
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Tyson C, Gaire S, Pegg I, Sarkar A. Video-microscopy-based automated trajectory determination. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2024; 4:100148. [PMID: 38505834 PMCID: PMC10945143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a method for tracking densely clustered, high-velocity, indistinguishable objects being spawned at a high rate and moving in a directed force field using only object centroids as inputs and no other image information. The algorithm places minimal restrictions on the velocities or accelerations of the objects being tracked and uses a methodology based on a scoring function and a backtracking refinement process. This combination leads to successful tracking of hundreds of particles in challenging environments even when the displacement of the individual objects at successive times approaches the separation between neighboring objects in any one frame. We note that these cases can be particularly difficult to handle by existing methods. The performance of the algorithm is methodically examined by comparison to simulated trajectories, which vary the temporal and spatial densities, velocities, and accelerations of the objects in motion, as well as the signal/noise ratio. Also, we demonstrate its capability by analyzing data from experiments with superparamagnetic microspheres moving in an inhomogeneous magnetic field in aqueous buffer at room temperature. Our method should be widely applicable since trajectory determination problems are ubiquitous in video microscopy applications in biology, materials science, physics, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tyson
- Vitreous State Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Santosh Gaire
- Vitreous State Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ian Pegg
- Vitreous State Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Vitreous State Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
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5
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Morris JL, Letson HL, McEwen PC, Dobson GP. Adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium therapy augments joint tissue healing following experimental anterior cruciate ligament rupture and reconstruction. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:279-293. [PMID: 38843878 PMCID: PMC11156504 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.136.bjr-2023-0360.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ (ALM) therapy exerts differential immuno-inflammatory responses in males and females early after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Our aim was to investigate sex-specific effects of ALM therapy on joint tissue repair and recovery 28 days after surgery. Methods Male (n = 21) and female (n = 21) adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ALM or Saline control treatment groups. Three days after ACL rupture, animals underwent ACLR. An ALM or saline intravenous infusion was commenced prior to skin incision, and continued for one hour. An intra-articular bolus of ALM or saline was also administered prior to skin closure. Animals were monitored to 28 days, and joint function, pain, inflammatory markers, histopathology, and tissue repair markers were assessed. Results Despite comparable knee function, ALM-treated males had reduced systemic inflammation, synovial fluid angiogenic and pro-inflammatory mediators, synovitis, and fat pad fibrotic changes, compared to controls. Within the ACL graft, ALM-treated males had increased expression of tissue repair markers, decreased inflammation, increased collagen organization, and improved graft-bone healing. In contrast to males, females had no evidence of persistent systemic inflammation. Compared to controls, ALM-treated females had improved knee extension, gait biomechanics, and elevated synovial macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α). Within the ACL graft, ALM-treated females had decreased inflammation, increased collagen organization, and improved graft-bone healing. In articular cartilage of ALM-treated animals, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression was blunted in males, while in females repair markers were increased. Conclusion At 28 days, ALM therapy reduces inflammation, augments tissue repair patterns, and improves joint function in a sex-specific manner. The study supports transition to human safety trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L. Morris
- Heart and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Hayley L. Letson
- Heart and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Peter C. McEwen
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Queensland, Townsville, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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6
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Martins-Costa C, Wiegers A, Pham VA, Sidhaye J, Doleschall B, Novatchkova M, Lendl T, Piber M, Peer A, Möseneder P, Stuempflen M, Chow SYA, Seidl R, Prayer D, Höftberger R, Kasprian G, Ikeuchi Y, Corsini NS, Knoblich JA. ARID1B controls transcriptional programs of axon projection in an organoid model of the human corpus callosum. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:866-885.e14. [PMID: 38718796 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in ARID1B, a member of the mSWI/SNF complex, cause severe neurodevelopmental phenotypes with elusive mechanisms in humans. The most common structural abnormality in the brain of ARID1B patients is agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), characterized by the absence of an interhemispheric white matter tract that connects distant cortical regions. Here, we find that neurons expressing SATB2, a determinant of callosal projection neuron (CPN) identity, show impaired maturation in ARID1B+/- neural organoids. Molecularly, a reduction in chromatin accessibility of genomic regions targeted by TCF-like, NFI-like, and ARID-like transcription factors drives the differential expression of genes required for corpus callosum (CC) development. Through an in vitro model of the CC tract, we demonstrate that this transcriptional dysregulation impairs the formation of long-range axonal projections, causing structural underconnectivity. Our study uncovers new functions of the mSWI/SNF during human corticogenesis, identifying cell-autonomous axonogenesis defects in SATB2+ neurons as a cause of ACC in ARID1B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Martins-Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wiegers
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent A Pham
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaydeep Sidhaye
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balint Doleschall
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lendl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marielle Piber
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Möseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stuempflen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Toscano E, Cimmino E, Pennacchio FA, Riccio P, Poli A, Liu YJ, Maiuri P, Sepe L, Paolella G. Methods and computational tools to study eukaryotic cell migration in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1385991. [PMID: 38887515 PMCID: PMC11180820 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1385991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular movement is essential for many vital biological functions where it plays a pivotal role both at the single cell level, such as during division or differentiation, and at the macroscopic level within tissues, where coordinated migration is crucial for proper morphogenesis. It also has an impact on various pathological processes, one for all, cancer spreading. Cell migration is a complex phenomenon and diverse experimental methods have been developed aimed at dissecting and analysing its distinct facets independently. In parallel, corresponding analytical procedures and tools have been devised to gain deep insight and interpret experimental results. Here we review established experimental techniques designed to investigate specific aspects of cell migration and present a broad collection of historical as well as cutting-edge computational tools used in quantitative analysis of cell motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Toscano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cimmino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio A. Pennacchio
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Riccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Leandra Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
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8
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Yoon SB, Chen L, Robinson IE, Khatib TO, Arthur RA, Claussen H, Zohbi NM, Wu H, Mouw JK, Marcus AI. Subpopulation commensalism promotes Rac1-dependent invasion of single cells via laminin-332. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308080. [PMID: 38551497 PMCID: PMC10982113 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity poses a significant hurdle for cancer treatment but is under-characterized in the context of tumor invasion. Amidst the range of phenotypic heterogeneity across solid tumor types, collectively invading cells and single cells have been extensively characterized as independent modes of invasion, but their intercellular interactions have rarely been explored. Here, we isolated collectively invading cells and single cells from the heterogeneous 4T1 cell line and observed extensive transcriptional and epigenetic diversity across these subpopulations. By integrating these datasets, we identified laminin-332 as a protein complex exclusively secreted by collectively invading cells. Live-cell imaging revealed that laminin-332 derived from collectively invading cells increased the velocity and directionality of single cells. Despite collectively invading and single cells having similar expression of the integrin α6β4 dimer, single cells demonstrated higher Rac1 activation upon laminin-332 binding to integrin α6β4. This mechanism suggests a novel commensal relationship between collectively invading and single cells, wherein collectively invading cells promote the invasive potential of single cells through a laminin-332/Rac1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bo Yoon
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luxiao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isaac E. Robinson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tala O. Khatib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A. Arthur
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry Claussen
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Najdat M. Zohbi
- Graduate Medical Education, Piedmont Macon Medical, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Janna K. Mouw
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam I. Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Lin Y, Exell J, Lin H, Zhang C, Welsher KD. Hour-long, Kilohertz Sampling Rate 3D Single-virus Tracking in Live Cells Enabled by StayGold Fluorescent Protein Fusions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585070. [PMID: 38559049 PMCID: PMC10979972 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The viral infection process covers a large range of spatiotemporal scales. Tracking the viral infection process with fluorescent labels over long durations while maintaining a fast sampling rate requires bright and highly photostable labels. StayGold is a recently identified green fluorescent protein that has a greater photostability and higher signal intensity under identical illumination conditions as compared to existing fluorescence protein variants. Here, StayGold protein fusions were used to generate virus-like particles (StayGold-VLPs) to achieve hour-long 3D single-virus tracking (SVT) with one thousand localizations per second (kHz sampling rate) in live cells. The expanded photon budget from StayGold protein fusions prolonged the tracking duration, facilitating a comprehensive study of viral trafficking dynamics with high temporal resolution over long timescales. The development of StayGold-VLPs presents a simple and general VLP labeling strategy for better performance in SVT, enabling exponentially more information to be collected from single trajectories and allowing for the future possibility of observing the whole life cycle of a single virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jack Exell
