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Rosa V, Silikas N, Yu B, Dubey N, Gopu S, Zinelis S, Lima AF, Bottino MC, Ferreira JN, Schmalz G, Watts DC. Guidance on the assessment of biocompatibility of biomaterials: Fundamentals and testing considerations. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00221-5. [PMID: 39129079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity. Precise reporting of methodology and results facilitates research reproducibility and understanding of the findings by the scientific community, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and the general public. AIMS This article aims to provide an overview of the key concepts associated with evaluating the biocompatibility of biomaterials while also offering practical guidance on cellular principles, testing methodologies, and biological assays that can support in the planning, execution, and reporting of biocompatibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dental Biomaterials, Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Baiqing Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Sriram Gopu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece.
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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2
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Situmorang PC, Ilyas S, Nugraha SE, Syahputra RA, Nik Abd Rahman NMA. Prospects of compounds of herbal plants as anticancer agents: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1387866. [PMID: 39104398 PMCID: PMC11298448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1387866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer refers to the proliferation and multiplication of aberrant cells inside the human body, characterized by their capacity to proliferate and infiltrate various anatomical regions. Numerous biochemical pathways and signaling molecules have an impact on the cancer auto biogenesis process. The regulation of crucial cellular processes necessary for cell survival and proliferation, which are triggered by phytochemicals, is significantly influenced by signaling pathways. These pathways or components are regulated by phytochemicals. Medicinal plants are a significant reservoir of diverse anticancer medications employed in chemotherapy. The anticancer effects of phytochemicals are mediated by several methods, including induction of apoptosis, cessation of the cell cycle, inhibition of kinases, and prevention of carcinogenic substances. This paper analyzes the phytochemistry of seven prominent plant constituents, namely, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins, focusing on the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway, TNF signaling, death receptors, p53, p38, and actin dynamics. Hence, this review has examined a range of phytochemicals, encompassing their structural characteristics and potential anticancer mechanisms. It has underscored the significance of plant-derived bioactive compounds in the prevention of cancer, utilizing diverse molecular pathways. In addition, this endeavor also seeks to incentivize scientists to carry out clinical trials on anticancer medications derived from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Yuce K. The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Cardiovascular Disorders: Ways of Administration, and the Effectors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10765-9. [PMID: 39023739 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The heart is an organ with a low ability to renew and repair itself. MSCs have cell surface markers such as CD45-, CD34-, CD31-, CD4+, CD11a+, CD11b+, CD15+, CD18+, CD25+, CD49d+, CD50+, CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD9+, CD10+, CD106+, CD109+, CD127+, CD120a+, CD120b+, CD124+, CD126+, CD140a+, CD140b+, adherent properties and the ability to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Autogenic, allogeneic, normal, pretreated and genetically modified MSCs and secretomes are used in preclinical and clinical studies. MSCs and their secretomes (the total released molecules) generally have cardioprotective effects. Studies on cardiovascular diseases using MSCs and their secretomes include myocardial infraction/ischemia, fibrosis, hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Stem cells or their secretomes used for this purpose are administered to the heart via intracoronary (Antegrade intracoronary and retrograde coronary venous injection), intramyocardial (Transendocardial and epicardial injection) and intravenous routes. The protective effects of MSCs and their secretomes on the heart are generally attributed to their differentiation into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, their immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, increasing blood vessel density, cardiac remodeling, and ejection fraction and decreasing apoptosis, the size of the wound, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ventricular myo-mass, fibrosis, matrix metalloproteins, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to assist researchers and physicians in selecting the appropriate cell type, secretomes, and technique to increase the chance of success in designing therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yuce
- Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye.
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Sharma V, Khokhar M, Panigrahi P, Gadwal A, Setia P, Purohit P. Advancements, Challenges, and clinical implications of integration of metabolomics technologies in diabetic nephropathy. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119842. [PMID: 38969086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of diabetes, involves a range of renal abnormalities driven by metabolic derangements. Metabolomics, revealing dynamic metabolic shifts in diseases like DN and offering insights into personalized treatment strategies, emerges as a promising tool for improved diagnostics and therapies. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature review to examine how metabolomics contributes to the study of DN and the challenges associated with its implementation in clinical practice. We identified and assessed relevant studies that utilized metabolomics methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) to assess their efficacy in diagnosing DN. RESULTS Metabolomics unveils key pathways in DN progression, highlighting glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomarkers like glycated albumin and free fatty acids offer insights into DN nuances, guiding potential treatments. Metabolomics detects small-molecule metabolites, revealing disease-specific patterns for personalized care. CONCLUSION Metabolomics offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DN progression and holds promise for personalized medicine approaches. Further research in this field is warranted to elucidate additional metabolic pathways and identify novel biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapeutic interventions in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - M Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - P Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - A Gadwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - P Setia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - P Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India.
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Cho H, Huh KM, Shim MS, Cho YY, Lee JY, Lee HS, Kwon YJ, Kang HC. Selective delivery of imaging probes and therapeutics to the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus: Current strategies and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 212:115386. [PMID: 38971180 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
To maximize therapeutic effects and minimize unwanted effects, the interest in drug targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi apparatus (GA) has been recently growing because two organelles are distributing hubs of cellular building/signaling components (e.g., proteins, lipids, Ca2+) to other organelles and the plasma membrane. Their structural or functional damages induce organelle stress (i.e., ER or GA stress), and their aggravation is strongly related to diseases (e.g., cancers, liver diseases, brain diseases). Many efforts have been developed to image (patho)physiological functions (e.g., oxidative stress, protein/lipid-related processing) and characteristics (e.g., pH, temperature, biothiols, reactive oxygen species) in the target organelles and to deliver drugs for organelle disruption using organelle-targeting moieties. Therefore, this review will overview the structure, (patho)physiological functions/characteristics, and related diseases of the organelles of interest. Future direction on ER or GA targeting will be discussed by understanding current strategies and investigations on targeting, imaging/sensing, and therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Departments of Polymer Science and Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Controls and Materials of Regulated Cell Death, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Controls and Materials of Regulated Cell Death, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Controls and Materials of Regulated Cell Death, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Controls and Materials of Regulated Cell Death, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Suhadi Pasaribu R, Ibrahim Auerkari E, Winoto Suhartono A. Histogical changes in oral mucosa (gingiva) as a method for estimating post-mortem interval: A literature review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:980-983. [PMID: 39035559 PMCID: PMC11255919 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) is an essential step in forensic investigations, particularly those involving homicides and unwitnessed deaths. However, traditional methods occasionally yield inconsistent estimates. Histological and molecular techniques are considered crucial in forensic pathology and are frequently employed to estimate the time interval of death. The gingiva is an oral mucosal tissue used to estimate PMI. This review aimed to examine the potential of histological methods to determine PMI using oral mucosal tissue, namely the gingiva, and to investigate changes that occur in oral mucosal tissue at different time intervals when compared with those in normal tissues. The oral mucosa comprises layers of stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue. Similar to other body tissues, changes are known to occur in the gingiva after death, and these cellular and tissue changes should also be considered. Alterations in the gingiva include homogenisation, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, karyolysis, chromatin clumping, eosinophilia, collagen fibre degradation, and the loss of tissue architecture. Reviews collating the results of original trials have consistently reported how the oral mucosa is altered by autolysis and how such changes can be observed in histological tissue morphology after death. Histology is an acceptably accurate technique for estimating PMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roben Suhadi Pasaribu
- Division of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Division of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Antonius Winoto Suhartono
- Division of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Olopade EO, Morakinyo AE, Alao JO, Oyedepo TA. Effects of n-hexane fraction of Piper guineense seed extract on N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertension in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4095. [PMID: 39004810 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the n-hexane fraction of the ethanolic seed extract of PG (NFESEPG) on hypertension induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in rats. Specifically, the study examined the impact of NFESEPG on blood pressure, oxidative stress markers, NO concentration, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and arginase activities, and cardiac biomarkers in hypertensive rats. The study involved collecting, identifying, and processing the PG plant to obtain the ethanolic seed extract. The extract was then partitioned with solvents to isolate the n-hexane fraction. Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME for 10 days, while concurrent treatment with NFESEPG at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) was administered orally. Blood pressure was measured using a noninvasive tail-cuff method, and various biochemical parameters were assessed. Treatment with both doses of NFESEPG significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Additionally, NFESEPG administration increased NO concentration and decreased ACE and arginase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and cardiac biomarkers in hypertensive rats. The findings indicate that NFESEPG effectively lowered blood pressure in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME, potentially through mechanisms involving the modulation of oxidative stress, NO bioavailability, and cardiac biomarkers. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of NFESEPG in managing hypertension and related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jude Oluwapelumi Alao
