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Hao Y, Xiao J, Fu P, Yan L, Zhao X, Wu X, Zhou M, Zhang X, Xu B, Li X, Liu Z, Yang C, Wang X, Long L, Jiang X, Liao J, Zhang B, Li J. Increases in BMI contribute to worsening inflammatory biomarkers related to breast cancer risk in women: a longitudinal study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:117-127. [PMID: 37541965 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory adipokines and cytokines play a pivotal role in linking obesity and breast cancer (BC) risk in women. We investigated the longitudinal associations between BMI change and trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers related to BC risk. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted among 442 Chinese women with 3-year repeated measures from 2019 to 2021. Plasma circulating inflammatory biomarkers related to BC risk, including adiponectin (ADP), resistin (RETN), soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were examined annually. Linear mixed-effect models (LMM) were applied to investigate associations of time-varying BMI with trajectories of biomarkers. We additionally examined the modification effect of baseline BMI groups, menopausal status, and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS BMI was associated with increased levels of RETN, CRP, sOB-R, and decreased levels of ADP at baseline. An increasing BMI rate was significantly associated with an average 3-year increase in RETN (β = 0.019, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.034) and sOB-R (β = 0.022, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.035), as well as a decrease in ADP (β = - 0.006, 95% CI - 0.012 to 0.001). These associations persisted across different baseline BMI groups. An increasing BMI rate was significantly associated with an average 3-year increase in CRP levels among normal weight (β = 0.045, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.088) and overweight (β = 0.060, 95% CI 0.014 to 0.107) women. As BMI increased over time, a more remarkable decrease in ADP was observed among women with metabolic syndrome (β = - 0.016, 95% CI - 0.029 to - 0.004) than those without metabolic syndrome at baseline. CONCLUSIONS A higher increase rate of BMI was associated with poorer trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers related to BC risk. Recommendations for BMI reduction may benefit BC prevention in women, particularly for those with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanping Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research & Management, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Yang S, Zhu T, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM, Man MQ. Link between obesity and atopic dermatitis: Does obesity predispose to atopic dermatitis, or vice versa? Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:975-985. [PMID: 37029451 PMCID: PMC10524376 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Two serious health conditions, obesity and atopic dermatitis (AD), share some pathological features such as insulin resistance, leptin resistance and inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests a link between obesity and AD. Obesity predisposes an individual to and/or worsens AD, whereas AD increases the risk of obesity. Obesity and AD's interactions are mediated by cytokines, chemokines and immune cells. Obese individuals with AD are more resistant to anti-inflammatory therapy, while weight loss can alleviate AD. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking AD and obesity. We also discuss the pathogenic role of obesity in AD, and vice versa. Because of the connection between these two conditions, mitigation of one could possibly prevent the development of or alleviate the other condition. Effective management of AD and weight loss can enhance the wellness of individuals with both of these conditions. However, proper clinical studies are warranted to validate this speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The People’s Hospital of Baoshan, Yunnan, China
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodora M. Mauro
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510091, China
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Holmes J, Gaber M, Jenks MZ, Wilson A, Loy T, Lepetit C, Vitolins MZ, Herbert BS, Cook KL, Vidi PA. Reversion of breast epithelial polarity alterations caused by obesity. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 37160903 PMCID: PMC10170133 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular links between breast cancer risk factors and pro-oncogenic tissue alterations are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the impact of overweight and obesity on tissue markers of risk, using normal breast biopsies, a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, and cultured breast acini. Proliferation and alteration of epithelial polarity, both necessary for tumor initiation, were quantified by immunostaining. High BMI (>30) and elevated leptin were associated with compromised epithelial polarity whereas overweight was associated with a modest increase in proliferation in human and mice mammary glands. Human serum with unfavorable adipokine levels altered epithelial polarization of cultured acini, recapitulating the effect of leptin. Weight loss in mice led to metabolic improvements and restored epithelial polarity. In acini cultures, alteration of epithelial polarity was prevented by antioxidants and could be reverted by normalizing culture conditions. This study shows that obesity and/or dietary factors modulate tissue markers of risk. It provides a framework to set target values for metabolic improvements and to assess the efficacy of interventional studies aimed at reducing breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holmes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mónica Z Jenks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Adam Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Tucker Loy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers, 49055, France.
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Oldfield L, Evans A, Rao RG, Jenkinson C, Purewal T, Psarelli EE, Menon U, Timms JF, Pereira SP, Ghaneh P, Greenhalf W, Halloran C, Costello E. Blood levels of adiponectin and IL-1Ra distinguish type 3c from type 2 diabetes: Implications for earlier pancreatic cancer detection in new-onset diabetes. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103802. [PMID: 34990893 PMCID: PMC8741427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in populations at high risk is recommended. Individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (NOD) are the largest high-risk group for PDAC. To facilitate screening, we sought biomarkers capable of stratifying NOD subjects into those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those with the less prevalent PDAC-related diabetes (PDAC-DM), a form of type 3c DM commonly misdiagnosed as T2DM. METHODS Using mass spectrometry- and immunoassay-based methodologies in a multi-stage analysis of independent sample sets (n=443 samples), blood levels of 264 proteins were considered using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, literature review and targeted training and validation. FINDINGS Of 30 candidate biomarkers evaluated in up to four independent patient sets, 12 showed statistically significant differences in levels between PDAC-DM and T2DM. The combination of adiponectin and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) showed strong diagnostic potential, (AUC of 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.99) for the distinction of T3cDM from T2DM. INTERPRETATION Adiponectin and IL-1Ra warrant further consideration for use in screening for PDAC in individuals newly-diagnosed with T2DM. FUNDING North West Cancer Research, UK, Cancer Research UK, Pancreatic Cancer Action, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Oldfield
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Evans
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rohith Gopala Rao
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Jenkinson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Tejpal Purewal
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
| | - Eftychia E Psarelli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, UK
| | - John F Timms
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK.
