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Guo Y, Li H, Hao Y, Shang H, Jia W, Liang A, Xu X, Li C, Ma C. Size Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Boosting Soybean Growth via Differentially Modulating Nitrogen Assimilation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:746. [PMID: 38727340 PMCID: PMC11085672 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale agrochemicals have been widely used in sustainable agriculture and may potentially affect the nitrogen fixation process in legume crops. The present study investigated the size-effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on nitrogen assimilation in soybean (G. max (L.) Merrill) plants, which were treated with different sizes (20 and 50 nm) of CuO NPs at low use doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) for 21 days under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that 50 nm CuO NPs significantly increased the fresh biomass more than 20 nm CuO NPs achieved at 10 mg/kg. The activities of N assimilation-associated enzymes and the contents of nitrogenous compounds, including nitrates, proteins, and amino acids, in soybean tissues were greatly increased across all the CuO NP treatments. The use doses of two sizes of CuO NPs had no impact on the Cu contents in shoots and roots but indeed increased the Cu contents in soils in a dose-dependent fashion. Overall, our findings demonstrated that both 20 and 50 nm CuO NPs could positively alter soybean growth and boost N assimilation, furthering our understanding that the application of nanoscale micro-nutrient-related agrochemicals at an optimal size and dose will greatly contribute to increasing the yield and quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Guo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Yi Hao
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Heping Shang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Weili Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Anqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (A.L.); (X.X.); (C.L.)
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2
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He Y, Zhang R, Li P, Men L, Xu M, Wang J, Niu S, Tian D. Nitrogen enrichment delays the drought threshold responses of leaf photosynthesis in alpine grassland plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169560. [PMID: 38154633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought is found to cause a threshold response in photosynthesis in ecosystem level. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood, highlighting the importance of revealing the drought thresholds for multiple leaf-level photosynthetic processes. Thus, we conducted a long-term experiment involving precipitation reduction and nitrogen (N) addition. Moreover, an extreme drought event occurred within the experimental period. We found the presence of drought thresholds for multiple leaf-level photosynthetic processes, with the leaf light-saturated carbon assimilation rate (Asat) displaying the highest threshold (10.76 v/v%) and the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (Vcmax) showing the lowest threshold (5.38 v/v%). Beyond the drought thresholds, the sensitivities of leaf-level photosynthetic processes to soil water content could be greater. Moreover, N addition lowered the drought thresholds of Asat and stomatal conductance (gs), but had no effect on that of Vcmax. Among species, plants with higher leaf K concentration traits had a lower drought threshold of Asat. Overall, this study highlights that leaf photosynthesis may be suppressed abruptly as soil water content surpasses the drought threshold. However, N enrichment helps to improve the resistance via delaying drought threshold response. These new findings have important implications for understanding the nonlinearity of ecosystem productivity response and early warning management in the scenario of combined extreme drought events and continuous N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Men
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Wang M, Sun H, Xu Z. Characterization of Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Selection of Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria at the Flowering and Fruiting Stages of Rapeseed. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:329. [PMID: 38276786 PMCID: PMC10819753 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plant rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in modulating plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to elucidate the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms at the flowering and fruiting stages of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Microbial communities in rhizosphere soils were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA regions for fungi. A total of 401 species of bacteria and 49 species of fungi in the rhizosphere soil samples were found in three different samples. The composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities were significantly different at different stages of rapeseed growth. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been widely applied to improve plant growth, health, and production. Thirty-four and thirty-one PGPR strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples collected at the flowering and fruiting stages of rapeseed, respectively. Different inorganic phosphorus- and silicate-solubilizing and auxin-producing capabilities were found in different strains, in addition to different heavy-metal resistances. This study deepens the understanding of the microbial diversity in the rapeseed rhizosphere and provides a microbial perspective of sustainable rapeseed cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Biological Resources in Qinling-Ba Mountains, Hanzhong 723000, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory Bioresources, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory Bioresources, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA;
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Guo H, Xu C, Wang F, Jiang L, Lei X, Zhang M, Li R, Lan X, Xia Z, Wang Z, Wu Y. Transcriptome sequencing and functional verification revealed the roles of exogenous magnesium in tobacco anti-PVY infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232279. [PMID: 37577430 PMCID: PMC10414187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) infection causes necrosis and curling of leaves, which seriously affect the yield and quality of Solanaceous crops. The roles of nutrient elements in the regulation of plant resistance to virus infection has been widely reported, while the mechanisms are poorly studied. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that foliar spraying of MgSO4 could induce Nicotiana tabacum resistance to PVY by increasing the activity of defense-related enzymes. Consistent with the results, we found that exogenous magnesium (Mg) had a certain effect on N. tabacum anti-PVY infection. Meanwhile, Illumina RNA sequencing revealed that Mg induced resistance to PVY infection was mainly by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and transportation, nitrogen metabolism, Ca2+ signal transduction and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we used virus-induced gene silencing assays to verify the function of homologs of five N. tabacum genes involved in above pathways in N. benthamiana. The results showed that NbTPS and NbGBE were conducive to PVY infection, while NbPPases and NbNR were related to resistance to PVY infection. These results suggested a novel strategy for resistance to PVY infection and provided a theoretical basis for virus-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Xichang, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Lan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Yan W, Qin J, Jian Y, Liu J, Bian C, Jin L, Li G. Analysis of Potato Physiological and Molecular Adaptation in Response to Different Water and Nitrogen Combined Regimes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1671. [PMID: 37111894 PMCID: PMC10145361 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water and nitrogen are essential for potato growth and development. We aim to understand how potato adapts to changes in soil water and nitrogen content. Potato plant adaptations to changes in soil moisture and nitrogen levels were analyzed at the physiological and transcriptomic levels in four treatment groups: adequate nitrogen under drought, adequate nitrogen under sufficient irrigation, limited nitrogen under drought, and limited nitrogen under sufficient irrigation. Many light-capture pigment complex genes and oxygen release complex genes were differentially expressed in leaves when nitrogen levels were increased under drought conditions, and several genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle were up-regulated; furthermore, leaf stomatal conductance decreased, whereas the saturated vapor pressure difference and relative chlorophyll content in the chloroplasts increased. StSP6A, a key gene in potato tuber formation, was down-regulated in response to increased nitrogen application, and the stolon growth time was prolonged. Genes related to root nitrogen metabolism were highly expressed, and protein content in the tuber increased. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed 32 gene expression modules that responded to changes in water and nitrogen levels. A total of 34 key candidate genes were identified, and a preliminary molecular model of potato responses to alterations in soil water and nitrogen content was constructed.