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Bjørgen H, Brimsholm M, Asserson CF, Skaar K, Knutsen GM, Oaland Ø, Haldorsen R, Fjelldal PG, Hansen T, Rimstad E, Kleist BA, Lund-Iversen M, Kowalewski MP, Koppang EO. Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13988. [PMID: 38943363 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development, possibly leading to necrosis affecting not only myocytes but also adipocytes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible hypoxic conditions in RFCs and the subsequent inflammatory responses and lesions in the adipose tissue in RFCs and MFCs. A collection of RFCs, MFCs and control muscle samples from several groups of farmed salmon was studied. Using immunohistochemistry, we found induction of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway in RFCs. Histological investigations of RFCs and MFCs revealed different stages of fat necrosis, including necrotic adipocytes, a myospherulosis-like reaction and the formation of pseudocystic spaces. Accumulations of foamy macrophages were detected in MFCs, indicating degradation and phagocytosis of lipids. Using in situ hybridization, we showed the presence of tyrosinase- and tyrosinase-related protein-1-expressing amelanotic cells in RFCs, which in turn became melanized in MFCs. In conclusion, we propose a sequence of events leading to the formation of MFCs, highlighting the pivotal role of adiposity, hypoxia and fat necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Malin Brimsholm
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Kirstin Skaar
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Hansen
- Matre Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, Matredal, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Unit of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Mariusz Pawel Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Zhang X, Xing T, Zhang L, Zhao L, Gao F. Hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death is involved in the formation of wooden breast in broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:77. [PMID: 38840220 PMCID: PMC11155070 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wooden breast (WB) myopathy is a common myopathy found in commercial broiler chickens worldwide. Histological examination has revealed that WB myopathy is accompanied by damage to the pectoralis major (PM) muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of WB in broilers have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) in the formation of WB myopathy. RESULTS Histological examination and biochemical analysis were performed on the PM muscle of the control (CON) and WB groups. A significantly increased thickness of the breast muscle in the top, middle, and bottom portions (P<0.01) was found along with pathological structure damage of myofibers in the WB group. The number of capillaries per fiber in PM muscle, and the levels of pO2 and sO2 in the blood, were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the levels of pCO2 and TCO2 in the blood were significantly increased (P < 0.05), suggesting hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of the WB group. We further evaluated the PCD-related pathways including autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis to understand the consequence response to enhanced hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of birds with WB. The ratio of LC3 II to LC3 I, and the autophagy-related factors HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin1, AMPKα, and ULK1 at the mRNA and protein levels, were all significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), showing that autophagy occurred in the PM muscle of the WB group. The apoptotic index, as well as the expressions of Bax, Cytc, caspase 9, and caspase 3, were significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the WB-affected PM muscle, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, the expressions of necroptosis-related factors RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, as well as NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were all significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) in the WB-affected PM muscle. CONCLUSIONS The WB myopathy reduces blood supply and induces hypoxia in the PM muscle, which is closely related to the occurrence of PCD including apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis within myofibers, and finally leads to abnormal muscle damage and the development of WB in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P.R. China.
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Lo YL, Li CY, Chou TF, Yang CP, Wu LL, Chen CJ, Chang YH. Exploring in vivo combinatorial chemo-immunotherapy: Addressing p97 suppression and immune reinvigoration in pancreatic cancer with tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoformulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116660. [PMID: 38701563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely devastating nature with poor prognosis and increasing incidence, making it a formidable challenge in the global fight against cancer-related mortality. In this innovative preclinical investigation, the VCP/p97 inhibitor CB-5083 (CB), miR-142, a PD-L1 inhibitor, and immunoadjuvant resiquimod (R848; R) were synergistically encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). These SLNs demonstrated features of peptides targeting PD-L1, EGFR, and the endoplasmic reticulum, enclosed in a pH-responsive polyglutamic (PGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell. The homogeneous size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were stable for 28 days at 4°C. The study substantiated the concurrent modulation of key pathways by the CB, miR, and R-loaded nanoformulation, prominently affecting VCP/Bip/ATF6, PD-L1/TGF-β/IL-4, -8, -10, and TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-1, -12/GM-CSF/CCL4 pathways. This adaptable nanoformulation induced durable antitumor immune responses and inhibited Panc-02 tumor growth by enhancing T cell infiltration, dendritic cell maturation, and suppressing Tregs and TAMs in mice bearing Panc-02 tumors. Furthermore, tissue distribution studies, biochemical assays, and histological examinations highlighted enhanced safety with PGA and peptide-modified nanoformulations for CB, miR, and/or R in Panc-02-bearing mice. This versatile nanoformulation allows tailored adjustment of the tumor microenvironment, thereby optimizing the localized delivery of combined therapy. These compelling findings advocate the potential development of a pH-sensitive, three-in-one PGA-PEG nanoformulation that combines a VCP inhibitor, a PD-L1 inhibitor, and an immunoadjuvant for cancer treatment via combinatorial chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yao Li
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Mamun AA, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395479. [PMID: 38835782 PMCID: PMC11148235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin, being a multifaceted organ, performs a pivotal function in the complicated wound-healing procedure, which encompasses the triggering of several cellular entities and signaling cascades. Aberrations in the typical healing process of wounds may result in atypical scar development and the establishment of a persistent condition, rendering patients more vulnerable to infections. Chronic burns and wounds have a detrimental effect on the overall quality of life of patients, resulting in higher levels of physical discomfort and socio-economic complexities. The occurrence and frequency of prolonged wounds are on the rise as a result of aging people, hence contributing to escalated expenditures within the healthcare system. The clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic wounds continue to pose challenges despite the advancement of different therapeutic approaches. This is mainly owing to the prolonged treatment duration and intricate processes involved in wound healing. Many conventional methods, such as the administration of growth factors, the use of wound dressings, and the application of skin grafts, are used to ease the process of wound healing across diverse wound types. Nevertheless, these therapeutic approaches may only be practical for some wounds, highlighting the need to advance alternative treatment modalities. Novel wound care technologies, such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell treatment, and 3D bioprinting, aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, prioritize skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. This review provides an updated overview of recent advancements in chronic wound healing and therapeutic management using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Said YA, Hammad SF, Halim MI, El-Moneim AA, Osman A. Assessment of the therapeutic potential of a novel phosphoramidate acyclic nucleoside on induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat model. Life Sci 2024:122669. [PMID: 38677390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is renowned as a deadly primary cancer of hepatic origin. Sorafenib is the drug-of-choice for targeted treatment of unresectable end-stage HCC. Unfortunately, great proportion of HCC patients showed intolerance or unresponsiveness to treatment. This study assesses potency of novel ProTide; SH-PAN-19 against N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC in male Wistar rats, compared to Sorafenib. MAIN METHODS Structural entity of the synthesized compound was substantiated via FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. In vitro, SH-PAN-19 cytotoxicity was tested against 3 human cell lines; hepatocellular carcinoma; HepG-2, colorectal carcinoma; HCT-116 and normal fibroblasts; MRC-5. In vivo, therapeutic efficacy of SH-PAN-19 (300 mg/kg b.w./day) against HCC could be revealed and compared to that of Sorafenib (15 mg/kg b.w./day) by evaluating the morphometric, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular key markers. KEY FINDINGS SH-PAN-19 was relatively safe toward MRC-5 cells (IC50 = 307.6 μg/mL), highly cytotoxic to HepG-2 cells (IC50 = 24.9 μg/mL) and prominently hepato-selective (TSI = 12.35). Oral LD50 of SH-PAN-19 was >3000 mg/kg b.w. DEN-injected rats suffered hepatomegaly, oxidative stress, elevated liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, bilirubinemia and skyrocketed AFP plasma titre. SH-PAN-19 alleviated the DEN-induced alterations in apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammatory markers. SH-PAN-19 produced a 2.5-folds increase in Caspase-9 and downregulated VEGFR-2, IL-6, TNF-α, TGFβ-1, MMP-9 and CcnD-1 to levels comparable to that elicited by Sorafenib. SH-PAN-19 resulted in near-complete pathological response versus partial response achieved by Sorafenib. SIGNIFICANCE This research illustrated that SH-PAN-19 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent capable of restoring cellular plasticity and could stop HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Said
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam I Halim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Moneim
- Graphene Center of Excellence, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Basson C, Serem JC, Bipath P, Hlophe YN. L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid inhibited markers of cell survival in B16 F10 melanoma cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38570921 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy and remains a major cause of skin cancer mortality, highlighting the need for new treatment strategies. Recent findings revealed that L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid induce cytotoxicity and morphological changes in B16 F10 melanoma cells in vitro. This paper highlights the effects of L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid at previously determined half-maximal inhibitory concentrations on cell cycle progression, cell death and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibition. Melanoma, B16 F10 and murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells were used in this study, as both cell lines express all the enzymes associated with the kynurenine pathway. Post exposure to the compounds at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations, transmission electron microscopy was used to assess intracellular morphological changes. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle progression and quantify apoptosis via the dual staining of Annexin V and propidium iodide and cell survival via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations induced intracellular morphological changes representative of cell death. Flow cytometry revealed alterations in cell cycle distribution, increased apoptosis and significantly inhibition of cell survival. L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid are exogenous kynurenine compounds which inhibited cell survival through extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibition, induced cell cycle alterations and induced apoptosis in B16 F10 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlise Basson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - June Cheptoo Serem
