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Jouybari MT, Mojtahedi F, Babaahmadi M, Faeed M, Eslaminejad MB, Taghiyar L. Advancements in extracellular vesicle targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: insights into cellular origins, current perspectives, and emerging challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:276. [PMID: 39227964 PMCID: PMC11373471 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a challenging chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation and damage. While modern regenerative strategies, encompassing cell/stem cell-based therapies, gene therapy, and tissue engineering, have advanced tissue repair efforts, a definitive cure for RA remains elusive. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing targeted therapies that directly address the underlying mechanisms driving RA pathogenesis, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles can modulate immune responses within the inflammatory microenvironment of damaged cartilage. To launch the clinical potential of EVs, they can be isolated from various cell types through several techniques. EVs can carry various bioactive molecules and anti-inflammatory or pro-regenerative drugs, deliver them directly to the affected joints, and affect the behavior of injured cells, making them a compelling choice for targeted therapy and drug delivery in RA patients. However, there are still several challenges and limitations associated with EV-based therapy, including the absence of standardized protocols for EV isolation, characterization, and delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular sources of EVs in RA and delves into their therapeutic potential and the hurdles they must overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Talebi Jouybari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mojtahedi
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Babaahmadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Maryam Faeed
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Costa-Ferro ZSM, Rocha GV, da Silva KN, Paredes BD, Loiola EC, Silva JD, Santos JLDS, Dias RB, Figueira CP, de Oliveira CI, de Moura LD, Ribeiro LNDM, de Paula E, Zanette DL, Rocha CAG, Rocco PRM, Souza BSDF. GMP-compliant extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells: manufacturing and pre-clinical evaluation in ARDS treatment. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1013-1025. [PMID: 38762805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new axis of intercellular communication that can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, as cell-free therapies. The clinical application of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs, however, is still in its infancy and faces many challenges. The heterogeneity inherent to MSCs, differences among donors, tissue sources, and variations in manufacturing conditions may influence the release of EVs and their cargo, thus potentially affecting the quality and consistency of the final product. We investigated the influence of cell culture and conditioned medium harvesting conditions on the physicochemical and proteomic profile of human umbilical cord MSC-derived EVs (hUCMSC-EVs) produced under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards. We also evaluated the efficiency of the protocol in terms of yield, purity, productivity, and expression of surface markers, and assessed the biodistribution, toxicity and potential efficacy of hUCMSC-EVs in pre-clinical studies using the LPS-induced acute lung injury model. METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from a cord tissue, cultured, cryopreserved, and characterized at a cGMP facility. The conditioned medium was harvested at 24, 48, and 72 h after the addition of EV collection medium. Three conventional methods (nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoflow cytometry) and mass spectrometry were used to characterize hUCMSC-EVs. Safety (toxicity of single and repeated doses) and biodistribution were evaluated in naive mice after intravenous administration of the product. Efficacy was evaluated in an LPS-induced acute lung injury model. RESULTS hUCMSC-EVs were successfully isolated using a cGMP-compliant protocol. Comparison of hUCMSC-EVs purified from multiple harvests revealed progressive EV productivity and slight changes in the proteomic profile, presenting higher homogeneity at later timepoints of conditioned medium harvesting. Pooled hUCMSC-EVs showed a non-toxic profile after single and repeated intravenous administration to naive mice. Biodistribution studies demonstrated a major concentration in liver, spleen and lungs. HUCMSC-EVs reduced lung damage and inflammation in a model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. CONCLUSIONS hUCMSC-EVs were successfully obtained following a cGMP-compliant protocol, with consistent characteristics and pre-clinical safety profile, supporting their future clinical development as cell-free therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaquer Suzana Munhoz Costa-Ferro
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gisele Vieira Rocha
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Katia Nunes da Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Diaz Paredes
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Erick Correia Loiola
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSaúde, Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John Lenon de Souza Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rosane Borges Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clarissa Araújo Gurgel Rocha
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSaúde, Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil.
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3
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Mazzini L, De Marchi F, Buzanska L, Follenzi A, Glover JC, Gelati M, Lombardi I, Maioli M, Mesa-Herrera F, Mitrečić D, Olgasi C, Pivoriūnas A, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Sgromo C, Zychowicz M, Vescovi A, Ferrari D. Current status and new avenues of stem cell-based preclinical and therapeutic approaches in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39162129 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2392307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell therapy development represents a critical challenge in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research. Despite more than 20 years of basic and clinical research, no definitive safety and efficacy results of cell-based therapies for ALS have been published. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes advances using stem cells (SCs) in pre-clinical studies to promote clinical translation and in clinical trials to treat ALS. New technologies have been developed and new experimental in vitro and animal models are now available to facilitate pre-clinical research in this field and to determine the most promising approaches to pursue in patients. New clinical trial designs aimed at developing personalized SC-based treatment with biological endpoints are being defined. EXPERT OPINION Knowledge of the basic biology of ALS and on the use of SCs to study and potentially treat ALS continues to grow. However, a consensus has yet to emerge on how best to translate these results into therapeutic applications. The selection and follow-up of patients should be based on clinical, biological, and molecular criteria. Planning of SC-based clinical trials should be coordinated with patient profiling genetically and molecularly to achieve personalized treatment. Much work within basic and clinical research is still needed to successfully transition SC therapy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca Innovazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Joel Clinton Glover
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital; Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Unità Produttiva per Terapie Avanzate (UPTA), IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ivan Lombardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming-CEDEBIOR, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatima Mesa-Herrera
- Reprogramming and Neural Regeneration Lab, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research and Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- Reprogramming and Neural Regeneration Lab, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbaske, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Chiara Sgromo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marzena Zychowicz
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelo Vescovi
- Unità Produttiva per Terapie Avanzate (UPTA), IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Simon L, Constanzo J, Terraza-Aguirre C, Ibn Elfekih Z, Berthelot J, Benkhaled BT, Haute T, Pednekar K, Clark K, Emerson SJ, Atis S, Benedetti C, Langlois S, Marquant A, Prakash J, Wang A, Devoisselle JM, Montier T, Djouad F, Pouget JP, Lapinte V, Morille M. Surface modification of extracellular vesicles with polyoxazolines to enhance their plasma stability and tumor accumulation. Biomaterials 2024; 313:122748. [PMID: 39180918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are future promising therapeutics, but their instability in vivo after administration remains an important barrier to their further development. Many groups evaluated EV surface modification strategies to add a targeting group with the aim of controlling EV biodistribution. Conversely, fewer groups focused on their stabilization to obtain "stealth" allogenic EVs. Modulating their stabilization and biodistribution is an essential prerequisite for their development as nano-therapeutics. Here, we explored polyoxazolines with lipid anchors association to the EV membrane (POxylation as an alternative to PEGylation) to stabilize EVs in plasma and control their biodistribution, while preserving their native properties. We found that this modification maintained and seemed to potentiate the immunomodulatory properties of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). Using a radiolabeling protocol to track EVs at a therapeutically relevant concentration in vivo, we demonstrated that POxylation is a promising option to stabilize EVs in plasma because it increased EV half-life by 6 fold at 6 h post-injection. Moreover, EV accumulation in tumors was higher after POxylation than after PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Simon
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - J Constanzo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Z Ibn Elfekih
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - J Berthelot
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - B T Benkhaled
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - T Haute
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - K Pednekar
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - K Clark
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Deparment of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children's Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - S J Emerson
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Deparment of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children's Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - S Atis
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - C Benedetti
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - S Langlois
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - A Marquant
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - J Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - A Wang
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Deparment of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children's Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J M Devoisselle
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - T Montier
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France; CHU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de La Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Maladies Neuromusculaires, 29200, Brest, France
| | - F Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295, Montpellier, France; Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - J P Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - V Lapinte
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Morille
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Kong Q, He H, Sun J, Qiu W, Zhang L, Yang M. Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401069. [PMID: 38874129 PMCID: PMC11321646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state-of-the-art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non-microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting-edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic SurgeryDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalian116033P. R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Wenting Qiu
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
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Pei J, Palanisamy CP, Jayaraman S, Natarajan PM, Umapathy VR, Roy JR, Thalamati D, Ahalliya RM, Kanniappan GV, Mironescu M. Proteomics profiling of extracellular vesicle for identification of potential biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102359. [PMID: 38821418 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The intricate origins and diverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pose significant challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Exosomes and microvesicles, which carry disease-specific cargo from a variety of central nervous system cell types, have emerged as promising reservoirs of biomarkers for AD. Research on the screening of possible biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease using proteomic profiling of EVs is systematically reviewed in this comprehensive review. We highlight key methodologies employed in EV isolation, characterization, and proteomic analysis, elucidating their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we summarize the evolving landscape of EV-associated biomarkers implicated in AD pathogenesis, including proteins involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal injury. The literature review highlights the necessity for robust validation strategies and standardized protocols to effectively transition EV-based biomarkers into clinical use. In the concluding section, this review delves into potential future avenues and technological advancements pivotal in crafting EV-derived biomarkers applicable to AD diagnostics and prognostics. This review contributes to our comprehension of AD pathology and the advancement of precision medicine in neurodegenerative diseases, hinting at a promising era in AD precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences and Research, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600 107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | | | - Rathi Muthaiyan Ahalliya
- Department of Biochemistry, FASCM, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India
| | | | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Research Center in Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 7-9 Ioan Ratiu Street, Sibiu 550024, Romania.
