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Earwood R, Ninomiya H, Wang H, Shimada IS, Stroud M, Perez D, Uuganbayar U, Yamada C, Akiyama-Miyoshi T, Stefanovic B, Kato Y. The binding of LARP6 and DNAAF6 in biomolecular condensates influences ciliogenesis of multiciliated cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107373. [PMID: 38762183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia on the cell surface produce fluid flows in the body and abnormalities in motile cilia cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Dynein axonemal assembly factor 6 (DNAAF6), a causative gene of primary ciliary dyskinesia, was isolated as an interacting protein with La ribonucleoprotein 6 (LARP6) that regulates ciliogenesis in multiciliated cells (MCCs). In MCCs of Xenopus embryos, LARP6 and DNAAF6 were colocalized in biomolecular condensates termed dynein axonemal particles and synergized to control ciliogenesis. Moreover, tubulin alpha 1c-like mRNA encoding α-tubulin protein, that is a major component of ciliary axoneme, was identified as a target mRNA regulated by binding LARP6. While DNAAF6 was necessary for high α-tubulin protein expression near the apical side of Xenopus MCCs during ciliogenesis, its mutant, which abolishes binding with LARP6, was unable to restore the expression of α-tubulin protein near the apical side of MCCs in Xenopus DNAAF6 morphant. These results indicated that the binding of LARP6 and DNAAF6 in dynein axonemal particles regulates highly expressed α-tubulin protein near the apical side of Xenopus MCCs during ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Earwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Hiromasa Ninomiya
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Issei S Shimada
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mia Stroud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Diana Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Udval Uuganbayar
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chisato Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Akiyama-Miyoshi
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Dodd DO, Mechaussier S, Yeyati PL, McPhie F, Anderson JR, Khoo CJ, Shoemark A, Gupta DK, Attard T, Zariwala MA, Legendre M, Bracht D, Wallmeier J, Gui M, Fassad MR, Parry DA, Tennant PA, Meynert A, Wheway G, Fares-Taie L, Black HA, Mitri-Frangieh R, Faucon C, Kaplan J, Patel M, McKie L, Megaw R, Gatsogiannis C, Mohamed MA, Aitken S, Gautier P, Reinholt FR, Hirst RA, O'Callaghan C, Heimdal K, Bottier M, Escudier E, Crowley S, Descartes M, Jabs EW, Kenia P, Amiel J, Bacci GM, Calogero C, Palazzo V, Tiberi L, Blümlein U, Rogers A, Wambach JA, Wegner DJ, Fulton AB, Kenna M, Rosenfeld M, Holm IA, Quigley A, Hall EA, Murphy LC, Cassidy DM, von Kriegsheim A, Papon JF, Pasquier L, Murris MS, Chalmers JD, Hogg C, Macleod KA, Urquhart DS, Unger S, Aitman TJ, Amselem S, Leigh MW, Knowles MR, Omran H, Mitchison HM, Brown A, Marsh JA, Welburn JPI, Ti SC, Horani A, Rozet JM, Perrault I, Mill P. Ciliopathy patient variants reveal organelle-specific functions for TUBB4B in axonemal microtubules. Science 2024; 384:eadf5489. [PMID: 38662826 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Tubulin, one of the most abundant cytoskeletal building blocks, has numerous isotypes in metazoans encoded by different conserved genes. Whether these distinct isotypes form cell type- and context-specific microtubule structures is poorly understood. Based on a cohort of 12 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia as well as mouse mutants, we identified and characterized variants in the TUBB4B isotype that specifically perturbed centriole and cilium biogenesis. Distinct TUBB4B variants differentially affected microtubule dynamics and cilia formation in a dominant-negative manner. Structure-function studies revealed that different TUBB4B variants disrupted distinct tubulin interfaces, thereby enabling stratification of patients into three classes of ciliopathic diseases. These findings show that specific tubulin isotypes have distinct and nonredundant subcellular functions and establish a link between tubulinopathies and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Dodd
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sabrina Mechaussier
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR_1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Patricia L Yeyati
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Fraser McPhie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jacob R Anderson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chen Jing Khoo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Respiratory Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Deepesh K Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Thomas Attard
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Marie Legendre
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris 75012, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Paris 75012, France
| | - Diana Bracht
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julia Wallmeier
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Miao Gui
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahmoud R Fassad
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - David A Parry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter A Tennant
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lucas Fares-Taie
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR_1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Holly A Black
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- South East of Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rana Mitri-Frangieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cytology and Pathology, Hôpital Intercommuncal de Créteil, Créteil 94000, France
- Biomechanics and Respiratory Apparatus, IMRB, U955 INSERM - Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS ERL 7000, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Catherine Faucon
- Department of Anatomy, Cytology and Pathology, Hôpital Intercommuncal de Créteil, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR_1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mitali Patel
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- MRC Prion Unit, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Lisa McKie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Roly Megaw
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Mai A Mohamed
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqiyah 44519, Egypt
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Finn R Reinholt
- Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Chris O'Callaghan
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ketil Heimdal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Respiratory Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Estelle Escudier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Anatomy, Cytology and Pathology, Hôpital Intercommuncal de Créteil, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Suzanne Crowley
- Paediatric Department of Allergy and Lung Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Maria Descartes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029-6504, New York, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY 55905, USA
| | - Priti Kenia
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris 75015, France
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Giacomo Maria Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Claudia Calogero
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Viviana Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Lucia Tiberi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Rogers
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Jennifer A Wambach
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Daniel J Wegner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Anne B Fulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margaret Kenna
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98015, USA
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and the Manton Center for Orphan Diseases Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alan Quigley
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emma A Hall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laura C Murphy
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Diane M Cassidy
- Respiratory Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jean-François Papon
- ENT Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Marlène S Murris
- Department of Pulmonology, Transplantation, and Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Larrey Hospital, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - James D Chalmers
- Respiratory Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Claire Hogg
- Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Kenneth A Macleod
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Don S Urquhart
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Stefan Unger
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Serge Amselem
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris 75012, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Paris 75012, France
| | - Margaret W Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Shih-Chieh Ti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR_1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Isabelle Perrault
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR_1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Puray-Chavez M, LaPak KM, Jasuja R, Pan J, Xu J, Eschbach JE, Mohammed S, Lawson DQ, Wang Q, Brody SL, Major MB, Goldfarb D, Kutluay SB. A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574522. [PMID: 38260460 PMCID: PMC10802478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Host factors that define the cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the cognate ACE2 receptor are poorly defined. From a screen of human airway derived cell lines that express varying levels of ACE2/TMPRSS2, we found a subset that express comparably high endogenous levels of ACE2 but surprisingly did not support SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here we report that this resistance is mediated by a basally active cGAS-STING pathway culminating in interferon (IFN)-mediated restriction of SARS-CoV-2 replication at a post-entry step. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK1/2, depletion of the IFN-α receptor and cGAS-STING pathway effectors substantially increased SARS-CoV-2 replication in these cell models. While depletion of cGAS or STING was sufficient to reduce the preexisting levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), SARS-CoV-2 infection in STING knockout cells independently induced ISG expression. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2-induced ISG expression in STING knockout cell as well as in primary human airway cultures was limited to uninfected bystander cells, demonstrating efficient antagonism of the type I/III IFN-pathway, but not viral sensing or IFN production, in productively infected cells. Of note, SARS-CoV-2-infected primary human airway cells also displayed markedly lower levels of STING expression, raising the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 can target STING expression or preferentially infect cells that express low levels of STING. Finally, ectopic ACE2 overexpression overcame the IFN-mediated blocks, suggesting the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to overcome these possibly saturable blocks to infection. Our study highlights that in addition to viral receptors, basal activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and innate immune defenses may contribute to defining SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle M LaPak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ria Jasuja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiehong Pan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna E Eschbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shawn Mohammed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana Q Lawson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qibo Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebla B Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Shaikh Qureshi WM, Hentges KE. Functions of cilia in cardiac development and disease. