1
|
Do MT, Bery SK, Joyce EL, Gipsman AI. New-Onset Hypertension and Seizures in a 10-year-old Girl with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome. Pediatr Rev 2024; 45:230-233. [PMID: 38556509 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Do
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Saya K Bery
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Emily L Joyce
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alexander I Gipsman
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aref M, FaragAllah EM, Goda NIA, Abu-Alghayth MH, Abomughaid MM, Mahboub HH, Alwutayd KM, Elsherbini HA. Chia seeds ameliorate cardiac disease risk factors via alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2940. [PMID: 38316807 PMCID: PMC10844609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity upsurges the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, primarily heart failure and coronary heart disease. Chia seeds have a high concentration of dietary fiber and increased concentrations of anti-inflammatoryand antioxidant compounds. They are used for weight loss plus enhancing blood glucose and lipid profile. The current perspective was commenced to examine the protective influence of chia seeds ingestion on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high-fat diet-fed rats. Forty male albino rats (with an initial body weight of 180-200 g) were used in this study. Rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: Group I was the control group and group II was a control group with chia seeds supplementation. Group III was a high-fat diet group (HFD) that received HFD for 10 weeks and group IV was fed on HFD plus chia seeds for 10 weeks. In all groups Echocardiographic measurements were performed, initial and final BMI, serum glucose, AC/TC ratio, lipid profile, insulin (with a computed HOMA-IR), creatinine phosphokinase-muscle/brain (CPK-MB), CRP, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and MAP were estimated. Whole heart weight (WHW) was calculated, and then WHW/body weight (BW) ratio was estimated. Eventually, a histopathological picture of cardiac tissues was performed to assess the changes in the structure of the heart under Haematoxylin and Eosin and Crossmon's trichrome stain. Ingestion of a high diet for 10 weeks induced a clear elevation in BMI, AC/ TC, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, CRP, CPK-MB, and cTnI in all HFD groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in MAP, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD). Furthermore, histological cardiac examination showed structural alteration of the normal structure of the heart tissue with an increase in collagen deposition. Also, the Bcl-2 expression in the heart muscle was significantly lower, but Bax expression was significantly higher. Chia seeds ingestion combined with HFD noticeably ameliorated the previously-recorded biochemical biomarkers, hemodynamic and echocardiography measures, and histopathological changes. Outcomes of this report reveal that obesity is a hazard factor for cardiovascular disease and chia seeds could be a good candidate for cardiovascular system protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aref
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Nehal I A Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh M Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel A Elsherbini
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ray S, Park KW. Movement Disorders and Other Neurologic Impairment Associated With Hypomagnesemia: A Systematic Review. Neurol Clin Pract 2023; 13:e200202. [PMID: 37795503 PMCID: PMC10547470 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The objective of this study was to explore the clinical spectrum of movement disorders and associated neurologic findings in hypomagnesemia and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Recent Findings Sixty patients were identified in the literature for analysis. Movement disorders observed were postural tremor (23.3%, n = 14), resting tremor (8.3%, n = 5), intention tremor (10%, n = 6), ataxia involving the trunk (48.3%, n = 29) or limbs (25%, n = 15) and dysarthria (21.7%, n = 13), athetosis (8.3%, n = 5), myoclonus (6.7%, n = 4), and chorea (1.8%, n = 1). Symptoms may be accompanied by downbeat nystagmus, tetany, drowsiness, vertigo, and proximal muscle weakness. Residual deficits were noted in 16 (26.67%) patients. Serum magnesium was 1.3 mg/dL or lower in 53 patients (88.3%). Imaging findings include bilateral cerebellar (20%, n = 11) and vermis hyperintensities (9.09%, n = 5) and normal imaging. Proton pump inhibitors are the commonest etiology. Summary The movement disorders linked with hypomagnesemia can be associated with varied neurologic symptoms. A high degree of suspicion will enable early diagnosis to prevent residual deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somdattaa Ray
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia
| | - Kye Won Park
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aal-Hamad AH, Al-Alawi AM, Kashoub MS, Falhammar H. Hypermagnesemia in Clinical Practice. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1190. [PMID: 37512002 PMCID: PMC10384947 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypermagnesemia is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood. Magnesium is a crucial mineral involved in various physiological functions, such as neuromuscular conduction, cardiac excitability, vasomotor tone, insulin metabolism, and muscular contraction. Hypomagnesemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance that can lead to several neuromuscular, cardiac, or nervous system disorders. Hypermagnesemia has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes, particularly in hospitalized patients. Prompt identification and management of hypermagnesemia are crucial to prevent complications, such as respiratory and cardiovascular negative outcomes, neuromuscular dysfunction, and coma. Preventing hypermagnesemia is crucial, particularly in high-risk populations, such as patients with impaired renal function or those receiving magnesium-containing medications or supplements. Clinical management of hypermagnesemia involves discontinuing magnesium-containing therapies, intravenous fluid therapy, or dialysis in severe cases. Furthermore, healthcare providers should monitor serum magnesium concentration in patients at risk of hypermagnesemia and promptly intervene if the concentration exceeds the normal range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hasan Aal-Hamad
- Department of Emergency, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 141, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alawi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 141, Muscat 123, Oman
- Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, P.O. Box 1422, Al-Khoudh 132, Oman
| | - Masoud Salim Kashoub
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 141, Muscat 123, Oman
- Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, P.O. Box 1422, Al-Khoudh 132, Oman
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, QB85, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chawla N, Shah H, Huynh K, Braun A, Wollocko H, Shah NC. The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Is There Crosstalk between Pre-Eclampsia, Clinical Hypertension, and HELLP Syndrome? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051343. [PMID: 37239015 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical hypertension is a complex disease of the cardiovascular system that can affect the body's ability to physiologically maintain homeostasis. Blood pressure is measured as systolic pressure of the heart and diastolic pressure. When the systolic pressure exceeds values of 130-139 and diastolic exceeds 80-89, the body is in stage 1 hypertension. A pregnant woman with hypertension is predisposed to developing pre-eclampsia during gestation between the 1st and 2nd trimester. If the symptoms and changes in the mother's body are not controlled, this can progress to hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count also known as HELLP syndrome. The onset of HELLP syndrome generally begins before the 37th week of pregnancy. Magnesium is one of the most used cations in clinical medicine with various implications in the body. With a critical role in vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and myocardial excitability it is used in treatment of clinical hypertension, pre-eclampsia in gestational periods, and HELLP syndrome. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an endogenous phospholipid proinflammatory mediator that is released in response to various biological and environmental stressors. When released it causes platelets to aggregate, further exacerbating hypertension. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the role that magnesium and platelet-activating factors have on clinical hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome while focusing on the interplay between these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chawla
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Hinal Shah
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Kathleen Huynh
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Alex Braun
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Hanna Wollocko
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Nilank C Shah
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Ave, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The association between fluoride in water and blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1767-1772. [PMID: 35190682 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the association between water and plasma fluoride and blood pressure (BP) among children and adolescents. METHODS Our study population was individuals of 8-18 years in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We performed a multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between fluoride and BP. RESULTS In a linear regression analysis for systolic BP (SBP) (mm Hg) adjusting for age, sex, race, and poverty, fluoride in water (mg/L) was significant with a coefficient of -0.44 (p = 0.046) among adolescents (12-18 years). Additional adjustments for race, poverty, serum levels of cotinine, and BMI remained significant. While an inverse relationship was found in children (8-11 years), none were significant. Fluoride in plasma was not significant across all ages. The odds ratio of high BP for an increase in water fluoride also was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of fluoride in water were associated with low SBP only among adolescents. Fluoride alone cannot be responsible for BP as several biological metabolic processes may influence its physiological effects. Fluoride consumption should be considered in conjunction with these processes. IMPACT The high fluoride in drinking water was statistically significantly associated with low systolic BP in children and adolescents. The odds ratio of high BP for an increase in fluoride in drinking water was not significant. Our study contributes to the existing literature by providing individualized data and results on an individual level.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamori Y, Sagara M, Mori H, Mori M. Stroke-Prone SHR as Experimental Models for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Humans. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112974. [PMID: 36428542 PMCID: PMC9687971 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) develop hypertension and stroke without exception, the prevention or reduction of risk by various nutrients was tested on blood pressure and the mortality caused by stroke and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In addition to sodium (Na) accelerating hypertension and stroke and potassium (K) counteracting the adverse effect of Na, taurine (Tau), rich in seafood, and magnesium (Mg) contained in soy, nuts, grains, etc., were proven to reduce stroke and CVD and improve survival. Therefore, the Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison Study was started in 1985 to explore the association of biomarkers of diet in 24 h urine (24U) with CVD risks, and about 100 males and 100 females aged 48-56 in each of 50 populations were studied until 1995. Linear regression analysis indicated that the 24U Tau/creatinine and Mg/creatinine ratios were inversely associated with body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. In comparison with six Euro-Western regions, 24U Tau and Mg collected from six regions, respectively, in Japan and the Mediterranean countries were significantly higher and were significantly associated with lower CVD risks. Diets rich in Tau and Mg were concluded to be contributory to the prevention of CVD in SHRSP and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Miki Sagara