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7
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Stawarska A, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Runden-Pran E, Dusinska M, Cimpan MR, Rios-Mondragon I, Grudzinski IP. Extracellular Vesicles as Next-Generation Diagnostics and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6533. [PMID: 38928240 PMCID: PMC11204223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise for clinical application as new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This paper describes major GMP-based upstream and downstream manufacturing processes for EV large-scale production, also focusing on post-processing technologies such as surface bioengineering and uploading studies to yield novel EV-based diagnostics and advanced therapy medicinal products. This paper also focuses on the quality, safety, and efficacy issues of the bioengineered EV drug candidates before first-in-human studies. Because clinical trials involving extracellular vesicles are on the global rise, this paper encompasses different clinical studies registered on clinical-trial register platforms, with varying levels of advancement, highlighting the growing interest in EV-related clinical programs. Navigating the regulatory affairs of EVs poses real challenges, and obtaining marketing authorization for EV-based medicines remains complex due to the lack of specific regulatory guidelines for such novel products. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art regulatory knowledge to date on EV-based diagnostics and medicinal products, highlighting further research and global regulatory needs for the safe and reliable implementation of bioengineered EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical settings. Post-marketing pharmacovigilance for EV-based medicinal products is also presented, mainly addressing such topics as risk assessment and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (I.P.G.)
| | - Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (I.P.G.)
| | - Elise Runden-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Biomaterials—Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien Str. 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.R.C.); (I.R.-M.)
| | - Ivan Rios-Mondragon
- Biomaterials—Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien Str. 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.R.C.); (I.R.-M.)
| | - Ireneusz P. Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (I.P.G.)
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8
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Shimizu Y, Ntege EH, Inoue Y, Matsuura N, Sunami H, Sowa Y. Optimizing mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles for chronic wound healing: Bioengineering, standardization, and safety. Regen Ther 2024; 26:260-274. [PMID: 38978963 PMCID: PMC11228664 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a significant global burden, afflicting millions with debilitating complications. Despite standard care, impaired healing persists due to factors like persistent inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer an innovative regenerative medicine approach, delivering stem cell-derived therapeutic cargo in engineered nanoscale delivery systems. This review examines pioneering bioengineering strategies to engineer MSC-EVs into precision nanotherapeutics for chronic wounds. Emerging technologies like CRISPR gene editing, microfluidic manufacturing, and biomimetic delivery systems are highlighted for their potential to enhance MSC-EV targeting, optimize therapeutic cargo enrichment, and ensure consistent clinical-grade production. However, key hurdles remain, including batch variability, rigorous safety assessment for potential tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and biodistribution profiling. Crucially, collaborative frameworks harmonizing regulatory science with bioengineering and patient advocacy hold the key to expediting global clinical translation. By overcoming these challenges, engineered MSC-EVs could catalyze a new era of off-the-shelf regenerative therapies, restoring hope and healing for millions afflicted by non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Edward Hosea Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
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9
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Sitbon A, Delmotte PR, Pistorio V, Halter S, Gallet J, Gautheron J, Monsel A. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapy openings new translational challenges in immunomodulating acute liver inflammation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:480. [PMID: 38773651 PMCID: PMC11106935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in conditions such as acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury. Various pathogenic pathways contribute to liver inflammation, involving inflammatory polarization of macrophages and Küpffer cells, neutrophil infiltration, dysregulation of T cell subsets, oxidative stress, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. While mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated beneficial properties, their clinical translation is limited by their cellular nature. However, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for immunomodulation. MSC-EVs naturally mirror their parental cell properties, overcoming the limitations associated with the use of MSCs. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs replicate the beneficial effects of MSCs in liver injury. This includes the reduction of cell death and oxidative stress, improvement of hepatocyte function, induction of immunomodulatory effects, and mitigation of cytokine storm. Nevertheless, MSC-EVs face challenges regarding the necessity of defining consistent isolation methods, optimizing MSCs culture conditions, and establishing quality control measures for EV characterization and functional assessment. By establishing standardized protocols, guidelines, and affordable cost mass production, clinicians and researchers will have a solid foundation to conduct further studies, validate the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs, and ultimately pave the way for their clinical implementation in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sitbon
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Romain Delmotte
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valéria Pistorio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Halter
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Gallet
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), 75013, Paris, France
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10
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Li S, Li W, Wu X, Zhang B, Liu L, Yin L. Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles for precision therapy of inflammatory-related diseases. J Control Release 2024; 368:533-547. [PMID: 38462043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation-related diseases impose a significant global health burden, necessitating urgent exploration of novel treatment modalities for improved clinical outcomes. We begin by discussing the limitations of conventional approaches and underscore the pivotal involvement of immune cells in the inflammatory process. Amidst the rapid growth of immunology, the therapeutic potential of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has garnered substantial attention due to their capacity to modulate inflammatory response. We provide an in-depth examination of immune cell-derived EVs, delineating their promising roles across diverse disease conditions in both preclinical and clinical settings. Additionally, to direct the development of the next-generation drug delivery systems, we comprehensively investigate the engineered EVs on their advanced isolation methods, cargo loading techniques, and innovative engineering strategies. This review ends with a focus on the prevailing challenges and considerations regarding the clinical translation of EVs in future, emphasizing the need of standardized characterization and scalable production processes. Ultimately, immune cell-derived EVs represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach and delivery platform, holding immense promise in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianggui Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Beiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Yi W, Xue Y, Qing W, Cao Y, Zhou L, Xu M, Sun Z, Li Y, Mai X, Shi L, He C, Zhang F, Duh EJ, Cao Y, Liu X. Effective treatment of optic neuropathies by intraocular delivery of MSC-sEVs through augmenting the G-CSF-macrophage pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305947121. [PMID: 38289952 PMCID: PMC10861878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305947121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies, characterized by injury of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons of the optic nerve, cause incurable blindness worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) represent a promising "cell-free" therapy for regenerative medicine; however, the therapeutic effect on neural restoration fluctuates, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we illustrated that intraocular administration of MSC-sEVs promoted both RGC survival and axon regeneration in an optic nerve crush mouse model. Mechanistically, MSC-sEVs primarily targeted retinal mural cells to release high levels of colony-stimulating factor 3 (G-CSF) that recruited a neural restorative population of Ly6Clow monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo/MΦ). Intravitreal administration of G-CSF, a clinically proven agent for treating neutropenia, or donor Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ markedly improved neurological outcomes in vivo. Together, our data define a unique mechanism of MSC-sEV-induced G-CSF-to-Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ signaling in repairing optic nerve injury and highlight local delivery of MSC-sEVs, G-CSF, and Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ as therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Mingming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Elia J. Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Basak M, Narisepalli S, Salunkhe SA, Tiwari S, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Macrophage derived Exosomal Docetaxel (Exo-DTX) for pro-metastasis suppression: QbD driven formulation development, validation, in-vitro and pharmacokinetic investigation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114175. [PMID: 38185191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, biogenic nano-vesicles, are renowned for their ability to encapsulate diverse payloads, however the systematic development and validation of exosomal formulation with significant biological implications have been overlooked. Herein, we developed and validated Exo-DTX, a QbD-driven optimized RAW 264.7 cell derived exosomal anti-cancer formulation of docetaxel (DTX) and evaluate its anti-metastatic and apoptotic efficacy in TNBC 4T1 cells. RAW264.7-derived exosomes were having particle size (112.5 ± 21.48 nm) and zeta-potential (-10.268 ± 3.66 mV) with polydispersity (PDI:0.256 ± 0.03). The statistical optimization of exosomes (200 μg) with Exo: DTX ratio 4:1 confirmed encapsulation of 23.60 ± 1.54 ng DTX/ µg exosomes. Exo-DTX (∼189 nm, -11.03 mV) with 100 ng/ml DTX as payload exhibited ∼5 folds' improvement in IC50 of DTX and distinct cytoskeletal deformation in TNBC 4T1 cells. It also has shown enormous Filamentous actin (F-actin) degradation and triggered apoptosis explained Exo-DTX's effective anti-migratory impact with just 2.6 ± 6.33 % wound closure and 4.56 ± 1.38 % invasion. The western blot confirmed that Exo-DTX downregulated migratory protein EGFR and β1-integrin but raised cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 (CC3/C3) ratio and BAX/BCL-2 ratio by about 2.70 and 4.04 folds respectively. The naive RAW 264.7 exosomes also contributed positively towards the effect of Exo-DTX formulation by suppressing β1-integrin expression and increasing the CC3/C3 ratio in TNBC 4T1 cells as well. Additionally, significant improvement in PK parameters of Exo-DTX was observed in comparison to Taxotere, 6-folds and 3.04-folds improved t1/2 and Vd, proving the translational value of Exo-DTX formulation. Thus, the Exo-DTX so formulated proved beneficial in controlling the aggressiveness of TNBC wherein, naive exosomes also demonstrated beneficial synergistic anti-proliferative effect in 4T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Basak
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Saibhargav Narisepalli
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shubham A Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology Division, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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St‐Denis‐Bissonnette F, Cummings SE, Qiu S, Stalker A, Muradia G, Mehic J, Mediratta K, Kaczmarek S, Burger D, Lee S, Wang L, Lavoie JR. A clinically relevant large-scale biomanufacturing workflow to produce natural killer cells and natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles for cancer immunotherapy. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12387. [PMID: 38054534 PMCID: PMC10698709 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NK-EVs) have shown promising potential as biotherapeutics for cancer due to their unique attributes as cytotoxic nanovesicles against cancer cells and immune-modulatory activity towards immune cells. However, a biomanufacturing workflow is needed to produce clinical-grade NK-EVs for pre-clinical and clinical applications. This study established a novel biomanufacturing workflow using a closed-loop hollow-fibre bioreactor to continuously produce NK-EVs from the clinically relevant NK92-MI cell line under serum-free, Xeno-free and feeder-free conditions following GMP-compliant conditions. The NK92 cells grown in the bioreactor for three continuous production lots resulted in large quantities of both NK cell and NK-EV biotherapeutics at the end of each production lot (over 109 viable cells and 1013 EVs), while retaining their cytotoxic payload (granzyme B and perforin), pro-inflammatory cytokine (interferon-gamma) content and cytotoxicity against the human leukemic cell line K562 with limited off-target toxicity against healthy human fibroblast cells. This scalable biomanufacturing workflow has the potential to facilitate the clinical translation of adoptive NK cell-based and NK-EV-based immunotherapies for cancer with GMP considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic St‐Denis‐Bissonnette
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sarah E. Cummings
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Shirley Qiu
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Jelica Mehic
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Karan Mediratta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Shelby Kaczmarek
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Seung‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - Jessie R. Lavoie
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs DirectorateHealth Products and Food Branch, Health CanadaOttawaONCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
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15
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Hernando S, Santos-Vizcaíno E, Igartua M, Hernandez RM. Targeting the central nervous system: From synthetic nanoparticles to extracellular vesicles-Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1898. [PMID: 37157144 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are an accelerating global health problem as life expectancy rises worldwide. Despite their significant burden in public health systems to date, the existing treatments only manage the symptoms without slowing down disease progression. Thus, the ongoing neurodegenerative process remains untreated. Moreover, the stronghold of the brain-the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-prevents drug penetrance and dwindles effective treatments. In the last years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have become a promising approach to target and treat these disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). PLGA based nanoparticles (NPs) were the first employed DDS for effective drug delivery. However, the poor drug loading capacity and localized immunogenicity prompted the scientific community to move to another DDS such as lipid-based NPs. Despite the lipid NPs' safety and effectiveness, their off-target accumulation together with the denominated CARPA (complement activation-related pseudo allergy) reaction has limited their complete clinical translation. Recently, biological NPs naturally secreted by cells, termed as extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In addition, EVs act as dual players in NDs treatment, as a "cell free" therapy themselves, as well as new biological NPs with numerous characteristics that qualify them as promising carriers over synthetic DDS. The present review aims to display advantages, drawbacks, current limitations and future prospective of the previously cited synthetic and biological DDS to enter the brain and treat one of 21st century most challenging diseases, NDs. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaíno
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
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16
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Li CY, Liu SP, Dai XF, Lan DF, Song T, Wang XY, Kong QH, Tan J, Zhang JD. The emerging role of exosomes in the development of testicular. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:547-555. [PMID: 37040218 PMCID: PMC10521952 DOI: 10.4103/aja2022126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of testicular development in mammals are complex. Testis is an organ that produces sperm and secretes androgens. It is rich in exosomes and cytokines that mediate signal transduction between tubule germ cells and distal cells, promoting testicular development and spermatogenesis. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that transmit information between cells. By transmitting information, exosomes play an important role in male infertility diseases such as azoospermia, varicocele, and testicular torsion. However, due to the wide range of sources of exosomes, extraction methods are numerous and complex. Therefore, there are many difficulties in studying the mechanisms of exosomal effects on normal development and male infertility. Therefore, in this review, first, we introduce the formation of exosomes and methods for culturing testis and sperm. Then, we introduce the effects of exosomes on different stages of testicular development. Finally, we summarize the prospects and shortcomings of exosomes when used in clinical applications. We lay the theoretical foundation for the mechanism of the influence of exosomes on normal development and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Song-Po Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Dai
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dong-Feng Lan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xian-Yao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qing-Hong Kong
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ji-Dong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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17
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Zhang W, Wang T, Xue Y, Zhan B, Lai Z, Huang W, Peng X, Zhou Y. Research progress of extracellular vesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238789. [PMID: 37646039 PMCID: PMC10461809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and exosomes can significantly improve the curative effect of oxidative stress-related diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles and exosomes (MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos) are rich in bioactive molecules and have many biological regulatory functions. In this review, we describe how MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos reduce the related markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in various systemic diseases, and the molecular mechanism of MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos in treating apoptosis and vascular injury induced by oxidative stress. The results of a large number of experimental studies have shown that both local and systemic administration can effectively inhibit the oxidative stress response in diseases and promote the survival and regeneration of damaged parenchymal cells. The mRNA and miRNAs in MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos are the most important bioactive molecules in disease treatment, which can inhibit the apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress of lung, heart, kidney, liver, bone, skin and other cells, and promote their survive and regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanye Xue
