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Yuan P, Yu M, Liu H, Hammond JP, Cai H, Ding G, Wang S, Xu F, Wang C, Hong D, Shi L. Overexpression of oilseed rape trehalose-6-phosphate synthesis gene BnaC02.TPS8 confers sensitivity to low nitrogen and high sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2024; 259:122. [PMID: 38619628 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 increased low N and high sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin plays a crucial role in safeguarding photosynthetic tissues against high light, UV radiation, and oxidative stress. Their accumulation is triggered by low nitrogen (N) stress and elevated sucrose levels in Arabidopsis. Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) serves as a pivotal signaling molecule, sensing sucrose availability, and carbon (C) metabolism. However, the mechanisms governing the regulation of T6P synthase (TPS) genes responsible for anthocyanin accumulation under conditions of low N and high sucrose remain elusive. In a previous study, we demonstrated the positive impact of a cytoplasm-localized class II TPS protein 'BnaC02.TPS8' on photosynthesis and seed yield improvement in Brassica napus. The present research delves into the biological role of BnaC02.TPS8 in response to low N and high sucrose. Ectopic overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 in Arabidopsis seedlings resulted in elevated shoot T6P levels under N-sufficient conditions, as well as an increased carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, sucrose accumulation, and starch storage under low N conditions. Overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 in Arabidopsis heightened sensitivity to low N stress and high sucrose levels, accompanied by increased anthocyanin accumulation and upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation. Metabolic profiling revealed increased levels of intermediate products of carbon metabolism, as well as anthocyanin and flavonoid derivatives in BnaC02.TPS8-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants under low N conditions. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses demonstrated that BnaC02.TPS8 interacts with both BnaC08.TPS9 and BnaA01.TPS10. These findings contribute to our understanding of how TPS8-mediated anthocyanin accumulation is modulated under low N and high sucrose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mingzhu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Haijiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Hongmei Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology, National Research, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center (Wuhan Branch), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Tao Y, Rossez Y, Bortolus C, Duma L, Dubar F, Merlier F. Simultaneous Quantification of Trehalose and Trehalose 6-Phosphate by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography/Electrospray Accurate Mass Spectrometry with Application in Non-Targeted Metabolomics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083443. [PMID: 37110679 PMCID: PMC10145281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to simultaneously quantify trehalose and trehalose 6-phosphate without derivatization or sample preparation. The use of full scan mode and exact mass analysis also makes it possible to carry out metabolomic analyses as well as semi-quantification. In addition, the use of different clusters in negative mode makes it possible to compensate for deficiencies in linearity and inerrant saturation at time-of-flight detectors. The method has been approved and validated for different matrices, yeasts, and bacteria, and has shown differentiation between bacteria as a function of growth temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, 59655 Lille, France
| | - Clovis Bortolus
- INSERM U1285, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luminita Duma
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Faustine Dubar
- INSERM U1285, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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3
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Hu Y, Liu J, Lin Y, Xu X, Xia Y, Bai J, Yu Y, Xiao F, Ding Y, Ding C, Chen L. Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 regulates sheath-to-panicle transport of nonstructural carbohydrates during rice grain filling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1694-1714. [PMID: 35294032 PMCID: PMC9237689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) reserved in rice (Oryza sativa) sheaths is essential for grain filling. This assimilate distribution between plant tissues and organs is determined by sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1). However, the SnRK1-mediated mechanism regulating the sheath-to-panicle transport of NSCs in rice remains unknown. In this study, leaf cutting treatment was used to accelerate NSC transport in the rice sheaths. Accelerated NSC transport was accompanied by increased levels of OsSnRK1a mRNA expression, SnRK1a protein expression, catalytic subunit phosphorylation of SnRK1, and SnRK1 activity, indicating that SnRK1 activity plays an important role in sheath NSC transport. We also discovered that trehalose-6-phosphate, a signal of sucrose availability, slightly reduced SnRK1 activity in vitro. Since SnRK1 activity is mostly regulated by OsSnRK1a transcription in response to low sucrose content, we constructed an snrk1a mutant to verify the function of SnRK1 in NSC transport. NSCs accumulated in the sheaths of snrk1a mutant plants and resulted in a low seed setting rate and grain weight, verifying that SnRK1 activity is essential for NSC remobilization. Using phosphoproteomics and parallel reaction monitoring, we identified 20 SnRK1-dependent phosphosites that are involved in NSC transport. In addition, the SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of the phosphosites directly affected starch degradation, sucrose metabolism, phloem transport, sugar transport across the tonoplast, and glycolysis in rice sheaths to promote NSC transport. Therefore, our findings reveal the importance, function, and possible regulatory mechanism of SnRK1 in the sheath-to-panicle transport of NSCs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqing Xia
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Bai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Lin Chen
- Authors for correspondence: (L.C); (C.D.)
