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Ni Y, Wu X, Yao W, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ding X. Evidence of traditional Chinese medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: from molecular mechanisms to clinical efficacy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:592-606. [PMID: 39028269 PMCID: PMC11262228 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2374794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly in recent decades. Despite numerous studies and systematic reviews, there is a gap in comprehensive and up-to-date evaluations in this rapidly evolving field. OBJECTIVE This review provides a comprehensive and current overview of the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating T2DM. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and Medline databases, with a search timeframe extending up to November 2023. The search strategy involved a combination of subject terms and free words in English, including 'Diabetes,' 'Traditional Chinese Medicine,' 'TCM,' 'Hypoglycemic Effect,' 'Clinical Trial,' and 'Randomized Controlled Trial.' The studies were rigorously screened by two investigators, with a third investigator reviewing and approving the final selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 108 relevant papers were systematically reviewed. The findings suggest that TCMs not only demonstrate clinical efficacy comparable to existing Western medications in managing hypoglycemia but also offer fewer adverse effects and a multitarget therapeutic approach. Five main biological mechanisms through which TCM treats diabetes were identified: improving glucose transport and utilization, improving glycogen metabolism, promoting GLP-1 release, protecting pancreatic islets from damage, and improving intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS TCM has demonstrated significant protective effects against diabetes and presents a viable option for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. These findings support the further exploration and integration of TCM into broader diabetes management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianglong Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Yao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuna Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yin X, Ni G, Zhang X, Fu S, Li H, Gao Z. Tyrosine nitration of glucagon impairs its function: Extending the role of heme in T2D pathogenesis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112519. [PMID: 38507994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
New studies raise the possibility that the higher glucagon (GCG) level present in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a compensatory mechanism to enhance β-cell function, rather than induce dysregulated glucose homeostasis, due to an important role for GCG that acts directly within the pancreas on insulin secretion by intra-islet GCG signaling. However, in states of poorly controlled T2D, pancreatic α cell mass increases (overproduced GCG) in response to insufficient insulin secretion, indicating decreased local GCG activity. The reason for this decrease is not clear. Recent evidence has uncovered a new role of heme in cellular signal transduction, and its mechanism involves reversible binding of heme to proteins. Considering that protein tyrosine nitration in diabetic islets increases and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) decreases, we speculated that heme modulates GSIS by transient interaction with GCG and catalyzing its tyrosine nitration, and the tyrosine nitration may impair GCG activity, leading to loss of intra-islet GCG signaling and markedly impaired insulin secretion. Data presented here elucidate a novel role for heme in disrupting local GCG signaling in diabetes. Heme bound to GCG and induced GCG tyrosine nitration. Two tyrosine residues in GCG were both sensitive to the nitrating species. Further, GCG was also demonstrated to be a preferred target peptide for tyrosine nitration by co-incubation with BSA. Tyrosine nitration impaired GCG stimulated cAMP-dependent signaling in islet β cells and decreased insulin release. Our results provided a new role of heme for impaired GSIS in the pathological process of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guoqi Ni
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shitao Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Ndlovu IS, Tshilwane SI, Ngcamphalala PI, Vosloo A, Chaisi M, Mukaratirwa S. Metabolomics (Non-Targeted) of Induced Type 2 Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats Comorbid with a Tissue-Dwelling Nematode Parasite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17211. [PMID: 38139040 PMCID: PMC10743009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a non-communicable metabolic syndrome that is characterized by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance. Both animal and human studies have been conducted, demonstrating that helminth infections are associated with a decreased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a paucity of information on the impact that helminths have on the metabolome of the host and how the infection ameliorates T2DM or its progression. Therefore, this study aimed at using a non-targeted metabolomics approach to systematically identify differentiating metabolites from serum samples of T2DM-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats infected with a tissue-dwelling nematode, Trichinella zimbabwensis, and determine the metabolic pathways impacted during comorbidity. Forty-five male SD rats with a body weight between 160 g and 180 g were used, and these were randomly selected into control (non-diabetic and not infected with T. zimbabwensis) (n = 15) and T2DM rats infected with T. zimbabwensis (TzDM) (n = 30). The results showed metabolic separation between the two groups, where d-mannitol, d-fructose, and glucose were upregulated in the TzDM group, when compared to the control group. L-tyrosine, glycine, diglycerol, L-lysine, and L-hydroxyproline were downregulated in the TzDM group when compared to the control group. Metabolic pathways which were highly impacted in the TzDM group include biotin metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and lactose degradation. We conclude from our study that infecting T2DM rats with a tissue-dwelling nematode, T. zimbabwensis, causes a shift in the metabolome, causing changes in different metabolic pathways. Additionally, the infection showed the potential to regulate or improve diabetes complications by causing a decrease in the amino acid concentration that results in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Siyanda Ndlovu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Philile Ignecious Ngcamphalala