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5
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The effects of high-intensity interval training and orlistat on selected adipokines and cytokines in obese women. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sinicrope FA, Shi Q, Smyrk TC, Goldberg RM, Cohen SJ, Gill S, Kahlenberg MS, Nair S, Shield AF, Jahagirdar BN, Jacobson SB, Foster NR, Pollak MN, Alberts SR. Association of Adiponectin and Vitamin D With Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab070. [PMID: 34485815 PMCID: PMC8410141 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte-derived adiponectin may play a role in the host inflammatory response to cancer. We examined the association of plasma adiponectin with the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colon cancers and with vitamin D, clinicopathological features, and patient survival. Methods Plasma adiponectin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were analyzed by radioimmunoassay in 600 patients with stage III colon cancer who received FOLFOX-based adjuvant chemotherapy (NCCTG N0147 [Alliance]). TIL densities were determined in histopathological sections. Associations with disease-free survival (DFS), time to recurrence, and overall survival were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression adjusting for potential confounders (ie, body mass index, race, TILs, and N stage). All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results We found a statistically significant reduction in adiponectin, but not 25(OH)D, levels in tumors with high vs low TIL densities (median = 6845 vs 8984 ng/mL; P = .04). A statistically significant reduction in adiponectin was also observed in obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) vs nonobese patients (median = 6608 vs 12 351 ng/mL; P < .001), in men vs women (median = 8185 vs 11 567 ng/mL; P < .001), in Blacks vs Whites or Asians (median = 6412 vs 8847 vs 7858 ng/mL; P < .03), and in those with fewer lymph node metastases (N1 vs N2: median = 7768 vs 9253 ng/mL; P = .01). Insufficiency of 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) was detected in 291 (48.5%) patients. In multivariable analyses, neither adiponectin nor 25(OH)D were associated with a statistically significant difference in DFS, overall survival , or time to recurrence in models adjusted for potential confounders. We found a statistically significant association of TILs with prognosis, yet no such interaction was observed for the association of adiponectin with TILs for DFS. Conclusions Lower circulating adiponectin levels were associated with a statistically significant increase in TIL densities in colon cancers, indicating an enhanced antitumor immune response. In contrast to TILs, neither adiponectin nor 25(OH)D was independently prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Sinicrope
- Division of Oncology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence to: Frank A. Sinicrope, MD, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Qian Shi
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Division of Oncology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Sharlene Gill
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Anthony F Shield
- Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sawyer B Jacobson
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan R Foster
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Steven R Alberts
- Division of Oncology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
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Nam GE, Zhang ZF, Rao J, Zhou H, Jung SY. Interactions Between Adiponectin-Pathway Polymorphisms and Obesity on Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Among African American Women: The WHI SHARe Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698198. [PMID: 34367982 PMCID: PMC8335565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A decreased level of serum adiponectin is associated with obesity and an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Yet, the interplay between genetic variants associated with adiponectin phenotype, obesity, and breast cancer risk is unclear in African American (AA) women. Methods We examined 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in genome-wide association and replication studies of serum adiponectin levels using data from 7,991 AA postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource. Results Stratifying by obesity status, we identified 18 adiponectin-related SNPs that were associated with breast cancer risk. Among women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the minor TT genotype of FER rs10447248 had an elevated breast cancer risk. Interaction was observed between obesity and the CT genotype of ADIPOQ rs6773957 on the additive scale for breast cancer risk (relative excess risk due to interaction, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.32–0.92). The joint effect of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and the TC genotype of OR8S1 rs11168618 was larger than the sum of the independent effects on breast cancer risk. Conclusions We demonstrated that obesity plays a significant role as an effect modifier in an increased effect of the SNPs on breast cancer risk using one of the most extensive data on postmenopausal AA women. Impact The results suggest the potential use of adiponectin genetic variants as obesity-associated biomarkers for informing AA women who are at greater risk for breast cancer and also for promoting behavioral interventions, such as weight control, to those with risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina E Nam
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Muratsu J, Kamide K, Fujimoto T, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Taniyama Y, Morishima A, Sakaguchi K, Matsuzawa Y, Rakugi H. The Combination of High Levels of Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Are Affected by Aging in Non-Obese Old Peoples. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:805244. [PMID: 35069451 PMCID: PMC8777034 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.805244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokine dysregulation is a key feature of insulin resistance and a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Low adiponectin levels are associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, high adiponectin levels have also been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. This adiponectin paradox has yet to be clarified, which has hindered our understanding of the biological role of adiponectin. Adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance are also associated with energy-deprivation conditions, such as frailty in old age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) classified by age. In particular, we sought to determine the factors of the subjects associated with both high adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/H-HOMA) and high adiponectin levels and low HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/L-HOMA). METHODS The eligible subjects in this cross-sectional study were 33,216 individuals who had undergone health checkups at the Physical Checkup Center of Sumitomo Hospital between April 2008 and December 2018. After excluding 26,371 individuals who were under 60 years old, 529 who had been taking medications for diabetes mellitus, and 690 with missing data, the present study included 5,673 (3,467 males, 2,206 females) subjects with no missing data. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted by clinically relevant factors. RESULTS In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and low BMI were shown to positively correlate with the characteristics of H-adiponectin/H-HOMA. In females, systolic blood pressure was also shown to be an associated factor. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that aging or a low BMI may contribute to high adiponectin levels and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Muratsu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano City, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Muratsu,
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Morishima
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Maternal biomarker patterns for metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy are influenced by multiple micronutrient supplementation and associated with child biomarker patterns and nutritional status at 9-12 years of age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0216848. [PMID: 32764747 PMCID: PMC7413500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutritional status influences fetal development and long-term risk for adult non-communicable diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We examined whether biomarkers for metabolism and inflammation during pregnancy were associated with maternal health and with child biomarkers and health at 9-12 years of age in 44 maternal-child dyads from the Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT, ISRCTN34151616) in Lombok, Indonesia. Archived blood for each dyad from maternal enrollment, later in pregnancy, postpartum, and from children at 9-12 years comprised 132 specimens. Multiplex microbead immunoassays were used to quantify vitamin D-binding protein (D), adiponectin (A), retinol-binding protein 4 (R), C-reactive protein (C), and leptin (L). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct variance patterns, i.e. principal components (PC), for baseline pregnancy, bp.pc1.D↓A↓R↓ and bp.pc2.C↓L↑; combined follow-up during pregnancy and postpartum, dp-pp.pc1.D↑↓A↑R↑↓L↓ and dp-pp.pc2.A↑C↑L↑; and children, ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ and ch.pc2.D↓A↑L↑. Maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation led to an association of baseline maternal bp.pc2.C↓L↑ with decreased post-supplementation maternal dp-pp.pc2.A↑C↑L↑ (p = 0.022), which was in turn associated with both increased child ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ (p = 0.036) and decreased child BMI z-score (BMIZ) (p = 0.022). Further analyses revealed an association between maternal dp-pp.pc1.D↑↓A↑R↑↓L↓ and increased child BMIZ (p = 0.036). Child ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ was associated with decreased birth weight (p = 0.036) and increased child BMIZ (p = 0.002). Child ch.pc2.D↓A↑L↑ was associated with increased child BMIZ (p = 0.005), decreased maternal height (p = 0.030) and girls (p = 0.002). A pattern of elevated maternal adiponectin and leptin in pregnancy was associated with increased C-reactive protein, vitamin A, and D binding proteins pattern in children, suggesting biomarkers acting in concert may have qualitative as well as quantitative influence beyond single biomarker effects. Patterns in pregnancy proximal to birth were more associated with child status. In addition, child patterns were more associated with child status, particularly child BMI. MMN supplementation affects maternal biomarker patterns of metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy, and potentially in the child. However, child nutrition conditions after birth may have a greater impact on metabolism and inflammation.