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:4-26. [PMID: 37872827 PMCID: PMC10952336 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Errors in embryonic cardiac development are a leading cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including morphological abnormalities of the heart that are often detected after birth. In the past few decades, an emerging role for cilia in the pathogenesis of CHD has been identified, but this topic still largely remains an unexplored area. Mouse forward genetic screens and whole exome sequencing analysis of CHD patients have identified enrichment for de novo mutations in ciliary genes or non-ciliary genes, which regulate cilia-related pathways, linking cilia function to aberrant cardiac development. Key events in cardiac morphogenesis, including left-right asymmetric development of the heart, are dependent upon cilia function. Cilia dysfunction during left-right axis formation contributes to CHD as evidenced by the substantial proportion of heterotaxy patients displaying complex CHD. Cilia-transduced signaling also regulates later events during heart development such as cardiac valve formation, outflow tract septation, ventricle development, and atrioventricular septa formation. In this review, we summarize the role of motile and non-motile (primary cilia) in cardiac asymmetry establishment and later events during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Ta M, Blauwendraat C, Antar T, Leonard HL, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Iwaki H. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Cohorts. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1697-1705. [PMID: 37539664 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid are established biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), these biomarkers have also been found to be altered, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for these alterations are still under investigation. Moreover, the interplay between these mechanisms and the diverse underlying disease states remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate genetic contributions to the AD biomarkers and assess the commonality and heterogeneity of the associations per underlying disease status. METHODS We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for the AD biomarkers on subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, the Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and meta-analyzed with the largest AD GWAS. We tested heterogeneity of associations of interest between different disease statuses (AD, PD, and control). RESULTS We observed three GWAS signals: the APOE locus for amyloid-β, the 3q28 locus between GEMC1 and OSTN for p-tau and t-tau, and the 7p22 locus (top hit: rs60871478, an intronic variant for DNAAF5, also known as HEATR2) for p-tau. The 7p22 locus is novel and colocalized with the brain DNAAF5 expression. Although no heterogeneity from underlying disease status was observed for the earlier GWAS signals, some disease risk loci suggested disease-specific associations with these biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a novel association at the intronic region of DNAAF5 associated with increased levels of p-tau across all diseases. We also observed some disease-specific genetic associations with these biomarkers. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tarek Antar
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ta M, Blauwendraat C, Antar T, Leonard HL, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Iwaki H. Genome-wide meta-analysis of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease cohorts. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.13.23291354. [PMID: 37398091 PMCID: PMC10312859 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.23291354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Amyloid beta (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid are established biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), these biomarkers have also been found to be altered, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for these alterations are still under investigation. Moreover, the interplay between these mechanisms and the diverse underlying disease states remains to be elucidated. Objectives To investigate genetic contributions to the AD biomarkers and assess the commonality and heterogeneity of the associations per underlying disease status. Methods We conducted GWAS for the AD biomarkers on subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), the Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers (BioFIND), and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and meta-analyzed with the largest AD GWAS.[7] We tested heterogeneity of associations of interest between different disease statuses (AD, PD, and control). Results We observed three GWAS signals: the APOE locus for Aβ, the 3q28 locus between GEMC1 and OSTN for p-tau and t-tau, and the 7p22 locus (top hit: rs60871478, an intronic variant for DNAAF5 , also known as HEATR2 ) for p-tau. The 7p22 locus is novel and co-localized with the brain DNAAF5 expression. While no heterogeneity from underlying disease status was observed for the above GWAS signals, some disease risk loci suggested disease specific associations with these biomarkers. Conclusions Our study identified a novel association at the intronic region of DNAAF5 associated with increased levels of p-tau across all diseases. We also observed some disease specific genetic associations with these biomarkers.
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Horani A, Gupta DK, Xu J, Xu H, del Carmen Puga-Molina L, Santi CM, Ramagiri S, Brennan SK, Pan J, Koenitzer JR, Huang T, Hyland RM, Gunsten SP, Tzeng SC, Strahle JM, Mill P, Mahjoub MR, Dutcher SK, Brody SL. The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168836. [PMID: 37104040 PMCID: PMC10393236 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNAAF5 is a dynein motor assembly factor associated with the autosomal heterogenic recessive condition of motile cilia, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The effects of allele heterozygosity on motile cilia function are unknown. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice to recreate a human missense variant identified in patients with mild PCD and a second, frameshift-null deletion in Dnaaf5. Litters with Dnaaf5 heteroallelic variants showed distinct missense and null gene dosage effects. Homozygosity for the null Dnaaf5 alleles was embryonic lethal. Compound heterozygous animals with the missense and null alleles showed severe disease manifesting as hydrocephalus and early lethality. However, animals homozygous for the missense mutation had improved survival, with partially preserved cilia function and motor assembly observed by ultrastructure analysis. Notably, the same variant alleles exhibited divergent cilia function across different multiciliated tissues. Proteomic analysis of isolated airway cilia from mutant mice revealed reduction in some axonemal regulatory and structural proteins not previously reported in DNAAF5 variants. Transcriptional analysis of mouse and human mutant cells showed increased expression of genes coding for axonemal proteins. These findings suggest allele-specific and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly that may affect disease phenotypes and clinical trajectory in motile ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sruthi Ramagiri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Moe R. Mahjoub
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Department of Medicine
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Li L, Li J, Ou Y, Wu J, Li H, Wang X, Tang L, Dai X, Yang C, Wei Z, Yin Z, Shu Y. Ccdc57 is required for straightening the body axis by regulating ciliary motility in the brain ventricle of zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:253-263. [PMID: 36669737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cilia defects have been proposed to contribute to scoliosis. Here, we demonstrate that coiled-coil domain-containing 57 (Ccdc57) plays an essential role in straightening the body axis of zebrafish by regulating ciliary beating in the brain ventricle (BV). Zygotic ccdc57 (Zccdc57) mutant zebrafish developes scoliosis without significant changes in their bone density and calcification, and the maternal-zygotic ccdc57 (MZccdc57) mutant embryos display curved bodies since the long-pec stage. The expression of ccdc57 is enriched in ciliated tissues and immunofluorescence analysis reveals colocalization of Ccdc57-HA with acetylated α-tubulin, implicating it in having a role in ciliary function. Further examination reveals that it is the coordinated cilia beating of multiple cilia bundles (MCB) in the MZccdc57 mutant embryos that is affected at 48 hours post fertilization, when the compromised cerebrospinal fluid flow and curved body axis have already occurred. Either ccdc57 mRNA injection or epinephrine treatment reverses the spinal curvature in MZccdc57 mutant larvae from ventrally curly to straight or even dorsally curly and significantly upregulates urotensin signaling. This study reveals the role of ccdc57 in maintaining coordinated cilia beating of MCB in the BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Liying Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiangyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Conghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yuqin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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9
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Pereira R, Barbosa T, Cardoso AL, Sá R, Sousa M. Cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia: Similarities and differences. Respir Med 2023; 209:107169. [PMID: 36828173 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) and Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are both rare chronic diseases, inherited disorders associated with multiple complications, namely respiratory complications, due to impaired mucociliary clearance that affect severely patients' lives. Although both are classified as rare diseases, PCD has a much lower prevalence than CF, particularly among Caucasians. As a result, CF is well studied, better recognized by clinicians, and with some therapeutic approaches already available. Whereas PCD is still largely unknown, and thus the approach is based on consensus guidelines, expert opinion, and extrapolation from the larger evidence base available for patients with CF. Both diseases have some clinical similarities but are very different, necessitating different treatment by specialists who are familiar with the complexities of each disease.This review aims to provide an overview of the knowledge about the two diseases with a focus on the similarities and differences between both in terms of disease mechanisms, common clinical manifestations, genetics and the most relevant therapeutic options. We hoped to raise clinical awareness about PCD, what it is, how it differs from CF, and how much information is still lacking. Furthermore, this review emphasises the fact that both diseases require ongoing research to find better treatments and, in particular for PCD, to fill the medical and scientific gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Pereira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Telma Barbosa
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child Centre of the North (CMIN), University Hospital Centre of Porto (CHUP), Largo da Maternidade, 4050-371, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lúcia Cardoso
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child Centre of the North (CMIN), University Hospital Centre of Porto (CHUP), Largo da Maternidade, 4050-371, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rosália Sá
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal.
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Rabiasz A, Ziętkiewicz E. Schmidtea mediterranea as a Model Organism to Study the Molecular Background of Human Motile Ciliopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054472. [PMID: 36901899 PMCID: PMC10002865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles that form protrusions on the surface of many growth-arrested or differentiated eukaryotic cells. Due to the structural and functional differences, cilia can be roughly classified as motile and non-motile (primary). Genetically determined dysfunction of motile cilia is the basis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a heterogeneous ciliopathy affecting respiratory airways, fertility, and laterality. In the face of the still incomplete knowledge of PCD genetics and phenotype-genotype relations in PCD and the spectrum of PCD-like diseases, a continuous search for new causative genes is required. The use of model organisms has been a great part of the advances in understanding molecular mechanisms and the genetic basis of human diseases; the PCD spectrum is not different in this respect. The planarian model (Schmidtea mediterranea) has been intensely used to study regeneration processes, and-in the context of cilia-their evolution, assembly, and role in cell signaling. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the use of this simple and accessible model for studying the genetics of PCD and related diseases. The recent rapid development of the available planarian databases with detailed genomic and functional annotations prompted us to review the potential of the S. mediterranea model for studying human motile ciliopathies.