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Duarte-Aké F, Márquez-López RE, Monroy-González Z, Borbolla-Pérez V, Loyola-Vargas VM. The source, level, and balance of nitrogen during the somatic embryogenesis process drive cellular differentiation. PLANTA 2022; 256:113. [PMID: 36367589 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of somatic embryogenesis (SE), it has been evident that nitrogen (N) metabolism is essential during morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Usually, N is supplied to cultures in vitro in three forms, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and amino N from amino acids (AAs). Although most plants prefer NO3- to NH4+, NH4+ is the primary form route to be assimilated. The balance of NO3- and NH4+ determines if the morphological differentiation process will produce embryos. That the N reduction of NO3- is needed for both embryo initiation and maturation is well-established in several models, such as carrot, tobacco, and rose. It is clear that N is indispensable for SE, but the mechanism that triggers the signal for embryo formation remains unknown. Here, we discuss recent studies that suggest an optimal endogenous concentration of auxin and cytokinin is closely related to N supply to plant tissue. From a molecular and biochemical perspective, we explain N's role in embryo formation, hypothesizing possible mechanisms that allow cellular differentiation by changing the nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Duarte-Aké
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ruth E Márquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, C.P., 71230, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Zurisadai Monroy-González
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Verónica Borbolla-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Nasr Esfahani M, Kusano M, Abdelrahman M, Nguyen KH, Watanabe Y, Mochida K, Burritt DJ, Tran LSP. Differential metabolic rearrangements in the roots and leaves of Cicer arietinum caused by single or double nitrate and/or phosphate deficiencies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1643-1659. [PMID: 35862290 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 - ) and phosphate (Pi) deficiencies are the major constraints for chickpea productivity, significantly impacting global food security. However, excessive fertilization is expensive and can also lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop chickpea cultivars that are able to grow on soils deficient in both NO3 - and Pi. This study focused on the identification of key NO3 - and/or Pi starvation-responsive metabolic pathways in the leaves and roots of chickpea grown under single and double nutrient deficiencies of NO3 - and Pi, in comparison with nutrient-sufficient conditions. A global metabolite analysis revealed organ-specific differences in the metabolic adaptation to nutrient deficiencies. Moreover, we found stronger adaptive responses in the roots and leaves to any single than combined nutrient-deficient stresses. For example, chickpea enhanced the allocation of carbon among nitrogen-rich amino acids (AAs) and increased the production of organic acids in roots under NO3 - deficiency, whereas this adaptive response was not found under double nutrient deficiency. Nitrogen remobilization through the transport of AAs from leaves to roots was greater under NO3 - deficiency than double nutrient deficiency conditions. Glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate accumulated in the roots under single nutrient deficiencies, but not under double nutrient deficiency, and higher glycolytic pathway activities were observed in both roots and leaves under single nutrient deficiency than double nutrient deficiency. Hence, the simultaneous deficiency generated a unique profile of metabolic changes that could not be simply described as the result of the combined deficiencies of the two nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, new Galala, 43511, Egypt
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
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Zeng M, He S, Hao J, Zhao Y, Zheng C. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of heteromorphic leaves reveals eco-adaptability of Populus euphratica Oliv. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153644. [PMID: 35219031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterophylly is regard as adaptation to different environments in plant, and Populus euphratica is an important heterophyllous woody plant. However, information on its molecular mechanism in eco-adaptability remains obscure. RESULTS In this research, proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology in lanceolate, ovate, and dentate broad-ovate leaves from adult P. euphratica trees, respectively. Besides, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and peroxidase activity in these heteromorphic leaves were investigated. A total number of 2,689 proteins were detected in the heteromorphic leaves, of which 56, 73, and 222 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were determined in ovate/lanceolate, dentate broad-ovate/lanceolate, and dentate broad-ovate/ovate comparison groups. Bioinformatics analysis suggested these altered proteins related to photosynthesis, stress tolerance, respiration and primary metabolism accumulated in dentate broad-ovate and ovate leaves, which were consistent with the results of physiological parameters and Real-time Quantitative PCR experiments. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated the mechanism of the differential abundance proteins in providing an optimal strategy of resource utilization and survival for P. euphratica, that could offer clues for further investigations into eco-adaptability of heterophyllous woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China; Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Shuhang He
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianqing Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 Xinjian Nan Lu, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Caixia Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Huang XJ, Jian SF, Chen DL, Zhong C, Miao JH. Concentration-dependent dual effects of exogenous sucrose on nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4906. [PMID: 35318399 PMCID: PMC8940917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exogenous sucrose (Suc) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mmol L−1) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms were investigated in a medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian). Suc application with the concentration of 0.5–5 mmol L−1 significantly promoted plant growth. In contrast, 10 mmol L−1 Suc retarded plant growth and increased contents of anthocyanin and MDA and activity of SOD in comparison to 0.5–5 mmol L−1 Suc. Suc application increased contents of leaf soluble sugar, reducing sugar and trerhalose, as well as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity, increasing supply of C-skeleton for N assimilation. However, total leaf N was peaked at 1 mmol L−1 Suc, which was consistent with root activity, suggesting that exogenous Suc enhanced root N uptake. At 10 mmol L−1 Suc, total leaf N and activities of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) and glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were strongly reduced but NH4+ concentration was significantly increased. The results revealed that exogenous Suc is an effective stimulant for A. paniculata plant growth. Low Suc concentration (e.g. 1 mmol L−1) increased supply of C-skeleton and promoted N uptake and assimilation in A. paniculata plant, whereas high Suc concentration (e.g. 10 mmol L−1) uncoupled C and N metabolisms, reduced N metabolism and induced plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shao-Fen Jian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Dong-Liang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China. .,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China. .,Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
