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Simińska-Stanny J, Podstawczyk D, Delporte C, Nie L, Shavandi A. Hyaluronic Acid Role in Biomaterials Prevascularization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402045. [PMID: 39254277 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Tissue vascularization is a major bottleneck in tissue engineering. In this review, the state of the art on the intricate role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in angiogenesis is explored. HA plays a twofold role in angiogenesis. First, when released as a free polymer in the extracellular matrix (ECM), HA acts as a signaling molecule triggering multiple cascades that foster smooth muscle cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation thereby contributing to vessel wall thickening. Simultaneously, HA bound to the plasma membrane in the pericellular space functions as a polymer block, participating in vessel formation. Starting with the HA origins in native vascular tissues, the approaches aimed at achieving vascularization in vivo are reviewed. The significance of HA molecular weight (MW) in angiogenesis and the challenges associated with utilizing HA in vascular tissue engineering (VTE) are conscientiously addressed. The review finally focuses on a thorough examination and comparison of the diverse strategies adopted to harness the benefits of HA in the vascularization of bioengineered materials. By providing a nuanced perspective on the multifaceted role of HA in angiogenesis, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse in tissue engineering and advances the collective understanding of optimizing vascularization processes assisted by functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Simińska-Stanny
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of Engineering, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Daria Podstawczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratoire de Biochimie physiopathologique et nutritionnelle (LBNP), Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme - CP 611, Route de Lennik 808, Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464031, China
| | - Armin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of Engineering, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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2
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Serlo M, Inkinen N, Lakkisto P, Valkonen M, Pulkkinen A, Selander T, Pettilä V, Vaara ST. Fluid bolus increases plasma hyaluronan concentration compared to follow-up strategy without a bolus in oliguric intensive care unit patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20808. [PMID: 39242877 PMCID: PMC11379687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluid therapy is a fundamental part of supportive therapy in critical care. However, it is also a suspected risk for endothelial glycocalyx degradation which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This secondary analysis of RESPONSE randomized trial compares the effect of follow-up strategy (FU) on endothelial biomarkers to that of 500 ml crystalloid fluid bolus (FB) in oliguric, hemodynamically optimized intensive care unit (ICU) patients. 130 adult subjects were enrolled in two Finnish ICUs from January 2017 to November 2020. Blood and urine samples of 63 patients in FU group and 67 patients in FB group were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Single fluid bolus, given after median of 3887 ml (interquartile range 2842; 5359 ml) resuscitation fluids in the preceding 24 h, increased plasma hyaluronan concentration compared to the follow-up strategy (difference in medians 29.2 ng/ml with 95% CI [14.5ng/ml; 55.5ng/ml], P < 0.001). No treatment effect was detected in the plasma levels of syndecan-1, , angiopoietin-2, angiopoietin receptors Tie2 and Tie1, or in soluble thrombomodulin in the adjusted median regression analysis. The increase in hyaluronan was independent of its simultaneous renal clearance but correlated moderately with the increase in endothelium-specific Tie1. The follow-up strategy did not show consistent endothelium-sparing effect but protected against hyaluronan increase. The mechanisms and consequences of hyaluronan fluctuations need further clarification. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02860572. Registered 1 August 2016, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02860572?term=NCT02860572&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Serlo
- Department of Perioperative and Intensive Care, Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 320, 00290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nina Inkinen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Central Finland Health Care District, Hoitajantie 3, 40620, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Valkonen
- Department of Perioperative and Intensive Care, Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 320, 00290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Pulkkinen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Central Finland Health Care District, Hoitajantie 3, 40620, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomas Selander
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Department of Perioperative and Intensive Care, Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 320, 00290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi T Vaara
- Department of Perioperative and Intensive Care, Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 320, 00290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Tang F, Zhao XL, Xu LY, Zhang JN, Ao H, Peng C. Endothelial dysfunction: Pathophysiology and therapeutic targets for sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117180. [PMID: 39068853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are critical medical conditions characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection, significantly contributing to global mortality rates. The progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) represents the most severe complication of sepsis and markedly increases clinical mortality. Central to the pathophysiology of sepsis, endothelial cells play a crucial role in regulating microcirculation and maintaining barrier integrity across various organs and tissues. Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of endothelial function in the development of sepsis-induced MODS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced MODS, with a specific focus on endothelial dysfunction. It also compiles compelling evidence regarding potential small molecules that could attenuate sepsis and subsequent multi-organ damage by modulating endothelial function. Thus, this review serves as an essential resource for clinical practitioners involved in the diagnosing, managing, and providing intensive care for sepsis and associated multi-organ injuries, emphasizing the importance of targeting endothelial cells to enhance outcomes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li-Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jing-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Feng Q, Kong W. ECM Microenvironment in Vascular Homeostasis: New Targets for Atherosclerosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38984789 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) components, interactions, and mechanical properties influence both the formation and stability of atherosclerotic plaques. This review discusses the contribution of the ECM microenvironment in vascular homeostasis and remodeling in atherosclerosis, highlighting Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and its degrading enzyme ADAMTS7 as examples, and proposes potential avenues for future research aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis based on the ECM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Tsui CK, Garcia G, Joe LK, Wu H, Maruichi A, Fan W, Pandovski S, Yoon PH, Webster BM, Durieux J, Frankino PA, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Dillin A. The extracellular matrix integrates mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell 2024; 187:4289-4304.e26. [PMID: 38942015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is intricately influenced by stimuli from the microenvironment, including signaling molecules, metabolites, and pathogens. Functioning as a signaling hub within the cell, mitochondria integrate information from various intracellular compartments to regulate cellular signaling and metabolism. Multiple studies have shown that mitochondria may respond to various extracellular signaling events. However, it is less clear how changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) can impact mitochondrial homeostasis to regulate animal physiology. We find that ECM remodeling alters mitochondrial homeostasis in an evolutionarily conserved manner. Mechanistically, ECM remodeling triggers a TGF-β response to induce mitochondrial fission and the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT). At the organismal level, ECM remodeling promotes defense of animals against pathogens through enhanced mitochondrial stress responses. We postulate that this ECM-mitochondria crosstalk represents an ancient immune pathway, which detects infection- or mechanical-stress-induced ECM damage, thereby initiating adaptive mitochondria-based immune and metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Larry K Joe
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haolun Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ayane Maruichi
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wudi Fan
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sentibel Pandovski
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter H Yoon
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brant M Webster
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Phillip A Frankino
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Idouz K, Belhaj A, Rondelet B, Dewachter L, Flamion B, Kirschvink N, Dogné S. Cascading renal injury after brain death: Unveiling glycocalyx alteration and the potential protective role of tacrolimus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1449209. [PMID: 39165663 PMCID: PMC11333349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1449209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain death (BD) is a complex medical state that triggers systemic disturbances and a cascade of pathophysiological processes. This condition significantly impairs both kidney function and structural integrity, thereby presenting considerable challenges to graft viability and the long-term success of transplantation endeavors. Tacrolimus (FK506), an immunosuppressive drug, was used in this study to assess its impact as a pretreatment on brain death-induced renal injury. This study aimed to investigate changes associated with brain death-induced renal injury in a 4-month-old female porcine model. The experimental groups included brain death placebo-pretreated (BD; n = 9), brain death tacrolimus-pretreated using the clinical dose of 0.25 mg/kg the day before surgery, followed by 0.05 mg/kg/day 1 hour before the procedure (BD + FK506; n = 8), and control (ctrl, n = 7) piglets, which did not undergo brain death induction. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the effect of FK506 on these renal alterations through graft preconditioning. We hypothesized that immunosuppressive properties of FK506 reduce tissue inflammation and preserve the glycocalyx. Our findings revealed a series of interconnected events triggered by BD, leading to a deterioration of renal function and increased proteinuria, increased apoptosis in the vessels, glomeruli and tubules, significant leukocyte infiltration into renal tissue, and degradation of the glycocalyx in comparison with ctrl group. Importantly, treatment with FK506 demonstrated significant efficacy in attenuating these adverse effects. FK506 helped reduce apoptosis, maintain glycocalyx integrity, regulate neutrophil infiltration, and mitigate renal injury following BD. This study offers new insights into the pathophysiology of BD-induced renal injury, emphasizing the potential of FK506 pretreatment as a promising therapeutic intervention for organ preservation, through maintaining endothelial function with the additional benefit of limiting the risk of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Idouz
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (Unamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Asmae Belhaj
- Department of Cardio-Vascular, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, CHU UCL Namur, UCLouvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Benoit Rondelet
- Department of Cardio-Vascular, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, CHU UCL Namur, UCLouvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (Unamur), Namur, Belgium
- Clinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (Unamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dogné
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (Unamur), Namur, Belgium
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7