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Nkondo Hlophe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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14
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Adewale OO, Oyelola RF, Adetuyi OA, Adebisi OA, Adekomi DA, Oladele JO. Water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera fruits as potential reno-protective agent against cisplatin-induced toxicity: pre- and post-treatment strategies. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38529813 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2329762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect of cisplatin, an effective platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is applicable in the treatment of several solid-tissue cancers. Studies have indicated that certain water-soluble phenolics offer renal protection. Thus, this study investigates the role of pre and post-treatment of rats with water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera (PdP) against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Rats were either orally pretreated or post-treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of PdP before or after exposure to a single therapeutic dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 successive days intraperitoneally. The protective effects of PdP against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was based on the evaluation of various biochemical and redox biomarkers, together with histopathological examination of kidney tissues. The composition, structural features, and antioxidative influence of PdP were determined based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and in vitro antioxidative models. Cisplatin single exposure led to a substantial increase in the tested renal function biomarkers (uric acid, creatinine, and urea levels), associated with an increase in malondialdehyde indicating lipid peroxidation and a significant decline (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the renal tissue when compared with the control group. A marked decline exists in the kidney antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD, and GPx). Nevertheless, treatment with PdP significantly suppressed the heightened renal function markers, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Spectroscopic analysis revealed significant medicinal phenolics, and in vitro tests demonstrated antioxidative properties. Taken together, results from this study indicate that pre- and/or post-treatment strategies of PdP could serve therapeutic purposes in cisplatin-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwatosin Adefunke Adetuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Abraham Adebisi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Damilare Adedayo Adekomi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Johnson Olaleye Oladele
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Phytochemical research unit, Royal Scientific Research Institute, Osogbo, Nigeria
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15
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Sivadasan D, Venkatesan K, Mohamed JMM, Alqahtani S, Asiri YI, Faisal MM, Ibrahim AE, Alrashdi YBA, Menaa F, Deeb SE. Application of 3 2 factorial design for loratadine-loaded nanosponge in topical gel formulation: comprehensive in-vitro and ex vivo evaluations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6361. [PMID: 38493177 PMCID: PMC10944529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Loratadine (LoR) is a highly lipophilic and practically insoluble in water, hence having a low oral bioavailability. As it is formulated as topical gel, it competitively binds with the receptors, thus reducing the side-effects. The objective of this study was to prepare LoR loaded nanosponge (LoR-NS) in gel for topical delivery. Nine different formulations of emulsion were prepared by solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethyl cellulose (EC), and dichloromethane (DCM). Based on 32 Full Factorial Design (FFD), optimization was carried out by varying the concentration of LOR:EC ratio and stirring rate. The preparations were subjected for the evaluation of particle size (PS), in vitro release, zeta potential (ZP) and entrapment efficiency (EE). The results revealed that the NS dispersion was nanosized with sustained release profiles and significant PS. The optimised formulation was formulated and incorporated into carbopol 934P hydrogel. The formulation was then examined to surface morphological characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which depicted spherical NS. Stability studies, undertaken for 2 months at 40 ± 2 °C/75 ± 5% RH, concluded to the stability of the formulation. The formulation did not cause skin irritation. Therefore, the prepared NS hydrogel proved to be a promising applicant for LoR as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS) for safe, sustained and controlled topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgaramani Sivadasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jizan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy & BioMedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saud Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya I Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mennatullah M Faisal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | | | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Medicine and Nanomedicine, Fluorotronics, Inc, and California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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16
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Tazarghi A, Bazoq S, Taziki Balajelini MH, Ebrahimi M, Hosseini SM, Razavi Nikoo H. Liver injury in COVID-19: an insight into pathobiology and roles of risk factors. Virol J 2024; 21:65. [PMID: 38491495 PMCID: PMC10943793 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a complex disease that can lead to fatal respiratory failure with extrapulmonary complications, either as a direct result of viral invasion in multiple organs or secondary to oxygen supply shortage. Liver is susceptible to many viral pathogens, and due to its versatile functions in the body, it is of great interest to determine how hepatocytes may interact with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. Liver injury is a major cause of death, and SARS-CoV-2 is suspected to contribute significantly to hepatopathy. Owing to the lack of knowledge in this field, further research is required to address these ambiguities. Therefore, we aimed to provide a comprehensive insight into host-virus interactions, underlying mechanisms, and associated risk factors by collecting results from epidemiological analyses and relevant laboratory experiments. Backed by an avalanche of recent studies, our findings support that liver injury is a sequela of severe COVID-19, and certain pre-existing liver conditions can also intensify the morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in synergy. Notably, age, sex, lifestyle, dietary habits, coinfection, and particular drug regimens play a decisive role in the final outcome and prognosis as well. Taken together, our goal was to unravel these complexities concerning the development of novel diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic approaches with a focus on prioritizing high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Tazarghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sahar Bazoq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Taziki Balajelini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Neonatal and Children's Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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17
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Mngwengwe L, Lugongolo MY, Ombinda-Lemboumba S, Ismail Y, Mthunzi-Kufa P. The effects of low-level laser therapy on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in HEK293/ACE2 cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300334. [PMID: 38041552 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a threat to public health due to its ability to undergo crucial mutations, increasing its infectivity and decreasing the vaccine's effectiveness. There is a need to find and introduce alternative and effective methods of controlling SARS-CoV-2. LLLT treats diseases by exposing cells or tissues to low levels of red and near-infrared light. The study aims to investigate for the first time the impact of LLLT on SARS-CoV-2 infected HEK293/ACE2 cells and compare them to uninfected ones. Cells were irradiated at 640 nm, at different fluences. Subsequently, the effects of laser irradiation on the virus and cells were assessed using biological assays. Irradiated uninfected cells showed no changes in cell viability and cytotoxicity, while there were changes in irradiated infected cells. Furthermore, uninfected irradiated cells showed no luciferase activity while laser irradiation reduced luciferase activity in infected cells. Under SEM, there was a clear difference between the infected and uninfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luleka Mngwengwe
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Laser Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, University Road Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Yaseera Ismail
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, University Road Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Laser Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, University Road Westville, Durban, South Africa
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Turano E, Scambi I, Bonafede R, Dusi S, Angelini G, Lopez N, Marostica G, Rossi B, Furlan R, Constantin G, Mariotti R, Bonetti B. Extracellular vesicles from adipose mesenchymal stem cells target inflamed lymph nodes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:276-285. [PMID: 38231166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach in inflammatory neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent lines of evidence indicate that most biological activities of ASCs are mediated by the delivery of soluble factors enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that small EVs derived from ASCs (ASC-EVs) ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. The precise mechanisms and molecular/cellular target of EVs during EAE are still unknown. METHODS To investigate the homing of ASC-EVs, we intravenously injected small EVs loaded with ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) at disease onset in EAE-induced C57Bl/6J mice. Histochemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy were carried out 48 h after EV treatment. Moreover, to assess the cellular target of EVs, flow cytometry on cells extracted ex vivo from EAE mouse lymph nodes was performed. RESULTS Histochemical and ultrastructural analysis showed the presence of labeled EVs in lymph nodes but not in lungs and spinal cord of EAE injected mice. Moreover, we identified the cellular target of EVs in EAE lymph nodes by flow cytometry: ASC-EVs were preferentially located in macrophages, with a consistent amount also noted in dendritic cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS This represents the first direct evidence of the privileged localization of ASC-EVs in draining lymph nodes of EAE after systemic injection. These data provide prominent information on the distribution, uptake and retention of ASC-EVs, which may help in the development of EV-based therapy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanna Turano
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Bonafede
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelini
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Lopez
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Marostica
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy.
