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Oldak L, Basa A, Milewska P, Chludzinska-Kasperuk S, Starosz A, Grubczak K, Kobus K, Reszec-Gielazyn J, Gorodkiewicz E. Preliminary studies on changes in the amount of tryptophan metabolites in human glioma tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1327:343149. [PMID: 39266061 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed and validated methods for the determination of three major tryptophan metabolites metabolized by the kynurenine pathway, namely kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). KYN and 3-HK were determined using RP-HPLC-UV, and 3-HAA using RP-HPLC-FL. We then developed a comparative method based on CE-UV. The developed methods were validated and 36 samples of human brain glioma tissue homogenates were assayed in all 4 grades of malignancy, and the concentration levels of assayed metabolites were compared with available clinical data. RESULTS Each of the methods is characterized by high precision, accuracy and repeatability, and the determined LOQ values indicate the possibility of performing quantitative analysis on the available samples of human glioma tumors (36 samples in grades G1-G4). The concentration values of selected metabolites obtained using HPLC methods were subjected to statistical analysis and preliminary clinical data processing. We found statistically significant differences in the concentrations of KYN, 3-HK and 3-HAA between the various grades of the disease, and characterized these differences more precisely by means of the Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test. We did not find that the patient's environment or habits significantly affected the metabolites concentration of the study samples population. In addition, we showed a high positive correlation between KYN, 3-HK and 3-HAA, which appears to be a characteristic that describes metabolic changes of Trp in relation to KYN, 3-HK and 3-HAA, and indicates potential diagnostic value. SIGNIFICANCE The preliminary studies carried out contribute new knowledge on the molecular basis of human brain glioma. They also provide valuable information useful for the development of glioma diagnostics, differentiation of disease grades and assessment of the patient's condition. The obtained relationships between metabolite concentrations and the grade of malignancy of the disease and correlations between metabolite concentrations constitute the basis for further broader biochemical and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Oldak
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Basa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Milewska
- Biobank, Biobank at Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kobus
- Private Surgical Clinic in Bialystok, Dr. Kobus Chirurgia, Fabryczna 20, 15-482, Poland.
| | - Joanna Reszec-Gielazyn
- Biobank, Biobank at Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Medical Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
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Li X, Cheng X, Shi Y, Jian C, Zhu W, Bao H, Jiang M, Peng Z, Hu Y, Chen J, Shu X. Mixed probiotics reduce the severity of stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:450-458. [PMID: 38537751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in the spheres of research and public health. As a result, studies have increasingly explored the potential of probiotic dietary supplements as treatment interventions for conditions such as anxiety and depression. The present study examined the effect of mixed probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium) on inflammation, microbiome composition, and depressive-like behaviors in a macaque monkey model. The mixed probiotics effectively reduced the severity of depressive-like behaviors in macaque monkeys. Further, treatment with mixed probiotics gradually increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, improving the balance of the gut microbiota. Additionally, macaques treated with the mixed probiotics showed decreased serum levels of inflammatory factors (P < 0.05), an increased rate of L-tryptophan metabolism (P < 0.05), and the restoration of 5-HT and 5-HTP levels (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis confirmed that Lacticaseibacillus and other beneficial bacteria exhibited a negative correlation with inflammation in the body (P < 0.05), and a positive correlation with tryptophan metabolism (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the mixed probiotics effectively restored intestinal homeostasis in macaques and enhanced tryptophan metabolism, ultimately alleviating inflammation and depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xukai Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chenxing Jian
- College of Clinical Medicine for Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haijun Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mi Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zuojie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinhuang Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiaogang Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Adibi JJ, Zhao Y, Koistinen H, Mitchell RT, Barrett ES, Miller R, O'Connor TG, Xun X, Liang HW, Birru R, Smith M, Moog NK. Molecular pathways in placental-fetal development and disruption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112075. [PMID: 37852527 PMCID: PMC10958409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures, given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4- and 12-weeks' gestation. One way to quantify potential harm to the fetus in the first trimester is to measure a corollary effect on the placenta. Placental biomarkers are widely present in maternal circulation, cord blood, and placental tissue biopsied at birth or at the time of pregnancy termination. Here we evaluate ten diverse pathways involving molecules expressed in the first trimester human placenta based on their relevance to normal fetal development and to the hypothesis of placental-fetal endocrine disruption (perturbation in development that results in abnormal endocrine function in the offspring), namely: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thyroid hormone regulation, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), leptin, transforming growth factor beta, epiregulin, growth differentiation factor 15, small nucleolar RNAs, serotonin, and vitamin D. Some of these are well-established as biomarkers of placental-fetal endocrine disruption, while others are not well studied and were selected based on discovery analyses of the placental transcriptome. A literature search on these biomarkers summarizes evidence of placenta-specific production and regulation of each biomarker, and their role in fetal reproductive tract, brain, and other specific domains of fetal development. In this review, we extend the theory of fetal programming to placental-fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Population Health Bio-Sciences, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Croce AC, Garbelli A, Moyano A, Soldano S, Tejeda-Guzmán C, Missirlis F, Scolari F. Developmental and Nutritional Dynamics of Malpighian Tubule Autofluorescence in the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:245. [PMID: 38203417 PMCID: PMC10778832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malpighian tubules (MTs) are arthropod excretory organs crucial for the osmoregulation, detoxification and excretion of xenobiotics and metabolic wastes, which include tryptophan degradation products along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Specifically, the toxic intermediate 3-hydroxy kynurenine (3-HK) is metabolized through transamination to xanthurenic acid or in the synthesis of ommochrome pigments. Early investigations in Drosophila larval fat bodies revealed an intracellular autofluorescence (AF) that depended on tryptophan administration. Subsequent observations documented AF changes in the MTs of Drosophila eye-color mutants genetically affecting the conversion of tryptophan to KYN or 3-HK and the intracellular availability of zinc ions. In the present study, the AF properties of the MTs in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, were characterized in different stages of the insect's life cycle, tryptophan-administered larvae and blood-fed adult females. Confocal imaging and microspectroscopy showed AF changes in the distribution of intracellular, brilliant granules and in the emission spectral shape and amplitude between the proximal and distal segments of MTs across the different samples. The findings suggest AF can serve as a promising marker for investigating the functional status of MTs in response to metabolic alterations, contributing to the use of MTs as a potential research model in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Garbelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Moyano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Soldano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.T.-G.); (F.M.)