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Wan H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Qin Y, Yan H, Gui L, Li K, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhang B, Wang Y. Polyphenol-Reinforced Glycocalyx-Like Hydrogel Coating Induced Myocardial Regeneration and Immunomodulation. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39096486 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Although minimally invasive interventional occluders can effectively seal heart defect tissue, they still have some limitations, including poor endothelial healing, intense inflammatory response, and thrombosis formation. Herein, a polyphenol-reinforced medicine/peptide glycocalyx-like coating was prepared on cardiac occluders. A coating consisting of carboxylated chitosan, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), tanshinone IIA sulfonic sodium (TSS), and hyaluronic acid grafted with 3-aminophenylboronic acid was prepared. Subsequently, the mercaptopropionic acid-GGGGG-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val peptide was grafted by the thiol-ene "click" reaction. The coating showed good hydrophilicity and free radical-scavenging ability and could release EGCG-TSS. The results of biological experiments suggested that the coating could reduce thrombosis by promoting endothelialization, and promote myocardial repair by regulating the inflammatory response. The functions of regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and metabolism were confirmed, and the inflammatory regulatory functions of the coating were mainly dependent on the NF-kappa B and TNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hui Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Lan Gui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ke Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Longjian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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O’Hare N, Millican K, Ebong EE. Unraveling neurovascular mysteries: the role of endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1394725. [PMID: 39027900 PMCID: PMC11254711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1394725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While cardiovascular disease, cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality rates have decreased over the past 20 years, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) deaths have risen by 145% since 2010. Despite significant research efforts, effective AD treatments remain elusive due to a poorly defined etiology and difficulty in targeting events that occur too downstream of disease onset. In hopes of elucidating alternative treatment pathways, now, AD is commonly being more broadly defined not only as a neurological disorder but also as a progression of a variety of cerebrovascular pathologies highlighted by the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), which is an essential regulator of vascular physiology, plays a crucial role in the function of the neurovascular system, acting as an essential vascular mechanotransducer to facilitate ultimate blood-brain homeostasis. Shedding of the cerebrovascular GCX could be an early indication of neurovascular dysfunction and may subsequently progress neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Recent advances in in vitro modeling, gene/protein silencing, and imaging techniques offer new avenues of scrutinizing the GCX's effects on AD-related neurovascular pathology. Initial studies indicate GCX degradation in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and have begun to demonstrate a possible link to GCX loss and cerebrovascular dysfunction. This review will scrutinize the GCX's contribution to known vascular etiologies of AD and propose future work aimed at continuing to uncover the relationship between GCX dysfunction and eventual AD-associated neurological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O’Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Chanh HQ, Trieu HT, Tran Kim H, Huynh Ngoc Thien V, Huyen VNT, Moncada A, Thanh Nguyen Thi K, Duyen HTL, Nguyen-Lyle N, Vuong NL, Lam PK, McBride A, Phan TQ, Dong Thi Hoai T, Wills B, Yacoub S. Kinetics of cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers in paediatric dengue shock syndrome. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 5:iqae005. [PMID: 39193474 PMCID: PMC11211616 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycocalyx disruption and hyperinflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of dengue-associated vascular leak, however little is known about their association with clinical outcomes of patients with dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We investigated the association of vascular and inflammatory biomarkers with clinical outcomes and their correlations with clinical markers of vascular leakage. We performed a prospective cohort study in Viet Nam. Children ≥5 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of DSS were enrolled into this study. Blood samples were taken daily during ICU stay and 7-10 days after hospital discharge for measurements of plasma levels of Syndecan-1, Hyaluronan, Suppression of tumourigenicity 2 (ST-2), Ferritin, N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). The primary outcome was recurrent shock. Ninety DSS patients were enrolled. Recurrent shock occurred in 16 patients. All biomarkers, except NT-proBNP, were elevated at presentation with shock. There were no differences between compensated and decompensated DSS patients. Glycocalyx markers were positively correlated with inflammatory biomarkers, haematocrit, percentage haemoconcentration, and negatively correlated with stroke volume index. While Syndecan-1, Hyaluronan, Ferritin, and ST-2 improved with time, ANP continued to be raised at follow-up. Enrolment Syndecan-1 levels were observed to be associated with developing recurrent shock although the association did not reach the statistical significance at the P < 0.01 (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.07-3.35, P = 0.038). Cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in DSS, correlate with clinical vascular leakage parameters and follow different kinetics over time. Syndecan-1 may have potential utility in risk stratifying DSS patients in ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Quang Chanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Trung Trieu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Tran Kim
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Vu Ngo Thanh Huyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Huynh Thi Le Duyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
| | - Ngan Nguyen-Lyle
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Lam Vuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phung Khanh Lam
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
| | - Angela McBride
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tu Qui Phan
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tam Dong Thi Hoai
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, 72707, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhou W, Jiang J, Jiang R. A low androgenic state inhibits erectile function by suppressing endothelial glycosides in the penile cavernous tissue of rats. Sex Med 2024; 12:qfae039. [PMID: 38883807 PMCID: PMC11179729 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The endothelial glycocalyx is an important barrier that protects the structure and function of endothelial cells. Androgen deficiency is a common factor that causes structural and functional impairment of endothelial cells. Aim To investigate changes in the endothelial glycocalyx in the penile corpus cavernosum of the rat with low androgen status and its relationship with erection function. Methods Eighteen 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6 each): sham operation, castration, and castration + testosterone replacement. The maximum intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure of the penis was measured after modeling for 4 weeks. The expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS, syndecan 1, heparanase, and nitric oxide in penile cavernous tissue and the serum levels of heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 were determined. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the endothelial glycocalyx in penile tissue. Outcomes The thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx in the penile corpus cavernosum of castrated rats was significantly lower than that of the control group. Results In the castrated rats, the endothelial glycocalyx thickness, syndecan 1 level, ratio of phospho-eNOS to eNOS, nitric oxide level, and maximum intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (3 V, 5 V) were significantly lower than those in the sham group (P < .05). The expression of heparanase and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were significantly higher in the castrated group than in the sham group (P < .05). Clinical Translation Upregulating the expression of the endothelial glycocalyx in the penile corpus cavernosum may be a new method for treating erectile dysfunction caused by low androgen levels. Strengths and Limitations This study confirms that low androgen status promotes the breakdown of the endothelial glycocalyx. However, further research is needed to determine whether androgens are related to the synthesis of the endothelial glycocalyx. Conclusion Low androgen status may suppress the level of nitric oxide in the cavernous tissue of the penis via impairment of the endothelial glycocalyx, resulting in inhibited erection function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Urology, Hejiang County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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11
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Ferreira G, Taylor A, Mensah SA. Deciphering the triad of endothelial glycocalyx, von Willebrand Factor, and P-selectin in inflammation-induced coagulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372355. [PMID: 38745860 PMCID: PMC11091309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the endothelial glycocalyx's role in inflammation and explores its involvement in coagulation. The glycocalyx, composed of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, interacts with von Willebrand Factor and could play a crucial role in anchoring it to the endothelium. In inflammatory conditions, glycocalyx degradation may leave P-selectin as the only attachment point for von Willebrand Factor, potentially leading to uncontrolled release of ultralong von Willebrand Factor in the bulk flow in a shear stress-dependent manner. Identifying specific glycocalyx glycosaminoglycan interactions with von Willebrand Factor and P-selectin can offer insights into unexplored coagulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere Ferreira
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Taylor
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Solomon A. Mensah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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12
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Kršek A, Batičić L, Ćurko-Cofek B, Batinac T, Laškarin G, Miletić-Gršković S, Sotošek V. Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Endothelial Glycocalyx Dysfunction during Heart Surgery. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3794-3809. [PMID: 38785504 PMCID: PMC11119104 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EGC) is a layer of proteoglycans (associated with glycosaminoglycans) and glycoproteins, which adsorbs plasma proteins on the luminal surface of endothelial cells. Its main function is to participate in separating the circulating blood from the inner layers of the vessels and the surrounding tissues. Physiologically, the EGC stimulates mechanotransduction, the endothelial charge, thrombocyte adhesion, leukocyte tissue recruitment, and molecule extravasation. Hence, severe impairment of the EGC has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including sepsis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory disorders, hypernatremia, hypervolemia, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, alterations in EGC have been associated with altered responses to therapeutic interventions in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Investigation into the function of the glycocalyx has expanded knowledge about vascular disorders and indicated the need to consider new approaches in the treatment of severe endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to present the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases and to elucidate the impact of heart surgery on EGC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea Kršek
- Faculty of Rijeka, University of Medicine, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (B.Ć.-C.); (G.L.)
| | - Tanja Batinac
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences I, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Gordana Laškarin
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (B.Ć.-C.); (G.L.)
- Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism “Thalassotherapia-Opatija”, M. Tita 188, 51410 Opatija, Croatia;
| | - Silvija Miletić-Gršković
- Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism “Thalassotherapia-Opatija”, M. Tita 188, 51410 Opatija, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences I, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.); (V.S.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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13
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Chen Z, Du F, Zhang R, Wu Q, Lu Z, Zhang RL, Wang Q. ADAMTS5 Promotes Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum Invading the Central Nervous System. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1222-1231. [PMID: 38536197 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurosyphilis remains unclear. A previous study found a noteworthy up-regulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) gene in human brain microvascular endothelial cells cocultured with Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (Tp). To investigate the ADAMTS5 role in Tp invading the central nervous system (CNS), we conducted relevant experiments. Our study revealed that Tp caused an increase in human cortical microvascular endothelial cell/D3 (hCMEC/D3) barrier permeability and significantly enhanced ADAMTS5 expression. The heightened permeability of the hCMEC/D3 barrier was effectively mitigated by inhibiting ADAMTS5. During this process, Tp promoted interleukin-1β production, which, in turn, facilitated ADAMTS5 expression. Furthermore, Tp significantly reduced the glycocalyx on the surface of hCMEC/D3 cells, which was also ameliorated by inhibiting ADAMTS5. Additionally, ADAMTS5 and endothelial glycocalyx components notably increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients. This research provided the first demonstration of the ADAMTS5 role in Tp invading the CNS and offered new insight into neurosyphilis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxi Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fangzhi Du
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhiyu Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Rui-Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Qianqiu Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
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14
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Lemmens TP, Bröker V, Rijpkema M, Hughes CCW, Schurgers LJ, Cosemans JMEM. Fundamental considerations for designing endothelialized in vitro models of thrombosis. Thromb Res 2024; 236:179-190. [PMID: 38460307 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Endothelialized in vitro models for cardiovascular disease have contributed greatly to our current understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying thrombosis. To further elucidate these mechanisms, it is important to consider which fundamental aspects to incorporate into an in vitro model. In this review, we will focus on the design of in vitro endothelialized models of thrombosis. Expanding our understanding of the relation and interplay between the different pathways involved will rely in part on complex models that incorporate endothelial cells, blood, the extracellular matrix, and flow. Importantly, the use of tissue-specific endothelial cells will help in understanding the heterogeneity in thrombotic responses between different vascular beds. The dynamic and complex responses of endothelial cells to different shear rates underlines the importance of incorporating appropriate shear in in vitro models. Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix composition, availability of bioactive molecules, and gradients in concentration and composition of these molecules can all regulate the function of both endothelial cells and perivascular cells. Factors modulating these elements in in vitro models should therefore be considered carefully depending on the research question at hand. As the complexity of in vitro models increases, so can the variability. A bottom-up approach to designing such models will remain an important tool for researchers studying thrombosis. As new techniques are continuously being developed and new pathways are brought to light, research question-dependent considerations will have to be made regarding what aspects of thrombosis to include in in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus P Lemmens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Bröker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Minke Rijpkema
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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15
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Kamiya K, Hatayama N, Tawada M, Asai A, Yamauchi M, Kinashi H, Kunoki S, Yamaguchi M, Mizuno M, Suzuki Y, Banshodani M, Ishimoto T, Naito M, Kawanishi H, Ito Y. Role of endothelial hyaluronan in peritoneal membrane transport and disease conditions during peritoneal dialysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7412. [PMID: 38548914 PMCID: PMC10978880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal membrane dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is primarily attributed to angiogenesis; however, the integrity of vascular endothelial cells can affect peritoneal permeability. Hyaluronan, a component of the endothelial glycocalyx, is reportedly involved in preventing proteinuria in the normal glomerulus. One hypothesis suggests that development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is triggered by protein leakage due to vascular endothelial injury. We therefore investigated the effect of hyaluronan in the glycocalyx on peritoneal permeability and disease conditions. After hyaluronidase-mediated degradation of hyaluronan on the endothelial cells of mice, macromolecules, including albumin and β2 microglobulin, leaked into the dialysate. However, peritoneal transport of small solute molecules was not affected. Pathologically, hyaluronan expression was diminished; however, expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and heparan sulfate, a core protein of the glycocalyx, was preserved. Hyaluronan expression on endothelial cells was studied using 254 human peritoneal membrane samples. Hyaluronan expression decreased in patients undergoing long-term PD treatment and EPS patients treated with conventional solutions. Furthermore, the extent of hyaluronan loss correlated with the severity of vasculopathy. Hyaluronan on endothelial cells is involved in the peritoneal transport of macromolecules. Treatment strategies that preserve hyaluronan in the glycocalyx could prevent the leakage of macromolecules and subsequent related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamiya
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hatayama
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tawada
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akimasa Asai
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinashi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shunnosuke Kunoki
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Surgery and Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Banshodani
- Department of Surgery and Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawanishi
- Department of Surgery and Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute City, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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16
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Vittum Z, Cocchiaro S, Mensah SA. Basal endothelial glycocalyx's response to shear stress: a review of structure, function, and clinical implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1371769. [PMID: 38562144 PMCID: PMC10982814 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1371769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx encompasses the entire endothelial cell, transducing extracellular signals and regulating vascular permeability and barrier functions. The apical glycocalyx, which forms the lumen of the vessel, and the basal glycocalyx, at the smooth muscle cell interface, are often investigated separately as they are exposed to vastly different stimuli. The apical glycocalyx directly senses fluid shear forces transmitting them intracellularly through connection to the cytoskeleton of the endothelial cell. The basal glycocalyx has demonstrated sensitivity to shear due to blood flow transmitted through the cytoskeleton, promoting alternate signaling processes. In this review, we discuss current literature on the basal glycocalyx's response to shear stress in the context of mechanotransduction and remodeling. The possible implications of basal glycocalyx degradation in pathologies are also explored. Finally, this review seeks to highlight how addressing the gaps discussed would improve our wholistic understanding of the endothelial glycocalyx and its role in maintaining vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Vittum
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Samantha Cocchiaro
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Solomon A. Mensah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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17
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Wang J, Lu B, Yin G, Liu L, Yang P, Huang N, Zhao A. Design and Fabrication of Environmentally Responsive Nanoparticles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1190-1206. [PMID: 38343186 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease poses a significant threat to human health in today's society. A major contributor to cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis (AS). The development of plaque in the affected areas involves a complex pathological environment, and the disease progresses rapidly. Nanotechnology, combined with emerging diagnostic and treatment methods, offers the potential for the management of this condition. This paper presents the latest advancements in environment-intelligent responsive controlled-release nanoparticles designed specifically for the pathological environment of AS, which includes characteristics such as low pH, high reactive oxygen species levels, high shear stress, and multienzymes. Additionally, the paper summarizes the applications and features of nanotechnology in interventional therapy for AS, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and drug-eluting stents. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis of AS shows promising real-time, accurate, and continuous effects. Lastly, the paper explores the future prospects of nanotechnology, highlighting the tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases, especially with the ongoing development in nano gas, quantum dots, and Metal-Organic Frameworks materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Bingyang Lu
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ge Yin
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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18
