1
|
Wang Y, Qiu H, Chen S, Li D, Zhao X, Guo M, Li N, Chen C, Qin M, Zhou Y, Xiao D, Zhao J, Xu L. MicroRNA-7 deficiency ameliorates d-galactose-induced aging in mice by regulating senescence of Kupffer cells. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14145. [PMID: 38494663 PMCID: PMC11166366 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is intricately linked to immune system dysfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the biological function of microRNA-7 (miR-7) as a novel regulator of immune cell function and related diseases. However, the potential role of miR-7 in aging remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the contribution of miR-7 to d-gal-induced aging in mice, focusing on its regulation of senescent Kupffer cells. Our findings revealed that miR-7 deficiency significantly ameliorated the aging process, characterized by enhanced CD4+ T-cell activation. However, the adoptive transfer of miR-7-deficient CD4+T cells failed to improve the age-related phenotype. Further analysis showed that miR-7 deficiency significantly reduced IL-1β production in liver tissue, and inhibiting IL-1β in vivo slowed down the aging process in mice. Notably, IL-1β is mainly produced by senescent Kupffer cells in the liver tissue of aging mice, and miR-7 expression was significantly up-regulated in these cells. Mechanistically, KLF4, a target of miR-7, was down-regulated in senescent Kupffer cells in aging mouse model. Furthermore, miR-7 deficiency also modulated the NF-κB activation and IL-1β production in senescent Kupffer cells through KLF4. In conclusion, our findings unveil the role of miR-7 in d-gal-induced aging in mice, highlighting its regulation of KLF4/NF-κB/IL-1β pathways in senescent Kupffer cells. This research may enhance our understanding of miRNA-based aging immune cells and offer new avenues for new intervention strategies in aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- School of MedicineGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical PhysicsZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | | | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Wu D, Tian X, Chen B. From hepatitis B virus infection to acute-on-chronic liver failure: The dynamic role of hepatic macrophages. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13349. [PMID: 38441398 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a progressive disease that is associated with rapid worsening of clinical symptoms and high mortality. A multicentre prospective study from China demonstrated that patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) exhibited worse clinical characteristics and higher mortality rates compared to non-HBV-ACLF patients. Immune dysregulation is closely linked to the potential mechanisms of initiation and progression of ACLF. Innate immune response, which is represented by monocytes/macrophages, is up-regulated across ACLF development. This suggests that monocytes/macrophages play an essential role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of ACLF. Information that has been published in recent years shows that the immune status and function of monocytes/macrophages vary in ACLF precipitated by different chronic liver diseases. Monocytes/macrophages have an immune activation effect in hepatitis B-precipitated-ACLF, but they exhibit an immune suppression in cirrhosis-precipitated-ACLF. Therefore, this review aims to explain whether this difference affects the clinical outcome in HBV-ACLF patients as well as the mechanisms involved. We summarize the novel findings that highlight the dynamic polarization phenotype and functional status of hepatic macrophages from the stage of HBV infection to ACLF development. Moreover, we discuss how different HBV-related liver disease tissue microenvironments affect the phenotype and function of hepatic macrophages. In summary, increasing developments in understanding the differences in immune phenotype and functional status of hepatic macrophages in ACLF patients will provide new perspectives towards the effective restoration of ACLF immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Wu
- Department of Anorectal Surgical, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sattar AA, Qaiser A, Kausar H, Aqil S, Mudassar R, Manzoor S, Ashraf J. The potential of IFN-λ, IL-32γ, IL-6, and IL-22 as safeguards against human viruses: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1303115. [PMID: 38420119 PMCID: PMC10899505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the antiviral activity of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-22 (IL-22), interleukin-32 gamma (IL-32γ), and interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) in diverse populations. This study aims to evaluate the role of these cytokines in inhibition of various human and animal viruses when administered exogenously. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted on all the relevant studies from three databases. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of overall viral inhibition were used to generate the difference in the antiviral efficacy of these cytokines between control and experimental groups. A total of 4,618 abstracts for IL-6, 3,517 abstracts for IL-22, 2,160 abstracts for IL-32γ, and 1,026 abstracts for IFN-λ were identified, and 7, 4, 8, and 35 studies were included, respectively, for each cytokine. IFN-λ (SMD = 0.9540; 95% CI: 0.69-0.22) and IL-32γ (SMD = 0.459; 95% CI: 0.02-0.90) showed the highest influence followed by IL-6 (SMD = 0.456; CI: -0.04-0.95) and IL-22 (SMD = 0.244; 95% CI: -0.33-0.81). None of the cytokines represented heterogeneity (tau² > 0), but only IFN-λ indicated the funnel plot asymmetry (p = 0.0097). Results also indicated that IFN-λ and IL-32γ are more potent antivirals than IL-6 and IL-22. The collective findings of this study emphasize that exogenously administered pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically IFN-λ and IL-32, exhibit a significant antiviral activity, thereby underscoring them as potent antiviral agents. Nonetheless, additional research is required to ascertain their clinical utility and potential for integration into combinatorial therapeutic regimens against viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Sattar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Qaiser
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Kausar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Aqil
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Mudassar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ashraf
- Department of Community Dentistry, Islamabad Medical and Dental College (IMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu X, Luo H, Tan G, Li Y, Qin B. The expression of interleukin-1β in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with pegylated-interferon-alpha combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and monotherapy. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:163. [PMID: 37208599 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment uses tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) along with Pegylated-interferon-alpha (Peg-IFN-α), which is more effective than TDF/Peg-IFN-α monotherapy. We have previously shown that interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is related to the effectiveness of IFN-α treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The aim was to investigate the expression of IL-1β in CHB patients treated with Peg-IFN-α combination with TDF and TDF/Peg-IFN-α monotherapy. METHODS Huh7 cells infected with HBV were stimulated by Peg-IFN-α and/or Tenofovir (TFV) for 24h. A single-center cohort study of prospective recruitment of CHB patients: untreated CHB (Group A), TDF combined with Peg-IFN-α therapy (Group B), Peg-IFN-α monotherapy (Group C), TDF monotherapy (Group D). Normal donors served as controls. The clinical datas and blood of patients were collected at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. According to the early response criteria, Group B and C were divided into two subgroups: the early response group (ERG) and the non-early response group (NERG). Stimulation of HBV-infected hepatoma cells with IL-1β to validate the antiviral activity of IL-1β. To test the blood sample, cell culture supernatant, and cell lysates and to assess the expression of IL-1β and HBV replication levels in various treatment protocols, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used. SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software were used for statistical analysis. P values < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS In vitro experiments, Peg-IFN-α plus TFV treatment group expressed higher IL-1β and inhibited HBV more effectively than monotherapy. Finally, 162 cases were enrolled for observation (Group A (n = 45), Group B (n = 46), Group C (n = 39), and Group D (n = 32)), and normal donors (n = 20) were enrolled for control. The early virological response rates of Group B, C, and D were 58.7%, 51.3%, and 31.2%. At 24 weeks, IL-1β in Group B(P = 0.007) and C(P = 0.034) showed higher than at 0 week. In Group B, the IL-1β showed an upward trend at 12w and 24w in the ERG. IL-1β significantly reduced HBV replication levels in hepatoma cells. CONCLUSION The increased expression of IL-1β may enhance the efficacy of TDF combined with Peg-IFN-α therapy in achieving an early response for CHB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiying Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guili Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adugna A. Antigen Recognition and Immune Response to Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2159-2166. [PMID: 37223107 PMCID: PMC10202203 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s411492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigen recognition and immune response to acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are the result of both the innate and adaptive immune response. The innate immune response comprises Dendritic Cells (DCs), which served as professional antigen-presenting cells and a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, Kupffer cells and inflammatory monocytes for the continuous inflammation of hepatocyte, neutrophils for hepatic tissue damage due to acute inflammation, type I interferons (IFN), which induce an antiviral state on infected cells, directs natural killer (NK) cells to kill virally infected cells, reduces the population of infected cells, and promotes the effective maturation and site recruitment of adaptive immunity through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Through stimulating B cells, T-helper, and cytotoxic T cells, the adaptive immune system also protects against hepatitis B infection. During HBV infection, a network of cell types that can either play protective or harmful functions creates the anti-viral adaptive immune response. These many elements, such as Cluster of differentiation four (CD4) T cells (traditionally known as helper T cells), are potent cytokine producers and necessary for the effective maturation of effector cytotoxic cluster of differentiation eight (CD8) T cells and B cell antibody production. By cytolytic and non-cytolytic processes, CD8 T cells are able to eliminate HBV-infected hepatocytes and directly detect virus-infected cells, and circulating CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells for the modulation of immune system. In order to avoid reinfection, B cells can produce antibodies that destroy free viral particles. Moreover, by presenting HBV antigens to helper T cells, B cells may also influence how well these cells operate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adane Adugna
- Medical Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zoulim F, Testoni B. Eliminating cccDNA to cure hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2023; 78:677-680. [PMID: 36717025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM Unit 1052, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; Hepatology Institute of Lyon, France.