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11
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Pereira R, Sousa M. Morphological and Molecular Bases of Male Infertility: A Closer Look at Sperm Flagellum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020383. [PMID: 36833310 PMCID: PMC9956255 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major health problem worldwide without an effective therapy or cure. It is estimated to affect 8-12% of couples in the reproductive age group, equally affecting both genders. There is no single cause of infertility, and its knowledge is still far from complete, with about 30% of infertile couples having no cause identified (named idiopathic infertility). Among male causes of infertility, asthenozoospermia (i.e., reduced sperm motility) is one of the most observed, being estimated that more than 20% of infertile men have this condition. In recent years, many researchers have focused on possible factors leading to asthenozoospermia, revealing the existence of many cellular and molecular players. So far, more than 4000 genes are thought to be involved in sperm production and as regulators of different aspects of sperm development, maturation, and function, and all can potentially cause male infertility if mutated. In this review, we aim to give a brief overview of the typical sperm flagellum morphology and compile some of the most relevant information regarding the genetic factors involved in male infertility, with a focus on sperm immotility and on genes related to sperm flagellum development, structure, or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Pereira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-1918-127-817
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Horani A, Gupta DK, Xu J, Xu H, Del Carmen Puga-Molina L, Santi CM, Ramagiri S, Brennen SK, Pan J, Huang T, Hyland RM, Gunsten SP, Tzeng SC, Strahle JM, Mill P, Mahjoub MR, Dutcher SK, Brody SL. The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523966. [PMID: 36712068 PMCID: PMC9882222 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
DNAAF5 is a dynein motor assembly factor associated with the autosomal heterogenic recessive condition of motile cilia, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The effects of allele heterozygosity on motile cilia function are unknown. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice to recreate a human missense variant identified in patients with mild PCD and a second, frameshift null deletion in Dnaaf5 . Litters with Dnaaf5 heteroallelic variants showed distinct missense and null gene dosage effects. Homozygosity for the null Dnaaf5 alleles was embryonic lethal. Compound heterozygous animals with the missense and null alleles showed severe disease manifesting as hydrocephalus and early lethality. However, animals homozygous for the missense mutation had improved survival, with partial preserved cilia function and motor assembly observed by ultrastructure analysis. Notably, the same variant alleles exhibited divergent cilia function across different multiciliated tissues. Proteomic analysis of isolated airway cilia from mutant mice revealed reduction in some axonemal regulatory and structural proteins not previously reported in DNAAF5 variants. While transcriptional analysis of mouse and human mutant cells showed increased expression of genes coding for axonemal proteins. Together, these findings suggest allele-specific and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly that may affect disease phenotypes and clinical trajectory in motile ciliopathies. Brief Summary A mouse model of human DNAAF5 primary ciliary dyskinesia variants reveals gene dosage effects of mutant alleles and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly.
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13
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Liu Y, Wu Q, Sun T, Huang J, Han G, Han H. DNAAF5 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma malignant progression by recruiting USP39 to improve PFKL protein stability. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032579. [PMID: 36276075 PMCID: PMC9582515 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposesDynein axonemal assembly factor 5 (DNAAF5) is the transcription factor of regulating the cytoskeleton and hydrodynamic protein complex assembly, however, it was not well elucidated in the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe investigated the role of DNAAF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma by using multiple groups of clinical tissues combined with data from the TCGA database. Then we overexpressed DNAAF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissues, which correlates with poor patient survival outcomes. Furthermore, we constructed stable cell lines of HCC cells to confirm the cancer-promoting effects of DNAAF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. To explore the mechanisms of DNAAF5, transcriptome sequencing combined with mass spectrometry was also performed, which showed that DNAAF5 affects its downstream signaling pathway by interacting with PFKL and that DNAAF5 regulates PFKL protein stability by recruiting the deubiquitination protein, USP39. To corroborate these findings, the same series of tissue microarrays were used to confirm correlations between DNAAF5 and PFKL expressions. In animal experiments, DNAAF5 also promoted the proliferation of HCC cells.ResultsWe found that DNAAF5 expressions were markedly higher in HCC tissues, compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Increased levels of DNAAF5 were associated with significantly worse prognostic outcomes for HCC patients. Cell function experiments showed that HCC cells of overexpressing DNAAF5 exhibited faster proliferation rates, stronger clone formation abilities and higher drug resistance rates. However, tumor cell proliferation rates and colony formation were significantly decreased after DNAAF5 knockout, accompanied by an increase in sensitivity to sorafenib. In addition, the results of our study showed that DNAAF5 accelerates PFKL protein deubiquitination by recruiting USP39 in HCC cells. Furthermore, The overexpression of DNAAF5 could promote HCC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro, whereas USP39 knockdown inhibited this effect. Overall, DNAAF5 serves as a scaffold protein to recruit USP39 to form a ternary complex by directly binding the PFKL protein, thereby improving the stability of the latter, which promotes the malignant process of hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionsThese findings revealed DNAAF5 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. It underlying mechanism showed that DNAAF5 directly binds PFKL and recruits the deubiquitinated protein (USP39) to improve the stability of the PFKL protein, thus enhancing abnormal glycolysis in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Medical Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Junxing Huang, ; Gaohua Han, ; Hexu Han,
| | - Gaohua Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Junxing Huang, ; Gaohua Han, ; Hexu Han,
| | - Hexu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Junxing Huang, ; Gaohua Han, ; Hexu Han,
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Schultz R, Elenius V, Fassad MR, Freke G, Rogers A, Shoemark A, Koistinen T, Mohamed MA, Lim JSY, Mitchison HM, Sironen AI. CFAP300 mutation causing primary ciliary dyskinesia in Finland. Front Genet 2022; 13:985227. [PMID: 36246608 PMCID: PMC9561811 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.985227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections and in some cases laterality defects and infertility. The symptoms of PCD are caused by malfunction of motile cilia, hair-like organelles protruding out of the cell that are responsible for removal of mucus from the airways and organizing internal organ positioning during embryonic development. PCD is caused by mutations in genes coding for structural or assembly proteins in motile cilia. Thus far mutations in over 50 genes have been identified and these variants explain around 70% of all known cases. Population specific genetics underlying PCD has been reported, thus highlighting the importance of characterizing gene variants in different populations for development of gene-based diagnostics. In this study, we identified a recurrent loss-of-function mutation c.198_200delinsCC in CFAP300 causing lack of the protein product. PCD patients homozygous for the identified CFAP300 mutation have immotile airway epithelial cilia associated with missing dynein arms in their ciliary axonemes. Furthermore, using super resolution microscopy we demonstrate that CFAP300 is transported along cilia in normal human airway epithelial cells suggesting a role for CFAP300 in dynein complex transport in addition to preassembly in the cytoplasm. Our results highlight the importance of CFAP300 in dynein arm assembly and improve diagnostics of PCD in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Schultz
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Varpu Elenius
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mahmoud R. Fassad
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Grace Freke
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rogers
- PCD Diagnostic Team and Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospita, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- PCD Diagnostic Team and Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospita, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tiina Koistinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mai A. Mohamed
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jacqueline S. Y. Lim
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anu I. Sironen
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anu I. Sironen,
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The Role of Hsp90-R2TP in Macromolecular Complex Assembly and Stabilization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081045. [PMID: 36008939 PMCID: PMC9406135 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone involved in many cell signaling pathways, and its interactions with specific chaperones and cochaperones determines which client proteins to fold. Hsp90 has been shown to be involved in the promotion and maintenance of proper protein complex assembly either alone or in association with other chaperones such as the R2TP chaperone complex. Hsp90-R2TP acts through several mechanisms, such as by controlling the transcription of protein complex subunits, stabilizing protein subcomplexes before their incorporation into the entire complex, and by recruiting adaptors that facilitate complex assembly. Despite its many roles in protein complex assembly, detailed mechanisms of how Hsp90-R2TP assembles protein complexes have yet to be determined, with most findings restricted to proteomic analyses and in vitro interactions. This review will discuss our current understanding of the function of Hsp90-R2TP in the assembly, stabilization, and activity of the following seven classes of protein complexes: L7Ae snoRNPs, spliceosome snRNPs, RNA polymerases, PIKKs, MRN, TSC, and axonemal dynein arms.
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The Translational Landscape of SARS-CoV-2-infected Cells Reveals Suppression of Innate Immune Genes. mBio 2022; 13:e0081522. [PMID: 35604092 PMCID: PMC9239271 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00815-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes a number of strategies to modulate viral and host mRNA translation. Here, we used ribosome profiling in SARS-CoV-2-infected model cell lines and primary airway cells grown at an air-liquid interface to gain a deeper understanding of the translationally regulated events in response to virus replication. We found that SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs dominate the cellular mRNA pool but are not more efficiently translated than cellular mRNAs. SARS-CoV-2 utilized a highly efficient ribosomal frameshifting strategy despite notable accumulation of ribosomes within the slippery sequence on the frameshifting element. In a highly permissive cell line model, although SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the transcriptional upregulation of numerous chemokine, cytokine, and interferon-stimulated genes, many of these mRNAs were not translated efficiently. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host mRNA translation was more subtle in primary cells, with marked transcriptional and translational upregulation of inflammatory and innate immune responses and downregulation of processes involved in ciliated cell function. Together, these data reveal the key role of mRNA translation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and highlight unique mechanisms for therapeutic development.