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Leonard S, Guertin H, Odoardi N, Miller MR, Patel MA, Daley M, Cepinskas G, Fraser DD. Pediatric sepsis inflammatory blood biomarkers that correlate with clinical variables and severity of illness scores. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:7. [PMID: 38454423 PMCID: PMC10921642 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection, resulting in organ dysfunction. A major challenge in clinical pediatrics is to identify sepsis early and then quickly intervene to reduce morbidity and mortality. As blood biomarkers hold promise as early sepsis diagnostic tools, we aimed to measure a large number of blood inflammatory biomarkers from pediatric sepsis patients to determine their predictive ability, as well as their correlations with clinical variables and illness severity scores. METHODS Pediatric patients that met sepsis criteria were enrolled, and clinical data and blood samples were collected. Fifty-eight inflammatory plasma biomarker concentrations were determined using immunoassays. The data were analyzed with both conventional statistics and machine learning. RESULTS Twenty sepsis patients were enrolled (median age 13 years), with infectious pathogens identified in 75%. Vasopressors were administered to 85% of patients, while 55% received invasive ventilation and 20% were ventilated non-invasively. A total of 24 inflammatory biomarkers were significantly different between sepsis patients and age/sex-matched healthy controls. Nine biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, M-CSF, IL-1RA, hyaluronan, HSP70, MMP3, and MMP10) yielded AUC parameters > 0.9 (95% CIs: 0.837-1.000; p < 0.001). Boruta feature reduction yielded 6 critical biomarkers with their relative importance: IL-8 (12.2%), MCP-1 (11.6%), HSP70 (11.6%), hyaluronan (11.5%), M-CSF (11.5%), and IL-6 (11.5%); combinations of 2 biomarkers yielded AUC values of 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00-1.00; p < 0.001). Specific biomarkers strongly correlated with illness severity scoring, as well as other clinical variables. IL-3 specifically distinguished bacterial versus viral infection (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Specific inflammatory biomarkers were identified as markers of pediatric sepsis and strongly correlated to both clinical variables and sepsis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Leonard
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Natalya Odoardi
- Emergency Medicine, Lakeridge Health, Ajax/Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maitray A Patel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Daley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Room C2-C82, London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhang J. Hyaluronidase inhibitor sHA2.75 alleviates ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:248-261. [PMID: 38526145 PMCID: PMC11057651 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2309019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases (HAases) are enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid (HA) in the animal kingdom. The HAases-HA system is crucial for HA homeostasis and plays a significant role in biological processes and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pathophysiological conditions. This study aims to explore the role of inhibiting the HAases-HA system in acute kidney injury (AKI). We selected the potent inhibitor "sHA2.75" to inhibit HAase activity through mixed inhibitory mechanisms. The ischemia-reperfusion mouse model was established using male BALB/c mice (7-9 weeks old), and animals were subjected to subcapsular injection with 50 mg/kg sHA2.75 twice a week to evaluate the effects of sHA2.75 on AKI on day 1, 5 and 14 after ischemia-reperfusion or sham procedure. Blood and tissue samples were collected for immunohistochemistry, biochemical, and quantitative analyses. sHA2.75 significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels in AKI mouse models. Expression of kidney injury-related genes such as Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), type I collagen (Col1), type III collagen (Col3), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) showed significant downregulation in mouse kidney tissues after sHA2.75 treatment. Moreover, sHA2.75 treatment led to decreased plasma levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) proteins and reduced mRNA levels in renal tissues of AKI mice. Inhibitor sHA2.75 administration in the AKI mouse model downregulated kidney injury-related biomarkers and immune-specific genes, thereby alleviating AKI in vivo. These findings suggest the potential use of HAase inhibitors for treating ischemic reperfusion-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huajiang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Toprak K, Kaplangoray M, Özen K, Koyuncu İ, Taşcanov MB, Altıparmak İH, Biçer A, Demirbağ R. Disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx layer is associated with idiopathic complete atrioventricular block in the elderly population: An observational pilot study. J Investig Med 2024; 72:233-241. [PMID: 38102740 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231222239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic atrioventricular block (iCAVB) is the most common reason for the need for a permanent pacemaker in the elderly population. The fibrotic process that occurs in the conduction system of the heart with aging is the main pathogenesis in the development of iCAVB. However, the processes that trigger the development of iCAVB in the elderly population have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to reveal the possible relationship between the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) layer and idiopathic complete atrioventricular block. A group of 68 consecutive patients who developed iCAVB and a group of 68 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors were included in the study. The groups were compared for clinical, laboratory, and levels of Syndecan-1 (SDC1), an EG layer marker. In the study, SDC1 levels were found to be significantly higher in the iCAVB group compared to the control group (23.7 ± 7.5 vs 16.7 ± 5.2; p = 0.009). In multivariable regression analysis, SDC1 was determined as an independent potential predictor for iCAVB (OR: 1.200; 95% CI: 1.119-1.287; p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SDC1 predicted iCAVB with 74% sensitivity and 72% specificity at the best cut-off value of 18.5 ng/mL (area under the curve: 0.777; confidence interval: 0.698-0.856; p < 0.001). Disruption of the endothelial glycolic layer may be one of the main triggering factors for the process leading to iCAVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Toprak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kaplangoray
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Kaya Özen
- Department of Cardiology, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Asuman Biçer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Recep Demirbağ
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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21
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Han Y, Duan J, Chen M, Huang S, Zhang B, Wang Y, Liu J, Li X, Yu W. Relationship between serum sodium level and sepsis-induced coagulopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1324369. [PMID: 38298508 PMCID: PMC10828971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1324369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose A discussion about the correlation between the level of serum sodium and sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC). Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on sepsis patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. Based on the presence of coagulation disorders, the patients were divided into two groups: sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) and non-sepsis-induced coagulopathy (non-SIC) groups. We recorded demographic characteristics and laboratory indicators at the time of ICU admission, and analyzed relationship between serum sodium level and SIC. Results One hundred and twenty-five patients with sepsis were enrolled, among which, the SIC and the non-SIC groups included 62 and 63 patients, respectively. Compared to patients in the non-SIC group, the level of serum sodium of those in the SIC was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Multi-factor logistic regression showed serum sodium level was independently associated with SIC (or = 1.127, p = 0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the higher the serum sodium level, the significantly higher the SIC score was (r = 0.373, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mortality rate of patients with sepsis in the ICU were significantly correlated with increased serum sodium levels (p = 0.014). Conclusion An increase in serum sodium level was independently associated with an increased occurrence of SIC and also associated with the poor prognosis for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Beiyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Yilmaz PD, Kadiyoran C, Goktepe MH, Akkubak Y, Icli A, Kucuk A. Syndecan 1 may slow the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2156529. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2156529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Diydem Yilmaz
- Department of Radiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kadiyoran
- Department of Radiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Hakan Goktepe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akkubak
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Icli
- Department of Cardiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Adem Kucuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Hieba AR, Arida EA, Osman HAH, Imbaby SAEDM, Moharem HAHA. Endothelial glycocalyx shedding during active COVID-19 infection and its effect on disease severity. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/11101849.2023.2192099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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24
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Foote CA, Ramirez-Perez FI, Smith JA, Ghiarone T, Morales-Quinones M, McMillan NJ, Augenreich MA, Power G, Burr K, Aroor AR, Bender SB, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Neuraminidase inhibition improves endothelial function in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1337-H1353. [PMID: 37801046 PMCID: PMC10908409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00337.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidases cleave sialic acids from glycocalyx structures and plasma neuraminidase activity is elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, we hypothesize circulating neuraminidase degrades the endothelial glycocalyx and diminishes flow-mediated dilation (FMD), whereas its inhibition restores shear mechanosensation and endothelial function in T2D settings. We found that compared with controls, subjects with T2D have higher plasma neuraminidase activity, reduced plasma nitrite concentrations, and diminished FMD. Ex vivo and in vivo neuraminidase exposure diminished FMD and reduced endothelial glycocalyx presence in mouse arteries. In cultured endothelial cells, neuraminidase reduced glycocalyx coverage. Inhalation of the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, reduced plasma neuraminidase activity, enhanced endothelial glycocalyx length, and improved FMD in diabetic mice. In humans, a single-arm trial (NCT04867707) of zanamivir inhalation did not reduce plasma neuraminidase activity, improved glycocalyx length, or enhanced FMD. Although zanamivir plasma concentrations in mice reached 225.8 ± 22.0 ng/mL, in humans were only 40.0 ± 7.2 ng/mL. These results highlight the potential of neuraminidase inhibition for ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in T2D and suggest the current Food and Drug Administration-approved inhaled dosage of zanamivir is insufficient to achieve desired outcomes in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work identifies neuraminidase as a key mediator of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes that may serve as a biomarker for impaired endothelial function and predictive of development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data show that intervention with the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir at effective plasma concentrations may represent a novel pharmacological strategy for restoring the glycocalyx and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Foote
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - James A Smith
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Neil J McMillan
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Marc A Augenreich
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gavin Power
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Katherine Burr
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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25