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Andre’ Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Mamohale Chaisi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Caruso Bavisotto C, Alberti G, Vitale AM, Paladino L, Campanella C, Rappa F, Gorska M, Conway de Macario E, Cappello F, Macario AJL, Marino Gammazza A. Hsp60 Post-translational Modifications: Functional and Pathological Consequences. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:95. [PMID: 32582761 PMCID: PMC7289027 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp60 is a chaperone belonging to the Chaperonins of Group I and typically functions inside mitochondria in which, together with the co-chaperonin Hsp10, maintains protein homeostasis. In addition to this canonical role, Hsp60 plays many others beyond the mitochondria, for instance in the cytosol, plasma-cell membrane, extracellular space, and body fluids. These non-canonical functions include participation in inflammation, autoimmunity, carcinogenesis, cell replication, and other cellular events in health and disease. Thus, Hsp60 is a multifaceted molecule with a wide range of cellular and tissue locations and functions, which is noteworthy because there is only one hsp60 gene. The question is by what mechanism this protein can become multifaceted. Likely, one factor contributing to this diversity is post-translational modification (PTM). The amino acid sequence of Hsp60 contains many potential phosphorylation sites, and other PTMs are possible such as O-GlcNAcylation, nitration, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, citrullination, oxidation, and ubiquitination. The effect of some of these PTMs on Hsp60 functions have been examined, for instance phosphorylation has been implicated in sperm capacitation, docking of H2B and microtubule-associated proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, tumor invasiveness, and delay or facilitation of apoptosis. Nitration was found to affect the stability of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, to inhibit folding ability, and to perturb insulin secretion. Hyperacetylation was associated with mitochondrial failure; S-nitrosylation has an impact on mitochondrial stability and endothelial integrity; citrullination can be pro-apoptotic; oxidation has a role in the response to cellular injury and in cell migration; and ubiquitination regulates interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Future research ought to determine which PTM causes which variations in the Hsp60 molecular properties and functions, and which of them are pathogenic, causing chaperonopathies. This is an important topic considering the number of acquired Hsp60 chaperonopathies already cataloged, many of which are serious diseases without efficacious treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Alberti
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Sabadashka M, Nagalievska M, Sybirna N. Tyrosine nitration as a key event of signal transduction that regulates functional state of the cell. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:481-497. [PMID: 31908104 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the role of nitration of proteins by tyrosine residues in physiological and pathological conditions. First of all, we analyze the biochemical evidence of peroxynitrite formation and reactions that lead to its formation, types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) induced by reactive nitrogen species, as well as three biological pathways of tyrosine nitration. Then, we describe two possible mechanisms of protein nitration that are involved in intracellular signal transduction, as well as its interconnection with phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of tyrosine. Next part of the review is dedicated to the role of proteins nitration in different pathological conditions. In this section, special attention is devoted to the role of nitration in changes of functional properties of actin-protein that undergoes PTMs both in normal and pathological conditions. Overall, this review is devoted to the main features of protein nitration by tyrosine residue and the role of this process in intracellular signal transduction in basal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Sabadashka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Nagalievska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Sybirna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
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Li J, Cao Y, Sun X, Han L, Li S, Gu W, Song M, Jiang C, Yang X, Fang Z. Plasma tyrosine and its interaction with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:491-498. [PMID: 29999591 PMCID: PMC6400201 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Metabolomic markers have the potential to improve the predicting accuracy of existing risk scores for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to test the associations between plasma tyrosine and type 2 diabetes mellitus with special attention to identifying possible cut-off points for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and its interactive effects with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and/or high triglyceride for type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS From 27 May 2015 to 3 August 2016, we retrieved the medical notes of 1,898 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as the cases, and 1,522 individuals without diabetes as the controls who attended annual medical checkups from the same tertiary care center in Jinzhou, China. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline analysis nested in the logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible cut-off points of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The additive interaction was used to estimate interactions between high tyrosine and low HDL-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. RESULTS The OR of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus did not increase until 46 μmol/L and after that point, the OR rapidly rose with increasing tyrosine in a nearly linear manner. If 46 μmol/L was used to define high tyrosine, high tyrosine was associated with an increased OR of type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.44-2.45). The presence of low HDL-C greatly enhanced the ORs of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1.11 (95% CI 0.82-1.51) to 54.11 (95% CI 33.96-86.22) with significant additive interaction. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese adults, tyrosine >46 μmol/L was associated with increased odds of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was contingent on low HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yun‐Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM)JinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Xiao‐Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM)JinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Sai‐Nan Li
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wen‐Qing Gu
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Min Song
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chang‐tao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhong‐ze Fang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Nuli R, Azhati J, Cai J, Kadeer A, Zhang B, Mohemaiti P. Metagenomics and Faecal Metabolomics Integrative Analysis towards the Impaired Glucose Regulation and Type 2 Diabetes in Uyghur-Related Omics. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2893041. [PMID: 31828159 PMCID: PMC6885810 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2893041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This research was designed to study the relationship between gut microbiota and faecal metabolites of Uyghur newly onset T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 different glycemic Uyghur subjects were enrolled and divided into T2DM, IGR, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) groups. Metagenomics and LC-MS-based untargeted faecal metabolomics were employed. Correlations between bacterial composition and faecal metabolomics were evaluated. RESULTS We discovered that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in newly onset T2DM and IGR were different from those in NGT. The α-diversity was higher in NGT than in T2DM and IGR; β-diversity analysis revealed apparent differences in the bacterial community structures between patients with T2DM, IGR, and NGT. LC-MS faecal metabolomics analysis discovered different metabolomics features in the three groups. Alchornoic acid, PE (14 : 0/20 : 3), PI, L-tyrosine, LysoPC (15 : 0), protorifamycin I, pimelic acid, epothilone A, 7-dehydro-desmosterol, L-lysine, LysoPC (14 : 1), and teasterone are the most significant differential enriched