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19
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Kakavandi S, Hajikhani B, Azizi P, Aziziyan F, Nabi-Afjadi M, Farani MR, Zalpoor H, Azarian M, Saadi MI, Gharesi-Fard B, Terpos E, Zare I, Motamedifar M. COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38360719 PMCID: PMC10868124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods. Against this background, the present study aimed to delineate the relationship between HDMs and the novel COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides, effective treatment options for HDM cases were further explored to address this epidemic and its variants. Therefore, learning about how COVID-19 manifests in these patients, along with exploiting the most appropriate treatments, may lead to the development of treatment and care strategies by clinicians and researchers to help patients recover faster. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Azizi
- Psychological and Brain Science Departments, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co., Ltd., Shiraz, 7178795844, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Peng W, Polajžer T, Yao C, Miklavčič D. Dynamics of Cell Death Due to Electroporation Using Different Pulse Parameters as Revealed by Different Viability Assays. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:22-35. [PMID: 37704904 PMCID: PMC10761553 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cell death due to electroporation are still not well understood. Recent studies suggest that cell death due to electroporation is not an immediate all-or-nothing response but rather a dynamic process that occurs over a prolonged period of time. To investigate whether the dynamics of cell death depends on the pulse parameters or cell lines, we exposed different cell lines to different pulses [monopolar millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, and high-frequency bipolar (HFIRE)] and then assessed viability at different times using different viability assays. The dynamics of cell death was observed by changes in metabolic activity and membrane integrity. In addition, regardless of pulse or cell line, the dynamics of cell death was observed only at high electroporation intensities, i.e., high pulse amplitudes and/or pulse number. Considering the dynamics of cell death, the clonogenic assay should remain the preferred viability assay for assessing viability after electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chenguo Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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21
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Sharma A, Anurag, Kaur J, Kesharwani A, Parihar VK. Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: An Update on Alternative for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. Med Chem 2024; 20:576-596. [PMID: 38584534 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064277579240328142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has encountered an increasing demand for plant-based natural antibiotics. This demand has led to more research-based investigations for natural sources of antimicrobial agents and published reports demonstrating that plant extracts are widely applied in modern medicine, reporting potential activity that may be due to polyphenol compounds. Interestingly, the effects of polyphenols on the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics have not been well-studied. Hence, the current review encompasses the prospective application of plant-based phenolic extracts from plants of Indian origin. The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased the inefficacy of many antimicrobial drugs. Several strategies have been developed in recent times to overcome this issue. A combination of antimicrobial agents is employed for the failing antibiotics, which restores the desirable effect but may have toxicity-related issues. Phytochemicals such as some polyphenols have demonstrated their potent activity as antimicrobial agents of natural origin to work against resistance issues. These agents alone or in combination with certain antibiotics have been shown to enhance the antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of microbes. However, the information regarding the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships remains elusive. The present review also focuses on the possible mechanisms of natural compounds based on their structure- activity relationships for incorporating polyphenolic compounds in the drug-development processes. Besides this work, polyphenols could reduce drug dosage and may diminish the unhidden or hidden side effects of antibiotics. Pre-clinical findings have provided strong evidence that polyphenolic compounds, individually and in combination with already approved antibiotics, work well against the development of resistance. However, more studies must focus on in vivo results, and clinical research needs to specify the importance of polyphenol-based antibacterials in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut (UP), 250005, India
| | - Anurag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut (UP), 250005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, 226002, UP, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, 844102, Hajipur, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, 844102, Hajipur, India
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McKay ME, Baseler L, Beblow J, Cleveland M, Marlatt VL. Comparative subchronic toxicity of copper and a tertiary copper mixture to early life stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): impacts on growth, development, and histopathology. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:1-21. [PMID: 38112924 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to characterize and compare the subchronic impacts of Cu to a Cu, Cd, and Zn mixture in early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by examining uptake, survival, growth, development, and histopathology parameters. To accomplish this, rainbow trout were exposed for 31 days from eyed embryos to the swim-up fry life stage to waterborne Cu (31, 47, 70, and 104 μg/L) individually or as mixture containing Cd (4.1, 6.2, 9.3, and 14 μg/L) and Zn (385, 578, 867, and 1300 μg/L). Exposures elicited pronounced effects on survival when Cu was administered as a mixture (LC25 = 32.9 μg/L Cu) versus individually (LC25 = 46.3 μg/L Cu). Mixtures of Cu, Cd, and Zn also elicited more pronounced sublethal toxicity relative to equivalent Cu treatments with respect to reduced yolk sac resorption and increased incidence and/or severity of gill, liver, and kidney lesions. Our findings of reduced body weight (EC10, Cu = 55.0 μg/L Cu; EC10, Cu+Cd+Zn = 58.9 μg/L Cu), yolk sac resorption (LOECCu = 70 μg/L Cu; LOECCu+Cd+Zn = 70 μg/L Cu), coelomic fat (LOECCu = 47 μg/L Cu; LOECCu+Cd+Zn = 70 μg/L Cu), and increased hepatocellular cytoplasmic vacuolation (LOECCu = 70 μg/L Cu; LOECCu+Cd+Zn = 47 μg/L Cu) collectively indicate a complicated metabolic interference by metals in exposed fish. These lethal and sublethal effects observed in the laboratory could translate to reduced survival and fitness of wild salmonid populations inhabiting waterbodies receiving wastewater or runoff containing multiple metals at elevated concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E McKay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | | | - Jordan Beblow
- Gitanyow Fisheries Authority, Kitwanga, BC, V0J 2A0, Canada
| | - Mark Cleveland
- Gitanyow Fisheries Authority, Kitwanga, BC, V0J 2A0, Canada
| | - Vicki L Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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23
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Olcar HN, Isildar B, Ozkan S, Ercin M, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Koyuturk M. Investigation of conditioned medium properties obtained from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells preconditioned with dimethyloxalylglycine in a correlation with ultrastructural changes. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:159-171. [PMID: 37728208 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold significant therapeutic value due to their regeneration abilities, migration capacity, and immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties. These cells secrete soluble and insoluble factors, and this complex secretome contributes to their therapeutic effect. Furthermore, stimulation of cells by various external stimuli lead to secretome modifications that can increase the therapeutic efficacy. So, this study examined the effect of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a hypoxia-mimetic agent, on secretome profiles and exosome secretions of MSCs by evaluating conditioned medium (CM) and ultrastructural morphologies of the cells in comparison with unpreconditioned MSCs. The appropriate dose and duration of the use of DMOG were determined as 1000 μM and 24 h by evaluating the HIF-1α expression. DMOG-CM and N-CM were collected from MSCs incubated in serum-free medium with/without DMOG for 24 h, respectively. The content analysis of conditioned mediums (CMs) revealed that VEGF, NGF, and IL-4 levels were increased in DMOG-CM. Subsequently, exosomes were isolated from the CMs and were shown by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis in both groups. The effects of CMs on proliferation and migration were determined by in vitro wound healing tests; both CMs increased the fibroblast's migratory and proliferative capacities. According to the ultrastructural evaluation, autophagosome, autolysosome, myelin figure, and microvesicular body structures were abundant in DMOG-preconditioned MSCs. Consistent with the high number of autophagic vacuoles, Beclin-1 expression was increased in those cells. These findings suggested that DMOG could alter MSCs' secretion profile, modify their ultrastructural morphology accordingly, and make the CM a more potent therapeutic tool. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Preconditioning mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with dimethyloxalylglycine, a hypoxia-mimetic agent, could modify cellular metabolism. Hypoxic mechanisms lead to alterations in the ultrastructural characteristics of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Preconditioning with dimethyloxalylglycine leads to ultrastructural and metabolic changes of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells along with modifications in their secretome profiles. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells could render them a more potent therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Nurdan Olcar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Isildar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serbay Ozkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ercin
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Poulios C, Karagkiozaki V, Kapoukranidou D, Chakim Z, Zarampoukas T, Foroglou N, Logothetidis S. Bringing pathology to nanomedicine: a comparison of in vivo toxicity of polymeric nanoparticle carriers with and without chitosan coating. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:775-786. [PMID: 37402995 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there has been an increasing number of proposals for the use of nanomaterials in medicine. The safety of novel technologies must be verified, prior to their clinical application. Pathology has much to contribute towards this end. In this study, we compared the in vivo toxicity effects of poly- (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles with and without chitosan shell. Both nanoparticle types were loaded with curcumin. The nanoparticles were assessed in vitro for potential cytotoxicity with cell viability studies. For the in vivo test, 36 adult Wistar rats were used, four of which were the control group. The remaining 32 were divided into 2 groups, each of which was administered differentially coated drug carriers: (A) nanoparticles without chitosan coating and (B) nanoparticles with chitosan coating. For both groups, the subcutaneous route was used for administration. Each group was further divided into 2 sub-groups of 8 animals each. The animals of the first sub-groups were sacrificed 24 h after the injection and those of the second on the 7th day. The control group was also divided into 2 subgroups of 2 animals each. At the appointed post-administrative date, the rats were sacrificed, and specimens from the brain, liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, lungs, and from the skin at the injection site were collected and studied histopathologically. The evaluation of both in vitro and in vivo testing shows that nanoparticles with chitosan have significantly less, if any, toxic effects compared to those without chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Poulios
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- European Society of Pathology, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Varvara Karagkiozaki
- Laboratory of Thin Films, Nanobiomaterials-Nanosystems and Nanometrology, Faculty of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- BL NanoBiomed, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dorothea Kapoukranidou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zena Chakim
- Laboratory of Thin Films, Nanobiomaterials-Nanosystems and Nanometrology, Faculty of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- BL NanoBiomed, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Zarampoukas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Foroglou
- Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios Logothetidis
- Laboratory of Thin Films, Nanobiomaterials-Nanosystems and Nanometrology, Faculty of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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25
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Cepeda DF, Ascari J, de Oliveira MS, Antonioli G, Barcellos T, Anholeto LA, Nunes PH. Effect of Tagetes minuta essential oil on the central nervous system of unfed Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato 'tropical lineage' ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:697-714. [PMID: 37985606 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato 'tropical lineage' (Acari: Ixodidae) is considered a sanitary concern due to its role as a disease vector. Tick strains resistant to synthetic acaricides have caused difficulties in their control, besides synthetic acaricides are harmful to the environment and to the health of non-target animals. The research of plants with acaricidal and repellent properties has proved to be an efficient alternative in tick control. The genus Tagetes spp. excels for its use as traditional pest control in households and plantations and also for its potential as an acaricide against R. sanguineus under laboratory conditions. The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of Tagetes minuta essential oil (TMEO) on the central nervous system (synganglion) in unfed R. sanguineus adults. The histological analysis of synganglion exposed to the different concentrations of TMEO and amitraz 12.5% (50% of the recommended dose in the package insert) showed a significant effect with signs of cell damage including volume increase, loss of shape, and vacuolization, in addition to chromatin alterations such as condensation, margination, and fragmentation. TMEO were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showing the presence of 21 compounds that according to their chemical structure are classified as terpenoids. Among them (Z)-β-ocimene, ocimene, (Z)-tagetone, and verbenone were found in major quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernando Cepeda
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Paraná, 85870-901, Brazil.
