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Fabri LM, Moraes CM, Calixto-Cunha M, Almeida AC, Faleiros RO, Garçon DP, McNamara JC, Faria SC, Leone FA. (Na +, K +)- ATPase kinetics in Macrobrachium pantanalense: highlighting intra- and interspecific variation within the Macrobrachium amazonicum complex. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 273:110987. [PMID: 38740177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Macrobrachium amazonicum complex is composed of at least the Macrobrachium amazonicum and Macrobrachium pantanalense species, with the latter described from specimens originally identified as part of an endemic M. amazonicum population in the Brazilian Pantanal region. While there may be a reproductive barrier between these two Macrobrachium species, both are phylogenetically close, with small genetic distance. However, there is currently no available biochemical information of Macrobrachium pantanalense (Na+, K+)-ATPase. Here, we report the kinetic characteristics of the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase in two populations of M. pantanalense from Baiazinha Lagoon (Miranda, MS, Brazil) and Araguari River (Uberlândia, MG, Brazil), and compare them with Macrobrachium amazonicum populations from the Paraná-Paraguay River Basin. (Na+, K+)-ATPase activities were 67.9 ± 3.4 and 93.3 ± 4.1 nmol Pi min-1 mg-1 protein for the Baiazinha Lagoon and Araguari River populations, respectively. Two ATP hydrolyzing sites were observed for the Araguari River population while a single ATP site was observed for the Baiazinha Lagoon shrimps. Compared to the Araguari River population, a 3-fold greater apparent affinity for Mg2+ and Na+ was estimated for the Baiazinha Lagoon population, but no difference in K+ affinity and ouabain inhibition was seen. The kinetic differences observed in the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase between the two populations of M. pantanalense, compared with those of various M. amazonicum populations, highlight interspecific divergence within the Macrobrachium genus, now examined from a biochemical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Fabri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto/Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintya M Moraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto/Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Calixto-Cunha
- Instituto de Biologia/Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ariadine C Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia/Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rogério O Faleiros
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Garçon
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Universitário de Iturama, Iturama, MG, Brazil
| | - John C McNamara
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha/Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Faria
- Centro de Biologia Marinha/Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Leone
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Brahma R, Raghuraman H. Characterization of a novel MgtE homolog and its structural dynamics in membrane mimetics. Biophys J 2024; 123:1968-1983. [PMID: 38042987 PMCID: PMC11309985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent cation in the cell and is critical for numerous cellular processes. Despite its importance, the mechanisms of intracellular Mg2+ transport and its regulation are poorly understood. MgtE is the main Mg2+ transport system in almost half of bacterial species and is an ortholog of mammalian SLC41A1 transporters, which are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. To date, only MgtE from Thermus thermophilus (MgtETT) has been extensively characterized, mostly in detergent micelles, and gating-related structural dynamics in biologically relevant membranes are scarce. The MgtE homolog from Bacillus firmus (MgtEBF) is unique since it lacks the entire Mg2+-sensing N-domain but has conserved structural motifs in the TM-domain for Mg2+ transport. In this work, we have successfully purified this novel homolog in a stable and functional form, and ColabFold structure prediction analysis suggests a homodimer. Further, microscale thermophoresis experiments show that MgtEBF binds Mg2+ and ATP, similar to MgtETT. Importantly, we show that, despite lacking the N-domain, MgtEBF mediates Mg2+ transport function in the presence of an inwardly directed Mg2+ gradient in reconstituted proteoliposomes. Furthermore, comparison of the organization and dynamics of Trp residues in the TM-domain of MgtEBF in membrane mimetics, in apo- and Mg2+-bound forms, suggests that the cytoplasmic binding of Mg2+ might involve modest gating-related conformational changes at the TM-domain. Overall, our results show that the gating-related structural dynamics (hydration dynamics, conformational heterogeneity) of the full-length MgtEBF is significantly changed in functionally pertinent membrane environment, emphasizing the importance of lipid-protein interactions in MgtE gating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupasree Brahma
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - H Raghuraman
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India.
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3
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Gheorghe AM, Ciobica ML, Nistor C, Gurzun MM, Sandulescu BA, Stanciu M, Popa FL, Carsote M. Inquiry of the Metabolic Traits in Relationship with Daily Magnesium Intake: Focus on Type 2 Diabetic Population. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1319-1347. [PMID: 39051301 PMCID: PMC11270223 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), an essential nutrient with a wide area of physiological roles, stands as a cofactor in over 600 enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, DNA repair, neuromuscular functions, neuronal transmission, cardiac rhythm regulation, and the modulation of metabolic pathways, as well as acting as a natural blocker for the calcium channels. Our objective was to highlight the most recent clinical data with respect to daily Mg intake (DMI) and metabolic traits, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a PubMed-based review of the English-language medical papers across different key terms of search; the time frame was from January 2019 until April 2024. We included (clinically relevant) original studies and excluded cases reports, series, reviews, editorials, opinion, experimental studies, and non-human data as well as studies that did not specifically assessed DMI and only provided assays of serum Mg, studies on patients diagnosed with type 1 or secondary DM. A total of 30 studies were included and we organized the key findings into several sections as follows. Studies investigating DMI in relationship with the adherence to local recommendations in diabetic subjects (n = 2, one transversal and another retrospective cohort; N = 2823) found that most of them had lower DMI. Deficient DMI was correlated with the risk of developing/having DM across five studies (n = 5, one prospective and four of cross-sectional design; N = 47,166). An inverse correlation between DMI and DM prevalence was identified, but these data are presented amid a rather heterogeneous spectrum. Four novel studies (N = 7279) analysed the relationship between DMI and DM control according to various methods (HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glycaemia, and insulin); the association may be linear in diabetic subjects only at certain levels of DMI; additionally, the multifactorial influence on HBA1c should take into consideration this dietary determinant, as well, but there are no homogenous results. Three studies concerning DMI and diabetic complications (one cross-sectional, one prospective, and another case-control study) in terms of retinopathy (n = 1, N = 3794) and nephropathy (n = 2, N = 4805) suggested a lower DMI was associated with a higher risk of such complications. Additionally, two other studies (one prospective and one retrospective cohort) focused on mortality (N = 6744), which, taking only certain mortality indicators into consideration, might be decreased in the subgroups with a higher DMI. Seven studies (N = 30,610) analysed the perspective of DMI in the general population with the endpoint of different features amid glucose profile, particularly, insulin resistance. Concerning HOMA-IR, there were three confirmatory studies and one non-confirmatory, while fasting plasma glucose was highlighted as inversely correlated with a DMI (n = 1). The highest level of evidence regarding Mg supplementation effects on glucose metabolism stands on seven randomised controlled trials (N = 350). However, the sample size was reduced (from 14 to 86 individuals per study, either diabetic or pre-diabetic) and outcomes were rather discordant. These clinical aspects are essential from a multidisciplinary perspective and further trials are mandatory to address the current areas of discordant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Gheorghe
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (B.-A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai-Lucian Ciobica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery Department, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Gurzun
- Cardiology Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Exploration, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca-Andreea Sandulescu
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (B.-A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Stanciu
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Florina Ligia Popa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Dhillon VS, Deo P, Fenech M. Low magnesium in conjunction with high homocysteine increases DNA damage in healthy middle aged Australians. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0. [PMID: 38864865 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnesium is one of the most common elements in the human body and plays an important role as a cofactor of enzymes required for DNA replication and repair and many other biochemical mechanisms including sensing and regulating one-carbon metabolism deficiencies. Low intake of magnesium can increase the risk of many diseases, in particular, chronic degenerative disorders. However, its role in prevention of DNA damage has not been studied fully in humans so far. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency either on its own or in conjunction with high homocysteine (Hcy) induces DNA damage in vivo in humans. METHODS The present study was carried out in 172 healthy middle aged subjects from South Australia. Blood levels of magnesium, Hcy, folate and vitamin B12 were measured. Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus cytome assay was performed to measure three DNA damage biomarkers: micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBuds) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS Data showed that magnesium and Hcy are significantly inversely correlated with each other (r = - 0.299, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, magnesium is positively correlated both with folate (p = 0.002) and vitamin B12 (p = 0.007). Magnesium is also significantly inversely correlated with MN (p < 0.0001) and NPB (p < 0.0001). Individuals with low magnesium and high Hcy exhibited significantly higher frequency of MN and NPBs compared to those with high magnesium and low Hcy (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was an interactive effect between these two factors as well in inducing MN (p = 0.01) and NPB (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study indicate for the first time that low in vivo levels of magnesium either on its own or in the presence of high Hcy increases DNA damage as evident by higher frequencies of MN and NPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, 5048, Australia
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5
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Gao Y, Liu S, Huang Y, Li F, Zhang Y. Regulation of anti-tumor immunity by metal ion in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379365. [PMID: 38915413 PMCID: PMC11194341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions play an essential role in regulating the functions of immune cells by transmitting intracellular and extracellular signals in tumor microenvironment (TME). Among these immune cells, we focused on the impact of metal ions on T cells because they can recognize and kill cancer cells and play an important role in immune-based cancer treatment. Metal ions are often used in nanomedicines for tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss seven metal ions related to anti-tumor immunity, elucidate their roles in immunotherapy, and provide novel insights into tumor immunotherapy and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxin Gao