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Study Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wadhwani N, Dangat K, Randhir K, Poddar A, Joshi P, Pisal H, Kadam V, Bakshi R, Chandhiok N, Lalwani S, Mehendale S, Wagh G, Gupte S, Sachdev HS, Fall C, Joshi S. Longitudinal Assessment of Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women with Preeclampsia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3245-3255. [PMID: 36214957 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the levels of maternal serum calcium and magnesium from early pregnancy until delivery, along with cord levels, in women who developed preeclampsia (PE) and compares them with those without PE. A total of 324 pregnant women (216 non-PE and 108 PE women) were included in this retrospective case-control study of prospectively collected data nested in an observational cohort study. Maternal blood was collected at 4 time points during pregnancy (V1 = 11-14 weeks, V2 = 18-22 weeks, V3 = 26-28 weeks, and V4 = at delivery) and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Independent t tests were used to compare calcium, magnesium, and their ratio between two groups, and their associations with PE were studied using regression models. Calcium levels were similar between groups at all time points. Magnesium levels were lower (p = 0.021) at V2 in PE group as compared with non-PE group. Maternal calcium and magnesium levels were negatively associated, with blood pressure in early pregnancy. In fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, lower magnesium levels were associated with an increased risk of PE at V2 (OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.07, 0.94] p = 0.04). Lower magnesium in mid-pregnancy was associated with higher risk of PE. These changes were observed before the diagnosis of PE, thereby suggesting that they may have a role in the etiology of PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Kamini Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Anupam Poddar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Hemlata Pisal
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Vrushali Kadam
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Ravleen Bakshi
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research - Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - Nomita Chandhiok
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research - Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Savita Mehendale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | | | | | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bae YJ, Kim MH, Choi MK. Dietary Mineral Intake from Nuts and Its Relationship to Hypertension Among Korean Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3519-3528. [PMID: 34661846 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that nut consumption beneficially affects health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the intake of nuts, focusing on their mineral contents, and the risk of hypertension in nationally representative samples in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12,113 subjects (4762 men and 7351 women) aged 19-64 years using raw data from KNHANES 2016-2019. Daily intake of 20 nuts and 9 minerals from nuts was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The risk of hypertension according to the median mineral intake from nuts and nuts themselves was assessed using logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The average daily nut intake was 4.34 g for females and 3.78 g males. Among nut intake, chestnuts represented the highest value at 0.95 g/day, followed by peanuts (0.72 g/day), almonds (0.62 g/day), sesame seeds (0.62 g/day), perilla seeds (0.33 g/day), and walnuts (0.32 g/day). The daily intake of minerals from nuts was significantly higher in the nut-overmedian (OM) group than in the nut-undermedian (UM) group. Regarding mineral intake from nuts, each mineral-UM group showed higher odds of hypertension than the mineral-OM group in women, but not in men. After adjustment for potential confounders, an inverse association between nut consumption, including minerals obtained from nuts, and hypertension prevalence, especially in women, was observed. Based on our results, it is suggested that incorporation of nuts into a daily diet may yield beneficial effects and lower the risk of hypertension in adult Korean women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Bae
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Qian D, Hu Y, Cheng Y, Ge S, Yao Y. Nut Consumption and Effects on Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality in the United States. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:503-512. [PMID: 35609522 PMCID: PMC9677866 DOI: 10.1159/000524382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Nuts have been found to have beneficial effects on some diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, in several studies. However, there are few studies to show the effects of nuts on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, we conducted this study to examine the association between the consumption frequency of nuts and the prevalence and mortality of CKD among adults in the USA. Methods We analyzed data from 6,072 individuals (aged ≥20 years) who participated in the NHANES 2003–2006 following the scheduled procedure. Data on death were provided by the CDC. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between nut consumption frequency and the prevalence of CKD. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between nut consumption frequency and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in the CKD and non-CKD populations. Results Consuming nuts 1–6 times per week was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD (model 3: OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.91). In addition, higher nut consumption was significantly associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the non-CKD population. For the CKD population, a consistently significant inverse association could be seen between consuming nuts 1–6 per week and all-cause mortality (model 3: HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47–0.86). No groups showed a significant difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with the reference in the full model. Conclusion We recommend the CKD population to have an adequate intake of nuts 1–6 times per week, while the consumption frequency can be more flexible for the non-CKD. Further prospective studies should be conducted to confirm this conclusion.
Collapse
|
11
|
Caldas APS, Rocha DMUP, Dionísio AP, Hermsdorff HHM, Bressan J. Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-38. [PMID: 35193718 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100475x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effect of nuts on health. However, Brazil and cashew nuts remain the least studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of these nuts within an energy-restricted diet on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and endothelial function in cardiometabolic risk women. Brazilian nuts study is a randomized controlled parallel 8-week dietary intervention trial. Forty women were randomly allocated to 1) Control group: Energy-restricted diet without nuts, n= 19 or, 2) Brazil and cashew nuts group (BN-Group): Energy-restricted diet containing daily 45 g of nuts (15 g of Brazil nuts + 30g of cashew nuts), n= 21. At the beginning and final intervention, anthropometry, body composition, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood sampling was obtained to evaluate lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and endothelial function markers. After 8-week, plasma selenium concentration increased in BN-group (∆ = + 31.5 ± 7.8 μg/L; p= 0.001). Brazil and cashew nuts intake reduced total body fat (-1.3 ± 0.4 %) parallel to improvement of lean mass percentage in BN-group compared to the control. Besides, the soluble adhesion molecule VCAM-1 decreased (24.03 ± 15.7 pg/mL vs. -22.2 ± 10.3 pg/mL; p= 0.019) after Brazil and cashew nuts intake compared to the control. However, lipid and glucose profile markers, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure remained unchanged after the intervention. Thus, the addition of Brazil and cashew nuts to an energy-restricted diet can be a healthy strategy to improve body composition, selenium status, and endothelial inflammation in cardiometabolic risk women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhuang XL, Zhu ZL, Huang QH, Yan FR, Zheng SY, Lai SM, Jiao HX, Lin MJ. High magnesium mitigates the vasoconstriction mediated by different types of calcium influx from monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:359-373. [PMID: 35193162 DOI: 10.1113/ep090029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to examine and explore the involvement of Mg2+ in mitigating the vasoconstriction in PAs and sPAs in the MCT-PAH rat model. What are the main finding and its importance? 1.Both SOCE- and ROCE-mediated vasoconstriction enhanced in the MCT-PAH model. 2.High magnesium inhibited vasoconstriction due to directly antagonizing Ca2+ and increasing NO release. 3.The inhibition effect of high magnesium was more notable in sPA. ABSTRACT Increased extracellular magnesium concentration ([Mg2+ ]e ) has been evidenced to attenuate the endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced contractile response via the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium in proximal pulmonary arteries (PAs) of chronic hypoxic (CH) mice. Here we further examined the involvement of Mg2+ in the inhibition of vasoconstriction in PAs and distal smaller pulmonary arteries (sPAs) in a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (MCT-PAH) rat model. The data showed that in control rats, vasoconstriction in sPAs is more intense than that in PAs. In MCT-PAH rats, the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE)-, and receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE)-mediated contraction was significantly strengthened. However, there was no upregulation of the vasoconstriction mediated by voltage-dependent calcium entry (VDCE). Furthermore, high magnesium greatly inhibited the VDCE-mediated contraction in PAs instead of sPAs, which was opposite to the ROCE-mediated contraction. Moreover, MCT pretreatment partly eliminated the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in PAs, which in sPAs, however, was still promoted by magnesium due to the increased NO release in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). In conclusion, the findings suggest that both SOCE- and ROCE-mediated vasoconstriction in the MCT-PAH model are enhanced, especially in sPAs. The inhibition effect of high magnesium on vasoconstriction can be achieved partly by its direct role as a Ca2+ antagonist and partly by increasing the NO release in PMVECs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Provinece, PR China