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Haoting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kevin D. Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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10
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10241. [PMID: 38702365 PMCID: PMC11068741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature surface, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. It was previously documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 81 Columbia Turnpike, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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11
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Matsumura F, Murayama T, Kuriyama R, Matsumura A, Yamashiro S. Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit1 controls localization and motility of Rab7-containing vesicles: Is myosin phosphatase a cytoplasmic dynein regulator? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38700016 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit1 (MYPT1) is a critical subunit of myosin phosphatase (MP), which brings PP1Cδ phosphatase and its substrate together. We previously showed that MYPT1 depletion resulted in oblique chromatid segregation. Therefore, we hypothesized that MYPT1 may control microtubule-dependent motor activity. Dynein, a minus-end microtubule motor, is known to be involved in mitotic spindle assembly. We thus examined whether MYPT1 and dynein may interact. Proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that MYPT1 and dynein intermediate chain (DIC) were associated. We found that DIC phosphorylation is increased in MYPT1-depleted cells in vivo, and that MP was able to dephosphorylate DIC in vitro. MYPT1 depletion also altered the localization and motility of Rab7-containing vesicles. MYPT1-depletion dispersed the perinuclear Rab7 localization to the peripheral in interphase cells. The dispersed Rab7 localization was rescued by microinjection of a constitutively active, truncated MYPT1 mutant, supporting that MP is responsible for the altered Rab7 localization. Analyses of Rab7 vesicle trafficking also revealed that minus-end transport was reduced in MYPT1-depleted cells. These results suggest an unexpected role of MP: MP controls dynein activity in both mitotic and interphase cells, possibly by dephosphorylating dynein subunits including DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kuriyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aya Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Quinn JM, Wang Y, Wood M, Flozak AS, Le PM, Yemelyanov A, Oakes PW, Gottardi CJ. α-catenin middle- and actin-binding domain unfolding mutants differentially impact epithelial strength and sheet migration. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar65. [PMID: 38507238 PMCID: PMC11151094 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
α-catenin (α-cat) displays force-dependent unfolding and binding to actin filaments through direct and indirect means, but features of adherens junction structure and function most vulnerable to loss of these allosteric mechanisms have not been directly compared. By reconstituting an α-cat F-actin-binding domain unfolding mutant known to exhibit enhanced binding to actin (α-cat-H0-FABD+) into α-cat knockout Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, we show that partial loss of the α-cat catch bond mechanism (via an altered H0 α-helix) leads to stronger epithelial sheet integrity with greater colocalization between the α-cat-H0-FABD+ mutant and actin. α-cat-H0-FABD+ -expressing cells are less efficient at closing scratch-wounds, suggesting reduced capacity for more dynamic cell-cell coordination. Evidence that α-cat-H0-FABD+ is equally accessible to the conformationally sensitive α18 antibody epitope as WT α-cat and shows similar vinculin recruitment suggests this mutant engages lower tension cortical actin networks, as its M-domain is not persistently open. Conversely, α-cat-M-domain salt-bridge mutants with persistent recruitment of vinculin and phosphorylated myosin light chain show only intermediate monolayer adhesive strengths, but display less directionally coordinated and thereby slower migration speeds during wound-repair. These data show α-cat M- and FABD-unfolding mutants differentially impact cell-cell cohesion and migration properties, and suggest signals favoring α-cat-cortical actin interaction without persistent M-domain opening may improve epithelial monolayer strength through enhanced coupling to lower tension actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Quinn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yuou Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Megan Wood
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Phuong M. Le
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Patrick W. Oakes
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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13
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Zhao Y, Chen KL, Shen XY, Li MK, Wan YJ, Yang C, Yu RJ, Long YT, Yan F, Ying YL. HFM-Tracker: a cell tracking algorithm based on hybrid feature matching. Analyst 2024; 149:2629-2636. [PMID: 38563459 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is known to be a fundamental biological process, playing an essential role in development, homeostasis, and diseases. This paper introduces a cell tracking algorithm named HFM-Tracker (Hybrid Feature Matching Tracker) that automatically identifies cell migration behaviours in consecutive images. It combines Contour Attention (CA) and Adaptive Confusion Matrix (ACM) modules to accurately capture cell contours in each image and track the dynamic behaviors of migrating cells in the field of view. Cells are firstly located and identified via the CA module-based cell detection network, and then associated and tracked via a cell tracking algorithm employing a hybrid feature-matching strategy. This proposed HFM-Tracker exhibits superiorities in cell detection and tracking, achieving 75% in MOTA (Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy) and 65% in IDF1 (ID F1 score). It provides quantitative analysis of the cell morphology and migration features, which could further help in understanding the complicated and diverse cell migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Ke-Le Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center (MSIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yu Shen
- School of Electronic Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming-Kang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center (MSIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Jing Wan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Electronic Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ru-Jia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center (MSIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center (MSIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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14
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Taylor SJ, Hollis RL, Gourley C, Herrington CS, Langdon SP, Arends MJ. RFWD3 modulates response to platinum chemotherapy and promotes cancer associated phenotypes in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1389472. [PMID: 38711848 PMCID: PMC11071161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1389472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background DNA damage repair is frequently dysregulated in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which can lead to changes in chemosensitivity and other phenotypic differences in tumours. RFWD3, a key component of multiple DNA repair and maintenance pathways, was investigated to characterise its impact in HGSOC. Methods RFWD3 expression and association with clinical features was assessed using in silico analysis in the TCGA HGSOC dataset, and in a further cohort of HGSOC tumours stained for RFWD3 using immunohistochemistry. RFWD3 expression was modulated in cell lines using siRNA and CRISPR/cas9 gene editing, and cells were characterised using cytotoxicity and proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and live cell microscopy. Results Expression of RFWD3 RNA and protein varied in HGSOCs. In cell lines, reduction of RFWD3 expression led to increased sensitivity to interstrand crosslinking (ICL) inducing agents mitomycin C and carboplatin. RFWD3 also demonstrated further functionality outside its role in DNA damage repair, with RFWD3 deficient cells displaying cell cycle dysregulation, reduced cellular proliferation and reduced migration. In tumours, low RFWD3 expression was associated with increased tumour mutational burden, and complete response to platinum chemotherapy. Conclusion RFWD3 expression varies in HGSOCs, which can lead to functional effects at both the cellular and tumour levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Taylor
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L. Hollis
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Arends
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Symonds K, Teresinski HJ, Hau B, Dwivedi V, Belausov E, Bar-Sinai S, Tominaga M, Haraguchi T, Sadot E, Ito K, Snedden WA. Functional characterization of calmodulin-like proteins, CML13 and CML14, as novel light chains of Arabidopsis class VIII myosins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2313-2329. [PMID: 38280207 PMCID: PMC11272076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Myosins are important motor proteins that associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Structurally, myosins function as heteromeric complexes where smaller light chains, such as calmodulin (CaM), bind to isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) domains in the neck region to facilitate mechano-enzymatic activity. We recently identified Arabidopsis CaM-like (CML) proteins CML13 and CML14 as interactors of proteins containing multiple IQ domains, including a myosin VIII. Here, we demonstrate that CaM, CML13, and CML14 bind the neck region of all four Arabidopsis myosin VIII isoforms. Among CMLs tested for binding to myosins VIIIs, CaM, CML13, and CML14 gave the strongest signals using in planta split-luciferase protein interaction assays. In vitro, recombinant CaM, CML13, and CML14 showed specific, high-affinity, calcium-independent binding to the IQ domains of myosin VIIIs. CaM, CML13, and CML14 co-localized to plasma membrane-bound puncta when co-expressed with red fluorescent protein-myosin fusion proteins containing IQ and tail domains of myosin VIIIs. In vitro actin motility assays using recombinant myosin VIIIs demonstrated that CaM, CML13, and CML14 function as light chains. Suppression of CML13 or CML14 expression using RNA silencing resulted in a shortened-hypocotyl phenotype, similar to that observed in a quadruple myosin mutant, myosin viii4KO. Collectively, our data indicate that Arabidopsis CML13 and CML14 are novel myosin VIII light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Symonds
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bryan Hau
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sefi Bar-Sinai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Einat Sadot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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Green PA. Behavior and morphology combine to influence energy dissipation in mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda). J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247063. [PMID: 38722696 PMCID: PMC11128283 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Animals deliver and withstand physical impacts in diverse behavioral contexts, from competing rams clashing their antlers together to archerfish impacting prey with jets of water. Though the ability of animals to withstand impact has generally been studied by focusing on morphology, behaviors may also influence impact resistance. Mantis shrimp exchange high-force strikes on each other's coiled, armored telsons (tailplates) during contests over territory. Prior work has shown that telson morphology has high impact resistance. I hypothesized that the behavior of coiling the telson also contributes to impact energy dissipation. By measuring impact dynamics from high-speed videos of strikes exchanged during contests between freely moving animals, I found that approximately 20% more impact energy was dissipated by the telson as compared with findings from a prior study that focused solely on morphology. This increase is likely due to behavior: because the telson is lifted off the substrate, the entire body flexes after contact, dissipating more energy than exoskeletal morphology does on its own. While variation in the degree of telson coil did not affect energy dissipation, proportionally more energy was dissipated from higher velocity strikes and from strikes from more massive appendages. Overall, these findings show that analysis of both behavior and morphology is crucial to understanding impact resistance, and suggest future research on the evolution of structure and function under the selective pressure of biological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Green