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10
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Wu R, Liu Z, Wang J, Guo C, Zhou Y, Bawa G, Rochaix JD, Sun X. COE2 Is Required for the Root Foraging Response to Nitrogen Limitation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020861. [PMID: 35055047 PMCID: PMC8778332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous exchanges of signals and materials between leaves and roots, including nitrogen, which is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. In this study we identified and characterized the Chlorophyll A/B-Binding Protein (CAB) (named coe2 for CAB overexpression 2) mutant, which is defective in the development of chloroplasts and roots under normal growth conditions. The phenotype of coe2 is caused by a mutation in the Nitric Oxide Associated (NOA1) gene that is implicated in a wide range of chloroplast functions including the regulation of metabolism and signaling of nitric oxide (NO). A transcriptome analysis reveals that expression of genes involved in metabolism and lateral root development are strongly altered in coe2 seedlings compared with WT. COE2 is expressed in hypocotyls, roots, root hairs, and root caps. Both the accumulation of NO and the growth of lateral roots are enhanced in WT but not in coe2 under nitrogen limitation. These new findings suggest that COE2-dependent signaling not only coordinates gene expression but also promotes chloroplast development and function by modulating root development and absorption of nitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Lee Y, Do VG, Kim S, Kweon H. Identification of Genes Associated with Nitrogen Stress Responses in Apple Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122649. [PMID: 34961121 PMCID: PMC8706881 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that regulates diverse physiological processes for plant survival and development. In apple orchards, inappropriate N conditions can cause imbalanced growth and subsequent physiological disorders in trees. In order to investigate the molecular basis underlying the physiological signals for N stress responses, we examined the metabolic signals responsive to contrasting N stress conditions (deficient/excessive) in apple leaves using transcriptome approaches. The clustering of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed the expression dynamics of genes associated with each N stress group. Functional analyses of gene ontology and pathway enrichments revealed the potential candidates of metabolic signals responsible for N-deficient/excessive stress responses. The functional interactions of DEGs in each cluster were further explored by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Our results provided a comprehensive insight into molecular signals responsive to N stress conditions, and will be useful in future research to enhance the nutrition tolerance of tree crops.
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Liu R, Cui B, Lu X, Song J. The positive effect of salinity on nitrate uptake in Suaeda salsa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:958-963. [PMID: 34256249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate plays both nutritional and osmotic roles in the salt tolerance of halophytes. However, how halophytes take up NO3- under saline conditions is still not well understood. Seedlings of Suaeda salsa L. were treated with 0, 200 and 500 mM NaCl under 0.5 mM NO3--N with or without Na3VO4 (the inhibitor of plasma membrane H+-ATPase) for 24 h. Salinity treatment of 200 mM NaCl up-regulated the gene expression of nitrate transporter 2.1 (SsNRT2.1) in the roots, increased the root net influx of H+ and NO3- and 15NO3- accumulation in the leaves and roots. The expression of SsNRT2.1 at 200 mM NaCl with Na3VO4 was much higher than that without supplying Na3VO4, and the opposite trend was found in 15NO3- accumulation in the leaves and roots. Supplying Na3VO4 had no significant effect on the net H+ flux, but induced a net NO3- efflux in the roots at 200 mM NaCl. Salinity may directly activate the expression of SsNRT2.1 and promote NO3- uptake via the increment of pumping H+ by PM H+-ATPase in S. salsa, which may explain why certain halophytes can absorb and accumulate high concentration of NO3- under low NO3- and high salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Bing Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xiangbin Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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Transcriptome Analysis of Two Near-Isogenic Lines with Different NUE under Normal Nitrogen Conditions in Wheat. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080787. [PMID: 34440020 PMCID: PMC8389668 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary High nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the key to ensure high yield and reduce pollution. Understanding the physiological and molecular changes that regulate NUE is important for the breeding of high-NUE wheat varieties. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism are the basic metabolic pathways in plants. It becomes important to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which may be helpful to improve NUE. In this paper, two wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) with contrasting NUE were performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify candidate genes associated with carbon/nitrogen metabolism under normal nitrogen conditions. Our research may provide new insights into the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying NUE. Abstract Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for crop productivity. Unfortunately, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants gradually decreases with the increase of the N application rate. Nevertheless, little has been known about the molecular mechanisms of differences in NUE among genotypes of wheat. In this study, we used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the transcriptome profiling of flag leaves at the stage of anthesis in wheat NILs (1Y, high-NUE, and 1W, low-NUE) under normal nitrogen conditions (300 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 1.6 g N pot−1). We identified 7023 DEGs (4738 upregulated and 2285 downregulated) in the comparison between lines 1Y and 1W. The responses of 1Y and 1W to normal N differed in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Several genes belonging to the GS and GOGAT gene families were upregulated in 1Y compared with 1W, and the enhanced carbon metabolism might lead 1Y to produce more C skeletons, metabolic energy, and reductants for nitrogen metabolism. A subset of transcription factors (TFs) family members, such as ERF, WRKY, NAC, and MYB, were also identified. Collectively, these identified candidate genes provided new information for a further understanding of the genotypic difference in NUE.