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Abstract
Phosphorylated carbohydrates are central metabolites involved in key plant metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and central carbon metabolism. Such pathways influence plant growth, development, and stress responses to environmental changes, and ultimately, reflect the plant's energy status. The high polarity of these metabolites, the variety of isomeric structures (e.g., glucose-1-phosphate (G1P)/fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)/mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)/G6P, sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P)/T6P), and rapid metabolic turnover makes their analysis particularly challenging. In this chapter, we describe the use of a set of known phosphorylated carbohydrates to develop and validate a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) triple quadrupole (QqQ) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method in the highly sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the target analysis of G1P, F6P, M6P, G6P, S6P, T6P, and the sugar nucleotide uridine 5-diphospho-glucose (UDPG). We present detailed information regarding HILIC column chemistry and practical considerations when coupling it with a QqQ-MS system.
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5
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Luo XT, Cai BD, Jiang HP, Xiao HM, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Sensitive analysis of trehalose-6-phosphate and related sugar phosphates in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:82-90. [PMID: 30679043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is an important signaling metabolite that is involved in many physiological processes. However, the mechanism of the biological functions of T6P is not fully understood. Quantification of T6P in plants will be beneficial to elucidate the mechanism. However, it is still a challenge to chromatographically separate and sensitively detect T6P and related sugar phosphates. In the current study, we developed a method for effective separation and sensitive detection of glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P) and T6P in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ChD-HILIC-MS/MS). With this method, two pairs of isomers (G1P/G6P and S6P/T6P) could be well separated on a HILIC column and sensitively detected by MS with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 ng mL-1. The developed method was successfully applied to the detection of endogenous G1P, G6P, S6P and T6P in small amounts of plant tissues, such as 1 mg fresh weight of Oryza sativa shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Locke AM, Barding GA, Sathnur S, Larive CK, Bailey-Serres J. Rice SUB1A constrains remodelling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post-submergence recovery. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:721-736. [PMID: 29094353 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rice (Oryza sativa L.) ethylene-responsive transcription factor gene SUB1A-1 confers tolerance to prolonged, complete submergence by limiting underwater elongation growth. Upon desubmergence, SUB1A-1 genotypes rapidly recover photosynthetic function and recommence development towards flowering. The underpinnings of the transition from stress amelioration to the return to homeostasis are not well known. Here, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify mechanisms by which SUB1A improves physiological function over the 24 hr following a sublethal submergence event. Evaluation of near-isogenic genotypes after submergence and over a day of reaeration demonstrated that SUB1A transiently constrains the remodelling of cellular activities associated with growth. SUB1A influenced the abundance of ca. 1,400 transcripts and had a continued impact on metabolite content, particularly free amino acids, glucose, and sucrose, throughout the recovery period. SUB1A promoted recovery of metabolic homeostasis but had limited influence on mRNAs associated with growth processes and photosynthesis. The involvement of low energy sensing during submergence and recovery was supported by dynamics in trehalose-6-phosphate and mRNAs encoding key enzymes and signalling proteins, which were modulated by SUB1A. This study provides new evidence of convergent signalling pathways critical to the rapidly reversible management of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in submergence resilient rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Locke
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7620, USA
| | - Gregory A Barding
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Sumukh Sathnur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Cynthia K Larive