- UC Santa Barbara, Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Brown University, Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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17
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.11.553020. [PMID: 37609240 PMCID: PMC10441414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.553020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature surface, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. It was previously documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
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18
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Lee G, Wong C, Cho A, West JJ, Crawford AJ, Russo GC, Si BR, Kim J, Hoffner L, Jang C, Jung M, Leone RD, Konstantopoulos K, Ewald AJ, Wirtz D, Jeong S. Serine synthesis pathway upregulated by E-cadherin is essential for the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.24.541452. [PMID: 37292712 PMCID: PMC10245808 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.541452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The loss of E-cadherin (E-cad), an epithelial cell adhesion molecule, has been implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting invasion and migration of cancer cells and, consequently, metastasis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that E-cad supports the survival and proliferation of metastatic cancer cells, suggesting that our understanding of E-cad in metastasis is far from comprehensive. Here, we report that E-cad upregulates the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) in breast cancer cells. The SSP provides metabolic precursors for biosynthesis and resistance to oxidative stress, critically beneficial for E-cad-positive breast cancer cells to achieve faster tumor growth and more metastases. Inhibition of PHGDH, a rate-limiting enzyme in the SSP, significantly and specifically hampered the proliferation of E-cad-positive breast cancer cells and rendered them vulnerable to oxidative stress, inhibiting their metastatic potential. Our findings reveal that E-cad adhesion molecule significantly reprograms cellular metabolism, promoting tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancers.
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19
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Ounissi M, Latouche M, Racoceanu D. PhagoStat a scalable and interpretable end to end framework for efficient quantification of cell phagocytosis in neurodegenerative disease studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6482. [PMID: 38499658 PMCID: PMC10948879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the phagocytosis of dynamic, unstained cells is essential for evaluating neurodegenerative diseases. However, measuring rapid cell interactions and distinguishing cells from background make this task very challenging when processing time-lapse phase-contrast video microscopy. In this study, we introduce an end-to-end, scalable, and versatile real-time framework for quantifying and analyzing phagocytic activity. Our proposed pipeline is able to process large data-sets and includes a data quality verification module to counteract potential perturbations such as microscope movements and frame blurring. We also propose an explainable cell segmentation module to improve the interpretability of deep learning methods compared to black-box algorithms. This includes two interpretable deep learning capabilities: visual explanation and model simplification. We demonstrate that interpretability in deep learning is not the opposite of high performance, by additionally providing essential deep learning algorithm optimization insights and solutions. Besides, incorporating interpretable modules results in an efficient architecture design and optimized execution time. We apply this pipeline to quantify and analyze microglial cell phagocytosis in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and obtain statistically reliable results showing that FTD mutant cells are larger and more aggressive than control cells. The method has been tested and validated on several public benchmarks by generating state-of-the art performances. To stimulate translational approaches and future studies, we release an open-source end-to-end pipeline and a unique microglial cells phagocytosis dataset for immune system characterization in neurodegenerative diseases research. This pipeline and the associated dataset will consistently crystallize future advances in this field, promoting the development of efficient and effective interpretable algorithms dedicated to the critical domain of neurodegenerative diseases' characterization. https://github.com/ounissimehdi/PhagoStat .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ounissi
- CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Inria, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
- PSL Research university, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Racoceanu
- CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Inria, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France.
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20
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Wallis GJ, Bell LA, Wagner JN, Buxton L, Balachandar L, Wilcox KS. Reactive microglia fail to respond to environmental damage signals in a viral-induced mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583768. [PMID: 38558969 PMCID: PMC10979929 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are highly adaptable innate immune cells that rapidly respond to damage signals in the brain through adoption of a reactive phenotype and production of defensive inflammatory cytokines. Microglia express a distinct transcriptome, encoding receptors that allow them to dynamically respond to pathogens, damage signals, and cellular debris. Expression of one such receptor, the microglia-specific purinergic receptor P2ry12, is known to be downregulated in reactive microglia. Here, we explore the microglial response to purinergic damage signals in reactive microglia in the TMEV mouse model of viral brain infection and temporal lobe epilepsy. Using two-photon calcium imaging in acute hippocampal brain slices, we found that the ability of microglia to detect damage signals, engage calcium signaling pathways, and chemoattract towards laser-induced tissue damage was dramatically reduced during the peak period of seizures, cytokine production, and infection. Using combined RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we found that during this same stage of heightened infection and seizures, microglial P2ry12 expression was reduced, while the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-a expression was upregulated in microglia, suggesting that the depressed ability of microglia to respond to new damage signals via P2ry12 occurs during the time when local elevated cytokine production contributes to seizure generation following infection. Therefore, changes in microglial purinergic receptors during infection likely limit the ability of reactive microglia to respond to new threats in the CNS and locally contain the scale of the innate immune response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenna J Wallis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 80904
| | - Laura A Bell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 80904
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 80904
| | - John N Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 80904
| | - Lauren Buxton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 80904
| | - Lakshmini Balachandar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 80904
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 80904
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 80904
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21
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Kar N, Caruso AP, Prokopiou N, Logue JS. The activation of INF2 by Piezo1/Ca 2+ is required for mesenchymal to amoeboid transition in confined environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.23.546346. [PMID: 37745412 PMCID: PMC10515767 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
To invade heterogenous tissues, transformed cells may undergo a mesenchymal to amoeboid transition (MAT). However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this transition are poorly defined. In invasive melanoma cells, we demonstrate that intracellular [Ca2+] increases with the degree of confinement in a Piezo1 dependent fashion. Moreover, Piezo1/Ca2+ is found to drive amoeboid and not mesenchymal migration in confined environments. Consistent with a model in which Piezo1 senses tension at the plasma membrane, the percentage of cells using amoeboid migration is further increased in undulating microchannels. Surprisingly, amoeboid migration was not promoted by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is sensitive to intracellular [Ca2+]. Instead, we report that Piezo1/Ca2+ activates inverted formin-2 (INF2) to induce widespread actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Strikingly, the activation of INF2 is found to promote de-adhesion, which in turn facilitates MAT. Using micropatterned surfaces, we demonstrate that cells require INF2 to effectively migrate in environments with challenging mechanochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Kar
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Alexa P. Caruso
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Nicos Prokopiou
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Jeremy S. Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
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22
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Maeda T, Shimamori K, Kurita H, Tokuraku K, Kuragano M. Amyloid β interferes with wound healing of brain microvascular endothelial cells by disorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113958. [PMID: 38325585 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease in which amyloid β (Aβ) is deposited in the cerebral blood vessels, reducing compliance, tearing and weakening of vessel walls, leading to cerebral hemorrhage. The mechanisms by which Aβ leads to focal wall fragmentation and intimal damage are not well understood. We analyzed the motility of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) in real-time using a wound-healing assay. We observed the suppression of cell migration by visualizing Aβ aggregation using quantum dot (QD) nanoprobes. In addition, using QD nanoprobes and a SiR-actin probe, we simultaneously observed Aβ aggregation and F-actin organization in real-time for the first time. Aβ began to aggregate at the edge of endothelial cells, reducing cell motility. In addition, Aβ aggregation disorganized the actin cytoskeleton and induced abnormal actin aggregation. Aβ aggregated actively in the anterior group, where cell motility was active. Our findings may be a first step toward explaining the mechanism by which Aβ causes vascular wall fragility, bleeding, and rebleeding in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Ohkawara Neurosurgical Hospital, Hokkaido, 050-0082, Japan; Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Keiya Shimamori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurita
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan.
