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Liu SS, Bai TT, Que TL, Luo A, Liang YX, Song YX, Liu TY, Chen JW, Li J, Li N, Zhang ZC, Chen NN, Liu Y, Zhang ZC, Zhou YL, Wang X, Zhu ZB. PI3K/AKT mediated De novo fatty acid synthesis regulates RIG-1/MDA-5-dependent type I IFN responses in BVDV-infected CD8 +T cells. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110034. [PMID: 38432076 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has caused massive economic losses in the cattle business worldwide. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of the fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway, has been shown to support virus replication. To investigate the role of fatty acids (FAs) in BVDV infection, we infected CD8+T lymphocytes obtained from healthy cattle with BVDV in vitro. During early cytopathic (CP) and noncytopathic (NCP) BVDV infection in CD8+ T cells, there is an increase in de novo lipid biosynthesis, resulting in elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TG). BVDV infection promotes de novo lipid biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the FASN inhibitor C75 significantly reduces the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT in BVDV-infected CD8+ T cells, while inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 decreases FASN expression. Both CP and NCP BVDV strains promote de novo fatty acid synthesis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further investigation shows that pharmacological inhibitors targeting FASN and PI3K concurrently reduce FFAs, TG levels, and ATP production, effectively inhibiting BVDV replication. Conversely, the in vitro supplementation of oleic acid (OA) to replace fatty acids successfully restored BVDV replication, underscoring the impact of abnormal de novo fatty acid metabolism on BVDV replication. Intriguingly, during BVDV infection of CD8+T cells, the use of FASN inhibitors prompted the production of IFN-α and IFN-β, as well as the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Moreover, FASN inhibitors induce TBK-1 phosphorylation through the activation of RIG-1 and MDA-5, subsequently activating IRF-3 and ultimately enhancing the IFN-1 response. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that BVDV infection activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to boost de novo fatty acid synthesis, and inhibition of FASN suppresses BVDV replication by activating the RIG-1/MDA-5-dependent IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tong-Tong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tao-Lin Que
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - An Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu-Xin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu-Xin Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tian-Yi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jin-Wei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ze-Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ze-Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhan-Bo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China.
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2
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Xu L, Li M, Zhang J, Li D, Tao J, Zhang F, Jin X, Lu J, Liu T. Metabolomic landscape of macrophage discloses an anabolic signature of dengue virus infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011923. [PMID: 38306392 PMCID: PMC10866464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, the most prevalent arthropod-transmitted viral disease worldwide. Viruses are acellular parasites and obligately rely on host cell machinery for reproduction. Previous studies have indicated metabolomic changes in endothelial cell models and sera of animal models and patients with dengue fever. To probe the immunometabolic mechanism of DENV infection, here, we report the metabolomic landscape of a human macrophage cell model of DENV infection and its antibody-dependent enhancement. DENV infection of THP-1-derived macrophages caused 202 metabolic variants, of which amino acids occupied 23.7%, fatty acids 21.78%, carbohydrates 10.4%, organic acids 13.37%, and carnitines 10.4%. These metabolomic changes indicated an overall anabolic signature, which was characterized by the global exhaustion of amino acids, increases of cellular fatty acids, carbohydrates and pentoses, but decreases of acylcarnitine. Significant activation of metabolic pathways of glycolysis, pentose phosphate, amino acid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle collectively support the overall anabolism to meet metabolic demands of DENV replication and immune activation by viral infection. Totally 88 of 202 metabolic variants were significantly changed by DENV infection, 36 of which met the statistical standard (P<0.05, VIP>1.5) of differentially expressed metabolites, which were the predominantly decreased variants of acylcarnitine and the increased variants of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Remarkably, 11 differentially expressed metabolites were significantly distinct between DENV only infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. Our data suggested that the anabolic activation by DENV infection integrates the viral replication and anti-viral immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Hainan Key Novel Thinktank "Hainan Medical University ’One Health’ Research Center", Haikou 571199, China
- Institute of One Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tiefu Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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D’Avila H, Lima CNR, Rampinelli PG, Mateus LCO, de Sousa Silva RV, Correa JR, de Almeida PE. Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:640. [PMID: 38203811 PMCID: PMC10778989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, and entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, on the other hand, depend on host metabolic machineries to fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due to potential advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and efficient immune activation, EVs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that they frequently have dysregulated lipid profiles, which are associated with an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as organelles with significant roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis as well as having a wide range of functions in infections. The down-modulation of lipids, such as sphingolipid ceramide and eicosanoids, or of the transcriptional factors involved in lipogenesis seem to inhibit the viral multiplication, suggesting their involvement in the virus replication and pathogenesis as well as highlighting their potential as targets for drug development. Hence, this review focuses on the role of modulation of lipid metabolism and EVs in the mechanism of immune system evasion during SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the therapeutic potential of EVs as well as application for delivering therapeutic substances to mitigate viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa D’Avila
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | | | - Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Laiza Camila Oliveira Mateus
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Renata Vieira de Sousa Silva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - José Raimundo Correa
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Elaine de Almeida
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
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4
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Li C, Lin L, Tang Y, Huang S. Molecular mechanism of ChaiShi JieDu granule in treating dengue based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36773. [PMID: 38206728 PMCID: PMC10754559 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a frequently occurring infectious disease caused by the Dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Chaishi Jiedu Granules (CSJD) is an empirical prescription of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in the treatment of dengue fever, which has been widely used in the treatment of dengue fever, and has shown good efficacy in improving the clinical symptoms of patients. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of CSJD in treating dengue fever using network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and virtual screening methods. The results showed that luteolin, quercetin and other compounds in CSJD could target important targets related to dengue virus, including STAT3, AKT1, TNF, IL-6, and other key genes, thus playing an antiviral role. Among them, luteolin and wogonin in CSJD also inhibited dengue virus replication and reduced inflammation, and showed good binding force with IL-6 and TNF. Therefore, this study provides an important reference for the development of CSJD as a potential drug for dengue fever treatment and a new perspective for research and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yexiao Tang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanqi Huang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Campbell O, Monje-Galvan V. Lipid composition modulates interactions of p7 viroporin during membrane insertion. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:108013. [PMID: 37586469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral proteins interact with lipid membranes during various stages in the viral life cycle to propagate infection. p7 is an ion channel forming protein of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) that participates in viral assembly. Studies show that it has close ties to lipid metabolism in the cell and anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids are suggested to be key for its permeabilizing function, but the mechanism of its interaction with the lipid environment is largely unknown. To begin unraveling the molecular processes of the protein, we evaluated the impact of lipid environment on the binding and insertion mechanism of p7 prior to channel formation and viral assembly using molecular dynamics simulations. It is seen that p7 is sensitive to its lipid environment and results in different remodeling patterns in membranes. Helix 1 (H1) is especially important for peptide insertion, with deeper entry taking place when the membrane contains phosphatidylserine (PS). Helix 2 (H2) and the adjacent loop connecting to Helix 3 (H3) prompts recruitment of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids to the protein binding site in membrane models with lower surface charge. This work provides perspectives on the interplay between protein-lipid dynamics and membrane composition, and insights on membrane reorganization in mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Monje-Galvan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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6
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Makokha GN, Chayama K, Hayes CN, Abe-Chayama H, Abuduwaili M, Hijikata M. Deficiency of SCAP inhibits HBV pathogenesis via activation of the interferon signaling pathway. Virology 2023; 585:248-258. [PMID: 37437369 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects the liver and is a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approaches for an effective cure are thwarted by limited knowledge of virus-host interactions. Herein, we identified SCAP as a novel host factor that regulates HBV gene expression. SCAP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein, is an integral membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein plays a central role in controlling lipid synthesis and uptake by cells. We found that gene silencing of SCAP significantly inhibited HBV replication; furthermore, knockdown of SREBP2 but not SREBP1, the downstream effectors of SCAP, reduced HBs antigen production from HBV infected primary hepatocytes. We also demonstrated that knockdown of SCAP resulted in activation of interferons (IFNs) and IFN stimulated genes (ISGs). Conversely, ectopic expression of SREBP2 in SCAP-deficient cells restored expression of IFNs and ISGs. Importantly, expression of SREBP2 restored HBV production in SCAP knockdown cells, suggesting that SCAP participates in HBV replication through an effect on IFN production via its downstream effector SREBP2. This observation was further confirmed by blocking IFN signaling by an anti-IFN antibody, which restored HBV infection in SCAP-deficient cells. This led to the conclusion that SCAP regulates the IFN pathway through SREBP, thereby affecting the HBV lifecycle. This is the first study to reveal the involvement of SCAP in regulation of HBV infection. These results may facilitate development of new antiviral strategies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Naswa Makokha
- Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Department of Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Department of Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maidina Abuduwaili
- Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Department of Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Hijikata
- Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Department of Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Yang Y, Luo Y, Yi S, Gao Q, Gong T, Feng Y, Wu D, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhang G, Sun Y. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus regulates lipid droplet accumulation in lipid metabolic pathways to promote viral replication. Virus Res 2023; 333:199139. [PMID: 37217033 PMCID: PMC10352717 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a severe respiratory disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) that can lead to the abortion of pregnant sows and decreased boar semen quality. However, the mechanisms of PRRSV replication in the host have not yet been fully elucidated. As lipid metabolism and lipid droplets (LDs) have been reported to play important roles in the replication of various viruses, we aimed to explore the mechanisms through which LDs affect PRRSV replication. Laser confocal and transmission electron microscopy revealed that PRRSV infection promoted intracellular LD accumulation, which was significantly reduced by treatment with the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitors BAY11-7082 and metformin hydrochloride (MH). In addition, treatment with a DGAT1 inhibitor significantly reduced the protein expression of Phosphorylated NF-ΚB P65and PIκB and the transcription of IL-1β and IL-8 in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, we showed that the reduction of the NF-κB signaling pathway and LDs significantly reduced PRRSV replication. Together, the findings of this study suggest a novel mechanism through which PRRSV regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to increase LD accumulation and promote viral replication. Moreover, we demonstrated that both BAY11-7082 and MH can reduce PRRSV replication by reducing the NF-κB signaling pathway and LD accumulation. This study lays a theoretical foundation for research on the mechanism of PRRS prevention and control, as well as the research and development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Songqiang Yi
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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8
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Campbell O, Monje-Galvan V. Protein-driven membrane remodeling: Molecular perspectives from Flaviviridae infections. Biophys J 2023; 122:1890-1899. [PMID: 36369756 PMCID: PMC10257083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cell membrane consists of thousands of different lipid species, and this variety is critical for biological function. Alterations to this balance can be dangerous as they can lead to permanent disruption of lipid metabolism, a hallmark in several viral diseases. The Flaviviridae family is made up of positive single-stranded RNA viruses that assemble at or near the location of lipid droplet formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. These viruses are known to interfere with lipid metabolism during the onset of liver disease, albeit to different extents. Pathogenesis of these infections involves specific protein-lipid interactions that alter lipid sorting and metabolism to sustain propagation of the viral infection. Recent experimental studies identify a correlation between viral proteins and lipid content or location in the cell, but these do not assess membrane-embedded interactions. Molecular modeling, specifically molecular dynamics simulations, can provide molecular-level spatial and temporal resolution for characterization of biomolecular interactions. This review focuses on recent advancements and current knowledge gaps in the molecular mechanisms of lipid-mediated liver disease preceded by viral infection. We discuss three viruses from the Flaviviridae family: dengue, zika, and hepatitis C, with a particular focus on lipid interactions with their respective ion channels, known as viroporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Viviana Monje-Galvan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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9
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Dias SSG, Cunha-Fernandes T, Souza-Moreira L, Soares VC, Lima GB, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Santos J, Pereira-Dutra F, Freitas C, Reis PA, Rehen SK, Bozza FA, Souza TML, de Almeida CJG, Bozza PT. Metabolic reprogramming and lipid droplets are involved in Zika virus replication in neural cells. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:61. [PMID: 36882750 PMCID: PMC9992922 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global public health concern linked to adult neurological disorders and congenital diseases in newborns. Host lipid metabolism, including lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, has been associated with viral replication and pathogenesis of different viruses. However, the mechanisms of LD formation and their roles in ZIKV infection in neural cells are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV regulates the expression of pathways associated with lipid metabolism, including the upregulation and activation of lipogenesis-associated transcription factors and decreased expression of lipolysis-associated proteins, leading to significant LD accumulation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in neural stem cells (NSCs). Pharmacological inhibition of DGAT-1 decreased LD accumulation and ZIKV replication in vitro in human cells and in an in vivo mouse model of infection. In accordance with the role of LDs in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity, we show that blocking LD formation has major roles in inflammatory cytokine production in the brain. Moreover, we observed that inhibition of DGAT-1 inhibited the weight loss and mortality induced by ZIKV infection in vivo. Our results reveal that LD biogenesis triggered by ZIKV infection is a crucial step for ZIKV replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism and LD biogenesis may represent potential strategies for anti-ZIKV treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Barbosa Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia A Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens Kastrup Rehen
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Lopes Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT/IDPN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, (CDTS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia J G de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Islam KU, Anwar S, Patel AA, Mirdad MT, Mirdad MT, Azmi MI, Ahmad T, Fatima Z, Iqbal J. Global Lipidome Profiling Revealed Multifaceted Role of Lipid Species in Hepatitis C Virus Replication, Assembly, and Host Antiviral Response. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020464. [PMID: 36851679 PMCID: PMC9965260 DOI: 10.3390/v15020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen that requires a better understanding of its interaction with host cells. There is a close association of HCV life cycle with host lipid metabolism. Lipid droplets (LDs) have been found to be crucial organelles that support HCV replication and virion assembly. In addition to their role in replication, LDs also have protein-mediated antiviral properties that are activated during HCV infection. Studies have shown that HCV replicates well in cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich membranes, but the ways in which HCV alters host cell lipid dynamics are not yet known. In this study, we performed a kinetic study to check the enrichment of LDs at different time points of HCV infection. Based on the LD enrichment results, we selected early and later time points of HCV infection for global lipidomic study. Early infection represents the window period for HCV sensing and host immune response while later infection represents the establishment of viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and egress. We identified the dynamic profile of lipid species at early and later time points of HCV infection by global lipidomic study using mass spectrometry. At early HCV infection, phosphatidylinositol phospholipids (PIPs), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), triacyl glycerols (TAG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and trihexosylceramides (Hex3Cer) were observed to be enriched. Similarly, free fatty acids (FFA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE), and tri acylglycerols were enriched at later time points of HCV infection. Lipids enriched at early time of infection may have role in HCV sensing, viral attachment, and immune response as LPA and PIPs are important for immune response and viral attachment, respectively. Moreover, lipid species observed at later infection may contribute to HCV replication and virion assembly as PE, FFA, and triacylglycerols are known for the similar function. In conclusion, we identified lipid species that exhibited dynamic profile across early and later time points of HCV infection compared to mock cells, which could be therapeutically relevant in the design of more specific and effective anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Ul Islam
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saleem Anwar
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ayyub A. Patel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Md Iqbal Azmi
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram 122413, India
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (J.I.)
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (J.I.)
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11
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Sekaran SD, Liew ZM, Yam HC, Raju CS. The association between diabetes and obesity with Dengue infections. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:101. [PMID: 35864519 PMCID: PMC9301891 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, an arboviral disease is a global threat to public health as the number of Dengue cases increases through the decades and this trend is predicted to continue. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity are also on an upward trend. Moreover, past clinical studies have shown comorbidities worsen the clinical manifestation of especially Severe Dengue. However, discussion regarding the underlying mechanisms regarding the association between these comorbidities and dengue are lacking. The hallmark of Severe Dengue is plasma leakage which is due to several factors including presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation of endothelial barrier protein expression. The key factors of diabetes affecting endothelial functions are Th1 skewed responses and junctional-related proteins expression. Additionally, obesity alters the lipid metabolism and immune response causing increased viral replication and inflammation. The similarity between diabetes and obesity individuals is in having chronic inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction. This review outlines the roles of diabetes and obesity in severe dengue and gives some insights into the plausible mechanisms of comorbidities in Severe Dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Sekaran
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University Springhill Campus, Port Dickson, 70100, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Z M Liew
- Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - H C Yam
- Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - C S Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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12
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Ahmed N, Ahmed N, Pezacki JP. miR-383 Regulates Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis and Response to Dengue Virus Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:928-941. [PMID: 35254825 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), as endogenous noncoding RNAs that inhibit mRNA translation, have been identified to broadly possess functional roles in regulating cellular signaling and metabolic processes due to their chemical and biological properties. In addition, they have emerged to be of critical importance in modulating host-virus interactions, especially for RNA viruses. Herein, we discovered that miR-383-5p targets certain lipid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways and restricts Dengue virus (DENV) infection in hepatic cells. Global transcriptomics analysis of Huh7 human hepatoma cells overexpressing miR-383-5p revealed enrichment of lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes. Bioinformatics analysis of genes repressed in miR-383-5p overexpressing cells divulged the repression of a key target PLA2G4A, a pro-viral host factor essential for the production of infectious DENV particles. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of miRNA mimics as tools to study cellular signaling pathways that contribute to viral pathogenesis. Overall, our study identifies miR-383-5p as an interesting host factor during DENV propagation and highlights a potential therapeutic role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and an antiviral response to DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Noreen Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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13