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Ondičová M, Irwin RE, Thursby SJ, Hilman L, Caffrey A, Cassidy T, McLaughlin M, Lees-Murdock DJ, Ward M, Murphy M, Lamers Y, Pentieva K, McNulty H, Walsh CP. Folic acid intervention during pregnancy alters DNA methylation, affecting neural target genes through two distinct mechanisms. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:63. [PMID: 35578268 PMCID: PMC9112484 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously showed that continued folic acid (FA) supplementation beyond the first trimester of pregnancy appears to have beneficial effects on neurocognitive performance in children followed for up to 11 years, but the biological mechanism for this effect has remained unclear. Using samples from our randomized controlled trial of folic acid supplementation in second and third trimester (FASSTT), where significant improvements in cognitive and psychosocial performance were demonstrated in children from mothers supplemented in pregnancy with 400 µg/day FA compared with placebo, we examined methylation patterns from cord blood (CB) using the EPIC array which covers approximately 850,000 cytosine–guanine (CG) sites across the genome. Genes showing significant differences were verified using pyrosequencing and mechanistic approaches used in vitro to determine effects on transcription. Results FA supplementation resulted in significant differences in methylation, particularly at brain-related genes. Further analysis showed these genes split into two groups. In one group, which included the CES1 gene, methylation changes at the promoters were important for regulating transcription. We also identified a second group which had a characteristic bimodal profile, with low promoter and high gene body (GB) methylation. In the latter, loss of methylation in the GB is linked to decreases in transcription: this group included the PRKAR1B/HEATR2 genes and the dopamine receptor regulator PDE4C. Overall, methylation in CB also showed good correlation with methylation profiles seen in a published data set of late gestation foetal brain samples. Conclusion We show here clear alterations in DNA methylation at specific classes of neurodevelopmental genes in the same cohort of children, born to FA-supplemented mothers, who previously showed improved cognitive and psychosocial performance. Our results show measurable differences at neural genes which are important for transcriptional regulation and add to the supporting evidence for continued FA supplementation throughout later gestation. This trial was registered on 15 May 2013 at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN19917787. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01282-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Ondičová
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rachelle E Irwin
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sara-Jayne Thursby
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.,The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Luke Hilman
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aoife Caffrey
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tony Cassidy
- Psychology Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marian McLaughlin
- Psychology Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Diane J Lees-Murdock
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mary Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Unitat de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina Pentieva
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helene McNulty
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden.
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18
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Djenoune L, Berg K, Brueckner M, Yuan S. A change of heart: new roles for cilia in cardiac development and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:211-227. [PMID: 34862511 PMCID: PMC10161238 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac abnormalities have been observed in a growing class of human disorders caused by defective primary cilia, the function of cilia in the heart remains an underexplored area. The primary function of cilia in the heart was long thought to be restricted to left-right axis patterning during embryogenesis. However, new findings have revealed broad roles for cilia in congenital heart disease, valvulogenesis, myocardial fibrosis and regeneration, and mechanosensation. In this Review, we describe advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which cilia function contributes to cardiac left-right axis development and discuss the latest findings that highlight a broader role for cilia in cardiac development. Specifically, we examine the growing line of evidence connecting cilia function to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Furthermore, we also highlight research from the past 10 years demonstrating the role of cilia function in common cardiac valve disorders, including mitral valve prolapse and aortic valve disease, and describe findings that implicate cardiac cilia in mechanosensation potentially linking haemodynamic and contractile forces with genetic regulation of cardiac development and function. Finally, given the presence of cilia on cardiac fibroblasts, we also explore the potential role of cilia in fibrotic growth and summarize the evidence implicating cardiac cilia in heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Djenoune
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Berg
- Department of Paediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martina Brueckner
- Department of Paediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Shiaulou Yuan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Pervasive occurrence of splice-site-creating mutations and their possible involvement in genetic disorders. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:22. [PMID: 35304488 PMCID: PMC8933504 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for causative mutations in human genetic disorders has mainly focused on mutations that disrupt coding regions or splice sites. Recently, however, it has been reported that mutations creating splice sites can also cause a range of genetic disorders. In this study, we identified 5656 candidate splice-site-creating mutations (SCMs), of which 3942 are likely to be pathogenic, in 4054 genes responsible for genetic disorders. Reanalysis of exome data obtained from ciliopathy patients led us to identify 38 SCMs as candidate causative mutations. We estimate that, by focusing on SCMs, the increase in diagnosis rate is approximately 5.9–8.5% compared to the number of already known pathogenic variants. This finding suggests that SCMs are mutations worth focusing on in the search for causative mutations of genetic disorders.
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20
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Mikec Š, Kolenc Ž, Peterlin B, Horvat S, Pogorevc N, Kunej T. Syndromic male subfertility: a network view of genome-phenome associations. Andrology 2022; 10:720-732. [PMID: 35218153 PMCID: PMC9314622 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Male infertility is a disorder of the reproductive system with a highly complex genetic landscape. In most cases, the reason for male infertility remains unknown; however, the importance of genetic abnormalities in the diagnosis of subfertility/infertility is becoming increasingly recognized. Several syndromes include impaired male fertility in the clinical picture, although a comprehensive analysis of genetic causes of the syndromology perspective of male reproduction is not yet available. Objectives (1) To develop a catalog of syndromes and corresponding genes associated with impaired male fertility and (2) to visualize an up‐to‐date genome–phenome network of syndromic male subfertility. Materials and methods Published literature was retrieved from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Orphanet, Human Phenotype Ontology and PubMed databases using keywords “male infertility,” “syndrome,” “gene,” and “case report”; time period from 1980 to September, 2021. Retrieved data were organized as a catalog and complemented with identification numbers of syndromes (MIM ID) and genes (Gene ID). The genome–phenome network and the phenome network were visualized using Cytoscape and Gephi software platforms. Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed using STRING tool. Results Retrieved syndromes were presented as (1) a catalog containing 63 syndromes and 93 associated genes, (2) a genome–phenome network including CHD7 and WT1 genes and Noonan and Kartagener syndromes, and (3) a phenome network including 63 syndromes, and 25 categories of clinical features. Discussion The developed catalog will contribute to the advances and translational impact toward understanding the factors of syndromic male infertility. Visualized networks provide simple, flexible tools for clinicians and researchers to quickly generate hypotheses and gain a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms affecting male reproduction. Conclusion Recognition of the significance of genome–phenome visualization as part of network medicine can help expedite efforts toward unravelling molecular mechanisms and enable advances personal/precision medicine of male reproduction and other complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Mikec
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Živa Kolenc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Neža Pogorevc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
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21
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Niziolek M, Bicka M, Osinka A, Samsel Z, Sekretarska J, Poprzeczko M, Bazan R, Fabczak H, Joachimiak E, Wloga D. PCD Genes-From Patients to Model Organisms and Back to Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031749. [PMID: 35163666 PMCID: PMC8836003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a hereditary genetic disorder caused by the lack of motile cilia or the assembxly of dysfunctional ones. This rare human disease affects 1 out of 10,000-20,000 individuals and is caused by mutations in at least 50 genes. The past twenty years brought significant progress in the identification of PCD-causative genes and in our understanding of the connections between causative mutations and ciliary defects observed in affected individuals. These scientific advances have been achieved, among others, due to the extensive motile cilia-related research conducted using several model organisms, ranging from protists to mammals. These are unicellular organisms such as the green alga Chlamydomonas, the parasitic protist Trypanosoma, and free-living ciliates, Tetrahymena and Paramecium, the invertebrate Schmidtea, and vertebrates such as zebrafish, Xenopus, and mouse. Establishing such evolutionarily distant experimental models with different levels of cell or body complexity was possible because both basic motile cilia ultrastructure and protein composition are highly conserved throughout evolution. Here, we characterize model organisms commonly used to study PCD-related genes, highlight their pros and cons, and summarize experimental data collected using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Niziolek
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Marta Bicka
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Osinka
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Zuzanna Samsel
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Justyna Sekretarska
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Martyna Poprzeczko
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Bazan
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (D.W.); Tel.: +48-22-58-92-338 (E.J. & D.W.)
| | - Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.O.); (Z.S.); (J.S.); (M.P.); (R.B.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (D.W.); Tel.: +48-22-58-92-338 (E.J. & D.W.)