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Griffiths CA, Paul MJ. Targeting carbon for crop yield and drought resilience. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4663-4671. [PMID: 28653336 PMCID: PMC5655914 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current methods of crop improvement are not keeping pace with projected increases in population growth. Breeding, focused around key traits of stem height and disease resistance, delivered the step-change yield improvements of the green revolution of the 1960s. However, subsequently, yield increases through conventional breeding have been below the projected requirement of 2.4% per year required by 2050. Genetic modification (GM) mainly for herbicide tolerance and insect resistance has been transformational, akin to a second green revolution, although GM has yet to make major inroads into intrinsic yield processes themselves. Drought imposes the major restriction on crop yields globally but, as yet, has not benefited substantially from genetic improvement and still presents a major challenge to agriculture. Much still has to be learnt about the complex process of how drought limits yield and what should be targeted. Mechanisms of drought adaptation from the natural environment cannot be taken into crops without significant modification for the agricultural environment because mechanisms of drought tolerance are often in contrast with mechanisms of high productivity required in agriculture. However, through convergence of fundamental and translational science, it would appear that a mechanism of sucrose allocation in crops can be modified for both productivity and resilience to drought and other stresses. Recent publications show how this mechanism can be targeted by GM, natural variation and a new chemical approach. Here, with an emphasis on drought, we highlight how understanding fundamental science about how crops grow, develop and what limits their growth and yield can be combined with targeted genetic selection and pioneering chemical intervention technology for transformational yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
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8
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Mathon C, Barding GA, Larive CK. Separation of ten phosphorylated mono-and disaccharides using HILIC and ion-pairing interactions. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 972:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bledsoe SW, Henry C, Griffiths CA, Paul MJ, Feil R, Lunn JE, Stitt M, Lagrimini LM. The role of Tre6P and SnRK1 in maize early kernel development and events leading to stress-induced kernel abortion. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:74. [PMID: 28403831 PMCID: PMC5389189 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress during flowering is a major contributor to yield loss in maize. Genetic and biotechnological improvement in yield sustainability requires an understanding of the mechanisms underpinning yield loss. Sucrose starvation has been proposed as the cause for kernel abortion; however, potential targets for genetic improvement have not been identified. Field and greenhouse drought studies with maize are expensive and it can be difficult to reproduce results; therefore, an in vitro kernel culture method is presented as a proxy for drought stress occurring at the time of flowering in maize (3 days after pollination). This method is used to focus on the effects of drought on kernel metabolism, and the role of trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) and the sucrose non-fermenting-1-related kinase (SnRK1) as potential regulators of this response. RESULTS A precipitous drop in Tre6P is observed during the first two hours after removing the kernels from the plant, and the resulting changes in transcript abundance are indicative of an activation of SnRK1, and an immediate shift from anabolism to catabolism. Once Tre6P levels are depleted to below 1 nmol∙g-1 FW in the kernel, SnRK1 remained active throughout the 96 h experiment, regardless of the presence or absence of sucrose in the medium. Recovery on sucrose enriched medium results in the restoration of sucrose synthesis and glycolysis. Biosynthetic processes including the citric acid cycle and protein and starch synthesis are inhibited by excision, and do not recover even after the re-addition of sucrose. It is also observed that excision induces the transcription of the sugar transporters SUT1 and SWEET1, the sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes CELL WALL INVERTASE 2 (INCW2) and SUCROSE SYNTHASE 1 (SUSY1), the class II TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASES (TPS), TREHALASE (TRE), and TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE (ZmTPPA.3), previously shown to enhance drought tolerance (Nuccio et al., Nat Biotechnol (October 2014):1-13, 2015). CONCLUSIONS The impact of kernel excision from the ear triggers a cascade of events starting with the precipitous drop in Tre6P levels. It is proposed that the removal of Tre6P suppression of SnRK1 activity results in transcription of putative SnRK1 target genes, and the metabolic transition from biosynthesis to catabolism. This highlights the importance of Tre6P in the metabolic response to starvation. We also present evidence that sugars can mediate the activation of SnRK1. The precipitous drop in Tre6P corresponds to a large increase in transcription of ZmTPPA.3, indicating that this specific enzyme may be responsible for the de-phosphorylation of Tre6P. The high levels of Tre6P in the immature embryo are likely important for preventing kernel abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Bledsoe
- EAG Laboratories, 4780 Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Clémence Henry
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institut fϋr Moleckulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam (OT) Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institut fϋr Moleckulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam (OT) Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institut fϋr Moleckulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam (OT) Golm, Germany
| | - L Mark Lagrimini
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 377I Plant Science, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915, USA.
