1
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Matheny CJ, Qadota H, Bailey AO, Valdebenito-Silva S, Oberhauser AF, Benian GM. The myosin chaperone UNC-45 has an important role in maintaining the structure and function of muscle sarcomeres during adult aging. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar98. [PMID: 38809582 PMCID: PMC11244168 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-12-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
C. elegans undergo age-dependent declines in muscle organization and function, similar to human sarcopenia. The chaperone UNC-45 is required to fold myosin heads after translation and is likely used for refolding after thermally- or chemically-induced unfolding. UNC-45's TPR region binds HSP-90 and its UCS domain binds myosin heads. We observe early onset sarcopenia when UNC-45 is reduced at the beginning of adulthood. There is sequential decline of HSP-90, UNC-45, and MHC B myosin. A mutation in age-1 delays sarcopenia and loss of HSP-90, UNC-45, and myosin. UNC-45 undergoes age-dependent phosphorylation, and mass spectrometry reveals phosphorylation of six serines and two threonines, seven of which occur in the UCS domain. Additional expression of UNC-45 results in maintenance of MHC B myosin and suppression of A-band disorganization in old animals. Our results suggest that increased expression or activity of UNC-45 might be a strategy for prevention or treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Aaron O Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550
| | | | - Andres F Oberhauser
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550
| | - Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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2
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Kaji I, Thiagarajah JR, Goldenring JR. Modeling the cell biology of monogenetic intestinal epithelial disorders. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310118. [PMID: 38683247 PMCID: PMC11058565 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Monogenetic variants are responsible for a range of congenital human diseases. Variants in genes that are important for intestinal epithelial function cause a group of disorders characterized by severe diarrhea and loss of nutrient absorption called congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CODEs). CODE-causing genes include nutrient transporters, enzymes, structural proteins, and vesicular trafficking proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Several severe CODE disorders result from the loss-of-function in key regulators of polarized endocytic trafficking such as the motor protein, Myosin VB (MYO5B), as well as STX3, STXBP2, and UNC45A. Investigations of the cell biology and pathophysiology following loss-of-function in these genes have led to an increased understanding of both homeostatic and pathological vesicular trafficking in intestinal epithelial cells. Modeling different CODEs through investigation of changes in patient tissues, coupled with the development of animal models and patient-derived enteroids, has provided critical insights into the enterocyte differentiation and function. Linking basic knowledge of cell biology with the phenotype of specific patient variants is a key step in developing effective treatments for rare monogenetic diseases. This knowledge can also be applied more broadly to our understanding of common epithelial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jay R. Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Zheng Y, Guo H, Chen L, Cheng W, Yan K, Zhang Z, Li M, Jin Y, Hu G, Wang C, Zhou C, Zhou W, Jia Z, Zheng B, Liu Z. Diagnostic yield and novel candidate genes by next generation sequencing in 166 children with intrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:661-672. [PMID: 37314652 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholestatic liver disease is a leading referral to pediatric liver transplant centers. Inherited disorders are the second most frequent cause of cholestasis in the first month of life. METHODS We retrospectively characterized the genotype and phenotype of 166 participants with intrahepatic cholestasis, and re-analyzed phenotype and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from patients with previously undetermined genetic etiology for newly published genes and novel candidates. Functional validations of selected variants were conducted in cultured cells. RESULTS Overall, we identified disease-causing variants in 31% (52/166) of our study participants. Of the 52 individuals, 18 (35%) had metabolic liver diseases, 9 (17%) had syndromic cholestasis, 9 (17%) had progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, 3 (6%) had bile acid synthesis defects, 3(6%) had infantile liver failure and 10 (19%) had a phenocopy of intrahepatic cholestasis. By reverse phenotyping, we identified a de novo variant c.1883G > A in FAM111B of a case with high glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) cholestasis. By re-analyzing WES data, two patients were newly solved, who had compound heterozygous variants in recently published genes KIF12 and USP53, respectively. Our additional search for novel candidates in unsolved WES families revealed four potential novel candidate genes (NCOA6, CCDC88B, USP24 and ATP11C), among which the patients with variants in NCOA6 and ATP11C recapitulate the cholestasis phenotype in mice models. CONCLUSIONS In a single-center pediatric cohort, we identified monogenic variants in 22 known human intrahepatic cholestasis or phenocopy genes, explaining up to 31% of the intrahepatic cholestasis patients. Our findings suggest that re-evaluating existing WES data from well-phenotyped patients on a regular basis can increase the diagnostic yield for cholestatic liver disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixia Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunlong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guorui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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Sun M, Pylypenko O, Zhou Z, Xu M, Li Q, Houdusse A, van IJzendoorn SCD. Uncovering the Relationship Between Genes and Phenotypes Beyond the Gut in Microvillus Inclusion Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:983-1005. [PMID: 38307491 PMCID: PMC11041842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare condition that is present from birth and affects the digestive system. People with MVID experience severe diarrhea that is difficult to control, cannot absorb dietary nutrients, and struggle to grow and thrive. In addition, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which are life-threatening, have been reported in cases of MVID. MVID can be caused by variants in the MYO5B, STX3, STXBP2, or UNC45A gene. These genes produce proteins that have been functionally linked to each other in intestinal epithelial cells. MVID associated with STXBP2 variants presents in a subset of patients diagnosed with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5. MVID associated with UNC45A variants presents in most patients diagnosed with osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome. Furthermore, variants in MYO5B or STX3 can also cause other diseases that are characterized by phenotypes that can co-occur in subsets of patients diagnosed with MVID. Recent studies involving clinical data and experiments with cells and animals revealed connections between specific phenotypes occurring outside of the digestive system and the type of gene variants that cause MVID. Here, we have reviewed these patterns and correlations, which are expected to be valuable for healthcare professionals in managing the disease and providing personalized care for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Olena Pylypenko