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Fierro NA, Rivera-Toledo E, Ávila-Horta F, Anaya-Covarrubias JY, Mendlovic F. Scavenger Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:175-191. [PMID: 35319302 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SR) are not only pattern recognition receptors involved in the immune response against pathogens but are also important receptors exploited by different virus to enter host cells, and thus represent targets for antiviral therapy. The high mutation rates of viruses, as well as their small genomes are partly responsible for the high rates of virus resistance and effective treatments remain a challenge. Most currently approved formulations target viral-encoded factors. Nevertheless, host proteins may function as additional targets. Thus, there is a need to explore and develop new strategies aiming at cellular factors involved in virus replication and host cell entry. SR-virus interactions have implications in the pathogenesis of several viral diseases and in adenovirus-based vaccination and gene transfer technologies, and may function as markers of severe progression. Inhibition of SR could reduce adenoviral uptake and improve gene therapy and vaccination, as well as reduce pathogenesis. In this review, we will examine the crucial role of SR play in cell entry of different types of human virus, which will allow us to further understand their role in protection and pathogenesis and its potential as antiviral molecules. The recent discovery of SR-B1 as co-factor of SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) entry is also discussed. Further fundamental research is essential to understand molecular interactions in the dynamic virus-host cell interplay through SR for rational design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Fierro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evelyn Rivera-Toledo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Ávila-Horta
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
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14
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Zapata-Cardona MI, Flórez-Álvarez L, Zapata-Builes W, Guerra-Sandoval AL, Guerra-Almonacid CM, Hincapié-García J, Rugeles MT, Hernandez JC. Atorvastatin Effectively Inhibits Ancestral and Two Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:721103. [PMID: 35369500 PMCID: PMC8972052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.721103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of atorvastatin (ATV) against SARS-CoV-2 and identified the interaction affinity between this compound and two SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The antiviral activity of atorvastatin against this virus was evaluated by three different treatment strategies [(i) pre-post treatment, (ii) pre-infection treatment, and (iii) post-infection treatment] using Vero E6 and Caco-2 cells. The interaction of atorvastatin with RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) and 3CL protease (3-chymotrypsin-like protease) was evaluated by molecular docking. The CC50s (half-maximal cytotoxic concentrations) obtained for ATV were 50.3 and 64.5 μM in Vero E6 and Caco-2, respectively. This compound showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain in Vero E6 with median effective concentrations (EC50s) of 15.4, 12.1, and 11.1 μM by pre-post, pre-infection, and post-infection treatments, respectively. ATV also inhibited Delta and Mu variants by pre-post treatment (EC50s of 16.8 and 21.1 μM, respectively). In addition, ATV showed an antiviral effect against the D614G strain independent of the cell line (EC50 of 7.4 μM in Caco-2). The interaction of atorvastatin with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and 3CL protease yielded a binding affinity of -6.7 kcal/mol and -7.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Our study demonstrated the in vitro antiviral activity of atorvastatin against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain and two emerging variants (Delta and Mu), with an independent effect of the cell line. A favorable binding affinity between ATV and viral proteins by bioinformatics methods was found. Due to the extensive clinical experience of atorvastatin use, it could prove valuable in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Zapata-Cardona
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lizdany Flórez-Álvarez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wildeman Zapata-Builes
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jaime Hincapié-García
- Grupo de investigación, Promoción y prevención farmacéutica, Facultad de ciencias farmacéuticas y alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María T. Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
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15
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Grootemaat AE, van der Niet S, Scholl ER, Roos E, Schurink B, Bugiani M, Miller SE, Larsen P, Pankras J, Reits EA, van der Wel NN. Lipid and Nucleocapsid N-Protein Accumulation in COVID-19 Patient Lung and Infected Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0127121. [PMID: 35171025 PMCID: PMC8849100 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01271-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global outbreak and prompted an enormous research effort. Still, the subcellular localization of the coronavirus in lungs of COVID-19 patients is not well understood. Here, the localization of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins is studied in postmortem lung material of COVID-19 patients and in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells, processed identically. Correlative light and electron microscopy on semithick cryo-sections demonstrated induction of electron-lucent, lipid-filled compartments after SARS-CoV-2 infection in both lung and cell cultures. In lung tissue, the nonstructural protein 4 and the stable nucleocapsid N-protein were detected on these novel lipid-filled compartments. The induction of such lipid-filled compartments and the localization of the viral proteins in lung of patients with fatal COVID-19 may explain the extensive inflammatory response and provide a new hallmark for SARS-CoV-2 infection at the final, fatal stage of infection. IMPORTANCE Visualization of the subcellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in lung patient material of COVID-19 patients is important for the understanding of this new virus. We detected viral proteins in the context of the ultrastructure of infected cells and tissues and discovered that some viral proteins accumulate in novel, lipid-filled compartments. These structures are induced in Vero cells but, more importantly, also in lung of patients with COVID-19. We have characterized these lipid-filled compartments and determined that this is a novel, virus-induced structure. Immunogold labeling demonstrated that cellular markers, such as CD63 and lipid droplet marker PLIN-2, are absent. Colocalization of lipid-filled compartments with the stable N-protein and nonstructural protein 4 in lung of the last stages of COVID-19 indicates that these compartments play a key role in the devastating immune response that SARS-CoV-2 infections provoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita E. Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne van der Niet
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin R. Scholl
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernadette Schurink
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara E. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Per Larsen
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Pankras
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A. Reits
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Pike DP, McGuffee RM, Geerling E, Albert CJ, Hoft DF, Shashaty MGS, Meyer NJ, Pinto AK, Ford DA. Plasmalogen Loss in Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:912880. [PMID: 35784479 PMCID: PMC9242022 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.912880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are plasma-borne antioxidant phospholipid species that provide protection as cellular lipid components during cellular oxidative stress. In this study we investigated plasma plasmalogen levels in human sepsis as well as in rodent models of infection. In humans, levels of multiple plasmenylethanolamine molecular species were decreased in septic patient plasma compared to control subject plasma as well as an age-aligned control subject cohort. Additionally, lysoplasmenylcholine levels were significantly decreased in septic patients compared to the control cohorts. In contrast, plasma diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine levels were elevated in septic patients. Lipid changes were also determined in rats subjected to cecal slurry sepsis. Plasma plasmenylcholine, plasmenylethanolamine, and lysoplasmenylcholine levels were decreased while diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine levels were increased in septic rats compared to control treated rats. Kidney levels of lysoplasmenylcholine as well as plasmenylethanolamine molecular species were decreased in septic rats. Interestingly, liver plasmenylcholine and plasmenylethanolamine levels were increased in septic rats. Since COVID-19 is associated with sepsis-like acute respiratory distress syndrome and oxidative stress, plasmalogen levels were also determined in a mouse model of COVID-19 (intranasal inoculation of K18 mice with SARS-CoV-2). 3 days following infection, lung infection was confirmed as well as cytokine expression in the lung. Multiple molecular species of lung plasmenylcholine and plasmenylethanolamine were decreased in infected mice. In contrast, the predominant lung phospholipid, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, was not decreased following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally total plasmenylcholine levels were decreased in the plasma of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate the loss of plasmalogens during both sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study also indicates plasma plasmalogens should be considered in future studies as biomarkers of infection and as prognostic indicators for sepsis and COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Pike
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Reagan M McGuffee
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carolyn J Albert
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael G S Shashaty
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Translational Lung Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Translational Lung Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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17
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Lipid droplets are beneficial for rabies virus replication by facilitating viral budding. J Virol 2021; 96:e0147321. [PMID: 34757839 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01473-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an old zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), but the pathogenic mechanism of RABV is still not completely understood. Lipid droplets have been reported to play a role in pathogenesis of several viruses. However, its role on RABV infection remains unclear. Here, we initially found that RABV infection upregulated lipid droplet (LD) production in multiple cells and mouse brains. After the treatment of atorvastatin, a specific inhibitor of LD, RABV replication in N2a cells decreased. Then we found that RABV infection could upregulate N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which in turn enhance the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2). DGAT1/2 could elevate cellular triglycerides synthesis and ultimately promote intracellular LD formation. Furthermore, we found that RABV-M and RABV-G, which were mainly involved in the viral budding process, could colocalize with LDs, indicating that RABV might utilize LDs as a carrier to facilitate viral budding and eventually increase virus production. Taken together, our study reveals that lipid droplets are beneficial for RABV replication and their biogenesis is regulated via NDRG1-DGAT1/2 pathway, which provides novel potential targets for developing anti-RABV drugs. IMPORTANCE Lipid droplets have been proven to play an important role in viral infections, but its role in RABV infection has not yet been elaborated. Here, we find that RABV infection upregulates the generation of LDs by enhancing the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1). Then NDRG1 elevated cellular triglycerides synthesis by increasing the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2), which promotes the biogenesis of LDs. RABV-M and RABV-G, which are the major proteins involved in viral budding, could utilize LDs as a carrier and transport to cell membrane, resulting in enhanced virus budding. Our findings will extend the knowledge of lipid metabolism in RABV infection and help to explore potential therapeutic targets for RABV.