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10
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Chemical intervention in plant sugar signalling increases yield and resilience. Nature 2016; 540:574-578. [PMID: 27974806 DOI: 10.1038/nature20591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pressing global issue of food insecurity due to population growth, diminishing land and variable climate can only be addressed in agriculture by improving both maximum crop yield potential and resilience. Genetic modification is one potential solution, but has yet to achieve worldwide acceptance, particularly for crops such as wheat. Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), a central sugar signal in plants, regulates sucrose use and allocation, underpinning crop growth and development. Here we show that application of a chemical intervention strategy directly modulates T6P levels in planta. Plant-permeable analogues of T6P were designed and constructed based on a 'signalling-precursor' concept for permeability, ready uptake and sunlight-triggered release of T6P in planta. We show that chemical intervention in a potent sugar signal increases grain yield, whereas application to vegetative tissue improves recovery and resurrection from drought. This technology offers a means to combine increases in yield with crop stress resilience. Given the generality of the T6P pathway in plants and other small-molecule signals in biology, these studies suggest that suitable synthetic exogenous small-molecule signal precursors can be used to directly enhance plant performance and perhaps other organism function.
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11
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Analysis of low abundant trehalose-6-phosphate and related metabolites in Medicago truncatula by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jorge TF, Mata AT, António C. Mass spectrometry as a quantitative tool in plant metabolomics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150370. [PMID: 27644967 PMCID: PMC5031636 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a research field used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include the analysis of a wide range of chemical species with very diverse physico-chemical properties, and therefore powerful analytical tools are required for the separation, characterization and quantification of this vast compound diversity present in plant matrices. In this review, challenges in the use of mass spectrometry (MS) as a quantitative tool in plant metabolomics experiments are discussed, and important criteria for the development and validation of MS-based analytical methods provided.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana T Mata
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Trace enrichment and characterization of polyphenols in Bistort Rhizoma using weak anion-exchange solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 119:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Nunes C, Schluepmann H, Delatte TL, Wingler A, Silva AB, Fevereiro PS, Jansen M, Fiorani F, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Paul MJ. Regulation of growth by the trehalose pathway: relationship to temperature and sucrose. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e26626. [PMID: 24084646 PMCID: PMC4091418 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon signaling can override carbon supply in the regulation of growth. At least some of this regulation is imparted by the sugar signal trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) through the protein kinase, SnRK1. This signaling pathway regulates biosynthetic processes involved in growth under optimal growing conditions. Recently, using a seedling system we showed that under sub-optimal conditions, such as cold, carbon signaling by T6P/ SnRK1 enables recovery of growth following relief of the stress. The T6P/ SnRK1 mechanism thus could be selected as a means of improving low temperature tolerance. High-throughput automated Fv/Fm measurements provide a potential means to screen for T6P/ SnRK1, and here we confirm through measurements of Fv/Fm in rosettes that T6P promotes low temperature tolerance and recovery during cold to warm transfer. Further, to better understand the coordination between sugars, trehalose pathway, and temperature-dependent growth, we examine the interrelationship between sugars, trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS), and trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPP) gene expression and T6P content in seedlings. Sucrose, particularly when fed exogenously, correlated well with TPS1 and TPPB gene expression, suggesting that these enzymes are involved in maintaining carbon flux through the pathway in relation to sucrose supply. However, when sucrose accumulated to higher levels under low temperature and low N, TPS1 and TPPB expression were less directly related to sucrose; other factors may also contribute to regulation of TPS1 and TPPB expression under these conditions. TPPA expression was not related to sucrose content and all genes were not well correlated with endogenous glucose. Our work has implications for understanding acclimation to sink-limited growth conditions such as low temperature and for screening cold-tolerant genotypes with altered T6P/ SnRK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Nunes