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM Unit 1052, France; Hepatology Institute of Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Durantel D. Therapies against chronic hepatitis B infections: The times they are a-changin', but the changing is slow! Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105515. [PMID: 36603773 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PREAMBULAR NOTA BENE As a tribute to Dr Mike Bray, the following review of literature willbe mainly based on published data andconcepts, but will also contain my personal views, and in this respect could be more considered as a bioassay. Even though a cost-effective and excellent prophylactic vaccine exists since many years to protect against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, academic-researcher/drug-developers/stakeholders are still busy with the R&D of novel therapies that could eventually have an impact on its worldwide incidence. The Taiwanese experience have univocally demonstrated the effectiveness of constrained national HBV prophylactic vaccination programs to prevent the most dramatic HBV-induced end-stage liver disease, which is hepatocellular carcinoma; but yet the number of individuals chronically infected with the virus, for whom the existing prophylactic vaccine is no longer useful, remains high, with around 300 million individuals around the globe. In this review/bioassay, recent findings and novel concepts on prospective therapies against HBV infections will be discussed; yet it does not have the pretention to be exhaustive, as "pure immunotherapeutic concepts" will be mainly let aside (or referred to other reviews) due to a lack of expertise of this writer, but also due to the lack of, or incremental, positive results in clinical trials as-off today with these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Durantel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, UMR_5308 CNRS-Université de Lyon (UCBL1), ENS de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang WX, Jia R, Jin XY, Li X, Zhou SN, Zhang XN, Zhou CB, Wang FS, Fu J. Serum cytokine change profile associated with HBsAg loss during combination therapy with PEG-IFN-α in NAs-suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121778. [PMID: 36756119 PMCID: PMC9899895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the profile of cytokine changes during the combination therapy with pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α) and its relationship with HBsAg loss in nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs)-suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods Seventy-six patients with chronic hepatitis B with HBsAg less than 1,500 IU/ml and HBV DNA negative after receiving ≥ 1-year NAs therapy were enrolled. Eighteen patients continued to take NAs monotherapy (the NAs group), and 58 patients received combination therapy with NAs and PEG-IFN-α (the Add-on group). The levels of IFNG, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL12A, IL17A, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10, TNF, and CSF2 in peripheral blood during treatment were detected. Results At week 48, 0.00% (0/18) in the NAs group and 25.86% (15/58) in the Add-on group achieved HBsAg loss. During 48 weeks of combined treatment, there was a transitory increase in the levels of ALT, IL1RN, IL2, and CCL2. Compared to the NAs group, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in the Add-on group remain higher after rising, yet CCL3 showed a continuously increasing trend. Mild and early increases in IL1B, CCL3, IL17A, IL2, IL4, IL6, and CXCL8 were associated with HBsAg loss or decrease >1 log, while sustained high levels of CCL5 and CXCL10 were associated with poor responses to Add-on therapy at week 48. Conclusions The serum cytokine change profile is closely related to the response to the combination therapy with PEG-IFN-α and NAs, and may help to reveal the mechanism of functional cure and discover new immunological predictors and new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 985th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Jin
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Nan Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Junliang Fu, ; Fu-Sheng Wang,
| | - Junliang Fu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Junliang Fu, ; Fu-Sheng Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies DDX60 as a Potential Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:8564650. [PMID: 36655136 PMCID: PMC9842429 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8564650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with strong heterogeneity, leading to variable clinical symptoms, which makes diagnosis and activity evaluation difficult. Methods The original dataset of GSE88884 was analyzed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SLE and the correlation between DEGs and clinical parameters (SLEDAI, anti-dsDNA, C3, and C4). The result was validated by microarray GSE121239 and SLE patients with RT-qPCR. Next, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, correlation analysis, and ordinal logistic regression were applied, respectively, to evaluate the capability of diagnosis and prediction of the candidate biomarker. Subsequently, the biological functions of the candidate biomarker were investigated through KEGG and GO enrichment, protein-protein interaction network, and the correlation matrix. Results A total of 283 DEGs were screened, and seven of them were overlapped with SLE-related genes. DDX60 was identified as the candidate biomarker. Analyses of GSE88884, GSE121239, and SLE patients with RT-qPCR indicated that DDX60 expression level is significantly higher in patients with high disease activity. ROC analysis and the area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.8818) suggested that DDX60 has good diagnostic performance. DDX60 expression level was positively correlated with SLEDAI scores (r = 0.24). For every 1-unit increase in DDX60 expression value, the odds of a higher stage of activity of SLE disease are multiplied by 1.47. The function of DDX60 mainly focuses on IFN-I-induced antiviral activities, RIG-I signaling, and innate immune. Moreover, DDX60 plays a synergistic role with DDX58, IFIH1, OASL, IFIT1, and other related genes in the SLE pathogenesis. Conclusions. DDX60 is differently expressed in SLE, and it is significantly related to both serological indicators and the disease activity of SLE. We suggested that DDX60 might be a potential biomarker for SLE diagnosis and management.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Qin Z, Yu Q, Huang Z, Cheng J, Zhong L, Liu Y, Xie J, Li Y, Chen J, Zhan R, Su Z. Anti-Inflammatory Activation of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex is Mediated by Berberine Erythrocytes Self-Assembly Targeted Delivery System. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4365-4383. [PMID: 36583113 PMCID: PMC9793729 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Berberine (BBR) is the primary active component of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC), which has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the discrepancy between its low bioavailability and significant therapeutic effect remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to explore the previously unsolved enigma of the low bioavailability of BBR and its appreciable anti-inflammatory effect to reveal the action mechanism of BBR and PCC. Methods The quantitative analysis of BBR and its metabolite oxyberberine (OBB) in blood and tissues was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the conversion and distribution of BBR/OBB mediated by erythrocytes. Routine blood tests and immunohistochemical staining were used to explore the potential relationship between the amounts of monocyte/macrophage and the drug concentration in erythrocytes and tissues (liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, muscle, brain and pancreas). To comparatively explore the anti-inflammatory effects of BBR and OBB, the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability mice model and lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were employed. Results Nearly 92% of BBR existed in the erythrocytes in rats. The partition coefficient of BBR between plasma and erythrocytes (Kp/b) decreased with time. OBB was found to be the oxidative metabolite of BBR in erythrocytes. Proportion of BBR/OBB in erythrocytes changed from 9.38% to 16.30% and from 13.50% to 46.24%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the BBR/OBB concentration in blood and monocyte depletion after a single administration of BBR. BBR/OBB was transported via erythrocytes to various tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart, etc), with the liver achieving the highest concentration. OBB exhibited similar anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo as BBR with much smaller dosage. Conclusion BBR was prodominantly found in erythrocytes, which was critically participated in the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and target delivery of BBR and its metabolite. The anti-inflammatory activity of BBR and PCC was intimately associated with the metabolism into the active congener OBB and the targeted delivery to monocytes/macrophages mediated by the erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ruoting Zhan; Ziren Su, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, no. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawagishi N, Suda G, Sakamori R, Matsui T, Onozawa M, Yang Z, Yoshida S, Ohara M, Kimura M, Kubo A, Maehara O, Fu Q, Hosoda S, Tokuchi Y, Suzuki K, Nakai M, Sho T, Morikawa K, Natsuizaka M, Ogawa K, Sakai H, Ohnishi S, Baba M, Takehara T, Sakamoto N. Serum IL-1β predicts de novo hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C, not during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16800. [PMID: 36207368 PMCID: PMC9546937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with resolved HBV infection. We evaluated the predictive factors, mechanical insight, and differences of cytokine levels during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive and DAA. Eleven, 35, and 19 HCV-infected patients with previous HBV infection with HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, previous HBV infection without HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, and without HBV infection resolution receiving DAA treatment, respectively, were enrolled. Clinical data and baseline cytokine levels were analyzed. Low baseline serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels predicted de novo HBV reactivation during DAA treatment (odds ratio: 47.6, 95% confidence interval: 6.94-333.3). HCV-infected patients with the IL-1β gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs16944 AA allele had significantly higher IL-1β levels; no HCV-infected patient with the IL-1β AA allele experienced HBV reactivation during DAA treatment. Compared to HCV-infected patients with HBV infection resolution, non-HCV infected patients with or without HBV reactivation during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy or bone marrow transplantation had remarkably lower baseline IL-1β levels. Low IL-1β levels were not associated with HBV reactivation. IL-1β levels before DAA for HCV-infected patients with resolved HBV infection could predict HBV reactivation during DAA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sonoe Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinori Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Qingjie Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hosoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakai