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Hu Z, Deng X, Zhou S, Zhou C, Shen M, Gao X, Huang Y. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications of extracellular matrix remodelling in cerebral vasospasm. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:81. [PMID: 37925414 PMCID: PMC10625254 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm significantly contributes to poor prognosis and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Current research indicates that the pathological and physiological mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm may be attributed to the exposure of blood vessels to toxic substances, such as oxyhaemoglobin and inflammation factors. These factors disrupt cerebral vascular homeostasis. Vascular homeostasis is maintained by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and related cell surface receptors, such as integrins, characterised by collagen deposition, collagen crosslinking, and elastin degradation within the vascular ECM. It involves interactions between the ECM and smooth muscle cells as well as endothelial cells. Its biological activities are particularly crucial in the context of cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, regulating ECM homeostasis may represent a novel therapeutic target for cerebral vasospasm. This review explores the potential pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm and the impacts of ECM protein metabolism on the vascular wall during ECM remodelling. Additionally, we underscore the significance of an ECM protein imbalance, which can lead to increased ECM stiffness and activation of the YAP pathway, resulting in vascular remodelling. Lastly, we discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, 315302, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menglu Shen
- Cixi Third People's Hospital, Cixi, 315324, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Zhou HL, Jiang XZ, Ventikos Y. Role of blood flow in endothelial functionality: a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1259280. [PMID: 37905167 PMCID: PMC10613523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, located on the surface of blood vessel walls, are constantly stimulated by mechanical forces from the blood flow. The mechanical forces, i.e., fluid shear stress, induced by the blood flow play a pivotal role in controlling multiple physiological processes at the endothelium and in regulating various pathways that maintain homeostasis and vascular function. In this review, research looking at different blood fluid patterns and fluid shear stress in the circulation system is summarized, together with the interactions between the blood flow and the endothelial cells. This review also highlights the flow profile as a response to the configurational changes of the endothelial glycocalyx, which is less revisited in previous reviews. The role of endothelial glycocalyx in maintaining endothelium health and the strategies for the restoration of damaged endothelial glycocalyx are discussed from the perspective of the fluid shear stress. This review provides a new perspective regarding our understanding of the role that blood flow plays in regulating endothelial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhuo Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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27
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Yung S, Chan TM. Endothelial cell activation and glycocalyx shedding - potential as biomarkers in patients with lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251876. [PMID: 37854589 PMCID: PMC10579905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and an important cause of acute and chronic kidney injury. Early diagnosis of LN and preventing relapses are key to preserving renal reserve. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease, clinical management remains challenging. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of LN and subsequent assessment of kidney histopathology, but it is invasive and cannot be repeated frequently. Current clinical indicators of kidney function such as proteinuria and serum creatinine level are non-specific and do not accurately reflect histopathological changes, while anti-dsDNA antibody and C3 levels reflect immunological status but not kidney injury. Identification of novel and specific biomarkers for LN is prerequisite to improve management. Renal function deterioration is associated with changes in the endothelial glycocalyx, a delicate gel-like layer located at the interface between the endothelium and bloodstream. Inflammation induces endothelial cell activation and shedding of glycocalyx constituents into the circulation. This review discusses the potential role of soluble glycocalyx components as biomarkers of active LN, especially in patients in whom conventional serological and biochemical markers do not appear helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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van Lanen RHGJ, Haeren RHL, Staals J, Dings JTA, Schijns OEMG, Hoogland G, van Kuijk SMJ, Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Vink H, Rijkers K. Cerebrovascular glycocalyx damage and microcirculation impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1737-1751. [PMID: 37231664 PMCID: PMC10581235 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is increasingly associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular alterations, yet the pathophysiological link is missing. An important barrier function is exerted by the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer coating the endothelium. To explore such associations, we used intraoperative videomicroscopy to quantify glycocalyx and microcirculation properties of the neocortex and hippocampus of 15 patients undergoing resective brain surgery as treatment for drug-resistant TLE, and 15 non-epileptic controls. Fluorescent lectin staining of neocortex and hippocampal tissue was used for blood vessel surface area quantification. Neocortical perfused boundary region, the thickness of the glycocalyx' impaired layer, was higher in patients (2.64 ± 0.52 µm) compared to controls (1.31 ± 0.29 µm), P < 0.01, indicative of reduced glycocalyx integrity in patients. Moreover, erythrocyte flow velocity analysis revealed an impaired ability of TLE patients to (de-)recruit capillaries in response to changing metabolic demands (R2 = 0.75, P < 0.01), indicating failure of neurovascular coupling mechanisms. Blood vessel quantification comparison between intraoperative measurements and resected tissue showed strong correlation (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01). This is the first report on in vivo assessment of glycocalyx and microcirculation properties in TLE patients, confirming the pivotal role of cerebrovascular changes. Further assessment of the cerebral microcirculation in relation to epileptogenesis might open avenues for new therapeutic targets for drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick HGJ van Lanen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel HL Haeren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim TA Dings
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf EMG Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander MJ van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Kapsokalyvas
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc AMJ van Zandvoort
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, Universitätsklinikum, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Rijkers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
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29
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Sun L, Wang L, Ye KX, Wang S, Zhang R, Juan Z, Feng L, Min S. Endothelial Glycocalyx in Aging and Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1606-1617. [PMID: 37196119 PMCID: PMC10529737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide population is aging exponentially, creating burdens to patients, their families and society. Increasing age is associated with higher risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, and aging of the vascular system is closely linked to the development of many age-related diseases. Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of proteoglycan polymers on the surface of the inner lumen of blood vessels. It plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting various organ functions. Endothelial glycocalyx loss happens through the aging process and repairing the endothelial glycocalyx may alleviate the symptoms of age-related diseases. Given the important role of the glycocalyx and its regenerative properties, it is posited that the endothelial glycocalyx may be a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related diseases and repairing endothelial glycocalyx could play a role in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity. Here, we review the composition, function, shedding, and manifestation of the endothelial glycocalyx in aging and age-related diseases, as well as regeneration of endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shoushi Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Appelman B, Michels EHA, de Brabander J, Peters-Sengers H, van Amstel RBE, Noordzij SM, Klarenbeek AM, van Linge CCA, Chouchane O, Schuurman AR, Reijnders TDY, Douma RA, Bos LDJ, Wiersinga WJ, van der Poll T. Thrombocytopenia is associated with a dysregulated host response in severe COVID-19. Thromb Res 2023; 229:187-197. [PMID: 37541167 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between thrombocytopenia and alterations in host response pathways implicated in disease pathogenesis in patients with severe COVID-19. PATIENTS/METHODS We studied COVID-19 patients admitted to a general hospital ward included in a national (CovidPredict) cohort derived from 13 hospitals in the Netherlands. In a subgroup, 43 host response biomarkers providing insight in aberrations in distinct pathophysiological domains (coagulation and endothelial cell function; inflammation and damage; cytokines and chemokines) were determined in plasma obtained at a single time point within 48 h after admission. Patients were stratified in those with normal platelet counts (150-400 × 109/L) and those with thrombocytopenia (<150 × 109/L). RESULTS 6.864 patients were enrolled in the national cohort, of whom 1.348 had thrombocytopenia and 5.516 had normal platelets counts; the biomarker cohort consisted of 429 patients, of whom 85 with thrombocytopenia and 344 with normal platelet counts. Plasma D-dimer levels were not different in thrombocytopenia, although patients with moderate-severe thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109/L) showed higher D-dimer levels, indicating enhanced coagulation activation. Patients with thrombocytopenia had lower plasma levels of many proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and antiviral mediators, suggesting involvement of platelets in inflammation and antiviral immunity. Thrombocytopenia was associated with alterations in endothelial cell biomarkers indicative of enhanced activation and a relatively preserved glycocalyx integrity. CONCLUSION Thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 is associated with broad host response changes across several pathophysiological domains. These results suggest a role of platelets in the immune response during severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Erik H A Michels
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Justin de Brabander
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hessel Peters-Sengers
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rombout B E van Amstel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie M Noordzij
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Augustijn M Klarenbeek
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christine C A van Linge
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Osoul Chouchane
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex R Schuurman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom D Y Reijnders
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée A Douma