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Tay YH, Lee J. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic indices and metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:1-6. [PMID: 31059867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissues that is thought to influence lipid and glucose metabolism, and the development of metabolic derangements, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), in schizophrenia. We aim to determine the serum adiponectin levels in Chinese patients with schizophrenia, and explore the relationship between adiponectin levels and metabolic parameters, including MetS and its components. We hypothesized that serum adiponectin levels are similar in schizophrenia patients and controls, but decreased amongst patients on atypical antipsychotics. METHODS 81 patients and 81 controls were recruited. Anthropometric parameters and fasted blood samples for metabolic measurements were obtained. Serum adiponectin levels were measured using Bioplex assays. RESULTS There was no difference in median adiponectin levels between schizophrenia patients and controls. Those taking typical antipsychotics alone had lower median adiponectin levels than those on mixed typical and atypical antipsychotics. Serum adiponectin level, controlled for age, gender and body mass index, was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in schizophrenia patients. Patients with MetS had lower median adiponectin levels than those without MetS, and serum adiponectin levels decreased as the number of MetS components increased. After adjusting for variables thought to influence MetS, our logistic regression model did not reveal any significant association between adiponectin levels and MetS in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need for more studies focusing on serum adiponectin level and its relationship with MetS in schizophrenia, particularly in those taking typical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hang Tay
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; North Region & Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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11
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Sanz B, Arrieta H, Hervás G, Rezola-Pardo C, Ruiz-Litago F, Iturburu M, Gil SM, Rodríguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Serum adiponectin is associated with body composition and cognitive and psychological status in older adults living in long-term nursing homes. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:1-9. [PMID: 30885718 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by decreasing functional reserves and increasing vulnerability to falls, injuries and declining health, leading to dependence upon caregivers. Frailty is associated not only with physical decline, but also with cognitive and psychological impairments in aging people. Higher serum adiponectin concentration has been linked to better performance on frailty measures but also to worse cognitive status. Nonetheless, several studies have proposed adiponectin as a frailty biomarker. To further delineate the relationship between adiponectin serum levels and frailty-related parameters, we studied a population of 112 long-term nursing home residents (aged 84.9 ± 6.7) and analyzed their serum adiponectin levels in conjunction with frailty-related parameters including body composition, physical fitness, cognitive function, psychological parameters and quality of life. Frailty was assessed following the Fried Frailty Criteria, the Clinical Frailty Scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. In women, higher serum adiponectin levels were associated with lower body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, fat mass/height2, lean mass, lean mass/height2 and smaller waist circumference and hip circumference (p < 0.05). In men, the association was positive (p < 0.05) between serum adiponectin and percentage of fat mass and negative between serum adiponectin and percentage of lean mass. Interestingly, in men, better cognitive function was inversely related to adiponectin (p < 0.05) while decreased anxiety was linked to a higher concentration of adiponectin in women (p < 0.05). According to the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, frail men had lower levels of adiponectin than those who were not frail (p < 0.05). Variables that predicted adiponectin concentration in multiple regression models were different for women and men. In women, lean mass and anxiety were independent negative predictors of blood adiponectin (β = -0.363, p = 0.002; β = -0.204, p = 0.067, respectively). In men, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test was the only parameter to remain significant in the regression model (β = -439, p = 0.015). The results of our study show that adiponectin is linked to body composition, cognitive function and anxiety in long-term nursing home residents with differential relationships by sex. Further studies should be conducted to determine whether adiponectin is a valid and reliable frailty biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - H Arrieta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - G Hervás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - C Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - F Ruiz-Litago
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - M Iturburu
- Matia Instituto, Camino de los Pinos 35, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - S M Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - A Rodríguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - J Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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12
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Jasinski-Bergner S, Kielstein H. Adipokines Regulate the Expression of Tumor-Relevant MicroRNAs. Obes Facts 2019; 12:211-225. [PMID: 30999294 PMCID: PMC6547259 DOI: 10.1159/000496625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing prevalence of obesity requires the investigation of respective comorbidities, including tumor diseases like colorectal, renal, post-menopausal breast, prostate cancer, and leukemia. To date, molecular mechanisms of the malignant transformation of these peripheral tissues induced by obesity remain unclear. Adipose tissue secretes factors with hormone-like functions, the adipokines, and is therefore categorized as an endocrine organ. Current research demonstrates the ability of adipose tissue to alter DNA methylation and gene expression in peripheral tissues, probably affecting microRNA (miR) expression. METHODS Literature was analyzed for adipokine-regulated miRs. Many of these adipokine upregulated or downregulated miRs exert either oncogenic or anti-tumoral potential. RESULTS The three selected and analyzed adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin, induce more strongly oncogenic miRs and simultaneously reduce anti-tumoral miRs than vice versa. This effect is not only true for the pure number of regulated miRs, it is also the case by consideration of the abundance of the respective miR expression based on actual data sets derived from next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSION The link of obesity and cancer is analyzed under the aspect of adipokine-regulated miRs. At the same time the impact of miR abundance is considered as a regulatory variable. This context offers new strategies for tumor therapy and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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13
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Oliveira RFD, Daniele TMDC, Façanha CFS, Forti ACE, Bruin PFCD, Bruin VMSD. Adiponectin levels and sleep deprivation in patients with endocrine metabolic disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:1122-1128. [PMID: 30569989 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep abnormalities are frequent in patients with endocrine metabolic disorders (EMD) such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Adiponectin is a peptide largely secreted by adipocytes and has various properties e.g. anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, pro-angiogenic, vasoprotective and insulin-sensitizing. Adiponectin inversely relates to body weight and when its concentration decreases, the resistin concentration increases resulting in greater insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine factors influencing adiponectin levels in a population with EMD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional evaluation of 332 patients (18 to 80y) presenting arterial hypertension, pre-diabetes, diabetes, and/or obesity. Investigation included clinical evaluation of comorbidities, general blood tests and adiponectin measures (ELISA). Chronic sleep deprivation was determined if habitual sleep was <6 hours >4 days/week. RESULTS Arterial hypertension (78.5%), type-2 diabetes (82.3%), and overweight (45.0%)/obesity (38.8%) were frequent. Patients with type-2 diabetes tended to have more chronic sleep deprivation (p=0.05). Adiponectin levels increased with age and were inversely correlated with sagittal abdominal diameter (p=0.04) and fasting insulin (p=0.001). Chronic sleep deprivation was associated with higher adiponectin concentration [OR=1.34; CI=1.13-1.58; p<0.005] and this was maintained after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, menopause, arterial hypertension, American Diabetes Association classification and physical exercise levels [OR=1.38; 0=1.14-1.66: p=0.001]. CONCLUSION In patients with EMD, adiponectin is influenced not only by obesity but also by age and sleep deprivation. The latter finding may be explained by a compensatory effect or a counter regulation to minimize the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane Feitosa de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Thiago Medeiros da Costa Daniele
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Sleep Lab and Biological Rhythms, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Cristina Figueiredo Sampaio Façanha
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Sleep Lab and Biological Rhythms, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Adriana Costa E Forti
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo de Bruin
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Sleep Lab and Biological Rhythms, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Veralice Meireles Sales de Bruin
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Sleep Lab and Biological Rhythms, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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14
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Khabour OF, Alomari MA, Abu Obaid AA. The Relationship of adiponectin level and ADIPOQ gene variants with BMI among young adult women. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018; 10:e1477902. [PMID: 30574262 PMCID: PMC6298696 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2018.1477902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effect of single nucleotide (SNPs) polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene (I146T and G276T) on body mass index (BMI) of young adult women. The women were divided into underweight, normal, overweight and obese according to BMI. The circulating levels of adiponectin were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. G276T and I164T SNPs are common in the examined population as the frequency of G allele of 276 SNP was 54.8% and for the T allele of 164 SNP it was 41.7%. Circulating adiponectin levels were related to BMI and were lowest in the obese versus overweight, normal weight and underweight groups (p<0.01). However, ADIPOQ gene SNPs (I146T and G276T) showed no association with BMI groups. In conclusion, the results may suggest that adiponectin level, but not ADIPOQ gene SNPs, is a good indicator to BMI in young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110
| | - Mahmoud A Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110
| | - Asmaa A Abu Obaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110
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15
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Wang LH, Liu YC, Hou JS, Wu DA, Hsu BG. Hypoadiponectemia is associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10515-10521. [PMID: 31966390 PMCID: PMC6965775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-expressed adiponectin levels are inversely related to the degree of adiposity, and a reduction in adiponectin serum levels is accompanied by insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Fasting blood samples were obtained from 150 volunteers with type 2 DM. MetS and its components were defined according to diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the 150 patients with type 2 DM, 102 (68.0%) had MetS. Female gender (P = 0.007), hypertension (P = 0.005), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P = 0.035), triglyceride (TG) level (P < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c, P = 0.020), insulin level (P < 0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, P < 0.001) were higher in DM patients who had MetS, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (P < 0.001) and adiponectin levels (P < 0.001) were lower. Univariate linear analysis revealed that logarithmically transformed age (log-age, r = 0.279; P = 0.001) and HDL-C (r = 0.246; P = 0.002) positively correlated, whereas height (r = -0.183; P = 0.025), body weight (r = -0.282; P < 0.001), BMI (r = -0.237; P = 0.004), waist circumference (r = -0.249; P = 0.002), DBP (r = 0.252; P = 0.002), log-TG (r = 0.255; P = 0.002), log-insulin (r = -0.298; P < 0.001), and log-HOMA-IR (r = 0.288; P < 0.001) negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 DM. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that log-age (adjusted R2 change = 0.069; P < 0.001) positively correlated, whereas log-insulin (adjusted R2 change = 0.182; P = 0.002) and HDL-C (adjusted R2 change = 0.037; P = 0.006) negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 DM. This study showed that lower serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with MetS in patients with type 2 DM and significantly positively related to age but negatively related to serum insulin and HDL-C levels in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sian Hou