- Dynamics of Intra-Cellular Organization, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mingqian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Qinghong Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Center for Liver Digestive & Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Yousif A, Ebeid A, Kacsoh B, Bazzaro M, Chefetz I. The Ovary-Brain Connection. Cells 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38201298 PMCID: PMC10778337 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain and the ovaries are in a state of continuous communication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Yousif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Ahmed Ebeid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Balint Kacsoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ilana Chefetz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
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Almaas R, Atneosen-Åsegg M, Ytre-Arne ME, Melheim M, Sorte HS, Cízková D, Reims HM, Bezrouk A, Harrison SP, Strand J, Hermansen JU, Andersen SS, Eiklid KL, Mokrý J, Sullivan GJ, Stray-Pedersen A. Aagenaes syndrome/lymphedema cholestasis syndrome 1 is caused by a founder variant in the 5'-untranslated region of UNC45A. J Hepatol 2023; 79:945-954. [PMID: 37328071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lymphedema cholestasis syndrome 1 or Aagenaes syndrome is a condition characterized by neonatal cholestasis, lymphedema, and giant cell hepatitis. The genetic background of this autosomal recessive disease was unknown up to now. METHODS A total of 26 patients with Aagenaes syndrome and 17 parents were investigated with whole-genome sequencing and/or Sanger sequencing. PCR and western blot analyses were used to assess levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate the variant in HEK293T cells. Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for biliary transport proteins were performed in liver biopsies. RESULTS One specific variant (c.-98G>T) in the 5'-untranslated region of Unc-45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) was identified in all tested patients with Aagenaes syndrome. Nineteen were homozygous for the c.-98G>T variant and seven were compound heterozygous for the variant in the 5'-untranslated region and an exonic loss-of-function variant in UNC45A. Patients with Aagenaes syndrome exhibited lower expression of UNC45A mRNA and protein than controls, and this was reproduced in a CRISPR/Cas9-created cell model. Liver biopsies from the neonatal period demonstrated cholestasis, paucity of bile ducts and pronounced formation of multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed mislocalization of the hepatobiliary transport proteins BSEP (bile salt export pump) and MRP2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2). CONCLUSIONS c.-98G>T in the 5'-untranslated region of UNC45A is the causative genetic variant in Aagenaes syndrome. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS The genetic background of Aagenaes syndrome, a disease presenting with cholestasis and lymphedema in childhood, was unknown until now. A variant in the 5'-untranslated region of the Unc-45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) was identified in all tested patients with Aagenaes syndrome, providing evidence of the genetic background of the disease. Identification of the genetic background provides a tool for diagnosis of patients with Aagenaes syndrome before lymphedema is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runar Almaas
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway; European Reference Network - Rare Liver.
| | | | - Mari Eknes Ytre-Arne
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Melheim
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway; European Reference Network - Rare Liver
| | - Hanne Sørmo Sorte
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dana Cízková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Henrik Mikael Reims
- European Reference Network - Rare Liver; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleš Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sean Philip Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway; European Reference Network - Rare Liver
| | - Janne Strand
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanne Uthus Hermansen
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sofie Strøm Andersen
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jaroslav Mokrý
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; European Reference Network - Rare Liver
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- European Reference Network - Rare Liver; Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Chen M, Li S, Zhu Z, Dai C, Hao X. Investigating the shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hum Genet 2023; 142:431-443. [PMID: 36445456 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pain often occurs in parallel with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential causality have not been well studied. We collected the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 26 common pain and neuropsychiatric disorders with sample size ranging from 17,310 to 482,730 in European population. The genetic correlation between pair of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the relevant cell types were investigated by linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analyses. Then, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was applied to identify the potential shared genes by integrating the gene expression information and GWAS. In addition, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to infer the potential causality between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders. Among the 169 pairwise pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, 55 pairs showed positive correlations (median rg = 0.43) and 9 pairs showed negative correlations (median rg = -0.31). Using MR analyses, 26 likely causal associations were identified, including that neuroticism and insomnia were risk factors for most of short-term pain, and multisite chronic pain was risk factor for neuroticism, insomnia, major depressive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and vice versa. The signals of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders tended to be enriched in the functional regions of cell types from central nervous system (CNS). A total of 19 genes shared in at least one pain and neuropsychiatric disorder pair were identified by TWAS, including AMT, NCOA6, and UNC45A, which involved in glycine degradation, insulin secretion, and cell proliferation, respectively. Our findings provided the evidence of shared genetic structure, causality and potential shared pathogenic mechanisms between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, and enhanced our understanding of the comorbidities of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengguqiu Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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9