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingbing Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zengjie Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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18
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Dominguez JH, Xie D, Kelly KJ. Renal, but not platelet or skin, extracellular vesicles decrease oxidative stress, enhance nascent peptide synthesis, and protect from ischemic renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F164-F176. [PMID: 37318988 PMCID: PMC10393335 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00321.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is deadly and expensive, and specific, effective therapy remains a large unmet need. We have demonstrated the beneficial effects of transplanted adult tubular cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs; exosomes) derived from those renal cells on experimental ischemic AKI, even when administered after renal failure is established. To further examine the mechanisms of benefit with renal EVs, we tested the hypothesis that EVs from other epithelia or platelets (a rich source of EVs) might be protective, using a well-characterized ischemia-reperfusion model. When given after renal failure was present, renal EVs, but not those from skin or platelets, markedly improved renal function and histology. The differential effects allowed us to examine the mechanisms of benefit with renal EVs. We found significant decreases in oxidative stress postischemia in the renal EV-treated group with preservation of renal superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as increases in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. In addition, we propose a novel mechanism of benefit: renal EVs enhanced nascent peptide synthesis following hypoxia in cells and in postischemic kidneys. Although EVs have been used therapeutically, these results serve as "proof of principle" to examine the mechanisms of injury and protection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute kidney injury is common and deadly, yet the only approved treatment is dialysis. Thus, a better understanding of injury mechanisms and potential therapies is needed. We found that organ-specific, but not extrarenal, extracellular vesicles improved renal function and structure postischemia when given after renal failure occurred. Oxidative stress was decreased and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 increased with renal, but not skin or platelet, exosomes. We also propose enhanced nascent peptide synthesis as a novel protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus H. Dominguez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Danhui Xie
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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19
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Milutinovic B, Mahalingam R, Mendt M, Arroyo L, Seua A, Dharmaraj S, Shpall E, Heijnen CJ. Intranasally Administered MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reverse Cisplatin-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11862. [PMID: 37511623 PMCID: PMC10380450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy include deficits in attention, memory, and executive functioning. Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapies. In mice, cisplatin causes long-term cognitive deficits, white matter damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of synaptic integrity. We hypothesized that MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) could restore cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments and brain damage. Animals were injected with cisplatin intraperitoneally and treated with MSC-derived sEVs intranasally 48 and 96 h after the last cisplatin injection. The puzzle box test (PBT) and the novel object place recognition test (NOPRT) were used to determine cognitive deficits. Synaptosomal mitochondrial morphology was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against synaptophysin and PSD95 was applied to assess synaptic loss. Black-Gold II staining was used to quantify white matter integrity. Our data show that sEVs enter the brain in 30 min and reverse the cisplatin-induced deficits in executive functioning and working and spatial memory. Abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology, loss of white matter, and synaptic integrity in the hippocampus were restored as well. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of regenerative functions after treatment with sEVs, pointing to a possible role of axonal guidance signaling, netrin signaling, and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in recovery. Our data suggest that intranasal sEV treatment could become a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of chemobrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Milutinovic
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mayela Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luis Arroyo
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandre Seua
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shruti Dharmaraj
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Kosanović M, Milutinović B, Kutzner TJ, Mouloud Y, Bozic M. Clinical Prospect of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Disease: Challenges and the Way Forward. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1911. [PMID: 37514097 PMCID: PMC10384614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a growing public health problem worldwide, including both acute and chronic forms. Existing therapies for kidney disease target various pathogenic mechanisms; however, these therapies only slow down the progression of the disease rather than offering a cure. One of the potential and emerging approaches for the treatment of kidney disease is mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy, shown to have beneficial effects in preclinical studies. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs became a potent cell-free therapy option in various preclinical models of kidney disease due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, there are scarce clinical data available regarding the use of MSC-EVs in kidney pathologies. This review article provides an outline of the renoprotective effects of MSC-EVs in different preclinical models of kidney disease. It offers a comprehensive analysis of possible mechanisms of action of MSC-EVs with an emphasis on kidney disease. Finally, on the journey toward the implementation of MSC-EVs into clinical practice, we highlight the need to establish standardized methods for the characterization of an EV-based product and investigate the adequate dosing, safety, and efficacy of MSC-EVs application, as well as the development of suitable potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Milutinović
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 770302, USA
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
| | - Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain
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21
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Sitbon A, Delmotte PR, Goumard C, Turco C, Gautheron J, Conti F, Aoudjehane L, Scatton O, Monsel A. Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles in liver failure and marginal liver graft rehabilitation: a scoping review. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:690-706. [PMID: 37079286 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver failure includes distinct subgroups of diseases: Acute liver failure (ALF) without preexisting cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) (severe form of cirrhosis associated with organ failures and excess mortality), and liver fibrosis (LF). Inflammation plays a key role in ALF, LF, and more specifically in ACLF for which we have currently no treatment other than liver transplantation (LT). The increasing incidence of marginal liver grafts and the shortage of liver grafts require us to consider strategies to increase the quantity and quality of available liver grafts. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown beneficial pleiotropic properties with limited translational potential due to the pitfalls associated with their cellular nature. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are innovative cell-free therapeutics for immunomodulation and regenerative purposes. MSC-EVs encompass further advantages: pleiotropic effects, low immunogenicity, storage stability, good safety profile, and possibility of bioengineering. Currently, no human studies explored the impact of MSC-EVs on liver disease, but several preclinical studies highlighted their beneficial effects. In ALF and ACLF, data showed that MSC-EVs attenuate hepatic stellate cells activation, exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-ferroptosis properties, and promote regeneration of the liver, autophagy, and improve metabolism through mitochondrial function recovery. In LF, MSC-EVs demonstrated anti-fibrotic properties associated with liver tissue regeneration. Normothermic-machine perfusion (NMP) combined with MSC-EVs represents an attractive therapy to improve liver regeneration before LT. Our review suggests a growing interest in MSC-EVs in liver failure and gives an appealing insight into their development to rehabilitate marginal liver grafts through NMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sitbon
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France -
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France -
| | - Pierre-Romain Delmotte
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Claire Goumard
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Célia Turco
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- IHU-Innovation of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Aoudjehane
