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Gette JA, Littlefield AK, Victor SE, Schmidt AT, Garos S. Evaluation of the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Questionnaire and its Relations to Cannabis-Related Problems. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2023; 6:64-86. [PMID: 38035173 PMCID: PMC10683753 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use and the prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) among emerging adults are on the rise. Several indicators of cannabis use (e.g., quantity, frequency) as they relate to negative outcomes have been posited in the extant literature. Despite research examining links between indicators and cannabis outcomes, few assessments of cannabis use indicators exist. The Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) was developed to assess cannabis use across a range of factors. However, the factor structure of the DFAQ-CU has not been replicated. Further, the DFAQ-CU was modeled using reflective strategies despite formative strategies being conceptually appropriate. The present study utilized principal components analyses (PCA) and principal axis factoring (PAF) to evaluate the structure of the DFAQ-CU. PCA yielded a four-component solution; PAF resulted in a five-factor solution. Linear regression found significant relations between PCA components and PAF factors with CUD symptoms and cannabis-related problems; however, effect sizes were larger for the PAF suggesting possible misdisattenuation. The PCA components demonstrated evidence of discriminant and convergent validity with measures of cannabis and alcohol behavior. The study informs research and clinical work through the refinement of cannabis use assessment and enhancing our understanding of the importance of model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Gette
- The Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University
| | | | - Sarah E Victor
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | - Sheila Garos
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
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2
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Duckworth JC, Graupensperger S, Schultz NR, Gilson MS, Fairlie AM, Patrick ME, Lee CM. Alcohol and marijuana use predicting next-day absenteeism and engagement at school and work: A daily study of young adults. Addict Behav 2023; 142:107670. [PMID: 36878183 PMCID: PMC10281488 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined effects of alcohol and marijuana use on next-day absenteeism and engagement at work and school among young adults (18-25 years old) who reported past-month alcohol use and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use. Participants completed twice daily surveys for five, 14-day bursts. The analytic sample was 409 [64 % were enrolled in university (N = 263) and 95 % were employed (N = 387) in at least one burst]. Daily measures included: any alcohol or marijuana use, quantity of alcohol or marijuana use (i.e., number of drinks, number of hours high), attendance at work or school, and engagement (i.e., attentiveness, productivity) at school or work. Multilevel models examined between- and within-person associations between alcohol and marijuana use and next-day absenteeism and engagement at school or work. Between-persons, the proportion of days of alcohol use days was positively associated with next-day absence from school, consuming more drinks was positively associated with next-day absence from work, and the proportion of days of marijuana use was positively associated with next-day engagement at work. At the daily-level, when individuals consumed any alcohol and when they consumed more drinks than average, they reported lower next-day engagement during school and work. When individuals used marijuana and when they were high for more hours than average, they reported lower next-day engagement during school. Findings suggest alcohol and marijuana use consequences include next-day absence and decrements in next-day engagement at school and work, which could be included in interventions aimed at ameliorating harmful impacts of substance use among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Duckworth
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Johnson Tower 516, Pullman, WA 99163, United States.
| | - Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicole R Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael S Gilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anne M Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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3
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Helle AC, Boness CL, Masters J, Sher KJ. Alcohol and cannabis co-use: Receptiveness to treatments and application to intervention planning. JOURNAL OF STUDENT AFFAIRS RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 61:86-102. [PMID: 38504868 PMCID: PMC10947103 DOI: 10.1080/19496591.2023.2177104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of alcohol and cannabis co-use among college students, prevention for co-use is crucial. We examined hypothetical receptiveness to substance-specific interventions among students who reported co-use. Students who use alcohol and cannabis were more receptive to alcohol interventions than cannabis interventions. Campus prevention experts should consider offering evidence-based alcohol-focused interventions as a potential pathway for decreasing substance use among college students who engage in co-use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra L Boness
- Center on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions at the University of New Mexico
| | - Joan Masters
- Partners in Prevention in the Division of Student Affairs at the University of Missouri
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4
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Lisano JK, Flores VA, Kisiolek JN, Stewart LK. Regular Use of Cannabis in Female Athletes Is Associated With a Reduction in Early Anaerobic Power Production. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:616-622. [PMID: 36820704 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lisano, JK, Flores, VA, Kisiolek, JN, and Stewart, LK. Regular use of cannabis in female athletes is associated with a reduction in early anaerobic power production. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 616-622, 2023-Despite a growing number of claims related to the ability of cannabis use to affect health and performance, there is limited research available, especially in female athletes. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether chronic cannabis use in physically active female athletes is related to altered health and performance. Healthy, physically active, female cannabis users (CU: n = 12) and noncannabis users (NU: n = 12) with an average age of 23.8 ± 3.7 years and 19.3 ± 4.2% body fat completed athletic performance and health assessments. Significance was set at alpha = 0.05. The age of onset of regular cannabis use was 20.1 ± 2.8 years in CU with an average duration of cannabis use of 5.8 ± 3.1 years. There were no differences between groups with respect to body size, body composition, pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory function, or muscular strength. Cannabis users produced significantly less power in the first 2 stages of the Wingate assessment, but CU experienced significantly less anaerobic fatigue. Although body composition and cardiovascular fitness were comparable, average C-reactive protein concentration classified CU with higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Athletes and coaches who rely heavily on anaerobic performance should consider these findings because they indicate that regular cannabis use may affect early power production and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon K Lisano
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado
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5
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Ache Akua B, Samek DR. The developmental unfolding of substance use disorder symptoms and academic achievement in the transition into and out of college. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107530. [PMID: 36308839 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prospective associations between both alcohol and cannabis use (frequency and DSM-5 substance use disorder symptom counts) as they relate to academic performance over a period of ∼ four years. The study members were students enrolled in college in the Southeastern United States (N = 209, 62 % female, 90 % white). Baseline survey data were obtained in the first year of college while participants finished the follow-up assessments ∼ 1 and ∼ 4 years from baseline (80+ % retention rates). We aimed to tease apart antecedent from consequence in the associations between substance use and academic performance using a sophisticated modeling technique that accounts for between-person influences in evaluating within-person change over time. Results showed that greater alcohol use disorder symptoms in the first year of college were associated with a within-person decline in grades in the second year of college. This was not demonstrated for alcohol or cannabis frequency, alcohol quantity, or cannabis use disorder symptoms or in relation to the later developmental transition out of college. In addition to widely implemented prevention efforts, these results indicate that screening first-year college students for alcohol use disorder symptoms and connecting them with resources and treatment may be beneficial in attempts to promote academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ache Akua