- Flevo Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Almere, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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Nukala SB, Jousma J, Yan G, Han Z, Kwon Y, Cho Y, Liu C, Gagnon K, Pinho S, Rehman J, Shao NY, Ong SB, Lee WH, Ong SG. Modulation of lncRNA links endothelial glycocalyx to vascular dysfunction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1997-2013. [PMID: 37267414 PMCID: PMC10439712 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Novel cancer therapies leading to increased survivorship of cancer patients have been negated by a concomitant rise in cancer therapies-related cardiovascular toxicities. Sunitinib, a first line multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to cause vascular dysfunction although the initiating mechanisms contributing to this side effect remain unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of biological processes in endothelial cells (ECs); however, their roles in cancer therapies-related vascular toxicities remain underexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed lncRNA expression profiling to identify potential lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) treated with sunitinib. We show that the lncRNA hyaluronan synthase 2 antisense 1 (HAS2-AS1) is significantly diminished in sunitinib-treated iPSC-ECs. Sunitinib was found to down-regulate HAS2-AS1 by an epigenetic mechanism involving hypermethylation. Depletion of HAS2-AS1 recapitulated sunitinib-induced detrimental effects on iPSC-ECs, whereas CRISPR-mediated activation of HAS2-AS1 reversed sunitinib-induced dysfunction. We confirmed that HAS2-AS1 stabilizes the expression of its sense gene HAS2 via an RNA/mRNA heteroduplex formation. Knockdown of HAS2-AS1 led to reduced synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and up-regulation of ADAMTS5, an enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation, resulting in disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx which is critical for ECs. In vivo, sunitinib-treated mice showed reduced coronary flow reserve, accompanied by a reduction in Has2os and degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx. Finally, we identified that treatment with high molecular-weight HA can prevent the deleterious effects of sunitinib both in vitro and in vivo by preserving the endothelial glycocalyx. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of lncRNA-mediated regulation of the endothelial glycocalyx as an important determinant of sunitinib-induced vascular toxicity and reveal potential novel therapeutic avenues to attenuate sunitinib-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Babu Nukala
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jordan Jousma
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gege Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Youjeong Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yoonje Cho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Chuyu Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Keith Gagnon
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive Carbondale, IL 62901-4413, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale IL 62901, USA
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Sang-Bing Ong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine (CCGM), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, 10/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), Hong Kong Children's Hospital (HKCH), 8/F, Tower A,1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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Santoro L, Zaccone V, Falsetti L, Ruggieri V, Danese M, Miro C, Di Giorgio A, Nesci A, D’Alessandro A, Moroncini G, Santoliquido A. Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Sequelae of Long COVID. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2239. [PMID: 37626735 PMCID: PMC10452509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The global action against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, shed light on endothelial dysfunction. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the pulmonary system, multiple studies have documented pan-vascular involvement in COVID-19. The virus is able to penetrate the endothelial barrier, damaging it directly or indirectly and causing endotheliitis and multi-organ injury. Several mechanisms cooperate to development of endothelial dysfunction, including endothelial cell injury and pyroptosis, hyperinflammation and cytokine storm syndrome, oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, glycocalyx disruption, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis. After acute-phase infection, some patients reported signs and symptoms of a systemic disorder known as long COVID, in which a broad range of cardiovascular (CV) disorders emerged. To date, the exact pathophysiology of long COVID remains unclear: in addition to the persistence of acute-phase infection mechanisms, specific pathways of CV damage have been postulated, such as persistent viral reservoirs in the heart or an autoimmune response to cardiac antigens through molecular mimicry. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main molecular patterns of enduring endothelial activation following SARS-CoV-2 infection and to offer the latest summary of CV complications in long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santoro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Zaccone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Internal and Sub-Intensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Danese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Miro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Nesci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessia D’Alessandro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Huijink TM, van 't Hof CJ, van Furth LA, de Haan NA, Maassen H, Venema LH, Lammerts RGM, van den Heuvel MC, Hillebrands JL, van den Born J, Berger SP, Leuvenink HGD. Loss of Endothelial Glycocalyx During Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Porcine Kidneys Irrespective of Pressure and Hematocrit. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1507. [PMID: 37456589 PMCID: PMC10348736 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is a promising modality for marginal donor kidneys. However, little is known about the effects of NMP on causing endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of NMP on eGC injury in marginal donor kidneys and whether this is affected by perfusion pressures and hematocrits. Methods Porcine slaughterhouse kidneys (n = 6/group) underwent 35 min of warm ischemia. Thereafter, the kidneys were preserved with oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion for 3 h. Subsequently, 4 h of NMP was applied using pressure-controlled perfusion with an autologous blood-based solution containing either 12%, 24%, or 36% hematocrit. Pressures of 55, 75, and 95 mm Hg were applied in the 24% group. Perfusate, urine, and biopsy samples were collected to determine both injury and functional parameters. Results During NMP, hyaluronan levels in the perfusate increased significantly (P < 0.0001). In addition, the positivity of glyco-stained glycocalyx decreased significantly over time, both in the glomeruli (P = 0.024) and peritubular capillaries (P = 0.003). The number of endothelial cells did not change during NMP (P = 0.157), whereas glomerular endothelial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Microthrombi formation was significantly increased after NMP. The use of different pressures and hematocrits did not affect functional parameters during perfusion. Conclusions NMP is accompanied with eGC and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 loss, without significant loss of endothelial cells. eGC loss was not affected by the different pressures and hematocrits used. It remains unclear whether endothelial injury during NMP has harmful consequences for the transplanted kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Huijink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cor J van 't Hof
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Annick van Furth
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nora A de Haan
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanno Maassen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie H Venema
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa G M Lammerts
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marius C van den Heuvel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan P Berger
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Valera G, Figuer A, Caro J, Yuste C, Morales E, Ceprián N, Bodega G, Ramírez R, Alique M, Carracedo J. Plasma glycocalyx pattern: a mirror of endothelial damage in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1278-1287. [PMID: 37529650 PMCID: PMC10387401 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial damage and cardiovascular disease complicate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increased atherogenicity observed in patients with CKD can be linked to microinflammation and endothelial damage. Circulating endothelial glycocalyx degradation products, such as perlecan and decorin, tend to be elevated in CKD. We aimed to explore the association between the plasma perlecan and decorin levels and this pro-inflammatory and atherogenic state by studying monocyte subpopulations and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in patients with CKD. Methods We studied 17 healthy controls, 23 patients with advanced CKD, 25 patients on haemodialysis, 23 patients on peritoneal dialysis and 20 patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Perlecan and decorin levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the monocyte phenotype was analysed using direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results The plasma perlecan levels were higher in patients with CKD than in the healthy controls. These levels were associated with a higher prevalence of ICAM-1+ monocytes. Conversely, patients with advanced CKD (pre-dialysis) had higher plasma decorin levels, which were associated with a reduced ICAM-1 expression per monocyte. Conclusions Elevated perlecan levels in CKD may be associated with a higher prevalence of ICAM-1+ monocytes and a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Elevated decorin levels may act as a negative regulator of ICAM-1 expression in monocytes. Therefore, perlecan and decorin may be related to inflammation and monocyte activation in CKD and may act as potential markers of endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jara Caro
- Departamento de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Yuste
- Departamento de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Morales
- Departamento de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Ceprián
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Bodega
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Parnigoni A, Moretto P, Viola M, Karousou E, Passi A, Vigetti D. Effects of Hyaluronan on Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3813. [PMID: 37568628 PMCID: PMC10417239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells is critical for determining tumor aggressiveness and targeting therapies. The presence of such receptors allows for the use of antagonists that effectively reduce breast cancer growth and dissemination. However, the absence of such receptors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) reduces the possibility of targeted therapy, making these tumors very aggressive with a poor outcome. Cancers are not solely composed of tumor cells, but also include several types of infiltrating cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells that have critical functions in regulating cancer cell behaviors. In addition to these cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has become an important player in many aspects of breast cancer biology, including cell growth, motility, metabolism, and chemoresistance. Hyaluronan (HA) is a key ECM component that promotes cell proliferation and migration in several malignancies. Notably, HA accumulation in the tumor stroma is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer. HA metabolism depends on the fine balance between HA synthesis by HA synthases and degradation yielded by hyaluronidases. All the different cell types present in the tumor can release HA in the ECM, and in this review, we will describe the role of HA and HA metabolism in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (P.M.); (M.V.); (E.K.); (A.P.)