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center & Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Ponnusamy T, Velusamy P, Shanmughapriya S. Mrs2-mediated mitochondrial magnesium uptake is essential for the regulation of MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake and viability. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101877. [PMID: 38599304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is essential in regulating bioenergetics, cell death, and cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) mediates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Though MCU regulation by MICUs is unequivocally established, there needs to be more knowledge of whether divalent cations regulate MCU. Here, we set out to understand the mitochondrial matrix Mg2+-dependent regulation of MCU activity. We showed that decreased matrix [Mg2+] is associated with increased MCU activity and significantly prompted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Our findings support the critical role of mMg2+ in regulating MCU activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvelselvan Ponnusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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7
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Piantanida L, Liddle JA, Hughes WL, Majikes JM. DNA nanostructure decoration: a how-to tutorial. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:273001. [PMID: 38373400 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2ac5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
DNA Nanotechnology is being applied to multiple research fields. The functionality of DNA nanostructures is significantly enhanced by decorating them with nanoscale moieties including: proteins, metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and chromophores. Decoration is a complex process and developing protocols for reliable attachment routinely requires extensive trial and error. Additionally, the granular nature of scientific communication makes it difficult to discern general principles in DNA nanostructure decoration. This tutorial is a guidebook designed to minimize experimental bottlenecks and avoid dead-ends for those wishing to decorate DNA nanostructures. We supplement the reference material on available technical tools and procedures with a conceptual framework required to make efficient and effective decisions in the lab. Together these resources should aid both the novice and the expert to develop and execute a rapid, reliable decoration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piantanida
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, B.C., V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J Alexander Liddle
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, United States of America
| | - William L Hughes
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, B.C., V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jacob M Majikes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, United States of America
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8
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Vishnu N, Venkatesan M, Madaris TR, Venkateswaran MK, Stanley K, Ramachandran K, Chidambaram A, Madesh AK, Yang W, Nair J, Narkunan M, Muthukumar T, Karanam V, Joseph LC, Le A, Osidele A, Aslam MI, Morrow JP, Malicdan MC, Stathopulos PB, Madesh M. ERMA (TMEM94) is a P-type ATPase transporter for Mg 2+ uptake in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1321-1337.e11. [PMID: 38513662 PMCID: PMC10997467 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular Mg2+ (iMg2+) is bound with phosphometabolites, nucleic acids, and proteins in eukaryotes. Little is known about the intracellular compartmentalization and molecular details of Mg2+ transport into/from cellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that the ER is a major iMg2+ compartment refilled by a largely uncharacterized ER-localized protein, TMEM94. Conventional and AlphaFold2 predictions suggest that ERMA (TMEM94) is a multi-pass transmembrane protein with large cytosolic headpiece actuator, nucleotide, and phosphorylation domains, analogous to P-type ATPases. However, ERMA uniquely combines a P-type ATPase domain and a GMN motif for ERMg2+ uptake. Experiments reveal that a tyrosine residue is crucial for Mg2+ binding and activity in a mechanism conserved in both prokaryotic (mgtB and mgtA) and eukaryotic Mg2+ ATPases. Cardiac dysfunction by haploinsufficiency, abnormal Ca2+ cycling in mouse Erma+/- cardiomyocytes, and ERMA mRNA silencing in human iPSC-cardiomyocytes collectively define ERMA as an essential component of ERMg2+ uptake in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Travis R Madaris
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mridula K Venkateswaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Karthik Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Adhishree Chidambaram
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abitha K Madesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jyotsna Nair
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Melanie Narkunan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tharani Muthukumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Varsha Karanam
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Leroy C Joseph
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ayodeji Osidele
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - M Imran Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - May C Malicdan
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, and the Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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9
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Pethő ÁG, Fülöp T, Orosz P, Tapolyai M. Magnesium Is a Vital Ion in the Body-It Is Time to Consider Its Supplementation on a Routine Basis. Clin Pract 2024; 14:521-535. [PMID: 38525719 PMCID: PMC10961779 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of maintaining proper magnesium intake and total body magnesium content in preserving human health remains underappreciated among medical professionals and laymen. This review aimed to show the importance of hypomagnesemia as a modifiable risk factor for developing disease processes. We searched the PubMed database and Google Scholar using the keywords 'magnesium', 'diabetes', 'cardiovascular disease', 'respiratory disease', 'immune system', 'inflammation', 'autoimmune disease', 'neurology', 'psychiatry', 'cognitive function', 'cancer', and 'vascular calcification'. In multiple contexts of the search terms, all reviews, animal experiments, and human observational data indicated that magnesium deficiency can lead to or contribute to developing many disease states. The conclusions of several in-depth reviews support our working hypothesis that magnesium and its supplementation are often undervalued and underutilized. Although much research has confirmed the importance of proper magnesium supply and tissue levels, simple and inexpensive magnesium supplementation has not yet been sufficiently recognized or promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Géza Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Fülöp
- Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; (T.F.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Petronella Orosz
- Bethesda Children’s Hospital, 1146 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Tapolyai
- Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; (T.F.); (M.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Szent Margit Kórhaz, 1032 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface separating the central nervous system from the peripheral circulation, ensuring brain homeostasis and function. Recent research has unveiled a profound connection between the BBB and circadian rhythms, the endogenous oscillations synchronizing biological processes with the 24-hour light-dark cycle. This review explores the significance of circadian rhythms in the context of BBB functions, with an emphasis on substrate passage through the BBB. Our discussion includes efflux transporters and the molecular timing mechanisms that regulate their activities. A significant focus of this review is the potential implications of chronotherapy, leveraging our knowledge of circadian rhythms for improving drug delivery to the brain. Understanding the temporal changes in BBB can lead to optimized timing of drug administration, to enhance therapeutic efficacy for neurological disorders while reducing side effects. By elucidating the interplay between circadian rhythms and drug transport across the BBB, this review offers insights into innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kim
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (M.K., S.L.Z.)
| | - Richard F Keep
- Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (R.F.K.)
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA (M.K., S.L.Z.)
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11
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Wang LL, Wu CQ, Zhang QL, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang WJ, Ye SL, Tian Y, Xu L. Chemically Cross-Linked Hammerhead Ribozyme as an Efficient RNA Interference Tool. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6665-6674. [PMID: 38412223 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
RNA-cleaving ribozymes are promising candidates as general tools of RNA interference (RNAi) in gene manipulation. However, compared with other RNA systems, such as siRNA and CRISPR technologies, the ribozyme tools are still far from broad applications on RNAi due to their poor performance in the cellular context. In this work, we report an efficient RNAi tool based on chemically modified hammerhead ribozyme (HHR). By the introduction of an intramolecular linkage into the minimal HHR to reconstruct the distal interaction within the tertiary ribozyme structure, this cross-linked HHR exhibits efficient RNA substrate cleavage activities with almost no sequence constraint. Cellular experiments suggest that both exogenous and endogenous RNA expression can be dramatically knocked down by this HHR tool with levels comparable to those of siRNA. Unlike the widely applied protein-recruiting RNA systems (siRNA and CRISPR), this ribozyme tool functions solely on RNA itself with great simplicity, which may provide a new approach for gene manipulation in both fundamental and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qiu-Long Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine of Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wen-Jian Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Sen-Lin Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Liang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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12
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Park J, Evangelopoulos M, Vasher MK, Kudruk S, Ramani N, Mayer V, Solivan AC, Lee A, Mirkin CA. Enhancing Endosomal Escape and Gene Regulation Activity for Spherical Nucleic Acids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306902. [PMID: 37932003 PMCID: PMC10947971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is limited by their poor stability and low cellular uptake. When formulated as spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), siRNAs are resistant to nuclease degradation and enter cells without transfection agents with enhanced activity compared to their linear counterparts; however, the gene silencing activity of SNAs is limited by endosomal entrapment, a problem that impacts many siRNA-based nanoparticle constructs. To increase cytosolic delivery, SNAs are formulated using calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) instead of the conventionally used sodium chloride (NaCl). The divalent calcium (Ca2+ ) ions remain associated with the multivalent SNA and have a higher affinity for SNAs compared to their linear counterparts. Importantly, confocal microscopy studies show a 22% decrease in the accumulation of CaCl2 -salted SNAs within the late endosomes compared to NaCl-salted SNAs, indicating increased cytosolic delivery. Consistent with this finding, CaCl2 -salted SNAs comprised of siRNA and antisense DNA all exhibit enhanced gene silencing activity (up to 20-fold), compared to NaCl-salted SNAs regardless of sequence or cell line (U87-MG and SK-OV-3) studied. Moreover, CaCl2 -salted SNA-based forced intercalation probes show improved cytosolic mRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Park
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Matthew K. Vasher
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Namrata Ramani
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Vinzenz Mayer
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Alexander C. Solivan
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
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13