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- IHU-Innovation of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- UMRS-938, Research Center of Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS-959 Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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22
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Pincela Lins PM, Pirlet E, Szymonik M, Bronckaers A, Nelissen I. Manufacture of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:965-981. [PMID: 36750391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for various diseases ranging from ischemic stroke to wound healing and cancer. Their therapeutic effects are mainly mediated by secretome-derived paracrine factors, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) proven to play a key role. This has led to promising research on the potential of MSC-EVs as regenerative, off-the-shelf therapeutic agents. However, the translation of MSC-EVs into the clinic is hampered by the poor scalability of their production. Recently, new advanced methods have been developed to upscale MSC cultivation and EV production yields, ranging from new cell culture devices to priming procedures. This review gives an overview of these innovative strategies for manufacturing MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Pincela Lins
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Elke Pirlet
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michal Szymonik
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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23
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Neuber S, Ermer MR, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis with Extracellular Vesicles: What Is Missing for Clinical Translation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10480. [PMID: 37445658 PMCID: PMC10342089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and currently affects more than 60 million people worldwide. A key feature in the pathogenesis of almost all forms of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart. Although cardiac fibrosis is beneficial in the short term after acute myocardial injury to preserve the structural and functional integrity of the heart, persistent cardiac fibrosis contributes to pathological cardiac remodeling, leading to mechanical and electrical dysfunction of the heart. Despite its high prevalence, standard therapies specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis are not yet available. Cell-based approaches have been extensively studied as potential treatments for cardiac fibrosis, but several challenges have been identified during clinical translation. The observation that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem and progenitor cells exhibit some of the therapeutic effects of the parent cells has paved the way to overcome limitations associated with cell therapy. However, to make EV-based products a reality, standardized methods for EV production, isolation, characterization, and storage must be established, along with concrete evidence of their safety and efficacy in clinical trials. This article discusses EVs as novel therapeutics for cardiac fibrosis from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam R. Ermer
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, Law EW, Groen CM, Windebank AJ, Peterson QP, Fairweather D. The evolving regulatory landscape in regenerative medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101138. [PMID: 36050142 PMCID: PMC10162454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine as a field has emerged as a new component of modern medicine and medical research that encompasses a wide range of products including cellular and acellular therapies. As this new field emerged, regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rapidly adapted existing regulatory frameworks to address the transplantation, gene therapy, cell-based therapeutics, and acellular biologics that fall under the broader regenerative medicine umbrella. Where it has not been possible to modify existing regulation and processes, entirely new frameworks have been generated with the intention of providing flexible, forward-facing systems to regulate this rapidly growing field. This review discusses the current state of FDA regulatory affairs in the context of stem cells and extracellular vesicles by highlighting gaps in the current regulatory system and then discussing where regulatory science in regenerative medicine may be headed based on these gaps and the FDA's historical ability to deal with emerging fields. Lastly, we utilize case studies in stem cell and acellular based treatments to demonstrate how regulatory science has evolved in regenerative medicine and highlight the ongoing clinical efforts and challenges of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Beetler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ethan W Law
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Chris M Groen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Anthony J Windebank
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Quinn P Peterson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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25
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Hybrid extracellular vesicles for drug delivery. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216107. [PMID: 36841417 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are expected to serve as interesting drug delivery vectors as they may offer unique and new properties for drug delivery. Their natural origin, protein and nucleic acid composition, and intrinsic pleiotropic therapeutic effects could enable new possibilities in the field of drug delivery. Here, we aimed to review the methods used to produce Hybrid EVs, a recently emerged type of EV-based vector made from both EVs and synthetic vectors to exploit their respective properties. Hybrid EV/synthetic objects can be obtained by incubation, electrostatic interactions, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated fusion, co-extrusion, freeze-thawing, or simple EV surface modification, leading to different types of objects. We also opted to review the properties of these vectors, and specifically compared them with those of other drug delivery vectors. It has to be noticed that only a limited number of study report loading metrics that allow cross article comparison. Based on this critical analysis, we attempted to draw the pith and marrow from these relatively difficult-to-compare studies and integrate them into the more general context of opportunities in drug delivery and drug development, with a particular focus on oncology.
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Lorenzini B, Peltzer J, Goulinet S, Rival B, Lataillade JJ, Uzan G, Banzet S, Mauduit P. Producing vesicle-free cell culture additive for human cells extracellular vesicles manufacturing. J Control Release 2023; 355:501-514. [PMID: 36764527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A new paradigm has emerged recently, which consists in shifting from cell therapy to a more flexible acellular "extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy" approach, thereby opening a new and promising field in nanomedicine. Important technical limitations have still to be addressed for the large-scale production of clinical-grade EV. Cells are cultured in media supplemented with human platelet lysate (hPL) (xenogenic-free) or GMP-grade fetal calf serum (FCS). However, these additives contain high amounts of EV that cannot be separated from cell-secreted -EV. Therefore, cells are generally maintained in additive-free medium during the EV secretion phase, however this can substantially limit their survival. In the present work, we developed a method to prepare vesicle-free hPL (EV-free hPL) or vesicle-free FCS (EV-free FCS) using tangential flow filtration (TFF). We show a very efficient EV depletion (>98%) for both pure hPL and FCS, with a highly conserved protein content. Culture medium containing our EV-free additives supported the survival of human bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC). MSC could survive at least 216 h, their conditioned medium being collected and changed every 72 h. Both the cell survival and the cumulative EV production were substantially higher than in the starving conditions classically used for EV production. In EV-free hPL containing medium, we show that purified EV kept their morphologic and molecular characteristics throughout the production. Finally, we tested our additives with 3 other cell types, human primary Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFC) and two non-adherent human cell lines, Jurkat and THP-1. We confirmed that both EV-free hPL and FCS were able to maintain cell survival and EV production for at least 216 h. Our method provides therefore a new option to help producing large amounts of EV from virtually any mammalian cells, particularly those that do not tolerate starvation. This method can apply to any animal serum for research and development purpose. Moreover, EV-free hPL is clinical-grade compatible and allows preparing xenobiotic-free media for massive therapeutic EV production in both 2D (cell plates) and 3D (bioreactor) setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bileyle Lorenzini
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Peltzer
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, 1 rue Lt Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Sylvie Goulinet
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Bastien Rival
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, 1 rue Lt Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart, France
| | | | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, 1 rue Lt Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart, France; Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, 1 rue Lt Raoul Batany, 92140 Clamart, France.
| | - Philippe Mauduit
- INSERM UMR-MD-1197 « Interactions cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire » Institut André Lwoff/Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14, Avenue Paul-Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France.