- Department of Human Development and Family Science at Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Diana R Samek
- Department of Human Development and Family Science at Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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6
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Morissette SB, Blessing A, Russell P, Hale W. Cannabis use disorder uniquely predicts educational impairment in college students over and above other mental health disorders. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36595591 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The impact of cannabis use disorder (CUD) on education functioning and GPA was examined within the context of co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants: Undergraduates (N = 210) who reported using cannabis within the past six months were recruited. Methods: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine whether CUD symptom severity and presence of probable CUD diagnosis predicted educational impairment and current GPA, over and above other mental health conditions. Results: CUD symptom severity, but not probable CUD, significantly predicted greater educational impairment, over and above probable PTSD and MDD, which were also significant predictors. CUD symptom severity, but not probable CUD, significantly predicted lower GPA. Conclusion: In addition to other common mental health conditions, CUD may be an important area of assessment and intervention for university counseling centers to foster student academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Blessing
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Willie Hale
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Cloutier RM, Batley PN, Kearns NT, Knapp AA. A psychometric evaluation of the Marijuana Problems Index among college students: Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance by gender. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:907-917. [PMID: 34735206 PMCID: PMC9714336 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the Marijuana Problems Index (MPI) is widely used in studies with college student samples to reflect a unidimensional measure of cannabis-related problems, no studies have assessed the psychometric properties of the MPI in a college student population. The present study sought to resolve this gap in a sample of 879 college students reporting past-year cannabis use. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the factor structure of the unidimensional 23- and 18-item MPI and measurement invariance across gender. Bivariate correlations between the final factors, cannabis use history/frequency, and other substance use outcomes were used to examine concurrent and discriminant validities (i.e., vs. noncannabis outcomes). The 18-item (but not the 23-item) MPI demonstrated good model fit, measurement invariance across gender, adequate internal reliability, as well as concurrent and discriminant validities. Results support the use of the 18-item MPI over the 23-item MPI for conceptualizing problematic cannabis use, including the testing of gender-specific differences, among college students. Findings also reinforce the importance of evaluating the psychometric properties of widely used measures across samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Cloutier
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
- Program Evaluation and Research Unit (PERU), School of Pharmacy, The University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Nathan T. Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
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8
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Schwebel FJ, Richards DK, Pfund RA, Joseph VW, Pearson MR. Using Decision Trees to Identify Salient Predictors of Cannabis-Related Outcomes. J Psychoactive Drugs 2022; 54:419-428. [PMID: 35067209 PMCID: PMC9308832 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.2014081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use continues to escalate among emerging adults and college attendance may be a risk factor for use. Severe cases of cannabis use can escalate to a cannabis use disorder, which is associated with worse psychosocial functioning. Predictors of cannabis use consequences and cannabis use disorder symptom severity have been identified; however, they typically employ a narrow set of predictors and rely on linear models. Machine learning is well suited for exploratory data analyses of high-dimensional data. This study applied decision tree learning to identify predictors of cannabis user status, negative cannabis-related consequences, and cannabis use disorder symptoms. Undergraduate college students (N = 7000) were recruited from nine universities in nine states across the U.S. Among the 7 trees, 24 splits created by 15 distinct predictors were identified. Consistent with prior research, one's beliefs about cannabis were strong predictors of user status. Negative reinforcement cannabis use motives were the most consistent predictors of cannabis use disorder symptoms, and past month cannabis use was the most consistent predictor of probable cannabis use disorder. Typical frequency of cannabis use was the only predictor of negative cannabis-related consequences. Our results demonstrate that decision trees are a useful methodological tool for identifying targets for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Schwebel
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dylan K Richards
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rory A Pfund
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Verlin W Joseph
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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9
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Petkeviciene J, Kriaucioniene V, Raskiliene A. Academic Achievements, Satisfaction with Studies and Risky Behaviours among First-Year Students of Kaunas (Lithuania) Universities, 2000-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137616. [PMID: 35805274 PMCID: PMC9266131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Risky behaviours are prevalent among university students and may affect academic achievements. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between academic achievements, satisfaction with studies and risky behaviours among first-year students of Kaunas (Lithuania) universities. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2000, 2010, and 2017. The self-administered questionnaires were filled in during lectures and assessed frequency and amount of alcohol consumption, drinking problems (CAGE test), smoking and drug use frequency, and academic achievements. The associations between risky behaviours and academic achievements were analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Altogether 3325 students (1341 men and 1984 women) aged 20.0 (1.5) years participated in the survey. The proportion of students who consumed alcohol at least once a week and drank 11 or more standard alcoholic units (SAU) a week decreased. Every fifth student reported a drinking problem. Daily smoking prevalence declined, and drug use increased among male students. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that frequent alcohol consumption and problem drinking were associated with low importance of good grades. Students who rated their academic performance below average and were dissatisfied with studies were more likely to consume ≥11 SAU a week. Daily smoking was more common among students who reported low importance of good grades and academic performance below average. A higher prevalence of drug use was found only in male students who declared low importance of good grades. Health promoting interventions at the individual and student community level are required to reduce the prevalence of substance use and improve the academic achievements of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Petkeviciene
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-620-61556
| | - Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Raskiliene
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.K.); (A.R.)