- Plant Biology and Crop Science; Rothamsted Research; Harpenden, Hertfordshire UK
| | | | - Thierry L Delatte
- Molecular Plant Physiology; Utrecht University; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Wingler
- Genetics, Evolution, and Environment; University College London; London, UK
| | - Anabela B Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Fevereiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcus Jansen
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences IBG-2; Plant Sciences; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences IBG-2; Plant Sciences; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences IBG-2; Plant Sciences; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Biology and Crop Science; Rothamsted Research; Harpenden, Hertfordshire UK
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15
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Nunes C, O’Hara LE, Primavesi LF, Delatte TL, Schluepmann H, Somsen GW, Silva AB, Fevereiro PS, Wingler A, Paul MJ. The trehalose 6-phosphate/SnRK1 signaling pathway primes growth recovery following relief of sink limitation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:1720-32. [PMID: 23735508 PMCID: PMC3707538 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-P (T6P) is a sugar signal in plants that inhibits SNF1-related protein kinase, SnRK1, thereby altering gene expression and promoting growth processes. This provides a model for the regulation of growth by sugar. However, it is not known how this model operates under sink-limited conditions when tissue sugar content is uncoupled from growth. To test the physiological importance of this model, T6P, SnRK1 activities, sugars, gene expression, and growth were measured in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings after transfer to cold or zero nitrogen compared with sugar feeding under optimal conditions. Maximum in vitro activities of SnRK1 changed little, but T6P accumulated up to 55-fold, correlating with tissue Suc content in all treatments. SnRK1-induced and -repressed marker gene expression strongly related to T6P above and below a threshold of 0.3 to 0.5 nmol T6P g(-1) fresh weight close to the dissociation constant (4 µm) of the T6P/ SnRK1 complex. This occurred irrespective of the growth response to Suc. This implies that T6P is not a growth signal per se, but through SnRK1, T6P primes gene expression for growth in response to Suc accumulation under sink-limited conditions. To test this hypothesis, plants with genetically decreased T6P content and SnRK1 overexpression were transferred from cold to warm to analyze the role of T6P/SnRK1 in relief of growth restriction. Compared with the wild type, these plants were impaired in immediate growth recovery. It is concluded that the T6P/SnRK1 signaling pathway responds to Suc induced by sink restriction that enables growth recovery following relief of limitations such as low temperature.
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16
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A new reversed-phase/strong anion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phase based on polar-copolymerized approach and its application in the enrichment of aristolochic acids. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1246:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Determination of trehalose-6-phosphate in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings by hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1353-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Wingler A, Delatte TL, O'Hara LE, Primavesi LF, Jhurreea D, Paul MJ, Schluepmann H. Trehalose 6-phosphate is required for the onset of leaf senescence associated with high carbon availability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:1241-51. [PMID: 22247267 PMCID: PMC3291265 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) is an important regulator of plant metabolism and development. T6P content increases when carbon availability is high, and in young growing tissue, T6P inhibits the activity of Snf1-related protein kinase (SnRK1). Here, strong accumulation of T6P was found in senescing leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), in parallel with a rise in sugar contents. To determine the role of T6P in senescence, T6P content was altered by expressing the bacterial T6P synthase gene, otsA (to increase T6P), or the T6P phosphatase gene, otsB (to decrease T6P). In otsB-expressing plants, T6P accumulated less strongly during senescence than in wild-type plants, while otsA-expressing plants contained more T6P throughout. Mature otsB-expressing plants showed a similar phenotype as described for plants overexpressing the SnRK1 gene, KIN10, including reduced anthocyanin accumulation and delayed senescence. This was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of