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Kong Y, Ye C, Shi L, Dai Q, Wang Y, Hu J, Wu X, Shi M, Hu X, Huang H. UNC45A-related osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome in a Chinese neonate. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104693. [PMID: 36587802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained diarrhea and cholestasis are common clinical phenotypes in newborns, indicating there is only a little common genetic basis for these conditions. However, it has been reported that defects in the UNC45A gene can lead to osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome. However, to date, only 10 patients with this syndrome have been reported in 2 studies; therefore, there is still a lack of analysis regarding the correlation between disease phenotype and genotype. Trio-whole exome sequencing was conducted using DNA samples from a newborn with congenital diarrhea and cholestasis from a Chinese Han family. The UNC45A variants were verified using Sanger sequencing. In addition, we applied a crystal structure model to analyze the potential hazards associated with the variants. The plasmids were constructed in vitro and transfected into human 293T cells for Western blot (WB) analysis. After the mutant protein was fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein label, intracellular localization was observed using laser confocal microscopy. The gene detection results showed that the UNC45A gene of the newborn examined in the present study harbored the compound heterozygous variants p.Arg819Ter, and p.Leu237Pro; this was confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Analysis of the Leu237Pro crystal structure model suggested that this variant may decrease local structural stability and affect protein function. The Western blot and laser confocal microscopy observation results suggested that the Leu237Pro mutation leads to reduced protein expression, while the Arg819Ter mutation completely inhibits the expression of the protein. The compound heterozygous variants of UNC45A (p.Arg819Ter and p.Leu237Pro) may be pathogenic factors of congenital diarrhea and cholestasis in this neonatal patient. Therefore, UNC45A deficiency should be considered when intractable diarrhea and cholestasis occur in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoqun Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Leyang Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingmei Dai
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meiyu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Huizhi Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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10
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Klee KMC, Hess MW, Lohmüller M, Herzog S, Pfaller K, Müller T, Vogel GF, Huber LA. A CRISPR screen in intestinal epithelial cells identifies novel factors for polarity and apical transport. eLife 2023; 12:e80135. [PMID: 36661306 PMCID: PMC9889089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial polarization and polarized cargo transport are highly coordinated and interdependent processes. In our search for novel regulators of epithelial polarization and protein secretion, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and combined it with an assay based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to measure the secretion of the apical brush-border hydrolase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In this way, we performed the first CRISPR screen to date in human polarized epithelial cells. Using high-resolution microscopy, we detected polarization defects and mislocalization of DPP4 to late endosomes/lysosomes after knockout of TM9SF4, anoctamin 8, and ARHGAP33, confirming the identification of novel factors for epithelial polarization and apical cargo secretion. Thus, we provide a powerful tool suitable for studying polarization and cargo secretion in epithelial cells. In addition, we provide a dataset that serves as a resource for the study of novel mechanisms for epithelial polarization and polarized transport and facilitates the investigation of novel congenital diseases associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina MC Klee
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael Lohmüller
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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11
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Wang R, Wang Y, Yu R, Xu W, Zhang T, Xiao Y. Case report: Osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome caused by UNC45A deficiency. Front Genet 2023; 13:1079481. [PMID: 36699472 PMCID: PMC9868473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1079481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, UNC45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) deficiency was identified as a cause of osteo-oto-hepato-enteric syndrome (O2HE) characterized by congenital diarrhea, neonatal cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. To date, only a few O2HE cases have been reported in the literature. Case presentation: Here, we present a child from China diagnosed with O2HE with novel compound heterozygous variants in UNC45A. The patient suffered with neonatal jaundice, cholestasis, and intractable diarrhea after birth. Laboratory tests revealed highly elevated levels of total serum bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and total bile acid (TBA). The patient was managed with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-based treatments, and the clinical symptoms and abnormal liver functions were significantly relieved. The patient's hearing was normal, and no sign of bone fragility was observed. Exome sequencing (ES) identified novel compound heterozygote variants c.292C>T (p.Arg98Trp)/c.2534-2545del (p.Leu845-Met848del) in UNC45A, which were inherited from her mother and father, respectively. Both variants are predicted to be deleterious by in silico predictors. Conclusion: We present an O2HE child from China with novel compound heterozygous variants in UNC45A. Our patient's clinical manifestations were less severe than those of the previous reported cases, which expands the clinical spectrum of O2HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuhen Xu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yongmei Xiao,
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12
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The genetics of monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders. Hum Genet 2022; 142:613-654. [PMID: 36422736 PMCID: PMC10182130 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders, also known as congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CoDEs), are a group of rare diseases that result from mutations in genes that primarily affect intestinal epithelial cell function. Patients with CoDE disorders generally present with infantile-onset diarrhea and poor growth, and often require intensive fluid and nutritional management. CoDE disorders can be classified into several categories that relate to broad areas of epithelial function, structure, and development. The advent of accessible and low-cost genetic sequencing has accelerated discovery in the field with over 45 different genes now associated with CoDE disorders. Despite this increasing knowledge in the causal genetics of disease, the underlying cellular pathophysiology remains incompletely understood for many disorders. Consequently, clinical management options for CoDE disorders are currently limited and there is an urgent need for new and disorder-specific therapies. In this review, we provide a general overview of CoDE disorders, including a historical perspective of the field and relationship to other monogenic disorders of the intestine. We describe the genetics, clinical presentation, and known pathophysiology for specific disorders. Lastly, we describe the major challenges relating to CoDE disorders, briefly outline key areas that need further study, and provide a perspective on the future genetic and therapeutic landscape.