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10
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Helle AC, Boness CL, Sher KJ. College students' receptiveness to intervention approaches for alcohol and cannabis use. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:157-176. [PMID: 33749290 PMCID: PMC8455707 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Addressing high-risk alcohol and cannabis use represent major challenges to institutions of higher education. A range of evidence-based treatment approaches are available, but little is known concerning students' receptiveness to such approaches. Prior work identified that students were most open to individual therapy and self-help options for reducing alcohol use, but less open to medication. The current study examines student receptiveness to intervention approaches across a wider range of intervention approaches (e.g., remote/telehealth), and extends to evaluate cannabis intervention receptiveness. METHOD Undergraduate students reported on alcohol and cannabis use, motives for and reasons against use, and openness to an array of interventions for reducing alcohol and cannabis use. RESULTS Informal options (self-help, talking with family/friends), individual therapy, and appointments with a primary care provider (PCP) were endorsed most frequently. Group therapy and medication were less commonly endorsed, though medication was endorsed at a higher prevalence than in prior studies. Women generally expressed higher receptiveness than men. Lower alcohol consumption was associated with increased receptiveness to some approaches. Students at high risk for alcohol and/or cannabis dependence were less receptive to many treatment options. CONCLUSIONS College students were open to a wide variety of approaches for reducing their alcohol and cannabis use. These results can inform selection, implementation, and availability of campus-wide services, especially as low-cost technological-based approaches are expanding. Further attention to existing services (e.g., PCP) for addressing alcohol and cannabis use may be considered, given students' receptiveness to such approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Helle
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological
Sciences, 200 South 7 Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United State
- Corresponding author:
| | - Cassandra L. Boness
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological
Sciences, 200 South 7 Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United State
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological
Sciences, 200 South 7 Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United State
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11
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Bae SW, Chung T, Islam R, Suffoletto B, Du J, Jang S, Nishiyama Y, Mulukutla R, Dey A. Mobile phone sensor-based detection of subjective cannabis intoxication in young adults: A feasibility study in real-world settings. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:108972. [PMID: 34530315 PMCID: PMC8595824 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given possible impairment in psychomotor functioning related to acute cannabis intoxication, we explored whether smartphone-based sensors (e.g., accelerometer) can detect self-reported episodes of acute cannabis intoxication (subjective "high" state) in the natural environment. METHODS Young adults (ages 18-25) in Pittsburgh, PA, who reported cannabis use at least twice per week, completed up to 30 days of daily data collection: phone surveys (3 times/day), self-initiated reports of cannabis use (start/stop time, subjective cannabis intoxication rating: 0-10, 10 = very high), and continuous phone sensor data. We tested multiple models with Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) in distinguishing "not intoxicated" (rating = 0) vs subjective cannabis "low-intoxication" (rating = 1-3) vs "moderate-intensive intoxication" (rating = 4-10). We tested the importance of time features (i.e., day of the week, time of day) relative to smartphone sensor data only on model performance, since time features alone might predict "routines" in cannabis intoxication. RESULTS Young adults (N = 57; 58 % female) reported 451 cannabis use episodes, mean subjective intoxication rating = 3.77 (SD = 2.64). LGBM, the best performing classifier, had 60 % accuracy using time features to detect subjective "high" (Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.82). Combining smartphone sensor data with time features improved model performance: 90 % accuracy (AUC = 0.98). Important smartphone features to detect subjective cannabis intoxication included travel (GPS) and movement (accelerometer). CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study indicates the feasibility of using phone sensors to detect subjective cannabis intoxication in the natural environment, with potential implications for triggering just-in-time interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Bae
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, USA.
| | - Rahul Islam
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Jiameng Du
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | - Serim Jang
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | | | - Raghu Mulukutla
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | - Anind Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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12
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Reuter PR, Forster BL. Student health behavior and academic performance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11107. [PMID: 33959411 PMCID: PMC8054760 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between health behaviors and habits of university students and academic achievement. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred fourteen undergraduate students at a state university in the United States. METHODS Students were invited over a 2-year period to participate in an anonymous online survey that asked questions concerning a wide range of health behaviors and habits; participants were asked to report their current grade point average (GPA). Standard Least Squares Models were used to examine differences in self-reported GPA across the different health behaviors and habits, with individuals as replicates. RESULTS The study found positive associations between breakfast consumption, physical activity, and strength training and self-reported GPA, and negative associations between the hours of sleep per night, hours worked per week, fast food and energy drinks consumption, and use of marijuana, alcohol and electronic vaping products. CONCLUSIONS While there is an association for some of the studied health behaviors and habits with self-reported GPA, the effect sizes for these health behaviors were low. The significant effect of vaping on GPA as well as the increased use reported in this study indicates that the topic should be explored further. Furthermore, students should be educated on the potential positive and negative effects of health behavior choices to help them make better choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Reuter
- Marieb College of Health & Human Services, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bridget L. Forster
- Marieb College of Health & Human Services, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
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13
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Enkema MC, Hallgren KA, Bowen S, Lee CM, Larimer ME. Craving management: Exploring factors that influence momentary craving-related risk of cannabis use among young adults. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106750. [PMID: 33383565 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Young adult frequent cannabis use has increased in prevalence and some frequent users have problems reducing their use. A strong link between momentary craving and subsequent use behaviors among individuals with problematic cannabis use has been reported in the literature, including young adults. In treatment contexts, interventions based on associative learning and reinforcement aim to reduce the prevalence of problematic substance use by altering the association between craving and use by increasing craving management skills such as mindfulness and reducing unhelpful responding such as avoidance or suppression. However, this model has not been tested among young adult cannabis users. The current study examined the influence of trait and state craving management strategies (mindfulness, coping style, experiential avoidance, and craving beliefs) on the link between momentary craving and use, using ecological momentary assessment in a sample of young adults with problematic use interested in reducing their use. Results demonstrated that two craving management constructs were associated with use: non-reactivity (p = 0.02) and non-judgment (p < 0.01). Interactions with momentary craving were observed for two constructs: non-judgmentalness (p = 0.02) and craving beliefs (p < 0.01). Findings suggest that treatments that increase non-reactivity and non-judgmentalness may reduce the occurrence of cannabis use for young adults contemplating reduction during an important period of biopsychosocial development by mitigating the impact of craving or directly reducing use. Additionally, negative beliefs about craving may serve a protective function during acute periods of elevation in momentary craving, an unexpected finding deserving further investigation.
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14
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Gette JA, Cundiff JM, Gissandaner TD, Littlefield AK. Relations between cannabis use, socioeconomic status, and risk perceptions in a Hispanic/Latinx population. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:1-20. [PMID: 33382026 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1861496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) and risk perceptions are indicative of cannabis use and subjective social status (SSS) may have utility in predicting cannabis use. This work examined relations between these indicators of cannabis use and use in a Hispanic/Latinx sample. Results found negative relations between risk perceptions and cannabis use. SES was unrelated to cannabis outcomes and risk perceptions but SSS had a negative relation with lifetime use. SSS positively related to risk assimilation in the full sample. Findings demonstrate how risk perceptions relate to cannabis use and suggest SES and SSS may not be indicative of use among Hispanic/Latinx populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Gette
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jenny M Cundiff
- School of Arts and Humanities, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tre D Gissandaner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Prevalence and Socio-Demographic, Academic, Health and Lifestyle Predictors of Illicit Drug/s Use among University Undergraduate Students in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145094. [PMID: 32679701 PMCID: PMC7400316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Illicit drug/s use (IDU) among university students is a public health concern. We assessed the associations between socio-demographic, academic, and health and lifestyle characteristics (independent variables) and regular, occasional or never IDU (dependent variables). Data were collected across seven faculties (1177 students) at the University of Turku (Finland) via an online questionnaire. About 1.5% of the sample had regular IDU, 19% occasional IDU, and 79% never IDU. Independent predictors of ever (lifetime) IDU included males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.82, P = 0.001], not living with parents (AOR 2.59, P < 0.001), singles (AOR 0.51, P < 0.001), lower religiosity (AOR 1.49, P = 0.022), better self-rated general health (AOR 0.41, P = 0.003), higher health awareness (AOR 1.93, P = 0.014), more depressive symptoms (AOR 1.82, P = 0.004), daily smokers (AOR 3.69, P < 0.001), heavy episodic drinking (AOR 2.38, P < 0.001) and possible alcohol dependency (AOR 2.55, P < 0.001). We observed no independent associations between ever IDU with age, study discipline, perceived stress or academic performance. The 20.5% ever IDU is concerning. The compelling independent predictors of ever IDU included not living with parents, lower religiosity, daily smokers, heavy episodic drinking and possible alcohol dependency (AOR range 2.38-3.69). Education and prevention need to emphasize the negative consequences to reinforce abstinence from IDU. Health promotion could focus on beliefs and expectations about IDU and target students at risk for successful efforts.