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalHualien, Taiwan
| | - Du-An Wu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalHualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi UniversityHualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General HospitalHualien, Taiwan
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Diaz-Rizo V, Bonilla-Lara D, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Sanchez-Mosco D, Fajardo-Robledo NS, Perez-Guerrero EE, Rodriguez-Jimenez NA, Saldaña-Cruz AM, Vazquez-Villegas ML, Gomez-Bañuelos E, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Cardona-Muller D, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Salazar-Paramo M, Gamez-Nava JI. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin as biomarkers of proteinuria in lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184056. [PMID: 28898254 PMCID: PMC5595281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are controversial results about the role of serum leptin and adiponectin levels as biomarkers of the severity of proteinuria in lupus nephritis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin levels with severity of proteinuria secondary to lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 103 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evaluated for kidney involvement. We compared 30 SLE patients with LN, all of them with proteinuria, versus 73 SLE patients without renal involvement (no LN). A comprehensive set of clinical and laboratory variables was assessed, including serum levels of leptin and adiponectin by ELISA. Multivariate analyses were used to adjust for potential confounders associated with proteinuria in LN. RESULTS We found higher adiponectin levels in the LN group compared with the no LN group (20.4 ± 10.3 vs 15.6 ± 7.8 μg/mL; p = 0.02), whereas no differences were observed in leptin levels (33.3 ± 31.4 vs 22.5 ± 25.5 ng/mL; p = 0.07). Severity of proteinuria correlated with an increase in adiponectin levels (r = 0.31; p = 0.001), but no correlation was observed with leptin. Adiponectin levels were not related to anti-dsDNA or anti-nucleosome antibodies. In the logistic regression, adiponectin levels were associated with a high risk of proteinuria in SLE (OR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.12; p = 0.02). Instead, leptin was not associated with LN. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that adiponectin levels are useful markers associated with proteinuria in LN. Further longitudinal studies are required to identify if these levels are predictive of renal relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Diaz-Rizo
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - David Bonilla-Lara
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatologia, Hospital General Regional 110 (HGR 110), IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatologia, Hospital General Regional 110 (HGR 110), IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Dalia Sanchez-Mosco
- Programa de Posgrado de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatologia, Hospital General Regional 110 (HGR 110), IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nicte S. Fajardo-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Edsaul E. Perez-Guerrero
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - A. Miriam Saldaña-Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario Tonala, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M. Luisa Vazquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Unidad Medica Familiar 4 y 8, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Salud Publica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Gomez-Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigacion en Reumatologia y Sistema Musculoesqueletico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Monica Vazquez-Del Mercado
- Servicio de Reumatologia, Division de Medicina Interna OPD, Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E. German Cardona-Muñoz
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clinica, Departamento de Fisiologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - David Cardona-Muller
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clinica, Departamento de Fisiologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Xochitl Trujillo
- Programa de Posgrado de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Programa de Posgrado de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mario Salazar-Paramo
- Division de Investigacion en Salud, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge I. Gamez-Nava
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Caruana BT, Hoehn KL. The race to find endometrial cancer biomarkers. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:869-870. [PMID: 28291681 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth T Caruana
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington Sydney, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington Sydney, Australia.
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Linkov F, Goughnour SL, Edwards RP, Lokshin A, Ramanathan RC, Hamad GG, McCloskey C, Bovbjerg DH. Endometrial cancer associated biomarkers in bariatric surgery candidates: exploration of racial differences. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:862-868. [PMID: 28256392 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is the main risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. A number of potential risk biomarkers have been associated with EC development, including altered proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. OBJECTIVES The overarching aim of this research is to investigate racial differences in the expression of EC-associated biomarkers among bariatric surgery candidates. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 175 women aged 18 to 72 (mean age: 42.93; standard deviation 11.66), before bariatric surgery. Levels of biomarkers associated with obesity and EC risk were measured using xMAP immunoassays. Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were utilized to compare biomarker and demographic variables between African American and European American women. Linear regression models, adjusted for menopause status and diabetes, were utilized to identify factors associated with biomarker levels. RESULTS When the biomarker levels were compared by race, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 and adiponectin were significantly lower in African American women (P<.05), whereas estradiol was significantly higher in African American women (P<.05). Linear regression models found that race significantly predicted insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, adiponectin, resistin, and interleukin-1 receptor alpha expression levels, menopause status and diabetes status were significantly associated with adiponectin and leptin levels, whereas body mass index was significantly associated with leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels. CONCLUSION As one of the first efforts to explore racial differences in EC-associated biomarkers in a cohort of women with severe obesity, this study found several significant differences that should be further explored in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina Linkov
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Sharon L Goughnour
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Lokshin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, and the Luminex Core Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramesh C Ramanathan
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Giselle G Hamad
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol McCloskey
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana H Bovbjerg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Behavioral & Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Campbell C, Kinane DF, McDevitt J, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Miller CS. Salivary and serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels in acute myocardial infarction related to body mass index and oral health. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:419-427. [PMID: 27549083 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is produced by adipose cells and is considered an anti-inflammatory molecule. In contrast, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation and used as a risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of interest was the relationship of these two biomarkers to oral health and CVD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS This investigation examined these two molecules in serum and unstimulated whole saliva of patients within 48 h of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to control subjects. We hypothesized a differential response in these biomolecules resulting from the heart attack that would be affected by both the body mass index and oral health characteristics of the individuals. RESULTS Significantly lower adiponectin levels were observed in the serum of patients with AMI. Serum adiponectin in both groups and salivary adiponectin in patients with AMI decreased with increasing body mass index. Oral health was significantly worse in patients with AMI, and both serum and salivary adiponectin were elevated with better oral health in control subjects. Serum CRP levels were increased in patients with AMI regardless of their oral health, and both serum and salivary CRP were significantly elevated in S-T wave elevated patients with MI. CONCLUSIONS These initial data provide evidence relating obesity and oral health to salivary and serum analyte levels that occur in association with cardiac events. Relationships have been described between CVD risk and periodontal disease. Additionally, various systemic inflammatory biomarkers appear to reflect both the CVD risk and the extent/severity of periodontitis. Our findings indicated that oral health and obesity contribute to altering levels of these salivary and serum analytes in association with cardiac events. The potential that serum and/or salivary biomarkers could aid in evaluating CVD risk requires knowledge regarding how the oral health of the individual would impact the effectiveness of these biological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R J Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D F Kinane
- College of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Christodoulides
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P N Floriano
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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20
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Hofmann JN, Birmann BM, Teras LR, Pfeiffer RM, Wang Y, Albanes D, Baris D, Colditz GA, De Roos AJ, Giles GG, Hosgood HD, Lan Q, Landgren O, Liao LM, Rothman N, Weinstein SJ, Pollak MN, Neuhouser ML, Purdue MP. Low Levels of Circulating Adiponectin Are Associated with Multiple Myeloma Risk in Overweight and Obese Individuals. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1935-41. [PMID: 26921332 PMCID: PMC4878138 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between obesity and multiple myeloma risk may be partly attributed to reduced circulating levels of adiponectin in obese individuals. To prospectively evaluate multiple myeloma risk in relation to adiponectin levels overall and stratified by body mass index and other characteristics, we conducted a pooled investigation of pre-diagnosed peripheral blood samples from 624 multiple myeloma cases and 1,246 individually matched controls from seven cohorts participating in the Multiple Myeloma Cohort Consortium. Analysis of circulating analyte levels measured by ELISA revealed that higher total adiponectin levels were associated with reduced multiple myeloma risk overall [highest quartile vs. lowest: OR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.85; Ptrend = 0.001]. This association was apparent among cases diagnosed six or more years after blood collection (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.90; Ptrend = 0.004) and was similar in magnitude for men and women (OR, 0.59 and 0.66, respectively). Interestingly, we observed strong associations among subjects who were overweight (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26-0.65) or obese (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17-0.98) but not among those with normal weight (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.73-2.00; overweight/obese vs. normal weight, Pinteraction = 0.04). Our findings provide the strongest epidemiologic evidence to date that adiponectin protects against multiple myeloma development, particularly among overweight and obese individuals, and offer a method for risk assessment in this susceptible population of heavier patients. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1935-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ye Wang