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Gonzalez L, Chau-Duy Tam Vo S, Faivre B, Pierrel F, Fontecave M, Hamdane D, Lombard M. Activation of Coq6p, a FAD Monooxygenase Involved in Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis, by Adrenodoxin Reductase/Ferredoxin. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300738. [PMID: 38141230 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Adrenodoxin reductase (AdxR) plays a pivotal role in electron transfer, shuttling electrons between NADPH and iron/sulfur adrenodoxin proteins in mitochondria. This electron transport system is essential for P450 enzymes involved in various endogenous biomolecules biosynthesis. Here, we present an in-depth examination of the kinetics governing the reduction of human AdxR by NADH or NADPH. Our results highlight the efficiency of human AdxR when utilizing NADPH as a flavin reducing agent. Nevertheless, akin to related flavoenzymes such as cytochrome P450 reductase, we observe that low NADPH concentrations hinder flavin reduction due to intricate equilibrium reactions between the enzyme and its substrate/product. Remarkably, the presence of MgCl2 suppresses this complex kinetic behavior by decreasing NADPH binding to oxidized AdxR, effectively transforming AdxR into a classical Michaelis-Menten enzyme. We propose that the addition of MgCl2 may be adapted for studying the reductive half-reactions of other flavoenzymes with NADPH. Furthermore, in vitro experiments provide evidence that the reduction of the yeast flavin monooxygenase Coq6p relies on an electron transfer chain comprising NADPH-AdxR-Yah1p-Coq6p, where Yah1p shuttles electrons between AdxR and Coq6p. This discovery explains the previous in vivo observation that Yah1p and the AdxR homolog, Arh1p, are required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75 005, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Chau-Duy Tam Vo
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75 005, Paris, France
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75 005, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75 005, Paris, France
| | - Djemel Hamdane
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75 005, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biology of Aging and Adaptation, UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, 75 252, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Lombard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75 005, Paris, France
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14
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Li C, Liu X, Li Y, Jiang Y, Guo X, Hutchins DA, Ma J, Lin X, Dai M. The interactions between olivine dissolution and phytoplankton in seawater: Potential implications for ocean alkalinization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168571. [PMID: 37979858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ocean alkalinity enhancement, one of the ocean-based CO2 removal techniques, has the potential to assist us in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. Olivine is considered the most promising mineral for ocean alkalinization enhancement due to its theoretically high CO2 sequestration efficiency. Olivine dissolution has been predicted to alter marine phytoplankton communities, however, there is still a lack of experimental evidence. The olivine dissolution process in seawater can be influenced by a range of factors, including biotic factors, which have yet to be explored. In this study, we cultivated two diatoms and one coccolithophore with and without olivine particles to investigate their interactions with olivine dissolution. Our findings demonstrate that olivine dissolution promoted the growth of all phytoplankton species, with the highly silicified diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana benefiting the most. This was probably due to the highly silicified diatom having a higher silicate requirement and, therefore, growing more quickly when silicate was released during olivine dissolution. Based on the structural characteristics and chemical compositions on the exterior surface of olivine particles, T. pseudonana was found to promote olivine dissolution by inhibiting the formation of the amorphous SiO2 layer on the surface of olivine and therefore enhancing the stoichiometric dissolution of olivine. However, the positive effects of T. pseudonana on olivine dissolution were not observed in the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica or the non-silicate obligate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This study provides the first experimental evidence of the interaction between phytoplankton and olivine dissolution, which has important implications for ocean alkalinization research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- College of Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xianghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | | | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Minhan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
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15
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Sneyers F, Speelman-Rooms F, Verhelst SHL, Bootman MD, Bultynck G. Cellular effects of BAPTA: Are they only about Ca 2+ chelation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119589. [PMID: 37739271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals play a vital role in a broad range of cell biological and physiological processes in all eukaryotic cell types. Dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling has been implicated in numerous human diseases. Over the past four decades, the understanding of how cells use Ca2+ as a messenger has flourished, largely because of the development of reporters that enable visualization of Ca2+ signals in different cellular compartments, and tools that can modulate cellular Ca2+ signaling. One such tool that is frequently used is BAPTA; a fast, high-affinity Ca2+-chelating molecule. By making use of a cell-permeable acetoxymethyl ester (AM) variant, BAPTA can be readily loaded into the cytosol of cells (referred to as BAPTAi), where it is trapped and able to buffer changes in cytosolic Ca2+. Due to the ease of loading of the AM version of BAPTA, this reagent has been used in hundreds of studies to probe the role of Ca2+ signaling in specific processes. As such, for decades, researchers have almost universally attributed changes in biological processes caused by BAPTAi to the involvement of Ca2+ signaling. However, BAPTAi has often been used without any form of control, and in many cases has neither been shown to be retained in cells for the duration of experiments nor to buffer any Ca2+ signals. Moreover, increasing evidence points to off-target cellular effects of BAPTA that are clearly not related to Ca2+ chelation. Here, we briefly introduce Ca2+ signaling and the history of Ca2+ chelators and fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. We highlight Ca2+-independent effects of BAPTAi on a broad range of molecular targets and describe some of BAPTAi's impacts on cell functions that occur independently of its Ca2+-chelating properties. Finally, we propose strategies for determining whether Ca2+ chelation, the binding of other metal ions, or off-target interactions with cell components are responsible for BAPTAi's effect on a particular process and suggest some future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sneyers
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Herestraat 49 box 901b, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Herestraat 49 box 901b, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin D Bootman
- The Open University, Cancer Research Group, School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Layton AT. A comparative modeling study of the mitochondrial function of the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb cells in the rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F189-F201. [PMID: 37994410 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00290.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To reabsorb >99% of the glomerular filtrate, the metabolic demand of the kidney is high. Interestingly, renal blood flow distribution exhibits marked inhomogeneity, with typical tissue oxygen tension (Po2) of 50-60 mmHg in the well-perfused cortex and 10-20 mmHg in the inner medulla. Cellular fluid composition and acidity also varies substantially. To understand how different renal epithelial cells adapt to their local environment, we have developed and applied computational models of mitochondrial function of proximal convoluted tubule cell (baseline Po2 = 50 mmHg, cytoplasmic pH = 7.20) and medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) cell (baseline Po2 = 10 mmHg, cytoplasmic pH = 6.85). The models predict key cellular quantities, including ATP generation, P/O (phosphate/oxygen) ratio, proton motive force, electrical potential gradient, oxygen consumption, the redox state of key electron carriers, and ATP consumption. Model simulations predict that close to their respective baseline conditions, the proximal tubule and mTAL mitochondria exhibit qualitatively similar behaviors. Nonetheless, because the mTAL mitochondrion has adapted to a much lower Po2, it can sustain a sufficiently high ATP production at Po2 as low as 4-5 mmHg, whereas the proximal tubule mitochondria would not. Also, because the mTAL cytosol is already acidic under baseline conditions, the proton motive force (pmf) exhibits higher sensitivity to further acidification. Among the different pathways that lead to oxidative phosphorylation impairment, the models predict that both the proximal tubule and mTAL mitochondria are most sensitive to reductions in Complex III activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue fluid composition varies substantially within the mammalian kidney. The renal cortex is well perfused and pH neutral, whereas some medullary regions are hypoxic and acidic. How do these environments affect the mitochondrial function of proximal convoluted tubule and medullary thick ascending limb cells, which reside in the cortex and medulla, respectively? This computational modeling study demonstrates that these mitochondria can adapt to their contrasting environments and exhibit different sensitivities to perturbations to local environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Cheriton School of Computer Science, and School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Cheriton School of Computer Science, and School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Chen S, Jin Y, Yang N, Wei L, Xu D, Xu X. Improving microbial production of value-added products through the intervention of magnetic fields. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130087. [PMID: 38042431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic field application is emerging as an auxiliary physical strategy to facilitate rapid biomass accumulation and intracellular production of compounds. However, the underlying mechanisms and principles governing the application of magnetic fields for microbial growth and biotransformation are not yet fully understood. Therefore, a better understanding of interdisciplinary technologies integration, expanded magnetic field application, and scaled-up industrial implementation is crucial. In this review, the magnetic field characteristics, magnetic field-assisted fermentation devices, and the working mechanism of magnetic field have been reviewed comprehensively from both physical and microbiological perspectives. The review suggests that magnetic fields affect the biochemical processes in microorganisms by mediating nutrient transport across membranes, electron transfer during photosynthesis and respiration, enzyme activity and gene expression. Moreover, the recent advances in magnetic field application for microbial fermentation and conversion in biochemical, food and agricultural fields have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yamei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Liwen Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xueming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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18