| | - Zhuang-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian Provinece, PR China
| | - Fu-Rong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China.,Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Provinece, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Mei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Provinece, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jung S, Woo HW, Shin J, Kim YM, Shin MH, Koh SB, Kim HC, Kim MK. Cumulative average nut consumption in relation to lower incidence of hypertension: a prospective cohort study of 10,347 adults. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1571-1583. [PMID: 34984486 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maintaining optimal blood pressure (BP) levels can be an effective preventive strategy for reducing disease burden. Nut consumption may play a preventive role against hypertension, which is a lifelong condition. We aimed to prospectively examine the association between cumulative average nut consumption and the incidence of hypertension in Korean adults aged 40 years and older. METHODS A total of 10,347 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline, were included. Hypertension was defined as having a physician diagnosis and taking antihypertensive medications or having abnormal BP (systolic ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg). As an exposure, cumulative average nut consumption was calculated using repeated food-frequency questionnaires (mean: 2.1). We used a modified Poisson regression model with a robust error estimator to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension. RESULTS We identified 2047 incident cases of hypertension during 44,614 person-years of follow-up. Among both men and women, an average nut consumption of ≥ 1 serving/week (15 g/week]) was inversely associated with hypertension incidence (IRR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58-0.96, p for trend = 0.013 for men; IRR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59-0.88, p for trend = 0.002 for women) and these significant associations were consistently observed across the strata of potential confounders. CONCLUSION An average consumption of at least one serving (15 g) per week of peanuts, almonds, and/or pine nuts may be inversely associated with the risk of hypertension among Korean adults aged 40 years and older, in a dose-response manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Woo
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, Sungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, Sungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, Sungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fengler VH, Macheiner T, Goessler W, Ratzer M, Haybaeck J, Sargsyan K. Hepatic Response of Magnesium-Restricted Wild Type Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110762. [PMID: 34822420 PMCID: PMC8625093 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-deficiency is implicated in many metabolic disorders, e.g., type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, representing risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the contribution of magnesium-restriction to the development of NAFLD. Magnesium-deficiency was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a magnesium-deficient-diet. Metabolic markers as well as markers of inflammation and liver function were assessed. Furthermore, liver tissue was examined histopathologically and compared with specimens from high-fat-diet fed and control mice. Finally, the hepatic inflammatory response was quantified by determining hepatic IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1. Magnesium-restriction resulted in at least a 2-fold significant reduction of serum magnesium levels compared to the high-fat-diet fed and control mice, whereas the hepatic magnesium content was decreased due to high-fat-diet feeding. No changes in metabolic markers in magnesium-restricted mice were observed, while the cholesterol content was elevated in high-fat-diet fed mice. Magnesium-restricted mice additionally featured inflammation and enlarged hepatocytes in liver histology. Furthermore, magnesium-restricted and high-fat-diet fed mice exhibited elevated hepatic TNFα levels compared to control mice. Accordingly, our data suggest that magnesium is involved in hepatic inflammatory processes and hepatocyte enlargement, key histological features of human NAFLD, and may therefore contribute to development and progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera H. Fengler
- Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Macheiner
- International Biobank and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maria Ratzer
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Karine Sargsyan
- International Biobank and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-72718
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guerrero-Romero F, Morales-Gurrola G, Preza-Rodríguez L, Gómez-Barrientos A, Olivas-Martínez AI, Simental-Mendía LE. Magnesium intake is associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. J Investig Med 2021; 70:800-804. [PMID: 34725202 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although magnesium intake is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic abnormalities, whether magnesium intake plays a role on metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype has not been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the magnesium intake is associated with the MHO phenotype. Apparently, healthy women and men aged 20-65 years with obesity were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Subjects were allocated into MHO (n=124) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) (n=123) groups. MHO phenotype was defined by abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women) and none, or not more than one of the following risk factors: triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women; fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL; and systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg. The MUO individuals were characterized by abdominal obesity and the presence of two or more of the aforementioned criteria. The proportion of individuals with high blood pressure (40.7% vs 5.6%, p<0.001), hyperglycemia (69.1% vs 16.9%, p<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (84.6% vs 36.3%, p<0.001), and low HDL-C (51.2% vs 12.9%, p<0.001) was significantly higher in the MUO individuals as compared with individuals in the MHO group. The logistic regression analysis adjusted by sex and age showed that dietary magnesium intake is significantly associated with the MHO phenotype (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.25, p=0.005). Our results show that magnesium intake is significantly associated with the MHO phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Morales-Gurrola
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Lucía Preza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Ana I Olivas-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salinas M, Flores E, López-Garrigós M, Pomares F, Carbonell R, Leiva-Salinas C, On Behalf Of The Primlab Working Group. Potential serum magnesium under request in primary care. Laboratory interventions to identify patients with hypomagnesemia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:e221-e223. [PMID: 32134724 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salinas
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Carretera Alicante-Valencia, s/n, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Emilio Flores
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Carretera Alicante-Valencia, s/n, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Maite López-Garrigós
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Carretera Alicante-Valencia, s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Pomares
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Carbonell
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Carretera Alicante-Valencia, s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rios FJ, Touyz RM. Mg 2+ Channels as the Link Between Mg 2+ Deficiency and COMT Downregulation in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 78:151-154. [PMID: 34106728 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chiu HF, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:588. [PMID: 33578935 PMCID: PMC7916651 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 40301, Taiwan;
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alwosais EZM, Al-Ozairi E, Zafar TA, Alkandari S. Chia seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation to the diet of adults with type 2 diabetes improved systolic blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Health 2021; 27:181-189. [PMID: 33530854 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020981819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional food ingredients, such as dietary fiber, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality protein, have been shown to help control blood glucose concentration and lower high blood pressure (BP), as well as improving other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, little research has assessed the impacts of consuming chia seeds, which are rich in these nutrients, on metabolic and physiological outcomes, and results are conflicting. AIM The study aimed to investigate the possible effects of chia seeds on fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, BP, lipid profile, body weight, and the inflammatory marker - high-sensitivity C-reactive protein - in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Adults with T2DM (n = 42) were randomly assigned equally to the chia seed group, which consumed 40 g/day chia seeds for 12 weeks, or a control group, which did not consume any supplement. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week intervention period to assess the study outcomes, such as glycemic control, BP, cardiovascular risk parameters including lipid profile, inflammatory marker, and body weight. RESULTS Adjusted for gender and baseline values, the chia seed group had systolic BP (SBP) significantly reduced compared to control [t (1) = 2.867, p = 0.007, η 2 p = 0.174]. No differences were observed in any other parameter tested in the chia seed or control group. CONCLUSIONS People with T2DM and hypertension, maintaining usual dietary consumption, physical activity pattern, and medications, had significantly reduced SBP compared to the control group when having consumed 40 g/d of chia seeds for 12 weeks.