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.T.-G.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Arvinte A, Lungoci AL, Coroaba A, Pinteala M. Electrochemical Sensor for Tryptophan Determination Based on Trimetallic-CuZnCo-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes. Molecules 2023; 29:28. [PMID: 38202611 PMCID: PMC10779962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The superior properties of electrodeposited trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles, arising from the synergistic effect of combining the unique features of metallic components, were confirmed using voltametric measurements. The surface morphology and structure of the as-prepared electrocatalysts were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Here, the trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles were synthesized as a powerful redox probe and highly efficient signal amplifier for the electrochemical oxidation of tryptophan. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed a linear relationship with a tryptophan concentration of 5-230 μM, and the low detection limit was identified at 1.1 μM with a sensitivity of 0.1831 μA μM-1 cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Arvinte
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania (A.C.); (M.P.)
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6
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Yildirim V, Simsek S, Cetin I, Dokuyucu R. Kynurenine, Kynurenic Acid, Quinolinic Acid and Interleukin-6 Levels in the Serum of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1906. [PMID: 38003955 PMCID: PMC10673218 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It is known that inflammatory processes play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is also reported that immune activation induces the kynurenine pathway (KP), as known as the tryptophan destruction pathway. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the serum levels of KP products and interleukin (IL)-6 activating indolamine 2-3 dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme are different in healthy developing children and children with ASD. Materials and Methods: Forty-three ASD children aged 2-9 were included in this study. Forty-two healthy developing children, similar to the patient group in terms of age and gender, were selected as the control group. Serum levels of kynurenic acid, kynurenine, quinolinic acid and IL-6 were analyzed using the ELISA method. ASD severity was evaluated with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Results: The mean age of children with ASD was 42.4 ± 20.5 months, and that of healthy controls was 48.1 ± 15.8 months. While the serum levels of kynurenic acid, kynurenine and interleukin-6 were higher in the group with ASD (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in terms of the quinolinic acid level. There was no significant difference between the ABC total and subscale scores of children with ASD and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that these biomarkers must be measured in all ASD cases. They may be important for the diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli Yildirim
- Special Clinic, Department of Child Psychiatry, Yenişehir, Mersin 33110, Turkey;
| | - Seref Simsek
- Special Clinic, Department of Child Psychiatry, Antalya 07000, Turkey;
| | - Ihsan Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Batman University, Batman 72040, Turkey;
| | - Recep Dokuyucu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Atlas University, Istanbul 34413, Turkey
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Abdel-Aal FAM, Kamel RM, Abdeltawab AA, Mohamed FA, Mohamed AMI. Polypyrrole/carbon dot nanocomposite as an electrochemical biosensor for liquid biopsy analysis of tryptophan in the human serum of normal and breast cancer women. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4985-5001. [PMID: 37401962 PMCID: PMC10386971 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy analysis represents a suitable alternative analysis procedure in several cases where no tumor tissue is available or in poor patient conditions. Amino acids can play a crucial role in aiding cancer diagnosis. Monitoring of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism can aid in tracking cancer progression. Therefore, a novel nanocomposite was fabricated using overoxidized polypyrrole film doped with nano-carbon dots (nano-CDs) on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface for sensitive evaluation of Trp in human serum. Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the overoxidized polypyrrole/carbon dots/pencil graphite electrode (Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE) achieved excellent electrochemical catalytic activity for evaluating Trp. The modified electrode, known as Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE, demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic activity compared to bare PGE, CDs/PGE, PPy/PGE, and PPy/CDs/PGE for evaluation of Trp. The method's excellent sensitivity was confirmed by the low limits of detection (LOD = 0.003 μmol L-1) and limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.009 μmol L-1). The biosensor that was developed can measure tryptophan (Trp) levels in the serum of both healthy individuals and female breast cancer patients with high accuracy and sensitivity. The results indicate that there is a significant difference, as shown by the F-test, between healthy individuals and those with breast cancer. This suggests that Trp amino acid could be an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Consequently, liquid biopsy analysis presents a valuable opportunity for early disease detection, particularly for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdeltawab
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Fardous A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Maaboud I Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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8
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Liang SS, Shen PT, Liang YQ, Ke YW, Cheng CW, Lin YR. Assisted Reductive Amination for Quantitation of Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, and Serotonin by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:4580. [PMID: 37375135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we used isotopic formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride via reductive amination to label two methyl groups on primary amine to arrange the standards (h2-formaldehyde-modified) and internal standards (ISs, d2-formaldehyde-modified) of tryptophan and its metabolites, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and 5-hydroxytryptophan. These derivatized reactions with a high yield are very satisfactory for manufacturing standards and ISs. This strategy will generate one or two methyl groups on amine to create different mass unit shifts with 14 vs. 16 or 28 vs. 32 in individual compounds for biomolecules with amine groups. In other words, multiples of two mass units shift are created using this derivatized method with isotopic formaldehyde. Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and tryptophan were used as examples to demonstrate isotopic formaldehyde-generating standards and ISs. h2-formaldehyde-modified serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and tryptophan are standards to construct calibration curves, and d2-formaldehyde-modified analogs such as ISs spike into samples to normalize the signal of each detection. We utilized multiple reaction monitoring modes and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to demonstrate the derivatized method suitable for these three nervous biomolecules. The derivatized method demonstrated a linearity range of the coefficient of determinations between 0.9938 to 0.9969. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 1.39 to 15.36 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsun Shen