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18
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Farfan-Morales CN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Hurtado-Monzón AM, Osuna-Ramos JF, González-González AM, De Jesús-González LA, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Del Ángel RM. Anti-flavivirus Properties of Lipid-Lowering Drugs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749770. [PMID: 34690817 PMCID: PMC8529048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) virus are important human pathogens, an effective vaccine or antiviral treatment against them is not available. Hence, the search for new strategies to control flavivirus infections is essential. Several studies have shown that the host lipid metabolism could be an antiviral target because cholesterol and other lipids are required during the replicative cycle of different Flaviviridae family members. FDA-approved drugs with hypolipidemic effects could be an alternative for treating flavivirus infections. However, a better understanding of the regulation between host lipid metabolism and signaling pathways triggered during these infections is required. The metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism modified during DENV and ZIKV infection are analyzed in this review. Additionally, the role of lipid-lowering drugs as safe host-targeted antivirals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arianna M Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely M González-González
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Rox K, Heyner M, Krull J, Harmrolfs K, Rinne V, Hokkanen J, Perez Vilaro G, Díez J, Müller R, Kröger A, Sugiyama Y, Brönstrup M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Treatment of Dengue Infections Applied to the Broad Spectrum Antiviral Soraphen A. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1499-1513. [PMID: 34661071 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While a drug treatment is unavailable, the global incidence of Dengue virus (DENV) infections and its associated severe manifestations continues to rise. We report the construction of the first physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model that predicts viremia levels in relevant target organs based on preclinical data with the broad spectrum antiviral soraphen A (SorA), an inhibitor of the host cell target acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. SorA was highly effective against DENV in vitro (EC50 = 4.7 nM) and showed in vivo efficacy by inducing a significant reduction of viral load in the spleen and liver of IFNAR-/- mice infected with DENV-2. PBPK/PD predictions for SorA matched well with the experimental infection data. Transfer to a human PBPK/PD model for DENV to mimic a clinical scenario predicted a reduction in viremia by more than one log10 unit for an intravenous infusion regimen of SorA. The PBPK/PD model is applicable to any DENV drug lead and, thus, represents a valuable tool to accelerate and facilitate DENV drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maxi Heyner
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jana Krull
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Gemma Perez Vilaro
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Díez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Dang X, Li Y, Li X, Wang C, Ma Z, Wang L, Fan X, Li Z, Huang D, Xu J, Zhou Z. Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Differences in Sphingolipids Metabolic Pathway between Healthy Apis cerana cerana larvae and Chinese Sacbrood Disease. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080703. [PMID: 34442269 PMCID: PMC8396520 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese sacbrood disease (CSD), which is caused by Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV), is a major viral disease in Apis cerana cerana larvae. Analysis of lipid composition is critical to the study of CSBV replication. The host lipidome profiling during CSBV infection has not been conducted. This paper identified the lipidome of the CSBV-larvae interaction through high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 2164 lipids were detected and divided into 20 categories. Comparison of lipidome between healthy and CSBV infected-larvae showed that 266 lipid species were altered by CSBV infection. Furthermore, qRT-PCR showed that various sphingolipid enzymes and the contents of sphingolipids in the larvae were increased, indicating that sphingolipids may be important for CSBV infection. Importantly, Cer (d14:1 + hO/21:0 + O), DG (41:0e), PE (18:0e/18:3), SM (d20:0/19:1), SM (d37:1), TG (16:0/18:1/18:3), TG (18:1/20:4/21:0) and TG (43:7) were significantly altered in both CSBV_24 h vs. CK_24 h and CSBV_48 h vs. CK_48 h. Moreover, TG (39:6), which was increased by more than 10-fold, could be used as a biomarker for the early detection of CSD. This study provides evidence that global lipidome homeostasis in A. c. cerana larvae is remodeled after CSBV infection. Detailed studies in the future may improve the understanding of the relationship between the sphingolipid pathway and CSBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Dang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Zhengang Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Linling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Zhi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Dunyuan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Jinshan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
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21
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia R, Wang M, Yin Z, Cheng A. Structure and function of capsid protein in flavivirus infection and its applications in the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Vet Res 2021; 52:98. [PMID: 34193256 PMCID: PMC8247181 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are enveloped single positive-stranded RNA viruses. The capsid (C), a structural protein of flavivirus, is dimeric and alpha-helical, with several special structural and functional features. The functions of the C protein go far beyond a structural role in virions. It is not only responsible for encapsidation to protect the viral RNA but also able to interact with various host proteins to promote virus proliferation. Therefore, the C protein plays an important role in infected host cells and the viral life cycle. Flaviviruses have been shown to affect the health of humans and animals. Thus, there is an urgent need to effectively control flavivirus infections. The structure of the flavivirus virion has been determined, but there is relatively little information about the function of the C protein. Hence, a greater understanding of the role of the C protein in viral infections will help to discover novel antiviral strategies and provide a promising starting point for the further development of flavivirus vaccines or therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcui Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Mlera L, Offerdahl DK, Dorward DW, Carmody A, Chiramel AI, Best SM, Bloom ME. The liver X receptor agonist LXR 623 restricts flavivirus replication. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1378-1389. [PMID: 34162308 PMCID: PMC8259867 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1947749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vector-borne flaviviruses (VBFVs) are well known for causing great misery and death in humans worldwide. The VBFVs include those transmitted by mosquitos, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus; and those transmitted by ticks including the tick-borne flavivirus serocomplex and Powassan virus (POWV). Two of our recent reports showed that intracranial POWV infection in the reservoir host, Peromyscus leucopus, was restricted and caused no overt clinical disease. Several modes of analyses suggested activation of the LXR pathway. Activation of the LXR pathway leads to increased efflux of cholesterol from cells and consequent disturbances in membrane biogenesis. Because VBFV replication is dependent on membrane biogenesis, we evaluated the effect of an LXR agonist (LXR623) on POWV and ZIKV infection and observed that the compound impaired permissive replication of both viruses in a human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell line. The LXR agonist resulted in failure of the viruses to induce ER expansion and elaborate vesicle formation, suggesting that the efflux of cholesterol was part of the antiviral mechanism. We also observed that the LXR agonist contributed to the mechanism of virus suppression by increased expression of mRNAs encoding for the antiviral cytokines CXCL10, RANTES and IFN1β. In sharp contrast, a LXR antagonist (GSK2033) had no significant effect on VBFV replication. We conclude that LXR623 impairs flavivirus replication by stimulating cellular antiviral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwanika Mlera
- Biology of Vector-Borne Viruses Section, Laboratory of Virology, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Danielle K Offerdahl
- Biology of Vector-Borne Viruses Section, Laboratory of Virology, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David W Dorward
- Microscopy Unit, Research Technologies Branch, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Abhilash I Chiramel
- Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Virology, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Virology, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Marshall E Bloom
- Biology of Vector-Borne Viruses Section, Laboratory of Virology, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
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23
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Olszewska-Parasiewicz J, Szarpak Ł, Rogula S, Gąsecka A, Szymańska U, Kwiatkowska M, Jaguszewski MJ, Sierpiński R, Zaczyński A, Wierzba W, Kosior DA. Statins in COVID-19 Therapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060565. [PMID: 34208435 PMCID: PMC8234902 DOI: 10.3390/life11060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylgultaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) are one of the main groups of drugs used in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases worldwide. They are widely available, cheap, and well-tolerated. Based on statins’ pleiotropic properties, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant properties, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, and inhibition of inflammatory responses, it can be hypothesized that the use of statins, at least as an adjuvant in antiviral therapy, may be justified. All these effects might be especially beneficial in patients with COVID-19, suffering from endothelial dysfunction, microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis, and cytokine storm. Here, we review the recent data regarding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 activity in host cells, proposed COVID-19 therapy, the pleiotropic activity of statins, and statins in clinical trials in respiratory infections. According to the guidelines of the European and American Cardiac Societies, in patients with cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk with concomitant COVID-19 it is recommended to continue statin treatment. However, the initiation of statin therapy de novo in COVID-19 treatment should only be done as part of a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Olszewska-Parasiewicz
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Białystok Oncology Centre, Ogrodowa 12, 15-027 Białystok, Poland
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Solidarnosci 12, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwester Rogula
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Urszula Szymańska
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Maria Kwiatkowska
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Milosz J. Jaguszewski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Radosław Sierpiński
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Zaczyński
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Waldemar Wierzba
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
- UHE Satellite Campus in Warsaw, University of Humanities and Economics in Łódź, Felińskego 15, 01-513 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz A. Kosior
- Central Clinical Hospital the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.O.-P.); (U.S.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (W.W.); (D.A.K.)
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Evidences for lipid involvement in SARS-CoV-2 cytopathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:263. [PMID: 33712574 PMCID: PMC7952828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be completely understood, and detailed SARS-CoV-2 cellular cytopathic effects requires definition. We performed a comparative ultrastructural study of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells and in lungs from deceased COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 induces rapid death associated with profound ultrastructural changes in Vero cells. Type II pneumocytes in lung tissue showed prominent altered features with numerous vacuoles and swollen mitochondria with presence of abundant lipid droplets. The accumulation of lipids was the most striking finding we observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, both in vitro and in the lungs of patients, suggesting that lipids can be involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Considering that in most cases, COVID-19 patients show alteration of blood cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis, our findings highlight a peculiar important topic that can suggest new approaches for pharmacological treatment to contrast the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2.