metabolites. Most of the differential enriched metabolites were involved in metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Procrustes analysis and correlation analysis identified correlations between gut microbiota and faecal metabolites. Matricin was positively correlated with Bacteroides and negatively correlated with Actinobacteria; protorifamycin I was negatively correlated with Actinobacteria; epothilone A was negatively correlated with Actinobacteria and positively correlated with Firmicutes; PA was positively correlated with Bacteroides and negatively correlated with Firmicutes; and cristacarpin was positively correlated with Actinobacteria; however, this correlation relationship does not imply causality. CONCLUSIONS This study used joint metagenomics and metabolomics analyses to elucidate the relationship between gut microbiota and faecal metabolites in different glycemic groups, and the result suggested that metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis occurred in Uyghur T2DM and IGR. The results provide a theoretical basis for studying the pathological mechanism for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebiya Nuli
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jureti Azhati
- The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Junxiu Cai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Aizhatiguli Kadeer
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Patamu Mohemaiti
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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Wang F, Xi Y, Liu W, Li J, Zhang Y, Jia M, He Q, Zhao H, Wang S. Sanbai Melon Seed Oil Exerts Its Protective Effects in a Diabetes Mellitus Model via the Akt/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5734723. [PMID: 31612149 PMCID: PMC6757275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5734723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the lack of adequate and scientifically rigorous evidence has limited its application in this disorder. Sanbai melon seed oil (SMSO) is used in folk medicine to treat DM; however, only few literature reports exist regarding its mechanism. Herein, we aimed to confirm the antidiabetic activity of SMSO in a T2DM model and further elucidate its possible mechanisms. The T2DM rat model was induced by high-fat and sugar diet and streptozocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg). SMSO was administered at doses of 0.7 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg, and 2.8 g/kg. Several biochemical parameters and antioxidant protein levels were measured to evaluate the hyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of SMSO. Western blotting was performed to determine its potential mechanism. Based on the results, SMSO treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, increased plasma insulin, and repaired islet tissue injury in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). To add, it markedly reduced MDA levels and increased that of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Western blot results showed that SMSO induced n-Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies showed that LY294002, aPI3K inhibitor, abolished the effects of SMSO on GSK-3β phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation as well as the protective effects on pancreatic β cells. Together, these results suggest that SMSO regulates the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway and induces the expression of antioxidant proteins to impede oxidative stress in rats with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Xi'an Siyuan University, 28 Shui An Road, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanhang Xi
- Yang Ling Fragrance Edible Oil Co. Ltd., 712100 Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Beilu, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Jia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medical, Xi'an Medical College, 1 Xinwang road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qiaoyan He
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhao
- Xi'an Siyuan University, 28 Shui An Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Beilu, Xi'an 710069, China
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Biological Activities, Health Benefits, and Therapeutic Properties of Avenanthramides: From Skin Protection to Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6015351. [PMID: 30245775 PMCID: PMC6126071 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6015351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa) is a cereal known since antiquity as a useful grain with abundant nutritional and health benefits. It contains distinct molecular components with high antioxidant activity, such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavanoids. In addition, it is a unique source of avenanthramides, phenolic amides containing anthranilic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid moieties, and endowed with major beneficial health properties because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. In this review, we report on the biological activities of avenanthramides and their derivatives, including analogs produced in recombinant yeast, with a major focus on the therapeutic potential of these secondary metabolites in the treatment of aging-related human diseases. Moreover, we also present recent advances pointing to avenanthramides as interesting therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) disease, a major cerebrovascular disorder affecting up to 0.5% of the human population. Finally, we highlight the potential of foodomics and redox proteomics approaches in outlining distinctive molecular pathways and redox protein modifications associated with avenanthramide bioactivities in promoting human health and contrasting the onset and progression of various pathologies. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Adelia Frison.
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Giri B, Dey S, Das T, Sarkar M, Banerjee J, Dash SK. Chronic hyperglycemia mediated physiological alteration and metabolic distortion leads to organ dysfunction, infection, cancer progression and other pathophysiological consequences: An update on glucose toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:306-328. [PMID: 30098549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of glucose rich environment creates several physiological and pathophysiological changes. There are several pathways by which hyperglycemia exacerbate its toxic effect on cells, tissues and organ systems. Hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress, upsurge polyol pathway, activate protein kinase C (PKC), enhance hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promote the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and finally alters gene expressions. Prolonged hyperglycemic condition leads to severe diabetic condition by damaging the pancreatic β-cell and inducing insulin resistance. Numerous complications have been associated with diabetes, thus it has become a major health issue in the 21st century and has received serious attention. Dysregulation in the cardiovascular and reproductive systems along with nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer may arise in the advanced stages of diabetes. High glucose level also encourages proliferation of cancer cells, development of osteoarthritis and potentiates a suitable environment for infections. This review culminates how elevated glucose level carries out its toxicity in cells, metabolic distortion along with organ dysfunction and elucidates the complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Sananda Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Tanaya Das
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India.