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Zhang L, Li J, Chen J, Lei J, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Liu Z, Yu C, Ma L. Oscillatory shear stress-mediated aberrant O-GlcNAc SIRT3 accelerates glycocalyx inflammatory injury via LKB1/p47 phox/Hyal2 signaling. Cell Signal 2023:110790. [PMID: 37392860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycocalyx coating on endothelial surface layer helps to sense shear forces and maintain endothelial function. However, the underlying mechanism of endothelial glycocalyx degradation upon disordered shear stress stimulation is not fully understood. SIRT3, a major NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases, is required for protein stability during vascular homeostasis and partly involved in atherosclerotic process. While few studies showed that SIRT3 is responsible for endothelial glycocalyx homeostasis under shear stress, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that oscillatory shear stress (OSS) induces glycocalyx injury by activating LKB1/p47phox/Hyal2 axis both in vivo and in vitro. And O-GlcNAc modification served to prolong SIRT3 deacetylase activity and stabilized p47/Hyal2 complex. OSS could decrease SIRT3 O-GlcNAcylation to activate LKB1, further accelerated endothelial glycocalyx injury in inflammatory microenvironment. SIRT3Ser329 mutation or inhibition of SIRT3 O-GlcNAcylation strongly promoted glycocalyx degradation. On the contrary, overexpression of SIRT3 reverse glycocalyx damage upon OSS treatment. Together, our findings indicated that targeting O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT3 could prevent and/or treat diseases whereby glycocalyx injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Hechuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Lei
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Limei Ma
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Sembajwe LF, Ssekandi AM, Namaganda A, Muwonge H, Kasolo JN, Kalyesubula R, Nakimuli A, Naome M, Patel KP, Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Glycocalyx-Sodium Interaction in Vascular Endothelium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37447199 PMCID: PMC10343370 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx generally covers almost all cellular surfaces, where it participates in mediating cell-surface interactions with the extracellular matrix as well as with intracellular signaling molecules. The endothelial glycocalyx that covers the luminal surface mediates the interactions of endothelial cells with materials flowing in the circulating blood, including blood cells. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The cardiovascular risk factors start by causing endothelial cell dysfunction associated with destruction or irregular maintenance of the glycocalyx, which may culminate into a full-blown cardiovascular disease. The endothelial glycocalyx plays a crucial role in shielding the cell from excessive exposure and absorption of excessive salt, which can potentially cause damage to the endothelial cells and underlying tissues of the blood vessels. So, in this mini review/commentary, we delineate and provide a concise summary of the various components of the glycocalyx, their interaction with salt, and subsequent involvement in the cardiovascular disease process. We also highlight the major components of the glycocalyx that could be used as disease biomarkers or as drug targets in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fred Sembajwe
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Abdul M. Ssekandi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Agnes Namaganda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Josephine N. Kasolo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda;
| | - Mwesigwa Naome
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Kabwe P.O. Box 80415, Zambia;
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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Knežević D, Ćurko-Cofek B, Batinac T, Laškarin G, Rakić M, Šoštarič M, Zdravković M, Šustić A, Sotošek V, Batičić L. Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review and Clinical Implications. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050213. [PMID: 37233179 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac surgery is one of the highest-risk procedures, usually involving cardiopulmonary bypass and commonly inducing endothelial injury that contributes to the development of perioperative and postoperative organ dysfunction. Substantial scientific efforts are being made to unravel the complex interaction of biomolecules involved in endothelial dysfunction to find new therapeutic targets and biomarkers and to develop therapeutic strategies to protect and restore the endothelium. This review highlights the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx and mechanisms of endothelial glycocalyx shedding in cardiac surgery. Particular emphasis is placed on potential strategies to protect and restore the endothelial glycocalyx in cardiac surgery. In addition, we have summarized and elaborated the latest evidence on conventional and potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction to provide a comprehensive synthesis of crucial mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and to highlight their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Knežević
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tanja Batinac
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences I, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordana Laškarin
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia-Opatija", M. Tita 188, 51410 Opatija, Croatia
| | - Marijana Rakić
- Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia-Opatija", M. Tita 188, 51410 Opatija, Croatia
| | - Maja Šoštarič
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Therapy, Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Zdravković
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alan Šustić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Kaur G, Harris NR. Endothelial glycocalyx in retina, hyperglycemia, and diabetic retinopathy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1061-C1077. [PMID: 36939202 PMCID: PMC10125029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is a meshlike network present on the apical surface of the endothelium. Membrane-bound proteoglycans, the major backbone molecules of the EG, consist of glycosaminoglycans attached to core proteins. In addition to maintaining the integrity of the endothelial barrier, the EG regulates inflammation and perfusion and acts as a mechanosensor. The loss of the EG can cause endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of vascular diseases including diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the EG presents a novel therapeutic target for treatment of vascular complications. In this review article, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the EG in the retina. Our particular focus is on hyperglycemia-induced perturbations in the glycocalyx structure in the retina, potential underlying mechanisms, and clinical trials studying protective treatments against degradation of the EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
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40
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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41
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Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Spyridaki I, Kuskov A, Perez S, Nikitovic D. Hyaluronan and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling—Novel Cues from the Matrix? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040824. [PMID: 37107200 PMCID: PMC10135151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) localized to the cell surface and the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). It is composed of disaccharides containing glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, is synthesized by the HA synthase (HAS) enzymes and is degraded by hyaluronidase (HYAL) or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) actions. HA is deposited as a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer and degraded to low molecular weight (LMW) fragments and oligosaccharides. HA affects biological functions by interacting with HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins). HMW HA is anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiangiogenic, whereas LMW HA has pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenetic, and oncogenic effects. ROS/RNS naturally degrade HMW HA, albeit at enhanced levels during tissue injury and inflammatory processes. Thus, the degradation of endothelial glycocalyx HA by increased ROS challenges vascular integrity and can initiate several disease progressions. Conversely, HA exerts a vital role in wound healing through ROS-mediated HA modifications, which affect the innate immune system. The normal turnover of HA protects against matrix rigidification. Insufficient turnover leads to increased tissue rigidity, leading to tissue dysfunction. Both endogenous and exogenous HMW HA have a scavenging capacity against ROS. The interactions of ROS/RNS with HA are more complex than presently perceived and present an important research topic.
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42
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Froldi G. The Use of Medicinal Plants in Blood Vessel Diseases: The Influence of Gender. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040866. [PMID: 37109395 PMCID: PMC10147070 DOI: 10.3390/life13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data available in the literature on the use of herbal products to treat inflammation-related vascular diseases were considered in this study, while also assessing the influence of gender. To this end, the articles published in PubMed over the past 10 years that described the use of plant extracts in randomized clinical trials studying the effectiveness in vascular pathologies were analyzed. The difference in efficacy of plant-derived preparations in female and male subjects was always considered when reporting. The safety profiles of the selected plants were described, reporting unwanted effects in humans and also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase®). The medicinal plants considered were Allium sativum, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Sechium edule, Terminalia chebula. Additionally, an innovative type of preparation consisting of plant-derived nanovesicles was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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43
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Hematic Antegrade Repriming Reduces Emboli on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ASAIO J 2023; 69:324-331. [PMID: 35609139 PMCID: PMC9949522 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate and gaseous microemboli (GME) are side effects of cardiac surgery that interfere with postoperative recovery by causing endothelial dysfunction and vascular blockages. GME sources during surgery are multiple, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is contributory to this embolic load. Hematic antegrade repriming (HAR) is a novel procedure that combines the benefits of repriming techniques with additional measures, by following a standardized procedure to provide a reproducible hemodilution of 300 ml. To clarify the safety of HAR in terms of embolic load delivery, a prospective and controlled study was conducted, by applying Doppler probes to the extracorporeal circuit, to determine the number and volume of GME released during CPB. A sample of 115 patients (n = 115) was considered for assessment. Both groups were managed under strict normothermia, and similar clinical conditions and protocols, receiving the same open and minimized circuit. Significant differences in GME volume delivery (control group [CG] = 0.28 ml vs. HAR = 0.08 ml; p = 0.004) and high embolic volume exposure (>1 ml) were found between the groups (CG = 30.36% vs. HAR = 4.26%; p = 0.001). The application of HAR did not represent an additional embolic risk and provided a four-fold reduction in the embolic volume delivered to the patient (coefficient, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.72; p = 0.01), which appears to enhance GME clearance of the oxygenator before CPB initiation.
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Sutherland TE, Dyer DP, Allen JE. The extracellular matrix and the immune system: A mutually dependent relationship. Science 2023; 379:eabp8964. [PMID: 36795835 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades, immunologists have studied the role of circulating immune cells in host protection, with a more recent appreciation of immune cells resident within the tissue microenvironment and the intercommunication between nonhematopoietic cells and immune cells. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM), which comprises at least a third of tissue structures, remains relatively underexplored in immunology. Similarly, matrix biologists often overlook regulation of complex structural matrices by the immune system. We are only beginning to understand the scale at which ECM structures determine immune cell localization and function. Additionally, we need to better understand how immune cells dictate ECM complexity. This review aims to highlight the potential for biological discovery at the interface of immunology and matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Sutherland
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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45
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Ludwig EK, Hobbs KJ, McKinney-Aguirre CA, Gonzalez LM. Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:227. [PMID: 36670767 PMCID: PMC9854801 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are typically proteins, enzymes, or other molecular changes that are elevated or decreased in body fluids during the course of inflammation or disease. Biomarkers pose an extremely attractive tool for establishing diagnoses and prognoses of equine gastrointestinal colic, one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in horses. This topic has received increasing attention because early diagnosis of some forms of severe colic, such as intestinal ischemia, would create opportunities for rapid interventions that would likely improve case outcomes. This review explores biomarkers currently used in equine medicine for colic, including acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, markers of endotoxemia, and tissue injury metabolites. To date, no single biomarker has been identified that is perfectly sensitive and specific for intestinal ischemia; however, L-lactate has been proven to be a very functional and highly utilized diagnostic tool. However, further exploration of other biomarkers discussed in this review may provide the key to accelerated identification, intervention, and better outcomes for horses suffering from severe colic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liara M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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46
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Du H, Hu H, Li J, Wang X, Jiang H, Lian J, Zhang Y, Wang P. High levels of exfoliated fragments following glycocalyx destruction in hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome are associated with mortality risk. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1096353. [PMID: 37138736 PMCID: PMC10149802 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1096353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The glycocalyx is a gel-like structure that covers the luminal side of vascular endothelial cells. It plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the vascular endothelial barrier structure. However, the presence or absence of glycocalyx destruction in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and its specific mechanism and role is still unclear. Methods In this study, we detected the levels of exfoliated glycocalyx fragments, namely, heparan sulfate (HS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS), in HFRS patients and investigated their clinical application value on the evaluation of disease severity and prognosis prediction. Results The expression of exfoliated glycocalyx fragments in plasma was significantly increased during the acute stage of HFRS. The levels of HS, HA, and CS in HFRS patients during the acute stage were significantly higher than in healthy controls and convalescent stages of the same type. HS and CS during the acute stage gradually increased with the aggravation of HFRS, and both fragments showed a significant association with disease severity. In addition, exfoliated glycocalyx fragments (especially HS and CS) showed a significant correlation with conventional laboratory parameters and hospitalization days. High levels of HS and CS during the acute phase were significantly associated with patient mortality and demonstrated an obvious predictive value for the mortality risk of HFRS. Conclusion Glycocalyx destruction and shedding may be closely associated with endothelial hyperpermeability and microvascular leakage in HFRS. The dynamic detection of the exfoliated glycocalyx fragments may be beneficial for the evaluation of disease severity and prognosis prediction in HFRS.