senescence-associated genes and genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis. To analyze if the senescence phenotype was due to decreased sugar sensitivity, the response to sugars was determined. In combination with low nitrogen supply, metabolizable sugars (glucose, fructose, or sucrose) induced senescence in wild-type and otsA-expressing plants but to a smaller extent in otsB-expressing plants. The sugar analog 3-O-methyl glucose, on the other hand, did not induce senescence in any of the lines. Transfer of plants to and from glucose-containing medium suggested that glucose determines senescence during late development but that the effects of T6P on senescence are established by the sugar response of young plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wingler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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19
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Yang S, Synovec RE, Kalyuzhnaya MG, Lidstrom ME. Development of a solid phase extraction protocol coupled with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to analyze central carbon metabolites in lake sediment microcosms. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3597-605. [PMID: 22102321 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An ion exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) strategy is developed for application with liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for characterization of central carbon metabolites involved in methane assimilation and adjacent pathways in natural mixtures. For this purpose, short-time microcosm samples were obtained from lake sediment known to consume methane. Three SPE procedures were developed for the recovery of 51 targeted metabolites from five compound classes (amino acids, carboxylic acids, sugar phosphates, nucleotides and acyl-CoAs). The three SPE procedures employed were mixed mode (i) strong cation exchange, (ii) strong anion exchange and (iii) weak anion exchange. By spiking stable isotopic labeled standards, validation of the SPE procedures for the sediment extracts demonstrated that a 3 cm(3), 60 mg SPE sorbent bed provided effective loading capacity for targeted metabolites with an analytical variation of 16% RSD. We readily analyzed 32 of the targeted 51 metabolites using LC-MS/MS after sediment sample extraction, cleanup and pre-concentration. The remaining 19 targeted metabolites were either at, or below, the limit of detection. The current approach provides a good workflow for absolute quantification of intermediates in C(1)-carbon metabolism in natural microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-2180, USA
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20
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Delatte TL, Sedijani P, Kondou Y, Matsui M, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Primavesi LF, Paul MJ, Schluepmann H. Growth arrest by trehalose-6-phosphate: an astonishing case of primary metabolite control over growth by way of the SnRK1 signaling pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:160-74. [PMID: 21753116 PMCID: PMC3165867 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.180422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The strong regulation of plant carbon allocation and growth by trehalose metabolism is important for our understanding of the mechanisms that determine growth and yield, with obvious applications in crop improvement. To gain further insight on the growth arrest by trehalose feeding, we first established that starch-deficient seedlings of the plastidic phosphoglucomutase1 mutant were similarly affected as the wild type on trehalose. Starch accumulation in the source cotyledons, therefore, did not cause starvation and consequent growth arrest in the growing zones. We then screened the FOX collection of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing full-length cDNAs for seedling resistance to 100 mm trehalose. Three independent transgenic lines were identified with dominant segregation of the trehalose resistance trait that overexpress the bZIP11 (for basic region/leucine zipper motif) transcription factor. The resistance of these lines to trehalose could not be explained simply through enhanced trehalase activity or through inhibition of bZIP11 translation. Instead, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) accumulation was much increased in bZIP11-overexpressing lines, suggesting that these lines may be insensitive to the effects of T6P. T6P is known to inhibit the central stress-integrating kinase SnRK1 (KIN10) activity. We confirmed that this holds true in extracts from seedlings grown on trehalose, then showed that two independent transgenic lines overexpressing KIN10 were insensitive to trehalose. Moreover, the expression of marker genes known to be jointly controlled by SnRK1 activity and bZIP11 was consistent with low SnRK1 or bZIP11 activity in seedlings on trehalose. These results reveal an astonishing case of primary metabolite control over growth by way of the SnRK1 signaling pathway involving T6P, SnRK1, and bZIP11.