| | - Jociani Ascari
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Câmpus Santa Helena, Santa Helena, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Murilo Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Câmpus Santa Helena, Santa Helena, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Antonioli
- Universidade de Caixas do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas St, 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Universidade de Caixas do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas St, 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Adriano Anholeto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, Caixa Postal 339, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Pablo Henrique Nunes
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Paraná, 85870-901, Brazil
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26
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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Exposure to real ambient particulate matter inflicts cardiac electrophysiological disturbances, vascular calcification, and mitochondrial bioenergetics decline more than diesel particulate matter: consequential impact on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97518-97530. [PMID: 37594712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) present in the air sample comprises different sizes and is derived from multiple sources, in particular from diesel engines. In the present study, we assessed the cardiotoxic effect of PM2.5 from real ambient air sample and diesel vehicular exhaust from a specific location and compared it with SRM-2975. Female Wistar rats were exposed to PM2.5 from real ambient PM (RA_PM), diesel particulate matter (DPM), and SRM-2975 for 3h daily for 21 days followed by cardiotoxicity assessment. Twenty-one days of daily PM2.5 exposure induced hypertrophy, vascular calcification, and alterations in cardiac electrophysiology, where the changes were more prominent in the animals exposed to RA_PM. The gross pathological changes were supported by altered mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress in the myocardium. To evaluate the cardiac responsive ability, isolated rat hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR), and the results showed significantly low recovery in the RA_PM-exposed rat hearts. Chemical analysis of PM2.5 by ICPMS from different sources indicated the presence of additional metals like Cr, Ni, Ga, As, Rb, Cd, Ba, La, and Ce in the RA_PM sample. Additionally, the chelation of metals in the RA_PM enhanced the cell viability of H9c2 cells when compared to the non-chelated sample. Based on the above observations, we conclude that PM2.5 from the ambient air sample exhibited higher cardiovascular toxicity than DPM, emphasizing the contribution of non-diesel components of PM2.5 and the need for a comprehensive approach to tackle the PM2.5 in the air sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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27
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Jaiswal J, Srivastav AK, Rajput PK, Yadav UCS, Kumar U. Integrating Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and In Silico Studies of Cordycepin-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12225-12236. [PMID: 37526599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin gets rapidly metabolized in the body into inactive form due to its structural similarity to adenosine, thus inhibiting its development as a medicinal agent. This study was aimed to improve the solubility and stability of cordycepin, a potential drug with known antiproliferative activity, by encapsulating it in bovine serum albumin: β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. Cordycepin-loaded nanoparticles (CLNPs) were synthesized using the antisolvent method and characterized thoroughly using various techniques. Our dynamic light scattering measurement showed a particle size and zeta potential of 160 ± 2.75 nm and -20.21 ± 2.1 mV, respectively, for CLNPs. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that particles were spherical in morphology. These CLNPs showed sustained release of cordycepin with encapsulation and loading efficiency of 81.62 ± 1.5 and 27.02 ± 2.0%, respectively, based on high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-vis studies. Based on differential scanning calorimetry and zeta potential studies, CLNPs improve cordycepin stability and solubility. Our molecular simulations and binding energy calculation also showed favorable protein interaction between cordycepin, bovine serum albumin, and β-cyclodextrin, further supporting the notion of improved stability. In vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cellular uptake studies on breast cancer cells showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had greater cytotoxicity as compared to free cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Jaiswal
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastav
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Rajput
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
- Nutrition Biology Department, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
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28
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Gupta A, Chakole S, Agrawal S, Khekade H, Prasad R, Lohakare T, Wanjari M. Emerging Insights Into Necroptosis: Implications for Renal Health and Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e43609. [PMID: 37719475 PMCID: PMC10504449 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that has gained increasing attention in recent years. It plays a significant role in various physiological and pathological processes, including renal health and disease. This review article provides an overview of necroptosis as a regulated cell death pathway and explores its implications in renal physiology and renal diseases. The molecular signaling pathways involved in necroptosis, including the key players such as receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), are discussed in detail. The crosstalk between necroptosis and other cell death pathways, particularly apoptosis, is explored to understand the interplay between these processes in renal cells. In normal physiological conditions, necroptosis has been found to play a crucial role in renal development and tissue homeostasis. However, dysregulated necroptosis can contribute to tissue damage, inflammation, and fibrosis in renal diseases. The review highlights the involvement of necroptosis in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal transplant rejection, elucidating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and consequences. The therapeutic targeting of necroptosis in renal diseases is an emerging area of interest. Current and emerging strategies to modulate necroptosis, including the inhibition of key mediators and regulators, are discussed here. Additionally, the potential therapeutic targets and inhibitors of necroptosis, along with preclinical and clinical studies exploring their efficacy, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Suyash Agrawal
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshal Khekade
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejaswee Lohakare
- Child Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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29
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Duranova H, Fialkova V, Simora V, Bilcikova J, Massanyi P, Lukac N, Knazicka Z. Impacts of iron on ultrastructural features of NCI-H295R cell line related to steroidogenesis. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152056. [PMID: 37321134 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study was intended to evaluate impacts of both iron (Fe) enrichment and overload (in the form of ferrous sulphate heptahydrate, FeSO4.7H2O) on ultrastructural characteristics of human adrenocarcinoma NCI-H295R cell line. Here, the NCI-H295R cells were treated with 0, 3.90, and 1000 µM FeSO4.7H2O, and consequently proceeded for purposes of ultrastructural studies. Micrographs taken under transmission electron microscope (TEM) were investigated from the qualitative and quantitative (unbiased stereological approaches) aspects, and obtained findings were compared among the three groups of the cells. The ultrastructural features related to the steroidogenic process were found to be similar between the untreated and both Fe-exposed cell populations, with conspicuous mitochondria with well-defined lamellar cristae (creating clusters of varying sizes in the regions of increased energy demands) and concentric whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) being the most noticeable characteristics. The precise estimates of the component (volume, surface) fractions of the nucleus, mitochondria, and lipid droplets (LDs), as well as of the nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio have revealed close similarities (P > 0.05) in all cell groups investigated. Nonetheless, the low concentration of FeSO4.7H2O exhibited beneficial action on ultrastructural organization of the NCI-H295R cells. In effect, these cells were distinguished by mitochondria with smoother surfaces and clearer outlines, higher density of thin, parallel lamellar cristae (deeply extending into the mitochondrial matrix), and more widespread distribution of fine SER tubules as compared to the control ones, all of them suggesting higher level of energy requirements and metabolic activity, and more intensive rate of steroidogenesis. Interestingly, no obvious ultrastructural modifications were observed in the NCI-H295R cells treated with high FeSO4.7H2O concentration. This finding can be linked to either an adaptive ultrastructural machinery of these cells to cope with the adverse effect of the element or to insufficient dose of FeSO4.7H2O (1000 µM) to induce ultrastructural signs of cytotoxicity. Purposefully, the results of the current study complement our previous paper dealing with impacts of FeSO4.7H2O on the NCI-H295R cell viability and steroidogenesis at the molecular level. Hence, they fill a knowledge gap considering structure-function coupling in this cellular model system upon the metal exposure. This integrated approach can enhance our understanding of the cellular responses to Fe enrichment and overload which can be helpful for individuals with reproductive health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Simora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Bilcikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Knazicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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30
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Antoniou A, Spanoudes K, Damianou C. Treatment of mammary cancer with focused ultrasound: A pilot study in canine and feline patients. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:106974. [PMID: 36917874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, veterinary medicine has expanded its practices beyond conventional methods, gradually integrating the Focused Ultrasound (FUS) technology in the care of companion animals like dogs and cats. The current study aimed to examine the feasibility and provide insights into the application of thermal FUS in canine and feline mammary cancer therapy. FUS was delivered by a 2-MHz single-element spherically focused ultrasonic transducer as integrated with an existing robotic positioning device. The functionality of the FUS system and sonication protocol in efficiently and safely ablating live tissue was initially validated in a rabbit thigh model in a laboratory environment. Nine (9) dogs and cats with superficial mammary cancer were recruited through a dedicated campaign according to specific safety criteria. The veterinary patients underwent FUS ablation followed by immediate surgical resection of the entire malignancy. Histopathology examination demonstrated well-defined regions of coagulative necrosis in all treated tumors with no off-target damage. Further study with a larger patient population is needed to confirm the current findings and demonstrate the safety and feasibility of complete FUS ablation of deep-seated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Antoniou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Kyriakos Spanoudes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Mawambo G, Oubaha M, Ichiyama Y, Blot G, Crespo-Garcia S, Dejda A, Binet F, Diaz-Marin R, Sawchyn C, Sergeev M, Juneau R, Kaufman RJ, Affar EB, Mallette FA, Wilson AM, Sapieha P. HIF1α-dependent hypoxia response in myeloid cells requires IRE1α. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:145. [PMID: 37344842 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to low oxygen tension triggers primitive pathways that ensure proper cell function. Conditions of hypoxia and low glucose are characteristic of injured tissues and hence successive waves of inflammatory cells must be suited to function under low oxygen tension and metabolic stress. While Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α has been shown to be essential for the inflammatory response of myeloid cells by regulating the metabolic switch to glycolysis, less is known about how HIF1α is triggered in inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that cells of the innate immune system require activity of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α/XBP1) axis in order to initiate HIF1α-dependent production of cytokines such as IL1β, IL6 and VEGF-A. Knockout of either HIF1α or IRE1α in myeloid cells ameliorates vascular phenotypes in a model of retinal pathological angiogenesis driven by sterile inflammation. Thus, pathways associated with ER stress, in partnership with HIF1α, may co-regulate immune adaptation to low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Mawambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Malika Oubaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Départment de Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, H2X 1L4, Canada