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, and Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Akwo EA, Cavanaugh KL, Ikizler TA, Blot WJ, Lipworth L. Increased body mass index may be associated with greater risk of end-stage renal disease in whites compared to blacks: A nested case-control study. BMC Nutr 2015; 1. [PMID: 27239330 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-015-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may differ between blacks and whites due to underlying metabolic differences. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of 631 incident ESRD cases and 1,897 matched controls within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Current weight, height, and weight at age 21 were reported at enrollment. Occurrence of ESRD was ascertained by linkage with the United States Renal Data System. With normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) as reference, conditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ESRD across other BMI categories by race. In subsequent analysis, BMI at age 21 was modeled using restricted cubic splines with 5 knots. Predicted probabilities of incident ESRD were computed from the multivariable logistic models and plotted against BMI at age 21. RESULTS Among blacks, odds of ESRD were significantly increased among those who were overweight (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.83) or obese (OR: 2.56; 95%CI: 1.88, 3.47) at age 21. Among whites, the association between ESRD and BMI at age 21 was more pronounced, with corresponding ORs of 2.13 (95%CI: 0.92, 4.93) and 7.46 (95%CI: 2.90, 19.21; p-interaction 0.05). Only among whites was high BMI at enrollment associated with ESRD risk; OR for BMI≥40 kg/m2, was 3.31 (95%CI: 1.08, 10.12). The plot of the predicted probabilities of incident ESRD vs BMI at age 21 showed a monotonic increase in the probability of ESRD after a BMI cutoff ≈ 25Kg/m2 in both whites and blacks but the slope of the curve for whites appeared greater. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest racial differences in the relationship between BMI, both in early adulthood and middle age, and ESRD. These findings warrant further research into understanding the underlying metabolic differences that may explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis A Akwo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kerri L Cavanaugh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Talat Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Bartoli F, Crocamo C, Clerici M, Carrà G. Second-generation antipsychotics and adiponectin levels in schizophrenia: A comparative meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1767-74. [PMID: 26164075 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have lower plasma adiponectin levels, as compared with general population, that may lead to metabolic abnormalities. However, the contribution of different SGAs on adiponectin dysregulation is still unclear. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate differences in adiponectin levels among people with schizophrenia treated with different SGAs. We systematically searched for observational studies published up to March 2015 in main electronic databases. Different SGAs were included if data on adiponectin were available from at least three different samples involving as a minimum five participants per treatment arm. Standardized mean differences with relevant 95% confidence intervals were generated. I(2) was used to test heterogeneity among studies. Eight studies were included with data suitable for carrying out four different comparisons: Clozapine vs. Olanzapine (including n=877 individuals with schizophrenia); Clozapine vs. Risperidone (n=660); Olanzapine vs. Risperidone (n=738); Quetiapine vs. Risperidone (n=186). There were no differences on adiponectin levels between people taking Clozapine and those taking Olanzapine (p=0.86), but high heterogeneity was detected (I(2)=82%). Both individuals taking Clozapine (p<0.001; I(2)=0%) and those taking Olanzapine (p=0.02; I(2)=9%), but not subjects treated with Quetiapine (p=0.47; I(2)=0%), had adiponectin levels significantly lower than people taking Risperidone. Our findings are consistent with previous evidence showing greater metabolic abnormalities attributable to Clozapine and Olanzapine, as compared with other SGAs. Although mechanisms whereby both these SGAs influence adiponectin remain unexplained, its reduction might mediate relevant abnormalities. Prospective evaluations of long-term effects of different SGAs on adiponectin are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy.
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK
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23
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Raj R, Bhatti JS, Badada SK, Ramteke PW. Genetic basis of dyslipidemia in disease precipitation of coronary artery disease (CAD) associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:663-71. [PMID: 25470794 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are linked to environmental, clinical, and genetic factors. This review analyses the disorders of lipids and their genetics with respect to coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with T2DM. Cell organelles, hepatitis C-virus infection, reactive oxygen species produced in mitochondria, and defective insulin signaling due to the arrest of G1 phase to S phase transition of β-cells have significant roles in the precipitation of the diseases. Adiponectin is anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic and improves insulin resistance. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is atherosclerotic, and LDL-cholesterol in T2DM is associated with high-cardiovascular risk. Further, LDL cholesterol reduction significantly reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also anti-atherosclerotic due to HDL associated paraoxonase-1 serum enzyme, which prevents LDL oxidative modifications and the development of CAD. Moreover, elevated apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoB/ApoA-I) ratio in plasma is also a risk factor for CAD. LDL receptor, adiponectin, and endocannabinoid receptor-1 genes are independently associated with CAD and T2DM. Polymorphism of Apo E2 (epsilon2) is a positive factor to increase the T2DM risk and Apo E4 (epsilon4) is a negative factor to reduce the disease risk. Taq 1B polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) gene contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, whereas haplotypes of APOA5, APOC3, APOC4, and APOC5 genes are in the same cluster and are independently associated with high plasma triglyceride level, CAD and T2DM. In conclusion, because various genes, LDLR, CETP, APOA5, Apo E, Apo B, and Apo A-I, are associated with the precipitation of CAD associated with T2DM, a personalized diet-gene intervention therapy may be advocated to reduce the disease precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resal Raj
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Deemed to be University, Allahabad, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, SGGS College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pramod W Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Deemed to be University, Allahabad, India
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24
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Bartoli F, Lax A, Crocamo C, Clerici M, Carrà G. Plasma adiponectin levels in schizophrenia and role of second-generation antipsychotics: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 56:179-89. [PMID: 25827962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia are more likely than general population to suffer from metabolic abnormalities, with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) increasing the risk. Low plasma adiponectin levels may lead to metabolic dysregulations but evidence in people with schizophrenia, especially for the role of SGAs, is still inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To compare plasma adiponectin levels between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and to estimate the relative effect of schizophrenia and SGAs on adiponectin. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies published up to 13 June 2014 in main electronic databases. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) between index and control groups were generated. Appropriate subanalyses and additional subgroup analyses were carried out. RESULTS Data from 2735 individuals, 1013 with and 1722 without schizophrenia, respectively, were analysed. Schizophrenia was not associated with lower adiponectin levels (SMD of -0.28, 95%CI: -0.59, 0.04; p=0.09). However, individuals with schizophrenia taking SGAs had plasma levels significantly lower than controls (p=0.002), which was not the case of drug free/drug naïve subjects (p=0.52). As regards single antipsychotic drugs clozapine (p<0.001) and olanzapine (p=0.04)--but not risperidone (p=0.88)--were associated with adiponectin levels lower than controls. CONCLUSIONS People with schizophrenia per se may not have levels of adiponectin lower than controls, though treatment with SGAs is associated with this metabolic abnormality. This bears clinical significance because of hypoadiponectinemia involvement in cardiovascular diseases, even if mechanisms whereby SGAs affect adiponectin remain unexplained. Longitudinal studies evaluating long-term effects of SGAs on adiponectin are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Lax
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W7EJ, UK
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25
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Carvalho AF, Rocha DQC, McIntyre RS, Mesquita LM, Köhler CA, Hyphantis TN, Sales PMG, Machado-Vieira R, Berk M. Adipokines as emerging depression biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 59:28-37. [PMID: 25183029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, leptin and resistin may play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, differences in peripheral levels of these hormones are inconsistent across diagnostic and intervention studies. Therefore, we performed meta-analyses of diagnostic studies (i.e., MDD subjects versus healthy controls) and intervention investigations (i.e., pre-vs. post-antidepressant treatment) in MDD. Adiponectin (N = 1278; Hedge's g = -0.35; P = 0.16) and leptin (N = 893; Hedge's g = -0.018; P = 0.93) did not differ across diagnostic studies. Meta-regression analyses revealed that gender and depression severity explained the heterogeneity observed in adiponectin diagnostic studies, while BMI and the difference in BMI between MDD individuals and controls explained the heterogeneity of leptin diagnostic studies. Subgroup analyses revealed that adiponectin peripheral levels were significantly lower in MDD participants compared to controls when assayed with RIA, but not ELISA. Leptin levels were significantly higher in individuals with mild/moderate depression versus controls. Resistin serum levels were lower in MDD individuals compared to healthy controls (N = 298; Hedge's g = -0.25; P = 0.03). Leptin serum levels did not change after antidepressant treatment. However, heterogeneity was significant and sample size was low (N = 108); consequently meta-regression analysis could not be performed. Intervention meta-analyses could not be performed for adiponectin and resistin (i.e., few studies met inclusion criteria). In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis underscored that relevant moderators/confounders (e.g., BMI, depression severity and type of assay) should be controlled for when considering the role of leptin and adiponectin as putative MDD diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi Q C Rocha
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucas M Mesquita
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute (ICe), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thomas N Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Ioaninna, Ioaninna, Greece
| | - Paulo M G Sales
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, USA; Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM-27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, USP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Applied Neuroscience (NAPNA), USP, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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26
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Sitticharoon C, Nway NC, Chatree S, Churintaraphan M, Boonpuan P, Maikaew P. Interactions between adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and serum, and correlations with clinical and peripheral metabolic factors. Peptides 2014; 62:164-75. [PMID: 25453978 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin are adipokines involved in insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to determine interactions between these adipokines in subcutaneous and visceral fat and in serum, and their associations with clinical factors. Adiponectin was present at the highest levels in subcutaneous and visceral fat and serum. Subcutaneous adiponectin showed positive correlations with serum adiponectin and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Serum adiponectin correlated positively with QUICKI and serum omentin-1 but negatively with body weight, BMI, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Subcutaneous omentin correlated positively with QUICKI but negatively with waist and hip circumferences. Serum omentin-1 correlated positively with QUICKI but negatively with body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, weight gain, and HOMA-IR. Serum visfatin correlated positively with serum omentin-1 and negatively with weight gain. Serum peptide YY (PYY) levels were correlated positively with subcutaneous visfatin but negatively with visceral visfatin. Positive correlations were observed between subcutaneous expression of adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin and visceral expression of these genes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum adiponectin was associated with BMI and QUICKI. Serum omentin-1 could be predicted from BMI, QUICKI, and weight gain. Weight gain, serum adiponectin, omentin-1, and DBP could be used to predict serum visfatin. In conclusion, adiponectin and omentin from subcutaneous fat displayed correlations with decreased obesity and increased insulin sensitivity while visfatin showed an association with serum PYY and weight gain. The expressions of these adipokines were correlated within each type of fat but not between different fat depots.