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13
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Semenova D, Zabirnyk A, Lobov A, Boyarskaya N, Kachanova O, Uspensky V, Zainullina B, Denisov E, Gerashchenko T, Kvitting JPE, Kaljusto ML, Thiede B, Kostareva A, Stensløkken KO, Vaage J, Malashicheva A. Multi-omics of in vitro aortic valve calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1043165. [PMID: 36407442 PMCID: PMC9669078 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1043165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart valve calcification is an active cellular and molecular process that partly remains unknown. Osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells (VIC) is a central mechanism in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Studying mechanisms in CAVD progression is clearly needed. In this study, we compared molecular mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation of human VIC isolated from healthy donors or patients with CAVD by RNA-seq transcriptomics in early timepoint (48 h) and by shotgun proteomics at later timepoint (10th day). Bioinformatic analysis revealed genes and pathways involved in the regulation of VIC osteogenic differentiation. We found a high amount of stage-specific differentially expressed genes and good accordance between transcriptomic and proteomic data. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins revealed that osteogenic differentiation of VIC involved many signaling cascades such as: PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras, TNF signaling pathways. Wnt, FoxO, and HIF-1 signaling pathways were modulated only at the early timepoint and thus probably involved in the commitment of VIC to osteogenic differentiation. We also observed a significant shift of some metabolic pathways in the early stage of VIC osteogenic differentiation. Lentiviral overexpression of one of the most upregulated genes (ZBTB16, PLZF) increased calcification of VIC after osteogenic stimulation. Analysis with qPCR and shotgun proteomics suggested a proosteogenic role of ZBTB16 in the early stages of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Semenova
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arsenii Zabirnyk
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arseniy Lobov
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Olga Kachanova
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Uspensky
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bozhana Zainullina
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - John-Peder Escobar Kvitting
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bernd Thiede
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Abstract
Bile acid transport is a complex physiologic process, of which disruption at any step can lead to progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). The first described PFIC disorders were originally named as such before identification of a genetic cause. However, advances in clinical molecular genetics have led to the identification of additional disorders that can cause these monogenic inherited cholestasis syndromes, and they are now increasingly referred to by the affected protein causing disease. The list of PFIC disorders is expected to grow as more causative genes are discovered. Here forth, we present a comprehensive overview of known PFIC disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. https://twitter.com/SaraHassanMD
| | - Paula Hertel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Piper PW, Scott JE, Millson SH. UCS Chaperone Folding of the Myosin Head: A Function That Evolved before Animals and Fungi Diverged from a Common Ancestor More than a Billion Years Ago. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081028. [PMID: 35892339 PMCID: PMC9331494 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding of the myosin head often requires a UCS (Unc45, Cro1, She4) domain-containing chaperone. Worms, flies, and fungi have just a single UCS protein. Vertebrates have two; one (Unc45A) which functions primarily in non-muscle cells and another (Unc45B) that is essential for establishing and maintaining the contractile apparatus of cardiac and skeletal muscles. The domain structure of these proteins suggests that the UCS function evolved before animals and fungi diverged from a common ancestor more than a billion years ago. UCS proteins of metazoans and apicomplexan parasites possess a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a domain for direct binding of the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones. This, however, is absent in the UCS proteins of fungi and largely nonessential for the UCS protein function in Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish. The latter part of this review focusses on the TPR-deficient UCS proteins of fungi. While these are reasonably well studied in yeasts, there is little precise information as to how they might engage in interactions with the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones or might assist in myosin operations during the hyphal growth of filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter William Piper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Correspondence: (P.W.P.); (S.H.M.)
| | | | - Stefan Heber Millson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK;
- Correspondence: (P.W.P.); (S.H.M.)
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16
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Bowman DM, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. Altered MYO5B Function Underlies Microvillus Inclusion Disease: Opportunities for Intervention at a Cellular Level. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:553-565. [PMID: 35660026 PMCID: PMC9304615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital diarrheal disorder resulting in life-threatening secretory diarrhea in newborns. Inactivating and nonsense mutations in myosin Vb (MYO5B) have been identified in MVID patients. Work using patient tissues, cell lines, mice, and pigs has led to critical insights into the pathology of MVID and a better understanding of both apical trafficking in intestinal enterocytes and intestinal stem cell differentiation. These studies have demonstrated that loss of MYO5B or inactivating mutations lead to loss of apical sodium and water transporters, without loss of apical CFTR, accounting for the major pathology of the disease. In addition, loss of MYO5B expression induces the formation of microvillus inclusions through apical bulk endocytosis that utilizes dynamin and PACSIN2 and recruits tight junction proteins to the sites of bulk endosome formation. Importantly, formation of microvillus inclusions is not required for the induction of diarrhea. Recent investigations have demonstrated that administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can partially reestablish apical ion transporters in enterocytes of MYO5B KO mice. In addition, further studies have shown that MYO5B loss induces an imbalance in Wnt/Notch signaling pathways that can lead to alterations in enterocyte maturation and tuft cell lineage differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to improvements in those cell differentiation deficits. These studies demonstrate that directed strategies through LPA receptor activation and Notch inhibition can bypass the inhibitory effects of MYO5B loss. Thus, effective strategies may be successful in MVID patients and other congenital diarrhea syndromes to reestablish proper apical membrane absorption of sodium and water in enterocytes and ameliorate life-threatening congenital diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Bowman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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17