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14
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Zhong C, Jian SF, Chen DL, Huang XJ, Miao JH. Organic nitrogen sources promote andrographolide biosynthesis by reducing nitrogen metabolism and increasing carbon accumulation in Andrographis paniculata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:82-91. [PMID: 33975147 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) form affects secondary metabolites of medicinal plants, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To fully understand the response of andrographolide biosynthesis to different N forms in Andrographis paniculata, the plants were fed with nutritional solution containing sole N source of nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), urea or glycine (Gly), and the growth, carbon (C) and N metabolisms and andrographolide biosynthesis were analyzed. We found that plants grown in urea and Gly performed greater photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) than those grown in NO3- and NH4+. Organic N sources reduced the activities of enzymes involving in C and N metabolisms such as glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH), invertase (INV), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and glycolate oxidase (GO), resulting in reduced depletion of carbohydrates and increased starch accumulation. However, they enhanced andrographolide content by up-regulating the key genes in its biosynthetic pathway including HMGR, DXS, GGPS and ApCPS. Besides, NH4+ decreased leaf SPAD value, contents of soluble protein and amino acids and GO activity, but increased photosynthetic rate and contents of soluble sugar and starch in comparison to NO3-. Andrographolide biosynthesis was also up-regulated. The results revealed that increasing accumulation of carbohydrates, especially starch, was beneficial to the biosynthesis of andrographolide; organic N sources decreased carbohydrate depletion by reducing N metabolism, and promoted plant growth and andrographolide biosynthesis synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Shao-Fen Jian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Dong-Liang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Xue-Jing Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
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15
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Sevanthi AM, Sinha SK, V S, Rani M, Saini MR, Kumari S, Kaushik M, Prakash C, K V, Singh GP, Mohapatra T, Mandal PK. Integration of Dual Stress Transcriptomes and Major QTLs from a Pair of Genotypes Contrasting for Drought and Chronic Nitrogen Starvation Identifies Key Stress Responsive Genes in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:49. [PMID: 34089405 PMCID: PMC8179884 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report here the genome-wide changes resulting from low N (N-W+), low water (N+W-)) and dual stresses (N-W-) in root and shoot tissues of two rice genotypes, namely, IR 64 (IR64) and Nagina 22 (N22), and their association with the QTLs for nitrogen use efficiency. For all the root parameters, except for root length under N-W+, N22 performed better than IR64. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content were higher in IR64 under N+W+ treatment and N-W+ and N+W- stresses; however, under dual stress, N22 had higher chlorophyll b content. While nitrite reductase, glutamate synthase (GS) and citrate synthase assays showed better specific activity in IR64, glutamate dehydrogenase showed better specific activity in N22 under dual stress (N-W-); the other N and C assimilating enzymes showed similar but low specific activities in both the genotypes. A total of 8926 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified compared to optimal (N+W+) condition from across all treatments. While 1174, 698 and 903 DEGs in IR64 roots and 1197, 187 and 781 in N22 roots were identified, nearly double the number of DEGs were found in the shoot tissues; 3357, 1006 and 4005 in IR64 and 4004, 990 and 2143 in N22, under N-W+, N+W- and N-W- treatments, respectively. IR64 and N22 showed differential expression in 15 and 11 N-transporter genes respectively, under one or more stress treatments, out of which four showed differential expression also in N+W- condition. The negative regulators of N- stress, e.g., NIGT1, OsACTPK1 and OsBT were downregulated in IR64 while in N22, OsBT was not downregulated. Overall, N22 performed better under dual stress conditions owing to its better root architecture, chlorophyll and porphyrin synthesis and oxidative stress management. We identified 12 QTLs for seed and straw N content using 253 recombinant inbred lines derived from IR64 and N22 and a 5K SNP array. The QTL hotspot region on chromosome 6 comprised of 61 genes, of which, five were DEGs encoding for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, serine threonine kinase, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and nitrate induced proteins. The DEGs, QTLs and candidate genes reported in this study can serve as a major resource for both rice improvement and functional biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subodh Kumar Sinha
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sureshkumar V
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Manju Rani
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Manish Ranjan Saini
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sapna Kumari
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Megha Kaushik
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Venkatesh K
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - G P Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Trilochan Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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16