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22
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Combining RSPH9 founder mutation screening and next-generation sequencing analysis is efficient for primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis in Saudi patients. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:381-386. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-01006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Choi J, Lee S, Ohkawa K, Hwang DS. Counterplotting the Mechanosensing-Based Fouling Mechanism of Mussels against Fouling. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18566-18579. [PMID: 34766757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms react to various factors when building colonies for survival; however, severe accumulation of diverse organisms on artificial structures located close to water causes large industrial losses. Herein, we identify a concept in the development of antifouling surfaces based on understanding the surface stiffness recognition procedure of mussel adhesion at the genetic level. It was found that on a soft surface the combination of decreased adhesive plaque size, adhesion force, and plaque protein downregulation synergistically weakens mussel wet adhesion and sometimes prevents mussels from anchoring, mainly due to transcriptional changes within the mechanosensing pathway and the adhesive proteins in secretory glands. In addition, the use of soft substrates or antagonists of surface mechanosensing behavior suppresses mussel fouling significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Choi
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Kousaku Ohkawa
- Institute for Fiber Engineering, Shinshu University (IFES), Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, 386-8567, Nagano, Japan
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
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24
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Puray-Chavez M, Lee N, Tenneti K, Wang Y, Vuong HR, Liu Y, Horani A, Huang T, Gunsten SP, Case JB, Yang W, Diamond MS, Brody SL, Dougherty J, Kutluay SB. The translational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 and infected cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.11.03.367516. [PMID: 33173862 PMCID: PMC7654850 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.367516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 utilizes a number of strategies to modulate viral and host mRNA translation. Here, we used ribosome profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infected model cell lines and primary airway cells grown at the air-liquid interface to gain a deeper understanding of the translationally regulated events in response to virus replication. We find that SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs dominate the cellular mRNA pool but are not more efficiently translated than cellular mRNAs. SARS-CoV-2 utilized a highly efficient ribosomal frameshifting strategy in comparison to HIV-1, suggesting utilization of distinct structural elements. In the highly permissive cell models, although SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the transcriptional upregulation of numerous chemokines, cytokines and interferon stimulated genes, many of these mRNAs were not translated efficiently. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host mRNA translation was more subtle in primary cells, with marked transcriptional and translational upregulation of inflammatory and innate immune responses and downregulation of processes involved in ciliated cell function. Together, these data reveal the key role of mRNA translation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and highlight unique mechanisms for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kasyap Tenneti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hung R Vuong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean P Gunsten
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sebla B Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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25
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A 'tad' of hope in the fight against airway disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2347-2357. [PMID: 33079166 PMCID: PMC7614538 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus tadpoles have emerged as a powerful in vivo model system to study mucociliary epithelia such as those found in the human airways. The tadpole skin has mucin-secreting cells, motile multi-ciliated cells, ionocytes (control local ionic homeostasis) and basal stem cells. This cellular architecture is very similar to the large airways of the human lungs and represents an easily accessible and experimentally tractable model system to explore the molecular details of mucociliary epithelia. Each of the cell types in the tadpole skin has a human equivalent and a conserved network of genes and signalling pathways for their differentiation has been discovered. Great insight into the function of each of the cell types has been achieved using the Xenopus model and this has enhanced our understanding of airway disease. This simple model has already had a profound impact on the field but, as molecular technologies (e.g. gene editing and live imaging) continue to develop apace, its use for understanding individual cell types and their interactions will likely increase. For example, its small size and genetic tractability make it an ideal model for live imaging of a mucociliary surface especially during environmental challenges such as infection. Further potential exists for the mimicking of human genetic mutations that directly cause airway disease and for the pre-screening of drugs against novel therapeutic targets.
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26
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Brennan SK, Ferkol TW, Davis SD. Emerging Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158272. [PMID: 34361034 PMCID: PMC8348038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited condition affecting motile cilia and leading to organ laterality defects, recurrent sino-pulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, and severe lung disease. Research over the past twenty years has revealed variability in clinical presentations, ranging from mild to more severe phenotypes. Genotype and phenotype relationships have emerged. The increasing availability of genetic panels for PCD continue to redefine these genotype-phenotype relationships and reveal milder forms of disease that had previously gone unrecognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Campus Box 8116, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas W Ferkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Campus Box 8116, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Stephanie D Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
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27
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Sone N, Konishi S, Igura K, Tamai K, Ikeo S, Korogi Y, Kanagaki S, Namba T, Yamamoto Y, Xu Y, Takeuchi K, Adachi Y, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Hagiwara M, Tsukita S, Hirai T, Torisawa YS, Gotoh S. Multicellular modeling of ciliopathy by combining iPS cells and microfluidic airway-on-a-chip technology. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/601/eabb1298. [PMID: 34233948 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an essential lung function that facilitates the removal of inhaled pathogens and foreign matter unidirectionally from the airway tract and is innately achieved by coordinated ciliary beating of multiciliated cells. Should ciliary function become disturbed, mucus can accumulate in the airway causing subsequent obstruction and potentially recurrent pneumonia. However, it has been difficult to recapitulate unidirectional mucociliary flow using human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and the mechanism governing the flow has not yet been elucidated, hampering the proper humanized airway disease modeling. Here, we combine human iPSCs and airway-on-a-chip technology, to demonstrate the effectiveness of fluid shear stress (FSS) for regulating the global axis of multicellular planar cell polarity (PCP), as well as inducing ciliogenesis, thereby contributing to quantifiable unidirectional mucociliary flow. Furthermore, we applied the findings to disease modeling of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic disease characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance. The application of an airway cell sheet derived from patient-derived iPSCs and their gene-edited counterparts, as well as genetic knockout iPSCs of PCD causative genes, made it possible to recapitulate the abnormal ciliary functions in organized PCP using the airway-on-a-chip. These findings suggest that the disease model of PCD developed here is a potential platform for making diagnoses and identifying therapeutic targets and that airway reconstruction therapy using mechanical stress to regulate PCP might have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Igura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Namba
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109364. [PMID: 34214467 PMCID: PMC8220945 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) variants govern transmissibility, responsiveness to vaccination, and disease severity. In a screen for new models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identify human H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells as naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite complete absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Remarkably, H522 infection requires the E484D S variant; viruses expressing wild-type S are not infectious. Anti-S monoclonal antibodies differentially neutralize SARS-CoV-2 E484D S in H522 cells as compared to ACE2-expressing cells. Sera from vaccinated individuals block this alternative entry mechanism, whereas convalescent sera are less effective. Although the H522 receptor remains unknown, depletion of surface heparan sulfates block H522 infection. Temporally resolved transcriptomic and proteomic profiling reveal alterations in cell cycle and the antiviral host cell response, including MDA5-dependent activation of type I interferon signaling. These findings establish an alternative SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor for the E484D SARS-CoV-2 variant, which may impact tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently human disease pathogenesis.
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29
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Biallelic hypomorphic mutations in HEATR5B, encoding HEAT repeat-containing protein 5B, in a neurological syndrome with pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:957-964. [PMID: 33824466 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HEAT repeats are 37-47 amino acid flexible tandem repeat structural motifs occurring in a wide variety of eukaryotic proteins with diverse functions. Due to their ability to undergo elastic conformational changes, they often serve as scaffolds at sites of protein interactions. Here, we describe four affected children from two families presenting with pontocerebellar hypoplasia manifest clinically with neonatal seizures, severe intellectual disability, and motor delay. Whole exome sequencing identified biallelic variants at predicted splice sites in intron 31 of HEATR5B, encoding the HEAT repeat-containing protein 5B segregating in a recessive fashion. Aberrant splicing was found in patient fibroblasts, which correlated with reduced levels of HEATR5B protein. HEATR5B is expressed during brain development in human, and we failed to recover live-born homozygous Heatr5b knockout mice. Taken together, our results implicate loss of HEATR5B in pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
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30
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Identification of a frame shift mutation in the CCDC151 gene in a Han-Chinese family with Kartagener syndrome. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225129. [PMID: 32490514 PMCID: PMC7298131 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kartagener syndrome (KS), a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), is characterized by bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, male infertility and situs inversus. KS is a genetically heterogeneous disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive form; however, X-linked inheritance has also been reported. As of this writing [late 2020], at least 34 loci, most of which have known genes, have been reported in the literature as associating with KS. In the present study, we identified a frame shift mutation, c.167delG (p.G56Dfs*26), in the coiled-coil domain containing 151 gene (CCDC151) responsible for KS in a Han-Chinese family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a CCDC151 c.167delG mutation in the KS patient. These findings may expand the CCDC151 mutation spectrum of KS, and contribute to future genetic counseling and gene-targeted therapy for this disease.