| | - Yusuke Ichiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Blot
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T1P1, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - François Binet
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Christina Sawchyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Mikhail Sergeev
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Rachel Juneau
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, 5415 De L'Assomption Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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Chen H, Xiao L, Jiang L, Wang X, Tang Y. Autochthonous DOM had solar disinfection effect but nitrate counteracted with them. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131027. [PMID: 36889074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens in natural water can pose great threat to public health and challenge water quality. In sunlit surface water, dissolved organic matters (DOMs) can inactivate pathogens due to their photochemical activity. However, the photoreactivity of autochthonous DOM derived from different source and their interaction with nitrate on photo-inactivation remained limited understood. In this study, the composition and photoreactivity of DOM extracted from Microcystis (ADOM), submerged aquatic plant (PDOM) and river water (RDOM) were studied. Results revealed that lignin and tannin-like polyphenols and polymeric aromatic compounds negatively correlated with quantum yield of 3DOM*, whilst lignin like molecules positively correlated with •OH generation. ADOM had highest photoinactivation efficiency of E. coli, followed by RDOM and PDOM. Both the photogenerated •OH and low energy 3DOM* could inactivate bacteria damaging cell membrane and causing increase of intracellular reactive species. PDOM with more phenolic or polyphenols compounds not only weaken its photoreactivity, also increase regrowth potential of bacteria after photodisinfection. The presence of nitrate counteracted with autochthonous DOMs on photogeneration of •OH and photodisinfection activity, as well as increased the reactivation rate of PDOM and ADOM, which might be attributed to the increase of survival bacteria and more bioavailable fractions provided in systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Chen
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; Ecology and Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, 109, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lin Xiao
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Tang
- State Key laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
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Gadotti CP, de Oliveira JM, de Oliveira Bender JM, de Souza Lima MDF, Taques GR, Quináia SP, Romano MA, Romano RM. Prepubertal to adulthood exposure to low doses of glyphosate-based herbicide increases the expression of the Havcr1 (Kim1) biomarker and causes mild kidney alterations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116496. [PMID: 37001608 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a nonselective and postemergent herbicide used to combat weeds in several crops, which raises concerns about risks to human health since residues are detected in urine, human milk, surface water and several types of food. Feces and urine are the major routes of elimination of glyphosate, making the kidney a sensitive target for the development of toxicity. In fact, farmers are at high risk of developing chronic kidney disease. In this sense, this study aims to investigate kidney function by measuring the serum levels of urea and creatinine, examining the histological morphology, and analyzing the mRNA expression of genes related to tubular transport of ions, urea and urates and the biomarker of kidney disease Kim1, and the levels of lead in the kidney in male Wistar rats orally exposed to low levels of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH: 0, 0.5 or 5 mg/kg) from weaning to adult life by gavage. GBH0.5 showed reduced serum urea concentration, presence of tubulointerstitial swelling and mononuclear cell infiltration into the interstitium, increased gene expression of Kim1 and reduced gene expression of Slc14a1. GBH5 showed reduced serum urea and increased serum creatinine concentrations, tubulointerstitial swelling, interstitial fibrosis, and reduced expression of Trpm6 and Trpv5. Exposure to GBH did not affect the levels of Pb in the kidneys of animals. In conclusion, glyphosate at low doses may cause mild kidney damage. It is necessary to evaluate whether the long-term effects of this constant injury may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology.
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Guerrero-Urbina C, Fors M, Vásquez B, Fonseca G, Rodríguez-Guerrero M. Histological changes in lingual striated muscle tissue of human cadavers to estimate the postmortem interval. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:16-23. [PMID: 35763190 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there are physiological methods to determine the postmortem interval (PMI), interval forensic histopathology can be applied to obtain accuracy. The aim was to describe the histological changes in human lingual striated musculature at different PMI. Seven groups were formed according to increasing PMI of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h postmortem (PM). Each group was made up of 16 samples of tongues from each cadaver. The samples were fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 10% and processed for embedding in paraplast. Section 5 μm thick were cut and dyed with H&E for analysis. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador. The histological changes in the striated muscle cells of the tongue were associated with the different PMI. From 6 to 24 h PM, there were initial changes in the cellular and nuclear morphology. At 48 h PM, at least 50% of the samples presented poorly conserved and reduced muscle striations. At 72 h PM, 100% of the cases presented myofibers with altered morphology, cytoplasmic vacuoles (93.75%), edema (68.55%) and pyknosis (93.75%). At 96 and 120 h PM, the myofibers presented pyknotic nuclei, and they were absent in the rest. The changes in the histology of the human lingual striated muscle make it possible to estimate the PMI, either in the early phase (0-72 h) or the late phase (92-120 h). However, further research is needed to verify, refine and expand on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clivia Guerrero-Urbina
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador.,Legal Medicine Unit, Policía Nacional del Ecuador, Zone 9, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha Fors
- Medicine School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avenida 18 de Septiembre, Arica, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Fonseca
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center for Research in Forensic and Legal Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Draper M, Bester M, Van Rooy M, Oberholzer H. Adverse pulmonary effects after oral exposure to copper, manganese and mercury, alone and in mixtures, in a Spraque-Dawley rat model. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:146-159. [PMID: 36857290 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2184891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise in respiratory disease has been attributed to an increase in environmental pollution. Heavy metals contribute to environmental contamination via air, water, soil and food. The effects of atmospheric exposure to heavy metals on pulmonary structure and function have been researched, but the effects through drinking water have been neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential in vivo alterations in the pulmonary tissue of male Sprague-Dawley rats after a 28-day oral exposure to copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg), alone and in mixtures, at 100 times the World Health Organization's (WHO) safety limit for each heavy metal in drinking water. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6): control, Cu, Mn, Hg, Cu + Mn, Cu + Hg, Mn + Hg and Cu, Mn + Hg. The morphology of lung tissue and the bronchioles were evaluated using light- and transmission electron microscopy. For all exposed groups, morphological changes included thickened inter- and intra-alveolar spaces, stratified epithelium, disrupted smooth muscle and early fibrosis and desquamation of the epithelia of the bronchioles to varying degrees. In all exposed groups, ultrastructurally, an increase in disarranged collagen and elastin fibers, nuclear membrane detachment, chromatin condensation, indistinct nucleoli and an increase in collagen fiber disarrangement was observed. This study has identified that oral exposure to Cu, Mn and Hg and as part of mixtures caused pathogenesis due to inflammation, cellular damage and fibrosis with Mn + Hg being the most potent heavy metal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Draper
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Mj Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - M Van Rooy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Hm Oberholzer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
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Abstract
The biophysical response of the human body to electric current is widely appreciated as a barometer of fluid distribution and cell function. From distinct raw bioelectrical impedance (BIA) variables assessed in the field of body composition, phase angle (PhA) has been repeatedly indicated as a functional marker of the cell's health and mass. Although resistance training (RT) programs have demonstrated to be effective to improve PhA, with varying degrees of change depending on other raw BIA variables, there is still limited research explaining the biological mechanisms behind these changes. Here, we aim to provide the rationale for the responsiveness of PhA determinants to RT, as well as to summarize all available evidence addressing the effect of varied RT programs on PhA of different age groups. Available data led us to conclude that RT modulates the cell volume by increasing the levels of intracellular glycogen and water, thus triggering structural and functional changes in different cell organelles. These alterations lead, respectively, to shifts in the resistive path of the electric current (resistance, R) and capacitive properties of the human body (reactance, Xc), which ultimately impact PhA, considering that it is the angular transformation of the ratio between Xc and R. Evidence drawn from experimental research suggests that RT is highly effective for enhancing PhA, especially when adopting high-intensity, volume, and duration RT programs combining other types of exercise. Still, additional research exploring the effects of RT on whole-body and regional BIA variables of alternative population groups is recommended for further knowledge development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, , Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Gil B Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, , Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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The Dual Role of Oxidative-Stress-Induced Autophagy in Cellular Senescence: Comprehension and Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010169. [PMID: 36671032 PMCID: PMC9854717 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The contemporary lifestyle of the last decade has undeniably caused a tremendous increase in oxidative-stress-inducing environmental sources. This phenomenon is not only connected with the rise of ROS levels in multiple tissues but is also associated with the induction of senescence in different cell types. Several signaling pathways that are associated with the reduction in ROS levels and the regulation of the cell cycle are being activated, so that the organism can battle deleterious effects. Within this context, autophagy plays a significant role. Through autophagy, cells can maintain their homeostasis, as if it were a self-degradation process, which removes the "wounded" molecules from the cells and uses their materials as a substrate for the creation of new useful cell particles. However, the role of autophagy in senescence has both a "dark" and a "bright" side. This review is an attempt to reveal the mechanistic aspects of this dual role. Nanomedicine can play a significant role, providing materials that are able to act by either preventing ROS generation or controllably inducing it, thus functioning as potential therapeutic agents regulating the activation or inhibition of autophagy.