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The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA induces HSP60 nitration and its extracellular release by exosomal vesicles in human lung-derived carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28849-67. [PMID: 26700624 PMCID: PMC5045361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP60 undergoes changes in quantity and distribution in some types of tumors suggesting a participation of the chaperonin in the mechanism of transformation and cancer progression. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a member of a family of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), has anti-cancer potential but its interaction, if any, with HSP60 has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of SAHA in a human lung-derived carcinoma cell line (H292). We analysed cell viability and cycle; oxidative stress markers; mitochondrial integrity; HSP60 protein and mRNA levels; and HSP60 post-translational modifications, and its secretion. We found that SAHA is cytotoxic for H292 cells, interrupting the cycle at the G2/M phase, which is followed by death; cytotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and diminution of intracellular levels of HSP60; HSP60 undergoes a post-translational modification and becomes nitrated; and nitrated HSP60 is exported via exosomes. We propose that SAHA causes ROS overproduction and mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to HSP60 nitration and release into the intercellular space and circulation to interact with the immune system. These successive steps might constitute the mechanism of the anti-tumor action of SAHA and provide a basis to design supplementary therapeutic strategies targeting HSP60, which would be more efficacious than the compound alone.
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12
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Demicheli V, Moreno DM, Radi R. Human Mn-superoxide dismutase inactivation by peroxynitrite: a paradigm of metal-catalyzed tyrosine nitration in vitro and in vivo. Metallomics 2018; 10:679-695. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitration of human MnSOD at active site Tyr34 represents a biologically-relevant oxidative post-translational modification that causes enzyme inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Demicheli
- Departmento de Bioquimica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
| | - Diego M. Moreno
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Área Química General e Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departmento de Bioquimica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
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13
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Huang Y, Yang Z, Xu H, Zhang P, Gao Z, Li H. Insulin enhances the peroxidase activity of heme by forming heme-insulin complex: Relevance to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:1009-1015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lundquist I, Mohammed Al-Amily I, Meidute Abaraviciene S, Salehi A. Metformin Ameliorates Dysfunctional Traits of Glibenclamide- and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion by Suppression of Imposed Overactivity of the Islet Nitric Oxide Synthase-NO System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165668. [PMID: 27820841 PMCID: PMC5098820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin lowers diabetic blood glucose primarily by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral glucose uptake. However, possible effects by metformin on beta-cell function are incompletely understood. We speculated that metformin might positively influence insulin secretion through impacting the beta-cell nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-NO system, a negative modulator of glucose-stimulated insulin release. In short-time incubations with isolated murine islets either glibenclamide or high glucose augmented insulin release associated with increased NO production from both neural and inducible NOS. Metformin addition suppressed the augmented NO generation coinciding with amplified insulin release. Islet culturing with glibenclamide or high glucose revealed pronounced fluorescence of inducible NOS in the beta-cells being abolished by metformin co-culturing. These findings were reflected in medium nitrite-nitrate levels. A glucose challenge following islet culturing with glibenclamide or high glucose revealed markedly impaired insulin response. Metformin co-culturing restored this response. Culturing murine islets and human islets from controls and type 2 diabetics with high glucose or high glucose + glibenclamide induced a pronounced decrease of cell viability being remarkably restored by metformin co-culturing. We show here, that imposed overactivity of the beta-cell NOS-NO system by glibenclamide or high glucose leads to insulin secretory dysfunction and reduced cell viability and also, importantly, that these effects are relieved by metformin inhibiting beta-cell NO overproduction from both neural and inducible NOS thus ameliorating a concealed negative influence by NO induced by sulfonylurea treatment and/or high glucose levels. This double-edged effect of glibenclamide on the beta-cellsuggests sulfonylurea monotherapy in type 2 diabetes being avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Lundquist
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Israa Mohammed Al-Amily
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Meidute Abaraviciene
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Dept. of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine Vilnius University, and Dep. of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Zheng H, Wu J, Jin Z, Yan LJ. Protein Modifications as Manifestations of Hyperglycemic Glucotoxicity in Diabetes and Its Complications. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2016; 9:1-9. [PMID: 27042090 PMCID: PMC4807886 DOI: 10.4137/bci.s36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are hyperglycemic toxicity diseases. Many metabolic pathways in this array of diseases become aberrant, which is accompanied with a variety of posttranslational protein modifications that in turn reflect diabetic glucotoxicity. In this review, we summarize some of the most widely studied protein modifications in diabetes and its complications. These modifications include glycation, carbonylation, nitration, cysteine S-nitrosylation, acetylation, sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and succination. All these posttranslational modifications can be significantly attributed to oxidative stress and/or carbon stress induced by diabetic redox imbalance that is driven by activation of pathways, such as the polyol pathway and the ADP-ribosylation pathway. Exploring the nature of these modifications should facilitate our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.; Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Mouse Model Reveals Protection by Lactobacillus fermentum. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e138. [PMID: 26795070 PMCID: PMC4737872 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcoholism is one of the most devastating diseases with high incidence, but knowledge of its pathology and treatment is still plagued with gaps mostly because of the inherent limitations of research with patients. We developed an animal model for studying liver histopathology, Hsp (heat-shock protein)-chaperones involvement, and response to treatment. METHODS The system was standardized using mice to which ethanol was orally administered alone or in combination with Lactobacillus fermentum following a precise schedule over time and applying, at predetermined intervals, a battery of techniques (histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, 3-nitrotyrosine labeling) to assess liver pathology (e.g., steatosis, fibrosis), and Hsp60 and iNOS (inducible form of nitric oxide synthase) gene expression and protein levels, and post-translational modifications. RESULTS Typical ethanol-induced liver pathology occurred and the effect of the probiotic could be reliably monitored. Steatosis score, iNOS levels, and nitrated proteins (e.g., Hsp60) decreased after probiotic intake. CONCLUSIONS We describe a mouse model useful for studying liver disease induced by chronic ethanol intake and for testing pertinent therapeutic agents, e.g., probiotics. We tested L. fermentum, which reduced considerably ethanol-induced tissue damage and deleterious post-translational modifications of the chaperone Hsp60. The model is available to test other agents and probiotics with therapeutic potential in alcoholic liver disease.