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Delgado JM, Nagy PR, Varma S. Polarizable AMOEBA Model for Simulating Mg 2+·Protein·Nucleotide Complexes. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:378-392. [PMID: 38051630 PMCID: PMC11345861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics (MM) simulations have the potential to provide detailed insights into the mechanisms of enzymes that utilize nucleotides as cofactors. In most cases, the activities of these enzymes also require the binding of divalent cations to catalytic sites. However, modeling divalent cations in MM simulations has been challenging. The inclusion of explicit polarization was considered promising, but despite improvements over nonpolarizable force fields and despite the inclusion of "Nonbonded-fix (NB-fix)" corrections, errors in interaction energies of divalent cations with proteins remain large. Importantly, the application of these models fails to reproduce the experimental structural data on Mg2+·Protein·ATP complexes. Focusing on these complexes, here we provide a systematic assessment of the polarizable AMOEBA model and recommend critical changes that substantially improve its predictive performance. Our key results are as follows. We first show that our recent revision of the AMOEBA protein model (AMOEBABIO18-HFC), which contains high field corrections (HFCs) to induced dipoles, dramatically improves Mg2+-protein interaction energies, reducing the mean absolute error (MAE) from 17 to 10 kcal/mol. This further supports the general applicability of AMOEBABIO18-HFC. The inclusion of many-body NB-fix corrections further reduces MAE to 6 kcal/mol, which amounts to less than 2% error. The errors are estimated with respect to vdW-inclusive density functional theory that we benchmark against CCSD(T) calculations and experiments. We also present a new model of ATP with revised polarization parameters to better capture its high field response, as well as new vdW and dihedral parameters. The ATP model accurately predicts experimental Mg2+-ATP binding free energy in the aqueous phase and provides new insights into how Mg2+ associates with ATP. Finally, we show that molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Mg2+·Kinase·ATP complexes carried out with these improvements lead to a better agreement in global and local catalytic site structures between MD and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Delgado
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Péter R Nagy
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Sameer Varma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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19
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Zaslow SJ, Oliveira-Paula GH, Chen W. Magnesium and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1155. [PMID: 38256228 PMCID: PMC10816532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays crucial roles in multiple essential biological processes. As the kidneys are the primary organ responsible for maintaining the blood concentration of Mg, people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may develop disturbances in Mg. While both hyper- and hypomagnesemia may lead to adverse effects, the consequences associated with hypomagnesemia are often more severe and lasting. Importantly, observational studies have shown that CKD patients with hypomagnesemia have greater vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is accelerated and contributes to a high mortality rate in the CKD population. Both in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that Mg protects against vascular calcification via several potential mechanisms, such as inhibiting the formation of both hydroxyapatite and pathogenic calciprotein particles as well as limiting osteogenic differentiation, a process in which vascular smooth muscle cells in the media layer of the arteries transform into bone-like cells. These preclinical findings have led to several important clinical trials that have investigated the effects of Mg supplementation on vascular calcification in people with CKD. Interestingly, two major clinical studies produced contradictory findings, resulting in a state of equipoise. This narrative review provides an overview of our current knowledge in the renal handling of Mg in health and CKD and the underlying mechanisms by which Mg may protect against vascular calcification. Lastly, we evaluate the strength of evidence from clinical studies on the efficacy of Mg supplementation and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari J. Zaslow
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Dias DD, Komoni G, Name JJ. The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5127. [PMID: 38140385 PMCID: PMC10745813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the course of an individual's lifespan is fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails the capacity for independent movement, is intricately connected with various dimensions of human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest as compromised physical performance and an elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a central role in approximately 800 biochemical reactions within the human body. Its distinctive physical and chemical attributes render it an indispensable stabilizing factor in the orchestration of diverse cellular reactions and organelle functions, thereby rendering it irreplaceable in processes directly impacting muscle health. This narrative review offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by magnesium in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity, emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining optimal magnesium levels for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo 01311-100, Brazil; (A.C.R.S.); (A.R.V.); (D.D.D.); (G.K.)
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21
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Nietmann P, Kaub K, Suchenko A, Stenz S, Warnecke C, Balasubramanian MK, Janshoff A. Cytosolic actin isoforms form networks with different rheological properties that indicate specific biological function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7989. [PMID: 38042893 PMCID: PMC10693642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The implications of the existence of different actins expressed in epithelial cells for network mechanics and dynamics is investigated by microrheology and confocal imaging. γ-actin predominately found in the apical cortex forms stiffer networks compared to β-actin, which is preferentially organized in stress fibers. We attribute this to selective interactions with Mg2+-ions interconnecting the filaments' N-termini. Bundling propensity of the isoforms is different in the presence of Mg2+-ions, while crosslinkers such as α-actinin, fascin, and heavy meromyosin alter the mechanical response independent of the isoform. In the presence of myosin, β-actin networks show a large number of small contraction foci, while γ-actin displays larger but fewer foci indicative of a stronger interaction with myosin motors. We infer that subtle changes in the amino acid sequence of actin isoforms lead to alterations of the mechanical properties on the network level with potential implications for specific biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nietmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kevin Kaub
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Andrejus Suchenko
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Susanne Stenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Claas Warnecke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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22
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Maex R. Energy optimisation predicts the capacity of ion buffering in the brain. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2023; 117:467-484. [PMID: 38103053 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-023-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurons store energy in the ionic concentration gradients they build across their cell membrane. The amount of energy stored, and hence the work the ions can do by mixing, can be enhanced by the presence of ion buffers in extra- and intracellular space. Buffers act as sources and sinks of ions, however, and unless the buffering capacities for different ion species obey certain relationships, a complete mixing of the ions may be impeded by the physical conditions of charge neutrality and isotonicity. From these conditions, buffering capacities were calculated that enabled each ion species to mix completely. In all valid buffer distributions, the [Formula: see text] ions were buffered most, with a capacity exceeding that of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] buffering by at least an order of magnitude. The similar magnitude of the (oppositely directed) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gradients made extracellular space behave as a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] exchanger. Anions such as [Formula: see text] were buffered least. The great capacity of the extra- and intracellular [Formula: see text] buffers caused a large influx of [Formula: see text] ions as is typically observed during energy deprivation. These results explain many characteristics of the physiological buffer distributions but raise the question how the brain controls the capacity of its ion buffers. It is suggested that neurons and glial cells, by their great sensitivity to gradients of charge and osmolarity, respectively, sense deviations from electro-neutral and isotonic mixing, and use these signals to tune the chemical composition, and buffering capacity, of the extra- and intracellular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinoud Maex
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
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23
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Kumada R, Sakama A, Shindo Y, Kuronuma Y, Iwasawa N, Citterio D, Oka K, Hiruta Y. Development of Phosphinate Ligand-Based Low-Affinity Ca 2+ Fluorescent Probes and Application to Intracellular Ca 2+ Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16683-16691. [PMID: 37922450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Divalent metal cations such as calcium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) are indispensable to the regulation of various cellular activities. In this research, we developed the KLCA series utilizing o-aminophenol-N,N-diacetate-O-methylene-methylphosphinate (APDAP) as a target binding site, which was reported recently as a highly free Mg2+-selective ligand. KLCA-301 with orange fluorescence based on a rhodamine fluorophore and KLCA-501 with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence based on a Si-rhodamine fluorophore were synthesized, intended for application to multicolor imaging. The evaluation of the fluorescence response to Ca2+ and Mg2+ of the KLCA series indicated the applicability as low-affinity Ca2+ probes. While KLCA-301 mainly localized in the cytosol in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, KLCA-501 localized to the cytosol and granular organelles in neurons. Comparison of the fluorescence response of KLCA-301 and the high-affinity Ca2+ probe Fluo-4 upon stimulation by glutamate in stained neurons revealed that KLCA-301 could reflect the secondary large rise of intracellular Ca2+, which Fluo-4 could not detect. In addition, KLCA-501 showed a fluorescence response similar to the low-affinity Ca2+ probe Fluo-5N upon stimulation by glutamate in stained neurons, concluding that KLCA-301 and KLCA-501 could be used as low-affinity Ca2+ probes. The KLCA series offers new options for low-affinity Ca2+ probes. Moreover, KLCA-501 achieved simultaneous visualization of the change in Ca2+ and ATP concentrations and also in mitochondrial inner membrane potential in neurons. KLCA-501 is expected to be a strong tool that enables simultaneous multicolor imaging of multiple targets and elucidation of their relationship in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kumada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuzuka Kuronuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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24
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He W, San Emeterio J, Woodside MT, Kirmizialtin S, Pollack L. Atomistic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudoknot in solution from SAXS-driven molecular dynamics. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11332-11344. [PMID: 37819014 PMCID: PMC10639041 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 depends on -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) to express proteins essential for its replication. The RNA pseudoknot stimulating -1 PRF is thus an attractive drug target. However, the structural models of this pseudoknot obtained from cryo-EM and crystallography differ in some important features, leaving the pseudoknot structure unclear. We measured the solution structure of the pseudoknot using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The measured profile did not agree with profiles computed from the previously solved structures. Beginning with each of these solved structures, we used the SAXS data to direct all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to improve the agreement in profiles. In all cases, this refinement resulted in a bent conformation that more closely resembled the cryo-EM structures than the crystal structure. Applying the same approach to a point mutant abolishing -1 PRF revealed a notably more bent structure with reoriented helices. This work clarifies the dynamic structures of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudoknot in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Chemistry Program, Science Division, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, USA