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27
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Siegel AB, Goyal A, Salomao M, Wang S, Lee V, Hsu C, Rodriguez R, Hershman DL, Brown RS, Neugut AI, Emond J, Kato T, Samstein B, Faleck D, Karagozian R. Serum adiponectin is associated with worsened overall survival in a prospective cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncology 2014; 88:57-68. [PMID: 25300295 DOI: 10.1159/000367971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The rise in metabolic syndrome has contributed to this trend. Adipokines, such as adiponectin, are associated with prognosis in several cancers, but have not been well studied in HCC. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 140 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent HCC with Child-Pugh (CP) class A or B cirrhosis. We examined associations between serum adipokines, clinicopathological features of HCC, and time to death. We also examined a subset of tumors with available pathology for tissue adiponectin receptor (AR) expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The median age of subjects was 62 years; 79% were men, 59% had underlying hepatitis C, and 36% were diabetic. Adiponectin remained a significant predictor of time to death (hazard ratio 1.90; 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.45; p = 0.03) in a multivariable adjusted model that included age, alcohol history, CP class, stage, and serum α-fetoprotein level. Cytoplasmic AR expression (AR1 and AR2) in tumors trended higher in those with higher serum adiponectin levels and in those with diabetes mellitus, but the association was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In this hypothesis-generating study, we found the serum adiponectin level to be an independent predictor of overall survival in a diverse cohort of HCC patients. IMPACT Understanding how adipokines affect the HCC outcome may help develop novel treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby B Siegel
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The metabolic syndrome affects 25% of the adult US population based on the Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults from the National Cholesterol Education Program. Knowledge on the impact of obesity on metabolic health parameters has increased greatly over the past decade. This review discusses the limitations of the National Cholesterol Education Program metabolic syndrome definition and the racial disparities in the clinical presentation of the insulin resistance syndrome. We also examine the current literature with particular emphasis on albuminuria, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and intramyocellular lipid content. This review explores potential environmental and genetic reasons for differences in the manifestation of insulin resistance across racial/ethnic groups and highlights several promising areas for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Kramer
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL.
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Hargreaves MK, Liu J, Buchowski MS, Patel KA, Larson CO, Schlundt DG, Kenerson DM, Hill KE, Burk RF, Blot WJ. Plasma selenium biomarkers in low income black and white americans from the southeastern United States. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84972. [PMID: 24465457 PMCID: PMC3896351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of selenium are necessary for assessing selenium status in humans, since soil variation hinders estimation of selenium intake from foods. In this study, we measured the concentration of plasma selenium, selenoprotein P (SEPP1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX3) activity and their interindividual differences in 383 low-income blacks and whites selected from a stratified random sample of adults aged 40-79 years, who were participating in a long-term cohort study in the southeastern United States (US). We assessed the utility of these biomarkers to determine differences in selenium status and their association with demographic, socio-economic, dietary, and other indicators. Dietary selenium intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire designed for the cohort, matched with region-specific food selenium content, and compared with the US Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) set at 55 µg/day. We found that SEPP1, a sensitive biomarker of selenium nutritional status, was significantly lower among blacks than whites (mean 4.4 ± 1.1 vs. 4.7 ± 1.0 mg/L, p = 0.006), with blacks less than half as likely to have highest vs. lowest quartile SEPP1 concentration (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.2-0.8). The trend in a similar direction was observed for plasma selenium among blacks and whites, (mean 115 ± 15.1 vs. 118 ± 17.7 µg/L, p = 0.08), while GPX3 activity did not differ between blacks and whites (136 ± 33.3 vs. 132 ± 33.5 U/L, p = 0.320). Levels of the three biomarkers were not correlated with estimated dietary selenium intake, except for SEPP1 among 10% of participants with the lowest selenium intake (≤ 57 µg/day). The findings suggest that SEPP1 may be an effective biomarker of selenium status and disease risk in adults and that low selenium status may disproportionately affect black and white cohort participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K. Hargreaves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maciej S. Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kushal A. Patel
- Department of Public Health, Health Administration and Health Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Celia O. Larson
- Department of Population Health, Metro Public Health Department, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David G. Schlundt
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Kenerson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kristina E. Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Raymond F. Burk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - William J. Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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30
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Xiao Q, Hsing AW, Park Y, Moore SC, Matthews CE, de Gonzalez AB, Kitahara CM. Body mass index and mortality among blacks and whites adults in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:260-8. [PMID: 23512729 PMCID: PMC3690173 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a large prospective cohort, we examined the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with mortality among blacks and compared the results to those among whites in this population. DESIGN AND METHODS The study population consisted of 7,446 non-Hispanic black and 130,598 white participants, ages 49-78 at enrollment, in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. BMI at baseline, BMI at age 20, and BMI change were calculated using self-reported and recalled height and weight. Relative risks were stratified by race and sex and adjusted for age, education, marital status, and smoking. RESULTS During follow-up, 1,495 black and 18,236 white participants died (mean = 13 years). Clear J-shaped associations between BMI and mortality were observed among white men and women. Among black men and women, the bottoms of these curves were flatter, and increasing risks of death with greater BMI were observed only at higher BMI levels (≥35.0). Associations for BMI at age 20 and BMI change also appeared to be stronger in magnitude in whites versus blacks, and these racial differences appeared to be more pronounced among women. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BMI may be more weakly associated with mortality in blacks, particularly black women, than in whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Stanford Cancer Institute, Fremont, California, USA
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hryhorczuk C, Sharma S, Fulton SE. Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:177. [PMID: 24109426 PMCID: PMC3791387 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity markedly increases the odds of developing depression. Depressed mood not only impairs motivation, quality of life and overall functioning but also increases the risks of obesity complications. Abdominal obesity is a better predictor of depression and anxiety risk than overall adipose mass. A growing amount of research suggests that metabolic abnormalities stemming from central obesity that lead to metabolic disease may also be responsible for the increased incidence of depression in obesity. As reviewed here, a higher mass of dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with several metabolic disturbances that are either directly or indirectly implicated in the control of emotions and mood. To better comprehend the development of depression in obesity, this review pulls together select findings addressing the link between adiposity, diet and negative emotional states and discusses the evidence that alterations in glucocorticoids, adipose-derived hormones, insulin and inflammatory signaling that are characteristic of central obesity may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Hryhorczuk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Lopez R, Agullo P, Lakshmanaswamy R. Links between obesity, diabetes and ethnic disparities in breast cancer among Hispanic populations. Obes Rev 2013; 14:679-91. [PMID: 23611507 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide and is a growing concern due to rising incidence and ongoing ethnic disparities in both incidence and mortality. A number of factors likely contribute to these trends including rising rates of obesity and diabetes across the globe and differences in genetic predisposition. Here, we emphasize Hispanic populations and summarize what is currently known about obesity, diabetes and individual genetic predisposition as they relate to ethnic disparities in breast cancer incidence and mortality. In addition, we discuss potential contributions to breast cancer aetiology from molecular mechanisms associated with obesity and diabetes including dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, endocrine dysfunction and inflammation. We propose that unique differences in diet and lifestyle coupled with individual genetic predisposition and endocrine/immune dysfunction explain most of the ethnic disparities seen in breast cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lopez