- Protein Chemistry Core Laboratory, Core Instrument Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Qing Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Ke
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Cheng
- Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
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9
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Hosokawa S, Morinishi T, Ohara K, Yamaguchi K, Tada S, Tokuhara Y. A spectrophotometric method for the determination of tryptophan following oxidation by the addition of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279547. [PMID: 36701407 PMCID: PMC9879471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that functions in various biological processes and human daily health. As the significant functions of Trp become more apparent, its measurement is becoming increasingly important in various situations. Herein, we improved the Trp color reaction based on the Hopkins-Cole reaction and established a simple colorimetric method for Trp determination using several different reagents, including sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate and monosodium glutamate. The detection method can be performed using safe materials, rather than conventional toxic substances, and induces a crimson color change with an absorption peak at 525 nm, enabling the quantification of Trp by simple spectrophotometry in just 10 min. This assay exhibited a linear detection range from 10 to 100 mg/L (R2 = 0.9996). The average recoveries in the spiked cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 90.5% to 104.3%, with a relative standard deviation of 0.27% (n = 3, 29.40 mg/L Trp) to 1.19% (n = 3, 72.90 mg/L Trp). This novel spectrophotometric method may enable many researchers and laboratory technicians to detect Trp in various sample solutions without expensive analytical instruments or complicated operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hosokawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morinishi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tada
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tokuhara
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Carneiro IBC, Toscano AE, da Cunha MDSB, Lacerda DC, Pontes PB, de Castro RM, de Jesus Deiró TCB, Medeiros JMB. Serotonergic mechanisms associated with experimental models of hypoxia: A systematic review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:668-680. [PMID: 35996828 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to explore and discuss the literature concerning the effects of hypoxia or anoxia during the perinatal period on the serotoninergic network in rodents, through mechanisms that lead to changes in serotonergic neurons, levels, segments of central nervous system affected, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT receptor. METHODS Literature searches were performed in Embase, Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and SCOPUS, from April to July 2021, with a total of 1045 published studies found. Using a predefined protocol, as registered on the CAMARADES website, 10 articles were included in this review. The PRISMA statement was used for reporting this systematic review. The internal validity was assessed using the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. RESULTS Our main findings show that hypoxia in the first days of postnatal life led to a disturbance in the serotonergic system with reduced in 5-HT fibers, reduced brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, reduced SERT protein expression, and reduced receptor 5-HT7 . Putative mechanisms involving damage in the serotoninergic system include retrograde cell death resulting from primary damage mainly in forebrain areas, which impairs remote areas including serotonergic raphe nuclei. Other probable mechanisms associated with the serotoninergic network damage may be triggered by excitotoxic lesion and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Hypoxia at the beginning of an animal's life leads to modification of the serotonergic components associated with putative mechanisms that include cell damage and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Sá Barreto da Cunha
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia. Estrada da Prainha s/n, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Paula Brielle Pontes
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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11
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Fukushima T, Umino M, Sakamoto T, Onozato M. A review of chromatographic methods for bioactive tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, and others, in biological fluids. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5308. [PMID: 34978092 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
sKynurenine (KYN) is synthesized from an essential amino acid, tryptophan by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase via N-formyl- KYN in vivo. Subsequently, KYN acts as a precursor of some neuroactive metabolites such as kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, and an important enzyme co-factor, nicotine adenine dinucleotide. These metabolites of tryptophan are a part of the "kynurenine pathway." In addition, KYN functions as an endogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which acts as a transcription factor. The levels of tryptophan metabolites are important for the assessment of the stage of neurological disorders, and hence, have garnered significant interest for clinical diagnosis. In this review, the detection of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, and other tryptophan metabolites performed via chromatographic methods such as HPLC using UV absorbance, fluorescence, and chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maho Umino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayu Onozato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Fuentes-Lemus E, Reyes JS, Gamon LF, López-Alarcón C, Davies MJ. Effect of macromolecular crowding on protein oxidation: Consequences on the rate, extent and oxidation pathways. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102202. [PMID: 34856437 PMCID: PMC8640551 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems are heterogeneous and crowded environments. Such packed milieus are expected to modulate reactions both inside and outside the cell, including protein oxidation. In this work, we explored the effect of macromolecular crowding on the rate and extent of oxidation of Trp and Tyr, in free amino acids, peptides and proteins. These species were chosen as they are readily oxidized and contribute to damage propagation. Dextran was employed as an inert crowding agent, as this polymer decreases the fraction of volume available to other (macro)molecules. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that dextran enhanced the rate of oxidation of free Trp, and peptide Trp, elicited by AAPH-derived peroxyl radicals. For free Trp, the rates of oxidation were 15.0 ± 2.1 and 30.5 ± 3.4 μM min-1 without and with dextran (60 mg mL-1) respectively. Significant increases were also detected for peptide-incorporated Trp. Dextran increased the extent of Trp consumption (up to 2-fold) and induced short chain reactions. In contrast, Tyr oxidation was not affected by the presence of dextran. Studies on proteins, using SDS-PAGE and LC-MS, indicated that oxidation was also affected by crowding, with enhanced amino acid loss (45% for casein), chain reactions and altered extents of oligomer formation. The overall effects of dextran-mediated crowding were however dependent on the protein structure. Overall, these data indicate that molecular crowding, as commonly encountered in biological systems affect the rates, and extents of oxidation, and particularly of Trp residues, illustrating the importance of appropriate choice of in vitro systems to study biological oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Juan Sebastián Reyes