- Department of Hematology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Baba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Joo MS, Choi KM, Kang G, Woo WS, Kim KH, Sohn MY, Son HJ, Han HJ, Choi HS, Kim DH, Park CI. Red sea bream interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 expression, subcellular localization, and antiviral activity against red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:360-370. [PMID: 35868476 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is transcribed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in response to activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cytokine signalling and causes a rapid inflammatory response to infection. IL-8, also known as chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-8, is regulated by IL-1β and affects the chemotaxis of macrophages and neutrophils upon pathogen infection. In healthy red sea bream, rsbIL-1β is most highly distributed in the liver, and rsbIL-8 is most highly distributed in the head kidney. In response to RSIV infection, rsbIL-1β and rsbIL-8 mRNA are significantly upregulated in the kidney and spleen. This may be because the primary infection targets of RSIV are the kidney and spleen. In the gills, both genes were significantly upregulated at 7 days after RSIV infection and may be accompanied by a cytokine storm. In the liver, both genes were significantly downregulated at most observation points, which may be because the immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells expressing rsbIL-1β or rsbIL-8 migrated to other tissues because the degree of RSIV infection was relatively low. Using a GFP fusion protein, it was confirmed that rsbIL-1β and rsbIL-8 were localized to the cytoplasm of Pagrus major fin (PMF) cells. RsbIL-1β overexpression induced the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), myxovirus-resistance protein (Mx) 1, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and MyD88, while rsbIL-8 overexpression induced the expression of IFN-γ, Mx1, rsbIL-1β and TNF-α. In addition, overexpression of both genes significantly reduced the genome copies of RSIV and significantly reduced the viral titers. Therefore, rsbIL-1β and rsbIL-8 in red sea bream play an antiviral role against RSIV through their normal signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Joo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungsik Kang
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Woo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Sohn
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Son
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Han
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Choi
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Desmares M, Delphin M, Chardès B, Pons C, Riedinger J, Michelet M, Rivoire M, Verrier B, Salvetti A, Lucifora J, Durantel D. Insights on the antiviral mechanisms of action of the TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected hepatocytes. Antiviral Res 2022; 206:105386. [PMID: 35963549 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pegylated-interferon-alpha (Peg-IFNα), an injectable innate immune protein, is still used to treat chronically HBV-infected patients, despite its poor tolerability. Peg-IFNα has the advantage over nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) to be administrated in finite regimen and to lead to a higher HBsAg loss rate. Yet it would be interesting to improve the efficacy (i.e. while decreasing doses), or replace, this old medicine by novel small molecules/stimulators able to engage innate immune receptors in both HBV replicating hepatocytes and relevant innate immune cells. We have previously identified the Toll-Like-Receptor (TLR)-2 agonist Pam3CSK4 as such a potential novel immune stimulator. The aim of this study was to gain insights on the antiviral mechanisms of action of this agonist in in vitro cultivated human hepatocytes. DESIGN We used in vitro models of HBV-infected cells, based on both primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and the non-transformed HepaRG cell line to investigate the MoA of Pam3SCK4 and identify relevant combinations with other approved or investigational drugs. RESULTS We exhaustively described the inhibitory anti-HBV phenotypes induced by Pam3CSK4, which include a strong decrease in HBV RNA production (inhibition of synthesis and acceleration of decay) and cccDNA levels. We confirmed the long-lasting anti-HBV activity of this agonist, better described the kinetics of antiviral events, and demonstrated the specificity of action through the TLR1/2- NF-κB canonical-pathway. Moreover, we found that FEN-1 could be involved in the regulation and inhibitory phenotype on cccDNA levels. Finally, we identified the combination of Pam3CSK4 with IFNα or an investigational kinase inhibitor (called 1C8) as valuable strategies to reduce cccDNA levels and obtain a long-lasting anti-HBV effect in vitro. CONCLUSIONS TLR2 agonists represent possible assets to improve the rate of HBV cure in patients. Further evaluations, including regulatory toxicity studies, are warranted to move toward clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Desmares
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Delphin
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Brieux Chardès
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Pons
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Juliette Riedinger
- INSERM, U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS UMR_5305, University of Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang M, Lu C, Su L, Long F, Yang X, Guo X, Song G, An T, Chen W, Chen J. Toosendanin activates caspase-1 and induces maturation of IL-1β to inhibit type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication via an IFI16-dependent pathway. Vet Res 2022; 53:61. [PMID: 35906635 PMCID: PMC9334981 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen which causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Multiple vaccines have been developed to prevent PRRSV infection. However, they provide limited protection. Moreover, no effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral strategies to prevent PRRSV infection and transmission. Here we report that Toosendanin (TSN), a tetracyclic triterpene found in the bark or fruits of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., strongly suppressed type 2 PRRSV replication in vitro in Marc-145 cells and ex vivo in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of transcriptomics revealed that TSN up-regulated the expression of IFI16 in Marc-145 cells. Furthermore, we found that IFI16 silencing enhanced the replication of PRRSV in Marc-145 cells and that the anti-PRRSV activity of TSN was dampened by IFI16 silencing, suggesting that the inhibition of TSN against PRRSV replication is IFI16-dependent. In addition, we showed that TSN activated caspase-1 and induced maturation of IL-1β in an IFI16-dependent pathway. To verify the role of IL-1β in PRRSV infection, we analyzed the effect of exogenous rmIL-1β on PRRSV replication, and the results showed that exogenous IL-1β significantly inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells and PAMs in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings indicate that TSN significantly inhibits PRRSV replication at very low concentrations (EC50: 0.16–0.20 μM) and may provide opportunities for developing novel anti-PRRSV agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunni Lu
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Lizhan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feixiang Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zaki MYW, Fathi AM, Samir S, Eldafashi N, William KY, Nazmy MH, Fathy M, Gill US, Shetty S. Innate and Adaptive Immunopathogeneses in Viral Hepatitis; Crucial Determinants of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1255. [PMID: 35267563 PMCID: PMC8909759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections remain the most common risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their heterogeneous distribution influences the global prevalence of this common type of liver cancer. Typical hepatitis infection elicits various immune responses within the liver microenvironment, and viral persistence induces chronic liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. HBV is directly mutagenic but can also cause low-grade liver inflammation characterized by episodes of intermittent high-grade liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which can progress to decompensated liver disease and HCC. Equally, the absence of key innate and adaptive immune responses in chronic HCV infection dampens viral eradication and induces an exhausted and immunosuppressive liver niche that favors HCC development and progression. The objectives of this review are to (i) discuss the epidemiological pattern of HBV and HCV infections, (ii) understand the host immune response to acute and chronic viral hepatitis, and (iii) explore the link between this diseased immune environment and the development and progression of HCC in preclinical models and HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Y. W. Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61732, Egypt; (A.M.F.); (N.E.); (M.H.N.); (M.F.)