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Center of Excellence in Diabetes Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Obata Y, Yamada Y, Takahi Y, Baden MY, Saisho K, Tamba S, Yamamoto K, Umeda M, Furubayashi A, Matsuzawa Y. Relationship between serum adiponectin levels and age in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:204-10. [PMID: 22963459 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum adiponectin levels are affected by gender, body fat mass, several pathological factors or therapeutic interventions and it might be also affected by age. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and age in several physiological states. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS The study was carried out in 21 100 healthy subjects (12 363 men and 8737 women) and 1833 patients with type 2 diabetes (1233 men and 600 women). Physical and demographic characteristics were recorded, and blood samples were collected to measure serum adiponectin levels. Using these data, we determined the relationships between serum adiponectin levels and various parameters, including age. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels increased with increasing age of healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes, in both men and women. Serum adiponectin levels were positively correlated with age in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, in both men and women. In stepwise multiple regression analysis with serum adiponectin levels as the dependent variable and physiological characteristics as explanatory variables, age was significantly and independently associated with serum adiponectin levels in each of these groups of subjects. CONCLUSIONS Serum adiponectin levels are significantly and positively associated with age in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes. This association is independent of renal function, body fat status, glucose metabolism and lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Obata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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Liao LM, Schwartz K, Pollak M, Graubard BI, Li Z, Ruterbusch J, Rothman N, Davis F, Wacholder S, Colt J, Chow WH, Purdue MP. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1478-85. [PMID: 23666639 PMCID: PMC3742622 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased rapidly in the U.S., particularly among African Americans. Despite a well-established link between obesity and RCC, the mechanism through which obesity increases cancer risk has yet to be established. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, may link obesity and cancer, with different quantitative effects by race. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the association between leptin and adiponectin concentrations and RCC risk among Caucasians (581 cases, 558 controls) and African Americans (187 cases, 359 controls) in a case-control study conducted in Detroit and Chicago. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Among controls, Caucasians had higher median adiponectin than African Americans (males: 8.2 vs. 7.0 μg/ml, P = 0.001; females: 13.4 vs. 8.4 μg/ml, P < 0.0001), and lower median leptin than African Americans (males: 11.8 vs. 14.1 ng/ml, P = 0.04; females: 28.3 vs. 45.9 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). Among Caucasians, the ORs for RCC comparing the highest (Q4) to the lowest (Q1) sex-specific quartile of leptin were 3.2 (95% CI: 1.9-5.2) for males and 4.7 (95% CI: 2.6-8.6) for females. Serum leptin was not significantly associated with RCC among African American males (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 0.7-3.1) or females (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-5.5). Higher adiponectin was associated with RCC risk among African American males (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6) and females (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-6.7), but not significantly among Caucasian males (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.99-2.7) and females (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9-3.1). CONCLUSION We observed an association between both leptin and adiponectin concentrations and risk of RCC, which may differ by race. Confirmation in further investigations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Takahara M, Katakami N, Kishida K, Kaneto H, Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Matsunaga S, Kubo S, Fukamizu H, Otsuka A, Ichihara K, Nakamura T. Circulating Adiponectin Levels and their Associated Factors in Young Lean Healthy Japanese Women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:57-64. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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36
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Gardener H, Crisby M, Sjoberg C, Hudson B, Goldberg R, Mendez AJ, Wright CB, Rundek T, Elkind MSV, Sacco RL. Serum adiponectin in relation to race-ethnicity and vascular risk factors in the Northern Manhattan Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 11:46-55. [PMID: 23127161 DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based data on serum adiponectin levels, an adipocytokine secreted from adipose tissue, are lacking, particularly across race-ethnic groups. Studies have suggested an inverse association between adiponectin and vascular risk factors, but data are limited and inconsistent. We examined the cross-sectional association between adiponectin, vascular risk factors and race-ethnicity in the population-based Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). METHODS Blood samples, anthropomorphics, and vascular risk factors were collected at baseline. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted with log-transformed adiponectin as the dependent variable. RESULTS Adiponectin was measured among 2900 participants (age 69±10 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.0±5.6, 37% male, 21% white, 53% Hispanic, 24% black). The mean adiponectin was 11.4±6.2 μg/mL (median=9.8, range=2.1-53.3). After multivariable adjustment, adiponectin levels were greatest among whites, followed by Hispanics, and lowest among blacks. Lower adiponectin levels were observed in participants with the following characteristics: Male, former smoking, hypertension, diabetes, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), metabolic syndrome, moderate alcohol use, elevated waist circumference, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and younger age. Obesity was a stronger risk factor for decreased adiponectin among blacks than among whites or Hispanics. The associations for several vascular risk factors, including hypertension, triglycerides, and low HDL-C, with low adiponectin were stronger among individuals who were not obese than among those who were obese. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin levels were lower among blacks and Hispanics and among those with various vascular risk factors, and greater with older age. The association between BMI and adiponectin varied across race-ethnic groups. Investigation of whether differences in body fat distribution may explain race-ethnic differences in adiponectin is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Khan UI, Wang D, Sowers MR, Mancuso P, Everson-Rose SA, Scherer PE, Wildman RP. Race-ethnic differences in adipokine levels: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Metabolism 2012; 61:1261-9. [PMID: 22444780 PMCID: PMC3404256 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Differences in adipose tissue secretory profile, as measured by adipokine levels, may play a role in race-ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined race-ethnic differences in adipokine levels in a group of mid-life Caucasian, African American (AA), Chinese and Japanese women, after accounting for adiposity. Data on 1876 women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation were analyzed. In multivariable adjustment, including total fat mass, differences in total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels were examined. Despite intermediate levels of adiposity, Caucasian women had higher levels of both total and HMW adiponectin, when compared to both AA and Chinese and Japanese women. After multivariable adjustment, compared to Caucasian women, AA women had significantly lower total (β: -3.40; 95% CI: -4.29, -2.52; P<.001) and HMW adiponectin (β: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.43; P<.001) levels, higher leptin levels (β: 3.26; 95% CI: 1.36, 5.16; P<.001) and lower sOB-R levels (β: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.03; P<.001). Compared to Caucasian women, both Chinese and Japanese women had lower total (Chinese: β: -5.50; 95% CI: -7.07, -3.93; P<.001; Japanese: β: -5.48; 95% CI: -6.95, -4.02; P<.001) and HMW adiponectin (Chinese: β: -0.57; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.38; P<.001; Japanese: β: -0.61; 95% CI: -0.78, -0.44; P<.001) levels and lower sOB-R levels (Chinese: β: -0.13; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.06; P<.001; Japanese: β: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.02; P=.008). Significant race-ethnic differences exist in circulating adipokines, even after accounting for adiposity. Further research is needed to explicitly determine if such differences contribute to known racial differences in CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unab I Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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Cohen SS, Signorello LB, Cope EL, McLaughlin JK, Hargreaves MK, Zheng W, Blot WJ. Obesity and all-cause mortality among black adults and white adults. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:431-42. [PMID: 22822174 PMCID: PMC3499117 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent pooled analyses among whites and Asians, mortality was shown to rise markedly with increasing body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), but much less is known about this association among blacks. This study prospectively examined all-cause mortality in relation to BMI among 22,014 black males, 9,343 white males, 30,810 black females, and 14,447 white females, aged 40-79 years, from the Southern Community Cohort Study, an epidemiologic cohort of largely low-income participants in 12 southeastern US states. Participants enrolled in the cohort from 2002 to 2009 and were followed up to 8.9 years. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality were obtained from sex- and race-stratified Cox proportional hazards models in association with BMI at cohort entry, adjusting for age, education, income, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Elevated BMI was associated with increased mortality among whites (hazard ratios for BMI >40 vs. 20-24.9 = 1.37 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.84) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.89) for white males and white females, respectively) but not significantly among blacks (hazard ratios = 1.13 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.43) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.04) for black males and black females, respectively). In this large cohort, obesity in mid-to-late adulthood among blacks was not associated with the same excess mortality risk seen among whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Cohen