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31
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Duong Phu M, Bross S, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Limitations and opportunities in the pharmacotherapy of ciliopathies. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107841. [PMID: 33771583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a family of rather diverse conditions, which have been grouped based on the finding of altered or dysfunctional cilia, potentially motile, small cellular antennae extending from the surface of postmitotic cells. Cilia-related disorders include embryonically arising conditions such as Joubert, Usher or Kartagener syndrome, but also afflictions with a postnatal or even adult onset phenotype, i.e. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The majority of ciliopathies are syndromic rather than affecting only a single organ due to cilia being found on almost any cell in the human body. Overall ciliopathies are considered rare diseases. Despite that, pharmacological research and the strive to help these patients has led to enormous therapeutic advances in the last decade. In this review we discuss new treatment options for certain ciliopathies, give an outlook on promising future therapeutic strategies, but also highlight the limitations in the development of therapeutic approaches of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Duong Phu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bross
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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Puray-Chavez M, LaPak KM, Schrank TP, Elliott JL, Bhatt DP, Agajanian MJ, Jasuja R, Lawson DQ, Davis K, Rothlauf PW, Jo H, Lee N, Tenneti K, Eschbach JE, Mugisha CS, Vuong HR, Bailey AL, Hayes DN, Whelan SP, Horani A, Brody SL, Goldfarb D, Major MB, Kutluay SB. Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.01.433431. [PMID: 33688646 PMCID: PMC7941617 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.01.433431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Established in vitro models for SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited and include cell lines of non-human origin and those engineered to overexpress ACE2, the cognate host cell receptor. We identified human H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells as naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite complete absence of ACE2. Infection of H522 cells required the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, though in contrast to ACE2-dependent models, spike alone was not sufficient for H522 infection. Temporally resolved transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed alterations in cell cycle and the antiviral host cell response, including MDA5-dependent activation of type-I interferon signaling. Focused chemical screens point to important roles for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and endosomal cathepsins in SARS-CoV-2 infection of H522 cells. These findings imply the utilization of an alternative SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor which may impact tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently human disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle M. LaPak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Travis P. Schrank
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Elliott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dhaval P. Bhatt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan J. Agajanian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ria Jasuja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana Q. Lawson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keanu Davis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul W. Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heejoon Jo
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kasyap Tenneti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna E. Eschbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Shema Mugisha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hung R. Vuong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sean P.J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Ben Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebla B. Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Lead Contact
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33
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Understanding Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Other Ciliopathies. J Pediatr 2021; 230:15-22.e1. [PMID: 33242470 PMCID: PMC8690631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a collection of disorders related to cilia dysfunction. Cilia are specialized organelles that project from the surface of most cells. Motile and primary (sensory) cilia are essential structures and have wide ranging functions. Our understanding of the genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of motile ciliopathies, including primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), has rapidly advanced since the disease was linked to ciliary ultrastructural defects nearly five decades ago. We will provide an overview of different types of cilia, their role in child health and disease, focusing on motile ciliopathies, and describe recent advances that have led to improved diagnostics and may yield therapeutic targets to restore ciliary structure and function.
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34
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Aprea I, Raidt J, Höben IM, Loges NT, Nöthe-Menchen T, Pennekamp P, Olbrich H, Kaiser T, Biebach L, Tüttelmann F, Horvath J, Schubert M, Krallmann C, Kliesch S, Omran H. Defects in the cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal dynein arms cause morphological abnormalities and dysmotility in sperm cells leading to male infertility. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009306. [PMID: 33635866 PMCID: PMC7909641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonemal protein complexes, such as outer (ODA) and inner (IDA) dynein arms, are responsible for the generation and regulation of flagellar and ciliary beating. Studies in various ciliated model organisms have shown that axonemal dynein arms are first assembled in the cell cytoplasm and then delivered into axonemes during ciliogenesis. In humans, mutations in genes encoding for factors involved in this process cause structural and functional defects of motile cilia in various organs such as the airways and result in the hereditary disorder primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Despite extensive knowledge about the cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal dynein arms in respiratory cilia, this process is still poorly understood in sperm flagella. To better define its clinical relevance on sperm structure and function, and thus male fertility, further investigations are required. Here we report the fertility status in different axonemal dynein preassembly mutant males (DNAAF2/ KTU, DNAAF4/ DYX1C1, DNAAF6/ PIH1D3, DNAAF7/ZMYND10, CFAP300/C11orf70 and LRRC6). Besides andrological examinations, we functionally and structurally analyzed sperm flagella of affected individuals by high-speed video- and transmission electron microscopy as well as systematically compared the composition of dynein arms in sperm flagella and respiratory cilia by immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we analyzed the flagellar length in dynein preassembly mutant sperm. We found that the process of axonemal dynein preassembly is also critical in sperm, by identifying defects of ODAs and IDAs in dysmotile sperm of these individuals. Interestingly, these mutant sperm consistently show a complete loss of ODAs, while some respiratory cilia from the same individual can retain ODAs in the proximal ciliary compartment. This agrees with reports of solely one distinct ODA type in sperm, compared to two different ODA types in proximal and distal respiratory ciliary axonemes. Consistent with observations in model organisms, we also determined a significant reduction of sperm flagellar length in these individuals. These findings are relevant to subsequent studies on the function and composition of sperm flagella in PCD patients and non-syndromic infertile males. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the fertility status in PCD-affected males and should help guide genetic and andrological counselling for affected males and their families. Impaired male fertility is a major issue and affects several men worldwide. Patients may present with reduced number or complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate, as well as functional and/or morphological sperm defects compromising sperm motility. Despite several diagnostic efforts, the underlying causes of these defects often remain unknown („idiopathic“). The beating of sperm flagella as well as motile cilia, such as those of the respiratory tract, is driven by dynein-based motor protein complexes, namely outer and inner dynein arms. In motile cilia these protein complexes are known to be first assembled in the cytoplasm and then delivered into the cilium. In sperm, this process is still poorly understood. Here we analyze sperm cells of male individuals with mutations in distinct genes encoding factors involved in the preassembly of these motor protein complexes. Consistent with defects in their respiratory ciliated cells, these individuals also demonstrate defects in sperm flagella that cause male infertility due to immotile sperm, with a reduction of flagellar length. Our results strengthen the assumption that the preassembly process of outer and inner dynein arms is clinically relevant also in sperm and provide knowledge that should guide genetic and andrological counselling for a subgroup of men with idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Aprea
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johanna Raidt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Inga Marlena Höben
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Niki Tomas Loges
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tabea Nöthe-Menchen
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Biebach
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Judit Horvath
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Schubert
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudia Krallmann
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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35
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Adivitiya, Kaushik MS, Chakraborty S, Veleri S, Kateriya S. Mucociliary Respiratory Epithelium Integrity in Molecular Defense and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Viral Infections. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:95. [PMID: 33572760 PMCID: PMC7911113 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucociliary defense, mediated by the ciliated and goblet cells, is fundamental to respiratory fitness. The concerted action of ciliary movement on the respiratory epithelial surface and the pathogen entrapment function of mucus help to maintain healthy airways. Consequently, genetic or acquired defects in lung defense elicit respiratory diseases and secondary microbial infections that inflict damage on pulmonary function and may even be fatal. Individuals living with chronic and acute respiratory diseases are more susceptible to develop severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) illness and hence should be proficiently managed. In light of the prevailing pandemic, we review the current understanding of the respiratory system and its molecular components with a major focus on the pathophysiology arising due to collapsed respiratory epithelium integrity such as abnormal ciliary movement, cilia loss and dysfunction, ciliated cell destruction, and changes in mucus rheology. The review includes protein interaction networks of coronavirus infection-manifested implications on the molecular machinery that regulates mucociliary clearance. We also provide an insight into the alteration of the transcriptional networks of genes in the nasopharynx associated with the mucociliary clearance apparatus in humans upon infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adivitiya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Manish Singh Kaushik