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Pellegrino AJ, Duck KD, Kriescher DPJ, Shrake ME, Phillips MM, Lalonde TL, Phillips KT. Characterizing symptoms of cannabis use disorder in a sample of college students. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2020; 50:524-537. [PMID: 34305171 DOI: 10.1177/0022042620936655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since legalization of marijuana in several U.S. states in 2012, there has been concern about increases in the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study examined rates of CUD in Colorado college students who reported regular marijuana use and assessed a range of factors associated with CUD symptoms, including coping motives, concentrate/dab use, mental health concerns (depression, anxiety), age of regular marijuana use, and alcohol use. College students were recruited from a mid-sized university and completed a baseline assessment that included a marijuana urine screen. Participants reported a median of five CUD symptoms and 90% met criteria for CUD. After adjusting for covariates, age of regular marijuana use was negatively associated with number of CUD symptoms, while average daily alcohol drinks was positively associated with number of symptoms. Prevention and intervention efforts at the university level should be increased to reduce negative outcomes associated with problem marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J Pellegrino
- School of Psychological Sciences, Campus Box 94, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639
| | - Kerry D Duck
- School of Education, University of Delaware, 113 Willard Hall Education Building, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Dylan P J Kriescher
- School of Psychological Sciences, Campus Box 94, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639
| | - Mackenzie E Shrake
- School of Psychological Sciences, Campus Box 94, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639
| | - Michael M Phillips
- School of Psychological Sciences, Campus Box 94, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639
| | - Trent L Lalonde
- Department of Applied Statistics and Research Methods, Campus Box 124, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639
| | - Kristina T Phillips
- Center for Integrated Health Care Research (CIHR), Kaiser Permanente, 501 Alakawa St., Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817
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Enkema MC, Hallgren KA, Larimer ME. Craving is impermanent and it matters: Investigating craving and cannabis use among young adults with problematic use interested in reducing use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 210:107957. [PMID: 32200158 PMCID: PMC7360486 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rates of problematic cannabis use have nearly doubled over the last decade, and peak onset for cannabis use disorders occurs during young adulthood. Craving for cannabis is hypothesized to be an important factor that maintains cannabis use among people who desire to stop or reduce their use, including many young adults. Previous studies that used single timepoint assessment methods to demonstrate a link between craving and cannabis use have found mixed predictive utility of measurements. The impermanent, or time-varying nature of craving may be responsible for mixed findings, leading to inaccuracies in retrospective recall and greater difficulty measuring craving and detecting its association with cannabis use. The current study compared intensive longitudinal assessments and single timepoint assessments predicting cannabis use among young adults with problematic cannabis use who reported a desire to reduce their use. Participants (N = 80) completed a baseline craving questionnaire and intensive longitudinal assessments of momentary craving and cannabis use up to four times per day for 14 days. Results suggested that averaged momentary craving predicted cannabis use above-and-beyond craving measured at baseline. An increase of one SD above the sample-mean for averaged momentary craving increased the probability of cannabis use by 367 %, while a one SD increase in baseline craving was only associated with a 49 % increase. Findings suggest that asking young adults who want to cut back on their cannabis use about their craving at a single timepoint may not be as clinically useful as tracking cravings repeatedly in near real-time and in ecologically valid contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Enkema
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354944, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - Kevin A Hallgren
- Behavioral Research in Technology and Engineering (BRiTE) Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354944, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
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Chung T, Bae SW, Mun EY, Suffoletto B, Nishiyama Y, Jang S, Dey AK. Mobile Assessment of Acute Effects of Marijuana on Cognitive Functioning in Young Adults: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16240. [PMID: 32154789 PMCID: PMC7093776 DOI: 10.2196/16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile assessment of the effects of acute marijuana on cognitive functioning in the natural environment would provide an ecologically valid measure of the impacts of marijuana use on daily functioning. Objective This study aimed to examine the association of reported acute subjective marijuana high (rated 0-10) with performance on 3 mobile cognitive tasks measuring visuospatial working memory (Flowers task), attentional bias to marijuana-related cues (marijuana Stroop), and information processing and psychomotor speed (digit symbol substitution task [DSST]). The effect of distraction as a moderator of the association between the rating of subjective marijuana high and task performance (ie, reaction time and number of correct responses) was explored. Methods Young adults (aged 18-25 years; 37/60, 62% female) who reported marijuana use at least twice per week were recruited through advertisements and a participant registry in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Phone surveys and mobile cognitive tasks were delivered 3 times per day and were self-initiated when starting marijuana use. Completion of phone surveys triggered the delivery of cognitive tasks. Participants completed up to 30 days of daily data collection. Multilevel models examined associations between ratings of subjective marijuana high (rated 0-10) and performance on each cognitive task (reaction time and number of correct responses) and tested the number of distractions (rated 0-4) during the mobile task session as a moderator of the association between ratings of subjective marijuana high and task performance. Results Participants provided 2703 data points, representing 451 reports (451/2703, 16.7%) of marijuana use. Consistent with slight impairing effects of acute marijuana use, an increase in the average rating of subjective marijuana high was associated with slower average reaction time on all 3 tasks—Flowers (B=2.29; SE 0.86; P=.008), marijuana Stroop (B=2.74; SE 1.09; P=.01), and DSST (B=3.08; SE 1.41; P=.03)—and with fewer correct responses for Flowers (B=−0.03; SE 0.01; P=.01) and DSST (B=−0.18; SE 0.07; P=.01), but not marijuana Stroop (P=.45). Results for distraction as a moderator were statistically significant only for certain cognitive tasks and outcomes. Specifically, as hypothesized, a person’s average number of reported distractions moderated the association of the average rating of subjective marijuana high (over and above a session’s rating) with the reaction time for marijuana Stroop (B=−52.93; SE 19.38; P=.006) and DSST (B=−109.72; SE 42.50; P=.01) and the number of correct responses for marijuana Stroop (B=−0.22; SE 0.10; P=.02) and DSST (B=4.62; SE 1.81; P=.01). Conclusions Young adults’ performance on mobile cognitive tasks in the natural environment was associated with ratings of acute subjective marijuana high, consistent with slight decreases in cognitive functioning. Monitoring cognitive functioning in real time in the natural environment holds promise for providing immediate feedback to guide personal decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sang Won Bae
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Brian Suffoletto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuuki Nishiyama
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Serim Jang
- Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anind K Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Arria AM, Allen HK, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, O’Grady KE. Excessive drinking and drug use during college: Prospective associations with graduate school plans and attendance. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:132-138. [PMID: 30763149 PMCID: PMC6694003 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1535494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines the prospective relationship between substance use during college and two outcomes: having definite plans to attend graduate school; and, among individuals with plans, enrolling in graduate school upon college graduation. Participants:n = 980 were originally enrolled as first-time, first-year college students in an ongoing longitudinal study (August 2004 to present). Methods: Measures from personal interviews included demographics, GPA, alcohol use, alcohol abuse/dependence, and other drug use during college. Results: Fifty-four percent had definite plans to attend graduate school, and 47% of students with definite plans enrolled in graduate school. Alcohol dependence was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of having graduate school plans. Among students with plans to attend graduate school, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence during college were associated with decreased likelihood of enrolling in graduate school. Conclusions: Substance use during college might impact graduate school enrollment, and early intervention efforts could help students achieve their educational goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA. , , ,