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ahmed M. Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61732, Egypt; (A.M.F.); (N.E.); (M.H.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Samara Samir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Nardeen Eldafashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61732, Egypt; (A.M.F.); (N.E.); (M.H.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kerolis Y. William
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
| | - Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61732, Egypt; (A.M.F.); (N.E.); (M.H.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61732, Egypt; (A.M.F.); (N.E.); (M.H.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Upkar S. Gill
- Barts Liver Centre, Centre for Immunobiology, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Shishir Shetty
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020373. [PMID: 35215970 PMCID: PMC8874586 DOI: 10.3390/v14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral evolution and adaptation, many viruses have utilized host cellular factors and machinery as their partners. HBx, as a multifunctional viral protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), promotes HBV replication and greatly contributes to the development of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx interacts with several host factors in order to regulate HBV replication and evolve carcinogenesis. The cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major factor that functions in a variety of cellular pathways and specifically in apoptosis. It has been shown that the interaction between HBx and c-FLIP determines HBV fate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the interplay between c-FLIP and HBV in various environmental circumstances. We describe strategies adapted by HBV to establish its chronic infection. We also summarize the conventional roles of c-FLIP and highlight the functional outcome of the interaction between c-FLIP and HBV or other viruses in viral replication and the innate immune system.
Collapse
|
17
|
Inhibitory Effect of IL-1β on HBV and HDV Replication and HBs Antigen-Dependent Modulation of Its Secretion by Macrophages. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010065. [PMID: 35062269 PMCID: PMC8781515 DOI: 10.3390/v14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) leads to the most aggressive form of viral hepatitis. Using in vitro infection models, we confirmed that IL-1β, a crucial innate immune molecule for pathogen control, was very potent against HBV from different genotypes. Additionally, we demonstrated for the first time a strong and rapid antiviral effect induced by very low doses of IL-1β against HDV. In parallel, using co-culture assays, we demonstrated that monocytes exposed to HBV, and in particular to HBsAg, during differentiation into pro-inflammatory macrophages secreted less IL-1β. Altogether, our data emphasize the importance of developing combined antiviral strategies that would, for instance, reduce the secretion of HBsAg and stimulate the immune system to produce endogenous IL-1β efficient against both HBV and HDV.
Collapse
|
18
|
Delphin M, Desmares M, Schuehle S, Heikenwalder M, Durantel D, Faure-Dupuy S. How to get away with liver innate immunity? A viruses' tale. Liver Int 2021; 41:2547-2559. [PMID: 34520597 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In their never-ending quest towards persistence within their host, hepatitis viruses have developed numerous ways to counteract the liver innate immunity. This review highlights the different and common mechanisms employed by these viruses to (i) establish in the liver (passive entry or active evasion from immune recognition) and (ii) actively inhibit the innate immune response (ie modulation of pattern recognition receptor expression and/or signalling pathways, modulation of interferon response and modulation of immune cells count or phenotype).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delphin
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Manon Desmares
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Svenja Schuehle
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France.,DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence, Lyon, France
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Watanabe T, Inoue T, Tanaka Y. Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and New Therapies for Hepatitis B. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102083. [PMID: 34683404 PMCID: PMC8537336 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is an unprecedented novel HBV biomarker that plays an essential role in reflecting covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) because its levels correlate with intrahepatic cccDNA and serum HBV DNA. In this review, we describe the clinical application of serum HBcrAg in CHB patients, with a particular focus on new therapies targeting intrahepatic HBV replication. (1) HBcrAg can be detected in clinical cases where serum HBV DNA is undetectable during anti-HBV therapy. (2) A highly sensitive HBcrAg assay (iTACT-HBcrAg) may be useful for monitoring HBV reactivation, as an alternative to HBV DNA. (3) Decreased HBcrAg levels have been significantly associated with promising outcomes in CHB patients, reducing the risk of progression or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, we focus on and discuss several drugs in development that target HBV replication, and monitoring HBcrAg may be useful for determining the therapeutic efficacies of such novel drugs. In conclusion, HBcrAg, especially when measured by the recently developed iTACT-HBcrAg assay, may be the most appropriate surrogate marker, over other HBV biomarkers, to predict disease progression and treatment response in CHB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya 467-8602, Japan;
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Riedl T, Faure-Dupuy S, Rolland M, Schuehle S, Hizir Z, Calderazzo S, Zhuang X, Wettengel J, Lopez AM, Barnault R, Mirakaj V, Prokosch S, Heide D, Leuchtenbergeg C, Schneider M, Heßling B, Stottmeier B, Wessbecher IM, Schirmacher P, McKeating JA, Protzer U, Durantel D, Lucifora J, Dejardin E, Heikenwalder M. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha-Mediated RelB/APOBEC3B Down-regulation Allows Hepatitis B Virus Persistence. Hepatology 2021; 74:1766-1781. [PMID: 33991110 PMCID: PMC7611739 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Therapeutic strategies against HBV focus, among others, on the activation of the immune system to enable the infected host to eliminate HBV. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) stabilization has been associated with impaired immune responses. HBV pathogenesis triggers chronic hepatitis-related scaring, leading inter alia to modulation of liver oxygenation and transient immune activation, both factors playing a role in HIF1α stabilization. APPROACH AND RESULTS We addressed whether HIF1α interferes with immune-mediated induction of the cytidine deaminase, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B; A3B), and subsequent covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) decay. Liver biopsies of chronic HBV (CHB) patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The effect of HIF1α induction/stabilization on differentiated HepaRG or mice ± HBV ± LTβR-agonist (BS1) was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Induction of A3B and subsequent effects were analyzed by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Analyzing CHB highlighted that areas with high HIF1α levels and low A3B expression correlated with high HBcAg, potentially representing a reservoir for HBV survival in immune-active patients. In vitro, HIF1α stabilization strongly impaired A3B expression and anti-HBV effect. Interestingly, HIF1α knockdown was sufficient to rescue the inhibition of A3B up-regulation and -mediated antiviral effects, whereas HIF2α knockdown had no effect. HIF1α stabilization decreased the level of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B protein, but not its mRNA, which was confirmed in vivo. Noteworthy, this function of HIF1α was independent of its partner, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, inhibiting HIF1α expression or stabilization represents an anti-HBV strategy in the context of immune-mediated A3B induction. High HIF1α, mediated by hypoxia or inflammation, offers a reservoir for HBV survival in vivo and should be considered as a restricting factor in the development of immune therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maude Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Svenja Schuehle
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zohier Hizir
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Silvia Calderazzo
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Martin Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Romain Barnault
- Departement of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medecine, Molecular Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, DE-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Valbona Mirakaj
- Departement of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medecine, Molecular Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, DE-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Prokosch
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Leuchtenbergeg
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Mass spectrometry based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Heßling
- Mass spectrometry based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stottmeier
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel M. Wessbecher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB), Lyon, France