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India;
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
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36
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Hawkins FJ, Suzuki S, Beermann ML, Barillà C, Wang R, Villacorta-Martin C, Berical A, Jean JC, Le Suer J, Matte T, Simone-Roach C, Tang Y, Schlaeger TM, Crane AM, Matthias N, Huang SXL, Randell SH, Wu J, Spence JR, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Rab A, Sorsher EJ, Horani A, Brody SL, Davis BR, Kotton DN. Derivation of Airway Basal Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:79-95.e8. [PMID: 33098807 PMCID: PMC7796997 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The derivation of tissue-specific stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would have broad reaching implications for regenerative medicine. Here, we report the directed differentiation of human iPSCs into airway basal cells ("iBCs"), a population resembling the stem cell of the airway epithelium. Using a dual fluorescent reporter system (NKX2-1GFP;TP63tdTomato), we track and purify these cells as they first emerge as developmentally immature NKX2-1GFP+ lung progenitors and subsequently augment a TP63 program during proximal airway epithelial patterning. In response to primary basal cell medium, NKX2-1GFP+/TP63tdTomato+ cells display the molecular and functional phenotype of airway basal cells, including the capacity to self-renew or undergo multi-lineage differentiation in vitro and in tracheal xenografts in vivo. iBCs and their differentiated progeny model perturbations that characterize acquired and genetic airway diseases, including the mucus metaplasia of asthma, chloride channel dysfunction of cystic fibrosis, and ciliary defects of primary ciliary dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary Lou Beermann
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Cristina Barillà
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J C Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jake Le Suer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Yang Tang
- Boston Children's Hospital Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Boston Children's Hospital Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ana M Crane
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andras Rab
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eric J Sorsher
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian R Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Lee C, Cox RM, Papoulas O, Horani A, Drew K, Devitt CC, Brody SL, Marcotte EM, Wallingford JB. Functional partitioning of a liquid-like organelle during assembly of axonemal dyneins. eLife 2020; 9:e58662. [PMID: 33263282 PMCID: PMC7785291 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary motility is driven by axonemal dyneins that are assembled in the cytoplasm before deployment to cilia. Motile ciliopathy can result from defects in the dyneins themselves or from defects in factors required for their cytoplasmic pre-assembly. Recent work demonstrates that axonemal dyneins, their specific assembly factors, and broadly-acting chaperones are concentrated in liquid-like organelles in the cytoplasm called DynAPs (Dynein Axonemal Particles). Here, we use in vivo imaging in Xenopus to show that inner dynein arm (IDA) and outer dynein arm (ODA) subunits are partitioned into non-overlapping sub-regions within DynAPs. Using affinity- purification mass-spectrometry of in vivo interaction partners, we also identify novel partners for inner and outer dynein arms. Among these, we identify C16orf71/Daap1 as a novel axonemal dynein regulator. Daap1 interacts with ODA subunits, localizes specifically to the cytoplasm, is enriched in DynAPs, and is required for the deployment of ODAs to axonemes. Our work reveals a new complexity in the structure and function of a cell-type specific liquid-like organelle that is directly relevant to human genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Rachael M Cox
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Ophelia Papoulas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Kevin Drew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Caitlin C Devitt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of TexasAustinUnited States
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Legendre M, Zaragosi LE, Mitchison HM. Motile cilia and airway disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 110:19-33. [PMID: 33279404 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A finely regulated system of airway epithelial development governs the differentiation of motile ciliated cells of the human respiratory tract, conferring the body's mucociliary clearance defence system. Human cilia dysfunction can arise through genetic mutations and this is a cause of debilitating disease morbidities that confer a greatly reduced quality of life. The inherited human motile ciliopathy disorder, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), can arise from mutations in genes affecting various aspects of motile cilia structure and function through deficient production, transport and assembly of cilia motility components or through defective multiciliogenesis. Our understanding about the development of the respiratory epithelium, motile cilia biology and the implications for human pathology has expanded greatly over the past 20 years since isolation of the first PCD gene, rising to now nearly 50 genes. Systems level insights about cilia motility in health and disease have been made possible through intensive molecular and omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) research, applied in ciliate organisms and in animal and human disease modelling. Here, we review ciliated airway development and the genetic stratification that underlies PCD, for which the underlying genotype can increasingly be connected to biological mechanism and disease prognostics. Progress in this field can facilitate clinical translation of research advances, with potential for great medical impact, e.g. through improvements in ciliopathy disease diagnosis, management, family counselling and by enhancing the potential for future genetically tailored approaches to disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Legendre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | | | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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Abstract
Asthenozoospermia (AZS), defined by reduced motility or absent sperm motility, is one of the main causes of male infertility. This condition may be divided into isolated AZS in the absence of other symptoms and syndromic AZS, which is characterized by several concurrent clinical symptoms. Sperm motility depends on fully functional flagellum, energy availability, and the crosstalk of several signaling pathways; therefore, mutations in genes involved in flagellar assembly and motile regulation can cause AZS. Thus, it is crucial to understand the genetic causes and mechanisms contributing to AZS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the particular genes and mechanisms involved in intact flagellum, energy availability, and signaling transduction that could cause human AZS and discuss the respective gene defects known to be responsible for these abnormalities. Additionally, we discuss intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes and offspring health where available in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Tu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tongyao Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Immunofluorescence Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool in a Spanish Cohort of Patients with Suspected Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113603. [PMID: 33182294 PMCID: PMC7695268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive rare disease caused by an alteration of ciliary structure. Immunofluorescence, consisting in the detection of the presence and distribution of cilia proteins in human respiratory cells by fluorescence, has been recently proposed as a technique to improve understanding of disease-causing genes and diagnosis rate in PCD. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of a panel of four fluorescently labeled antibodies (DNAH5, DNALI1, GAS8 and RSPH4A or RSPH9) as a PCD diagnostic tool in the absence of transmission electron microscopy analysis. The panel was tested in nasal brushing samples of 74 patients with clinical suspicion of PCD. Sixty-eight (91.9%) patients were evaluable for all tested antibodies. Thirty-three cases (44.6%) presented an absence or mislocation of protein in the ciliary axoneme (15 absent and 3 proximal distribution of DNAH5 in the ciliary axoneme, 3 absent DNAH5 and DNALI1, 7 absent DNALI1 and cytoplasmatic localization of GAS8, 1 absent GAS8, 3 absent RSPH9 and 1 absent RSPH4A). Fifteen patients had confirmed or highly likely PCD but normal immunofluorescence results (68.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity). In conclusion, immunofluorescence analysis is a quick, available, low-cost and reliable diagnostic test for PCD, although it cannot be used as a standalone test.
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Konno A, Inaba K. Region-Specific Loss of Two-Headed Ciliary Dyneins in Ascidian Endostyle. Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:512-518. [DOI: 10.2108/zs200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alu Konno
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda 5-10-1, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
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Abstract
Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) that impair ciliary beating cause a variety of motile ciliopathies, a heterogeneous group of rare disorders. The pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical symptoms and severity of the disease depend on the specific affected genes and the tissues in which they are expressed. Defects in the ependymal cilia can result in hydrocephalus, defects in the cilia in the fallopian tubes or in sperm flagella can cause female and male subfertility, respectively, and malfunctional motile monocilia of the left-right organizer during early embryonic development can lead to laterality defects such as situs inversus and heterotaxy. If mucociliary clearance in the respiratory epithelium is severely impaired, the disorder is referred to as primary ciliary dyskinesia, the most common motile ciliopathy. No single test can confirm a diagnosis of motile ciliopathy, which is based on a combination of tests including nasal nitric oxide measurement, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and genetic analyses, and high-speed video microscopy. With the exception of azithromycin, there is no evidence-based treatment for primary ciliary dyskinesia; therapies aim at relieving symptoms and reducing the effects of reduced ciliary motility.