Collapse
|
20
|
Filippou CD, Thomopoulos CG, Kouremeti MM, Sotiropoulou LI, Nihoyannopoulos PI, Tousoulis DM, Tsioufis CP. Mediterranean diet and blood pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3191-3200. [PMID: 33581952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is unclear whether the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has a favorable effect on blood pressure (BP) levels because among randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the MedDiet-mediated BP reduction significant methodological and clinical differences are observed. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess the MedDiet BP-effect compared to the usual diet or another dietary intervention (e.g. low-fat diet) in adults with and without hypertension, accounting for methodological and clinical confounders. METHODS We systematically searched Medline and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases and identified 35 RCTs (13,943 participants). Random-effects model was used to calculate the mean attained systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) differences during follow-up. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. RESULTS Compared to the usual diet and all other active intervention diets the MedDiet reduced SBP and DBP (difference in means: -1.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.8, -0.1; P = 0.035, and -0.9 mm Hg; 95% CI: -1.5, -0.3; P = 0.002, respectively). Compared only to the usual diet the MedDiet reduced SBP and DBP, while compared to all other active intervention diets or only to the low-fat diet the MedDiet did not reduce SBP and DBP. The MedDiet reduced DBP levels to a higher extent in trials with mean baseline SBP ≥130 mm Hg, while both SBP and DBP were reduced more in trials with a mean follow-up period ≥16 weeks. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate for both outcomes according to the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach. CONCLUSIONS The adoption of the MedDiet was accompanied by a relatively small, but yet significant BP reduction, while higher baseline SBP levels and longer follow-up duration enhanced the BP-lowering effect of the intervention. This meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as CRD42020167308. REGISTRY NUMBER CRD42020167308.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Filippou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria M Kouremeti
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lida I Sotiropoulou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros I Nihoyannopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios M Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas P Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nagawa CS, Palakshappa JA, Sadasivam RS, Houston TK. Herbal or Dietary Supplement Use and Hypertensive Medications: Does the Combination Relate to Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control? J Altern Complement Med 2020; 27:168-175. [PMID: 33296255 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Medication nonadherence contributes to poor blood pressure control and increases cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hypertension. Identifying modifiable risk factors for low or nonadherence to antihypertensive medication is needed. Studies that have examined the relationship between herbal or dietary supplement (HDS) use and antihypertensive medication nonadherence provide inconsistent findings. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to examine the association between HDS use, current use of prescribed antihypertensive medication, and blood pressure status. Methods: The study sample included hypertensive adults (n = 5,478) who have been told by a health professional to take prescribed medication for their health condition. Respondents were classified as either HDS users or HDS nonusers. Depending on the kind of supplement used, HDS users were further divided into three mutually exclusive groups: hypertension HDS users, nonhypertension HDS users, and those who used both kinds of supplements. Supplements groupings were based on reports in the literature. Blood pressure status definition was based on Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) recommendations. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained from logistic models. Results: Overall HDS use prevalence was 62%. Current medication use did not significantly differ between patients reporting no HDS use and those reporting HDS use (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.78-2.69). No observable differences were found in current medication use between patients reporting no HDS use and those taking nonhypertension HDS or both kinds of supplements. Use of hypertension HDS was associated with improved blood pressure (aOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.07-3.36) compared with no HDS use. Conclusion: In a nationally representative U.S. sample, HDS use did not compromise current use of prescribed medication and was associated with improved blood pressure control. More research is needed to better understand why HDS use is associated with better blood pressure control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Nagawa
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Palakshappa
- Learning Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rajani S Sadasivam
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Thomas K Houston
- Learning Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Levy J, Miranda AAM, Teixeira JA, Carli ED, Benseñor IJM, Lotufo PA, Marchioni DML. Magnesium intake in a Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: associated factors and the main food sources. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2541-2550. [PMID: 32667538 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.26532018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with magnesium intake and describe the main food sources in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil). This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using the baseline data from the ELSA-Brazil (2008-2010). Associations between usual magnesium intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Food sources were identified by calculating the percentage contribution of each FFQ item to the amount of magnesium provided by all foods. The analysis was performed using Stata® software (version 12), assuming a statistical significance level of 5%. The top food sources to magnesium intake were as follows: beans, oats, nuts, white rice, orange, French bread, cooked fish, boneless meat, whole milk, and whole wheat bread. There were positive associations between magnesium intake and female sex; age ≥60 years; self-reported black, indigenous, or brown skin colors; per capita income ≥3 minimum wages, and moderate or vigorous physical activity levels. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were associated with magnesium intake among the evaluated individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Levy
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | | | - Juliana Araujo Teixeira
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | - Eduardo De Carli
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | | | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Hospital Universitário, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hamedifard Z, Farrokhian A, Reiner Ž, Bahmani F, Asemi Z, Ghotbi M, Taghizadeh M. The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:112. [PMID: 32466773 PMCID: PMC7257447 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present research aimed to analyze the impacts of magnesium and zinc supplements on glycemic control, serum lipids, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods According to the research design, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has been implemented on 60 subjects suffering from CHD and T2DM. Therefore, participants have been randomly divided into 2 groups for taking placebo (n = 30) or 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 150 mg zinc sulfate (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Results Magnesium and zinc significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β − 9.44 mg/dL, 95% CI, − 18.30, − 0.57; P = 0.03) and insulin levels (β − 1.37 μIU/mL, 95% CI, − 2.57, − 0.18; P = 0.02). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol levels significantly enhanced (β 2.09 mg/dL, 95% CI, 0.05, 4.13; P = 0.04) in comparison to the placebo. There was an association between magnesium and zinc intake, and a significant decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) (β − 0.85 mg/L, 95% CI, − 1.26, − 0.45; P < 0.001), a significant increase in total nitrite (β 5.13 μmol/L, 95% CI, 1.85, 8.41; P = 0.003) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 43.44 mmol/L, 95% CI, 3.39, 83.50; P = 0.03) when compared with placebo. Furthermore, magnesium and zinc significantly reduced the Beck Depression Inventory index (BDI) (β − 1.66; 95% CI, − 3.32, − 0.009; P = 0.04) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (β − 1.30; 95% CI, − 2.43, − 0.16; P = 0.02) when compared with the placebo. Conclusions In patients with T2DM and CHD, the 12-week intake of magnesium plus zinc had beneficial effects on FPG, HDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, total nitrite, TAC levels, and BDI and BAI score. This suggests that magnesium and zinc co-supplementation may be beneficial for patients with T2DM and CHD. Further studies on more patients and lasting longer are needed to determine the safety of magnesium and zinc co-supplementation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20130211012438N31 at 11 May 2019 of registration. This study retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hamedifard
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Farrokhian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghotbi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guedes JVM, Aquino JA, Castro TLB, Augusto de Morais F, Baldoni AO, Belo VS, Otoni A. Omeprazole use and risk of chronic kidney disease evolution. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229344. [PMID: 32130255 PMCID: PMC7055824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES In recent years, the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), especially omeprazole, has been associated with development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). These drugs are widely used worldwide. Although some studies have found an association between the use of PPI and the onset of acute renal failure and CKD. This study aims to analyze the association between the continuous use of omeprazole and the progression of CKD in adult and elderly individuals. METHOD A retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients followed up at a nephrology clinic in Brazil, in 2016 and 2017. Information about clinical and sociodemographic data, health behaviors, and medication use were collected from all patients diagnosed with CKD through consultation of medical charts and the Brazilian health information system (SIS). The participants were allocated into two groups: users and non-users of omeprazole, and the progression of CKD was then evaluated for each group. In the bivariate analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the quantitative variables between groups, and the Pearson/Fisher two-tailed chi-square test to compare the categorical variables were applied. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 199 CKD patients were attended in the polyclinic, and of these, 42.7% were omeprazole users. There was a higher percentage of CKD progression in users (70.6%) compared to non-users (10.5%). The hazard ratio was 7.34 (CI: 3.94-13.71), indicating a higher risk of progression to worse stages of CKD in omeprazole users than in non-users. As for the other variables, no statistically significant difference was found between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION An association between omeprazole use and progression of CKD stage was identified, showing a higher risk of disease evolution among omeprazole users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Marques Guedes
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Azevedo Aquino
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Augusto de Morais
- Department of Nephrology, Ambulatory of Municipal Polyclinic of Divinopolis, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Baldoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Silva Belo