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB), Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Corresponding authors: Prof. Dr. Mathias Heikenwälder, Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer (F180), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tel.: +49 6221 42-3891, Fax: +49 6221 42-3899, ; Dr. Dejardin Emmanuel, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Liège, GIGA Institute, Avenue de hôpital, 1, CHU, B34, 4000 Liege, Belgium, Tel: +32 4 3664472, Fax: +32 4 3664534,
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding authors: Prof. Dr. Mathias Heikenwälder, Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer (F180), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tel.: +49 6221 42-3891, Fax: +49 6221 42-3899, ; Dr. Dejardin Emmanuel, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Liège, GIGA Institute, Avenue de hôpital, 1, CHU, B34, 4000 Liege, Belgium, Tel: +32 4 3664472, Fax: +32 4 3664534,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martinez MG, Boyd A, Combe E, Testoni B, Zoulim F. Covalently closed circular DNA: The ultimate therapeutic target for curing HBV infections. J Hepatol 2021; 75:706-717. [PMID: 34051332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current antiviral therapies, such as pegylated interferon-α and nucleos(t)ide analogues, effectively improve the quality of life of patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, they can only control the infection rather than curing infected hepatocytes. Complete HBV cure is hampered by the lack of therapies that can directly affect the viral minichromosome (in the form of covalently closed circular DNA [cccDNA]). Approaches currently under investigation in early clinical trials are aimed at achieving a functional cure, defined as the loss of HBsAg and undetectable HBV DNA levels in serum. However, achieving a complete HBV cure requires therapies that can directly target the cccDNA pool, either via degradation, lethal mutations or functional silencing. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge technologies that could lead to non-cytolytic direct cccDNA targeting and cure of infected hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Boyd
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Combe
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69008, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude- Bernard (UCBL), 69008 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 69002 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bekçibaşı M, Deveci Ö, Oğuz A, Bozkurt F, Dayan S, Çelen MK. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in chronic HBV-infected patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14292. [PMID: 33930244 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to evaluate the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in chronic HBV-infected patients. METHODS The present study was a single centre, prospective and randomised controlled trial. Twenty healthy volunteers and thirty HBeAg-negative patients with planned liver biopsy and treatment-naive diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were included in the study. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured in the serum of CHB patient and control groups using an ELISA. Results were compared statistically using a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The mean age of the CHB group (20 men, 10 women) and the control group (10 men, 10 women) was 33.3 ± 9.7 (17-55) and 26.1 ± 12.3 (16-57), respectively. When the two groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly higher in the CHB group compared to the control group (P = .003, P < .0001, respectively). Although IL-1β levels were not statistically significant, they were higher in the CHB group compared to the controls (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are increased in CHB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Bekçibaşı
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bismil State Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Özcan Deveci
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Medical Park Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Oğuz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bozkurt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Saim Dayan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Çelen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rahbar MR, Gouvarchin Galeh HE, Khalili S, Jahangiri A. Chitosan: A Promising Protective Component Against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201110114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has caught
the international community by surprise. There is still no effective vaccine or treatment option
against this virus. In this perspective, we discussed the potential protective and therapeutic effects
of chitosan, as an FDA-approved biomolecule, against COVID-19 and influenza viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Rahbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Golsaz-Shirazi F, Shokri F. Cross talk between hepatitis B virus and innate immunity of hepatocytes. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2256. [PMID: 34021666 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity plays a major role in controlling viral infections. Recent exploration of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide receptor as specific hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor in human hepatocytes has provided appropriate cell culture tools to study the innate immunity of hepatocytes and its cross talk with HBV. In this review, we give a brief update on interaction between HBV and innate immunity using the currently available in vitro cellular models that support the complete life cycle of HBV. We will discuss how HBV can act as a 'stealth' virus to counteract the innate immune responses mediated by the pathogen recognition receptors of hepatocytes and escape the first line of surveillance of the host immune system. We give an overview of the cellular components of innate immunity that present in these in vitro models and discuss how activating these innate immunity components may contribute to the eradication of HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Peng T. Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660710. [PMID: 34017257 PMCID: PMC8129523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging or re-emerging viruses are still major threats to public health. Prophylactic vaccines represent the most effective way to prevent virus infection; however, antivirals are more promising for those viruses against which vaccines are not effective enough or contemporarily unavailable. Because of the slow pace of novel antiviral discovery, the high disuse rates, and the substantial cost, repurposing of the well-characterized therapeutics, either approved or under investigation, is becoming an attractive strategy to identify the new directions to treat virus infections. In this review, we described recent progress in identifying broad-spectrum antivirals through drug repurposing. We defined the two major categories of the repurposed antivirals, direct-acting repurposed antivirals (DARA) and host-targeting repurposed antivirals (HTRA). Under each category, we summarized repurposed antivirals with potential broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses and discussed the possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we proposed the potential investigative directions of drug repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee S, Goyal A, Perelson AS, Ishida Y, Saito T, Gale M. Suppression of hepatitis B virus through therapeutic activation of RIG-I and IRF3 signaling in hepatocytes. iScience 2021; 24:101969. [PMID: 33458618 PMCID: PMC7797372 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mediates persistent infection, chronic hepatitis, and liver disease. HBV covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA is central to viral persistence such that its elimination is considered the cornerstone for HBV cure. Inefficient detection by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) in the infected hepatocyte facilitates HBV persistence via avoidance of innate immune activation and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3 induction of antiviral gene expression. We evaluated a small molecule compound, F7, and 5'-triphosphate-poly-U/UC pathogen-associated-molecular-pattern (PAMP) RNA agonists of RIG-I, a PRR that signals innate immunity, for ability to suppress cccDNA. F7 and poly-U/UC PAMP treatment of HBV-infected cells induced RIG-I signaling of IRF3 activation to induce antiviral genes for suppression of cccDNA formation and accelerated decay of established cccDNA, and were additive to the actions of entecavir. Our study shows that activation of the RIG-I pathway and IRF3 to induce innate immune actions offers therapeutic benefit toward elimination of cccDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoung Lee
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashish Goyal
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Research and Development Unit, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 PMCID: PMC7853124 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
- INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rodriguez-Garcia E, Zabaleta N, Gil-Farina I, Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Echeverz M, Bähre H, Solano C, Lasa I, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Hommel M. AdrA as a Potential Immunomodulatory Candidate for STING-Mediated Antiviral Therapy That Required Both Type I IFN and TNF-α Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:376-385. [PMID: 33298616 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Several dinucleotide cyclases, including cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, and their involvement in STING-mediated immunity have been extensively studied. In this study, we tested five bacterial diguanylate cyclases from the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella Enteritidis, identifying AdrA as the most potent inducer of a STING-mediated IFN response. AdrA wild-type (wt) or its inactive version AdrA mutant (mut) were delivered by an adenovirus (Ad) vector. Dendritic cells obtained from wt mice and infected in vitro with Ad vector containing AdrA wt, but not mut, had increased activation markers and produced large amounts of several immunostimulatory cytokines. For dendritic cells derived from STING-deficient mice, no activation was detected. The potential antiviral activity of AdrA was addressed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic and adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)-HBV mouse models. Viremia in serum of Ad AdrA wt-treated mice was reduced significantly compared with that in Ad AdrA mut-injected mice. The viral load in the liver at sacrifice was in line with this finding. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which AdrA confers its antiviral function, the response in mice deficient in STING or its downstream effector molecules was analyzed. wt and IFN-αR (IFNAR)-/- animals were additionally treated with anti-TNF-α (Enbrel). Interestingly, albeit less pronounced than in wt mice, in IFNAR-/- and Enbrel-treated wt mice, a reduction of serum viremia was achieved-an observation that was lost in anti-TNF-α-treated IFNAR-/- animals. No effect of AdrA wt was seen in STING-deficient animals. Thus, although STING is indispensable for the antiviral activity of AdrA, type I IFN and TNF-α are both required and act synergistically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Rodriguez-Garcia
- Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Gil-Farina
- Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuela Gonzalez-Aparicio
- Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Echeverz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio Patogénesis Microbiana, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cristina Solano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio Patogénesis Microbiana, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio Patogénesis Microbiana, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio Patogénesis Microbiana, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Mirja Hommel
- Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio Patogénesis Microbiana, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu J, Zhan Q, Fan Y, Yu Y, Zeng Z. Human genetic susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104663. [PMID: 33278635 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious health threat worldwide. The outcomes of HBV infection consist of spontaneous HBV clearance and chronic HBV infection. Multiple factors contribute to the disparity of HBV infection outcomes, including host factors, viral factors and environmental factors. The present review comprehends the current researches mainly focusing on the relationships between genetic determinants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes, and susceptibility of HBV infection, namely chronic (persistent) HBV infection and HBV clearance. A number of determinants in the chromosomes, including mutations in human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), cytokines genes, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and other genes are related to the human susceptibility to HBV infection. Among the above variants, some of those in HLAs have been studied and replicated in multiple-ethnic populations and came to consistent conclusions, while some others are novel and need to be evaluated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qiao Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yanan Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Z, Trippler M, Real CI, Werner M, Luo X, Schefczyk S, Kemper T, Anastasiou OE, Ladiges Y, Treckmann J, Paul A, Baba HA, Allweiss L, Dandri M, Gerken G, Wedemeyer H, Schlaak JF, Lu M, Broering R. Hepatitis B Virus Particles Activate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling Initially Upon Infection of Primary Human Hepatocytes. Hepatology 2020; 72:829-844. [PMID: 31925967 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, conflicting data exist as to whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) has the ability to induce innate immune responses. Here, we investigated cellular changes after the first contact between HBV and primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in vitro and in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS The exposure of PHH to HBV particles resulted in nuclear translocation of NFκB, followed by the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL [interleukin] 1B, IL6, and TNF [tumor necrosis factor]). Ultraviolet irradiation of viral particles suppressed HBV infectivity but not the induction of cytokines in PHH, suggesting that the inoculum contains the immune-inducing agent. Purified HBV particles on the whole, which were prepared from HBV DNA-positive and protein-rich fractions after heparin column separation, still had immune-inducing capacity in PHH. The HBV-induced gene expression profile was similar to that induced by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand Pam3Cys, but different from those induced by the viral sensors TLR3 or TLR7-9. Treatment of PHH with both HBV particles and Pam3Cys led to phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B). Finally, HBV-induced gene expression could be neutralized by TLR2-specific antibodies. Of note, pretreatment with an HBV entry inhibitor attenuated the TLR2-mediated response to HBV, suggesting a receptor binding-related mechanism. In liver-humanized uPA/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)/beige mice challenged with HBV in vivo, immune induction could only marginally be seen. CONCLUSIONS PHHs are able to sense HBV particles through TLR2, leading to an activation of anti-HBV immune responses in vitro. These findings challenge the previously described stealth properties of HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Catherine I Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Werner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olympia E Anastasiou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Ladiges
- Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Treckmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Allweiss
- Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joerg F Schlaak
- Department of Internal medicine, Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Janovec V, Hodek J, Clarova K, Hofman T, Dostalik P, Fronek J, Chlupac J, Chaperot L, Durand S, Baumert TF, Pichova I, Lubyova B, Hirsch I, Weber J. Toll-like receptor dual-acting agonists are potent inducers of PBMC-produced cytokines that inhibit hepatitis B virus production in primary human hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12767. [PMID: 32728070 PMCID: PMC7392756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment functionally cures chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in some individuals and suppresses virus replication in hepatocytes infected in vitro. We studied the antiviral effect of conditioned media (CM) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 7, 8 and 9. We found that CM from PBMCs stimulated with dual-acting TLR7/8 (R848) and TLR2/7 (CL413) agonists were more potent drivers of inhibition of HBe and HBs antigen secretion from HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHH) than CM from PBMCs stimulated with single-acting TLR7 (CL264) or TLR9 (CpG-B) agonists. Inhibition of HBV in PHH did not correlate with the quantity of PBMC-produced IFN-α, but it was a complex function of multiple secreted cytokines. More importantly, we found that the CM that efficiently inhibited HBV production in freshly isolated PHH via various cytokine repertoires and mechanisms did not reduce covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA levels. We confirmed our data with a cell culture model based on HepG2-NTCP cells and the plasmacytoid dendritic cell line GEN2.2. Collectively, our data show the importance of dual-acting TLR agonists inducing broad cytokine repertoires. The development of poly-specific TLR agonists provides novel opportunities towards functional HBV cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Janovec
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic.,IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hodek
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Clarova
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hofman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic.,IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dostalik
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Fronek
- Transplantation Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chlupac
- Transplantation Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- CNRS UMR5309, Inserm U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IAB, EFS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Durand
- Inserm, Institut de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Virales Et Hepatiques UMRS 1110, Universite de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, Institut de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Virales Et Hepatiques UMRS 1110, Universite de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Pole Hepato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Iva Pichova
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lubyova
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic. .,IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Weber