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23
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Hvorecny KL, Sladewski TE, De La Cruz EM, Kollman JM, Heaslip AT. Toxoplasma gondii actin filaments are tuned for rapid disassembly and turnover. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1840. [PMID: 38418447 PMCID: PMC10902351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein actin plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of the intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, mediating invasion and egress, cargo transport, and organelle inheritance. Advances in live cell imaging have revealed extensive filamentous actin networks in the Apicomplexan parasite, but there are conflicting data regarding the biochemical and biophysical properties of Toxoplasma actin. Here, we imaged the in vitro assembly of individual Toxoplasma actin filaments in real time, showing that native, unstabilized filaments grow tens of microns in length. Unlike skeletal muscle actin, Toxoplasma filaments intrinsically undergo rapid treadmilling due to a high critical concentration, fast monomer dissociation, and rapid nucleotide exchange. Cryo-EM structures of jasplakinolide-stabilized and native (i.e. unstabilized) filaments show an architecture like skeletal actin, with differences in assembly contacts in the D-loop that explain the dynamic nature of the filament, likely a conserved feature of Apicomplexan actin. This work demonstrates that evolutionary changes at assembly interfaces can tune the dynamic properties of actin filaments without disrupting their conserved structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Hvorecny
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas E Sladewski
- Department of Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Aoife T Heaslip
- Department of Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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24
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Yadav SA, Khatri D, Soni A, Khetan N, Athale CA. Wave-like oscillations of clamped microtubules driven by collective dynein transport. Biophys J 2024; 123:509-524. [PMID: 38258292 PMCID: PMC10912927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are observed to move and buckle driven by ATP-dependent molecular motors in both mitotic and interphasic eukaryotic cells as well as in specialized structures such as flagella and cilia with a stereotypical geometry. In previous work, clamped MTs driven by a few kinesin motors were seen to buckle and occasionally flap in what was referred to as flagella-like motion. Theoretical models of active-filament dynamics and a following force have predicted that, with sufficient force and binding-unbinding, such clamped filaments should spontaneously undergo periodic buckling oscillations. However, a systematic experimental test of the theory and reconciliation to a model was lacking. Here, we have engineered a minimal system of MTs clamped at their plus ends and transported by a sheet of dynein motors that demonstrate the emergence of spontaneous traveling-wave oscillations along single filaments. The frequencies of tip oscillations are in the millihertz range and are statistically indistinguishable in the onset and recovery phases. We develop a 2D computational model of clamped MTs binding and unbinding stochastically to motors in a "gliding-assay" geometry. The simulated MTs oscillate with a frequency comparable to experiment. The model predicts the effect of MT length and motor density on qualitative transitions between distinct phases of flapping, regular oscillations, and looping. We develop an effective "order parameter" based on the relative deflection along the filament and orthogonal to it. The transitions predicted in simulations are validated by experimental data. These results demonstrate a role for geometry, MT buckling, and collective molecular motor activity in the emergence of oscillatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aman Soni
- Division of Biology, IISER Pune, Pune, India
| | - Neha Khetan
- Division of Biology, IISER Pune, Pune, India
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25
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Silvester E, Szoor B, Ivens A, Awuah-Mensah G, Gadelha C, Wickstead B, Matthews KR. A conserved trypanosomatid differentiation regulator controls substrate attachment and morphological development in Trypanosoma congolense. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011889. [PMID: 38408115 PMCID: PMC10919850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites undergo developmental regulation to adapt to the different environments encountered during their life cycle. In Trypanosoma brucei, a genome wide selectional screen previously identified a regulator of the protein family ESAG9, which is highly expressed in stumpy forms, a morphologically distinct bloodstream stage adapted for tsetse transmission. This regulator, TbREG9.1, has an orthologue in Trypanosoma congolense, despite the absence of a stumpy morphotype in that parasite species, which is an important cause of livestock trypanosomosis. RNAi mediated gene silencing of TcREG9.1 in Trypanosoma congolense caused a loss of attachment of the parasites to a surface substrate in vitro, a key feature of the biology of these parasites that is distinct from T. brucei. This detachment was phenocopied by treatment of the parasites with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which also promotes detachment in the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. RNAseq analysis revealed that TcREG9.1 silencing caused the upregulation of mRNAs for several classes of surface molecules, including transferrin receptor-like molecules, immunoreactive proteins in experimental bovine infections, and molecules related to those associated with stumpy development in T. brucei. Depletion of TcREG9.1 in vivo also generated an enhanced level of parasites in the blood circulation consistent with reduced parasite attachment to the microvasculature. The morphological progression to insect forms of the parasite was also perturbed. We propose a model whereby TcREG9.1 acts as a regulator of attachment and development, with detached parasites being adapted for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Silvester
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szoor
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Ivens
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Awuah-Mensah
- Medical School, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Gadelha
- Medical School, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Wickstead
- Medical School, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R. Matthews
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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26
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Rajagopal S, Sasaki T. Paint marking using CO 2 anaesthetization does not affect exploratory and recruitment behaviours in the rock ant, Temnothorax rugatulus. Behav Processes 2024; 215:104985. [PMID: 38145699 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of animal behaviour sometimes requires unique identification of individuals, especially in the study of social behaviours involving the interactions of multiple individuals. To this end, researchers have developed many different methods of marking individuals. For small animals like insects, paint marks are often applied to their bodies by anaesthetizing them using low temperature or carbon dioxide. Despite this procedure being ubiquitous when studying social insects, the effect of paint and anaesthetics on their behaviour has not been well investigated, especially their effect on performance during a collective task. In our study, we investigate how paint marks and anaesthetics affect the movement and recruitment behaviours of the ant Temnothorax rugatulus in a house hunting context. We painted two thirds of colony members, half of them using CO2 and the other half using low temperature as methods of anaesthetization, and left the one third unpainted as a control group. We then measured their exploratory behaviour prior to house hunting and their recruitment behaviours during house hunting. We found that neither paint marks nor anaesthetics reduce activity levels of these behaviours. However, low-temperature anaesthetized ants performed a higher number of recruitment behaviours than control ants. Because CO2 anaesthetized ants performed all tasks at the same level as control ants, our data suggest that this is a good technique for paint marking ants, especially T. rugatulus. This is the first study empirically testing negative effects of paint marking on individual and collective outcomes in social insects. Our study represents an important step towards routine validation of individual identification methods used in the study of animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takao Sasaki
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, USA
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27
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Kučera J, Lofaj F, Nagyová-Krchova Z, Šurín Hudáková N, Vojtko M, Březina V. Stimulation of Osteogenic Activity of Autologous Teeth Hard Tissues as Bone Augmentation Material. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:40. [PMID: 38248471 PMCID: PMC10813725 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The issue of bone volume loss is playing an increasing role in bone tissue engineering. Research has focused on studying the preparation and use of different types of human or xenogenic materials and their osteogenic properties. An alternative source for this purpose could be autologous extracted teeth. The simple preparation protocol, minimal immune response, and rapid organizing of the newly formed bone with optimal mechanical properties predispose autologous hard teeth tissues (HTTs) as a promising material suitable in the indication of augmentation of maxillary and mandible defects, comparable to other high-end augmentation materials. The aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate the osteogenic potential of ground native autologous HTTs prepared by different demineralization procedures, aimed at potentiating the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of their organic components. The results indicate that the most effective preparation process for HTT stimulation is the application of Cleanser for 10 min followed by exposure to 0.6 N HCl for 5 min with a wash in phosphate-buffered saline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kučera
- Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - František Lofaj
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, ÚMV SAV Košice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (F.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Zuzana Nagyová-Krchova
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Natália Šurín Hudáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Marek Vojtko
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, ÚMV SAV Košice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (F.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Vitěslav Březina
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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28
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Alter K, Jacobs P, Delre A, Rasch B, Philippart CJM, Peck MA. Oyster larvae used for ecosystem restoration benefit from increased thermal fluctuation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115750. [PMID: 38043205 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck in restoring self-sustaining beds of the European oyster (Ostrea edulis) is the successful development and settlement of larvae to bottom habitats. These processes are largely governed by temperature but a mechanistic understanding of larval performance across ecologically relevant temperatures is lacking. We reared larvae at low (20-21 °C) and high (20-24 °C) fluctuating temperatures and applied short-term exposures of larvae to temperatures between 16 and 33 °C to assess vital rates and thermal coping ranges. Larval thermal preference was between 25 and 30 °C for both rearing treatments which corresponded with optimum temperatures for oxygen consumption rates and locomotion. Larvae had 5.5-fold higher settling success, however, when reared at the high compared to the low fluctuating temperatures. Higher mean and periods of increased temperature, as projected in a future climate, may therefore enhance recruitment success of O. edulis in northern European habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Alter
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands.