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Bustamante-Marin XM, Horani A, Stoyanova M, Charng WL, Bottier M, Sears PR, Yin WN, Daniels LA, Bowen H, Conrad DF, Knowles MR, Ostrowski LE, Zariwala MA, Dutcher SK. Mutation of CFAP57, a protein required for the asymmetric targeting of a subset of inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas, causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008691. [PMID: 32764743 PMCID: PMC7444499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by chronic airway disease, reduced fertility, and randomization of the left/right body axis. It is caused by defects of motile cilia and sperm flagella. We screened a cohort of affected individuals that lack an obvious axonemal defect for pathogenic variants using whole exome capture, next generation sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis assuming an autosomal recessive trait. We identified one subject with an apparently homozygous nonsense variant [(c.1762C>T), p.(Arg588*)] in the uncharacterized CFAP57 gene. Interestingly, the variant results in the skipping of exon 11 (58 amino acids), which may be due to disruption of an exonic splicing enhancer. In normal human nasal epithelial cells, CFAP57 localizes throughout the ciliary axoneme. Nasal cells from the PCD patient express a shorter, mutant version of CFAP57 and the protein is not incorporated into the axoneme. The missing 58 amino acids include portions of WD repeats that may be important for loading onto the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes for transport or docking onto the axoneme. A reduced beat frequency and an alteration in ciliary waveform was observed. Knockdown of CFAP57 in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (hTECs) recapitulates these findings. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CFAP57 is highly conserved in organisms that assemble motile cilia. CFAP57 is allelic with the BOP2/IDA8/FAP57 gene identified previously in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Two independent, insertional fap57 Chlamydomonas mutant strains show reduced swimming velocity and altered waveforms. Tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectroscopy shows that FAP57 is missing, and the "g" inner dyneins (DHC7 and DHC3) and the "d" inner dynein (DHC2) are reduced, but the FAP57 paralog FBB7 is increased. Together, our data identify a homozygous variant in CFAP57 that causes PCD that is likely due to a defect in the inner dynein arm assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena M. Bustamante-Marin
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mihaela Stoyanova
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wu-Lin Charng
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick R. Sears
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leigh Anne Daniels
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hailey Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence E. Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Alves AA, Gabriel HB, Bezerra MJR, de Souza W, Vaughan S, Cunha-E-Silva NL, Sunter JD. Control of assembly of extra-axonemal structures: the paraflagellar rod of trypanosomes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242271. [PMID: 32295845 PMCID: PMC7272336 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic flagella are complex microtubule-based organelles that, in many organisms, contain extra-axonemal structures, such as the outer dense fibres of mammalian sperm and the paraflagellar rod (PFR) of trypanosomes. Flagellum assembly is a complex process occurring across three main compartments, the cytoplasm, the transition zone and the flagellum itself. The process begins with the translation of protein components followed by their sorting and trafficking into the flagellum, transport to the assembly site and incorporation. Flagella are formed from over 500 proteins and the principles governing assembly of the axonemal components are relatively clear. However, the coordination and location of assembly of extra-axonemal structures are less clear. We have discovered two cytoplasmic proteins in Trypanosoma brucei that are required for PFR formation, PFR assembly factors 1 and 2 (PFR-AF1 and PFR-AF2, respectively). Deletion of either PFR-AF1 or PFR-AF2 dramatically disrupted PFR formation and caused a reduction in the amount of major PFR proteins. The existence of cytoplasmic factors required for PFR formation aligns with the concept that processes facilitating axoneme assembly occur across multiple compartments, and this is likely a common theme for extra-axonemal structure assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Alves
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B Gabriel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Maria J R Bezerra
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Narcisa L Cunha-E-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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Nanavaty V, Abrash EW, Hong C, Park S, Fink EE, Li Z, Sweet TJ, Bhasin JM, Singuri S, Lee BH, Hwang TH, Ting AH. DNA Methylation Regulates Alternative Polyadenylation via CTCF and the Cohesin Complex. Mol Cell 2020; 78:752-764.e6. [PMID: 32333838 PMCID: PMC7245569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methylation and mRNA alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) are both prevalent in cancer and have been studied as independent processes. We discovered a DNA methylation-regulated APA mechanism when we compared genome-wide DNA methylation and polyadenylation site usage between DNA methylation-competent and DNA methylation-deficient cells. Here, we show that removal of DNA methylation enables CTCF binding and recruitment of the cohesin complex, which, in turn, form chromatin loops that promote proximal polyadenylation site usage. In this DNA demethylated context, either deletion of the CTCF binding site or depletion of RAD21 cohesin complex protein can recover distal polyadenylation site usage. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we authenticated the relationship between DNA methylation and mRNA polyadenylation isoform expression in vivo. This DNA methylation-regulated APA mechanism demonstrates how aberrant DNA methylation impacts transcriptome diversity and highlights the potential sequelae of global DNA methylation inhibition as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Nanavaty
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Abrash
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Changjin Hong
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sunho Park
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Emily E Fink
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zhuangyue Li
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Thomas J Sweet
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for RNA Sciences and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bhasin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Srinidhi Singuri
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Byron H Lee
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Angela H Ting
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Zietkiewicz E, Bukowy-Bieryllo Z, Rabiasz A, Daca-Roszak P, Wojda A, Voelkel K, Rutkiewicz E, Pogorzelski A, Rasteiro M, Witt M. CFAP300: Mutations in Slavic Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and a Role in Ciliary Dynein Arms Trafficking. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:440-449. [PMID: 30916986 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0260oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease from a class of ciliopathies. In spite of the recent progress, the genetic basis of PCD in one-third of patients remains unknown. In search for new genes and/or mutations, whole-exome sequencing was performed in 120 unrelated Polish patients with PCD, in whom no genetic cause of PCD was earlier identified. Among a number of pathogenic variants in PCD genes, mutations in CFAP300 (alias C11orf70) were detected. Extended screening in the whole Polish PCD cohort revealed the relatively high frequency (3.6%) of otherwise rare c.[198_200 del_insCC] variant, indicating that it should be included in population-specific genetic tests for PCD in Slavic populations. Immunofluorescence analysis of the respiratory epithelial cells from patients with CFAP300 mutations revealed the absence or aberrant localization of outer and inner dynein arm markers, consistent with transmission electron microscope images indicating the lack of both dynein arms. Interestingly, the disparate localization of DNAH5 and DNALI1 proteins in patients with CFAP300 mutations suggested differential mechanisms for the trafficking of preassembled outer and inner dynein arms to the axoneme. The profile of CFAP300 expression during ciliogenesis in suspension culture was consistent with its role in cilia assembly. Gene silencing experiments, performed in a model organism, Schmidtea mediterranea (flatworm), pointed to the conserved role of CFAP300 in ciliary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Zietkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Rabiasz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Alina Wojda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Voelkel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Rutkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pogorzelski
- Department of Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka, Poland; and
| | - Margarida Rasteiro
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michal Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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47
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Thomas L, Bouhouche K, Whitfield M, Thouvenin G, Coste A, Louis B, Szymanski C, Bequignon E, Papon JF, Castelli M, Lemullois M, Dhalluin X, Drouin-Garraud V, Montantin G, Tissier S, Duquesnoy P, Copin B, Dastot F, Couvet S, Barbotin AL, Faucon C, Honore I, Maitre B, Beydon N, Tamalet A, Rives N, Koll F, Escudier E, Tassin AM, Touré A, Mitchell V, Amselem S, Legendre M. TTC12 Loss-of-Function Mutations Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Unveil Distinct Dynein Assembly Mechanisms in Motile Cilia Versus Flagella. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:153-169. [PMID: 31978331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles whose motility relies on the outer and inner dynein arm complexes (ODAs and IDAs). Defects in ODAs and IDAs result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disease characterized by recurrent airway infections and male infertility. PCD mutations in assembly factors have been shown to cause a combined ODA-IDA defect, affecting both cilia and flagella. We identified four loss-of-function mutations in TTC12, which encodes a cytoplasmic protein, in four independent families in which affected individuals displayed a peculiar PCD phenotype characterized by the absence of ODAs and IDAs in sperm flagella, contrasting with the absence of only IDAs in respiratory cilia. Analyses of both primary cells from individuals carrying TTC12 mutations and human differentiated airway cells invalidated for TTC12 by a CRISPR-Cas9 approach revealed an IDA defect restricted to a subset of single-headed IDAs that are different in flagella and cilia, whereas TTC12 depletion in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia recapitulated the sperm phenotype. Overall, our study, which identifies TTC12 as a gene involved in PCD, unveils distinct dynein assembly mechanisms in human motile cilia versus flagella.
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48
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Rare Human Diseases: Model Organisms in Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121614. [PMID: 31835861 PMCID: PMC6952885 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia, affecting one per 15,000-30,000 individuals; however, the frequency of this disorder is likely underestimated. Even though more than 40 genes are currently associated with PCD, in the case of approximately 30% of patients, the genetic cause of the manifested PCD symptoms remains unknown. Because motile cilia are highly evolutionarily conserved organelles at both the proteomic and ultrastructural levels, analyses in the unicellular and multicellular model organisms can help not only to identify new proteins essential for cilia motility (and thus identify new putative PCD-causative genes), but also to elucidate the function of the proteins encoded by known PCD-causative genes. Consequently, studies involving model organisms can help us to understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind the phenotypic changes observed in the motile cilia of PCD affected patients. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in the genetics and biology of PCD and emphasize the impact of the studies conducted using model organisms on existing knowledge.
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49
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Role of the Novel Hsp90 Co-Chaperones in Dynein Arms' Preassembly. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246174. [PMID: 31817850 PMCID: PMC6940843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer and inner dynein arms (ODAs and IDAs) are composed of multiple subunits including dynein heavy chains possessing a motor domain. These complex structures are preassembled in the cytoplasm before being transported to the cilia. The molecular mechanism(s) controlling dynein arms’ preassembly is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that canonical R2TP complex, an Hsp-90 co-chaperone, in cooperation with dynein axonemal assembly factors (DNAAFs), plays a crucial role in the preassembly of ODAs and IDAs. Here, we have summarized recent data concerning the identification of novel chaperone complexes and their role in dynein arms’ preassembly and their association with primary cilia dyskinesia (PCD), a human genetic disorder.
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Lucas JS, Davis SD, Omran H, Shoemark A. Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the genomics age. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 8:202-216. [PMID: 31624012 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Impaired function of motile cilia causes failure of mucociliary clearance. Patients typically present with neonatal respiratory distress of unknown cause and then continue to have a daily wet cough, recurrent chest infections, perennial rhinosinusitis, otitis media with effusion, and bronchiectasis. Approximately 50% of patients have situs inversus, and infertility is common. While understanding of the underlying genetics and disease mechanisms have substantially advanced in recent years, there remains a paucity of evidence for treatment. Next-generation sequencing has increased gene discovery, and mutations in more than 40 genes have been reported to cause primary ciliary dyskinesia, with many other genes likely to be discovered. Increased knowledge of cilia genes is challenging perceptions of the clinical phenotype, as some genes reported in the last 5 years are associated with mild respiratory disease. Developments in genomics and molecular medicine are rapidly improving diagnosis, and a genetic cause can be identified in approximately 70% of patients known to have primary ciliary dyskinesia. Groups are now investigating novel and personalised treatments, although gene therapies are unlikely to be available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK.
| | - Stephanie D Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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