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Ibrahim SH, Kamath BM, Loomes KM, Karpen SJ. Cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology: Advances and controversies. Hepatology 2022; 75:1627-1646. [PMID: 35229330 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the application of modern investigative technologies, cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology are increasingly identified as the root cause of previously designated "idiopathic" adult and pediatric liver diseases. Here, we review advances in the field enhanced by a deeper understanding of the phenotypes associated with specific gene defects that lead to cholestatic liver diseases. There are evolving areas for clinicians in the current era specifically regarding the role for biopsy and opportunities for a "sequencing first" approach. Risk stratification based on the severity of the genetic defect holds promise to guide the decision to pursue primary liver transplantation versus medical therapy or nontransplant surgery, as well as early screening for HCC. In the present era, the expanding toolbox of recently approved therapies for hepatologists has real potential to help many of our patients with genetic causes of cholestasis. In addition, there are promising agents under study in the pipeline. Relevant to the current era, there are still gaps in knowledge of causation and pathogenesis and lack of fully accepted biomarkers of disease progression and pruritus. We discuss strategies to overcome the challenges of genotype-phenotype correlation and draw attention to the extrahepatic manifestations of these diseases. Finally, with attention to identifying causes and treatments of genetic cholestatic disorders, we anticipate a vibrant future of this dynamic field which builds upon current and future therapies, real-world evaluations of individual and combined therapeutics, and the potential incorporation of effective gene editing and gene additive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric GastroenterologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Binita M Kamath
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kathleen M Loomes
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Saul J Karpen
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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18
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Duclaux-Loras R, Lebreton C, Berthelet J, Charbit-Henrion F, Nicolle O, Revenu de Courtils C, Waich S, Valovka T, Khiat A, Rabant M, Racine C, Guerrera IC, Baptista J, Mahe MM, Hess MW, Durel B, Lefort N, Banal C, Parisot M, Talbotec C, Lacaille F, Ecochard-Dugelay E, Demir AM, Vogel GF, Faivre L, Rodrigues A, Fowler D, Janecke AR, Müller T, Huber LA, Rodrigues-Lima F, Ruemmele FM, Uhlig HH, Del Bene F, Michaux G, Cerf-Bensussan N, Parlato M. UNC45A deficiency causes microvillus inclusion disease-like phenotype by impairing myosin VB-dependent apical trafficking. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154997. [PMID: 35575086 PMCID: PMC9106349 DOI: 10.1172/jci154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the UNC45A cochaperone have been recently associated with a syndrome combining diarrhea, cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. Yet the mechanism underlying intestinal failure in UNC45A deficiency remains unclear. Here, biallelic variants in UNC45A were identified by next-generation sequencing in 6 patients with congenital diarrhea. Corroborating in silico prediction, variants either abolished UNC45A expression or altered protein conformation. Myosin VB was identified by mass spectrometry as client of the UNC45A chaperone and was found misfolded in UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells. In keeping with impaired myosin VB function, UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells showed abnormal epithelial morphogenesis that was restored by full-length UNC45A, but not by mutant alleles. Patients and UNC45AKO 3D organoids displayed altered luminal development and microvillus inclusions, while 2D cultures revealed Rab11 and apical transporter mislocalization as well as sparse and disorganized microvilli. All those features resembled the subcellular abnormalities observed in duodenal biopsies from patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Finally, microvillus inclusions and shortened microvilli were evidenced in enterocytes from unc45a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence that UNC45A plays an essential role in epithelial morphogenesis through its cochaperone function of myosin VB and that UNC45A loss causes a variant of microvillus inclusion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lebreton
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ophelie Nicolle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Revenu de Courtils
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Waich
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anis Khiat
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo–Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, and Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Júlia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime M. Mahe
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institut für Histologie und Embryologie Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Béatrice Durel
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM-US24-CNRS UMS 3633 Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lefort
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Banal
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine–Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Talbotec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Arzu Meltem Demir
- Ankara Child Health and Diseases, Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Frank M. Ruemmele
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
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19
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Lechuga S, Cartagena‐Rivera AX, Khan A, Crawford BI, Narayanan V, Conway DE, Lehtimäki J, Lappalainen P, Rieder F, Longworth MS, Ivanov AI. A myosin chaperone, UNC-45A, is a novel regulator of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and repair. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22290. [PMID: 35344227 PMCID: PMC9044500 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200154r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The actomyosin cytoskeleton serves as a key regulator of the integrity and remodeling of epithelial barriers by controlling assembly and functions of intercellular junctions and cell-matrix adhesions. Although biochemical mechanisms that regulate the activity of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) in epithelial cells have been extensively investigated, little is known about assembly of the contractile myosin structures at the epithelial adhesion sites. UNC-45A is a cytoskeletal chaperone that is essential for proper folding of NM-II heavy chains and myofilament assembly. We found abundant expression of UNC-45A in human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines and in the epithelial layer of the normal human colon. Interestingly, protein level of UNC-45A was decreased in colonic epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of UNC-45A in HT-29cf8 and SK-CO15 IEC disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, impaired assembly of epithelial adherence and tight junctions and attenuated cell migration. Consistently, decreased UNC-45 expression increased permeability of the Drosophila gut in vivo. The mechanisms underlying barrier disruptive and anti-migratory effects of UNC-45A depletion involved disorganization of the actomyosin bundles at epithelial junctions and the migrating cell edge. Loss of UNC-45A also decreased contractile forces at apical junctions and matrix adhesions. Expression of deletion mutants revealed roles for the myosin binding domain of UNC-45A in controlling IEC junctions and motility. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism that regulates integrity and restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which may be impaired during mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena‐Rivera