| | - Hannah K. Allen
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA. , , ,
| | - Kimberly M. Caldeira
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA. , , ,
| | - Kathryn B. Vincent
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA. , , ,
| | - Kevin E. O’Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, 3109 Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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20
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Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Pilatti A, Mezquita L. Negative marijuana-related consequences among college students in five countries: measurement invariance of the Brief Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire. Addiction 2019; 114:1854-1865. [PMID: 31066108 PMCID: PMC6732001 DOI: 10.1111/add.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The 21-item Brief Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (B-MACQ) has been shown to be a valid measure to assess negative marijuana-related consequences among US college students. The present study aimed to: (a) examine measurement invariance of the B-MACQ among college student marijuana users in five countries, (b) evaluate latent mean differences on the B-MACQ as a function of sex and country if invariance is met and (c) compare criterion-related validity across different countries and sex. DESIGN Instrumental study. SETTING Argentina, the Netherlands, Spain, Uruguay and United States. PARTICIPANTS A subsample of last-month marijuana users who completed the B-MACQ (n = 1145; 62.9% female). MEASUREMENTS The B-MACQ, several dimensions of marijuana use and perceptions of marijuana use. FINDINGS Results supported configural and scalar invariance (all ΔCFI/TLI ≤ 0.01; ΔRMSEA ≤ 0.015) of a 20-item B-MACQ across sex and four countries (the Netherlands being the exception). In examining latent mean differences, Spanish students reported a higher number of consequences than US (P < 0.001) and Argentinian students (P = 0.003). In examining criterion-related validity, marijuana use indicators (0.01 < rs < 0.64), descriptive norms (0.04 < rs < 0.49) and injunctive norms for best friend (0.06 < rs < 0.28) largely had small-to-moderate positive correlations with negative marijuana-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS The 20-item B-MACQ accurately assesses marijuana-related negative consequences among male and female college student marijuana users across the United States, Argentina, Spain and Uruguay. The B-MACQ could be used effectively to identify marijuana-related consequences in college students from different countries or cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J. Bravo
- Corresponding Author: Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA 87106, Phone: 505-925-2344,
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions University of New Mexico
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
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Lisano JK, Kisiolek JN, Smoak P, Phillips KT, Stewart LK. Chronic cannabis use and circulating biomarkers of neural health, stress, and inflammation in physically active individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:258-263. [PMID: 31319037 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has associated cannabis use with altered circulating neurotrophins and biomarkers of immune health, but these relationships have yet to be fully explored in physically active individuals. The specific aim of this study was to explore the relationships between biomarkers of neural health: nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), immune health: interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol, as well as the presence of depression, in physically active cannabis users (CU) and nonusers (NU). Male and female participants (N = 30; CU, n = 15, NU, n = 15) provided intravenous blood samples and underwent assessment of body composition, maximal oxygen consumption, and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)). Samples were analyzed for concentrations of NGF, BDNF, IL-6, CRP, and cortisol using ELISAs. CU and NU were compared using an unpaired t test. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate relationships among variables. There were no significant differences in body size or composition, maximal oxygen consumption, total BDI-II Score, concentrations of NGF, IL-6, CRP, or cortisol between groups. BDNF was significantly lower in CU compared with NU (p = 0.02), with a significant negative relationship between BDNF and CRP (p = 0.02). Mean concentrations of CRP placed CU at higher risk for cardiovascular disease compared with NU. Total BDI-II score negatively correlated with BDNF (p = 0.02) and positively correlated with CRP (p = 0.02). Novelty Plasma BDNF was significantly lower in physically active cannabis users compared with NU. CU were classified at moderate risk for cardiovascular disease based on average circulating CRP compared with low risk for NU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon K Lisano
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Jacob N Kisiolek
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Peter Smoak
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Kristina T Phillips
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Laura K Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
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22
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Wallis AL, Gretz DP, Rings JA, Eberle KM. Assessing Marijuana Use, Anxiety, and Academic Performance Among College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Wallis
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
- Now at Open Sky Wilderness Therapy, Durango Colorado
| | - David P. Gretz
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
| | - Jeffrey A. Rings
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
| | - Kiersten M. Eberle
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
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Carroll K, Pottinger AM, Wynter S, DaCosta V. Marijuana use and its influence on sperm morphology and motility: identified risk for fertility among Jamaican men. Andrology 2019; 8:136-142. [PMID: 31267718 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing international movement legislating medical marijuana has brought renewed interest to the role of marijuana smoking on fertility potential. Although studies have identified that sperm quality can be compromised by marijuana use, little focus has been placed specifically on those trying to conceive. In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of marijuana use in semen quality in men being investigated for assisted reproduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at a university-based facility in Jamaica. Routine semen analyses were performed on 229 men ages 23-72 years who were new clients. Logistic regression analyses were performed in order to independently predict quantifiable measures of the impact of marijuana use. The main outcome measures were sperm motility, total motile spermatozoa and morphology. RESULTS Overall, 47% of the participants reported marijuana use with 21% of these men reporting recent use. Regression analyses showed that recent use and users of large quantities of marijuana were 2.6 times (aOR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-6.8, p = 0.044) and 4.3 times (aOR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.1-15.9, p = 0.030) at greater risk of being diagnosed with abnormal motility (asthenozoospermia). Additionally, moderate quantity users were 3.4 times (aOR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.9, p = 0.004) more likely to be diagnosed with abnormal morphology (teratozoospermia). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Recent use of marijuana as well as moderate to large quantities had an impact on sperm motility and morphology in men being investigated for infertility. We recommend therefore that men undergoing fertility investigations be routinely asked about their recreational use of marijuana and in particular recent and heavy users counselled to stop.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Carroll
- The Hugh Wynter Fertility Management Unit, The University of the West Indies, Kingston Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - A M Pottinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Kingston Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - S Wynter
- Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - V DaCosta
- Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Lac A, Luk JW. Testing the Amotivational Syndrome: Marijuana Use Longitudinally Predicts Lower Self-Efficacy Even After Controlling for Demographics, Personality, and Alcohol and Cigarette Use. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019. [PMID: 28620722 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The marijuana amotivational syndrome posits that cannabis use fosters apathy through the depletion of motivation-based constructs such as self-efficacy. The current study pursued a two-round design to rule out concomitant risk factors responsible for the connection from marijuana intake to lower general self-efficacy. College students (N = 505) completed measures of marijuana use, demographics (age, gender, and race), personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism), other substance use (alcohol and tobacco), and general self-efficacy (initiative, effort, and persistence) in two assessments separated by a month. Hierarchical regression models found that marijuana use forecasted lower initiative and persistence, even after statistically ruling out 13 pertinent baseline covariates including demographics, personality traits, alcohol use, tobacco use, and self-efficacy subscales. A cross-lagged panel model involving initiative, effort, persistence, alcohol use, cigarette use, and marijuana use sought to unravel the temporal precedence of processes. Results showed that only marijuana (but not alcohol or tobacco) intake significantly and longitudinally prompted lower initiative and persistence. Furthermore, in the same model, the opposite temporal direction of events from lower general self-efficacy subscales to marijuana use was untenable. Findings provide partial support for the marijuana amotivational syndrome, underscore marijuana as a risk factor for decreased general self-efficacy, and offer implications and insights for marijuana prevention and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- Health Behavior Branch Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
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25
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Pearson MR. A meta-analytic investigation of the associations between cannabis use and cannabis-related negative consequences. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:190-196. [PMID: 30843713 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current climate of policy change regarding cannabis (i.e., decriminalization, medicalization, and legalization), various stakeholders have a strong interest in determining the associations between cannabis use and important outcomes. The present study sought to quantify the association between indicators of cannabis use and the experience of cannabis-related negative consequences. We found 19 unique studies that examined the associations between cannabis use and negative consequences as measured by 1 of 4 measures: the Marijuana Problems Scale, the Rutgers Marijuana Problem Index, the Cannabis Problems Questionnaire, or the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire. We used random effects meta-analytic techniques to estimate the average strength of association between cannabis use and negative consequences, determine the level of heterogeneity in effect sizes, and examine possible moderators of these associations (measure of consequences, gender/sex distribution). We found that cannabis use had a medium-sized association with consequences, rw = .367, with high levels of heterogeneity that depended to some extent on the specific consequence measure used. Similar to a meta-analytic integration of the alcohol use-consequences association, we found that most of the variance in cannabis-related negative consequences was not explained by any single indicator of cannabis use, pointing to the fact that additional factors need to be examined to explain the experience of negative consequences from cannabis use and that additional indicators of cannabis use may be needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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26
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Wallace GT, Conner BT, Shillington AM. Using Classification Trees to Examine Predictors of Marijuana Use Among a Wide Range of Variables. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1799-1811. [PMID: 31076003 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1611855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Young adults have elevated risk for negative marijuana use-related outcomes, and there is heterogeneity among users. Identifying risk factors for marijuana user status will improve understanding of different populations of users, which may inform prediction of individuals most likely to experience negative outcomes. Objectives: To identify predictors of marijuana use initiation in young adults. We simultaneously examined a broad range of potential predictors and all their possible interactions, including constructs that have not been previously studied in substance use initiation research. Methods: Data were repeated cross-sectional survey responses from college students in Colorado (N = 4052, 77% White, 61% female, mean age = 22.77). Measures came from the National College Health Assessment, which assesses numerous health and behavioral constructs. We used recursive partitioning and random forest models to identify predictors of ever having used marijuana out of 206 variables. Results: Classification trees identified engagement in increased alcohol use and sexual behavior as salient correlates of marijuana use initiation. Parsimonious recursive partitioning trees explained a substantial amount of variability in marijuana user status (39% in the full model and 24% when alcohol variables were excluded). Random forest models predicted user status with 74.11% and 66.91% accuracy in the full model and when alcohol variables were excluded, respectively. Conclusions: Results support the use of exploratory analyses to explain heterogeneity among marijuana users and non-users. Since engagement in other health-risk behaviors were salient predictors of use initiation, prevention efforts to reduce harm from marijuana use may benefit from targeting risk factors for health-risk behaviors in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma T Wallace
- a Department of Psychology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Bradley T Conner
- a Department of Psychology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Audrey M Shillington
- b School of Social Work , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
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27
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Buckner JD, Walukevich KA, Lewis EM. Cannabis use motives on weekends versus weekdays: Direct and indirect relations with cannabis use and related problems. Addict Behav 2019; 88:56-60. [PMID: 30142485 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
College cannabis users report using more cannabis during the weekend than on weekdays, yet little attention has been paid to the role of weekend and weekday-specific motives for use. The present investigation evaluated the impact of weekend and weekday-specific cannabis motives on cannabis use and related problems among current (past-3 month) cannabis using undergraduates (N = 276). Participants reported more cannabis use motives during the weekend than weekday. Enhancement and social motives were greater than coping, conformity, and expansion motives during weekends. Enhancement and conformity motives were indirectly related to problems via cannabis use frequency for both weekdays and weekends. Yet social, coping, and expansion motives were indirectly related to problems via cannabis use frequency for only weekdays. Findings support the differential impact of weekend and weekday-specific motives on cannabis use and related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Katherine A Walukevich
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Does social context matter? An ecological momentary assessment study of marijuana use among college students. Addict Behav 2018; 83:154-159. [PMID: 29329753 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Past research has shown that marijuana use occurs commonly in social situations for young adults, though few studies have examined the association between immediate social context and marijuana use patterns and associated problems. The current study examined the impact of demographics, marijuana use and problem use, alcohol use, craving, and social context on the likelihood of using marijuana with others via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). METHODS College-student marijuana users (N=56) were recruited and completed a baseline assessment and training on the two-week signal-contingent EMA protocol. Participants were sent text messages three times per day randomly for two weeks. RESULTS Of the 1131 EMA instances during which participants reported using marijuana, 862 (76.22%) were labeled as being with others. Forty-five participants (80.36%) reported marijuana use with others present during at least half of the times they used marijuana. Findings from a multilevel logistic regression model showed a significant positive association between the probability of using with others and minutes spent using marijuana (b=0.047, p<0.001), social facilitation (b=0.138, p<0.001), and DSM-IV diagnosis (dependence versus no diagnosis, b=1.350, p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis dependence, more time using marijuana in the moment, and using for social facilitation purposes were positively associated with using marijuana in the context of being with others. Daily users had more variability in terms of the social context of their use. This study illustrates the complex relationship between social context and marijuana use.