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25
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Loaiza-Cano V, Monsalve-Escudero LM, Filho CDSMB, Martinez-Gutierrez M, de Sousa DP. Antiviral Role of Phenolic Compounds against Dengue Virus: A Review. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010011. [PMID: 33374457 PMCID: PMC7823413 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have been related to multiple biological activities, and the antiviral effect of these compounds has been demonstrated in several viral models of public health concern. In this review, we show the antiviral role of phenolic compounds against dengue virus (DENV), the most widespread arbovirus globally that, after its re-emergence, has caused multiple epidemic outbreaks, especially in the last two years. Twenty phenolic compounds with anti-DENV activity are discussed, including the multiple mechanisms of action, such as those directed against viral particles or viral proteins, host proteins or pathways related to the productive replication viral cycle and the spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Loaiza-Cano
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (L.M.M.-E.)
| | - Laura Milena Monsalve-Escudero
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (L.M.M.-E.)
| | | | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (L.M.M.-E.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-G.); (D.P.d.S.); Tel.: +57-310-543-8583 (M.M.-G.); +55-833-216-7347 (D.P.d.S.)
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, CEP 58051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.M.-G.); (D.P.d.S.); Tel.: +57-310-543-8583 (M.M.-G.); +55-833-216-7347 (D.P.d.S.)
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26
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Dias SSG, Soares VC, Ferreira AC, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Temerozo JR, Teixeira L, Nunes da Silva MA, Barreto E, Mattos M, de Freitas CS, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Manso PPA, Miranda MD, Siqueira MM, Hottz ED, Pão CRR, Bou-Habib DC, Barreto-Vieira DF, Bozza FA, Souza TML, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009127. [PMID: 33326472 PMCID: PMC7773323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that make use of the host metabolic machineries to meet their biosynthetic needs. Thus, identifying the host pathways essential for the virus replication may lead to potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The mechanisms and pathways explored by SARS-CoV-2 to support its replication within host cells are not fully known. Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles with major functions in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis and intracellular transport, and have multiple roles in infections and inflammation. Here we described that monocytes from COVID-19 patients have an increased LD accumulation compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative donors. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection were seen to modulate pathways of lipid synthesis and uptake as monitored by testing for CD36, SREBP-1, PPARγ, and DGAT-1 expression in monocytes and triggered LD formation in different human cell lines. LDs were found in close apposition with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and double-stranded (ds)-RNA in infected Vero cells. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells show viral particles colocalizing with LDs, suggestive that LDs might serve as an assembly platform. Pharmacological modulation of LD formation by inhibition of DGAT-1 with A922500 significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication as well as reduced production of mediators pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, we demonstrate the essential role of lipid metabolic reprograming and LD formation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, opening new opportunities for therapeutic strategies to COVID-19. In spite of the enormous scientific efforts to understand mechanisms of SARS-CoV2-induced disease and to develop strategies to control COVID-19 pandemic, many aspects of SARS-CoV2 biology and pathogenesis remain elusive. Several RNA viruses are able to modulate the host lipid metabolism and to recruit LDs to enhance their replication/particle assembling capacity through mechanisms that vary according to the virus and the host cell infected. The mechanisms and pathways explored by SARS-CoV-2 to support its replication within host cells are still largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that lipid droplets (LDs) participate in SARS-CoV2 infection favoring virus replication and heightening inflammatory mediator production. SARS-CoV2 infection increased the expression of key proteins in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the amounts of LDs per cell. In addition, we have found SARS-CoV2 and/or its components associated with LDs in infected cells, suggestive that LDs are recruited as part of replication compartment. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of DGAT-1, a key enzyme for LD formation, reduces SARS-CoV2 replication, inflammatory mediator production and cell death. Our findings contribute to unveil the complex mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 make use of cellular metabolism and organelles to coordinate different steps of the viral replication cycle and host immunity, opening new perspectives for SARS-CoV2 antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo and Instituto National de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação (INCT/NIM), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Nunes da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester Barreto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Caroline S. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isaclaudia G. Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo A. Manso
- Laboratorio de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milene D. Miranda
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Imunotrombose, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila R. R. Pão
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dumith C. Bou-Habib
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo and Instituto National de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação (INCT/NIM), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora F. Barreto-Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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27
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Winnard PT, Vesuna F, Raman V. Targeting host DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3X for treating viral infections. Antiviral Res 2020; 185:104994. [PMID: 33301755 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DDX3X or DDX3, a member of the DEAD (asp, glu, ala, asp) box RNA helicase family of proteins, is a multifunctional protein, which is usurped by several viruses and is vital to their production. To date, 18 species of virus from 12 genera have been demonstrated to be dependent on DDX3 for virulence. In addition, DDX3 has been shown to function within 7 of 10 subcellular regions that are involved in the metabolism of viruses. As such, due to its direct interaction with viral components across most or all stages of viral life cycles, DDX3 can be considered an excellent host target for pan-antiviral drug therapy and has been reported to be a possible broad-spectrum antiviral target. Along these lines, it has been demonstrated that treatment of virally infected cells with small molecule inhibitors of DDX3 blunts virion productions. On the other hand, DDX3 bolsters an innate immune response and viruses have evolved capacities to sequester or block DDX3, which dampens an innate immune response. Thus, enhancing DDX3 production or co-targeting direct viral products that interfere with DDX3's modulation of innate immunity would also diminish virion production. Here we review the evidence that supports the hypothesis that modulating DDX3's agonistic and antagonistic functions during viral infections could have an important impact on safely and efficiently subduing a broad-spectrum of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Winnard
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, USA
| | - Farhad Vesuna
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Correlation of host inflammatory cytokines and immune-related metabolites, but not viral NS1 protein, with disease severity of dengue virus infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237141. [PMID: 32764789 PMCID: PMC7413495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe dengue can be lethal caused by manifestations such as severe bleeding, fluid accumulation and organ impairment. This study aimed to investigate the role of dengue non-structural 1 (NS1) protein and host factors contributing to severe dengue. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing system was used to investigate the changes in barrier function of microvascular endothelial cells treated NS1 protein and serum samples from patients with different disease severity. Cytokines and metabolites profiles were assessed using a multiplex cytokine assay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry respectively. The findings showed that NS1 was able to induce the loss of barrier function in microvascular endothelium in a dose dependent manner, however, the level of NS1 in serum samples did not correlate with the extent of vascular leakage induced. Further assessment of host factors revealed that cytokines such as CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 and CXCL1, as well as adhesion molecule ICAM-1, that are involved in leukocytes infiltration were expressed higher in dengue patients in comparison to healthy individuals. In addition, metabolomics study revealed the presence of deregulated metabolites involved in the phospholipid metabolism pathway in patients with severe manifestations. In conclusion, disease severity in dengue virus infection did not correlate directly with NS1 level, but instead with host factors that are involved in the regulation of junctional integrity and phospholipid metabolism. However, as the studied population was relatively small in this study, these exploratory findings should be confirmed by expanding the sample size using an independent cohort to further establish the significance of this study.
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Abstract
Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant viruses. Recent genome-wide approaches, such as those employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or those using small molecule chemical inhibitors targeting the cellular "kinome," have been used successfully to identify cellular factors that can support virus replication. Since some of these cellular factors are critical for virus replication, but are dispensable for the host, they can serve as novel targets for antiviral drug development. In addition, potentiation of immune responses, regulation of cytokine storms, and modulation of epigenetic changes upon virus infections are also feasible approaches to control infections. Because it is less likely that viruses will mutate to replace missing cellular functions, the chance of generating drug-resistant mutants with host-targeted inhibitor approaches is minimized. However, drug resistance against some host-directed agents can, in fact, occur under certain circumstances, such as long-term selection pressure of a host-directed antiviral agent that can allow the virus the opportunity to adapt to use an alternate host factor or to alter its affinity toward the target that confers resistance. This review describes novel approaches for antiviral drug development with a focus on host-directed therapies and the potential mechanisms that may account for the acquisition of antiviral drug resistance against host-directed agents.
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Very-long-chain fatty acid metabolic capacity of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) promotes replication of hepatitis C virus and related flaviviruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4040. [PMID: 32132633 PMCID: PMC7055353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviridae infections represent a major global health burden. By deciphering mechanistic aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-host interactions, one could discover common strategy for inhibiting the replication of related flaviviruses. By elucidating the HCV interactome, we identified the 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) as a human hub of the very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis pathway and core interactor. Here we show that HSD17B12 knockdown (KD) impairs HCV replication and reduces virion production. Mechanistically, depletion of HSD17B12 induces alterations in VLCFA-containing lipid species and a drastic reduction of lipid droplets (LDs) that play a critical role in virus assembly. Oleic acid supplementation rescues viral RNA replication and production of infectious particles in HSD17B12 depleted cells, supporting a specific role of VLCFA in HCV life cycle. Furthermore, the small-molecule HSD17B12 inhibitor, INH-12, significantly reduces replication and infectious particle production of HCV as well as dengue virus and Zika virus revealing a conserved requirement across Flaviviridae virus family. Overall, the data provide a strong rationale for the advanced evaluation of HSD17B12 inhibition as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral strategy for the treatment of Flaviviridae infections.