- Section on MechanobiologyNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Afshin Khan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Bert I. Crawford
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Vani Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Daniel E. Conway
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jaakko Lehtimäki
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michelle S. Longworth
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
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20
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Li Q, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Sun C, Klappe K, van IJzendoorn SC. A Functional Relationship Between UNC45A and MYO5B Connects Two Rare Diseases With Shared Enteropathy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:295-310. [PMID: 35421597 PMCID: PMC9218578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS UNC45A is a myosin (co-)chaperone, and mutations in the UNC45A gene were recently identified in osteo-oto-hepato-enteric (O2HE) syndrome patients presenting with congenital diarrhea and intrahepatic cholestasis. Congenital diarrhea and intrahepatic cholestasis are also the prime symptoms in patients with microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) and mutations in MYO5B, encoding the recycling endosome-associated myosin Vb. The aim of this study was to determine whether UNC45A and myosin Vb are functionally linked. METHODS CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and site-directed mutagenesis were performed with intestinal epithelial and hepatocellular cell lines, followed by Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and scanning electron and/or confocal fluorescence microscopy to determine the relationship between (mutants of) UNC45A and myosin Vb. RESULTS UNC45A depletion in intestinal and hepatic cells reduced myosin Vb protein expression, and in intestinal epithelial cells, it affected 2 myosin Vb-dependent processes that underlie MVID pathogenesis: rat sarcoma-associated binding protein (RAB)11A-positve recycling endosome positioning and microvilli development. Reintroduction of UNC45A in UNC45A-depleted cells restored myosin Vb expression, and reintroduction of UNC45A or myosin Vb, but not the O2HE patient UNC45A-c.1268T>A variant, restored recycling endosome positioning and microvilli development. The O2HE patient-associated p.V423D substitution, encoded by the UNC45A-c.1268T>A variant, impaired UNC45A protein stability but as such not the ability of UNC45A to promote myosin Vb expression and microvilli development. CONCLUSIONS A functional relationship exists between UNC45A and myosin Vb, thereby connecting 2 rare congenital diseases with overlapping enteropathy at the molecular level. Protein instability rather than functional impairment underlies the pathogenicity of the O2HE syndrome-associated UNC45A-p.V423D mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sven C.D. van IJzendoorn
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sven C. D. van IJzendoorn, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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French CE, Dolling H, Mégy K, Sanchis-Juan A, Kumar A, Delon I, Wakeling M, Mallin L, Agrawal S, Austin T, Walston F, Park SM, Parker A, Piyasena C, Bradbury K, Ellard S, Rowitch DH, Raymond FL. Refinements and considerations for trio whole genome sequence analysis when investigating Mendelian Diseases presenting in early childhood. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100113. [PMID: 35586607 PMCID: PMC9108978 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate early deployment of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for severely ill children, a standardized pipeline for WGS analysis with timely turnaround and primary care pediatric uptake is needed. We developed a bioinformatics pipeline for comprehensive gene-agnostic trio WGS analysis of children suspected of having an undiagnosed monogenic disease that included detection and interpretation of primary genetic mechanisms of disease, including SNVs/indels, CNVs/SVs, uniparental disomy (UPD), imprinted genes, short tandem repeat expansions, mobile element insertions, SMN1/2 copy number calling, and mitochondrial genome variants. We assessed primary care practitioner experience and competence in a large cohort of 521 families (comprising 90% WGS trios). Children were identified by primary practitioners for recruitment, and we used the UK index of multiple deprivation to confirm lack of patient socio-economic status ascertainment bias. Of the 521 children sequenced, 176 (34%) received molecular diagnoses, with rates as high as 45% for neurology clinics. Twenty-three of the diagnosed cases (13%) required bespoke methods beyond routine SNV/CNV analysis. In our multidisciplinary clinician user experience assessment, both pediatricians and clinical geneticists expressed strong support for rapid WGS early in the care pathway, but requested further training in determining patient selection, consenting, and variant interpretation. Rapid trio WGS provides an efficacious single-pass screening test for children when deployed by primary practitioners in clinical settings that carry high a priori risk for rare pediatric disease presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E. French
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen Dolling
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, UK
| | - Karyn Mégy
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ajay Kumar
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Isabelle Delon
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Lucy Mallin
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shruti Agrawal
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Topun Austin
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Florence Walston
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alasdair Parker
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David H. Rowitch
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - F. Lucy Raymond
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Corresponding author
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22
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Goulet O, Pigneur B, Charbit-Henrion F. Congenital enteropathies involving defects in enterocyte structure or differentiation. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56-57:101784. [PMID: 35331396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Congenital enteropathies (CE) are a group of rare inherited diseases with a typical onset early in life. They involve defects in enterocyte structure or differentiation. They can cause a severe condition of intestinal failure (IF). The diagnostic approach is based first on clinical presentation (consanguinity, prenatal expression, polyhydramnios, early neonatal onset, aspect of stools, persistence at bowel rest, associated extra-digestive manifestations….) and histo-pathological analyses. These rare intestinal diseases cause protracted diarrhea that might resolve, for a few, with a dietetic approach. However, protracted or permanent IF may require long term parenteral nutrition and, in limited cases, intestinal transplantation. With the progresses in both clinical nutrition and genetics, many of these CE are nowadays associated with recognized gene mutations. It improved our knowledge and the understanding in the patho-physiology of these diseases, thus, leading potentially to therapeutic perspectives. These review cover most of the early onset CE and excludes the immune related diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Goulet
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Paris-Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75743, PARIS Cedex 15, France.