| | | | - Michael T Woodside
- Department of Physics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, and Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Serdal Kirmizialtin
- Chemistry Program, Science Division, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, USA
| | - Lois Pollack
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, USA
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25
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Lai LTF, Balaraman J, Zhou F, Matthies D. Cryo-EM structures of human magnesium channel MRS2 reveal gating and regulatory mechanisms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7207. [PMID: 37938562 PMCID: PMC10632456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an essential role in cellular physiology. In mitochondria, protein and ATP synthesis and various metabolic pathways are directly regulated by Mg2+. MRS2, a magnesium channel located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, mediates the influx of Mg2+ into the mitochondrial matrix and regulates Mg2+ homeostasis. Knockdown of MRS2 in human cells leads to reduced uptake of Mg2+ into mitochondria and disruption of the mitochondrial metabolism. Despite the importance of MRS2, the Mg2+ translocation and regulation mechanisms of MRS2 are still unclear. Here, using cryo-EM we report the structures of human MRS2 in the presence and absence of Mg2+ at 2.8 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively. From the homo-pentameric structures, we identify R332 and M336 as major gating residues, which are then tested using mutagenesis and two cellular divalent ion uptake assays. A network of hydrogen bonds is found connecting the gating residue R332 to the soluble domain, potentially regulating the gate. Two Mg2+-binding sites are identified in the MRS2 soluble domain, distinct from the two sites previously reported in CorA, a homolog of MRS2 in prokaryotes. Altogether, this study provides the molecular basis for understanding the Mg2+ translocation and regulatory mechanisms of MRS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Tung Faat Lai
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jayashree Balaraman
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fei Zhou
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Huang J, He J, Wang J, Li Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Kang Y, Xue P. Calcium carbonate-actuated ion homeostasis perturbator for oxidative damage-augmented Ca 2+/Mg 2+ interference therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122340. [PMID: 37774552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis distortion through exogenous overload or underload of intracellular ion species has become an arresting therapeutic approach against malignant tumor. Nevertheless, treatment outcomes of such ion interference are always compromised by the intrinsic ion homeostasis maintenance systems in cancer cells. Herein, an ion homeostasis perturbator (CTC) is facilely designed by co-encapsulation of carvacrol (CAR) and meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) into pH-sensitive nano-CaCO3, aiming to disrupt the self-defense mechanism during the process of ion imbalance. Upon the endocytosis of CTC into tumor cells, lysosomal acidity can render the decomposition of CaCO3, resulting in the instant Ca2+ overload and CO2 generation in cytoplasm. Simultaneously, CaCO3 disintegration triggers the release of CAR and TCPP, which are devoted to TRPM7 inhibition and sonosensitization, respectively. The malfunction of TRPM7 can impede the influx of Mg2+ and allow unrestricted influx of Ca2+ based on the antagonism relationship between Mg2+ and Ca2+, leading to an aggravated Ca2+/Mg2+ dyshomeostasis through ion channel deactivation. In another aspect, US-triggered cavitation can be significantly enhanced by the presence of inert CO2 microbubbles, further amplifying the generation of reactive oxygen species. Such oxidative damage-augmented Ca2+/Mg2+ interference therapy effectively impairs the mitochondrial function of tumor, which may provide useful insights in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie He
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yongcan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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27
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Brown K, Chew PY, Ingersoll S, Espinosa JR, Aguirre A, Espinoza A, Wen J, Astatike K, Kutateladze TG, Collepardo-Guevara R, Ren X. Principles of assembly and regulation of condensates of Polycomb repressive complex 1 through phase separation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113136. [PMID: 37756159 PMCID: PMC10862386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) undergoes phase separation to form Polycomb condensates that are multi-component hubs for silencing Polycomb target genes. In this study, we demonstrate that formation and regulation of PRC1 condensates are consistent with the scaffold-client model, where the Chromobox 2 (CBX2) protein behaves as the scaffold while the other PRC1 proteins are clients. Such clients induce a re-entrant phase transition of CBX2 condensates. The composition of the multi-component PRC1 condensates (1) determines the dynamic properties of the scaffold protein; (2) selectively promotes the formation of CBX4-PRC1 condensates while dissolving condensates of CBX6-, CBX7-, and CBX8-PRC1; and (3) controls the enrichment of CBX4-, CBX7-, and CBX8-PRC1 in CBX2-PRC1 condensates and the exclusion of CBX6-PRC1 from CBX2-PRC1 condensates. Our findings uncover how multi-component PRC1 condensates are assembled via an intricate scaffold-client mechanism whereby the properties of the PRC1 condensates are sensitively regulated by its composition and stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Pin Yu Chew
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Steven Ingersoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Jorge R Espinosa
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Anne Aguirre
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Axel Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Joey Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Kalkidan Astatike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rosana Collepardo-Guevara
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA.
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28
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Gupta N, Soriano-Úbeda C, Stein P, Savy V, Papas BN, Ardestani G, Carvacho I, Alfandari D, Williams CJ, Fissore RA. Essential role of Mg 2+ in mouse preimplantation embryo development revealed by TRPM7 chanzyme-deficient gametes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113232. [PMID: 37824328 PMCID: PMC10842026 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM7 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7) is a chanzyme with channel and kinase domains essential for embryo development. Using gamete-specific Trpm7-null lines, we report that TRPM7-mediated Mg2+ influx is indispensable for reaching the blastocyst stage. TRPM7 is expressed dynamically from gametes to blastocysts; displays stage-specific localization on the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus; and undergoes cleavage that produces C-terminal kinase fragments. TRPM7 underpins Mg2+ homeostasis, and excess Mg2+ but not Zn2+ or Ca2+ overcomes the arrest of Trpm7-null embryos; expressing Trpm7 mRNA restores development, but mutant versions fail or are partially rescued. Transcriptomic analyses of Trpm7-null embryos reveal an abundance of oxidative stress-pathway genes, confirmed by mitochondrial dysfunction, and a reduction in transcription factor networks essential for proliferation; Mg2+ supplementation corrects these defects. Hence, TRPM7 underpins Mg2+ homeostasis in preimplantation embryos, prevents oxidative stress, and promotes gene expression patterns necessary for developmental progression and cell-lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery, and Anatomy, Veterinary School, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Paula Stein
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Savy
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brian N Papas
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Goli Ardestani
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Clinical Research Embryologist, Boston IVF, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid Carvacho
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rafael A Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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29
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Luo X, Saliba D, Yang T, Gentile S, Mori K, Islas P, Das T, Bagheri N, Porchetta A, Guarne A, Cosa G, Sleiman HF. Minimalist Design of Wireframe DNA Nanotubes: Tunable Geometry, Size, Chirality, and Dynamics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309869. [PMID: 37610293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotubes (NTs) have attracted extensive interest as artificial cytoskeletons for biomedical, synthetic biology, and materials applications. Here, we report the modular design and assembly of a minimalist yet robust DNA wireframe nanotube with tunable cross-sectional geometry, cavity size, chirality, and length, while using only four DNA strands. We introduce an h-motif structure incorporating double-crossover (DX) tile-like DNA edges to achieve structural rigidity and provide efficient self-assembly of h-motif-based DNA nanotube (H-NT) units, thus producing programmable, micrometer-long nanotubes. We demonstrate control of the H-NT nanotube length via short DNA modulators. Finally, we use an enzyme, RNase H, to take these structures out of equilibrium and trigger nanotube assembly at a physiologically relevant temperature, underlining future cellular applications. The minimalist H-NTs can assemble at near-physiological salt conditions and will serve as an easily synthesized, DNA-economical modular template for biosensors, plasmonics, or other functional materials and as cost-efficient drug-delivery vehicles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Daniel Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Serena Gentile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Keita Mori
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Patricia Islas
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Trishalina Das
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Neda Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alba Guarne
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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30
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Bozdar B, Chachar S, Rai M, Li J, Li Y, Hayat F, Chachar Z, Tu P. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285512. [PMID: 37941670 PMCID: PMC10628537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is pivotal for the vitality, yield, and quality of horticultural crops. Central to plant physiology, Mg2+ powers photosynthesis as an integral component of chlorophyll, bolstering growth and biomass accumulation. Beyond basic growth, it critically affects crop quality factors, from chlorophyll synthesis to taste, texture, and shelf life. However, Mg2 + deficiency can cripple yields and impede plant development. Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) orchestrate Mg2+ dynamics, with notable variations observed in horticultural species such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, Mg2+ is key in fortifying plants against environmental stressors and diseases by reinforcing cell walls and spurring the synthesis of defense substances. A burgeoning area of research is the application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), which, owing to their nanoscale size and high reactivity, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance plant growth and stress resilience. Concurrently, modern breeding techniques provide insights into Mg2+ dynamics to develop crops with improved Mg2+ efficiency and resilience to deficiency. Effective Mg2+ management through soil tests, balanced fertilization, and pH adjustments holds promise for maximizing crop health, productivity, and sustainability. This review unravels the nuanced intricacies of Mg2+ in plant physiology and genetics, and its interplay with external factors, serving as a cornerstone for those keen on harnessing its potential for horticultural excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mehtab Rai