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Labyrinthopeptins Exert Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity through Lipid-Binding-Mediated Virolysis. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01471-19. [PMID: 31666384 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01471-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To counteract the serious health threat posed by known and novel viral pathogens, drugs that target a variety of viruses through a common mechanism have attracted recent attention due to their potential in treating (re)emerging infections, for which direct-acting antivirals are not available. We found that labyrinthopeptins A1 and A2, the prototype congeners of carbacyclic lanthipeptides, inhibit the proliferation of diverse enveloped viruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, hepatitis C virus, chikungunya virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus, in the low micromolar to nanomolar range. Mechanistic studies on viral particles revealed that labyrinthopeptins induce a virolytic effect through binding to the viral membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). These effects are enhanced by a combined equimolar application of both labyrinthopeptins, and a clear synergism was observed across a concentration range corresponding to 10% to 90% inhibitory concentrations of the compounds. Time-resolved experiments with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) reveal that membrane lipid raft compositions (phosphatidylcholine [PC]/PE/cholesterol/sphingomyelin at 17:10:33:40) are particularly sensitive to labyrinthopeptins in comparison to PC/PE (90:10) LUVs, even though the overall PE amount remains constant. Labyrinthopeptins exhibited low cytotoxicity and had favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice (half-life [t 1/2] = 10.0 h), which designates them promising antiviral compounds acting by an unusual viral lipid targeting mechanism.IMPORTANCE For many viral infections, current treatment options are insufficient. Because the development of each antiviral drug is time-consuming and expensive, the prospect of finding broad-spectrum antivirals that can fight multiple, diverse viruses-well-known viruses as well as (re)emerging species-has gained attention, especially for the treatment of viral coinfections. While most known broad-spectrum agents address processes in the host cell, we found that targeting lipids of the free virus outside the host cell with the natural products labyrinthopeptin A1 and A2 is a viable strategy to inhibit the proliferation of a broad range of viruses from different families, including chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and cytomegalovirus. Labyrinthopeptins bind to viral phosphatidylethanolamine and induce virolysis without exerting cytotoxicity on host cells. This represents a novel and unusual mechanism to tackle medically relevant viral infections.
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Vial T, Tan WL, Wong Wei Xiang B, Missé D, Deharo E, Marti G, Pompon J. Dengue virus reduces AGPAT1 expression to alter phospholipids and enhance infection in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008199. [PMID: 31815960 PMCID: PMC6922471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the world population is at risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection because of the global distribution of its mosquito vectors. DENV is an envelope virus that relies on host lipid membranes for its life-cycle. Here, we characterized how DENV hijacks the mosquito lipidome to identify targets for novel transmission-blocking interventions. To describe metabolic changes throughout the mosquito DENV cycle, we deployed a Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) workflow including spectral similarity annotation in cells, midguts and whole mosquitoes at different times post infection. We revealed a major aminophospholipid reconfiguration with an overall early increase, followed by a reduction later in the cycle. We phylogenetically characterized acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) enzyme isoforms to identify those that catalyze a rate-limiting step in phospholipid biogenesis, the acylation of lysophosphatidate to phosphatidate. We showed that DENV infection decreased AGPAT1, but did not alter AGPAT2 expression in cells, midguts and mosquitoes. Depletion of either AGPAT1 or AGPAT2 increased aminophospholipids and partially recapitulated DENV-induced reconfiguration before infection in vitro. However, only AGPAT1 depletion promoted infection by maintaining high aminophospholipid concentrations. In mosquitoes, AGPAT1 depletion also partially recapitulated DENV-induced aminophospholipid increase before infection and enhanced infection by maintaining high aminophospholipid concentrations. These results indicate that DENV inhibition of AGPAT1 expression promotes infection by increasing aminophospholipids, as observed in the mosquito's early DENV cycle. Furthermore, in AGPAT1-depleted mosquitoes, we showed that enhanced infection was associated with increased consumption/redirection of aminophospholipids. Our study suggests that DENV regulates aminophospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, by inhibiting AGPAT1 expression to increase aminophospholipid availability for virus multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vial
- UMR 152 PHARMADEV-IRD, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wei-Lian Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 PHARMADEV-IRD, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- UMR 152 PHARMADEV-IRD, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Sanaki T, Wakabayashi M, Yoshioka T, Yoshida R, Shishido T, Hall WW, Sawa H, Sato A. Inhibition of dengue virus infection by 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol in vitro. FASEB J 2019; 33:13866-13881. [PMID: 31638831 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). Despite the significant public health concerns posed by DENV, there are currently no effective anti-DENV therapeutic agents. To develop such drugs, a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of DENV infection is needed. Both lipid metabolism and lipid synthesis are activated in DENV-infected cells, so we used lipid screening to identify potential antiviral lipid molecules. We identified 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol (SAPI), which is the most abundant endogenous phosphatidylinositol (PI) molecular species, as an anti-DENV lipid molecule. SAPI suppressed the cytopathic effects induced by DENV2 infection as well as the replication of all DENV serotypes without inhibiting the entry of DENV2 into host cells. However, no other PI molecular species or PI metabolites, including lysophosphatidylinositols and phosphoinositides, displayed anti-DENV2 activity. Furthermore, SAPI suppressed the production of DENV2 infection-induced cytokines and chemokines, including C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5, CCL20, C-X-C chemokine ligand 8, IL-6, and IFN-β. SAPI also suppressed the TNF-α production induced by LPS stimulation in macrophage cells differentiated from THP-1 cells. Our results demonstrated that SAPI is an endogenous inhibitor of DENV and modulated inflammatory responses in DENV2-infected cells, at least in part via TLR 4.-Sanaki, T., Wakabayashi, M., Yoshioka, T., Yoshida, R., Shishido, T., Hall, W. W., Sawa, H., Sato, A. Inhibition of dengue virus infection by 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sanaki
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Wakabayashi
- Biomarker Research and Development Department, Shionogi and Company, Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshioka
- Biomarker Research and Development Department, Shionogi and Company, Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Shishido
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (Gi-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and.,Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (Gi-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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34
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Serine protease inhibitor AEBSF reduces dengue virus infection via decreased cholesterol synthesis. Virus Res 2019; 271:197672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Mayer KA, Stöckl J, Zlabinger GJ, Gualdoni GA. Hijacking the Supplies: Metabolism as a Novel Facet of Virus-Host Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1533. [PMID: 31333664 PMCID: PMC6617997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral replication is a process that involves an extremely high turnover of cellular molecules. Since viruses depend on the host cell to obtain the macromolecules needed for their proper replication, they have evolved numerous strategies to shape cellular metabolism and the biosynthesis machinery of the host according to their specific needs. Technologies for the rigorous analysis of metabolic alterations in cells have recently become widely available and have greatly expanded our knowledge of these crucial host–pathogen interactions. We have learned that most viruses enhance specific anabolic pathways and are highly dependent on these alterations. Since uninfected cells are far more plastic in their metabolism, targeting of the virus-induced metabolic alterations is a promising strategy for specific antiviral therapy and has gained great interest recently. In this review, we summarize the current advances in our understanding of metabolic adaptations during viral infections, with a particular focus on the utilization of this information for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jiménez de Oya N, Esler WP, Huard K, El-Kattan AF, Karamanlidis G, Blázquez AB, Ramos-Ibeas P, Escribano-Romero E, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Casas J, Sobrino F, Hoehn K, James DE, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Saiz JC, Martín-Acebes MA. Targeting host metabolism by inhibition of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase reduces flavivirus infection in mouse models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:624-636. [PMID: 30999821 PMCID: PMC6493301 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1604084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are (re)-emerging RNA viruses strictly dependent on lipid metabolism for infection. In the search for host targeting antivirals, we explored the effect of pharmacological modulation of fatty acid metabolism during flavivirus infection. Considering the central role of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) on fatty acid metabolism, we analyzed the effect of three small-molecule ACC inhibitors (PF-05175157, PF-05206574, and PF-06256254) on the infection of medically relevant flaviviruses, namely West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus, and Zika virus. Treatment with these compounds inhibited the multiplication of the three viruses in cultured cells. PF-05175157 induced a reduction of the viral load in serum and kidney in WNV-infected mice, unveiling its therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic kidney disease associated with persistent WNV infection. This study constitutes a proof of concept of the reliability of ACC inhibitors to become viable antiviral candidates. These results support the repositioning of metabolic inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - William P Esler
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Kim Huard
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | | | - Georgios Karamanlidis
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA.,h Present address: Cardiometabolic Disorders Amgen Discovery Research , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , USA
| | - Ana-Belén Blázquez
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Estela Escribano-Romero
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrés Louloudes-Lázaro
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- d Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry , Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBEREHD , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- e Department of Virology and Microbiology , Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Kyle Hoehn
- f School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - David E James