| | - Bénédicte Pigneur
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Paris-Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75743, PARIS Cedex 15, France
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, Rue de Sèvres, 75743, PARIS Cedex 15, France
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23
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Johnson JL. Mutations in Hsp90 Cochaperones Result in a Wide Variety of Human Disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:787260. [PMID: 34957217 PMCID: PMC8694271 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.787260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp90 molecular chaperone, along with a set of approximately 50 cochaperones, mediates the folding and activation of hundreds of cellular proteins in an ATP-dependent cycle. Cochaperones differ in how they interact with Hsp90 and their ability to modulate ATPase activity of Hsp90. Cochaperones often compete for the same binding site on Hsp90, and changes in levels of cochaperone expression that occur during neurodegeneration, cancer, or aging may result in altered Hsp90-cochaperone complexes and client activity. This review summarizes information about loss-of-function mutations of individual cochaperones and discusses the overall association of cochaperone alterations with a broad range of diseases. Cochaperone mutations result in ciliary or muscle defects, neurological development or degeneration disorders, and other disorders. In many cases, diseases were linked to defects in established cochaperone-client interactions. A better understanding of the functional consequences of defective cochaperones will provide new insights into their functions and may lead to specialized approaches to modulate Hsp90 functions and treat some of these human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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24
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Clemente V, Hoshino A, Meints J, Shetty M, Starr T, Lee M, Bazzaro M. UNC-45A Is Highly Expressed in the Proliferative Cells of the Mouse Genital Tract and in the Microtubule-Rich Areas of the Mouse Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:1604. [PMID: 34206743 PMCID: PMC8303485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC-45A (Protein unc-45 homolog A) is a cytoskeletal-associated protein with a dual and non-mutually exclusive role as a regulator of the actomyosin system and a Microtubule (MT)-destabilizing protein, which is overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer patients resistant to the MT-stabilizing drug paclitaxel. Mapping of UNC-45A in the mouse upper genital tract and central nervous system reveals its enrichment not only in highly proliferating and prone to remodeling cells, but also in microtubule-rich areas, of the ovaries and the nervous system, respectively. In both apparatuses, UNC-45A is also abundantly expressed in the ciliated epithelium. As regulators of actomyosin contractility and MT stability are essential for the physiopathology of the female reproductive tract and of neuronal development, our findings suggest that UNC-45A may have a role in ovarian cancer initiation and development as well as in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Clemente
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (V.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Asumi Hoshino
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (V.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Joyce Meints
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (V.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tim Starr
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (V.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (V.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (T.S.)
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25
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Cardenas A, Fadadu RP, Van Der Laan L, Ward-Caviness C, Granger L, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB, Bind MA. Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust: a human epigenome-wide experiment of target bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2021; 7:dvab003. [PMID: 33859829 PMCID: PMC8035831 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient air pollution around the world. It is a known human carcinogen that targets the respiratory system and increases risk for many diseases, but there is limited research on the effects of DE exposure on the epigenome of human bronchial epithelial cells. Understanding the epigenetic impact of this environmental pollutant can elucidate biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of harmful DE-related health effects. To estimate the causal effect of short-term DE exposure on the bronchial epithelial epigenome, we conducted a controlled single-blinded randomized crossover human experiment of exposure to DE and used bronchoscopy and Illumina 450K arrays for data collection and analysis, respectively. Of the 13 participants, 11 (85%) were male and 2 (15%) were female, and 12 (92%) were White and one (8%) was Hispanic; the mean age was 26 years (SD = 3.8 years). Eighty CpGs were differentially methylated, achieving the minimum possible exact P-value of P = 2.44 × 10-4 (i.e. 2/213). In regional analyses, we found two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) annotated to the chromosome 5 open reading frame 63 genes (C5orf63; 7-CpGs) and unc-45 myosin chaperone A gene (UNC45A; 5-CpGs). Both DMRs showed increased DNA methylation after DE exposure. The average causal effects for the DMRs ranged from 1.5% to 6.0% increases in DNA methylation at individual CpGs. In conclusion, we found that short-term DE alters DNA methylation of genes in target bronchial epithelial cells, demonstrating epigenetic level effects of exposure that could be implicated in pulmonary pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Raj P Fadadu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lars Van Der Laan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Cavin Ward-Caviness
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27709, USA
| | - Louis Granger
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27709, USA
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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26
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Jiang F, Takagi Y, Shams A, Heissler SM, Friedman TB, Sellers JR, Bird JE. The ATPase mechanism of myosin 15, the molecular motor mutated in DFNB3 human deafness. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100243. [PMID: 33372036 PMCID: PMC7948958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells each possess an exquisite bundle of actin-based stereocilia that detect sound. Unconventional myosin 15 (MYO15) traffics and delivers critical molecules required for stereocilia development and thus is essential for building the mechanosensory hair bundle. Mutations in the human MYO15A gene interfere with stereocilia trafficking and cause hereditary hearing loss, DFNB3, but the impact of these mutations is not known, as MYO15 itself is poorly characterized. To learn more, we performed a kinetic study of the ATPase motor domain to characterize its mechanochemical cycle. Using the baculovirus-Sf9 system, we purified a recombinant minimal motor domain (S1) by coexpressing the mouse MYO15 ATPase, essential and regulatory light chains that bind its IQ domains, and UNC45 and HSP90A chaperones required for correct folding of the ATPase. MYO15 purified with either UNC45A or UNC45B coexpression had similar ATPase activities (kcat = ∼ 6 s-1 at 20 °C). Using stopped-flow and quenched-flow transient kinetic analyses, we measured the major rate constants describing the ATPase cycle, including ATP, ADP, and actin binding; hydrolysis; and phosphate release. Actin-attached ADP release was the slowest measured transition (∼12 s-1 at 20 °C), although this did not rate-limit the ATPase cycle. The kinetic analysis shows the MYO15 motor domain has a moderate duty ratio (∼0.5) and weak thermodynamic coupling between ADP and actin binding. These findings are consistent with MYO15 being kinetically adapted for processive motility when oligomerized. Our kinetic characterization enables future studies into how deafness-causing mutations affect MYO15 and disrupt stereocilia trafficking necessary for hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arik Shams