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Halladay J, Petker T, Fein A, Munn C, MacKillop J. Brief interventions for cannabis use in emerging adults: protocol for a systematic review, meta-analysis, and evidence map. Syst Rev 2018; 7:106. [PMID: 30045752 PMCID: PMC6060526 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of cannabis use are highest during emerging adulthood (age 18-25), with the prevalence of near daily and daily increasing among this age group. Emerging adults are clinically challenging in terms of harmful cannabis use due to perceptions of high rates of peer use, social acceptance, and low risk of harm. Brief interventions to increase awareness and promote motivation to change are therefore particularly important for this age group. There is existing evidence on the effectiveness of brief interventions for alcohol in emerging adults, but it is not clear if comparable evidence is present for cannabis. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize and critically appraise the existing literature of brief interventions for cannabis use both narratively, to describe the content and delivery of existing interventions, and meta-analytically, to determine the aggregated efficacy of these interventions on cannabis use and other outcomes (e.g., other substance use, mental health, help-seeking behaviors, and academic and occupational outcomes). METHODS A systematic search of randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental trials, and pre-post designs will be conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycINFO. Ongoing trials will be identified using the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Current Controlled Trials. Unpublished trials will be identified using Proquest Dissertations, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and brief interventions on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration webpage. Two authors will independently screen and extract data from articles using a predetermined screening and extraction forms (which will include risk of bias assessments). Calibration exercises will be performed prior to full screening and extraction. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. All studies will be reported narratively, and if appropriate, we will perform random effects meta-analyses with subgroup analyses and meta-regression. DISCUSSION Results of this review are expected to provide guidance on the content, delivery methods, and effectiveness of brief interventions for cannabis use to assist post-secondary institutions in identifying brief intervention strategies to implement prior to or in response to legalization. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42018085412.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Halladay
- Department of Health Research, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Michael G. De Groote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Tashia Petker
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Allan Fein
- Michael G. De Groote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Catharine Munn
- Michael G. De Groote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Michael G. De Groote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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Frohe T, Leeman RF, Patock-Peckham J, Ecker A, Kraus S, Foster DW. Correlates of cannabis vape-pen use and knowledge among U.S. college students. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:32-39. [PMID: 29450254 PMCID: PMC5805498 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proliferation of electronic devices, such as vape-pens, has provided alternative means for cannabis use. Research has found cannabis-vaping (i.e., vape-pen use) is associated with lower perceived risks and higher cannabis use. Knowledge of these products may increase likelihood of subsequent use. As policies for cannabis shift, beliefs that peers and family approve of this substance use (injunctive norms) increase and there has been an increase in vape-pen use among young adults (18-35 year olds); however, correlates thereof remain unknown. Young adults often engage in cross-substance use with cannabis and alcohol, making alcohol a potential correlate of cannabis vape-pen use and knowledge. Therefore, we examined alcohol use and other potential correlates of vape-pen use and knowledge among a sample of university students. METHODS This secondary data analysis utilized surveys at multiple colleges in the U.S. (N = 270). Alcohol use, social anxiety, cannabis expectancies, injunctive and descriptive norms and facets of impulsivity were examined as correlates of vape-pen use and knowledge using bivariate correlations and logistic regressions. RESULTS Alcohol use was correlated with cannabis vape-pen use and knowledge. Frequency of cannabis use, peer injunctive norms, and positive expectancies were associated with increased likelihood of vape-pen use. Lack of premeditation, a facet of impulsivity, was associated with cannabis vape-pen knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Given the unknown nature and consequences of cannabis vape-pens, the present findings offer valuable information on correlates of this behavior. Further, correlates of knowledge of vape-pens may point to areas for education and clinical intervention to prevent heavy cannabis vape-pen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Frohe
- University of Florida, Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Robert F. Leeman
- University of Florida, Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Julie Patock-Peckham
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, 950 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Anthony Ecker
- South Central MIRECC, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shane Kraus
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Dawn W. Foster
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Shrier LA, Burke PJ, Kells M, Scherer EA, Sarda V, Jonestrask C, Xuan Z, Harris SK. Pilot randomized trial of MOMENT, a motivational counseling-plus-ecological momentary intervention to reduce marijuana use in youth. Mhealth 2018; 4:29. [PMID: 30148142 PMCID: PMC6087802 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2018.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) influence behavior in real time, in real life. We evaluated trial feasibility and preliminary efficacy of MOMENT, a counseling-plus-EMI to reduce frequent marijuana use in youth in primary care. METHODS Primary care patients age 15-24 years using marijuana at least 3 times/week were randomized to MOMENT [motivational enhancement therapy (MET)/smartphone-based momentary assessment/responsive motivational messaging] vs. No-messages (MET/momentary assessment) vs. MET-only. In MOMENT, two MET sessions were followed by 2 weeks of momentary assessment of marijuana use and factors related to use, with motivational messaging displayed after report of marijuana triggers, desire, use, and effort to avoid use. We evaluated study feasibility (recruitment, retention, and response rates; feedback survey responses) and explored intervention effects on marijuana desire and use at three months with linear mixed effects modeling. RESULTS Seventy youth [mean (M) =20.7 years, 60% female] were assigned to MOMENT (n=27), No-messages (n=15; assignment suspended to enrich other arms), or MET-only (n=28). Most attrition occurred during baseline, before MET. Of those completing MET session 1, 82% completed their assigned treatment and 79% provided 3-month data. Participants highly rated acceptability; comments reflected changing motivation and behavior. Across arms, participants reported significantly lower marijuana use, desire, and problems at follow-up vs. baseline. Momentary marijuana desire declined more in MOMENT vs. MET-only. Marijuana use following a targeted context or behavior was less likely in MOMENT and No-messages, vs. MET-only. CONCLUSIONS The MOMENT intervention is feasible to deliver, acceptable, and potentially efficacious in reducing marijuana desire and use among adolescent and young adults in primary care. A larger randomized trial to evaluate efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Shrier