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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13
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Abdel Khalek MA, Abdel Gaber SA, El-Domany RA, El-Kemary MA. Photoactive electrospun cellulose acetate/polyethylene oxide/methylene blue and trilayered cellulose acetate/polyethylene oxide/silk fibroin/ciprofloxacin nanofibers for chronic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1752-1766. [PMID: 34774864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize cellulose acetate (CA)-based electrospun nanofibers as drug delivery dressings for chronic wound healing. For the first time, CA was blended with polyethylene oxide (PEO) using acetone and formic acid. Methylene blue (MB) was incorporated into monolayered random CA/PEO nanofibers. They had a diameter of 400-600 nm, were hydrophilic, and generated reactive oxygen species upon irradiation. Thus, they mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) against isolated biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial survival, biofilm mass, and produced pyocyanin of the treated groups declined by 90%, 80%, and 3 folds, respectively. On the other hand, ciprofloxacin (Cipro) was loaded into an innovative trilayered aligned nanofiber consisting of CA/PEO surrounding a blank layer of silk fibroin. Cipro and MB release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. An infected diabetic wound mouse model was established and treated with either MB-aPDI or Cipro. A combined therapy group of MB-aPDI followed by Cipro was included. The combined therapy showed significantly better results than monotherapies delineated by elevation in re-epithelization, collagen deposition, CD34, and TGF-β expression, along with a decline in CD95+ cells. This study deduced that drug-loaded CA electrospun nanofibers might be exploited in multimodal chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel Khalek
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged A El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
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14
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Duarte Neto JMW, Silva JDC, Sousa F, Gonçalves OSL, Wanderley MCDA, Sarmento B, Lima CDA, Neves-Petersen MT, Porto ALF. Structural and functional analysis of broad pH and thermal stable protease from Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:578-589. [PMID: 34533419 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1972429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to better characterize a recently purified stable extracellular alkaline peptidase produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum (URM 4622) through fluorescence spectroscopy, far-UV circular dichroism, kinetic and thermodynamic models to understand its' structure-activity and denaturation. Fluorescence data showed that changing pH leads to tryptophan residues exposure to more hydrophilic environments at optimum activity pH 9.0 and 10.0. When thermally treated, it displayed less unfolding at these pH values, along with 4-fold less photoproducts formation than at neutral pH. Different pH CD spectra showed more β-sheet (21.5-43.0%) than α-helix (1-6.2%). At pH9.0, more than 2-fold higher α-helix content than any other pH. The melting temperature (Tm) was observed between 50 and 60 °C at all pH studied, with lower Tm at pH 9.0-11.0 (54.9-50.3 °C). The protease displayed two phase transition, with two energies of denaturation, and a 4-fold higher thermal stability (ΔH°m) than reports for other microorganism's proteases. An irreversible folding transition occurs between 50 and 60 °C. It displayed energies of denaturation suggesting higher thermal stability than reported for other microorganism's proteases. These results help elucidating the applicability of this new stable protease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Neves-Petersen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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15
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Kato D, Kamata T, Sumimoto M. Electrochemical Detection of Tryptophan Metabolites via Kynurenine Pathway by Using Nanocarbon Films. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kato
- Health and Medical Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Health and Medical Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
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16
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Copper binding by a unique family of metalloproteins is dependent on kynurenine formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100680118. [PMID: 34074779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100680118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some methane-oxidizing bacteria use the ribosomally synthesized, posttranslationally modified natural product methanobactin (Mbn) to acquire copper for their primary metabolic enzyme, particulate methane monooxygenase. The operons encoding the machinery to biosynthesize and transport Mbns typically include genes for two proteins, MbnH and MbnP, which are also found as a pair in other genomic contexts related to copper homeostasis. While the MbnH protein, a member of the bacterial diheme cytochrome c peroxidase (bCcP)/MauG superfamily, has been characterized, the structure and function of MbnP, the relationship between the two proteins, and their role in copper homeostasis remain unclear. Biochemical characterization of MbnP from the methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b now reveals that MbnP binds a single copper ion, present in the +1 oxidation state, with high affinity. Copper binding to MbnP in vivo is dependent on oxidation of the first tryptophan in a conserved WxW motif to a kynurenine, a transformation that occurs through an interaction of MbnH with MbnP. The 2.04-Å-resolution crystal structure of MbnP reveals a unique fold and an unusual copper-binding site involving a histidine, a methionine, a solvent ligand, and the kynurenine. Although the kynurenine residue may not serve as a CuI primary-sphere ligand, being positioned ∼2.9 Å away from the CuI ion, its presence is required for copper binding. Genomic neighborhood analysis indicates that MbnP proteins, and by extension kynurenine-containing copper sites, are widespread and may play diverse roles in microbial copper homeostasis.
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17
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The Different Colors of mAbs in Solution. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10020021. [PMID: 34073775 PMCID: PMC8161444 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The color of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody solution is a critical quality attribute. Consistency of color is typically assessed at time of release and during stability studies against preset criteria for late stage clinical and commercial products. A therapeutic protein solution's color may be determined by visual inspection or by more quantitative methods as per the different geographical area compendia. The nature and intensity of the color of a therapeutic protein solution is typically determined relative to calibrated standards. This review covers the analytical methodologies used for determining the color of a protein solution and presents an overview of protein variants and impurities known to contribute to colored recombinant therapeutic protein solutions.