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alba Otoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Study of Magnesium Formulations on Intestinal Cells to Influence Myometrium Cell Relaxation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020573. [PMID: 32098378 PMCID: PMC7071389 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes including direct relaxation of smooth muscle. A magnesium imbalance can be considered the primary cause or consequence of many pathophysiological conditions. The smooth muscle tissue of the uterus, i.e., the myometrium, undergoes numerous physiological changes during life, fundamental for uterine activities, and it receives proven benefits from magnesium supplementation. However, magnesium supplements have poor absorption and bioavailability. Furthermore, no data are available on the direct interaction between intestinal absorption of magnesium and relaxation of the myometrium. Methods: Permeability in human intestinal cells (Caco-2 cells) and direct effects on myometrial cells (PHM1-41 cells) of two different forms of magnesium, i.e., sucrosomial and bisglycinate, were studied in order to verify the magnesium capacity of modulate contractility. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, magnesium concentration, contractility, and pathways involved were analyzed. Results: Data showed a better influence of buffered chelate bisglycinate on intestinal permeability and myometrial relaxation over time with a maximum effect at 3 h and greater availability compared to the sucrosomial form. Conclusions: Magnesium-buffered bisglycinate chelate showed better intestinal absorption and myometrial contraction, indicating a better chance of effectiveness in human applications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Fang X, Wang H, Liu Z, Chen J, Tan H, Liang Y, Chen D. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclampsia and eclampsia: The role of hypomagnesemia. Seizure 2020; 76:12-16. [PMID: 31945641 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), defined by its clinical and imaging manifestations, is a critical maternal complication. The specific pathophysiological mechanism of PRES has not been fully elucidated and remains controversial. Recently, several case studies reported that hypomagnesemia is present in the acute phase of PRES regardless of its etiology. Moreover, magnesium sulfate is a conventional treatment for preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia; therefore, we hypothesized that hypomagnesemia might play an important role in the cascades involved in PRES in PE or eclampsia. METHOD We consecutively collected PE and eclampsia patients who were examined via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tested for magnesium levels between January 2013 and January 2017. All patients were grouped into PRES and non-PRES groups based on MRI results. Demographic data, magnesium levels and imaging features were collected retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 72 patients met the inclusion criteria; these participants were sorted into PRES (n = 38) and non-PRES (n = 34) groups. Twenty-four patients (63%) in the PRES group and 2 patients (6%) in the non-PRES group presented hypomagnesemia. Moreover, magnesium levels were significantly lower in the PRES group during both the acute phase (p < 0.001) and the post-phase (p = 0.04) than in the non-PRES group. However, there was no correlation between magnesium levels and edema severity during the acute phase. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that hypomagnesemia frequently occurs in the acute phase of obstetric PRES and suggest a potential relationship between them. Such a connection would support the application of magnesium sulfate in PE and eclampsia patients to prevent PRES. However, additional randomized trials are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical Center for Critical Pregnant Women, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical Center for Critical Pregnant Women, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zifan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hu Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical Center for Critical Pregnant Women, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanling Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical Center for Critical Pregnant Women, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The association between serum and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Iranian adults with metabolic syndrome. TRANSLATIONAL METABOLIC SYNDROME RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmsr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
28
|
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:1-18. [PMID: 31358075 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose. Diet modification is a safe and effective way to treat the metabolic syndrome. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in meats and sweets. DASH provides good amounts of fibre, K, Ca and Mg, and limited quantities of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and Na. Although DASH was initially designed for the prevention or control of hypertension, using a DASH diet has other metabolic benefits. In the present review, the effect of each dietary component of DASH on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is discussed. Due to limited fat and high fibre and Ca content, individuals on the DASH diet are less prone to overweight and obesity and possess lower concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol although changes in TAG and HDL-cholesterol have been less significant and available evidence in this regard is still inconclusive. Moreover, high amounts of fruit and vegetables in DASH provide great quantities of K, Mg and fibre, all of which have been shown to reduce blood pressure. K, Mg, fibre and antioxidants have also been effective in correcting glucose and insulin abnormalities. Evidence is provided from cross-sectional investigations, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and, where available, from published meta-analyses. Mechanisms are described according to human studies and, in the case of a lack of evidence, from animal and cell culture investigations.
Collapse
|
29
|
Iqbal S, Klammer N, Ekmekcioglu C. The Effect of Electrolytes on Blood Pressure: A Brief Summary of Meta-Analyses. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061362. [PMID: 31212974 PMCID: PMC6627949 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is known to exert an undeniable impact on blood pressure with especially salt (sodium chloride), but also potassium, playing a prominent role. The aim of this review was to summarize meta-analyses studying the effect of different electrolytes on blood pressure or risk for hypertension, respectively. Overall, 32 meta-analyses evaluating the effect of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium on human blood pressure or hypertension risk were included after literature search. Most of the meta-analyses showed beneficial blood pressure lowering effects with the extent of systolic blood pressure reduction ranging between -0.7 (95% confidence interval: -2.6 to 1.2) to -8.9 (-14.1 to -3.7) mmHg for sodium/salt reduction, -3.5 (-5.2 to -1.8) to -9.5 (-10.8 to -8.1) mmHg for potassium, and -0.2 (-0.4 to -0.03) to -18.7 (-22.5 to -15.0) mmHg for magnesium. The range for diastolic blood pressure reduction was 0.03 (-0.4 to 0.4) to -5.9 (-9.7 to -2.1) mmHg for sodium/salt reduction, -2 (-3.1 to -0.9) to -6.4 (-7.3 to -5.6) mmHg for potassium, and -0.3 (-0.5 to -0.03) to -10.9 (-13.1 to -8.7) mmHg for magnesium. Moreover, sufficient calcium intake was found to reduce the risk of gestational hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Norbert Klammer
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Effects of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic profiles in diabetic haemodialysis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:809-817. [PMID: 30739626 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Mg administration on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), glycaemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in diabetic haemodialysis (HD) patients. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in fifty-four diabetic HD patients. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 250 mg/d Mg as magnesium oxide (n 27) or placebo (n 27) for 24 weeks. Mg supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in mean (P<0·001) and maximum levels of left CIMT (P=0·02) and mean levels of right CIMT (P=0·004) compared with the placebo. In addition, taking Mg supplements significantly reduced serum insulin levels (β=-9·42 pmol/l; 95% CI -14·94, -3·90; P=0·001), homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β=-0·56; 95 % CI -0·89, -0·24; P=0·001) and HbA1c (β=-0·74 %; 95 % CI -1·10, -0·39; P<0·001) and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β=0·008; 95 % CI 0·002, 0·01; P=0·002) compared with the placebo. In addition, Mg administration led to a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (β=-0·30 mmol/l; 95% CI -0·56, -0·04; P=0·02), LDL-cholesterol (β=-0·29 mmol/l; 95% CI -0·52, -0·05; P=0·01), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<0·001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (P=0·04) and a significant rise in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (P<0·001) compared with the placebo. Overall, we found that taking Mg for 24 weeks by diabetic HD patients significantly improved mean and maximum levels of left and mean levels of right CIMT, insulin metabolism, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, TAC and MDA levels.
Collapse
|
31
|
Mg-supplementation attenuated lipogenic and oxidative/nitrosative gene expression caused by Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) in HIV-1-transgenic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210107. [PMID: 30668566 PMCID: PMC6342322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined if HIV-1 expression in transgenic (HIV-1-Tg) rats enhanced hepatic genomic changes related to oxidative/nitrosative stress and lipogenesis during cART-treatment, and assessed effects of Mg-supplementation. A clinically used cART (atazanavir-ritonavir+Truvada) was given orally to control and HIV-1-Tg rats (18 weeks) with normal or 6-fold dietary-Mg. Oxidative/nitrosative and lipogenic genes were determined by real-time RT-PCR. cART induced a 4-fold upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) in HIV-1-Tg-rats, but not in controls; Tg rats displayed a 2.5-fold higher expression. Both were completely prevented by Mg-supplementation. Nrf2 (Nuclear erythroid-derived factor 2), a master transcription factor controlling redox homeostasis, was down-regulated 50% in HIV-Tg rats, and reduced further to 25% in Tg+cART-rats. Two downstream antioxidant genes, heme oxygenase-1(HmOX1) and Glutathione-S-transferase(GST), were elevated in HIV-Tg alone but were suppressed by cART treatment. Decreased Nrf2 in Tg±cART were normalized by Mg-supplementation along with the reversal of altered HmOX1 and GST expression. Concomitantly, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) was upregulated 2-fold in Tg+cART rats, which was reversed by Mg-supplementation. In parallel, cART-treatment led to substantial increases in plasma 8-isoprostane, nitrotyrosine, and RBC-GSSG (oxidized glutathione) levels in HIV-1-Tg rats; all indices of oxidative/nitrosative stress were suppressed by Mg-supplementation. Both plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were elevated in Tg+cART rats, but were lowered by Mg-supplementation. Thus, the synergistic effects of cART and HIV-1 expression on lipogenic and oxidative/nitrosative effects were revealed at the genomic and biochemical levels. Down-regulation of Nrf2 in the Tg+cART rats suggested their antioxidant response was severely compromised; these abnormal metabolic and oxidative stress effects were effectively attenuated by Mg-supplementation at the genomic level.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li H, Peng F, Wang D, Qiao Y, Xu D, Liu X. Layered double hydroxide/poly-dopamine composite coating with surface heparinization on Mg alloys: improved anticorrosion, endothelialization and hemocompatibility. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1846-1858. [PMID: 29789824 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are promising cardiovascular stent materials due to their favourable physical properties and complete degradation in vivo. However, rapid degradation and poor cytocompatibility hinder their clinical applications. To enhance the corrosion resistance and endothelialization of the AZ31 alloy, a layered double hydroxide (LDH)/poly-dopamine (PDA) composite coating (LDH/PDA) was successfully fabricated. Polarization curves and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist spectrum test proved that the corrosion resistance of the LDH/PDA sample was significantly improved in vitro. The LDH/PDA sample greatly improved the adherence process and the proliferation rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After culturing for 10 days, the number of living HUVECs on the LDH/PDA sample was comparable to that on the Ti sample whereas the cells barely survived on the AZ31 or LDH coating. Furthermore, heparin was immobilized on LDH/PDA via a covalent bond (LDH/PDA/HEP). The corrosion resistance and long-term proliferation of HUVECs after the introduction of heparin were mildly decreased compared with the L/P sample, but were still greatly improved compared with AZ31, the LDH coating and the PDA coating. Furthermore, the LDH/PDA/HEP sample greatly improved the HUVEC migration rate compared with the LDH/PDA sample, and inhibited platelet adhesion which was intense on the LDH/PDA sample. Both LDH/PDA and LDH/PDA/HEP samples had a low hemolysis rate (2.52% and 0.65%, respectively) in vitro and eliminated the adverse biocompatible effects of the direct PDA coating on the AZ31 substrate in vivo. Our results suggest that the LDH/PDA composite coating with further heparinization is a promising method to modify the surface of Mg alloys by significantly improving corrosion resistance, endothelialization and hemocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Čabarkapa V, Bogavac M, Jakovljević A, Pezo L, Nikolić A, Belopavlović Z, Mirjana D. Serum magnesium level in the first trimester of pregnancy as a predictor of pre-eclampsia – a pilot study. Hypertens Pregnancy 2018; 37:144-153. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2018.1494189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Velibor Čabarkapa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Bogavac
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Jakovljević
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Engineering Department, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Belopavlović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djerić Mirjana