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Liu R, Cui B, Jia T, Song J. Role of Suaeda salsa SsNRT2.1 in nitrate uptake under low nitrate and high saline conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:171-178. [PMID: 33383384 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The global annual loss in agricultural production resulting from soil salinization is significant. Although nitrate (NO3-) is known to play both nutritional and osmotic roles in the salt tolerance of halophytes, it remains unclear how halophytes such as Suaeda salsa L. take up NO3- under saline conditions. In the present study, the gene of nitrate transporter 2.1 (SsNRT2.1) was cloned from S. salsa and its function was identified in both S. salsa and Arabidopsis thaliana under salinity and low NO3--N (0.5 mM NO3-) conditions. The results revealed that SsNRT2.1 expression and NO3- concentration in the roots of S. salsa were higher at 200 mM NaCl, compared with that at 0 and 500 mM NaCl after 24 h treatment. The Arabidopsis overexpression lines showed a higher NO3- content compared to the WT lines at 0 and 50 mM NaCl. A similar trend was observed in the root length. In conclusion, salinity promoted the SsNRT2.1 expression in S. salsa, suggesting that this gene may contribute to the efficient NO3- uptake in S. salsa under low NO3- and high salinity conditions. This trait may explain why S. salsa can tolerate high salinity and produce the highest biomass at about 200 mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Cnan, 250014, PR China
| | - Bing Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Cnan, 250014, PR China
| | - Ting Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Cnan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Cnan, 250014, PR China.
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17
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Physiological and Molecular Traits Associated with Nitrogen Uptake under Limited Nitrogen in Soft Red Winter Wheat. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010165. [PMID: 33477261 PMCID: PMC7830070 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient nitrogen (N) supply is pivotal for high grain yield and desired grain protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Elucidation of physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) will enhance our ability to develop new N-saving varieties in wheat. In this study, we analyzed two soft red winter wheat genotypes, VA08MAS-369 and VA07W-415, with contrasting NUE under limited N. Our previous study demonstrated that higher NUE in VA08MAS-369 resulted from accelerated senescence and N remobilization in flag leaves at low N. The present study revealed that VA08MAS-369 also exhibited higher nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) than VA07W-415 under limited N. VA08MAS-369 consistently maintained root growth parameters such as maximum root depth, total root diameter, total root surface area, and total root volume under N limitation, relative to VA07W-415. Our time-course N content analysis indicated that VA08MAS-369 absorbed N more abundantly than VA07W-415 after the anthesis stage at low N. More efficient N uptake in VA08MAS-369 was associated with the increased expression of genes encoding a two-component high-affinity nitrate transport system, including four NRT2s and three NAR2s, in roots at low N. Altogether, these results demonstrate that VA08MAS-369 can absorb N efficiently even under limited N due to maintained root development and increased function of N uptake. The ability of VA08MAS-369 in N remobilization and uptake suggests that this genotype could be a valuable genetic material for the improvement of NUE in soft red winter wheat.
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Hu Y, Siddiqui MH, Li C, Jiang L, Zhang H, Zhao X. Polyamine Metabolism, Photorespiration, and Excitation Energy Allocation in Photosystem II Are Potentially Regulatory Hubs in Poplar Adaptation to Soil Nitrogen Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1271. [PMID: 32983189 PMCID: PMC7479266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization is common for poplar trees to improve growth and productivity. The utilization of N by poplar largely depends on fertilizer application patterns; however, the underlying regulatory hubs are not fully understood. In this study, N utilization and potentially physiological regulations of two poplar clones (XQH and BC5) were assessed through two related experiments (i: five levels of N supply and ii: conventional and exponential N additions). Poplar growth (leaf area) and N utilization significantly increased under fertilized compared to unfertilized conditions, whereas photosynthetic N utilization efficiency significantly decreased under low N supplies. Growth characteristics were better in the XQH than in the BC5 clone under the same N supplies, indicating higher N utilization efficiency. Leaf absorbed light energy, and thermal dissipation fraction was significantly different for XQH clone between conventional and exponential N additions. Leaf concentrations of putrescine (Put) and acetylated Put were significantly higher in exponential than in conventional N addition. Photorespiration significantly increased in leaves of XQH clone under exponential compared to conventional N addition. Our results indicate that an interaction of the clone and N supply pattern significantly occurs in poplar growth; leaf expansion and the storage N allocations are the central hubs in the regulation of poplar N utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunming Li
- Institute of Forestry Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Performance Comparison of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia natans on Azo-Dye (Eriochrome Black T) Phytoremediation. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic pollutants, such as dyes, have a negative effect on the aqueous environment, therefore, their elimination from water bodies is a high priority. In this work, Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia natans, both model plants with high phytoremediation efficiency, were exposed to various concentrations (Ci = 50–500 mg/L) of Eriochrome Black T (EBT). Their capacity to assimilate EBT was studied for 16 days of exposure, similar to natural conditions and by spectrophotometric monitoring of the dye concentration (EE. crassipes; 150 mg/L = 33%; ES. natans; 150 mg/L = 71.5%). The changes of the experimental parameters (pH—equalised by day 5, temperature, humidity, light intensity) were followed, and plant growth and biochemical responses to toxic stress effects (photosynthetic pigments, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)—decreased effect of P, Mg, Ca, S and K, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), defense enzyme) were examined. Furthermore, changes in oxidative- and photo-degradation of EBT in time and the solid-state properties (SEM, EDX, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy-FTIR) of the dye were investigated. Our results demonstrate that, despite the toxic stress, both species succeeded in reducing the dye-concentration of the water and S. natans proved to be more efficient in binding and removing organic dyes. With our findings, we proved that both plants alleviated the abiotic stress of dye contamination.