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bockmann JH, Stadler D, Xia Y, Ko C, Wettengel JM, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Dandri M, Protzer U. Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Effects Mediated by Type I and III Interferons in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Hepatocytes. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:567-577. [PMID: 30923817 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type III interferons (IFNs) (λ1-3) activate similar signaling cascades as type I IFNs (α and β) via different receptors. Since IFN-α and lymphotoxin-β activate cytosine deamination and subsequent purging of nuclear hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, we investigated whether IFN-β and -λ may also induce these antiviral effects in differentiated HBV-infected hepatocytes. METHODS After determining the biological activity of IFN-α2, -β1, -λ1, and -λ2 in differentiated hepatocytes, their antiviral effects were analyzed in HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells. RESULTS Type I and III IFNs reduced nuclear open-circle DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels in HBV-infected cells. IFN-β and -λ were at least as efficient as IFN-α. Differential DNA-denaturing polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis revealed G-to-A sequence alterations of HBV cccDNA in IFN-α, -β, and -λ-treated liver cells indicating deamination. All IFNs induced apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) deaminases 3A and 3G within 24 hours of treatment, but IFN-β and -λ induced longer-lasting expression of APOBEC deaminases in comparison to IFN-α. CONCLUSIONS IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and IFN-λ2 induce cccDNA deamination and degradation at least as efficiently as IFN-α, indicating that these antiviral cytokines are interesting candidates for the design of new therapeutic strategies aiming at cccDNA reduction and HBV cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Bockmann
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich.,I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich and Hamburg partner sites, Germany
| | - Daniela Stadler
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich
| | - Yuchen Xia
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Chunkyu Ko
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich
| | - Jochen M Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich and Hamburg partner sites, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich and Hamburg partner sites, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich and Hamburg partner sites, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Spyrou E, Smith CI, Ghany MG. Hepatitis B: Current Status of Therapy and Future Therapies. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2020; 49:215-238. [PMID: 32389360 PMCID: PMC7444867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a protective vaccine for over 3 decades, the number of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains high. These persons are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment is effective at inhibiting viral replication and reducing complications of chronic HBV infection, but is not curative. There is a need for novel, finite therapy that can cure chronic HBV infection. Several agents are in early-phase development and can be broadly viewed as agents that target the virus directly or indirectly or the host immune response. This article highlights key developments in antiviral/immunomodulatory therapy, the rationale for these approaches, and possible therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Spyrou
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA,Nazih Zuhdi Transplant Institute, INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Coleman I. Smith
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marc G. Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mackman RL, Mish M, Chin G, Perry JK, Appleby T, Aktoudianakis V, Metobo S, Pyun P, Niu C, Daffis S, Yu H, Zheng J, Villasenor AG, Zablocki J, Chamberlain J, Jin H, Lee G, Suekawa-Pirrone K, Santos R, Delaney WE, Fletcher SP. Discovery of GS-9688 (Selgantolimod) as a Potent and Selective Oral Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10188-10203. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael Mish
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory Chin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jason K. Perry
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Todd Appleby
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Sammy Metobo
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Peter Pyun
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Congrong Niu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephane Daffis
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Helen Yu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jim Zheng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Armando G. Villasenor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jeff Zablocki
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jason Chamberlain
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Haolun Jin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gary Lee
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Rex Santos
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - William E. Delaney
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Simon P. Fletcher
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lucifora J, Delphin M. Current knowledge on Hepatitis Delta Virus replication. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104812. [PMID: 32360949 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) that infects liver parenchymal cells is responsible for severe liver diseases and co-infection with Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) leads to the most aggressive form of viral hepatitis. Even tough being different for their viral genome (relaxed circular partially double stranded DNA for HBV and circular RNA for HDV), HBV and HDV are both maintained as episomes in the nucleus of infected cells and use the cellular machinery for the transcription of their viral RNAs. We propose here an update on the current knowledge on HDV replication cycle that may eventually help to identify new antiviral targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France.
| | - Marion Delphin
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ganesan M, Eikenberry A, Poluektova LY, Kharbanda KK, Osna NA. Role of alcohol in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:883-903. [PMID: 32206001 PMCID: PMC7081008 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i9.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol abuse often contribute to the development of end-stage liver disease. Alcohol abuse not only causes rapid progression of liver disease in HBV infected patients but also allows HBV to persist chronically. Importantly, the mechanism by which alcohol promotes the progression of HBV-associated liver disease are not completely understood. Potential mechanisms include a suppressed immune response, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus stresses, and increased HBV replication. Certainly, more research is necessary to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms such that treatment(s) to prevent rapid liver disease progression in alcohol-abusing HBV patients could be developed. In this review, we discuss the aforementioned factors for the higher risk of liver diseases in alcohol-induced HBV pathogenies and suggest the areas for future studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Allison Eikenberry
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dou L, Shi X, He X, Gao Y. Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Liver Disorder. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3112. [PMID: 32047496 PMCID: PMC6997484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages are a remarkably heterogeneous population consisting of self-renewing tissue-resident phagocytes, termed Kupffer cells (KCs), and recruited macrophages derived from peritoneal cavity as well as the bone marrow. KCs are located in the liver sinusoid where they scavenge the microbe from the portal vein to maintain liver homeostasis. Liver injury may trigger hepatic recruitment of peritoneal macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages. Studies describing macrophage accumulation have shown that hepatic macrophages are involved in the initiation and progression of various liver diseases. They act as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells to inhibit T-cell activation by producing distinct sets of cytokines, chemokines, and mediators to maintain or resolve inflammation. Furthermore, by releasing regenerative growth factors, matrix metalloproteinase arginase, they promote tissue repair. Recent experiments found that KCs and recruited macrophages may play different roles in the development of liver disease. Given that hepatic macrophages are considerably plastic populations, their phenotypes and functions are likely switching along disease progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of tissue-resident macrophages and recruited macrophages in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Dou
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li M, Yang J, Zhao Y, Song Y, Yin S, Guo J, Zhang H, Wang K, Wei L, Li S, Xu W. MCPIP1 inhibits Hepatitis B virus replication by destabilizing viral RNA and negatively regulates the virus-induced innate inflammatory responses. Antiviral Res 2020; 174:104705. [PMID: 31926181 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is an inflammatory regulator in immune response. Recently, MCPIP1 has also been identified as a host antiviral factor against certain virus infection including human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus and hepatitis C virus. However, whether MCPIP1 could restrict the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), a DNA pararetrovirus belonging to Hepadnaviridae family, has not been investigated. In this study, we found that MCPIP1 expression was up-regulated in mouse livers upon acute HBV replication and in HBV-replicated hepatoma cells or HBV-stimulated macrophages. Enforced MCPIP1 expression by hydrodynamic DNA injection in vivo significantly inhibited HBV replication in the mouse livers. Then in vitro studies by overexpression or knockdown assays in cell-lines identified the direct antiviral effect of MCPIP1 on HBV replication. RNA immunoprecipitation and decay assay further suggested that MCPIP1 potently restricted HBV replication through directly binding viral RNA and degrading RNA via its RNase activity, but not deubiquitinase activity. Moreover, we further verified that MCPIP1 negatively regulated HBV-induced proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages. Taken together, our data expand MCPIP1's range of viral targets to DNA virus and also demonstrate the negative regulatory role of MCPIP1 in suppressing virus-induced inflammatory response, suggesting MCPIP1 as a potential therapeutic target for treating HBV-related diseases via inducing a host defense against HBV and reducing inflammatory injury meanwhile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yinxia Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yahui Song