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Brady M, Shchepetkina VI, González-Recio I, Martínez-Chantar ML, Buccella D. Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors Illuminate Cellular Magnesium Imbalance in a Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21841-21850. [PMID: 37782839 PMCID: PMC10571084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium(II) plays catalytic, structural, regulatory, and signaling roles in living organisms. Abnormal levels of this metal have been associated with numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, immunodeficiency, cancer, and, most recently, liver pathologies affecting humans. The role of Mg2+ in the pathophysiology of liver disease, however, has been occluded by concomitant changes in concentration of interfering divalent cations, such as Ca2+, which complicates the interpretation of experiments conducted with existing molecular Mg2+ indicators. Herein, we introduce a new quinoline-based fluorescent sensor, MagZet1, that displays a shift in its excitation and emission wavelengths, affording ratiometric detection of cellular Mg2+ by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The new sensor binds the target metal with a submillimolar dissociation constant─well suited for detection of changes in free Mg2+ in cells─and displays a 10-fold selectivity against Ca2+. Furthermore, the fluorescence ratio is insensitive to changes in pH in the physiological range, providing an overall superior performance over existing indicators. We provide insights into the metal selectivity profile of the new sensor based on computational modeling, and we apply it to shed light on a decrease in cytosolic free Mg2+ and altered expression of metal transporters in cellular models of drug-induced liver injury caused by acetaminophen overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brady
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | | | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver
Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE),
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María L. Martínez-Chantar
- Liver
Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE),
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas
y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National
Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Buccella
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Liu M, Dudley SC. Beyond Ion Homeostasis: Hypomagnesemia, Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Channel 7, Mitochondrial Function, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3920. [PMID: 37764704 PMCID: PMC10536927 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation, magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for cell functions, such as ATP production, protein/DNA synthesis, protein activity, and mitochondrial function. Mg2+ plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and blood pressure. A significant decline in Mg2+ intake has been reported in developed countries because of the increased consumption of processed food and filtered/deionized water, which can lead to hypomagnesemia (HypoMg). HypoMg is commonly observed in cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and HypoMg is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. On the other hand, Mg2+ supplementation has shown significant therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases. Some of the effects of HypoMg have been ascribed to changes in Mg2+ participation in enzyme activity, ATP stabilization, enzyme kinetics, and alterations in Ca2+, Na+, and other cations. In this manuscript, we discuss new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of HypoMg that surpass previously described effects. HypoMg causes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Many of these effects can be attributed to the HypoMg-induced upregulation of a Mg2+ transporter transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channel (TRMP7) that is also a kinase. An increase in kinase signaling mediated by HypoMg-induced TRPM7 transcriptional upregulation, independently of any change in Mg2+ transport function, likely seems responsible for many of the effects of HypoMg. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation and TRPM7 kinase inhibition may work to treat the sequelae of HypoMg by preventing increased TRPM7 kinase activity rather than just altering ion homeostasis. Since many diseases are characterized by oxidative stress or inflammation, Mg2+ supplementation and TRPM7 kinase inhibition may have wider implications for other diseases by acting to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, The Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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33
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Xue Z, Ren K, Wu R, Sun Z, Zheng R, Tian Q, Ali A, Mi L, You M. Targeted RNA condensation in living cells via genetically encodable triplet repeat tags. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8337-8347. [PMID: 37486784 PMCID: PMC10484661 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Living systems contain various membraneless organelles that segregate proteins and RNAs via liquid-liquid phase separation. Inspired by nature, many protein-based synthetic compartments have been engineered in vitro and in living cells. Here, we introduce a genetically encoded CAG-repeat RNA tag to reprogram cellular condensate formation and recruit various non-phase-transition RNAs for cellular modulation. With the help of fluorogenic RNA aptamers, we have systematically studied the formation dynamics, spatial distributions, sizes and densities of these cellular RNA condensates. The cis- and trans-regulation functions of these CAG-repeat tags in cellular RNA localization, life time, RNA-protein interactions and gene expression have also been investigated. Considering the importance of RNA condensation in health and disease, we expect that these genetically encodable modular and self-assembled tags can be widely used for chemical biology and synthetic biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhining Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ru Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Ming L, Wang D, Zhu Y. Association of sodium intake with diabetes in adults without hypertension: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2018. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118364. [PMID: 37727604 PMCID: PMC10506081 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium is essential for human health, however the prevalence of various diseases is associated with excessive sodium intake, particularly cardiovascular disorders. However, in most countries, salt intake is much higher than the World Health Organization recommends. Several studies in recent years have revealed that high salt intake is associated with diabetes in the general population, but the association is uncertain in people who do not have hypertension. In this study, we aimed to find out whether high sodium intake increases the risk of diabetes in this particular population. Method Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2018). Participants included adults aged over 20 years old who have undergone the diabetes questionnaire, and the hypertension population was excluded. In order to adjust the confounders, multivariate analysis models were built. Finally, subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the association between sodium intake and diabetes separately. Result In the present study, 7,907 participants are included (3,920 female and 3,987 male), and 512 (6.48%) individuals reported diabetes. The median sodium intake of the participants was 3,341 mg/d (IQR: 2498, 4,364 mg/d). A linear association between sodium intake and the prevalence of diabetes was found (p = 0.003). According to the multivariate analysis models, the odds ratio of diabetes for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment is 1.20 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35). The highest sodium intake quartile was 1.80-fold more likely to have diabetes than the lowest quartile (OR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.17-2.76). Conclusion Our results suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the population without hypertension, and for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment, the risk of diabetes increased by 1.20-fold. To sum up, we have provided the clue to the etiology of diabetes and further prospective research is needed to contribute recommendations for the primary prevention of diabetes in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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35
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Fujita K, Shindo Y, Katsuta Y, Goto M, Hotta K, Oka K. Intracellular Mg 2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:868. [PMID: 37620401 PMCID: PMC10449934 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful for the human body, and exposure to ultraviolet irradiation triggers ROS generation. Previous studies have demonstrated that ROS decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and that Mg2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. Therefore, we visualized the spatio-temporal dynamics of Mg2+ in keratinocytes (a skin component) in response to H2O2 (a type of ROS) and found that it increased cytosolic Mg2+ levels. H2O2-induced responses in both Mg2+ and ATP were larger in keratinocytes derived from adults than in keratinocytes derived from newborns, and inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis enhanced the H2O2-induced Mg2+ response, indicating that a major source of Mg2+ was dissociation from ATP. Simultaneous imaging of Mg2+ and MMP revealed that larger Mg2+ responses corresponded to lower decreases in MMP in response to H2O2. Moreover, Mg2+ supplementation attenuated H2O2-induced cell death. These suggest the potential of Mg2+ as an active ingredient to protect skin from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Fujita
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuji Katsuta
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makiko Goto
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Hotta
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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36
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Lai LTF, Balaraman J, Zhou F, Matthies D. Cryo-EM structures of human magnesium channel MRS2 reveal gating and regulatory mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.553867. [PMID: 37662257 PMCID: PMC10473633 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.553867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an essential role in cellular physiology. In mitochondria, protein and ATP synthesis and various metabolic pathways are directly regulated by Mg2+. MRS2, a magnesium channel located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, mediates the influx of Mg2+ into the mitochondrial matrix and regulates Mg2+ homeostasis. Knockdown of MRS2 in human cells leads to reduced uptake of Mg2+ into mitochondria and disruption of the mitochondrial metabolism. Despite the importance of MRS2, the Mg2+ translocation and regulation mechanisms of MRS2 are still unclear. Here, using cryo-EM we determined the structure of human MRS2 in the presence and absence of Mg2+ at 2.8 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively. From the homo-pentameric structures, we identified R332 and M336 as major gating residues, which were then tested using mutagenesis and two cellular divalent ion uptake assays. A network of hydrogen bonds was found connecting the gating residue R332 to the soluble domain, potentially regulating the gate. Two Mg2+-binding sites were identified in the MRS2 soluble domain, distinct from the two sites previously reported in CorA, a homolog of MRS2 in prokaryotes. Altogether, this study provides the molecular basis for understanding the Mg2+ translocation and regulatory mechanisms of MRS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Tung Faat Lai
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Jayashree Balaraman
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Fei Zhou
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
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37