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20
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Ma Y, Yang Y, Liu R, Li Q, Song J. Adaptation of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa to nitrogen starvation under salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:287-293. [PMID: 31783204 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Suaeda salsa L. (S. salsa) is an annual euhalophyte with high salt tolerance. The NO3- content in soils where S. salsa populations occur are very low, especially in intertidal habitat. However, it remains unclear how S. salsa populations adapt to low nitrogen environments. Plants of two S. salsa populations were pre-cultured with nitrate nitrogen (1 mM of NO3--N) for 30 days. Then, the seedlings were cultured with 1 mM of NO3--N and N-free solution (N starvation) at 200 mM of NaCl for an additional 14 days. The expression of two genes in S. salsa, nitrate transporter 1.7 (SsNRT1.7) and nitrate transporter 2.5 (SsNRT2.5) in old and mature leaves, was markedly upregulated during N starvation in the intertidal population, when compared to the inland population, but this was not the case in young leaves. After N starvation, the decrease in NO3- and chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate in young leaves, and shoot dry weight in the intertidal population were lower than those in the inland population. In conclusion, SsNRT1.7 and SsNRT2.5 may play a role in NO3- remobilization, especially in the intertidal population, during N starvation. This trait may benefit the intertidal population for adapting to low nitrogen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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21
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Ullah A, Li M, Noor J, Tariq A, Liu Y, Shi L. Effects of salinity on photosynthetic traits, ion homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism in wild and cultivated soybean. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8191. [PMID: 31844583 PMCID: PMC6907091 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon and nitrogen metabolism need to be highly regulated to achieve cell acclimation to changing environmental conditions. The understanding of physio-biochemical responses of crops to salinity stress could help to stabilize their performance and yield. In this study we have analyzed the roles of photosynthesis, ion physiology and nitrate assimilation toward saline/alkaline stress acclimation in wild and cultivated soybean seedlings. METHODS Growth and photosynthetic parameters, ion concentrations and the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation were determined in seedlings of one wild and one cultivated soybean accession subjected to saline or alkaline stresses. RESULTS Both saline and alkaline stresses had a negative impact on the growth and metabolism of both wild and cultivated soybean.The growth, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters showed a significant decrease in response to increasing salt concentration. Additionally, a significant increase in root Na+ and Cl- concentration was observed. However, photosynthetic performance and ion regulation were higher in wild than in cultivated soybean under saline and alkaline stresses. Nitrate reductase (NR) and the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle showed a significant decrease in leaves of both genotypes. The reduction in the GS/GOGAT cycle was accompanied by high aminating glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase) activity, indicating the assimilation of high levels of NH4 +. A significant increase in the activities of aminating and deaminating enzymes, including glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), was observed, probably due to the high glutamate demand and maintenance of the Krebs cycle to correct the C: N status. CONCLUSIONS Cultivated soybean was much more stress sensitive than was the wild soybean. The decrease in growth, photosynthesis, ion regulation and nitrogen assimilation enzymes was greater in cultivated soybean than in wild soybean. The impact of alkaline stress was more pronounced than that of saline stress. Wild soybean regulated the physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation more effectively than did cultivated soybean. The present findings provide a theoretical basis with which to screen and utilize wild and cultivated soybean germplasm for breeding new stress-tolerant soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ullah
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Javaria Noor
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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22
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Identification of Phenotypic and Physiological Markers of Salt Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) through Integrated Analyses. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important stresses that reduces plant growth and productivity in several parts of the world. Nine Tunisian durum wheat genotypes grown under hydroponic conditions were subjected to two levels of salt stress (100 and 170 mM NaCl) for 21 days. An integrative analysis revealing the impact of salinity on key phenotypic and physiological marker traits was then conducted. Principal component analysis grouped these traits into three different clusters corresponding to the absence of salt stress and the two levels of salt stress. This analysis also allowed the identification of genotypes exhibiting various levels of tolerance to NaCl. Among the nine genotypes of Triticum durum Desf., cultivar Om Rabiaa was the most tolerant whereas cultivar Mahmoudi genotype was the most sensitive. Following the multivariate analysis of the examined phenotypic and physiological traits, we found that shoot length, shoot fresh weight, leaf area, the whole-plant stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N), shoot ammonium and proline contents, and shoot glutamine synthetase activity could be used as markers for the selection of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes.