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Aggarwal S, Shailendra G, Ribnicky DM, Burk D, Karki N, Qingxia Wang MS. An extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. stimulates insulin secretion from β cells, activates AMPK and suppresses inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:98-105. [PMID: 25980421 PMCID: PMC4470741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia dracunculus L. (Russian tarragon) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Compositae and has a history of medicinal use in humans, particularly for treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study a defined plant extract from A. dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) is used to improve beta(β) cells function and maintain β cell number in pancreatic islets as an alternative drug approach for successful treatment of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse and human pancreatic beta cells were treated with defined plant extract of A. dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) to understand the mechanism(s) that influence beta cell function and β cell number. RESULTS We found that the PMI-5011 enhances insulin release from primary β cells, isolated mouse and human islets and it maintains β cell number. Insulin released by PMI-5011 is associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (PKB). Furthermore, PMI-5011 suppresses LPS/INFγ-induced inflammation and inflammatory mediator(s) in macrophages. PMI-5011 inhibited Nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the protein level and also attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) production in macrophages. CONCLUSION PMI-5011 has potential therapeutic value for diabetes treatment via increasing insulin release from β cells and decreases capacity of macrophages to combat inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Aggarwal
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Giri Shailendra
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521, USA
| | - David Burk
- Cell Biology and Bio-imaging, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Namrata Karki
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M S Qingxia Wang
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Johns M, Fyalka R, Shea JA, Neumann WL, Rausaria S, Msengi EN, Imani-Nejad M, Zollars H, McPherson T, Schober J, Wooten J, Kwon G. SR-135, a peroxynitrite decomposing catalyst, enhances β-cell function and survival in B6D2F1 mice fed a high fat diet. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:49-59. [PMID: 25935364 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite has been implicated in β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in obesity. Chemical catalysts that destroy peroxynitrite, therefore, may have therapeutic value for treating type 2 diabetes. To this end, we have recently demonstrated that Mn(III) bis(hydroxyphenyl)-dipyrromethene complexes, SR-135 and its analogs, can effectively catalyze the decomposition of peroxynitrite in vitro and in vivo through a 2-electron mechanism (Rausaria et al., 2011). To study the effects of SR-135 on glucose homeostasis in obesity, B6D2F1 mice were fed with a high fat-diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and treated with vehicle, SR-135 (5mg/kg), or a control drug SRB for 2 weeks. SR-135 significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and enhanced glucose tolerance as compared to HFD control, vehicle or SRB. SR-135 also enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion based on ex vivo studies. Moreover, SR-135 increased insulin content, restored islet architecture, decreased islet size, and reduced tyrosine nitration and apoptosis. These results suggest that a peroxynitrite decomposing catalyst enhances β-cell function and survival under nutrient overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Robert Fyalka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Jennifer A Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - William L Neumann
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Smita Rausaria
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Eliwaza Naomi Msengi
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Maryam Imani-Nejad
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Harry Zollars
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Timothy McPherson
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Joseph Schober
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Joshua Wooten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Guim Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States.