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47
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Lankin VZ, Tikhaze AK, Melkumyants AM. Malondialdehyde as an Important Key Factor of Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Wall Damage under Heart Diseases Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010128. [PMID: 36613568 PMCID: PMC9820205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini review is devoted to a specific issue: the role of malondialdehyde (MDA)-a secondary product of free radical lipid peroxidation-in the molecular mechanisms of the formation of primary atherosclerotic vascular wall lesions. The principal difference between this review and the available literature is that it discusses in detail the important role in atherogenesis not of "oxidized" LDL (i.e., LDL particles containing lipohydroperoxides), but of LDL particles chemically modified by the natural low-molecular weight dicarbonyl MDA. To confirm this, we consider the data obtained by us earlier, indicating that "atherogenic" are not LDL oxidized as a result of free radical lipoperoxidation and containing lipohydroperoxy derivatives of phospholipids in the outer layer of particles, but LDL whose apoprotein B-100 has been modified due to the chemical reaction of terminal lysine residue amino groups of the apoB-100 with the aldehyde groups of the MDA (Maillard reaction). In addition, we present our original data proving that MDA injures endothelial glycocalyx that suppress the ability of the endothelium to control arterial tone according to changes in wall shear stress. In summary, this mini review for the first time exhaustively discloses the key role of MDA in atherogenesis.
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48
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Zhou G, Liu J, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu D. Elevated endothelial dysfunction-related biomarker levels indicate the severity and predict sepsis incidence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21935. [PMID: 36536028 PMCID: PMC9763325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum endothelial dysfunction-related biomarker levels and organ dysfunction severity in septic patients and the predictive value of these levels during sepsis. In total, 105 patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine were enrolled between September 2020 and November 2021. Serum syndecan-1 and soluble thrombomodulin(sTM) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Enroll patients were divided into the infection (n = 28), septic nonshock (n = 31), and septic shock (n = 46) groups . Serum syndecan-1 (102.84 ± 16.53 vs. 55.38 ± 12.34 ng/ml), and sTM(6.60 ± 1.44 ng/ml vs. 5.23 ± 1.23 ng/ml, P < 0.01) levels were increased in the septic group compared with those in the infection group. Serum syndecan-1 levels were closely positively correlated with serum sTM (rs = 0.712, r2 = 0.507, P < 0.001). Additionally, serum syndecan-1(rs = 0.687, r2 = 0.472, P < 0.001) and sTM levels (rs = 0.6, r2 = 0.36, P < 0.01) levels were significantly positively correlated with the sequential organ failure assessment scores respectively. Syndecan-1 (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.0001) was more valuable for prediction sepsis than was sTM (AUC 0.87 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001). Compared with sTM (AUC 0.88 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), syndecan-1 (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) and SOFA score (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) were better predictors of septic shock. Serum syndecan-1 and sTM levels were associated with organ dysfunction severity in septic patients, and both were good predictors for early identification of sepsis, particularly in patients undergoing septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Zhou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Dawei Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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Mitra R, Nersesyan A, Pentland K, Melin MM, Levy RM, Ebong EE. Diosmin and its glycocalyx restorative and anti-inflammatory effects on injured blood vessels. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22630. [PMID: 36315163 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200053rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium, a crucial homeostatic organ, regulates vascular permeability and tone. Under physiological conditions, endothelial stimulation induces vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) release and prevents adhesion molecule accessibility and leukocyte adhesion and migration into vessel walls. Endothelium dysfunction is a principal event in cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis. Minimal attention is given to an important endothelial cell structure, the endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), a negatively charged heterogeneous polysaccharide that serves as a protective covering for endothelial cells and enables endothelial cells to transduce mechanical stimuli into various biological and chemical activities. Endothelial GCX shedding thus plays a role in endothelial dysfunction, for example by increasing vascular permeability and decreasing vessel tone. Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing therapies that focus on GCX repair to limit downstream endothelium dysfunction and prevent further downstream cardiovascular events. Here, we present diosmin (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7-rhamnoglucoside), a flavone glycoside of diosmetin, which downregulates adhesive molecule expression, decreases inflammation and capillary permeability, and upregulates eNO expression. Due to these pleiotropic effects of diosmin on the vasculature, a possible unidentified mechanism of action is through GCX restoration. We hypothesize that diosmin positively affects GCX integrity along with GCX-related endothelial functions. Our hypothesis was tested in a partial ligation left carotid artery (LCA) mouse model, where the right carotid artery was the control for each mouse. Diosmin (50 mg/kg) was administered daily for 7 days, 72 h after ligation. Within the ligated mice LCAs, diosmin treatment elevated the activated eNO synthase level, inhibited inflammatory cell uptake, decreased vessel wall thickness, increased vessel diameter, and increased GCX coverage of the vessel wall. ELISA showed a decrease in hyaluronan concentration in plasma samples of diosmin-treated mice, signifying reduced GCX shedding. In summary, diosmin supported endothelial GCX integrity, to which we attribute diosmin's preservation of endothelial function as indicated by attenuated expression of inflammatory factors and restored vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alina Nersesyan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaleigh Pentland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Mark Melin
- M Health Fairview Wound Healing Institute, Edina, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert M Levy
- Director of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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50
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Sauer A, Seeliger B, Jandl K, Erfinanda L, Wilhelm J, Alexopoulos I, Baal N, Birnhuber A, David S, Welte T, Barreto G, Gaertner U, Kwapiszewska G, Seeger W, Kuebler WM, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. Circulating hyaluronic acid signature in CAP and ARDS - the role of pneumolysin in hyaluronic acid shedding. Matrix Biol 2022; 114:67-83. [PMID: 36456058 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shedding of hyaluronan (HA), the component of endothelial cell (EC) glycocalyx, has been associated with acute lung injury. HA degradation allows plasma proteins and fluid to penetrate across the vascular wall leading to lung edema formation and leukocyte recruitment. Here, we analyzed sHA levels and size in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), correlated them to disease severity, and evaluated the impact of pneumolysin (PLY), the Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.p.) exotoxin, on HA shedding from human pulmonary microvascular EC (HPMVEC). sHA levels were elevated in CAP and ARDS and correlated with the CRB65 severity score and with markers of inflammation (interleukin-6), EC activation (E-selectin), and basement membrane destruction (collagen IV). Furthermore, sHA levels were associated with an increase in 28-day mortality. Small and large sHA fragments were detected in plasma of most severe CAP or ARDS patients, and the presence of large sHA fragments was accompanied by the elevated levels of circulating collagen IV. In vitro, PLY induced sHA release from HPMVEC. This effect was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and was not associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction. Conversely, HA shedding was impaired following HPMVEC infection with a S.p. PLY-deficient mutant. Our study identifies association between the severity of CAP and ARDS and the levels and size of sHA in plasma. It links sHA levels with, inflammation, EC activation status and basement membrane disassembly in ARDS and provides insights into the mechanism of HA shedding during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Sauer
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lasti Erfinanda
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Multiscale Imaging Platform, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nelli Baal
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire IMoPA, UMR 7365; Nancy, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gaertner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.
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