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23
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Ma R, Jiang R, Chen X, Zhao D, Li T, Sun L. Proteomics analyses revealed the reduction of carbon- and nitrogen-metabolism and ginsenoside biosynthesis in the red-skin disorder of Panax ginseng. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:1123-1133. [PMID: 31581976 DOI: 10.1071/fp18269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Red-skin disorder (RSD), a non-infectious disorder in Panax ginseng, impairs the quality and yield of ginseng and impedes continuous cropping. Since the mechanism of this disorder is unknown, there are no effective prevention measures for RSD. The proteomic changes in RSD ginseng were analysed in this study by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The differential expression of 137 proteins (60 from 2-DE and 77 from iTRAQ) was identified in RSD ginseng as compared with healthy ginseng. Most changes are related to carbon- and nitrogen- metabolism, redox homeostasis, and stress resistance. We also found that the concentration of metal elements, such as iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn), was significantly increased in RSD ginseng. These increased metals would be chelated with phenols to form red spots on the ginseng epidermis. Moreover, RSD disturbed the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and affected the biosynthesis of nutrients (sugar, proteins, amino acids) and active components (ginsenosides), which reduced the survival rate and medicinal value of ginseng. These differences between RSD and healthy ginseng will contribute to the understanding of RSD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tong Li
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Liwei Sun
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China; and Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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24
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Determination of the [ 15N]-Nitrate/[ 14N]-Nitrate Ratio in Plant Feeding Studies by GC⁻MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081531. [PMID: 31003443 PMCID: PMC6515077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding experiments with stable isotopes are helpful tools for investigation of metabolic fluxes and biochemical pathways. For assessing nitrogen metabolism, the heavier nitrogen isotope, [15N], has been frequently used. In plants, it is usually applied in form of [15N]-nitrate, which is assimilated mainly in leaves. Thus, methods for quantification of the [15N]-nitrate/[14N]-nitrate ratio in leaves are useful for the planning and evaluation of feeding and pulse–chase experiments. Here we describe a simple and sensitive method for determining the [15N]-nitrate to [14N]-nitrate ratio in leaves. Leaf discs (8 mm diameter, approximately 10 mg fresh weight) were sufficient for analysis, allowing a single leaf to be sampled multiple times. Nitrate was extracted with hot water and derivatized with mesitylene in the presence of sulfuric acid to nitromesitylene. The derivatization product was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with electron ionization. Separation of the derivatized samples required only 6 min. The method shows excellent repeatability with intraday and interday standard deviations of less than 0.9 mol%. Using the method, we show that [15N]-nitrate declines in leaves of hydroponically grown Crassocephalum crepidioides, an African orphan crop, with a biological half-life of 4.5 days after transfer to medium containing [14N]-nitrate as the sole nitrogen source.
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25
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Naliwajski MR, Skłodowska M. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves acclimated to salt stress. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6043. [PMID: 30581664 PMCID: PMC6292378 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examines the effect of acclimation on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to moderate and severe NaCl stress. The levels of glucose, sucrose, NADH/NAD+-GDH, AspAT, AlaAT, NADP+-ICDH, G6PDH and 6GPDH activity were determined after 24 and 72 hour periods of salt stress in acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high Glc and Suc accumulation, they differed with regard to the range and time of accumulation. Acclimation to salinity decreased the activities of NADP+-ICDH and deaminating NAD+-GDH compared to controls; however, these enzymes, together with the other examined parameters, showed elevated values in the stressed plants. The acclimated plants showed higher G6PDH activity than the non-acclimated plants, whereas both groups demonstrated similar 6PGDH activity. The high activities of NADH-GDH, AlaAT and AspAT observed in the examined plants could be attributed to a high demand for glutamate. The observed changes may be required for the maintenance of correct TCA cycle activity, and acclimation appeared to positively influence these adaptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Robert Naliwajski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Skłodowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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26
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Ding L, Lu Z, Gao L, Guo S, Shen Q. Is Nitrogen a Key Determinant of Water Transport and Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Upon Drought Stress? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1143. [PMID: 30186291 PMCID: PMC6113670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major global issue limiting agricultural productivity. Plants respond to drought stress through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes for survival. The regulation of water transport and photosynthesis play crucial roles in improving plants' drought tolerance. Nitrogen (N, ammonium and nitrate) is an essential macronutrient for plants, and it can affect many aspects of plant growth and metabolic pathways, including water relations and photosynthesis. This review focuses on how drought stress affects water transport and photosynthesis, including the regulation of hydraulic conductance, aquaporin expression, and photosynthesis. It also discusses the cross talk between N, water transport, and drought stress in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Ostonen I, Truu M, Helmisaari HS, Lukac M, Borken W, Vanguelova E, Godbold DL, Lõhmus K, Zang U, Tedersoo L, Preem JK, Rosenvald K, Aosaar J, Armolaitis K, Frey J, Kabral N, Kukumägi M, Leppälammi-Kujansuu J, Lindroos AJ, Merilä P, Napa Ü, Nöjd P, Parts K, Uri V, Varik M, Truu J. Adaptive root foraging strategies along a boreal-temperate forest gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:977-991. [PMID: 28586137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tree root-mycorhizosphere plays a key role in resource uptake, but also in the adaptation of forests to changing environments. The adaptive foraging mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and fine roots of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula were evaluated along a gradient from temperate to subarctic boreal forest (38 sites between latitudes 48°N and 69°N) in Europe. Variables describing tree resource uptake structures and processes (absorptive fine root biomass and morphology, nitrogen (N) concentration in absorptive roots, extramatrical mycelium (EMM) biomass, community structure of root-associated EcM fungi, soil and rhizosphere bacteria) were used to analyse relationships between root system functional traits and climate, soil and stand characteristics. Absorptive fine root biomass per stand basal area increased significantly from temperate to boreal forests, coinciding with longer and thinner root tips with higher tissue density, smaller EMM biomass per root length and a shift in soil microbial community structure. The soil carbon (C) : N ratio was found to explain most of the variability in absorptive fine root and EMM biomass, root tissue density, N concentration and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. We suggest a concept of absorptive fine root foraging strategies involving both qualitative and quantitative changes in the root-mycorrhiza-bacteria continuum along climate and soil C : N gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Marika Truu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | | | - Martin Lukac