- g Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School , University of Sydney , Australia
| | | | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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37
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Episcopio D, Aminov S, Benjamin S, Germain G, Datan E, Landazuri J, Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. Atorvastatin restricts the ability of influenza virus to generate lipid droplets and severely suppresses the replication of the virus. FASEB J 2019; 33:9516-9525. [PMID: 31125254 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900428rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus causes infected cells to generate large numbers of lipid droplets. Because the virus envelope contains substantial cholesterol, we applied atorvastatin (ATV) to Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells before infecting them. Five micromolars ATV, within physiologic range, strongly (>95%) inhibits reproduction of influenza A as measured by PCR of viral RNA, plaque assay for viable virus, and production of virus nucleoprotein (NP). Inhibition of any of the following can suppress formation of lipid droplets (>-50%) but does not interfere with the production of NP: endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, or production of reactive oxygen substances (ROS). We conclude that, regardless of whether this widely used statin, which is generally considered to be safe, can prevent infection or minimize its severity, inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase pathway to protect against infection by influenza virus or to mitigate its severity warrants further exploration.-Episcopio, D., Aminov, S., Benjamin, S., Germain, G., Datan, E., Landazuri, J., Lockshin, R. A., Zakeri, Z. Atorvastatin restricts the ability of influenza virus to generate lipid droplets and severely suppresses the replication of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Episcopio
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Aminov
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Shawna Benjamin
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Gabrielle Germain
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuel Datan
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Joselyn Landazuri
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
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Byers NM, Fleshman AC, Perera R, Molins CR. Metabolomic Insights into Human Arboviral Infections: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:E225. [PMID: 30845653 PMCID: PMC6466193 DOI: 10.3390/v11030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of arboviral diseases and the limited success in controlling them calls for innovative methods to understand arbovirus infections. Metabolomics has been applied to detect alterations in host physiology during infection. This approach relies on mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate how perturbations in biological systems alter metabolic pathways, allowing for differentiation of closely related conditions. Because viruses heavily depend on host resources and pathways, they present unique challenges for characterizing metabolic changes. Here, we review the literature on metabolomics of arboviruses and focus on the interpretation of identified molecular features. Metabolomics has revealed biomarkers that differentiate disease states and outcomes, and has shown similarities in metabolic alterations caused by different viruses (e.g., lipid metabolism). Researchers investigating such metabolomic alterations aim to better understand host⁻virus dynamics, identify diagnostically useful molecular features, discern perturbed pathways for therapeutics, and guide further biochemical research. This review focuses on lessons derived from metabolomics studies on samples from arbovirus-infected humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Byers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - Amy C Fleshman
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - Rushika Perera
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1692, USA.
| | - Claudia R Molins
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
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Effect of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir on lipid profile, glycemic control and quality of life index in chronic hepatitis C, genotype 3 patients. Indian J Gastroenterol 2019; 38:39-43. [PMID: 30710219 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-019-00935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of hepatitis C has progressed from interferon-based therapy to oral direct acting antiviral therapy. Deranged lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride) after treatment with interferon-based therapy are well known. There is a paucity of data on changes in lipid profile, glycemic parameters and alteration in quality of life with the newer regimen. This study was designed to assess the changes in lipid profile, glycemic parameters, quality of life in chronic hepatitis C patients with genotype 3 after treatment with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir. METHODS The study was a single-centre, prospective study, conducted at tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Fifty patients, who received sofosbuvir (400 mg) and daclatasvir (60 mg) orally once daily for a period of 12 weeks for chronic hepatitis C and genotype 3, were recruited. RESULTS Total cholesterol levels (166.9 ± 23.8 to 192.4 ± 34.5 mg/dL, p-value < 0.0001) and low-density cholesterol (LDL) levels (100.9 ± 22.8 to 121.6 ± 37.2, p-value < 0.0001) were elevated after the treatment. A significant decrease in median levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was observed (5.57% to 5.41%, p-value < 0.002). Quality of life markedly improved in all domains, i.e. physical, physiological, environmental, and social relationships according to an abbreviated form of World Health Organization quality of life assessment named WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Treatment was found to be effective with sustained virological response (SVR) achieved in 94% patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a substantial increment in total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment though it achieved SVR in 94% of patients and improved their quality of life.
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Alazard-Dany N, Denolly S, Boson B, Cosset FL. Overview of HCV Life Cycle with a Special Focus on Current and Possible Future Antiviral Targets. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010030. [PMID: 30621318 PMCID: PMC6356578 DOI: 10.3390/v11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver diseases worldwide and a major health concern that affects an estimated 3% of the global population. Novel therapies available since 2014 and 2017 are very efficient and the WHO considers HCV eradication possible by the year 2030. These treatments are based on the so-called direct acting antivirals (DAAs) that have been developed through research efforts by academia and industry since the 1990s. After a brief overview of the HCV life cycle, we describe here the functions of the different targets of current DAAs, the mode of action of these DAAs and potential future inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Alazard-Dany
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Solène Denolly
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
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Ezetimibe inhibits dengue virus infection in Huh-7 cells by blocking the cholesterol transporter Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 receptor. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:151-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pinkham C, Ahmed A, Bracci N, Narayanan A, Kehn-Hall K. Host-based processes as therapeutic targets for Rift Valley fever virus. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:64-78. [PMID: 30316916 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an enveloped, segmented, negative sense RNA virus that replicates within the host's cytoplasm. To facilitate its replication, RVFV must utilize host cell processes and as such, these processes may serve as potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes key host cell processes impacted by RVFV infection. Specifically the influence of RVFV on host transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, protein half-life and availability, host signal transduction, trafficking and secretory pathways, cytoskeletal modulation, and mitochondrial processes and oxidative stress are discussed. Therapeutics targeted towards host processes that are essential for RVFV to thrive as well as their efficacy and importance to viral pathogenesis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Pinkham
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Nicole Bracci
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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Saiz JC, Oya NJD, Blázquez AB, Escribano-Romero E, Martín-Acebes MA. Host-Directed Antivirals: A Realistic Alternative to Fight Zika Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090453. [PMID: 30149598 PMCID: PMC6163279 DOI: 10.3390/v10090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, was an almost neglected pathogen until its introduction in the Americas in 2015, where it has been responsible for a threat to global health, causing a great social and sanitary alarm due to its increased virulence, rapid spread, and an association with severe neurological and ophthalmological complications. Currently, no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV is available, and treatments are palliative and mainly directed toward the relief of symptoms, such as fever and rash, by administering antipyretics, anti-histamines, and fluids for dehydration. Nevertheless, lately, search for antivirals has been a major aim in ZIKV investigations. To do so, screening of libraries from different sources, testing of natural compounds, and repurposing of drugs with known antiviral activity have allowed the identification of several antiviral candidates directed to both viral (structural proteins and enzymes) and cellular elements. Here, we present an updated review of current knowledge about anti-ZIKV strategies, focusing on host-directed antivirals as a realistic alternative to combat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana-Belén Blázquez
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estela Escribano-Romero
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Direct Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) by PF-06409577 Inhibits Flavivirus Infection through Modification of Host Cell Lipid Metabolism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00360-18. [PMID: 29712653 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00360-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a group of RNA viruses that constitute global threats for human and animal health. Replication of these pathogens is strictly dependent on cellular lipid metabolism. We have evaluated the effect of the pharmacological activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of lipid metabolism, on the infection of three medically relevant flaviviruses, namely, West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). WNV is responsible for recurrent outbreaks of meningitis and encephalitis, affecting humans and horses worldwide. ZIKV has caused a recent pandemic associated with birth defects (microcephaly), reproductive disorders, and severe neurological complications (Guillain-Barré syndrome). DENV is the etiological agent of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease, which can induce a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. Our results showed, for the first time, that activation of AMPK using the specific small molecule activator PF-06409577 reduced WNV, ZIKV, and DENV infection. This antiviral effect was associated with an impairment of viral replication due to the modulation of host cell lipid metabolism exerted by the compound. These results support that the pharmacological activation of AMPK, which currently constitutes an important pharmacological target for human diseases, could also provide a feasible approach for broad-spectrum host-directed antiviral discovery.