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Afzal A, Khawar MB, Habiba U, Shahzaman S, Hamid SE, Rafiq M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. Nanoengineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery Systems: Current Advances and Future Directions. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Al-Jipouri A, Almurisi SH, Al-Japairai K, Bakar LM, Doolaanea AA. Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:318. [PMID: 36679199 PMCID: PMC9866119 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid and non-invasive pulmonary drug delivery (PDD) has attracted great attention compared to the other routes. However, nanoparticle platforms, like liposomes (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), require extensive reformulation to suit the requirements of PDD. LPs are artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers capable of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, whereas EVs are natural vesicles secreted by cells. Additionally, novel LPs-EVs hybrid vesicles may confer the best of both. The preparation methods of EVs are distinguished from LPs since they rely mainly on extraction and purification, whereas the LPs are synthesized from their basic ingredients. Similarly, drug loading methods into/onto EVs are distinguished whereby they are cell- or non-cell-based, whereas LPs are loaded via passive or active approaches. This review discusses the progress in LPs and EVs as well as hybrid vesicles with a special focus on PDD. It also provides a perspective comparison between LPs and EVs from various aspects (composition, preparation/extraction, drug loading, and large-scale manufacturing) as well as the future prospects for inhaled therapeutics. In addition, it discusses the challenges that may be encountered in scaling up the production and presents our view regarding the clinical translation of the laboratory findings into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Khater Al-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Munirah Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University College MAIWP International (UCMI), Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
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Haghighitalab A, Dominici M, Matin MM, Shekari F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Lim R, Ahmadiankia N, Mirahmadi M, Bahrami AR, Bidkhori HR. Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090416. [PMID: 36969255 PMCID: PMC10031021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases' vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs' unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haghighitalab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
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Lin TY, Chang TM, Huang HC. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Mast Cell Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2279. [PMID: 36421465 PMCID: PMC9686796 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles isolated from stem cells have been reported in several clinical diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of heart, kidney, liver, brain, and skin injuries. To address the putative therapeutic effects and mechanisms of extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on allergic activation in mast cells, we isolated extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) by tangential-flow filtration methods. The characteristics and identification of UCMSC-derived extracellular vesicles were examined via nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and protein marker analysis. Cytokines and tryptase in the cultured supernatant of KU812 cells were analyzed using an ELISA kit. Proteins in the MAPK and STAT5 signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting. This study showed that different doses of UCMSC-derived extracellular vesicles abolish IgE-stimulated KU812 cell activation and reduce the level of NF-κB, which subsequently leads to cell degranulation and the release of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, UCMSC-derived extracellular vesicles treatment blunted the IgE-induced signaling proteins p-P38, p-JNK and p-STAT5. Our results revealed a mechanism for anti-inflammation in which extracellular vesicles can affect the activation of mast cells and thus function in allergy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzou-Yien Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Min Chang
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, HungKuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
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31
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Dominguez JH, Xie D, Dominguez JM, Kelly KJ. Role of coagulation in persistent renal ischemia following reperfusion in an animal model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F590-F601. [PMID: 36007891 PMCID: PMC9602917 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury is common, deadly, and accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease, yet has no specific therapy. After ischemia, reperfusion is patchy with early and persistent impairment in regional renal blood flow and cellular injury. We tested the hypothesis that intrarenal coagulation results in sustained renal ischemia following reperfusion, using a well-characterized model. Markedly decreased, but heterogeneous, microvascular plasma flow with microthrombi was found postischemia by intravital microscopy. Widespread tissue factor expression and fibrin deposition were also apparent. Clotting was accompanied by complement activation and inflammation. Treatment with exosomes derived from renal tubular cells or with the fibrinolytic urokinase, given 24 h postischemia when renal failure was established, significantly improved microvascular flow, coagulation, serum creatinine, and histological evidence of injury. These data support the hypothesis that intrarenal clotting occurs early and the resultant sustained ischemia is a critical determinant of renal failure following ischemia; they demonstrate that the coagulation abnormalities are amenable to therapy and that therapy results in improvement in both function and postischemic inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic renal injury carries very high morbidity and mortality, yet has no specific therapy. We found markedly decreased, heterogeneous microvascular plasma flow, tissue factor induction, fibrin deposition, and microthrombi after renal ischemia-reperfusion using a well-characterized model. Renal exosomes or the fibrinolytic urokinase, administered after renal failure was established, improved microvascular flow, coagulation, renal function, and histology. Data demonstrate that intrarenal clotting results in sustained ischemia amenable to therapy that improves both function and postischemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus H. Dominguez
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Danhui Xie
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James M. Dominguez
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Vandendriessche C, Kapogiannis D, Vandenbroucke RE. Biomarker and therapeutic potential of peripheral extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114486. [PMID: 35952829 PMCID: PMC9985115 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles with an important role in intercellular communication, even across brain barriers. The bidirectional brain-barrier crossing capacity of EVs is supported by research identifying neuronal markers in peripheral EVs, as well as the brain delivery of peripherally administered EVs. In addition, EVs are reflective of their cellular origin, underlining their biomarker and therapeutic potential when released by diseased and regenerative cells, respectively. Both characteristics are of interest in Alzheimer's disease (AD) where the current biomarker profile is solely based on brain-centered readouts and effective therapeutic options are lacking. In this review, we elaborate on the role of peripheral EVs in AD. We focus on bulk EVs and specific EV subpopulations including bacterial EVs (bEVs) and neuronal-derived EVs (nEVs), which have mainly been studied from a biomarker perspective. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of peripherally administered EVs whereby research has centered around stem cell derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Diversity of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Follicular Fluid: Morphological Analysis and Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911676. [PMID: 36232981 PMCID: PMC9570429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The oocyte microenvironment constituted by the follicular fluid (FF) is a key for the optimal development of female gametes. Its composition reflects the physiological state of the ovarian follicle. The particularity of FF is to contain a huge diversity of extracellular vesicles specific to women, in the same way as seminal plasma in men. Here, we described and compared morphological aspects of broad subcategories of human FF-related Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). EVs participate in physiological and pathological processes and have potential applications in diagnostics or therapeutics. EVs isolated from FF are involved in different biological functions related to follicular growth, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. However, knowledge on the morphology of FF-derived EVs is limited, mainly due to their sub-micrometer size and to intrinsic limitations in methods applied for their characterization. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive morphological description of EVs from FF of healthy subjects and quantification. EVs separation was realized by centrifugation, with comparison of the EV yield obtained from differential centrifugation and one-step ultracentrifugation. Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy was used to reveal the morphology, size, and phenotype of EVs. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) were used to quantify and analyze the size distribution for each centrifugation step. We performed a comprehensive inventory of human follicular fluid EVs. We show that human FF contains a huge diversity of EVs. This study brings novel insights on EVs from normal FF and provides a reference for further studies of EVs in ovarian diseases.
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Paolini L, Monguió‐Tortajada M, Costa M, Antenucci F, Barilani M, Clos‐Sansalvador M, Andrade AC, Driedonks TAP, Giancaterino S, Kronstadt SM, Mizenko RR, Nawaz M, Osteikoetxea X, Pereira C, Shrivastava S, Boysen AT, van de Wakker SI, van Herwijnen MJC, Wang X, Watson DC, Gimona M, Kaparakis‐Liaskos M, Konstantinov K, Lim SK, Meisner‐Kober N, Stork M, Nejsum P, Radeghieri A, Rohde E, Touzet N, Wauben MHM, Witwer KW, Bongiovanni A, Bergese P. Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the "massivEVs" ISEV workshop. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e63. [PMID: 38939213 PMCID: PMC11080784 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, "The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry" (evFOUNDRY) and "Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials" (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled "massivEVs" to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during "massivEVs", the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field.