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18
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İriz A, Şemsi R, Eser B, Arslan B, Dinçel AS. The evaluation of serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:1389-1398. [PMID: 33222028 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway may play a role in certain physiological functions such as behavior, sleep, thermoregulation, and pregnancy. Tryptophan (Trp) is oxidized with tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Under normal conditions, hepatic kynurenine is a transcription factor and IDO expression in healthy tissues is very low. The ratio of Kyn to Trp can be used as an indicator to assess IDO activity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Kyn/Trp ratio and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) disease activity. METHODS Study participants were categorized in 3 groups: Group 1 included patients with mild OSAS, Group 2, patients with moderate to severe OSAS, and Group 3, individuals considered normal to serve as controls. The demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) measurements were performed by diagnostic polysomnography (PSG). Trp and Kyn levels were determined by HPLC-UV method. RESULTS Group 1 included 30 patients (18 men) with mild OSAS; Group 2 included 42 patients (31 men) with moderate to severe OSAS; and Group 3 included 25 controls (13 men). While there was no statistically significant difference between the levels of tryptophan and kynurenine in the groups, a significant difference was found between the Kyn/Trp ratios. A significant correlation was observed in individuals with a body mass index less than 25 with the Kyn/Trp ratio. In individuals with mild OSAS, a significant correlation was observed between ODI and BMI. In individuals with moderate to severe OSAS, there was a significant correlation between ODI, AHI, and BMI. CONCLUSION In this study, there was no relationship between OSAS disease severity and IDO activity as assessed by immunoreactivity via the Kyn/Trp pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe İriz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Ear-Nose-Throat), Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rabia Şemsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Eser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Gülhane Institute of Health Sciences, R&D Centre, Chromatography Laboratory, The University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Arslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sepici Dinçel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Xu J, Kralles ZT, Hart CH, Dai N. Effects of Sunlight on the Formation Potential of Dichloroacetonitrile and Bromochloroacetonitrile from Wastewater Effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3245-3255. [PMID: 32068383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight plays an important role in transforming effluent organic matter as wastewater effluents travel downstream, but the corresponding effects on the formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs), a group of toxic disinfection byproducts, in wastewater-impacted surface water have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we observed that sunlight preferentially attenuated the formation potential of bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN-FP) over that of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN-FP) in chlorine- and UV-disinfected secondary effluents. For four effluent samples from different plants, 36 h of irradiation by simulated sunlight removed 28-33% of DCAN-FP and 41-48% of BCAN-FP. Across a larger set of effluent samples (n = 18), 8 h of irradiation (equivalent to 2-3 d of natural sunlight) decreased the calculated cytotoxicity contributed by dihaloacetonitrile-FP in most samples. Similar behavior was observed for a mixture of wastewater and surface water (volume ratio 1:1). For UV-disinfected effluents, the higher the UV dose, the more likely was there a reduction in DCAN-FP and BCAN-FP in the subsequent sunlight irradiation. Experiments with model compounds showed that fulvic acid and UV photoproducts of tryptophan yield excited triplet-state organic matters during sunlight irradiation and play an important role in promoting the attenuation of HAN precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xu
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zachary T Kralles
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Christine H Hart
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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20
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Quantitation of Four Tryptophan-Related Impurities in Compound Amino Acid Injection-18 AA by HPLC–PDA. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is metabolized via the kynurenine and serotonin pathways, leading to the generation of biologically active compounds, such as serotonin, melatonin and niacin. In addition to endogenous TRP metabolism, resident gut microbiota also contributes to the production of specific TRP metabolites and indirectly influences host physiology. The variety of physiologic functions regulated by TRP reflects the complex pattern of diseases associated with altered homeostasis. Indeed, an imbalance in the synthesis of TRP metabolites has been associated with pathophysiologic mechanisms occurring in neurologic and psychiatric disorders, in chronic immune activation and in the immune escape of cancer. In this chapter, the role of TRP metabolism in health and disease is presented. Disorders involving the central nervous system, malignancy, inflammatory bowel and cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comai
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonella Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Brughera
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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22
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Dhakar NK, Caldera F, Bessone F, Cecone C, Pedrazzo AR, Cavalli R, Dianzani C, Trotta F. Evaluation of solubility enhancement, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity studies of kynurenic acid loaded cyclodextrin nanosponge. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115168. [PMID: 31472867 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid demonstrates antioxidant, neuroprotective and free radical scavenging properties. However, low aqueous solubility of kynurenic acid limits its therapeutic activity. In the present study, cyclodextrin nanosponges were used to improve the solubility and therapeutic activity of kynurenic acid. The formation of kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge was confirmed by different characterization techniques. The solubility of kynurenic acid was significantly increased with nanosponge (111.1 μg/ml) compared to free kynurenic acid (16.4 μg/ml) and β-cyclodextrin (28.6 μg/ml). High drug loading (19.06%) and encapsulation efficiency (95.31%) were achieved with NS. The particle size and zeta potential of kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge was around 255.8 nm and -23 mV respectively. Moreover, higher solubilization of kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge produced better antioxidant activity compared to free kynurenic acid. The kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge and blank nanosponge were found nontoxic in the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, these studies demonstrated that nanosponges can be used as a carrier for the delivery of kynurenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh K Dhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Bessone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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23
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Barnett GV, Balakrishnan G, Chennamsetty N, Hoffman L, Bongers J, Tao L, Huang Y, Slaney T, Das TK, Leone A, Kar SR. Probing the Tryptophan Environment in Therapeutic Proteins: Implications for Higher Order Structure on Tryptophan Oxidation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1944-1952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Davis AG, Rohlwink UK, Proust A, Figaji AA, Wilkinson RJ. The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:267-280. [PMID: 30645042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Dissemination of TB to the brain results in the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which represents a medical emergency associated with high rates of mortality and disability. Via various mechanisms the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacillus disseminates from the primary site of infection and overcomes protective barriers to enter the CNS. There it induces an inflammatory response involving both the peripheral and resident immune cells, which initiates a cascade of pathologic mechanisms that may either contain the disease or result in significant brain injury. Here we review the steps from primary infection to cerebral disease, factors that contribute to the virulence of the organism and the vulnerability of the host and discuss the immune response and the clinical manifestations arising. Priorities for future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad Grace Davis