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21
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Ma J, Hanssen M, Lundgren K, Hernández L, Delatte T, Ehlert A, Liu CM, Schluepmann H, Dröge-Laser W, Moritz T, Smeekens S, Hanson J. The sucrose-regulated Arabidopsis transcription factor bZIP11 reprograms metabolism and regulates trehalose metabolism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:733-745. [PMID: 21534971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
• The Arabidopsis basic region-leucine zipper transcription factor 11 (bZIP11) is known to be repressed by sucrose through a translational inhibition mechanism that requires the conserved sucrose control peptide encoded by the mRNA leader. The function of bZIP11 has been investigated in over-expression studies, and bZIP11 has been found to inhibit plant growth. The addition of sugar does not rescue the growth inhibition phenotype. Here, the function of the bZIP11 transcription factor was investigated. • The mechanism by which bZIP11 regulates growth was studied using large-scale and dedicated metabolic analysis, biochemical assays and molecular studies. • bZIP11 induction results in a reprogramming of metabolism and activation of genes involved in the metabolism of trehalose and other minor carbohydrates such as myo-inositol and raffinose. bZIP11 induction leads to reduced contents of the prominent growth regulatory molecule trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P). • The metabolic changes detected mimic in part those observed in carbon-starved plants. It is proposed that bZIP11 is a powerful regulator of carbohydrate metabolism that functions in a growth regulatory network that includes T6P and the sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Ma
- Centre for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Naxincun 20, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Micha Hanssen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Krister Lundgren
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lázaro Hernández
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), PO Box 6162, CP 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Thierry Delatte
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ehlert
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Molekularbiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanze, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Centre for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Naxincun 20, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Henriette Schluepmann
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Molekularbiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanze, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sjef Smeekens
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, POB 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hanson
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, POB 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Physiological Botany, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Martínez-Barajas E, Delatte T, Schluepmann H, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW, Nunes C, Primavesi LF, Coello P, Mitchell RA, Paul MJ. Wheat grain development is characterized by remarkable trehalose 6-phosphate accumulation pregrain filling: tissue distribution and relationship to SNF1-related protein kinase1 activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:373-81. [PMID: 21402798 PMCID: PMC3091070 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) is a sugar signal that regulates metabolism, growth, and development and inhibits the central regulatory SNF1-related protein kinase1 (SnRK1; AKIN10/AKIN11). To better understand the mechanism in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain, we analyze T6P content and SnRK1 activities. T6P levels changed 178-fold 1 to 45 d after anthesis (DAA), correlating with sucrose content. T6P ranged from 78 nmol g(-1) fresh weight (FW) pregrain filling, around 100-fold higher than previously reported in plants, to 0.4 nmol g(-1) FW during the desiccation stage. In contrast, maximum SnRK1 activity changed only 3-fold but was inhibited strongly by T6P in vitro. To assess SnRK1 activity in vivo, homologs of SnRK1 marker genes in the wheat transcriptome were identified using Wheat Estimated Transcript Server. SnRK1-induced and -repressed marker genes were expressed differently pregrain filling compared to grain filling consistent with changes in T6P. To investigate this further maternal and filial tissues were compared pre- (7 DAA) and during grain filling (17 DAA). Strikingly, in vitro SnRK1 activity was similar in all tissues in contrast to large changes in tissue distribution of T6P. At 7 DAA T6P was 49 to 119 nmol g(-1) FW in filial and maternal tissues sufficient to inhibit SnRK1; at 17 DAA T6P accumulation was almost exclusively endospermal (43 nmol g(-1) FW) with 0.6 to 0.8 nmol T6P g(-1) FW in embryo and pericarp. The data show a correlation between T6P and sucrose overall that belies a marked effect of tissue type and developmental stage on T6P content, consistent with tissue-specific regulation of SnRK1 by T6P in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (E.M.-B., C.N., L.F.P., P.C., R.A.C.M., M.J.P.); Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584–CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.D., H.S.); Biomolecular Analysis, Utrecht University, 3584–CG Utrecht, The Netherlands (T.D., G.J.d.J., G.W.S.); Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2781–901 Oeiras, Portugal (C.N.)