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Comparative Research on Intestinal Functions of Wild and Cultured Hemibarbus maculatus in Jialing River. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020189. [PMID: 36670729 PMCID: PMC9854878 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemibarbus maculatus is a common economic fish in the midstream and downstream of the Jialing River. In order to resolve the difficulties in aquacultural cultivation, we tested the intestinal and liver digestive function of wild and cultured Hemibarbus maculatus. Histological methods and special biochemical staining methods were used to compare the differences of morphological structure, goblet cells, argyrophil cells, lymphocytes and Na+/K+ATPase in the intestine, and the morphological structure, glycogen and lipid in the liver between the two kinds of Hemibarbus maculatus. The results showed that higher amount of fat was found to attached to the gut, lower Na+/K+ATPase vitality in the foregut and hidgut (p < 0.01) and lower number of goblet cells in the hindgut (p < 0.01) of the cultured Hemibarbus maculatus when compared to the wild ones. The number of the argyrophilic cells did not show significant differences between the two kinds, but the number of lymphocytes was significantly lower in the segments of gut in cultured. This suggests the absorptive function and intestinal immunity are weaker in the cultured Hemibarbus maculatus. In addition, more glycogen and lipid were found in the liver of cultured fishes, which indicates the decreased digestive function of the cultured Hemibarbus maculatus. In conclusion, the intestinal digestion, absorption and lymphocytes level of the wild are generally better than those of the cultured, and more hepatic lipopexia and glycogen are present in the cultured ones. Future aquacultural activities should consider these changes when facing pragmatic problems.
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Al-Tabbal J, Al-Jedaih M, Al-Zboon KK, Alrawashdeh KAB. Mitigation of salinity stress effects on kochia ( Bassia scoparia L.) biomass productivity using biochar application. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1463-1473. [PMID: 36600578 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2164248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity continues to be a key factor limiting food security and agricultural sustainability in arid and semi-arid countries. Biochar has been promoted to reduce the risk of saline irrigation. In a controlled study, physiological and morphological growth factors of kochia plants that were irrigated with tap water (S1) and saline water (S2) were assessed to identify the ameliorative effects of biochar amendment to the soil at different levels (B1: 0%, B2: 2%, B3: 5%, and B4: 10%. According to our findings, salinity stress negatively affected morphological and physiological growth parameters of kochia plants by decreasing the fresh and dry weight (25% and 28%, respectively), plant height (30%), circumference (46%), total chlorophyll (51%), and relative water content (29%) when compared to the controls. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage increased considerably (19%) due to salt stress. Significant morphological and physiological growth enhancements were seen at all biochar levels in comparison to the control treatment, with the highest level increasing plant height by 55%, circumference by 76%, total chlorophyll concentrations by 121%, and relative water content by 28%. Furthermore, it resulted in a 36% reduction in the stressed plants' electrolyte leakage. The findings demonstrated biochar's benefits in reducing salinity's negative effects on kochia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Al-Tabbal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Al‑Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Huson, Jordan
| | - Maamoun Al-Jedaih
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Al‑Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Huson, Jordan
| | - Kamel K Al-Zboon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Al‑Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Huson, Jordan
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Fadulemulla IA, AlShammari AD, ElHussein N, Seifeldin SA, AlShammari QT. Evaluation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury of Knee Joint Using Magnetic Resonances Imaging. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/lxagvnoxis] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Rai GK, Kumar P, Choudhary SM, Kosser R, Khanday DM, Choudhary S, Kumar B, Magotra I, Kumar RR, Ram C, Rouphael Y, Corrado G, Behera TK. Biomimetic Strategies for Developing Abiotic Stress-Tolerant Tomato Cultivars: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:86. [PMID: 36616215 PMCID: PMC9823378 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the world. The demand for tomatoes is high in virtually any country, owing to their gastronomic versatility and nutritional and aromatic value. Drought, salinity, and inadequate temperature can be major factors in diminishing yield, affecting physiological and biochemical processes and altering various metabolic pathways, from the aggregation of low molecular-weight substances to the transcription of specific genes. Various biotechnological tools can be used to alter the tomato genes so that this species can more rapidly or better adapt to abiotic stress. These approaches range from the introgression of genes coding for specific enzymes for mitigating a prevailing stress to genetic modifications that alter specific metabolic pathways to help tomato perceive environmental cues and/or withstand adverse conditions. In recent years, environmental and social concerns and the high complexity of the plant response may increase the attention of applied plant biotechnology toward biomimetic strategies, generally defined as all the approaches that seek to develop more sustainable and acceptable strategies by imitating nature's time-tested solutions. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the genetic sequences and molecules that were the objects of biotechnological intervention in tomato as examples of approaches to achieve tolerance to abiotic factors, improving existing nature-based mechanisms and solutions (biomimetic biotechnological approaches (BBA)). Finally, we discuss implications and perspectives within the GMO debate, proposing that crops modified with BBA should receive less stringent regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Sadiya Maryam Choudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Rafia Kosser
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Danish Mushtaq Khanday
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Shallu Choudhary
- Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Bupesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Isha Magotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Ranjit Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Chet Ram
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR—Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 334006, India
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini (Shahanshapur), Varanasi 221305, India
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Moses AK, Ghazi T, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon A. The effect of ARVs on the MEKKK1 gene promoter, inflammatory cytokine expression and signalling in acute treated Jurkat T cells. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:1041-1051. [PMID: 36637009 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2168575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ARVs alter the methylation status of the MEKKK1 gene promoter in acute treated Jurkat T cells with inflammatory outcomesInflammation is reduced in patients under going antiretroviral therapy; however the mechanism is not well understood. We investigated DNA methylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKKK1) gene promoter in Jurkat T cells to determine whether the antiretroviral drugs, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, dolutegravir, TLD (a combination of TDF, 3TC and DTG) and efavirenz modify the methylation status of the MEKKK1 gene - a known stimulus of inflammation.Acute antiretroviral treatments (24 h) were not cytotoxic to Jurkat T cells. MEKKK1 promoter hypomethylation occurred in cells treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza), TDF and 3TC, and MEKKK1 promoter hypermethylation occurred in cells treated with DTG; however, promoter DNA methylation of the MEKKK1 gene did not influence MEKKK1 gene expression; therefore, these drugs did not epigenetically regulate MEKKK1 and downstream signalling by promoter DNA methylation. Acute TLD and EFV treatments induced inflammation in Jurkat T cells by increasing MEKKK1, MAPK/ERK and NFκB expression, and activating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. ARVs decreased IL-10 gene expression, showing no anti-inflammatory activity.The data shows that the inflammation caused by ARVs is not related to the methylation status of MEKKK1 gene promoter and suggests an alternative stimulus via post-transcriptional/post-translational modifications may activate the canonical MEKKK1/NFκB pathway that leads to inflammation. Finally, an increase in NFκB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation seemed to occur via the MAPK/ERK pathway following ARV treatments in Jurkat T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Kirsten Moses
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Medical Biochemistry, Nelson Mandela University Medical School, Bethelsdorp, South Africa
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Antoniou A, Evripidou N, Panayiotou S, Spanoudes K, Damianou C. Treatment of canine and feline sarcoma using MR-guided focused ultrasound system. J Ultrasound 2022; 25:895-904. [PMID: 35277843 PMCID: PMC9705640 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years, veterinary medicine has enhanced its applications beyond traditional approaches, progressively incorporating the Focused Ultrasound (FUS) technology. This study investigated the ability of FUS to precisely ablate naturally occurring canine and feline soft tissue sarcomas (STS). METHODS Six dogs and four cats with superficial tumours were enrolled in the study. The tumours were treated with a Magnetic Resonance guided FUS (MRgFUS) robotic system featuring a single element spherically focused transducer of 2.6 MHz. The tumours were then removed by surgery and sent for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS The MRgFUS system was capable of inflicting well-defined overlapping lesions in the tumours. The anatomical sites of the treated tumours were the neck, leg, face, back and belly. Coagulative necrosis was evidenced by histopathology assessment in 80% of cases. CONCLUSION Therefore, this technology can be a therapeutic solution for veterinary cancer and a model for advancing the knowledge on human STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Antoniou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikolas Evripidou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Stelios Panayiotou