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ursula Karin Rohlwink
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Alizé Proust
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony A Figaji
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Determination of Tryptophan and Its Major Metabolites in Fluid from the Anterior Chamber of the Eye in Diabetic Patients with Cataract by Liquid Chromotography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113012. [PMID: 30453653 PMCID: PMC6278302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is to an essential amino acid and its catabolites are significant to human health. By using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS), levels of three major components of kynurenic pathway namely tryptophan (TRP), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and kynurenine (KYN) in fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye were determined. The analysis was carried out on a Synergi 4 μ Fusion-RP column using gradient elution mode. For quantitative determination, l-tryptophan-amino-15N, 99 ATOM % 15N was used as an internal standard. The method was linear in the concentration range 4–2000 ng mL−1 for TRP, KYNA and KYN. The mean recoveries measured at four concentration levels for TRP, KYN and KYNA included the following ranges 94.3–96.1; 91.0–95.0; and 96.0–97.6%, respectively. The intra-day precision parameters were smaller than 4.4, 6.4 and 5% respectively. The developed method was applied to study the level of TRP, KYNA and KYN in eye fluid for the retrospective case series which included 28 patients suffering from cataracts and diabetes (n = 8). The experimental data was subjected to statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed clear differences in the level of TRP catabolites and the ratios of TRP/KYN representing the activities of specific enzyme of kynurenine pathway in examined groups of patients. A level of probability p < 0.05 was used throughout a paper to denote statistically significant differences between the groups.
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26
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Anbaraki A, Ghahramani M, Muranov KO, Kurganov BI, Yousefi R. Structural and functional alteration of human αA-crystallin after exposure to full spectrum solar radiation and preventive role of lens antioxidants. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1120-1130. [PMID: 29964111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The chronically exposure of eye lenses to ultra violet and visible light of the solar radiation is an important risk factor for development of the senile cataract diseases. Various photosensitizer molecules including riboflavin (RF) play a significant role in photo-oxidative damages of lens proteins underlying development of opacity in the lenticular tissues. In the current study, RF-mediated photo-oxidation of human αA-crystallin (αA-Cry) was assessed using SDS-PAGE analysis, dynamic light scattering and other spectroscopic assessments. The RF-photosensitized reactions led to non-disulfide covalent cross-linking, oligomerization and significant structural changes in αA-Cry. The photo-damaging of αA-Cry under solar radiation was also accompanied by the reduction in both Trp and Tyr fluorescence intensities which followed by the formation of new photosensitizer chromophores. The solvent exposed hydrophobic patches, secondary structures and chaperone-like activity of αA-Cry were significantly altered after exposure to the solar radiation in the presence of RF. Although glutathione and ascorbate were capable to partially protect the photo-induced structural damages of human αA-Cry, they also disrupted its chaperone function when co-exposed with this protein to the solar radiation. Also, the most promising data were obtained with cysteine which its availability in the lenticular tissues is a rate limiting factor for the biosynthesis of glutathione. Overall our results suggest that glutathione and ascorbate, as the major anti-oxidant compounds within lenticular tissues, demonstrate controversial effect on structure and chaperone-like activity of human αA-Cry. Elucidation of this effect may demand further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Anbaraki
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Konstantin O Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris I Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sinclair LV, Neyens D, Ramsay G, Taylor PM, Cantrell DA. Single cell analysis of kynurenine and System L amino acid transport in T cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1981. [PMID: 29773791 PMCID: PMC5958064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan metabolite kynurenine has critical immunomodulatory properties and can function as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand. Here we show that the ability of T cells to transport kynurenine is restricted to cells activated by the T-cell antigen receptor or proinflammatory cytokines. Kynurenine is transported across the T-cell membrane by the System L transporter SLC7A5. Accordingly, the ability of kynurenine to activate the AHR is restricted to T cells that express SLC7A5. We use the fluorescence spectral properties of kynurenine to develop a flow cytometry-based assay for rapid, sensitive and quantitative measurement of the kynurenine transport capacity in a single cell. Our findings provide a method to assess the susceptibility of T cells to kynurenine, and a sensitive single cell assay to monitor System L amino acid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda V Sinclair
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Damien Neyens
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - George Ramsay
- Department of General Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK.,Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Peter M Taylor
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Doreen A Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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28
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Arnhard K, Pitterl F, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D, Koal T, Oberacher H. A validated liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid in human plasma. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1171-1180. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Arnhard
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Florian Pitterl
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry; Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry II; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry; Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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29
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Lunde-Young R, Davis-Anderson K, Naik V, Nemec M, Wu G, Ramadoss J. Regional dysregulation of taurine and related amino acids in the fetal rat brain following gestational alcohol exposure. Alcohol 2018; 66:27-33. [PMID: 29127884 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fetal brain exhibits exquisite alcohol-induced regional neuronal vulnerability. A candidate mechanism for alcohol-mediated brain deficits is disruption of amino acid (AA) bioavailability. AAs are vitally important for proper neurodevelopment, as they comprise the most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain and act as neurotransmitter precursors, nitric oxide donors, antioxidants, and neurotrophic factors, which induce synaptogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and migration. We hypothesized that gestational alcohol alters brain AA concentrations, disrupts AAs associated with neuropathogenesis, and that alterations are region-specific. We assigned pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to either a pair-fed control or a binge alcohol treatment group on gestational day (GD) 4. Alcohol animals were acclimatized via a once-daily orogastric gavage of a 4.5 g/kg alcohol dose from GD 5-10, and progressed to a 6 g/kg alcohol dose from GD 11-20. Pair-fed animals received isocaloric maltose dextrin (once daily; GD 5-20). Fetal cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus were collected on GD 21. Following collection, Fluorometric High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) involving pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde quantified regional content of 22 AAs. Chronic binge alcohol administration to pregnant dams regionally altered AA concentrations in all three structures, with the cerebral cortex exhibiting the least vulnerability and the hippocampus exhibiting maximal vulnerability. We conjecture that the AA imbalances observed in this study are critically implicated in pathological and compensatory processes occurring in the brain in response to gestational alcohol exposure.