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Li M, Li Y, Lu Y, Li J, Lu X, Ren Y, Wen T, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhang X, Yang X, Shen Y. Molecular basis of Mg 2+ permeation through the human mitochondrial Mrs2 channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4713. [PMID: 37543649 PMCID: PMC10404273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial RNA splicing 2 (Mrs2), a eukaryotic CorA ortholog, enables Mg2+ to permeate the inner mitochondrial membrane and plays an important role in mitochondrial metabolic function. However, the mechanism by which Mrs2 permeates Mg2+ remains unclear. Here, we report four cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions of Homo sapiens Mrs2 (hMrs2) under various conditions. All of these hMrs2 structures form symmetrical pentamers with very similar pentamer and protomer conformations. A special structural feature of Cl--bound R-ring, which consists of five Arg332 residues, was found in the hMrs2 structure. Molecular dynamics simulations and mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake assays show that the R-ring may function as a charge repulsion barrier, and Cl- may function as a ferry to jointly gate Mg2+ permeation in hMrs2. In addition, the membrane potential is likely to be the driving force for Mg2+ permeation. Our results provide insights into the channel assembly and Mg2+ permeation of hMrs2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuhang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tianlei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shenghai Chang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Kettig E, Kistler-Fischbacher M, de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Frundi DS. Association of magnesium and vitamin D status with grip strength and fatigue in older adults: a 4-week observational study of geriatric participants undergoing rehabilitation. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1619-1629. [PMID: 37285075 PMCID: PMC10245357 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low magnesium and vitamin D levels negatively affect individuals' health. AIMS We aimed to investigate the association of magnesium status with grip strength and fatigue scores, and evaluate whether this association differs by vitamin D status among older participants undergoing geriatric rehabilitation. METHODS This is a 4-week observational study of participants aged ≥ 65 years undergoing rehabilitation. The outcomes were baseline grip strength and fatigue scores, and 4-week change from baseline in grip strength and fatigue scores. The exposures were baseline magnesium tertiles and achieved magnesium tertiles at week 4. Pre-defined subgroup analyses by vitamin D status (25[OH]D < 50 nmol/l = deficient) were performed. RESULTS At baseline, participants (N = 253, mean age 75.7 years, 49.4% women) in the first magnesium tertile had lower mean grip strength compared to participants in the third tertile (25.99 [95% CI 24.28-27.70] vs. 30.1 [95% CI 28.26-31.69] kg). Similar results were observed among vitamin D sufficient participants (25.54 [95% CI 22.65-28.43] kg in the first magnesium tertile vs. 30.91 [27.97-33.86] kg in the third tertile). This association was not significant among vitamin D deficient participants. At week 4, no significant associations were observed between achieved magnesium tertiles and change in grip strength, overall and by vitamin D status. For fatigue, no significant associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS Among older participants undergoing rehabilitation, magnesium status may be relevant for grip strength, particularly among vitamin D sufficient individuals. Magnesium status was not associated with fatigue, regardless of vitamin D status. STUDY REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03422263; registered February 5, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kettig
- General Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Melanie Kistler-Fischbacher
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Clinic for Aging Medicine, Zurich City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Devine Shimbagha Frundi
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
- Berner Institut Für Hausarztmedizin, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Alexander S, Moghadam MG, Rothenbroker M, Y T Chou L. Addressing the in vivo delivery of nucleic-acid nanostructure therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114898. [PMID: 37230305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA and RNA nanostructures are being investigated as therapeutics, vaccines, and drug delivery systems. These nanostructures can be functionalized with guests ranging from small molecules to proteins with precise spatial and stoichiometric control. This has enabled new strategies to manipulate drug activity and to engineer devices with novel therapeutic functionalities. Although existing studies have offered encouraging in vitro or pre-clinical proof-of-concepts, establishing mechanisms of in vivo delivery is the new frontier for nucleic-acid nanotechnologies. In this review, we first provide a summary of existing literature on the in vivo uses of DNA and RNA nanostructures. Based on their application areas, we discuss current models of nanoparticle delivery, and thereby highlight knowledge gaps on the in vivo interactions of nucleic-acid nanostructures. Finally, we describe techniques and strategies for investigating and engineering these interactions. Together, we propose a framework to establish in vivo design principles and advance the in vivo translation of nucleic-acid nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Alexander
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Meghan Rothenbroker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Leo Y T Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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40
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Ashique S, Kumar S, Hussain A, Mishra N, Garg A, Gowda BHJ, Farid A, Gupta G, Dua K, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:74. [PMID: 37501216 PMCID: PMC10375690 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) has gained much importance recently because of its unique range of biological functions. It is one of the most significant micronutrients in biological systems. This review aims to outline the immune-regulating actions of Mg and its crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune response to infectious agents and malignancies. METHODS We conducted a literature review on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science to determine the impact of Mg on immune regulation in three settings of inflammation, infection, and cancer. We thoroughly examined all abstracts and full-text articles and selected the most relevant ones for inclusion in this review. RESULTS Mg has long been associated with immunological responses, both nonspecific and specific. It plays a pivotal role in diverse immune responses by participating in multiple mechanisms. It facilitates substance P binding to lymphoblasts, promotes T helper, B cell, and macrophage responses to lymphokines, and facilitates antibody-dependent cytolysis and immune cell adherence. Besides, Mg serves as a cofactor for C'3 convertase and immunoglobulin synthesis. It additionally boasts a significant anti-cancer effect. Chronic Mg deficiency leads to enhanced baseline inflammation associated with oxidative stress, related to various age-associated morbidities. A deficiency of Mg in rodents has been observed to impact the cell-mediated immunity and synthesis of IgG adversely. This deficiency can lead to various complications, such as lymphoma, histaminosis, hypereosinophilia, increased levels of IgE, and atrophy of the thymus. The immunological consequences of Mg deficiency in humans can be influenced by the genetic regulation of Mg levels in blood cells. Mg can also mediate cell cycle progression. There has been a renewed interest in the physiology and therapeutic efficacy of Mg. However, the in-depth mechanisms, their clinical significance, and their importance in malignancies and inflammatory disorders still need to be clarified. CONCLUSIONS Mg is essential for optimal immune function and regulating inflammation. Deficiency in Mg can lead to temporary or long-term immune dysfunction. A balanced diet usually provides sufficient Mg, but supplementation may be necessary in some cases. Excessive supplementation can have negative impacts on immune function and should be avoided. This review provides an update on the importance of Mg in an immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents and how it regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, cell progression, differentiation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713378, India
| | - Shubneesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology (BIT), Meerut, 250103, UP, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, MP, 474005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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41
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Ponnusamy T, Velusamy P, Kumar A, Morris D, Zhang X, Ning G, Klinger M, Copper JE, Rajan S, Cheung JY, Natarajaseenivasan K, Mnatsakanyan N, Shanmughapriya S. Mitochondrial Magnesium is the cationic rheostat for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3088175. [PMID: 37502932 PMCID: PMC10371168 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088175/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) uptake by mitochondria is essential in regulating bioenergetics, cell death, and cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) mediates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MCU is a heterooligomeric complex with a pore-forming component and accessory proteins required for channel activity. Though MCU regulation by MICUs is unequivocally established, there needs to be more knowledge of whether divalent cations regulate MCU. Here we set out to understand the mitochondrial matrix Mg2+-dependent regulation of MCU activity. We showed Mrs2 as the authentic mammalian mitochondrial Mg2+ channel using the planar lipid bilayer recordings. Using a liver-specific Mrs2 KO mouse model, we showed that decreased matrix [Mg2+] is associated with increased MCU activity and matrix Ca2+ overload. The disruption of Mg2+dependent MCU regulation significantly prompted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening-mediated cell death during tissue IR injury. Our findings support a critical role for mMg2+ in regulating MCU activity and attenuating mCa2+ overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvelselvan Ponnusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Daniel Morris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gang Ning
- Microscopy Core Facility, Penn State Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Marianne Klinger
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jean E. Copper
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Renal Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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42
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Ling P, Wang L, Sun X, Xu W, Yang P, Tang C. A cell-surface-anchored DNA probe coupled with hybridization chain reaction enzyme-free dual signal amplification for sensitive electrochemical detection of the cellular microenvironment. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3165-3172. [PMID: 37337716 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00697b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment plays key roles in regulating physiological processes. However, it is still a challenge to detect it with quantification. Here, a simple, biocompatible, and universal strategy based on cell surface-anchored specific DNAzymes and hybridization chain reaction enzyme-free signal amplification for cellular microenvironment electrochemical detection is presented. In this strategy, the cell could be captured on the surface of the electrode via aptamer-target recognition. On the other hand, the DNAzyme hybridized with the substrate strand as a metal ion probe was anchored on the surface of the cell. In the presence of metal ions, the substrate strand could be cleaved into two fragments by the DNAzyme and released from the cell surface. Then, the DNA modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be captured on the electrode. Subsequently, an alternative hybridization reaction of two hairpin probes was triggered by the carried initiators forming nicked double helices. For signal readout, hemin could be inserted into the double-helix DNA long chain via electrostatic interaction, which could electro-reduce hydrogen peroxide to generate an electrochemical signal. Based on the intrinsic advantages of DNAzymes, including rapid kinetics, high sensitivity, and high selectivity, and the signal amplification strategy, this method should be able to monitor and semi-quantify target metal ions in the cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, this method shows potential for various targets by employing different DNA probes in the cellular microenvironment, providing a platform for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Ling
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Linyu Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Yang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanye Tang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China.