| | - Pascalle Jacobs
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands.
| | - Annalisa Delre
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands.
| | - Bianka Rasch
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands.
| | - Catharina J M Philippart
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Department of Physical Geography, 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Myron A Peck
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Marine Animal Ecology Group, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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29
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Bondoc-Naumovitz KG, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer H, Poon RN, Boggon AK, Bentley SA, Cortese D, Wan KY. Methods and Measures for Investigating Microscale Motility. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1485-1508. [PMID: 37336589 PMCID: PMC10755196 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is an essential factor for an organism's survival and diversification. With the advent of novel single-cell technologies, analytical frameworks, and theoretical methods, we can begin to probe the complex lives of microscopic motile organisms and answer the intertwining biological and physical questions of how these diverse lifeforms navigate their surroundings. Herein, we summarize the main mechanisms of microscale motility and give an overview of different experimental, analytical, and mathematical methods used to study them across different scales encompassing the molecular-, individual-, to population-level. We identify transferable techniques, pressing challenges, and future directions in the field. This review can serve as a starting point for researchers who are interested in exploring and quantifying the movements of organisms in the microscale world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca N Poon
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexander K Boggon
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel A Bentley
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK
| | - Dario Cortese
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK
| | - Kirsty Y Wan
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK
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30
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Messaoudi S, Allam A, Stoufflet J, Paillard T, Fouquet C, Doulazmi M, Le Ven A, Trembleau A, Caillé I. FMRP regulates tangential neuronal migration via MAP1B. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.530447. [PMID: 36945472 PMCID: PMC10028813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.530447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) represents the most prevalent form of inherited intellectual disability and is the first monogenic cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder. FXS results from the absence of the RNA-binding protein FMRP (Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein). Neuronal migration is an essential step of brain development allowing displacement of neurons from their germinal niches to their final integration site. The precise role of FMRP in neuronal migration remains largely unexplored. Using live imaging of postnatal Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) neurons in Fmr1-null mice, we observed that the absence of FMRP leads to delayed neuronal migration and altered trajectory, associated with defects of centrosomal movement. RNA-interference-induced knockdown of Fmr1 shows that these migratory defects are cell-autonomous. Notably, the primary FMRP mRNA target implicated in these migratory defects is MAP1B (Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B). Knocking-down MAP1B expression effectively rescued most of the observed migratory defects. Finally, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms at play by demonstrating that the absence of FMRP induces defects in the cage of microtubules surrounding the nucleus of migrating neurons, which is rescued by MAP1B knockdown. Our findings reveal a novel neurodevelopmental role for FMRP in collaboration with MAP1B, jointly orchestrating neuronal migration by influencing the microtubular cytoskeleton.
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31
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Holme B, Bjørnerud B, Pedersen NM, de la Ballina LR, Wesche J, Haugsten EM. Automated tracking of cell migration in phase contrast images with CellTraxx. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22982. [PMID: 38151514 PMCID: PMC10752880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to move and migrate is required during development, but also in the adult in processes such as wound healing and immune responses. In addition, cancer cells exploit the cells' ability to migrate and invade to spread into nearby tissue and eventually metastasize. The majority of cancer deaths are caused by metastasis and the process of cell migration is therefore intensively studied. A common way to study cell migration is to observe cells through an optical microscope and record their movements over time. However, segmenting and tracking moving cells in phase contrast time-lapse video sequences is a challenging task. Several tools to track the velocity of migrating cells have been developed. Unfortunately, most of the automated tools are made for fluorescence images even though unlabelled cells are often preferred to avoid phototoxicity. Consequently, researchers are constrained with laborious manual tracking tools using ImageJ or similar software. We have therefore developed a freely available, user-friendly, automated tracking tool called CellTraxx. This software makes it easy to measure the velocity and directness of migrating cells in phase contrast images. Here, we demonstrate that our tool efficiently recognizes and tracks unlabelled cells of different morphologies and sizes (HeLa, RPE1, MDA-MB-231, HT1080, U2OS, PC-3) in several types of cell migration assays (random migration, wound healing and cells embedded in collagen). We also provide a detailed protocol and download instructions for CellTraxx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Holme
- SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Bjørnerud
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing, Health and Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organisation, Østfold University College, PB 700, NO-1757, Halden, Norway
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Ballina
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Wesche
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Margrethe Haugsten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Brown LS, King NE, Courtney JM, Gasperini RJ, Foa L, Howells DW, Sutherland BA. Brain pericytes in culture display diverse morphological and functional phenotypes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2999-3014. [PMID: 37322257 PMCID: PMC10693527 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes play several important functions in the neurovascular unit including contractile control of capillaries, maintenance of the BBB, regulation of angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. There exists a continuum of pericyte subtypes along the vascular tree which exhibit both morphological and transcriptomic differences. While different functions have been associated with the pericyte subtypes in vivo, numerous recent publications have used a primary human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) cell line where this pericyte heterogeneity has not been considered. Here, we used primary HBVP cultures, high-definition imaging, cell motility tracking, and immunocytochemistry to characterise morphology, protein expression, and contractile behaviour to determine whether heterogeneity of pericytes also exists in cultures. We identified five distinct morphological subtypes that were defined using both qualitative criteria and quantitative shape analysis. The proportion of each subtype present within the culture changed as passage number increased, but pericytes did not change morphological subtype over short time periods. The rate and extent of cellular and membrane motility differed across the subtypes. Immunocytochemistry revealed differential expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) across subtypes. αSMA is essential for cell contractility, and consequently, only subtypes with high αSMA expression contracted in response to physiological vasoconstrictors endothelin-1 (ET1) and noradrenaline (NA). We conclude that there are distinct morphological subtypes in HBVP culture, which display different behaviours. This has significance for the use of HBVP when modelling pericyte physiology in vitro where relevance to in vivo pericyte subtypes along the vascular tree must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan S Brown
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Natalie E King
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Jo-Maree Courtney
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Robert J Gasperini
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Lisa Foa
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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33
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Rassul SM, Otsu M, Styles IB, Neely RK, Fulton D. Single-molecule tracking of myelin basic protein during oligodendrocyte differentiation. BIOLOGICAL IMAGING 2023; 3:e24. [PMID: 38510175 PMCID: PMC10951920 DOI: 10.1017/s2633903x23000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to expand our understanding of myelin basic protein (MBP), a key component of central nervous system myelin, by developing a protocol to track and quantifying individual MBP particles during oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation. MBP particle directionality, confinement, and diffusion were tracked by rapid TIRF and HILO imaging of Dendra2 tagged MBP in three stages of mouse oligodendroglia: OL precursors, early myelinating OLs, and mature myelinating OLs. The directionality and confinement of MBP particles increased at each stage consistent with progressive transport toward, and recruitment into, emerging myelin structures. Unexpectedly, diffusion data presented a more complex pattern with subpopulations of the most diffusive particles disappearing at the transition between the precursor and early myelinating stage, before reemerging in the membrane sheets of mature OLs. This diversity of particle behaviors, which would be undetectable by conventional ensemble-averaged methods, are consistent with a multifunctional view of MBP involving roles in myelin expansion and compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M. Rassul
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Physical Sciences of Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences Training Programme, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Masahiro Otsu
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Braizon Therapeutics, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iain B. Styles
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Robert K. Neely
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Fulton
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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34
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McMillan RB, Bediako H, Devenica LM, Velasquez A, Hardy IP, Ma YE, Roscoe DM, Carter AR. Protamine folds DNA into flowers and loop stacks. Biophys J 2023; 122:4288-4302. [PMID: 37803830 PMCID: PMC10645571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA in sperm undergoes an extreme compaction to almost crystalline packing levels. To produce this dense packing, DNA is dramatically reorganized in minutes by protamine proteins. Protamines are positively charged proteins that coat negatively charged DNA and fold it into a series of toroids. The exact mechanism for forming these ∼50-kbp toroids is unknown. Our goal is to study toroid formation by starting at the "bottom" with folding of short lengths of DNA that form loops and working "up" to more folded structures that occur on longer length scales. We previously measured folding of 200-300 bp of DNA into a loop. Here, we look at folding of intermediate DNA lengths (L = 639-3003 bp) that are 2-10 loops long. We observe two folded structures besides loops that we hypothesize are early intermediates in the toroid formation pathway. At low protamine concentrations (∼0.2 μM), we see that the DNA folds into flowers (structures with multiple loops that are positioned so they look like the petals of a flower). Folding at these concentrations condenses the DNA to 25% of its original length, takes seconds, and is made up of many small bending steps. At higher protamine concentrations (≥2 μM), we observe a second folded structure-the loop stack-where loops are stacked vertically one on top of another. These results lead us to propose a two-step process for folding at this length scale: 1) protamine binds to DNA, bending it into loops and flowers, and 2) flowers collapse into loop stacks. These results highlight how protamine uses a bind-and-bend mechanism to rapidly fold DNA, which may be why protamine can fold the entire sperm genome in minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B McMillan
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary Bediako
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Luka M Devenica
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Isabel P Hardy
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Yuxing E Ma
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Donna M Roscoe
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley R Carter
- Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts.