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kostov K, Halacheva L. Role of Magnesium Deficiency in Promoting Atherosclerosis, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Arterial Stiffening as Risk Factors for Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1724. [PMID: 29891771 PMCID: PMC6032400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a disease with a complex pathogenesis. Despite considerable knowledge about this socially significant disease, the role of magnesium deficiency (MgD) as a risk factor is not fully understood. Magnesium is a natural calcium antagonist. It potentiates the production of local vasodilator mediators (prostacyclin and nitric oxide) and alters vascular responses to a variety of vasoactive substances (endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and catecholamines). MgD stimulates the production of aldosterone and potentiates vascular inflammatory response, while expression/activity of various antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and the levels of important antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) are decreased. Magnesium balances the effects of catecholamines in acute and chronic stress. MgD may be associated with the development of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and changes in lipid metabolism, which enhance atherosclerotic changes and arterial stiffness. Magnesium regulates collagen and elastin turnover in the vascular wall and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Magnesium helps to protect the elastic fibers from calcium deposition and maintains the elasticity of the vessels. Considering the numerous positive effects on a number of mechanisms related to arterial hypertension, consuming a healthy diet that provides the recommended amount of magnesium can be an appropriate strategy for helping control blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krasimir Kostov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University-Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
| | - Lyudmila Halacheva
- Department of Physiology, Medical University-Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shrivastava P, Choudhary R, Nirmalkar U, Singh A, Shree J, Vishwakarma PK, Bodakhe SH. Magnesium taurate attenuates progression of hypertension and cardiotoxicity against cadmium chloride-induced hypertensive albino rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:119-123. [PMID: 30963046 PMCID: PMC6435948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the antihypertensive activity and cardioprotective effects of magnesium taurate against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-intoxicated albino rats. Sprague Dawley male albino rats (120-150 g) were divided into five groups having six animals in each group. Hypertension and cardiotoxicity were induced in animals by administration of CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for four weeks. Magnesium taurate (2 and 4 mg/kg/day) was administered orally after induction of hypertension (after two weeks) in their respective groups concurrently with CdCl2 for next two weeks. Amlodipine (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was used as a standard and administered after induction of hypertension. Blood pressure was monitored biweekly by using non-invasive blood pressure system and biochemical parameters and histopathology of the heart were evaluated after four weeks of the experimental protocol. During the four weeks of the experimental protocol, the toxic control group showed significant elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure concomitant with augmentation of cardiotoxicity as indicated by reduction in myocardial antioxidants including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and increased malondialdehyde level in heart as compared to the normal group. The oral administrations of magnesium taurate significantly restored the blood pressure, myocardial antioxidants and malondialdehyde level as compared to toxic control group. In addition, histopathological examination showed that magnesium taurate treatments substantially reduced the myocardial damages against CdCl2 treatment. The results suggest that magnesium taurate has prominent antihypertensive and cardioprotective activity via its potent antioxidant activity and can be used as a nutrition supplement to improve the cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Umashankar Nirmalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Jaya Shree
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Egeland GM, Skurtveit S, Staff AC, Eide GE, Daltveit AK, Klungsøyr K, Trogstad L, Magnus PM, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M. Pregnancy-Related Risk Factors Are Associated With a Significant Burden of Treated Hypertension Within 10 Years of Delivery: Findings From a Population-Based Norwegian Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008318. [PMID: 29755036 PMCID: PMC6015329 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has, primarily, been evaluated in studies lacking information on important covariates. This report evaluates the prospective associations between pregnancy-related risk factors (preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction) and pharmacologically treated hypertension within 10 years after pregnancy, while adjusting for a wide range of covariates. METHODS AND RESULTS Prepregnancy normotensive women participating in the MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study) from January 2004 through July 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to identify women with pharmacologically treated hypertension beyond the postpartum period of 3 months. The burden of hypertension associated with pregnancy-related risk factors was evaluated using an attributable fraction method. A total of 1480 women developed pharmacologically treated hypertension within the follow-up among 60 027 women (rate of hypertension, 3.6/1000 person-years). The proportion of hypertension associated with a history of preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm delivery, and pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus was 28.6% (95% confidence interval, 25.5%-31.6%) on the basis of multivariable analyses adjusting for numerous covariates. The proportion was similar for women with a healthy prepregnancy body mass index (18.5-24.9 kg/m2; attributable fraction (AF)% 25.9%; 95% confidence interval, 21.3%-30.3%), but considerably higher for nulliparous women at baseline within the first 5 years of follow-up. Small-for-gestational age, however, did not increase subsequent hypertension risk in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS A structured postpartum follow-up of high-risk women identified through pregnancy-related risk factors would facilitate personalized preventive strategies to postpone or avoid onset of premature cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Egeland
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kjersti Daltveit
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Magnus
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Divisions of Health Data and Digitalization and Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Darooghegi Mofrad M, Djafarian K, Mozaffari H, Shab-Bidar S. Effect of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:98-105. [PMID: 29709832 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Findings of past studies are inconsistent regarding the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on endothelial function (EF). We performed this meta-analysis to examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as markers of EF. METHODS Literature searches of English publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were conducted up to November 2017. Results are reported as weighted mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method). Cochrane's Q test and I-squared (I2) were used to determine heterogeneity among included studies. To determine potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted for pre-defined criteria. Funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS Seven RCTs with 306 participants were included. Mg supplementation significantly increased FMD (MD: 2.97; 95% CI: 0.23 to 5.70%, p = 0.033). Between studies heterogeneity was high and subgroup analysis could not identify the sources of heterogeneity. Magnesium supplementation had no significant effect on CIMT (MD: -0.13 mm; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.01; p = 0.077) with high heterogeneity. Mg dose, duration of treatment, healthy status, baseline CIMT and sample size were the potential sources of heterogeneity. Mg supplementation could decrease CIMT to a greater extent in hemodialysis (HD) patients; lower doses of Mg, higher sample size and follow up duration and subjects with higher baseline CIMT also reduced the heterogeneity to some degree (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Magnesium supplementation may improve endothelial function without affecting carotid intima media thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Magnesium Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Regulates Amyloid-β Transcytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7118-7131. [PMID: 29383689 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor Mg status is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provided the first evidence that elevated Mg levels significantly reduced the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and regulated its function in vitro. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) and magnesium transporter subtype 1 (MagT1) were two major cellular receptors mediating entry of extracellular Mg2+ into the cells. Elevated Mg levels also induced an accelerated clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain to the blood side via BBB transcytosis through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), while reduced the influx of Aβ from the blood to the brain side involving receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and caveolae. Mg enhanced BBB barrier properties and overall expression of LRP1 and PICALM whereas reduced that of RAGE and caveolin-1. Apical-to-basolateral and vice versa steady-state Aβ flux achieved an equilibrium of 18 and 0.27 fmol/min/cm2, respectively, about 30 min after the initial addition of physiological levels of free Aβ. Knockdown of caveolin-1 or disruption of caveolae membrane microdomains reduced RAGE-mediated influx significantly, but not LRP1-mediated efflux of Aβ. Stimulating endothelial cells with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhanced caveolin-1 phosphorylation and RAGE expression. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that RAGE, but not LRP1, was physically associated with caveolin-1. Thus, Mg can reduce BBB permeability and promote BBB clearance of Aβ from the brain by increasing the expression of LRP1 and PICALM while reducing the level of RAGE and caveolin-1.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ilyas A, Shah MH. Disparities of Selected Metal Levels in the Blood and Scalp Hair of Ischemia Heart Disease Patients and Healthy Subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:191-205. [PMID: 28424967 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in the concentrations of trace metals have become an increasingly recognized source of infirmity worldwide particularly in the development of ischemia heart disease (IHD). Present study is intended to analyze the concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, and Zn in the blood and scalp hair of the patients and counterpart controls by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after wet-acid digestion. On the average, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mn, Na, and Pb revealed significantly elevated concentrations in the blood of the patients compared with the controls (p < 0.05), whereas mean levels of Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Li, Pb, and Sr in the scalp hair were significantly higher in the patients than the controls (p < 0.05). Most of the metals exhibited noticeable disparities in their concentrations based on gender, abode, dietary/smoking habits, and occupations of both donor groups. The correlation study and multivariate statistical analyses revealed some significantly divergent associations and apportionment of the metals in both donor groups. Overall, comparative variations of the metal contents in blood/scalp hair of the patients were significantly different than the controls; thus, evaluation of trace metals status may be indicative of pathological disorders, such as IHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Common single nucleotide polymorphisms in transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 increase the risk for proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia: a case-control study. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2017; 27:83-88. [PMID: 27926584 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective drugs for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. Serious adverse events are rare for PPIs, but recent data suggest that PPIs cause hypomagnesemia. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia and to define the risk factors for its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 133 chronic users of PPIs were enrolled and patients were distinguished on the basis of their serum Mg concentrations. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the candidate gene, transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6), were screened. RESULTS Seventeen out of 133 patients had PPI-induced hypomagnesemia. The duration of PPI use was longer in those with hypomagnesemia (7.7 vs. 5.2 years). Two common SNPs in TRPM6 (rs3750425 and rs2274924) increased the risk for PPI-induced hypomagnesemia by 5.8-fold. CONCLUSION We found hypomagnesemia in 13% of PPI users. SNPs in TRPM6 drive the risk of developing hypomagnesemia during chronic PPI use.