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30
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Andersson PO, Lejon C, Mikaelsson T, Landström L. Towards Fingermark Dating: A Raman Spectroscopy Proof-of-Concept Study. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:706-709. [PMID: 29226058 PMCID: PMC5715318 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingermarks have, for a long time, been vital in the forensic community for the identification of individuals, and a possibility to non‐destructively date the fingermarks would of course be beneficial. Raman spectroscopy is, herein, evaluated for the purpose of estimating the age of fingermarks deposits. Well‐resolved spectra were non‐destructively acquired to reveal spectral uniqueness, resembling those of epidermis, and several molecular markers were identified that showed different decay kinetics: carotenoids > squalene > unsaturated fatty acids > proteins. The degradation rates were accelerated, less pronounced for proteins, when samples were stored under ambient light conditions, likely owing to photo‐oxidation. It is hypothesized that fibrous proteins are present and that oxidation of amino acid side chains can be observed both through Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. Clearly, Raman spectroscopy is a useful technique to non‐destructively study the aging processes of fingermarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Ola Andersson
- CBRN Defence and Security FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden.,Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Christian Lejon
- CBRN Defence and Security FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden
| | - Therese Mikaelsson
- National CBRN Defence Centre The Swedish Armed Forces SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden
| | - Lars Landström
- CBRN Defence and Security FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden
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31
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Sadok I, Gamian A, Staniszewska MM. Chromatographic analysis of tryptophan metabolites. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3020-3045. [PMID: 28590049 PMCID: PMC5575536 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway generates multiple tryptophan metabolites called collectively kynurenines and leads to formation of the enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The first step in this pathway is tryptophan degradation, initiated by the rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, depending on the tissue. The balanced kynurenine metabolism, which has been a subject of multiple studies in last decades, plays an important role in several physiological and pathological conditions such as infections, autoimmunity, neurological disorders, cancer, cataracts, as well as pregnancy. Understanding the regulation of tryptophan depletion provide novel diagnostic and treatment opportunities, however it requires reliable methods for quantification of kynurenines in biological samples with complex composition (body fluids, tissues, or cells). Trace concentrations, interference of sample components, and instability of some tryptophan metabolites need to be addressed using analytical methods. The novel separation approaches and optimized extraction protocols help to overcome difficulties in analyzing kynurenines within the complex tissue material. Recent developments in chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry provide new opportunity for quantification of tryptophan and its degradation products in various biological samples. In this review, we present current accomplishments in the chromatographic methodologies proposed for detection of tryptophan metabolites and provide a guide for choosing the optimal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary ResearchThe John Paul II Catholic University of LublinLublinPoland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical MicrobiologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
- Department of Medical BiochemistryWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Magdalena Maria Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary ResearchThe John Paul II Catholic University of LublinLublinPoland
- Laboratory of Medical MicrobiologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
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32
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Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and 8 metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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A novel luminescence-functionalized metal-organic framework nanoflowers electrochemiluminesence sensor via “on-off” system. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:436-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Wei H, Hu B, Tang S, Zhao G, Guan Y. Repressor logic modules assembled by rolling circle amplification platform to construct a set of logic gates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37477. [PMID: 27869177 PMCID: PMC5116584 DOI: 10.1038/srep37477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule metabolites and their allosterically regulated repressors play an important role in many gene expression and metabolic disorder processes. These natural sensors, though valuable as good logic switches, have rarely been employed without transcription machinery in cells. Here, two pairs of repressors, which function in opposite ways, were cloned, purified and used to control DNA replication in rolling circle amplification (RCA) in vitro. By using metabolites and repressors as inputs, RCA signals as outputs, four basic logic modules were constructed successfully. To achieve various logic computations based on these basic modules, we designed series and parallel strategies of circular templates, which can further assemble these repressor modules in an RCA platform to realize twelve two-input Boolean logic gates and a three-input logic gate. The RCA-output and RCA-assembled platform was proved to be easy and flexible for complex logic processes and might have application potential in molecular computing and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Shenyang Agricultural University, #120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, #77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, #77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Suming Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, #77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Guojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, #77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, #77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
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35