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23
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Delatte TL, Schluepmann H, Smeekens SCM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis of trehalose-6-phosphate in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1137-44. [PMID: 21394451 PMCID: PMC3074081 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is an intermediate in the plant metabolic pathway that results in trehalose production. T6P has been shown to inhibit the sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 1, which is a major regulator of metabolism. The quantitation of T6P has proven difficult due to the complexity of the plant matrix and the low abundance of T6P in plant tissues. The aim of this work was to develop a quantitation method for T6P present in Arabidopsis tissues, with capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) with a sheath liquid (SL) interface. The CE-MS method was first optimized with respect to T6P signal intensity and separation of isomers by studying the composition of the background electrolyte (BGE) and SL. The use of triethylamine (TEA) in the BGE was favorable, providing separation of T6P from sucrose-6-phosphate and minimizing ionization suppression. Replacing ammonium acetate with TEA enhanced T6P signal intensities more than four times. The optimized method allowed quantification of T6P in plant extracts with good linearity (r2 > 0.99) within a biologically relevant concentration range. The limit of quantification was 80 nM in Arabidopsis extracts, corresponding to 33 pmol/g plant fresh weight. The CE-MS method was applied to the determination of T6P in seedlings from wild type (WT) Arabidopsis and mutants lacking the trehalase AtTRE1, tre1-1, challenged with trehalose or sorbitol. T6P accumulation in tre1-1 plants grown on sorbitol was about twice the level of T6P found in WT. CE-MS is shown to be a fast and reliable technique to analyze phosphodisaccharides for seedling extracts. The low sample volume requirement of CE and its direct MS coupling makes it an attractive alternative for anion-exchange liquid chromatography–MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Delatte
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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24
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Vandesteene L, Ramon M, Le Roy K, Van Dijck P, Rolland F. A single active trehalose-6-P synthase (TPS) and a family of putative regulatory TPS-like proteins in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:406-19. [PMID: 20100798 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants typically do not produce trehalose in large amounts, but their genome sequences reveal large families of putative trehalose metabolism enzymes. An important regulatory role in plant growth and development is also emerging for the metabolic intermediate trehalose-6-P (T6P). Here, we present an update on Arabidopsis trehalose metabolism and a resource for further detailed analyses. In addition, we provide evidence that Arabidopsis encodes a single trehalose-6-P synthase (TPS) next to a family of catalytically inactive TPS-like proteins that might fulfill specific regulatory functions in actively growing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Vandesteene
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Plant Metabolic Signaling Group, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-bus 2438, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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25
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Schluepmann H, Paul M. Trehalose Metabolites in Arabidopsis-elusive, active and central. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2009; 7:e0122. [PMID: 22303248 PMCID: PMC3243345 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is an alpha, alpha-1, 1-linked glucose disaccharide. In plants, trehalose is synthesized in two steps. Firstly, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) converts UDP-glucose and glucose-6-phosphate to trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P); secondly, T6P-phosphatase (TPP) converts T6P into trehalose and Pi. Trehalose is further cleaved into glucose by trehalase. In extracts of most plants, including Arabidopsis, levels of both trehalose and T6P are low, nearing detection limits, and this has delayed research into their function. Trehalose is transported widely in plants, but transport of T6P is not thought to occur except possibly at the subcellular level. Feeding trehalose to Arabidopsis seedlings alters carbon allocation with massive starch accumulation in cotyledons and leaves and absence of starch and growth in shoot and root apices.The Arabidopsis genome has experienced extensive radiation of genes likely encoding enzymes of T6P metabolism: 4 and 10 genes are found with homology to TPS and TPP respectively and 7 genes are found with homology to both TPS and TPP. Complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants has shown that AtTPS1, AtTPPA and AtTPPB are functional enzymes. In contrast just a single gene encoding a protein with trehalase activity has been found. Whilst most TPS proteins appear cytosolic, strikingly, some TPPs appear targeted to chloroplasts; trehalase on the other hand is extracellular. Transporters of trehalose and T6P have yet to be described. Arabidopsis tps1 mutants are embryo lethal and results suggest that T6P is essential for several other steps in development including root growth and floral transition. Accordingly, altering T6P content has a profound effect on plant habitus and impacts metabolite profiles, sugar utilization and photosynthesis. These large effects have hindered dissection of cause and effect. In contrast, plants with large alterations in sucrose-6-phosphate concentrations are indistinguishable from wild type, suggesting very different functions for these compounds. Recently, T6P at low micromolar concentrations has been shown in vitro and in vivo to inhibit SnRK1 of the SNF1/AMPK group of protein kinases. This supports a function for T6P as a sugar signaling molecule integrating metabolism and development in plants in relation to carbon supply.Genetic engineering of Arabidopsis as well as tobacco, potato and rice with TPS or TPS/TPP protein fusions reveals that trehalose metabolism also mediates multiple abiotic stress tolerances. Trehalose applications also mediate biotic stress resistances. Both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TPS/TPP protein fusions can be used to engineer stress tolerance suggesting that metabolites rather than proteins of the trehalose pathway are key stress tolerance elicitors. Results underscore the central role of trehalose metabolites in integrating carbon metabolism and stress responses with plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Schluepmann
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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