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bird
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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27
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Second-tier trio exome sequencing after negative solo clinical exome sequencing: an efficient strategy to increase diagnostic yield and decipher molecular bases in undiagnosed developmental disorders. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1381-1390. [PMID: 32399599 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental disorders (DD), characterized by malformations/dysmorphism and/or intellectual disability, affecting around 3% of worldwide population, are mostly linked to genetic anomalies. Despite clinical exome sequencing (cES) centered on genes involved in human genetic disorders, the majority of patients affected by DD remain undiagnosed after solo-cES. Trio-based strategy is expected to facilitate variant selection thanks to rapid parental segregation. We performed a second step trio-ES (not only focusing on genes involved in human disorders) analysis in 70 patients with negative results after solo-cES. All candidate variants were shared with a MatchMaking exchange system to identify additional patients carrying variants in the same genes and with similar phenotype. In 18/70 patients (26%), we confirmed causal implication of nine OMIM-morbid genes and identified nine new strong candidate genes (eight de novo and one compound heterozygous variants). These nine new candidate genes were validated through the identification of patients with similar phenotype and genotype thanks to data sharing. Moreover, 11 genes harbored variants of unknown significance in 10/70 patients (14%). In DD, a second step trio-based ES analysis appears an efficient strategy in diagnostic and translational research to identify highly candidate genes and improve diagnostic yield.
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28
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Bruel AL, Nambot S, Quéré V, Vitobello A, Thevenon J, Assoum M, Moutton S, Houcinat N, Lehalle D, Jean-Marçais N, Chevarin M, Jouan T, Poë C, Callier P, Tisserand E, Philippe C, Them FTM, Duffourd Y, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Increased diagnostic and new genes identification outcome using research reanalysis of singleton exome sequencing. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1519-1531. [PMID: 31231135 PMCID: PMC6777617 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical exome sequencing (cES), the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommends limiting variant interpretation to established human-disease genes. The diagnostic yield of cES in intellectual disability and/or multiple congenital anomalies (ID/MCA) is currently about 30%. Though the results may seem acceptable for rare diseases, they mean that 70% of affected individuals remain genetically undiagnosed. Further analysis extended to all mutated genes in a research environment is a valuable strategy for improving diagnostic yields. This study presents the results of systematic research reanalysis of negative cES in a cohort of 313 individuals with ID/MCA. We identified 17 new genes not related to human disease, implicated 22 non-OMIM disease-causing genes recently or previously rarely related to disease, and described 1 new phenotype associated with a known gene. Twenty-six candidate genes were identified and are waiting for future recurrence. Overall, we diagnose 15% of the individuals with initial negative cES, increasing the diagnostic yield from 30% to more than 40% (or 46% if strong candidate genes are considered). This study demonstrates the power of such extended research reanalysis to increase scientific knowledge of rare diseases. These novel findings can then be applied in the field of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange-Line Bruel
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France.
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Quéré
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Mirna Assoum
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Nada Houcinat
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Nolwenn Jean-Marçais
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Martin Chevarin
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Thibaud Jouan
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Charlotte Poë
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Tisserand
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau Them
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, FHU TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle "Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares" laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes maformatifs", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares", FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France
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2.5 years’ experience of GeneMatcher data-sharing: a powerful tool for identifying new genes responsible for rare diseases. Genet Med 2018; 21:1657-1661. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Identification of novel loci for pediatric cholestatic liver disease defined by KIF12, PPM1F, USP53, LSR, and WDR83OS pathogenic variants. Genet Med 2018; 21:1164-1172. [PMID: 30250217 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic testing in pediatric cholestasis can be very informative but genetic causes have not been fully characterized. METHODS Exome sequencing and positional mapping in seven families with cholestatic liver disease and negative clinical testing for known disease genes. RESULTS KIF12, which encodes a microtubule motor protein with a tentative role in cell polarity, was found to harbor three homozygous likely deleterious variants in three families with sclerosing cholangitis. KIF12 expression is dependent on HNF-1β, deficiency which is known to cause bile duct dysmorphogenesis associated with loss of KIF12 expression. In another extended family, we mapped an apparently novel syndrome of sclerosing cholangitis, short stature, hypothyroidism, and abnormal tongue pigmentation in two cousins to a homozygous variant in PPM1F (POPX2), a regulator of kinesin-mediated ciliary transport. In the fifth family, a syndrome of normal gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) cholestasis and hearing loss was found to segregate with a homozygous truncating variant in USP53, which encodes an interactor with TJP2. In the sixth family, we mapped a novel syndrome of transient neonatal cholestasis, intellectual disability, and short stature to a homozygous variant in LSR, an important regulator of liver development. In the last family of three affected siblings, a novel syndrome of intractable itching, hypercholanemia, short stature, and intellectual disability was mapped to a single locus that contains a homozygous truncating variant in WDR83OS (C19orf56), known to interact with ATP13A2 and BSEP. CONCLUSION Our results expand the genetic heterogeneity of pediatric cholestatic liver disease and highlight the vulnerability of bile homeostasis to a wide range of molecular perturbations.
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