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Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Involvement in Cancer Resistance: An Up-to-Date Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182913. [PMID: 36139487 PMCID: PMC9496799 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer. Thanks to advancements in molecular biology, it has been found that the fraction of EVs called exosomes or small EVs (sEVs) modulates the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents by delivering molecularly active non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). An in-depth analysis shows that two main molecular mechanisms are involved in exosomal modified chemoresistance: (1) translational repression of anti-oncogenes by exosomal microRNAs (miRs) and (2) lack of translational repression of oncogenes by sponging of miRs through long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). At the cellular level, these processes increase the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and improve their ability to metastasize and resist apoptosis. In addition, studies in animal models have shown enhancing tumor size under the influence of exosomal ncRNAs. Ultimately, exosomal ncRNAs are responsible for clinically significant chemotherapy failures in patients with different types of cancer. Preliminary data have also revealed that exosomal ncRNAs can overcome chemotherapeutic agent resistance, but the results are thoroughly fragmented. This review presents how exosomes modulate the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding how exosomes interfere with chemoresistance may become a milestone in developing new therapeutic options, but more data are still required.
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Recent Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapies Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092281. [PMID: 36140386 PMCID: PMC9496279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being widely investigated as acellular therapeutics in regenerative medicine applications. EVs isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are by far the most frequently used in preclinical models for diverse therapeutic applications, including inflammatory, degenerative, or acute diseases. Although they represent promising tools as cell-free therapeutic agents, one limitation to their use is related to the batch-to-batch unreliability that may arise from the heterogeneity between MSC donors. Isolating EVs from MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMSCs) might allow unlimited access to cells with a more stable phenotype and function. In the present review, we first present the latest findings regarding the functional aspects of EVs isolated from iMSCs and their interest in regenerative medicine for the treatment of various diseases. We will then discuss future directions for their translation to clinics with good manufacturing practice implementation.
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McAlarnen LA, Gupta P, Singh R, Pradeep S, Chaluvally-Raghavan P. Extracellular vesicle contents as non-invasive biomarkers in ovarian malignancies. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:347-359. [PMID: 36090475 PMCID: PMC9420349 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer most commonly presents at an advanced stage where survival is approximately 30% compared with >80% if diagnosed and treated before disease spreads. Diagnostic capabilities have progressed from surgical staging via laparotomy to image-guided biopsies and immunohistochemistry staining, along with advances in technology and medicine. Despite improvements in diagnostic capabilities, population-level screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 40–150 nm structures formed when the cellular lipid bilayer invaginates. These structures function in cell signaling, immune responses, cancer progression, and establishing the tumor microenvironment. EVs are found in nearly every bodily fluid, including serum, plasma, ascites, urine, and effusion fluid, and contain molecular cargo from their cell of origin. This cargo can be analyzed to yield information about a possible malignancy. In this review we describe how the cargo of EVs has been studied as biomarkers in ovarian cancer. We bring together studies analyzing evidence for various cargos as ovarian cancer biomarkers. Then, we describe the role of EVs in modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review also summarizes the therapeutic and translational potential of EVs for their optimal utilization as non-invasive biomarkers for novel treatments against cancer.
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Practical Considerations for Translating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Bench to Bed. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081684. [PMID: 36015310 PMCID: PMC9414392 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown potential for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. This approach can eliminate the need to transplant live cells to the human body, thereby reducing issues related to the maintenance of cell viability and stability and potential erroneous differentiation of transplanted cells to bone or tumor. Despite these advantages, there are practical issues that need to be considered for successful clinical application of MSC-EV-based products in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. This review aims to discuss the general and tissue-specific considerations for manufacturing MSC-EVs for clinical translation. Specifically, we will discuss Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing and quality control (parent cell source, culture conditions, concentration method, quantity, identity, purity and impurities, sterility, potency, reproducibility, storage and formulation), as well as safety and efficacy issues. Special considerations for applying MSC-EVs, such as their compatibility with arthroscopy for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, are also highlighted.
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Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111845. [PMID: 35681540 PMCID: PMC9180657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles released by most cellular types, exert pivotal and multifaceted roles in physiology and disease. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of EVs in intercellular communication processes with key effects on cell survival, endothelial homeostasis, inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and thrombosis. This review focuses on EVs as effective signaling molecules able to both derail vascular homeostasis and induce vascular dysfunction, inflammation, plaque progression, and thrombus formation as well as drive anti-inflammation, vascular repair, and atheroprotection. We provide a comprehensive and updated summary of the role of EVs in the development or regression of atherosclerotic lesions, highlighting the link between thrombosis and inflammation. Importantly, we also critically describe their potential clinical use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic agents in atherothrombosis.
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Soukup R, Gerner I, Gültekin S, Baik H, Oesterreicher J, Grillari J, Jenner F. Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5858. [PMID: 35628667 PMCID: PMC9145091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-encapsulated particles secreted by virtually all cell types. EVs play an essential role in cellular crosstalk in health and disease. The cellular origin of EVs determines their composition and potential therapeutic effect. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs have shown a comparable therapeutic potential to their donor cells, making them a promising tool for regenerative medicine. The therapeutic application of EVs circumvents some safety concerns associated with the transplantation of viable, replicating cells and facilitates the quality-controlled production as a ready-to-go, off-the-shelf biological therapy. Recently, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) suggested a set of minimal biochemical, biophysical and functional standards to define extracellular vesicles and their functions to improve standardisation in EV research. However, nonstandardised EV isolation methods and the limited availability of cross-reacting markers for most animal species restrict the application of these standards in the veterinary field and, therefore, the species comparability and standardisation of animal experiments. In this study, EVs were isolated from equine bone-marrow-derived MSCs using two different isolation methods, stepwise ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography, and minimal experimental requirements for equine EVs were established and validated. Equine EVs were characterised using a nanotracking analysis, fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry, Western blot and transelectron microscopy. Based on the ISEV standards, minimal criteria for defining equine EVs are suggested as a baseline to allow the comparison of EV preparations obtained by different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Soukup
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.S.); (I.G.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Iris Gerner
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.S.); (I.G.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.S.); (I.G.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Hayeon Baik
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.S.); (I.G.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Johannes Oesterreicher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.S.); (I.G.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Las Heras K, Royo F, Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Falcon-Perez JM, Hernandez RM. Extracellular vesicles from hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: isolation, characterization and therapeutic potential for chronic wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:147. [PMID: 35395929 PMCID: PMC8994406 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have demonstrated to elicit immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties that are beneficial for the treatment of chronic wounds. Thanks to different mediators, MSC-EVs have shown to play an important role in the proliferation, migration and cell survival of different skin cell populations. However, there is still a big bid to achieve the most effective, suitable and available source of MSC-EVs. METHODS We isolated, characterized and compared medium-large EVs (m-lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs) obtained from hair follicle-derived MSCs (HF-MSCs) against the gold standard in regenerative medicine, EVs isolated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs). RESULTS We demonstrated that HF-EVs, as well as AT-EVs, expressed typical MSC-EVs markers (CD9, CD44, CD63, CD81 and CD105) among other different functional markers. We showed that both cell types were able to increase human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) proliferation and migration. Moreover, both MSC-EVs were able to increase angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and protect HDFs exposed to a hyperglycemic environment from oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, HF-EVs demonstrated to exhibit comparable potential to that of AT-EVs as promising candidates in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Las Heras
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes Laboratory, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes Laboratory, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes Laboratory, 48160, Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Muire PJ, Thompson MA, Christy RJ, Natesan S. Advances in Immunomodulation and Immune Engineering Approaches to Improve Healing of Extremity Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4074. [PMID: 35456892 PMCID: PMC9032453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed healing of traumatic wounds often stems from a dysregulated immune response initiated or exacerbated by existing comorbidities, multiple tissue injury or wound contamination. Over decades, approaches towards alleviating wound inflammation have been centered on interventions capable of a collective dampening of various inflammatory factors and/or cells. However, a progressive understanding of immune physiology has rendered deeper knowledge on the dynamic interplay of secreted factors and effector cells following an acute injury. There is a wide body of literature, both in vitro and in vivo, abstracted on the immunomodulatory approaches to control inflammation. Recently, targeted modulation of the immune response via biotechnological approaches and biomaterials has gained attention as a means to restore the pro-healing phenotype and promote tissue regeneration. In order to fully realize the potential of these approaches in traumatic wounds, a critical and nuanced understanding of the relationships between immune dysregulation and healing outcomes is needed. This review provides an insight on paradigm shift towards interventional approaches to control exacerbated immune response following a traumatic injury from an agonistic to a targeted path. We address such a need by (1) providing a targeted discussion of the wound healing processes to assist in the identification of novel therapeutic targets and (2) highlighting emerging technologies and interventions that utilize an immunoengineering-based approach. In addition, we have underscored the importance of immune engineering as an emerging tool to provide precision medicine as an option to modulate acute immune response following a traumatic injury. Finally, an overview is provided on how an intervention can follow through a successful clinical application and regulatory pathway following laboratory and animal model evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti J. Muire
- Combat Wound Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA; (M.A.T.); (R.J.C.)
| | | | | | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Combat Wound Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA; (M.A.T.); (R.J.C.)
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Sailliet N, Ullah M, Dupuy A, Silva AKA, Gazeau F, Le Mai H, Brouard S. Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:800018. [PMID: 35185891 PMCID: PMC8851566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied in the last two decades. It is now well documented that they can actively participate in the activation or regulation of immune system functions through different mechanisms, the most studied of which include protein–protein interactions and miRNA transfers. The functional diversity of EV-secreting cells makes EVs potential targets for immunotherapies through immune cell-derived EV functions. They are also a potential source of biomarkers of graft rejection through donor cells or graft environment-derived EV content modification. This review focuses on preclinical studies that describe the role of EVs from different cell types in immune suppression and graft tolerance and on the search for biomarkers of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sailliet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Matti Ullah
- MSC-med, INSERM U7057, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Dupuy
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Hoa Le Mai
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Nantes, France
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Paterna A, Rao E, Adamo G, Raccosta S, Picciotto S, Romancino D, Noto R, Touzet N, Bongiovanni A, Manno M. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles From Microalgae: A Renewable and Scalable Bioprocess. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836747. [PMID: 35360396 PMCID: PMC8963918 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role as potent signal transducers among cells, with the potential to operate cross-species and cross-kingdom communication. Nanoalgosomes are a subtype of EVs recently identified and isolated from microalgae. Microalgae represent a natural bioresource with the capacity to produce several secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activities and commercial applications. The present study highlights the upstream and downstream processes required for the scalable production of nanoalgosomes from cultures of the marine microalgae Tetraselmis chuii. Different technical parameters, protocols, and conditions were assessed to improve EVs isolation by tangential flow filtration (TFF), aiming to enhance sample purity and yield. The optimization of the overall bioprocess was enhanced by quality control checks operated through robust biophysical and biochemical characterizations. Further, we showed the possibility of recycling by TFF microalgae cells post-EVs isolation for multiple EV production cycles. The present results highlight the potential of nanoalgosome production as a scalable, cost-effective bioprocess suitable for diverse scientific and industrial exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paterna
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Estella Rao
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Adamo
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Picciotto
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Romancino
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosina Noto
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Touzet, ; Antonella Bongiovanni, ; Mauro Manno,
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Touzet, ; Antonella Bongiovanni, ; Mauro Manno,
| | - Mauro Manno
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Touzet, ; Antonella Bongiovanni, ; Mauro Manno,
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Choi H, Yim H, Park C, Ahn SH, Ahn Y, Lee A, Yang H, Choi C. Targeted Delivery of Exosomes Armed with Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010085. [PMID: 35054611 PMCID: PMC8782002 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes have gained great attention for their role as therapeutic vehicles for delivering various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Exosomes “armed” with anti-cancer therapeutics possess great potential for an efficient intracellular delivery of anti-cancer APIs and enhanced targetability to tumor cells. Various technologies are being developed to efficiently incorporate anti-cancer APIs such as genetic materials (miRNA, siRNA, mRNA), chemotherapeutics, and proteins into exosomes and to induce targeted delivery to tumor burden by exosomal surface modification. Exosomes can incorporate the desired therapeutic molecules via direct exogenous methods (e.g., electroporation and sonication) or indirect methods by modifying cells to produce “armed” exosomes. The targeted delivery of “armed” exosomes to tumor burden could be accomplished either by “passive” targeting using the natural tropism of exosomes or by “active” targeting via the surface engineering of exosomal membranes. Although anti-cancer exosome therapeutics demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies, success in clinical trials requires thorough validation in terms of chemistry, manufacturing, and control techniques. While exosomes possess multiple advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, challenges remain in increasing the loading efficiency of anti-cancer agents into exosomes, as well as establishing quantitative and qualitative analytical methods for monitoring the delivery of in vivo administered exosomes and exosome-incorporated anti-cancer agents to the tumor parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Choi
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Hwayoung Yim
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Cheolhyoung Park
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
| | - So-Hee Ahn
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Yura Ahn
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Areum Lee
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Heekyoung Yang
- In Vivo Pharmacology, 1ST Biotherapeutics Inc., Seongnam-si 13493, Korea;
| | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (C.P.); (S.-H.A.); (Y.A.); (A.L.)
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-863-4450
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Aubertin K, Piffoux M, Sebbagh A, Gauthier J, Silva AKA, Gazeau F. [Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:1146-1157. [PMID: 34928219 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, secreted spontaneously or in response to stress by all cell types, are proposed as alternative biotherapies to cellular therapies and to synthetic nanomedicines. Their logistical advantages (storage, stability, availability, tolerance), their ability to cross biological barriers, to deliver their contents (proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) in order to modify their target cells, as well as their immunomodulatory and regenerative activities, are of growing interest for a very wide spectrum of diseases. Here we review the challenges to bring these biotherapies to the clinic and discuss some promising applications in cancer and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Aubertin
- Laboratoire matière et systèmes complexes (MSC), université de Paris, CNRS UMR7057, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Max Piffoux
- Service d'Oncologie médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France - Oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Sebbagh
- Laboratoire matière et systèmes complexes (MSC), université de Paris, CNRS UMR7057, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire matière et systèmes complexes (MSC), université de Paris, CNRS UMR7057, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire matière et systèmes complexes (MSC), université de Paris, CNRS UMR7057, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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