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43
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Anastasescu CM, Stoicănescu E, Badea O, Popescu F. Micronutrient Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder. A Clinical Study. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:409-415. [PMID: 38314225 PMCID: PMC10832870 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorders are part of the category of neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by: difficulties in communication and social interaction, restrictive and repetitive patterns of behaviours and activities, which are present throughout the developmental period, and can be diagnosed in the first five years of life. Due to the increase in the incidence of this disorder in recent years, it has become a topic of great interest both to specialists in child and adolescent psychiatry and to researchers in the field. Given the polymorphism of Autism Spectrum Disorder and the need to discover factors that better explain the etiology of this disorder, studies related to biomarkers are extremely varied. One of the areas of study that have exercised particular interest is related to the involvement of metals in the pathology of autism spectrum disorder. Apart from the controversies related to heavy metals that according to studies affect the developmental process, there are studies that suggest that some micronutrients such as zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, may be involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. Starting from these studies, we set out to investigate to what extent these essential metals for the body are involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder and how they influence the severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Mihaela Anastasescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Neuropsychiatry Hospital of Craiova, Mental Health Centre for Children, Romania
| | | | - Oana Badea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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44
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Deeksha HS, Pajai S, Cherukuri S. Study Based on the Alliance Between Serum Magnesium Levels and Preterm Labor: An Inclusive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42602. [PMID: 37641740 PMCID: PMC10460502 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm labor, regarded as the onset of labor before 37 weeks of gestation, is a highly prevalent issue in obstetrics with repercussions for neonatal health. This review article presents an in-depth analysis of the alliance between serum magnesium levels and preterm labor. The review explores the physiological roles of magnesium right through pregnancy, including its significance for energy metabolism, smooth muscle contraction, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and protein synthesis. It addresses cellular transport and the homeostasis of magnesium. The pathophysiological processes encompassing inflammation, oxidative stress, calcium regulation, smooth muscle contractility, and neuroendocrine pathways are investigated. The review evaluates epidemiological studies investigating the alliance between serum magnesium levels and preterm labor. The review incorporates an assortment of study varieties, such as observational studies, case-control studies, prospective cohort studies, and meta-analyses. In the course of reviewing the prognostic relevance of serum magnesium levels in premature labor, therapeutic implications involving diagnostic precision, prognostic significance, and therapeutic response assessment have additionally been addressed. Therapeutic interventions targeting magnesium levels, such as magnesium supplementation, tocolytic therapy, and the role of magnesium in antenatal corticosteroid administration, are explored. This review provides an in-depth evaluation of the correlation between serum magnesium levels and preterm labor, stressing its therapeutic significance and repercussions for future research and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Deeksha
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sandhya Pajai
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Srinidhi Cherukuri
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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45
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Morrison AR. Magnesium Homeostasis: Lessons from Human Genetics. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:969-978. [PMID: 36723340 PMCID: PMC10356123 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mg 2+ , the fourth most abundant cation in the body, serves as a cofactor for about 600 cellular enzymes. One third of ingested Mg 2+ is absorbed from the gut through a saturable transcellular process and a concentration-dependent paracellular process. Absorbed Mg 2+ is excreted by the kidney and maintains serum Mg 2+ within a narrow range of 0.7-1.25 mmol/L. The reabsorption of Mg 2+ by the nephron is characterized by paracellular transport in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb. The nature of the transport pathways in the gut epithelia and thick ascending limb has emerged from an understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for rare monogenetic disorders presenting with clinical hypomagnesemia. These human disorders due to loss-of-function mutations, in concert with mouse models, have led to a deeper understanding of Mg 2+ transport in the gut and renal tubule. This review focuses on the nature of the transporters and channels revealed by human and mouse genetics and how they are integrated into an understanding of human Mg 2+ physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey R Morrison
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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46
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Fan H, McGhee CE, Lake RJ, Yang Z, Guo Z, Zhang XB, Lu Y. A Highly Selective Mn(II)-Specific DNAzyme and Its Application in Intracellular Sensing. JACS AU 2023; 3:1615-1622. [PMID: 37388692 PMCID: PMC10302744 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential trace element in the human body that acts as a cofactor in many enzymes and metabolisms. It is important to develop methods to detect Mn2+ in living cells. While fluorescent sensors have been very effective in detecting other metal ions, Mn2+-specific fluorescent sensors are rarely reported due to nonspecific fluorescence quenching by the paramagnetism of Mn2+ and poor selectivity against other metal ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. To address these issues, we herein report in vitro selection of an RNA-cleaving DNAzyme with exceptionally high selectivity for Mn2+. Through converting it into a fluorescent sensor using a catalytic beacon approach, Mn2+ sensing in immune cells and tumor cells has been achieved. The sensor is also used to monitor degradation of manganese-based nanomaterials such as MnOx in tumor cells. Therefore, this work provides an excellent tool to detect Mn2+ in biological systems and monitor the Mn2+-involved immune response and antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center
(ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Claire E. McGhee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan J. Lake
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zijian Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center
(ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative
Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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47
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Aal-Hamad AH, Al-Alawi AM, Kashoub MS, Falhammar H. Hypermagnesemia in Clinical Practice. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1190. [PMID: 37512002 PMCID: PMC10384947 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypermagnesemia is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood. Magnesium is a crucial mineral involved in various physiological functions, such as neuromuscular conduction, cardiac excitability, vasomotor tone, insulin metabolism, and muscular contraction. Hypomagnesemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance that can lead to several neuromuscular, cardiac, or nervous system disorders. Hypermagnesemia has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes, particularly in hospitalized patients. Prompt identification and management of hypermagnesemia are crucial to prevent complications, such as respiratory and cardiovascular negative outcomes, neuromuscular dysfunction, and coma. Preventing hypermagnesemia is crucial, particularly in high-risk populations, such as patients with impaired renal function or those receiving magnesium-containing medications or supplements. Clinical management of hypermagnesemia involves discontinuing magnesium-containing therapies, intravenous fluid therapy, or dialysis in severe cases. Furthermore, healthcare providers should monitor serum magnesium concentration in patients at risk of hypermagnesemia and promptly intervene if the concentration exceeds the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hasan Aal-Hamad
- Department of Emergency, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 141, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alawi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 141, Muscat 123, Oman
- Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, P.O. Box 1422, Al-Khoudh 132, Oman
| | - Masoud Salim Kashoub
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 141, Muscat 123, Oman
- Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, P.O. Box 1422, Al-Khoudh 132, Oman
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, QB85, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Locatelli L, Fedele G, Maier JA. The Role of Txnip in Mediating Low-Magnesium-Driven Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098351. [PMID: 37176057 PMCID: PMC10179684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency is associated with a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases since this cation is fundamental in regulating vascular function. This clinical evidence is sustained by in vitro studies showing that culturing endothelial cells in low concentrations of magnesium promotes the acquisition of a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory phenotype. Here, we show that the increase in reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells in low-magnesium-containing medium is due to the upregulation of the pro-oxidant protein thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), with a consequent accumulation of lipid droplets and increase in endothelial permeability through the downregulation and relocalization of junctional proteins. Silencing TXNIP restores the endothelial barrier and lipid content. Because (i) mitochondria serve multiple roles in shaping cell function, health and survival and (ii) mitochondria are the main intracellular stores of magnesium, it is of note that no significant alterations were detected in their morphology and dynamics in our experimental model. We conclude that TXNIP upregulation contributes to low-magnesium-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
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49
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Badawy MM, Sayed-Ahmed MZ, Almoshari Y, Alqahtani SS, Alshahrani S, Mabrouk HAA, Abd-Elsalam MM, Alkashif K, Ahmad S, El-Sebaey AM, Hamama MG, Ahmed DAM. Magnesium Supplementation Alleviates the Toxic Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on the Kidneys, Liver, and Adrenal Glands in Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:381. [PMID: 37112608 PMCID: PMC10141093 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the possible hazards to human health have been raised by the growing usage of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in a variety of applications, including industrial, agricultural, and medical applications. This in vivo subchronic study was conducted to assess the following: (1) the toxicity of orally administered SiNPs on the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands; (2) the relationship between SiNPs exposure and oxidative stress; and (3) the role of magnesium in mitigating these toxic effects. A total of 24 Sprague Dawley male adult rats were divided equally into four groups, as follows: control group, magnesium (Mg) group (50 mg/kg/d), SiNPs group (100 mg/kg/d), and SiNPs+ Mg group. Rats were treated with SiNPs by oral gavage for 90 days. The liver transaminases, serum creatinine, and cortisol levels were evaluated. The tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Additionally, the weight of the organs and the histopathological changes were examined. Our results demonstrated that SiNPs exposure caused increased weight in the kidneys and adrenal glands. Exposure to SiNPs was also associated with significant alterations in liver transaminases, serum creatinine, cortisol, MDA, and GSH. Additionally, histopathological changes were significantly reported in the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands of SiNPs-treated rats. Notably, when we compared the control group with the treated groups with SiNPs and Mg, the results revealed that magnesium could mitigate SiNPs-induced biochemical and histopathologic changes, confirming its effective role as an antioxidant that reduced the accumulation of SiNPs in tissues, and that it returns the levels of liver transaminases, serum creatinine, cortisol, MDA, and GSH to almost normal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moharram Badawy
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Allah Ali Mabrouk
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Khalid Alkashif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sebaey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Hamama
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalia Alsaied Moustafa Ahmed
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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50
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Xue Z, Ren K, Wu R, Sun Z, Zheng R, Tian Q, Ali AA, Mi L, You M. Targeted RNA Condensation in Living Cells via Genetically Encodable Triplet Repeat Tags. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536084. [PMID: 37066290 PMCID: PMC10104140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Living systems contain various functional membraneless organelles that can segregate selective proteins and RNAs via liquid-liquid phase separation. Inspired by nature, many synthetic compartments have been engineered in vitro and in living cells, mostly focused on protein-scaffolded systems. Herein, we introduce a nature-inspired genetically encoded RNA tag to program cellular condensate formations and recruit non-phase-transition target RNAs to achieve functional modulation. In our system, different lengths of CAG-repeat tags were tested as the self-assembled scaffold to drive multivalent condensate formation. Various selective target messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs can be compartmentalized into these condensates. With the help of fluorogenic RNA aptamers, we have systematically studied the formation dynamics, spatial distributions, sizes, and densities of these cellular RNA condensates. The regulation functions of these CAG-repeat tags on the cellular RNA localization, lifetime, RNA-protein interactions, and gene expression have also been investigated. Considering the importance of RNA condensation in both health and disease conditions, these genetically encodable modular and self-assembled tags can be potentially widely used for chemical biology and synthetic biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhining Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ru Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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