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela J. Burke
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Nursing, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meredith Kells
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily A. Scherer
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Vishnudas Sarda
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassandra Jonestrask
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Phillips KT, Lalonde TL, Phillips MM, Schneider MM. Marijuana use and associated motives in Colorado university students. Am J Addict 2017; 26:830-837. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina T. Phillips
- School of Psychological Sciences; University of Northern Colorado; Greeley Colorado
| | - Trent L. Lalonde
- Department of Applied Statistics and Research Methods; University of Northern Colorado; Greeley Colorado
| | - Michael M. Phillips
- School of Psychological Sciences; University of Northern Colorado; Greeley Colorado
| | - Maryia M. Schneider
- Department of School Psychology; University of Northern Colorado; Greeley Colorado
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Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Marijuana and Alcohol Use as Predictors of Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Analysis Among Youth in the COMPASS Study. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:310-318. [PMID: 28382670 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the effect of initiating marijuana and alcohol use at varying frequencies on academic indices. METHODS In a sample of 26,475 grade 9-12 students with at least 2 years of linked longitudinal data from year 1 (Y1: 2012-2013), year 2 (Y2: 2013-2014), and year 3 (Y3: 2014-2015) of the COMPASS study, separate multinomial generalized estimating equations models tested the likelihood of responses to measures of academic goals, engagement, preparedness, and performance when shifting from never using alcohol or marijuana at baseline to using them at varying frequencies at follow -up. RESULTS Students who began using alcohol or marijuana were less likely to attend class regularly, complete their homework, achieve high marks, and value good grades, relative to their abstaining peers. Changing from abstaining to rare/sporadic-to-weekly drinking or rare/sporadic marijuana use predicted aspirations to continue to all levels of higher education, and initiating weekly marijuana use increased the likelihood of college ambitions, while more regular marijuana use reduced the likelihood of wanting to pursue graduate/professional degrees, over high school. CONCLUSIONS The importance of delaying or preventing substance use is evident in associations with student performance and engagement. The influence on academic goals varied by substance and frequency of initiated use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, LHS 1628, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, LHS 1618C, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, LHS 1617, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Suerken CK, Reboussin BA, Egan KL, Sutfin EL, Wagoner KG, Spangler J, Wolfson M. Marijuana use trajectories and academic outcomes among college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 162:137-45. [PMID: 27020322 PMCID: PMC4835174 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug by college students. Prior studies have established an association between marijuana use and poor academic performance in college, but research on the frequency of marijuana use over the entire college career is limited. The study objective was to examine the association of marijuana use trajectories on academic outcomes, including senior year enrollment, plans to graduate on time, and GPA. METHODS Data were collected from a cohort of 3146 students from 11 colleges in North Carolina and Virginia at six time points across the college career. Group-based trajectory models were used to characterize longitudinal marijuana use patterns during college. Associations between marijuana trajectory groups and academic outcomes were modeled using random-effects linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Five marijuana trajectory groups were identified: non-users (69.0%), infrequent users (16.6%), decreasing users (4.7%), increasing users (5.8%), and frequent users (3.9%). Decreasing users and frequent users were more likely to drop out of college and plan to delay graduation when compared to non-users. All marijuana user groups reported lower GPAs, on average, than non-users. CONCLUSION These results identify marijuana use patterns that put students at risk for poor academic performance in college. Students who use marijuana frequently at the beginning of the college career are especially at risk for lower academic achievement than non-users, suggesting that early intervention is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Suerken
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Kathleen L Egan
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Erin L Sutfin
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Kimberly G Wagoner
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - John Spangler
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Mark Wolfson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
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Pike JR, Xie B, Tan N, Sabado-Liwag MD, Orne A, Toilolo T, Cen S, May V, Lee C, Pang VK, Rainer MA, Vaivao DES, Lepule JT, Tanjasiri SP, Palmer PH. Developing an Internet- and Mobile-Based System to Measure Cigarette Use Among Pacific Islanders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e2. [PMID: 26743132 PMCID: PMC4722229 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent prevalence data indicates that Pacific Islanders living in the United States have disproportionately high smoking rates when compared to the general populace. However, little is known about the factors contributing to tobacco use in this at-risk population. Moreover, few studies have attempted to determine these factors utilizing technology-based assessment techniques. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop a customized Internet-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) system capable of measuring cigarette use among Pacific Islanders in Southern California. This system integrated the ubiquity of text messaging, the ease of use associated with mobile phone apps, the enhanced functionality offered by Internet-based Cell phone-optimized Assessment Techniques (ICAT), and the high survey completion rates exhibited by EMA studies that used electronic diaries. These features were tested in a feasibility study designed to assess whether Pacific Islanders would respond to this method of measurement and whether the data gathered would lead to novel insights regarding the intrapersonal, social, and ecological factors associated with cigarette use. METHODS 20 young adult smokers in Southern California who self-identified as Pacific Islanders were recruited by 5 community-based organizations to take part in a 7-day EMA study. Participants selected six consecutive two-hour time blocks per day during which they would be willing to receive a text message linking them to an online survey formatted for Web-enabled mobile phones. Both automated reminders and community coaches were used to facilitate survey completion. RESULTS 720 surveys were completed from 840 survey time blocks, representing a completion rate of 86%. After adjusting for gender, age, and nicotine dependence, feeling happy (P=<.001) or wanting a cigarette while drinking alcohol (P=<.001) were positively associated with cigarette use. Being at home (P=.02) or being around people who are not smoking (P=.01) were negatively associated with cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS The results of the feasibility study indicate that customized systems can be used to conduct technology-based assessments of tobacco use among Pacific Islanders. Such systems can foster high levels of survey completion and may lead to novel insights for future research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Russell Pike
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States.
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