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Forrest CM, Kennedy PGE, Rodgers J, Dalton RN, Turner C, Darlington LG, Cobb SR, Stone TW. Kynurenine pathway metabolism following prenatal KMO inhibition and in Mecp2 +/- mice, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:110-119. [PMID: 27623092 PMCID: PMC5115650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To quantify the full range of tryptophan metabolites along the kynurenine pathway, a liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and used to analyse brain extracts of rodents treated with the kynurenine-3-mono-oxygenase (KMO) inhibitor Ro61-8048 during pregnancy. There were significant increases in the levels of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK) in the maternal brain after 5 h but not 24 h, while the embryos exhibited high levels of kynurenine, kynurenic acid and anthranilic acid after 5 h which were maintained at 24 h post-treatment. At 24 h there was also a strong trend to an increase in quinolinic acid levels (P = 0.055). No significant changes were observed in any of the other kynurenine metabolites. The results confirm the marked increase in the accumulation of some neuroactive kynurenines when KMO is inhibited, and re-emphasise the potential importance of changes in anthranilic acid. The prolonged duration of metabolite accumulation in the embryo brains indicates a trapping of compounds within the embryonic CNS independently of maternal levels. When brains were examined from young mice heterozygous for the meCP2 gene – a potential model for Rett syndrome - no differences were noted from control mice, suggesting that the proposed roles for kynurenines in autism spectrum disorder are not relevant to Rett syndrome, supporting its recognition as a distinct, independent, condition. Pregnant rats were treated with an inhibitor of kynurenine-3-monoxygenase. Levels of several kynurenine metabolites increased in the maternal and foetal brains. The maternal changes at 5 h disappeared by 24 h, but were maintained in embryos. No changes were noted in the brains of Mecp2+/− mice. KMO inhibition but not Mecp2+/− suppression alters kynurenine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Forrest
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Peter G E Kennedy
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jean Rodgers
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - R Neil Dalton
- WellChild Laboratory, Evelina London Children's Hospital, King's College London, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Charles Turner
- WellChild Laboratory, Evelina London Children's Hospital, King's College London, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - L Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, Surrey, KT21 2SB, UK
| | - Stuart R Cobb
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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36
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Serum serotonin as unexpected potential marker for staging of experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:407-411. [PMID: 27424322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary cancer of the liver. The present study aimed to assess the potential role of the endogenous regulators of angiogenesis like neurotransmitters, as possible HCC biomarkers. Five groups of rats were used in this study (8 rats per each): control healthy group (I), four intoxicated groups (II, III, IV, and V) used for induction of HCC with a single IP dose of diethylnitrosamine (DENA), 200mg/kg. Groups II, III, IV, and V were sacrificed after 8, 16, 24, and 32 weeks of DENA injection respectively. Serum levels of epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine of all animals were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Development of HCC was confirmed histopathologically. Our results showed a significant increase in 3 neurotransmitters (epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, and serotonin) in DENA intoxicated HCC rat model. Only serotonin exhibited a significant increase in early histological stage HCC development (16 weeks post DENA injection) in comparison to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), (24 weeks post DENA injection). These results suggest that neurotransmitters (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine) may have a role as a biomarker for late histological stage HCC. Like AFP, while serotonin may be used for early stage HCC.
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37
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Marcos J, Renau N, Valverde O, Aznar-Laín G, Gracia-Rubio I, Gonzalez-Sepulveda M, Pérez-Jurado LA, Ventura R, Segura J, Pozo OJ. Targeting tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1434:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Fast and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan in amniotic fluid, malignant effusions and wound exudates. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2751-62. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A new HPLC method for the determination of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan using a second-generation monolith stationary phase and high-throughput sample preparation procedure based on microplates was developed and fully validated. Materials & methods: As the stationary phase a monolithic C18 Chromolith high-resolution column with dimensions of 4.6 × 100 mm connected to a monolithic 4.6 × 10-mm security guard was used. Separation was achieved using 15 mM phosphate buffer (KH2PO4 +K2HPO4·3H2O at pH 3) and acetonitrile in gradient mode. Results: Target analytes were determined in 5.5 minutes in amniotic fluid, effusions and wound exudates with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.25 nM for neopterin, 2.5 µM for tryptophan and 0.25 µM for kynurenine. Discussion: The method was applied to real clinical sample measurements, and it will be used to monitor neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan levels in biological fluids to assess the patient response to therapy and clinical status.
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39
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Zhao G, Hu T, Li J, Wei H, Shang H, Guan Y. A novel strategy to analyze L-tryptophan through allosteric Trp repressor based on rolling circle amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:103-107. [PMID: 25889351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rolling circle amplification (RCA) has been considered as a powerful tool for nucleic acids detection. Here, a novel repressor-RCA-based method for L-tryptophan (L-Trp) detection was developed. This method utilizes the specific interaction between the RCA circular template and the Trp repressor protein (TrpR) involved in trp operon of Escherichia coli (E. coli). In the absence of L-Trp, the TrpR protein could not bind to the RCA template, and the RCA process can be continued. When L-Trp is present, the activated TrpR will bind to the operon sequence on the RCA template and inhibit the RCA reaction. Thus, the concentration of L-Trp is correlated directly with the fluorescent RCA signals. We succeeded in detecting L-Trp in a single step in simple homogeneous reaction system. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.77 μM (S/N=3) with good linearity. The method can unambiguously distinguish L-Trp from other 19 standard amino acids and L-Trp analogs. This strategy is also promising for detecting many small molecules such as other amino acids and carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Hong Shang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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40
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A rapid and simple method for the determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in mouse brain homogenate by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:266-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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