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Kover K, Yan Y, Tong PY, Watkins D, Li X, Tasch J, Hager M, Clements M, Moore WV. Osteocalcin protects pancreatic beta cell function and survival under high glucose conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:21-6. [PMID: 25930995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by progressive beta cell dysfunction and loss due in part to oxidative stress that occurs from gluco/lipotoxicity. Treatments that directly protect beta cell function and survival in the diabetic milieu are of particular interest. A growing body of evidence suggests that osteocalcin, an abundant non-collagenous protein of bone, supports beta cell function and proliferation. Based on previous gene expression data by microarray, we hypothesized that osteocalcin protects beta cells from glucose-induced oxidative stress. To test our hypothesis we cultured isolated rat islets and INS-1E cells in the presence of normal, high, or high glucose ± osteocalcin for up to 72 h. Oxidative stress and viability/mitochondrial function were measured by H2O2 assay and Alamar Blue assay, respectively. Caspase 3/7 activity was also measured as a marker of apoptosis. A functional test, glucose stimulated insulin release, was conducted and expression of genes/protein was measured by qRT-PCR/western blot/ELISA. Osteocalcin treatment significantly reduced high glucose-induced H2O2 levels while maintaining viability/mitochondrial function. Osteocalcin also significantly improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content in rat islets after 48 h of high glucose exposure compared to untreated islets. As expected sustained high glucose down-regulated gene/protein expression of INS1 and BCL2 while increasing TXNIP expression. Interestingly, osteocalcin treatment reversed the effects of high glucose on gene/protein expression. We conclude that osteocalcin can protect beta cells from the negative effects of glucose-induced oxidative stress, in part, by reducing TXNIP expression, thereby preserving beta cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kover
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Yun Yan
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Pei Ying Tong
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Dara Watkins
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - James Tasch
- Kansas City University Medical Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Melissa Hager
- Kansas City University Medical Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mark Clements
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Wayne V Moore
- Division of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Scandroglio F, Tórtora V, Radi R, Castro L. Metabolic control analysis of mitochondrial aconitase: influence over respiration and mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:684-93. [PMID: 24601712 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.900175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Fe-S cluster of mitochondrial aconitase is rapidly and selectively inactivated by oxidants, yielding an inactive enzyme that can be reactivated by reductants and iron in vivo. In order to elucidate the metabolic impact of oxidant-dependent aconitase inhibition over the citric acid cycle, the respiratory chain reactions, and reactive species formation, we performed a metabolic analysis using isolated mitochondria from different rat tissues. Titrations with fluorocitrate showed IC50 for aconitase inhibition ranging from 7 to 24 μM. The aconitase inhibition threshold in mitochondrial oxygen consumption was determined to range from 63 to 98%. Of the tissues examined, brain and heart exhibited the highest values in the flux control coefficient (> 0.95). Aconitase-specific activity varied widely among tissues examined from ~60 mU/mg in liver to 321 mU/mg in kidney at 21% O2. In brain and heart, aconitase-specific activity increased by 42 and 12%, respectively, at 2% O2 reflecting aconitase inactivation by oxygen-derived oxidants at 21% O2. Both mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production significantly decreased upon aconitase inhibition in heart and brain mitochondria. These results indicate that aconitase can exert control over respiration (with tissue specificity) and support the hypothesis that inactivation of aconitase may provide a control mechanism to prevent O2(●-) and H2O2 formation by the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scandroglio
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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Broniowska KA, Mathews CE, Corbett JA. Do β-cells generate peroxynitrite in response to cytokine treatment? J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36567-78. [PMID: 24194521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the reactive species that is responsible for cytokine-mediated β-cell death. Inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevent this death, and addition of exogenous nitric oxide using donors induces β-cell death. The reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide results in the generation of peroxynitrite, and this powerful oxidant has been suggested to be the mediator of β-cell death in response to cytokine treatment. Recently, coumarin-7-boronate has been developed as a probe for the selective detection of peroxynitrite. Using this reagent, we show that addition of the NADPH oxidase activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to nitric oxide-producing macrophages results in peroxynitrite generation. Using a similar approach, we demonstrate that cytokines fail to stimulate peroxynitrite generation by rat islets and insulinoma cells, either with or without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment. When forced to produce superoxide using redox cyclers, this generation is associated with protection from nitric oxide toxicity. These findings indicate that: (i) nitric oxide is the likely mediator of the toxic effects of cytokines, (ii) β-cells do not produce peroxynitrite in response to cytokines, and (iii) when forced to produce superoxide, the scavenging of nitric oxide by superoxide is associated with protection of β-cells from nitric oxide-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Broniowska
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
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Wu L, Li X, Zhu H, Xu P, Gao X. A prescribed Chinese herbal medicine improves glucose profile and ameliorates oxidative stress in Goto-Kakisaki rats fed with high fat diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60262. [PMID: 23565214 PMCID: PMC3614962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a role in hyperglycemia induced islet β cell dysfunction, however, studies on classic anti-oxidants didn’t show positive results in treating diabetes. We previously demonstrated that the prescribed Chinese herbal medicine preparation “Qing Huo Yi Hao” (QHYH) improved endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. QHYH protected endothelial cells from high glucose-induced damages by scavenging superoxide anion and reducing production of reactive oxygen species. Its active component protected C2C12 myotubes against palmitate-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated whether QHYH protected islet β cell function exacerbated by high fat diet (HFD) in hyperglycemic GK rats. 4-week-old male rats were randomly divided into high HFD feeding group (n = 20) and chow diet feeding group (n = 10). Each gram of HFD contained 4.8 kcal of energy, 52% of which from fat. Rats on HFD were further divided into 2 groups given either QHYH (3 ml/Kg/d) or saline through gastric tube. After intervention, serum glucose concentrations were monitored; IPGTTs were performed without anesthesia on 5 fasting rats randomly chosen from each group on week 4 and 16. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and activities of serum antioxidant enzymes were measured on week 4 and 16. Islet β cell mass and OS marker staining was done by immunohistochemistry on week 16. QHYH prevented the exacerbation of hyperglycemia in HFD feeding GK rats for 12 weeks. On week 16, it improved the exacerbated glucose tolerance and prevented the further loss of islet β cell mass induced by HFD. QHYH markedly decreased serum MDA concentration, increased serum catalase (CAT) and SOD activities on week 4. However, no differences of serum glucose concentration or OS were observed on week 16. We concluded that QHYH decreased hyperglycemia exacerbated by HFD in GK rats by improving β cell function partly via its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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Wiseman DA, Thurmond DC. The good and bad effects of cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration upon insulin exocytosis: a balancing act. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8:303-15. [PMID: 22587517 PMCID: PMC3571098 DOI: 10.2174/157339912800840514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As understanding of the mechanisms driving and regulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells grows, there is increasing and compelling evidence that nitric oxide (•NO) and other closely-related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in this exocytic process. •NO and associated RNS, in particular peroxynitrite, possess the capability to effect signals across both intracellular and extracellular compartments in rapid fashion, affording extraordinary signaling potential. It is well established that nitric oxide signals through activation of guanylate cyclase-mediated production of cyclic GMP. The intricate intracellular redox environment, however, lends credence to the possibility that •NO and peroxynitrite could interact with a wider variety of biological targets, with two leading mechanisms involving 1) Snitrosylation of cysteine, and 2) nitration of tyrosine residues comprised within a variety of proteins. Efforts aimed at delineating the specific roles of •NO and peroxynitrite in regulated insulin secretion indicate that a highly-complex and nuanced system exists, with evidence that •NO and peroxynitrite can contribute in both positive and negative regulatory ways in beta cells. Furthermore, the ultimate biochemical outcome within beta cells, whether to compensate and recover from a given stress, or not, is likely a summation of contributory signals and redox status. Such seeming regulatory dichotomy provides ample opportunity for these mechanisms to serve both physiological and pathophysiologic roles in onset and progression of diabetes. This review focuses attention upon recent accumulating evidence pointing to roles for nitric oxide induced post-translational modifications in the normal regulation as well as the dysfunction of beta cell insulin exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Wiseman
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center, Basic Diabetes Group, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Address correspondence to this author at the 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA; Tel: 317-274-1551; Fax: 317-274-4107: and
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center, Basic Diabetes Group, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Address correspondence to this author at the 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA; Tel: 317-274-1551; Fax: 317-274-4107: and
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25
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Hyperactivation of protein phosphatase 2A in models of glucolipotoxicity and diabetes: potential mechanisms and functional consequences. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:591-7. [PMID: 22583922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A [PP2A] family of enzymes has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions including hormone secretion, growth, survival and apoptosis. PP2A accounts for ~1% of total cellular protein and ∼ 80% of total serine/threonine phosphatases, thus representing a major class of protein phosphatases in mammalian cells. Despite significant advances in our current understanding of regulation of cellular function by PP2A under physiological conditions, little is understood with regard to its regulation under various pathological conditions, such as diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests hyperactivation of PP2A in liver, muscle, retina and the pancreatic islet under the duress of glucolipotoxicity and diabetes. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of PP2A or siRNA-mediated depletion of the catalytic subunit of PP2A [PP2Ac] levels largely restored PP2A activity to near normal levels under these conditions. Herein, we provide an overview of PP2A subunit expression and activity in in vitro and in vivo models of glucolipotoxicity and diabetes, and revisit the existing data, which are suggestive of alterations in post-translational methylation, phosphorylation and nitration of PP2Ac under these conditions. Potential significance of hyperactive PP2A in the context of cell function, survival and apoptosis is also highlighted. It is hoped that this commentary will provide a basis for future studies to explore the potential for PP2Ac as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
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26
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Bedoya FJ, Salguero-Aranda C, Cahuana GM, Tapia-Limonchi R, Soria B, Tejedo JR. Regulation of pancreatic β-cell survival by nitric oxide: clinical relevance. Islets 2012; 4:108-18. [PMID: 22614339 DOI: 10.4161/isl.19822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of pancreatic β-cell mass is an important factor in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the maintenance of pancreatic β-cell mass as well as β-cell death is necessary for the establishment of therapeutic strategies. In this context, nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic, gaseous, highly reactive molecule with biological activity that participates in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass. Two types of cellular responses can be distinguished depending on the level of NO production. First, pancreatic β-cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, lipid stress or hyperglycaemia produce high concentrations of NO, mainly due to the activation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), thus promoting cell death. Meanwhile, under homeostatic conditions, low concentrations of NO, constitutively produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), promote cell survival. Here, we will discuss the current knowledge of the NO-dependent mechanisms activated during cellular responses, emphasizing those related to the regulation of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Bedoya
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo de Olavide, CIBERDEM, RED-TERCEL, Seville, Spain
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27
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Wiseman DA, Kalwat MA, Thurmond DC. Stimulus-induced S-nitrosylation of Syntaxin 4 impacts insulin granule exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16344-54. [PMID: 21393240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.214031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic islet β-cells involves increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Although this is normal, under pathophysiological conditions such as chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation, insulin exocytosis fails, and yet the mechanistic reason for failure is unclear. Hypothesizing that exocytotic proteins might be targets of S-nitrosylation, with their dysfunction under conditions of nitrosative stress serving as a mechanistic basis for insulin secretory dysfunction, we identified the t-SNARE protein Syntaxin 4 as a target of modification by S-nitrosylation. The cellular content of S-nitrosylated Syntaxin 4 peaked acutely, within 5 min of glucose stimulation in both human islets and MIN6 β-cells, corresponding to the time at which Syntaxin 4 activation was detectable. S-Nitrosylation was mapped to Syntaxin 4 residue Cys(141), located within the Hc domain predicted to increase accessibility for v-SNARE interaction. A C141S-Syntaxin 4 mutant resisted S-nitrosylation induced in vitro by the nitric oxide donor compound S-nitroso-L-glutathione, failed to exhibit glucose-induced activation and VAMP2 binding, and failed to potentiate insulin release akin to that of wild-type Syntaxin 4. Strikingly, S-nitrosylation of Syntaxin 4 could be induced by acute treatment with inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ), coordinate with inappropriate Syntaxin 4 activation and insulin release in the absence of the glucose stimulus, consistent with nitrosative stress and dysfunctional exocytosis, preceding the cell dysfunction and death associated with more chronic stimulation (24 h). Taken together, these data indicate a significant role for reactive nitrogen species in the insulin exocytosis mechanism in β-cells and expose a potential pathophysiological exploitation of this mechanism to underlie dysfunctional exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Wiseman