Collapse
|
41
|
Oral magnesium supplementation improves endothelial function and attenuates subclinical atherosclerosis in thiazide-treated hypertensive women. J Hypertens 2017; 35:89-97. [PMID: 27759579 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse association between serum magnesium and incidence of cardiovascular disease. Diuretics commonly cause hypomagneseamia. METHOD We evaluated effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and vascular function in thiazide-treated hypertensive women in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Hypertensive women (40-65 years) on hydrochlorothiazide and mean 24-h BP at least 130/80 mmHg were divided into placebo and supplementation (magnesium chelate 600 mg/day) groups. Patients were evaluated for nutritional and biochemical parameters, office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), peripheral arterial tonometry, assessment of carotid intima-media thickness, central hemodynamic parameters and pulse wave velocity at inclusion and after 6-month follow-up. RESULTS The magnesium group had a significant reduction in SBP (144 ± 17 vs. 134 ± 14 mmHg, P = 0.036) and DBP (88 ± 9 vs. 81 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.005) at 6 months, without effect on plasma glucose, lipids, or arterial stiffness parameters. The placebo group showed a significant increase in carotid intima-media thickness (0.78 ± 0.13 vs. 0.89 ± 0.14 mm, P = 0.033) without change in the magnesium group (0.79 ± 0.16 vs. 0.79 ± 0.19 mm, P = 0.716) after 6 months. The magnesium group demonstrated a significant increase in variation of FMD vs. the placebo group (+3.7 ± 2.1 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2%, P = 0.015). There was a significant correlation between the intracellular magnesium variation and FMD (r = 0.44, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION Magnesium supplementation was associated with better BP control, improved endothelial function and amelioration of subclinical atherosclerosis in these thiazide-treated hypertensive women.
Collapse
|
42
|
Egeland GM, Skurtveit S, Sakshaug S, Daltveit AK, Vikse BE, Haugen M. Low Calcium Intake in Midpregnancy Is Associated with Hypertension Development within 10 Years after Pregnancy: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. J Nutr 2017; 147:1757-1763. [PMID: 28701386 PMCID: PMC5572493 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.251520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflict.Objective: We evaluated the ability to predict hypertension within 10 y after delivery based on calcium intake during midpregnancy.Methods: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study of women delivering in 2004-2009 was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2013) to ascertain antihypertensive medication usage >90 d after delivery. Women with hypertension before pregnancy were excluded, leaving 60,027 mothers for analyses. Age and energy-adjusted cubic splines evaluated dose-response curves, and Cox proportional hazard analyses evaluated HR and 95% CIs by calcium quartiles adjusting for 7 covariates. Analyses were stratified by gestational hypertension and by sodium-to-potassium intake ratio (<0.76 compared with ≥0.76).Results: Participants had a mean ± SD age of 30.5 ± 4.6 y, a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 24.0 ± 4.3 before pregnancy, and a mean follow-up duration of 7.1 ± 1.6 y. Cubic spline graphs identified a threshold effect of low calcium intake only within the range of dietary inadequacy related to increased risk. The lowest calcium quartile (≤738 mg/d; median: 588 mg/d), relative to the highest quartile (≥1254 mg/d), had an HR for hypertension of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.70) among women who were normotensive during pregnancy, and an HR of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.35) among women who had gestational hypertension, after adjusting for covariates. Women with gestational hypertension, who were in the lowest quartile of calcium intake, and who had a high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio had a risk of hypertension more than double that of their counterparts with a calcium intake in the highest quartile. Results were attenuated by adjusting for covariates (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.39).Conclusions: The results suggest that low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor or risk marker for the development of hypertension, particularly for women with a history of gestational hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Egeland
- Departments of Global Public Health and Primary Care and,Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Solveig Sakshaug
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Anne Kjersti Daltveit
- Departments of Global Public Health and Primary Care and,Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn E Vikse
- Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Serum magnesium concentrations and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among U.S. adults: Results from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1541-1549. [PMID: 28890274 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the associations of serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations with total and cause-specific mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults. We investigate the dose-response relationships of baseline serum Mg concentrations with risk of mortalities in a large, nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS We analyzed prospective data of 14,353 participants aged 25-74 years with measures of serum Mg concentrations at baseline (1971-1975) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS). Mortality data was linked through December 31, 2011. We estimated the mortality hazard ratios (HRs), for participants within serum Mg categories of <0.7, 0.7-0.74, 0.75-0.79, 0.8-0.89 (referent), 0.9-0.94, 0.95-0.99, and ≥1.0 mmol/L using weighted multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 28.6 years, 9012 deaths occurred, including 3959 CVD deaths, 1923 cancer deaths, and 708 stroke deaths. The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality across increasing categories of Mg were 1.34 (1.02, 1.77), 0.94 (0.75, 1.18), 1.08 (0.97, 1.19), 1.00 (referent), 1.05 (0.95, 1.16), 0.96 (0.79, 1.15), and 0.98 (0.76, 1.26). Similar trends were observed for cancer (HRs for serum Mg < 0.7: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.83, 2.32) and CVD mortality (HRs for serum Mg < 0.7: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.02) but were not statistically significant. An elevated risk for stroke mortality was observed among participants with serum Mg < 0.70 mmol/L (HR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.48). CONCLUSIONS Very low serum Mg concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in US adults.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Wade AT, Davis CR, Dyer KA, Hodgson JM, Woodman RJ, Keage HAD, Murphy KJ. A Mediterranean Diet to Improve Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Intervention Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E145. [PMID: 28212320 PMCID: PMC5331576 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has demonstrated efficacy for improving cardiovascular and cognitive health. However, a traditional Mediterranean diet delivers fewer serves of dairy and less dietary calcium than is currently recommended in Australia, which may limit long-term sustainability. The present study aims to evaluate whether a Mediterranean diet with adequate dairy and calcium can improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in an at-risk population, and thereby reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. A randomised, controlled, parallel, crossover design trial will compare a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods against a low-fat control diet. Forty participants with systolic blood pressure above 120 mmHg and at least two other risk factors of CVD will undertake each dietary intervention for eight weeks, with an eight-week washout period between interventions. Systolic blood pressure will be the primary measure of interest. Secondary outcomes will include measures of cardiometabolic health, dietary compliance, cognitive function, assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), psychological well-being and dementia risk. This research will provide empirical evidence as to whether the Mediterranean diet can be modified to provide recommended dairy and calcium intakes while continuing to deliver positive effects for cardiovascular and cognitive health. The findings will hold relevance for the field of preventative healthcare and may contribute to revisions of national dietary guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Wade
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Courtney R Davis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Dyer
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chardain A, Mesnage V, Alamowitch S, Bourdain F, Crozier S, Lenglet T, Psimaras D, Demeret S, Graveleau P, Hoang-Xuan K, Levy R. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and hypomagnesemia: A frequent association? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:384-8. [PMID: 27371132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a serious neurological condition encountered in various medical fields. Pathophysiological factor(s) common to PRES cases of apparently unrelated etiologies are yet to be found. Based on the hypothesis that hypomagnesemia might participate in the cascade leading to PRES, our study sought to verify whether hypomagnesemia is frequently associated with PRES regardless of etiology. From a retrospective study of a cohort of 57 patients presenting with PRES of different etiologies, presented here are the findings of 19 patients with available serum magnesium levels (SMLs) during PRES. In the acute phase of PRES, hypomagnesemia was present in all 19 patients in spite of differences in etiology (including immunosuppressive drugs, hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, systemic lupus erythematosus, iatrogenic etiology and unknown). SMLs were within normal ranges prior to PRES and below normal ranges during the first 48h of PRES, with a significant decrease in SMLs during the acute phase. In this retrospective study, constant hypomagnesemia was observed during the acute phase of PRES regardless of its etiology. These results now require larger studies to assess the particular importance of acute hypomagnesemia in PRES and especially the possible need to treat PRES with magnesium sulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Chardain