- SGS Diagnostic Centre of Histopathology and Cytology Limited, 21 Thessalonikis, 3025, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Spanoudes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Sarimov RM, Nagaev EI, Matveyeva TA, Binhi VN, Burmistrov DE, Serov DA, Astashev ME, Simakin AV, Uvarov OV, Khabatova VV, Akopdzhanov AG, Schimanowskii NL, Gudkov SV. Investigation of Aggregation and Disaggregation of Self-Assembling Nano-Sized Clusters Consisting of Individual Iron Oxide Nanoparticles upon Interaction with HEWL Protein Molecules. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223960. [PMID: 36432246 PMCID: PMC9696017 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, iron oxide nanoparticles coated with trisodium citrate were obtained. Nanoparticles self-assembling stable clusters were ~10 and 50-80 nm in size, consisting of NPs 3 nm in size. The stability was controlled by using multi-angle dynamic light scattering and the zeta potential, which was -32 ± 2 mV. Clusters from TSC-IONPs can be destroyed when interacting with a hen egg-white lysozyme. After the destruction of the nanoparticles and proteins, aggregates are formed quickly, within 5-10 min. Their sizes depend on the concentration of the lysozyme and nanoparticles and can reach micron sizes. It is shown that individual protein molecules can be isolated from the formed aggregates under shaking. Such aggregation was observed by several methods: multi-angle dynamic light scattering, optical absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, TEM, and optical microscopy. It is important to note that the concentrations of NPs at which the protein aggregation took place were also toxic to cells. There was a sharp decrease in the survival of mouse fibroblasts (Fe concentration ~75-100 μM), while the ratio of apoptotic to all dead cells increased. Additionally, at low concentrations of NPs, an increase in cell size was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan M. Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Egor I. Nagaev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Matveyeva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Binhi
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy E. Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Serov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Astashev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Uvarov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Venera V. Khabatova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arthur G. Akopdzhanov
- Russian National Pirogov Research Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai L. Schimanowskii
- Russian National Pirogov Research Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Tanaka Y, Watanabe K, Miller AD, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi Y. Cholesterol granuloma associated with degenerative neuropathy in the cauda equina of a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:1010-1014. [PMID: 35993288 PMCID: PMC9597343 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-y-old Labrador Retriever dog had mild ataxia of the hindlimbs 4 mo after lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy for intervertebral disk disease. Ataxia of the hindlimbs gradually worsened over the next 6 y. On autopsy, gross lesions were not recognized in the spinal cord. Histopathology revealed an intradural extraparenchymal cholesterol granuloma in the cauda equina associated with remnant nerve roots. Nerves associated with the cholesterol granuloma had axonal degeneration, myelin vacuolation, and edema. In those foci, macrophages were increased in number between nerve fibers. Immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein and Luxol fast blue staining highlighted the presence of remnant axons and myelin sheaths within the granuloma. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in the granuloma were mainly macrophages and CD3- or CD20-immunopositive T or B lymphocytes, respectively. We conclude that the cholesterol granuloma likely formed subsequent to degenerative neuropathy in the cauda equina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Andrew David Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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van Tartwijk FW, Kaminski CF. Protein Condensation, Cellular Organization, and Spatiotemporal Regulation of Cytoplasmic Properties. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101328. [PMID: 35796197 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm is an aqueous, highly crowded solution of active macromolecules. Its properties influence the behavior of proteins, including their folding, motion, and interactions. In particular, proteins in the cytoplasm can interact to form phase-separated assemblies, so-called biomolecular condensates. The interplay between cytoplasmic properties and protein condensation is critical in a number of functional contexts and is the subject of this review. The authors first describe how cytoplasmic properties can affect protein behavior, in particular condensate formation, and then describe the functional implications of this interplay in three cellular contexts, which exemplify how protein self-organization can be adapted to support certain physiological phenotypes. The authors then describe the formation of RNA-protein condensates in highly polarized cells such as neurons, where condensates play a critical role in the regulation of local protein synthesis, and describe how different stressors trigger extensive reorganization of the cytoplasm, both through signaling pathways and through direct stress-induced changes in cytoplasmic properties. Finally, the authors describe changes in protein behavior and cytoplasmic properties that may occur in extremophiles, in particular organisms that have adapted to inhabit environments of extreme temperature, and discuss the implications and functional importance of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca W van Tartwijk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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Kim B, Kwon H, Kim SM, Kim JS, Ryoo SM, Kim YJ, Kim WY. Ion Shift Index at the Immediate Post-Cardiac Arrest Period as an Early Prognostic Marker in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206187. [PMID: 36294511 PMCID: PMC9604862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ion shift index (ISI) is a suggested marker to reflect the magnitude of ischemic damage. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the ISI for predicting poor neurological outcomes at 6 months in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors by comparing it with the OHCA and Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP) scores. This observational registry-based cohort study included adult comatose OHCA survivors admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Korea between 2015 and 2021. The ISI was calculated using the serum electrolyte levels obtained within one hour of resuscitation. The primary outcome was poor neurological function (Cerebral Performance Category score of 3−5) at 6 months. Of the 250 OHCA survivors, 164 (65.6%) had poor neurological outcomes. These patients had a higher median ISI than those with good neurological outcomes (4.95 vs. 3.26, p < 0.001). ISI (adjusted odds ratio, 2.107; 95% confidence interval, 1.350−3.288, p = 0.001) was associated with poor neurological outcomes. The prognostic performance of ISI (area under the curve [AUC], 0.859) was similar to that of the OHCA score (AUC, 0.858; p = 0.968) and the CAHP score (AUC, 0.894; p = 0.183). ISI would be a prognostic biomarker for comatose OHCA survivors that is available during the immediate post-cardiac arrest period.
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Potential of Environmental Contaminant Mixtures Present in Water for Human Use. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals from Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have become much more prevalent in the environment in recent years. The effects of these substances on human health and the environment are frequently debatable because they typically have poorly understood mechanisms of toxic action. For this reason, we set out to evaluate a binary mixture consisting of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) and propylparaben (PPB), two approved additives that have been found in the environment and have a range of health-related effects. Based on our prior research, we chose an experimental model called Vero cells, kidney fibroblasts from the African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops), with high sensitivity in toxicology studies and ideal characteristics for the analysis of chemical compounds’ mechanisms of action. The experimental design includes a battery of tests using many complimentary biochemical and morphological biomarkers, the usefulness of which we have previously established. The outcomes demonstrated that the mixtures of BHA and PPB cause significant functional alterations brought on by osmotic imbalance, which are connected to irregularities in cell cycle progression, increases in ploidy, which included cell cycle imbalances as well as increases in proliferation. On the other hand, we have been able to show that the quantitative estimate of the anticipated cellular responses generally does not adjust precisely to the observed effect through the analysis of the prediction of the combined effect using mathematical models. However, once the individual compounds’ respective mechanisms of action have been established, the toxicity caused by the mixtures can be qualitatively predicted.
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50
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Torday JS. Evolution, gravity, and the topology of consciousness. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 174:50-54. [PMID: 35830897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been hypothesized that consciousness is the aggregate of our evolutionary history, forged by ontogeny and phylogeny via cell-cell communications. In an on-going effort to identify the serial pre-adaptations that gave rise to consciousness, certain fundamental properties of the emerging cell are addressed herein. Evolution is topologic because it began as a phase transition caused by gravity attracting lipid molecules, spontaneously forming micelles submersed in the ocean that covered the primordial Earth, forming a surface boundary between the exterior Cosmos and the interior of micelles. Such protocells comply with the First Principles of Physiology-negative entropy, chemiosmosis and homeostasis-the first two principles being deterministic, the last being probabilistic, bestowing them with far more than just random chance. The mechanism of cellular evolution is based on exaptations of sequentially earlier and earlier genetic traits, working in reverse from present-day physiology all the way back to the unicellular state, which is homologous with mathematical 'knots'. Ironically, that relationship is evidence for the ontologic and epistemologic primacy of the cell, which supersedes mathematics and physics as manifestations of the Implicate Order since a conscious cell can conceive of a circle, but an unconscious circle is not able to conceive of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Torday
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Evolutionary Medicine, 405 Hilgard Avenue University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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