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Shrestha R, McCann T, Saravanan H, Lieberth J, Koirala P, Bloomekatz J. The myocardium utilizes a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade to steer toward the midline during zebrafish heart tube formation. eLife 2023; 12:e85930. [PMID: 37921445 PMCID: PMC10651176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a fundamental process in organ formation. During heart development, bilateral myocardial precursors collectively move toward the midline (cardiac fusion) to form the primitive heart tube. Extrinsic influences such as the adjacent anterior endoderm are known to be required for cardiac fusion. We previously showed however, that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is also required for cardiac fusion (Bloomekatz et al., 2017). Nevertheless, an intrinsic mechanism that regulates myocardial movement has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway has an essential intrinsic role in the myocardium directing movement toward the midline. In vivo imaging further reveals midline-oriented dynamic myocardial membrane protrusions that become unpolarized in PI3K-inhibited zebrafish embryos where myocardial movements are misdirected and slower. Moreover, we find that PI3K activity is dependent on and interacts with Pdgfra to regulate myocardial movement. Together our findings reveal an intrinsic myocardial steering mechanism that responds to extrinsic cues during the initiation of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Tess McCann
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Prashanna Koirala
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
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Sanfeliu-Cerdán N, Català-Castro F, Mateos B, Garcia-Cabau C, Ribera M, Ruider I, Porta-de-la-Riva M, Canals-Calderón A, Wieser S, Salvatella X, Krieg M. A MEC-2/stomatin condensate liquid-to-solid phase transition controls neuronal mechanotransduction during touch sensing. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1590-1599. [PMID: 37857834 PMCID: PMC10635833 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of work suggests that the material properties of biomolecular condensates ensuing from liquid-liquid phase separation change with time. How this aging process is controlled and whether the condensates with distinct material properties can have different biological functions is currently unknown. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we show that MEC-2/stomatin undergoes a rigidity phase transition from fluid-like to solid-like condensates that facilitate transport and mechanotransduction, respectively. This switch is triggered by the interaction between the SH3 domain of UNC-89 (titin/obscurin) and MEC-2. We suggest that this rigidity phase transition has a physiological role in frequency-dependent force transmission in mechanosensitive neurons during body wall touch. Our data demonstrate a function for the liquid and solid phases of MEC-2/stomatin condensates in facilitating transport or mechanotransduction, and a previously unidentified role for titin homologues in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Sanfeliu-Cerdán
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Frederic Català-Castro
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Borja Mateos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ribera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Ruider
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Montserrat Porta-de-la-Riva
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Adrià Canals-Calderón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Wieser
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael Krieg
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
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Kelly MBJ, Khan MK, Wierucka K, Jones BR, Shofner R, Derkarabetian S, Wolff JO. Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232035. [PMID: 37876190 PMCID: PMC10598421 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals use self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions-with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes-locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly-both in web-building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life-history traits, possibly explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. J. Kelly
- Evolutionary Biomechanics, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Md Kawsar Khan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaja Wierucka
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Braxton R. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ryan Shofner
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences E26, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Shahan Derkarabetian
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jonas O. Wolff
- Evolutionary Biomechanics, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Balaguer J, Koch F, Flintrop CM, Völkner C, Iversen MH, Trimborn S. Iron and manganese availability drives primary production and carbon export in the Weddell Sea. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4405-4414.e4. [PMID: 37769661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Next to iron (Fe), recent phytoplankton-enrichment experiments identified manganese (Mn) to (co-)limit Southern Ocean phytoplankton biomass and species composition. Since taxonomic diversity affects aggregation time and sinking rate, the efficiency of the biological carbon pump is directly affected by community structure. However, the impact of FeMn co-limitation on Antarctic primary production, community composition, and the subsequent export of carbon to depth requires more investigation. In situ samplings of 6 stations in the understudied southern Weddell Sea revealed that surface Fe and Mn concentrations, primary production, and carbon export rates were all low, suggesting a FeMn co-limited phytoplankton community. An Fe and Mn addition experiment examined how changes in the species composition drive the aggregation capability of a natural phytoplankton community. Primary production rates were highest when Fe and Mn were added together, due to an increased abundance of the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. Although the community remained diatom dominated, the increase in Phaeocystis abundance led to highly carbon-enriched aggregates and a 4-fold increase in the carbon export potential compared to the control, whereas it only doubled in the Fe treatment. Based on the outcome of the FeMn-enrichment experiment, this region may suffer from FeMn co-limitation. As the Weddell Sea represents one of the most productive Antarctic marginal ice zones, our findings highlight that in response to greater Fe and Mn supply, changes in plankton community composition and primary production can have a disproportionally larger effect on the carbon export potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Balaguer
- Marine Botany, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany.
| | - Florian Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany
| | - Clara M Flintrop
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany; The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel
| | - Christian Völkner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany
| | - Morten H Iversen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Scarlett Trimborn
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany
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Zuñiga NR, Dumoulin A, Vaccaro G, Stoeckli ET. Cables1 links Slit/Robo and Wnt/Frizzled signaling in commissural axon guidance. Development 2023; 150:dev201671. [PMID: 37747104 PMCID: PMC10617602 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
During neural circuit formation, axons navigate from one intermediate target to the next, until they reach their final target. At intermediate targets, axons switch from being attracted to being repelled by changing the guidance receptors on the growth cone surface. For smooth navigation of the intermediate target and the continuation of their journey, the switch in receptor expression has to be orchestrated in a precisely timed manner. As an alternative to changes in expression, receptor function could be regulated by phosphorylation of receptors or components of signaling pathways. We identified Cables1 as a linker between floor-plate exit of commissural axons, regulated by Slit/Robo signaling, and the rostral turn of post-crossing axons, regulated by Wnt/Frizzled signaling. Cables1 localizes β-catenin, phosphorylated at tyrosine 489 by Abelson kinase, to the distal axon, which in turn is necessary for the correct navigation of post-crossing commissural axons in the developing chicken spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole R. Zuñiga
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Dumoulin
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) ‘Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD)’, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vaccaro
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther T. Stoeckli
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) ‘Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD)’, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Tzeng CP, Shen K. Wnt signaling and contact-mediated repulsion shape sensory dendritic fields. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557812. [PMID: 37781584 PMCID: PMC10540810 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The complete and non-redundant coverage of sensory tissues by neighboring neurons enables effective detection of stimuli in the environment. How the neurites of adjacent neurons establish their boundaries to achieve this completeness in coverage remains incompletely understood. Here, we use distinct fluorescent reporters to study two neighboring sensory neurons with complex dendritic arbors, FLP and PVD, in C. elegans . We quantify the sizes of their dendritic fields, and identify CWN-2/Wnt and LIN-17/Frizzled as a ligand and receptor that regulate the relative dendritic field sizes of these two neurons. Loss of either cwn-2 or lin-17 results in complementary changes in the size of the dendritic fields of both neurons; the FLP arbor expands, while that of PVD shrinks. Using an endogenous knock-in mNeonGreen-CWN-2/Wnt, we find that CWN-2/Wnt is localized along the path of growing FLP dendrites. Dynamic imaging shows a significant braking of FLP dendrite growth upon CWN-2/Wnt contact. We find that LIN-17/Frizzled functions cell-autonomously in FLP to limit dendritic field size and propose that PVD fills the space left by FLP through contact-induced retraction. Our results reveal that interactions of dendrites with adjacent dendrites and with environmental cues both shape the boundaries of neighboring dendritic fields. Highlights ▫ Secreted Wnt CWN-2 and cell-autonomous activity of neuronal LIN-17/Frizzled receptors restrict FLP dendritic field sizes▫ Endogenously tagged CWN-2/Wnt is punctate and visible in the same plane of growing FLP dendrites▫ Growth of developing FLP dendrites is inhibited upon contact with extracellular CWN-2/Wnt and with PVD dendrites.