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Werner Borken
- Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D 95448, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elena Vanguelova
- Centre for Ecosystem, Society and Biosecurity Forest Research, Farnham, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Global Change Research Institute, Ceské Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Krista Lõhmus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ulrich Zang
- Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D 95448, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Jens-Konrad Preem
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Katrin Rosenvald
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Aosaar
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų str. 1, Kaunas District, LT-53101, Girionys, Lithuania
| | - Jane Frey
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Naima Kabral
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Mai Kukumägi
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | | | - Antti-Jussi Lindroos
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, 90570, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Päivi Merilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, 90570, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Ülle Napa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Pekka Nöjd
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Luke c/o Aalto yliopisto, PL 16200, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kaarin Parts
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Veiko Uri
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Mats Varik
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Jaak Truu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
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28
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Wang M, Sun Y, Gu Z, Wang R, Sun G, Zhu C, Guo S, Shen Q. Nitrate Protects Cucumber Plants Against Fusarium oxysporum by Regulating Citrate Exudation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2001-12. [PMID: 27481896 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt causes severe yield losses in cash crops. Nitrogen plays a critical role in the management of plant disease; however, the regulating mechanism is poorly understood. Using biochemical, physiological, bioinformatic and transcriptome approaches, we analyzed how nitrogen forms regulate the interactions between cucumber plants and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). Nitrate significantly suppressed Fusarium wilt compared with ammonium in both pot and hydroponic experiments. Fewer FOC colonized the roots and stems under nitrate compared with ammonium supply. Cucumber grown with nitrate accumulated less fusaric acid (FA) after FOC infection and exhibited increased tolerance to chemical FA by decreasing FA absorption and transportation in shoots. A lower citrate concentration was observed in nitrate-grown cucumbers, which was associated with lower MATE (multidrug and toxin compound extrusion) family gene and citrate synthase (CS) gene expression, as well as lower CS activity. Citrate enhanced FOC spore germination and infection, and increased disease incidence and the FOC population in ammonium-treated plants. Our study provides evidence that nitrate protects cucumber plants against F. oxysporum by decreasing root citrate exudation and FOC infection. Citrate exudation is essential for regulating disease development of Fusarium wilt in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Zechen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Guomei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
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29
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Ding L, Gao L, Liu W, Wang M, Gu M, Ren B, Xu G, Shen Q, Guo S. Aquaporin plays an important role in mediating chloroplastic CO 2 concentration under high-N supply in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:215-226. [PMID: 26382720 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that chloroplastic CO2 concentration (Cc) is not sufficient under high-nitrogen (N) supply in rice plants. In this research, we studied how aquaporins- (AQPs) mediated Cc under different N-supply levels. A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three different N levels (low N, 0.71 mM; intermediate N, 2.86 mM; and high N, 7.14 mM) in a rice cultivar (Oryza sativa cv. Shanyou 63) and with an ospip1;1 mutant (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare). The photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) decreased with increasing leaf-N content. Under high-N supply, the estimated Cc was significantly lower than the theoretical Cc and the specific Rubisco activity (carboxylation efficiency/Rubisco content, CE/Rubisco) decreased, because of a decrease of relative CO2 diffusion conductance (total CO2 diffusion conductance/leaf-N content, gt /N) in mesophyll cells. Real Time Quantitative PCR (Q-RT-PCR) showed that most OsPIP1s and OsPIP2s expression were downregulated under the high-N supply. Furthermore, Cc and gm decreased in the ospip1;1 mutant line compared with that of the wild-type plant. It was concluded that under high-N supply, the decreased PNUE was associated with non-sufficient Cc, mediated by AQP in mesophyll conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Ren
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Teixeira J, Ferraz P, Gouveia C, Azevedo F, Neves S, Fidalgo F, Silva AMT. Targeting key metabolic points for an enhanced phytoremediation of wastewaters pre-treated by the photo-Fenton process using Solanum nigrum L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:124-129. [PMID: 26057079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several physiological, biochemical and molecular biology responses were analysed in Solanum nigrum L. plants exposed for 28 days to an effluent that resulted from the photo-Fenton treatment of a highly concentrated pesticide and systemic fungicide aqueous solution, containing metalaxyl as active compound (150mgL(-1)), in order to pinpoint metabolic steps for a future increase of these plants' capacity to deal with the chemical process by-products. Although plants suffered oxidative stress, as indicated by increased membrane damage and a negative effect on plant biomass, they absorbed the excess iron and acted on the resulting by-products present in the effluent after the photo-Fenton process. Nitrogen assimilation and metallothionein gene expression were down regulated, while glutathione biosynthesis increased. These results suggest an enhanced nitrogen assimilation and/or metallothionein accumulation as relevant key points for further plant improvement in order to increase the efficiency of this innovative strategy that considers integration of the photo-Fenton process (as chemical primary treatment) with S. nigrum L. plants (as biological remediation post-treatment) for heavily polluted wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Teixeira
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Ferraz
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlota Gouveia
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Frederico Azevedo
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Simão Neves
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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