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Zhou J, Huang H, Adeyemo A, Rotimi CN. Paradoxical Hyperadiponectinemia is Associated With the Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) Phenotype in African Americans. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2012; 2:51-65. [PMID: 23293696 PMCID: PMC3534968 DOI: 10.4021/jem95w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that adiponectin may offer protection against the adverse health effects of obesity. In this study, we determined the prevalence of paradoxically high adiponectin or paradoxical hyperadiponectinemia (PHA) among obese African Americans and investigated its relationship with the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. METHODS: Total adiponectin and metabolic markers including fasting glucose, insulin, serum lipids and obesity measures were determined in 822 unrelated participants from the Howard University Family Study (HUFS). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between MHO phenotype and PHA while adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS: Overall, men had significantly lower adiponectin levels than women. However, adiponectin level was associated with obesity measures, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index in both men and women. Equal proportion of the obese male and female subjects (19.2%; 66/343) had PHA; these obese individuals with PHA had a healthier metabolic profile including higher HDL-cholesterol, lower insulin levels and smaller waist circumference and insulin levels compared to those without PHA. Also, 28% (96/343) of the study participants met the criteria of MHO phenotype. Interestingly, 42% (28/66) of the obese individuals with PHA also had the MHO phenotype. Finally, the MHO phenotype was associated with PHA in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the presence of MHO in African Americans and demonstrate the association of PHA with the MHO phenotype. In all, our findings along with other published results provide evidence for a more systematic investigation of the mechanisms underlying the protective function of adiponectin and its potential therapeutic applications in human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo P. Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hanxia Huang
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Effect of interaction between PPARG, PPARA and ADIPOQ gene variants and dietary fatty acids on plasma lipid profile and adiponectin concentration in a large intervention study. Proc Nutr Soc 2011; 71:141-53. [PMID: 22040870 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665111003181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids are ligands of PPAR-γ, which up-regulates genes involved in fatty acid transport and TAG synthesis and the insulin-sensitising adipokine adiponectin, which activates fatty acid β-oxidation via PPAR-α action in liver. We investigated the effect of dietary fatty acid interaction with PPARG, PPARA and ADIPOQ gene variants on plasma lipid and adiponectin concentrations in the Reading Imperial Surrey Cambridge King's study, a five-centre, parallel design, randomised controlled trial of 466 subjects at increased cardiometabolic risk. After a 4-week run-in to baseline, SFA was replaced by MUFA or carbohydrate (low fat) in isoenergetic diets for 24 weeks. Habitual dietary PUFA:SFA ratio×PPARG Pro12Ala genotype interaction influenced plasma total cholesterol (P=0·02), LDL-cholesterol (P=0·002) and TAG (P=0·02) concentrations in White subjects. PPARA Val162Leu×PPARG Pro12Ala genotype interaction influenced total cholesterol (P=0·04) and TAG (P=0·03) concentrations at baseline. After high-MUFA and low-fat diets, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were reduced (P<0·001) and gene×gene interaction determined LDL-cholesterol (P=0·003) and small dense LDL as a proportion of LDL (P=0·012). At baseline, ADIPOQ -10066 G/A A-allele was associated with lower serum adiponectin (n 360; P=0·03) in White subjects. After the high-MUFA diet, serum adiponectin increased in GG subjects and decreased in A-allele carriers (P=0·006 for difference). In GG, adiponectin increased with age after the high MUFA and decreased after the low-fat diet (P=0·003 for difference at 60 years). In conclusion, in Whites, high dietary PUFA:SFA would help to reduce plasma cholesterol and TAG in PPARG Ala12 carriers. In ADIPOQ -10066 GG homozygotes, a high-MUFA diet may help to increase adiponectin with advancing age.
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AlSaleh A, O'Dell SD, Frost GS, Griffin BA, Lovegrove JA, Jebb SA, Sanders TAB. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus interact with age and dietary intake of fat to determine serum adiponectin in subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:262-9. [PMID: 21562092 PMCID: PMC3592482 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.014209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin gene expression is modulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which is a transcription factor activated by unsaturated fatty acids. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of the interaction between variants at the ADIPOQ gene locus, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and the replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or carbohydrates on serum adiponectin concentrations. DESIGN The RISCK (Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, and Kings) study is a parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured after a 4-wk high-SFA (HS) diet and a 24-wk intervention with reference (HS), high-MUFA (HM), and low-fat (LF) diets. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ locus -11391 G/A (rs17300539), -10066 G/A (rs182052), -7734 A/C (rs16861209), and +276 G/T (rs1501299) were genotyped in 448 participants. RESULTS In white Europeans, +276 T was associated with higher serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 340; P = 0.006) and -10066 A was associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 360; P = 0.03), after adjustment for age, BMI, and sex. After the HM diet, -10066 G/G subjects showed a 3.8% increase (95% CI: -0.1%, 7.7%) and G/A+A/A subjects a 2.6% decrease (95% CI: -5.6%, 0.4%) in serum adiponectin (P = 0.006 for difference after adjustment for the change in BMI, age, and sex). In -10066 G/G homozygotes, serum adiponectin increased with age after the HM diet and decreased after the LF diet. CONCLUSION In white -10066 G/G homozygotes, an HM diet may help to increase adiponectin concentrations with advancing age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN29111298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel AlSaleh
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lipworth L, Tarone RE, McLaughlin JK. Renal cell cancer among African Americans: an epidemiologic review. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:133. [PMID: 21486465 PMCID: PMC3087713 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates for renal cell cancer, which accounts for 85% of kidney cancers, have been rising more rapidly among blacks than whites, almost entirely accounted for by an excess of localized disease. This excess dates back to the 1970s, despite less access among blacks to imaging procedures in the past. In contrast, mortality rates for this cancer have been virtually identical among blacks and whites since the early 1990s, despite the fact that nephrectomy rates, regardless of stage, are lower among blacks than among whites. These observations suggest that renal cell cancer may be a less aggressive tumor in blacks. We have reviewed the epidemiology of renal cell cancer, with emphasis on factors which may potentially play a role in the observed differences in incidence and mortality patterns of renal cell cancer among blacks and whites. To date, the factors most consistently, albeit modestly, associated with increased renal cell cancer risk in epidemiologic studies among whites--obesity, hypertension, cigarette smoking--likely account for less than half of these cancers, and there is virtually no epidemiologic evidence in the literature pertaining to their association with renal cell cancer among blacks. There is a long overdue need for detailed etiologic cohort and case-control studies of renal cell cancer among blacks, as they now represent the population at highest risk in the United States. In particular, investigation of the influence on renal cell cancer development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease, both of which occur substantially more frequently among blacks, is warranted, as well as investigations into the biology and natural history of this cancer among blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Lipworth
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Boulevard, Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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