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Saleh J, Fardin MA, Barai A, Soleilhac M, Frenoy O, Gaston C, Cui H, Dang T, Gaudin N, Vincent A, Minc N, Delacour D. Length limitation of astral microtubules orients cell divisions in murine intestinal crypts. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1519-1533.e6. [PMID: 37419117 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Planar spindle orientation is critical for epithelial tissue organization and is generally instructed by the long cell-shape axis or cortical polarity domains. We introduced mouse intestinal organoids in order to study spindle orientation in a monolayered mammalian epithelium. Although spindles were planar, mitotic cells remained elongated along the apico-basal (A-B) axis, and polarity complexes were segregated to basal poles, so that spindles oriented in an unconventional manner, orthogonal to both polarity and geometric cues. Using high-resolution 3D imaging, simulations, and cell-shape and cytoskeleton manipulations, we show that planar divisions resulted from a length limitation in astral microtubules (MTs) which precludes them from interacting with basal polarity, and orient spindles from the local geometry of apical domains. Accordingly, lengthening MTs affected spindle planarity, cell positioning, and crypt arrangement. We conclude that MT length regulation may serve as a key mechanism for spindles to sense local cell shapes and tissue forces to preserve mammalian epithelial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Saleh
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Amlan Barai
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Frenoy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gaston
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hongyue Cui
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Tien Dang
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Gaudin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, 59000 Lille, France; ORGALille Core Facility, CANTHER, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France.
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Marchal MA, Moose DL, Varzavand A, Jordan NE, Taylor D, Tanas MR, Brown JA, Henry MD, Stipp CS. Abl kinases can function as suppressors of tumor progression and metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1241056. [PMID: 37746268 PMCID: PMC10514900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1241056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abl family kinases function as proto-oncogenes in various leukemias, and pro-tumor functions have been discovered for Abl kinases in many solid tumors as well. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that Abl kinases can function to suppress tumor cell proliferation and motility and tumor growth in vivo in some settings. Methods To investigate the role of Abl kinases in tumor progression, we used RNAi to generate Abl-deficient cells in a model of androgen receptor-indifferent, metastatic prostate cancer. The effect of Abl kinase depletion on tumor progression and metastasis was studied in an in vivo orthotopic model, and tumor cell motility, 3D growth, and signaling was studied in vitro. Results Reduced Abl family kinase expression resulted in a highly aggressive, metastatic phenotype in vivo that was associated with AKT pathway activation, increased growth on 3D collagen matrix, and enhanced cell motility in vitro. Inhibiting AKT pathway signaling abolished the increased 3D growth of Abl-deficient cells, while treatment with the Abl kinase inhibitor, imatinib, promoted 3D growth of multiple additional tumor cell types. Moreover, Abl kinase inhibition also promoted soft-agar colony formation by pre-malignant fibroblasts. Conclusions Collectively, our data reveal that Abl family kinases can function to suppress malignant cell phenotypes in vitro, and tumor progression and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Marchal
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Devon L Moose
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Afshin Varzavand
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nicole E Jordan
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Destiney Taylor
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Munir R Tanas
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - James A Brown
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Urology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christopher S Stipp
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Hvorecny KL, Sladewski TE, De La Cruz EM, Kollman JM, Heaslip AT. Toxoplasma gondii actin filaments are tuned for rapid disassembly and turnover. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555340. [PMID: 37693530 PMCID: PMC10491163 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein actin plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii, mediating invasion and egress, cargo transport, and organelle inheritance. Advances in live cell imaging have revealed extensive filamentous actin networks in the Apicomplexan parasite, but there is conflicting data regarding the biochemical and biophysical properties of Toxoplasma actin. Here, we imaged the in vitro assembly of individual Toxoplasma actin filaments in real time, showing that native, unstabilized filaments grow tens of microns in length. Unlike skeletal muscle actin, Toxoplasma filaments intrinsically undergo rapid treadmilling due to a high critical concentration, fast monomer dissociation, and rapid nucleotide exchange. Cryo-EM structures of stabilized and unstabilized filaments show an architecture like skeletal actin, with differences in assembly contacts in the D-loop that explain the dynamic nature of the filament, likely a conserved feature of Apicomplexan actin. This work demonstrates that evolutionary changes at assembly interfaces can tune dynamic properties of actin filaments without disrupting their conserved structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Hvorecny
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas E Sladewski
- Department of Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aoife T Heaslip
- Department of Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Tanaka Y, Morozumi A, Hirokawa N. Nodal flow transfers polycystin to determine mouse left-right asymmetry. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1447-1461.e6. [PMID: 37413993 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Left-dominant [Ca2+]i elevation on the left margin of the ventral node furnishes the initial laterality of mouse embryos. It depends on extracellular leftward fluid flow (nodal flow), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)/sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, and the PKD1L1 polycystin subunit, of which interrelationship is still elusive. Here, we show that leftward nodal flow directs PKD1L1-containing fibrous strands and facilitates Nodal-mediated [Ca2+]i elevation on the left margin. We generate KikGR-PKD1L1 knockin mice in order to monitor protein dynamics with a photoconvertible fluorescence protein tag. By imaging those embryos, we have identified fragile meshwork being gradually transferred leftward involving pleiomorphic extracellular events. A portion of the meshwork finally bridges over the left nodal crown cells in an FGFR/Shh-dependent manner. As PKD1L1 N-term is predominantly associated with Nodal on the left margin and that PKD1L1/PKD2 overexpression significantly augments cellular Nodal sensitivity, we propose that leftward transfer of polycystin-containing fibrous strands determines left-right asymmetry in developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Ai Morozumi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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45
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Kuruba B, Starks N, Josten MR, Naveh O, Wayman G, Mikhaylova M, Kostyukova AS. Effects of Tropomodulin 2 on Dendritic Spine Reorganization and Dynamics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1237. [PMID: 37627302 PMCID: PMC10515316 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are actin-rich protrusions that receive a signal from the axon at the synapse. Remodeling of cytoskeletal actin is tightly connected to dendritic spine morphology-mediated synaptic plasticity of the neuron. Remodeling of cytoskeletal actin is required for the formation, development, maturation, and reorganization of dendritic spines. Actin filaments are highly dynamic structures with slow-growing/pointed and fast-growing/barbed ends. Very few studies have been conducted on the role of pointed-end binding proteins in the regulation of dendritic spine morphology. In this study, we evaluated the role played by tropomodulin 2 (Tmod2)-a brain-specific isoform, on the dendritic spine re-organization. Tmod2 regulates actin nucleation and polymerization by binding to the pointed end via actin and tropomyosin (Tpm) binding sites. We studied the effects of Tmod2 overexpression in primary hippocampal neurons on spine morphology using confocal microscopy and image analysis. Tmod2 overexpression decreased the spine number and increased spine length. Destroying Tpm-binding ability increased the number of shaft synapses and thin spine motility. Eliminating the actin-binding abilities of Tmod2 increased the number of mushroom spines. Tpm-mediated pointed-end binding decreased F-actin depolymerization, which may positively affect spine stabilization; the nucleation ability of Tmod2 appeared to increase shaft synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaganesh Kuruba
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (B.K.); (N.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Nickolas Starks
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (B.K.); (N.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Mary Rose Josten
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.R.J.); (G.W.)
| | - Ori Naveh
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (B.K.); (N.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Gary Wayman
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.R.J.); (G.W.)