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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28
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Kerner J, Lee K, Hoppel CL. Post-translational modifications of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:16-28. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.515218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Mitochondria are primary loci for the intracellular formation and reactions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including superoxide (O₂•⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻). Depending on formation rates and steady-state levels, the mitochondrial-derived short-lived reactive species contribute to signalling events and/or mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidation reactions. Among relevant oxidative modifications in mitochondria, the nitration of the amino acid tyrosine to 3-nitrotyrosine has been recognized in vitro and in vivo. This post-translational modification in mitochondria is promoted by peroxynitrite and other nitrating species and can disturb organelle homeostasis. This study assesses the biochemical mechanisms of protein tyrosine nitration within mitochondria, the main nitration protein targets and the impact of 3-nitrotyrosine formation in the structure, function and fate of modified mitochondrial proteins. Finally, the inhibition of mitochondrial protein tyrosine nitration by endogenous and mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants and their physiological or pharmacological relevance to preserve mitochondrial functions is analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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30
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Yakovlev VA, Mikkelsen RB. Protein tyrosine nitration in cellular signal transduction pathways. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:420-9. [PMID: 20843272 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.513991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
How specificity and reversibility in tyrosine nitration are defined biologically in cellular systems is poorly understood. As more investigations identify proteins involved in cell regulatory pathways in which only a small fraction of that protein pool is modified by nitration to affect cell function, the mechanisms of biological specificity and reversal should come into focus. In this review experimental evidence has been summarized to suggest that tyrosine nitration is a highly selective modification and under certain physiological conditions fulfills the criteria of a physiologically relevant signal. It can be specific, reversible, occurs on a physiological time scale, and, depending on a target, can result in either activation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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31
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Okun Z, Kupershmidt L, Amit T, Mandel S, Bar-Am O, Youdim MBH, Gross Z. Manganese corroles prevent intracellular nitration and subsequent death of insulin-producing cells. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:910-4. [PMID: 19715343 DOI: 10.1021/cb900159n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are heavily involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) because the insulin-producing beta cells are particularly vulnerable to free-radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Catalytic anti-oxidants have been successfully applied for attenuation of DM and its consequences, but most recent research revealed that preventing the nitration of vital proteins/enzymes might be an even more powerful strategy. We now report an unprecedented efficiency of manganese(III) corroles regarding the protection of rat pancreatic beta cells against intracellular nitration by peroxynitrite and subsequent cell death. A comparison between analogous corroles and porphyrin metal complexes reveals significant superiority of the former in all examined aspects. This is particularly true for the positively-charged manganese(III) corrole, which decomposes peroxynitrite fast enough and through a unique catalytic mechanism that is devoid of potentially nitrating reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Okun
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Lana Kupershmidt
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion−Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Tamar Amit
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion−Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Silvia Mandel
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion−Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Orit Bar-Am
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion−Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion−Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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32
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Meares GP, Hughes KJ, Jaimes KF, Salvatori AS, Rhodes CJ, Corbett JA. AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates nitric oxide-induced beta-cell death. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3191-200. [PMID: 19933272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the initial autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes, islets are exposed to a damaging mix of pro-inflammatory molecules that stimulate the production of nitric oxide by beta-cells. Nitric oxide causes extensive but reversible cellular damage. In response to nitric oxide, the cell activates pathways for functional recovery and adaptation as well as pathways that direct beta-cell death. The molecular events that dictate cellular fate following nitric oxide-induced damage are currently unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that AMPK plays a primary role controlling the response of beta-cells to nitric oxide-induced damage. AMPK is transiently activated by nitric oxide in insulinoma cells and rat islets following IL-1 treatment or by the exogenous addition of nitric oxide. Active AMPK promotes the functional recovery of beta-cell oxidative metabolism and abrogates the induction of pathways that mediate cell death such as caspase-3 activation following exposure to nitric oxide. Overall, these data show that nitric oxide activates AMPK and that active AMPK suppresses apoptotic signaling allowing the beta-cell to recover from nitric oxide-mediated cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Meares
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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33
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Radi R. Peroxynitrite and reactive nitrogen species: The contribution of ABB in two decades of research. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 484:111-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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