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - V Mesnage
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - S Alamowitch
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - F Bourdain
- Department of Neurology, Centre médico-chirurgical Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - S Crozier
- Department of Cerebrovascular Emergency, hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - T Lenglet
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - D Psimaras
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Demeret
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Graveleau
- Department of Neurology, Centre médico-chirurgical Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - K Hoang-Xuan
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - R Levy
- Department of Neurology, hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
TANG YM, WANG DG, LI J, LI XH, WANG Q, LIU N, LIU WT, LI YX. Relationships between micronutrient losses in sweat and blood pressure among heat-exposed steelworkers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:215-223. [PMID: 27087421 PMCID: PMC4939859 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effect of micronutrient losses through sweat on blood pressure (BP) among heat-exposed steelworkers. A total of 224 heat-exposed male steelworkers from an ironworks facility were evaluated in July 2012. We measured the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index to evaluate the level of heat stress in the workplace. We collected sweat from the workers during an eight-hour work, and then we measured the micronutrients in the sweat. We also measured the BP of each worker. The results revealed that vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat were positively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (all P<0.05). A linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that potassium, and calcium losses in sweat adversely affected SBP and DBP (all P<0.05). An analysis of covariance showed that SBP increased when potassium or calcium losses in sweat were >900 mg, or >100 mg, respectively. Further, DBP increased when potassium or calcium losses in sweat were >600 mg or >130 mg, respectively. Therefore, vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat may adversely effect BP. To help steelworkers maintain healthy BP, facilities with high temperatures should try to lower environmental temperatures to reduce vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat. Additionally, heat-exposed steelworkers may need to increase their dietary intakes of vitamin C, potassium, and calcium. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and support these recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei TANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Dao-Gang WANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Qingbaijiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun LI
- Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xing-Hua LI
- Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Qian WANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Nan LIU
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Wei-Tian LIU
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying-Xue LI
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ozturk N, Olgar Y, Aslan M, Ozdemir S. Effects of magnesium supplementation on electrophysiological remodeling of cardiac myocytes in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:425-36. [PMID: 27193439 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiac hypertrophy and magnesium deficiency is suggested to be a contributing factor in the progression of this complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between intracellular free Mg(2+) levels and electrophysiological changes developed in the myocardium of L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by administration of 40 mg/kg of L-NAME for 6 weeks, while magnesium treated rats fed with a diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of MgO for the same period. L-NAME administration for 6 weeks elicited a significant increase in blood pressure which was corrected with MgO treatment; thereby cardiac hypertrophy developing secondary to hypertension was prevented. Cytosolic free magnesium levels of ventricular myocytes were significantly decreased with hypertension and magnesium administration restored these changes. Hypertension significantly decreased the fractional shortening with slowing of shortening kinetics in left ventricular myocytes whereas magnesium treatment was capable of restoring hypertension-induced contractile dysfunction. Long-term magnesium treatment significantly restored the hypertension-induced prolongation in action potentials of ventricular myocytes and suppressed Ito and Iss currents. In contrast, hypertension dependent decrement in intracellular Mg(2+) level did not cause a significant change in L-type Ca(2+) currents, SR Ca(2+) content and NCX activity. Nevertheless, hypertension mediated increase in superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and protein oxidation mitigated with magnesium treatment. In conclusion, magnesium administration improves mechanical abnormalities observed in hypertensive rat ventricular myocytes due to reduced oxidative stress. It is likely that, changes in intracellular magnesium balance may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ozturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yolcu M, Ipek E, Turkmen S, Ozen Y, Yildirim E, Sertcelik A, Ulusoy FR. The relationship between elevated magnesium levels and coronary artery ectasia. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 27:294-298. [PMID: 27123953 PMCID: PMC5370359 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2016-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Backround Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) without specific symptoms is the localised or diffuse swelling of the epicardial coronary arteries. Magnessium (Mg) plays an important role in cardiac excitability, vascular tonus, contractibility, reactivity and vasodilatation. In our research, we aimed to study the vasodilatory effect of Mg in the aetiopathogenesis of ectasia. Methods Patients identified during routine coronary angiograms in our clinic between January 2010 and 2013 were included in the study. Sixty-two patients with isolated CAE, 57 with normal coronary angiograms (NCA), 73 with severe coronary artery disease (CAD), and 95 with stenosis of at least one coronary artery and CAE (CAD + CAE) were included in the study. Serum Mg levels were measured in mg/ dl after 12 hours of fasting. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease and medications used. Serum glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), urea, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, sodium and potassium levels were similar in all groups. Serum Mg levels were 1.90 ± 0.19 mg/dl in patients with isolated CAE, 1.75 ± 0.19 mg/dl in those with CAD, 1.83 ± 0.20 mg/dl in those with CAD + CAE, and 1.80 ± 0.16 mg/dl in the NCA group. These results show that Mg levels were higher in ectasia patients with or without CAD. Conclusions The histopathological characteristics of patients with CAE were similar to those with CAD. The specific mechanism of abnormal luminal dilatation seen in CAE however remains to be elucidated. Mg is a divalent cation with powerful vasodilatory effects. In our study, serum Mg levels were found to be statistically higher in ectasia patients with or without CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yolcu
- Department of Cardiology, Arel Universty, Private Medicana Camlica Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Ipek
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serdar Turkmen
- Department of Cardiology, Sani Konukoğlu Medical Centre, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yücel Ozen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alper Sertcelik
- Department of Cardiology, Sani Konukoğlu Medical Centre, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fatih Rifat Ulusoy
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Feyh A, Bracero L, Lakhani HV, Santhanam P, Shapiro JI, Khitan Z, Sodhi K. Role of Dietary Components in Modulating Hypertension. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY 2016; 7:433. [PMID: 27158555 PMCID: PMC4857880 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health issue, particularly in medically underserved populations that may suffer from poor health literacy, poverty, and limited access to healthcare resources. Management of the disease reduces the risk of adverse outcomes, such as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, vision impairment due to retinal damage, and renal failure. In addition to pharmacological therapy, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are effective in managing hypertension. Current diet guidelines include the DASH diet, a low-fat and low-sodium diet that encourages high consumption of fruits and vegetables. While the diet is effective in controlling hypertension, adherence to the diet is poor and there are few applicable dietary alternatives, which is an issue that can arise from poor health literacy in at-risk populations. The purpose of this review is to outline the effect of specific dietary components, both positive and negative, when formulating a dietary approach to hypertension management that ultimately aims to improve patient adherence to the treatment, and achieve better control of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Feyh
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Lucas Bracero
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Santhanam
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Zeid Khitan
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| |
Collapse
|