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alla S. Kostyukova
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (B.K.); (N.S.); (O.N.)
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
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46
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Li Z, Jian Y, Hu J, Zhang C, Meng X, Liu J. SpindlesTracker: An Automatic and Low-Cost Labeled Workflow for Spindle Analysis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:4098-4109. [PMID: 37252866 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3281454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of spindle dynamics in mitosis through fluorescence microscopy requires tracking spindle elongation in noisy image sequences. Deterministic methods, which use typical microtubule detection and tracking methods, perform poorly in the sophisticated background of spindles. In addition, the expensive data labeling cost also limits the application of machine learning in this field. Here we present a fully automatic and low-cost labeled workflow that efficiently analyzes the dynamic spindle mechanism of time-lapse images, called SpindlesTracker. In this workflow, we design a network named YOLOX-SP which can accurately detect the location and endpoint of each spindle under box-level data supervision. We then optimize the algorithm SORT and MCP for spindle's tracking and skeletonization. As there was no publicly available dataset, we annotated a S.pombe dataset that was entirely acquired from the real world for both training and evaluation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SpindlesTracker achieves excellent performance in all aspects, while reducing label costs by 60%. Specifically, it achieves 84.1% mAP in spindle detection and over 90% accuracy in endpoint detection. Furthermore, the improved algorithm enhances tracking accuracy by 1.3% and tracking precision by 6.5%. Statistical results also indicate that the mean error of spindle length is within 1 μm. In summary, SpindlesTracker holds significant implications for the study of mitotic dynamic mechanisms and can be readily extended to the analysis of other filamentous objects. The code and the dataset are both released on GitHub.
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47
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Rocha-Martins M, Nerli E, Kretzschmar J, Weigert M, Icha J, Myers EW, Norden C. Neuronal migration prevents spatial competition in retinal morphogenesis. Nature 2023; 620:615-624. [PMID: 37558872 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The concomitant occurrence of tissue growth and organization is a hallmark of organismal development1-3. This often means that proliferating and differentiating cells are found at the same time in a continuously changing tissue environment. How cells adapt to architectural changes to prevent spatial interference remains unclear. Here, to understand how cell movements that are key for growth and organization are orchestrated, we study the emergence of photoreceptor neurons that occur during the peak of retinal growth, using zebrafish, human tissue and human organoids. Quantitative imaging reveals that successful retinal morphogenesis depends on the active bidirectional translocation of photoreceptors, leading to a transient transfer of the entire cell population away from the apical proliferative zone. This pattern of migration is driven by cytoskeletal machineries that differ depending on the direction: microtubules are exclusively required for basal translocation, whereas actomyosin is involved in apical movement. Blocking the basal translocation of photoreceptors induces apical congestion, which hampers the apical divisions of progenitor cells and leads to secondary defects in lamination. Thus, photoreceptor migration is crucial to prevent competition for space, and to allow concurrent tissue growth and lamination. This shows that neuronal migration, in addition to its canonical role in cell positioning4, can be involved in coordinating morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rocha-Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Elisa Nerli
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jenny Kretzschmar
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Weigert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaroslav Icha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eugene W Myers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Caren Norden
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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48
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Aguirre-Botero MC, Wang LT, Formaglio P, Aliprandini E, Thiberge JM, Schön A, Flores-Garcia Y, Mathis-Torres S, Flynn BJ, da Silva Pereira L, Le Duff Y, Hurley M, Nacer A, Bowyer PW, Zavala F, Idris AH, Francica JR, Seder RA, Amino R. Cytotoxicity of human antibodies targeting the circumsporozoite protein is amplified by 3D substrate and correlates with protection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112681. [PMID: 37389992 PMCID: PMC10468621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) targeting the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) on the sporozoite surface are a promising tool for preventing malaria infection. However, their mechanisms of protection remain unclear. Here, using 13 distinctive PfCSP hmAbs, we provide a comprehensive view of how PfCSP hmAbs neutralize sporozoites in host tissues. Sporozoites are most vulnerable to hmAb-mediated neutralization in the skin. However, rare but potent hmAbs additionally neutralize sporozoites in the blood and liver. Efficient protection in tissues mainly associates with high-affinity and high-cytotoxicity hmAbs inducing rapid parasite loss-of-fitness in the absence of complement and host cells in vitro. A 3D-substrate assay greatly enhances hmAb cytotoxicity and mimics the skin-dependent protection, indicating that the physical stress imposed on motile sporozoites by the skin is crucial for unfolding the protective potential of hmAbs. This functional 3D cytotoxicity assay can thus be useful for downselecting potent anti-PfCSP hmAbs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela C Aguirre-Botero
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity, BioSPC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lawrence T Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pauline Formaglio
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity, BioSPC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo Aliprandini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity, BioSPC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Thiberge
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity, BioSPC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shamika Mathis-Torres
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lais da Silva Pereira
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yann Le Duff
- Centre for Aids Reagents, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Mathew Hurley
- Centre for Aids Reagents, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Adéla Nacer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Paul W Bowyer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Azza H Idris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity, BioSPC, F-75015, Paris, France.
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49
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Nerli E, Kretzschmar J, Bianucci T, Rocha‐Martins M, Zechner C, Norden C. Deterministic and probabilistic fate decisions co-exist in a single retinal lineage. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112657. [PMID: 37184124 PMCID: PMC10350840 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct nervous system development depends on the timely differentiation of progenitor cells into neurons. While the output of progenitor differentiation is well investigated at the population and clonal level, how stereotypic or variable fate decisions are during development is still more elusive. To fill this gap, we here follow the fate outcome of single neurogenic progenitors in the zebrafish retina over time using live imaging. We find that neurogenic progenitor divisions produce two daughter cells, one of deterministic and one of probabilistic fate. Interference with the deterministic branch of the lineage affects lineage progression. In contrast, interference with fate probabilities of the probabilistic branch results in a broader range of fate possibilities than in wild-type and involves the production of any neuronal cell type even at non-canonical developmental stages. Combining the interference data with stochastic modelling of fate probabilities revealed that a simple gene regulatory network is able to predict the observed fate decision probabilities during wild-type development. These findings unveil unexpected lineage flexibility that could ensure robust development of the retina and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nerli
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Tommaso Bianucci
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
- Physics of Life, Cluster of ExcellenceTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Mauricio Rocha‐Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Christoph Zechner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
- Physics of Life, Cluster of ExcellenceTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Caren Norden
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
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50
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Lencer E, Rains A, Binne E, Prekeris R, Artinger KB. Mutations in cdon and boc affect trunk neural crest cell migration and slow-twitch muscle development in zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201304. [PMID: 37390228 PMCID: PMC10357035 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane proteins cdon and boc are implicated in regulating hedgehog signaling during vertebrate development. Recent work showing roles for these genes in axon guidance and neural crest cell migration suggest that cdon and boc may play additional functions in regulating directed cell movements. We use newly generated and existing mutants to investigate a role for cdon and boc in zebrafish neural crest cell migration. We find that single mutant embryos exhibit normal neural crest phenotypes, but that neural crest migration is strikingly disrupted in double cdon;boc mutant embryos. We further show that this migration phenotype is associated with defects in the differentiation of slow-twitch muscle cells, and the loss of a Col1a1a-containing extracellular matrix, suggesting that neural crest defects may be a secondary consequence to defects in mesoderm development. Combined, our data add to a growing literature showing that cdon and boc act synergistically to promote hedgehog signaling during vertebrate development, and suggest that the zebrafish can be used to study the function of hedgehog receptor paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Lencer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Addison Rains
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erin Binne
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristin B. Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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