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Hu L, Li J, Cai H, Yao W, Xiao J, Li YP, Qiu X, Xia H, Peng T. Avasimibe: A novel hepatitis C virus inhibitor that targets the assembly of infectious viral particles. Antiviral Res 2017; 148:5-14. [PMID: 29074218 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which target hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins, have exhibited impressive efficacy in the management of chronic hepatitis C. However, the concerns regarding high costs, drug resistance mutations and subsequent unexpected side effects still call for the development of host-targeting agents (HTAs) that target host factors involved in the viral life cycle and exhibit pan-genotypic antiviral activity. Given the close relationship between lipid metabolism and the HCV life cycle, we investigated the anti-HCV activity of a series of lipid-lowering drugs that have been approved by government administrations or proven safety in clinical trials. Our results showed that avasimibe, an inhibitor of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), exhibited marked pan-genotypic inhibitory activity and superior inhibition against HCV when combined with DAAs. Moreover, avasimibe significantly impaired the assembly of infectious HCV virions. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that avasimibe induced downregulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression, resulting in reduced apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein B secretion. Therefore, the pan-genotypic antiviral activity and clinically proven safety endow avasimibe exceptional potential as a candidate for combination therapy with DAAs. In addition, the discovery of the antiviral properties of ACAT inhibitors also suggests that inhibiting the synthesis of cholesteryl esters might be an additional target for the therapeutic intervention for chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Hu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jinqian Li
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wenxia Yao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Huimin Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Oleic acid Enhances Dengue Virus But Not Dengue Virus-Like Particle Production from Mammalian Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:385-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Antiviral Activity of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid and Its Derivative Tetra- O-Methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid against West Nile Virus and Zika Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00376-17. [PMID: 28507114 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00376-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses distributed all over the world that infect millions of people every year and for which no specific antiviral agents have been approved. These viruses include the mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV), which is responsible for outbreaks of meningitis and encephalitis. Considering that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) has been previously shown to inhibit the multiplication of the related dengue virus and hepatitis C virus, we have evaluated the effect of NDGA, and its methylated derivative tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N), on the infection of WNV. Both compounds inhibited the infection of WNV, likely by impairing viral replication. Since flavivirus multiplication is highly dependent on host cell lipid metabolism, the antiviral effect of NDGA has been previously related to its ability to disturb the lipid metabolism, probably by interfering with the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) pathway. Remarkably, we observed that other structurally unrelated inhibitors of the SREBP pathway, such as PF-429242 and fatostatin, also reduced WNV multiplication, supporting that the SREBP pathway may constitute a druggable target suitable for antiviral intervention against flavivirus infection. Moreover, treatment with NDGA, M4N, PF-429242, and fatostatin also inhibited the multiplication of the mosquito-borne flavivirus Zika virus (ZIKV), which has been recently associated with birth defects (microcephaly) and neurological disorders. Our results point to SREBP inhibitors, such as NDGA and M4N, as potential candidates for further antiviral development against medically relevant flaviviruses.
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Soto-Acosta R, Bautista-Carbajal P, Cervantes-Salazar M, Angel-Ambrocio AH, del Angel RM. DENV up-regulates the HMG-CoA reductase activity through the impairment of AMPK phosphorylation: A potential antiviral target. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006257. [PMID: 28384260 PMCID: PMC5383345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. Changes of lipid-related metabolites in endoplasmic reticulum of dengue virus (DENV) infected cells have been associated with replicative complexes formation. Previously, we reported that DENV infection inhibits HMGCR phosphorylation generating a cholesterol-enriched cellular environment in order to favor viral replication. In this work, using enzymatic assays, ELISA, and WB we found a significant higher activity of HMGCR in DENV infected cells, associated with the inactivation of AMPK. AMPK activation by metformin declined the HMGCR activity suggesting that AMPK inactivation mediates the enhanced activity of HMGCR. A reduction on AMPK phosphorylation activity was observed in DENV infected cells at 12 and 24 hpi. HMGCR and cholesterol co-localized with viral proteins NS3, NS4A and E, suggesting a role for HMGCR and AMPK activity in the formation of DENV replicative complexes. Furthermore, metformin and lovastatin (HMGCR inhibitor) altered this co-localization as well as replicative complexes formation supporting that active HMGCR is required for replicative complexes formation. In agreement, metformin prompted a significant dose-dependent antiviral effect in DENV infected cells, while compound C (AMPK inhibitor) augmented the viral genome copies and the percentage of infected cells. The PP2A activity, the main modulating phosphatase of HMGCR, was not affected by DENV infection. These data demonstrate that the elevated activity of HMGCR observed in DENV infected cells is mediated through AMPK inhibition and not by increase in PP2A activity. Interestingly, the inhibition of this phosphatase showed an antiviral effect in an HMGCR-independent manner. These results suggest that DENV infection increases HMGCR activity through AMPK inactivation leading to higher cholesterol levels in endoplasmic reticulum necessary for replicative complexes formation. This work provides new information about the mechanisms involved in host lipid metabolism during DENV replicative cycle and identifies new potential antiviral targets for DENV replication. DENV replicative complexes formation is associated with changes of lipid-related metabolites in endoplasmic reticulum, such as an increase in cholesterol synthesis. This increase correlates with a significant augment in the activity of HMGCoA reductase (the limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis), favoring a cholesterol-enriched cellular environment. The augment in the activity of the HMGCR observed in infected cells is caused by a decrease in the phosphorylation level of the HMGCR, associated with the inactivation of AMPK. In agreement, AMPK activation by metformin reduces HMGCR activity and affects viral replication. The role HMGCR and AMPK activity in DENV replicative complexes formation was confirmed by the co-localization of HMGCR and cholesterol with the viral proteins NS3, NS4A and E. Furthermore, metformin and lovastatin (HMGCR inhibitor) treatments altered this co-localization as well as replicative complexes formation supporting that active HMGCR is required for replicative complexes formation. The results show that during DENV infection, an increase in the HMGCR activity occurs through AMPK inactivation, leading to higher cholesterol levels in endoplasmic reticulum necessary for replicative complexes formation. This work provides new information about the mechanisms involved in host lipid metabolism during DENV replicative cycle and identifies potential new antiviral targets for DENV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Soto-Acosta
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., México
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Rosa M. del Angel
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., México
- * E-mail:
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Tongluan N, Ramphan S, Wintachai P, Jaresitthikunchai J, Khongwichit S, Wikan N, Rajakam S, Yoksan S, Wongsiriroj N, Roytrakul S, Smith DR. Involvement of fatty acid synthase in dengue virus infection. Virol J 2017; 14:28. [PMID: 28193229 PMCID: PMC5307738 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mosquito transmitted Dengue virus (DENV) remains a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries. Increasing evidence has suggested that during the infection process cellular lipids play important roles at several stages of the replication cycle. This study sought to characterize the changes in lipid metabolism gene expression and investigated the role of one enzyme, fatty acid synthase, in DENV infection. Methods Transcriptional profiles of genes associated with lipid metabolism were evaluated by real-time PCR after infection of different cell lines (HepG2 and HEK293T/17) and with different DENVs (laboratory adapted and low passage). Expression profiles of genes were evaluated by western blotting. A critical lipid metabolism protein, fatty acid synthase was down-regulated through siRNA and inhibited with orlistat and the effect on DENV infection determined by flow cytometry, plaque assay, western blotting and confocal microscopy. Results The results showed alterations of gene transcription and expression were seen in genes variously associated with lipogenesis, lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation during DENV infection. Interference of fatty acid synthase with either siRNA or orlistat had marked effects on virus production, with orlistat having an EC50 value of 10.07 μM at 24 h post infection. However, non-structural protein expression was largely unaffected. Conclusions While drug treatment reduced virus titer by up to 3Log10, no significant effect on DENV non-structural protein expression was observed, suggesting that fatty acid synthase acts through an effect on virion formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0685-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Tongluan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Ramphan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Phitchayapak Wintachai
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Khongwichit
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Supoth Rajakam
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sutee Yoksan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand.,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nuttaporn Wongsiriroj
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand. .,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand.
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Balasubramanian A, Teramoto T, Kulkarni AA, Bhattacharjee AK, Padmanabhan R. Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:141-150. [PMID: 27889529 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, twelve antimalarial compounds, amodiaquine (AQ) and derivatives, were shown to have potent anti-dengue viral (DENV) activity by using the stable DENV2 Renilla luciferase reporter replicon expressing BHK-21 cells, infectivity (plaque), and the qRT-PCR assays. In this study, we performed molecular modeling on these compounds to determine their stereo-electronic properties required for optimal antiviral activity. Based on the similarity of calculated stereo-electronic profiles, specifically the electrostatic potential profiles of the compounds, and in silico screening of related compounds from literature, we identified three additional compounds, Quinacrine (QC), Mefloquine (MQ), and GSK369796. Analysis of their antiviral activities indicated that all three compounds have high anti-DENV activity in the DENV2 replicon expressing cells with EC50 values of 5.30 ± 1.31 μM (QC), 3.22 ± 0.37 μM (MQ), and 5.06 ± 0.86 μM (GSK369796). The infectivity assays revealed the EC50 values of 7.09 ± 1.67 μM (QC), 4.36 ± 0.31 μM (MQ) and 3.03 ± 0.35 μM (GSK369796). The mode of action of these compounds is through inhibition of autophagy, thereby affecting DENV2 replication. Moreover, these compounds also showed antiviral activity against the rapidly emerging Zika virus (ZIKV) with EC50 values of 2.27 ± 0.14 μM (QC), 3.95 ± 0.21 μM (MQ), and 2.57 ± 0.09 μM (GSK369796).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tadahisa Teramoto
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Apurba K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
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