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kezhen Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuijun Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building, 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Faure-Dupuy S, Delphin M, Aillot L, Dimier L, Lebossé F, Fresquet J, Parent R, Matter MS, Rivoire M, Bendriss-Vermare N, Salvetti A, Heide D, Flores L, Klumpp K, Lam A, Zoulim F, Heikenwälder M, Durantel D, Lucifora J. Hepatitis B virus-induced modulation of liver macrophage function promotes hepatocyte infection. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1086-1098. [PMID: 31349000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver macrophages can be involved in both pathogen clearance and/or pathogenesis. To get further insight on their role during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, our aim was to phenotypically and functionally characterize in vivo and ex vivo the interplay between HBV, primary human liver macrophages (PLMs) and primary blood monocytes differentiated into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory macrophages (M1-MDMs or M2-MDMs, respectively). METHODS PLMs or primary blood monocytes, either ex vivo differentiated into M1-MDMs or M2-MDMs, were exposed to HBV and their activation followed by ELISA or quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Liver biopsies from HBV-infected patients were analysed by RT-qPCR or immunohistochemistry. Viral parameters in HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes and differentiated HepaRG cells were followed by ELISA, qPCR and RT-qPCR analyses. RESULTS HBc protein was present within the macrophages of liver biopsies taken from HBV-infected patients. Macrophages from HBV-infected patients also expressed higher levels of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers than those from non-infected patients. Ex vivo exposure of naive PLMs to HBV led to reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Upon exposure to HBV or HBV-producing cells during differentiation and activation, M1-MDMs secreted less IL-6 and IL-1β, whereas M2-MDMs secreted more IL-10 when exposed to HBV during activation. Finally, cytokines produced by M1-MDMs, but not those produced by HBV-exposed M1-MDMs, decreased HBV infection of hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data strongly suggest that HBV modulates liver macrophage functions to favour the establishment of infection. LAY SUMMARY Hepatitis B virus modulates liver macrophage function in order to favour the establishment and likely maintenance of infection. It impairs the production of the antiviral cytokine IL-1β, while promoting that of IL-10 in the microenvironment. This phenotype can be recapitulated in naive liver macrophages or monocyte-derived-macrophages ex vivo by short exposure to the virus or cells replicating the virus, thus suggesting an "easy to implement" mechanism of inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Delphin
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Ludovic Aillot
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Laura Dimier
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Fanny Lebossé
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Judith Fresquet
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Romain Parent
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lalo Flores
- Novira Therapeutics, Part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, United States
| | - Klaus Klumpp
- Novira Therapeutics, Part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, United States
| | - Angela Lam
- Novira Therapeutics, Part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, United States
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence, Lyon, France.
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Amirpour-Rostami S, Kazemi Arababadi M. IL-18 and IL-1β Gene Polymorphisms: The Plausible Risk Factors for Chronic Hepatitis B. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:208-213. [PMID: 31084469 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main risk factor for induction of liver cirrhosis and also hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Although our knowledge is growing regarding molecular mechanisms of immune responses against viruses, the main mechanisms that lead to the progression of chronic inflammation and then CHB are yet to be clarified. IL-18 and IL-1β are the members of the IL-1 family and produced in the cytoplasm of a wide range of immune and nonimmune cells and activated by inflammasome pathways. The cytokines play key roles in the pathologies of CHB. IL-18 and IL-1β productions are altered in CHB patients. It has been hypothesized that the polymorphisms within IL-18 and IL-1β genes may be the main reasons for the induction of chronic inflammation in CHB patients. This review article discusses the related investigations regarding the main correlation between the polymorphisms within IL-18 and IL-1β genes and CHB pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Amirpour-Rostami
- 1 Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- 2 Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,3 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abdul-Cader MS, De Silva Senapathi U, Ahmed-Hassan H, Sharif S, Abdul-Careem MF. Single stranded (ss)RNA-mediated antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:34. [PMID: 30736730 PMCID: PMC6368756 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, synthetic ssRNA analog, resiquimod, has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. The objective of this study was to determine the innate host responses activated by the pre-hatch in ovo administration of resiquimod against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection in chickens post-hatch. Results First, we observed that in ovo treatment of resiquimod at embryo day (ED) 18 increases macrophage recruitment in respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues of chicken day 1 post-hatch in addition to interleukin (IL)-1β in lungs. Second, we observed that in ovo treatment of resiquimod reduces ILTV cloacal shedding at 7 days post-infection (dpi) when challenged at day 1 post-hatch coinciding with higher macrophage recruitment. In vitro, we found that resiquimod enhances production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β and not type 1 interferon (IFN) activity in avian macrophages. Although, the antiviral response against ILTV is associated with the enhanced innate immune response, it is not dependent on any of the innate immune mediators observed as has been shown in vitro using avian macrophage. Conclusion This study provides insights into the mechanisms of antiviral response mediated by resiquimod, particularly against ILTV infection in chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Upasama De Silva Senapathi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abdul-Cader MS, De Silva Senapathi U, Nagy E, Sharif S, Abdul-Careem MF. Antiviral response elicited against avian influenza virus infection following activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)7 signaling pathway is attributable to interleukin (IL)-1β production. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:859. [PMID: 30514372 PMCID: PMC6280464 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, ssRNA has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the pro-inflammatory mediators that are activated downstream of TLR7 signaling pathway in avian macrophages and their roles in antiviral response against avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. Results In this study, first, we stimulated avian macrophages with the analog of ssRNA, resiquimod, and found that the ssRNA was capable of increasing nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL-1β) production in avian macrophages. Second, we observed when the avian macrophages were stimulated with ssRNA, it elicits an antiviral response against AIV. Finally, we demonstrated that when we blocked the IL-1β response using IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and the NO production using a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), N-([3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl)ethanimidamide dihydrochloride (1400 W), the antiviral response against AIV is attributable to IL-1β production and not to the NO production. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of antiviral response mediated by ssRNA, particularly against AIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Upasama De Silva Senapathi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Faure-Dupuy S, Durantel D, Lucifora J. Liver macrophages: Friend or foe during hepatitis B infection? Liver Int 2018; 38:1718-1729. [PMID: 29772112 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hepatitis B virus chronically infects the liver of 250 million people worldwide. Over the past decades, major advances have been made in the understanding of Hepatitis B virus life cycle in hepatocytes. Beside these parenchymal cells, the liver also contains resident and infiltrating myeloid cells involved in immune responses to pathogens and much less is known about their interplay with Hepatitis B virus. In this review, we summarized and discussed the current knowledge of the role of liver macrophages (including Kupffer cells and liver monocyte-derived macrophages), in HBV infection. While it is still unclear if liver macrophages play a role in the establishment and persistence of HBV infection, several studies disclosed data suggesting that HBV would favour liver macrophage anti-inflammatory phenotypes and thereby increase liver tolerance. In addition, alternatively activated liver macrophages might also play in the long term a key role in hepatitis B-associated pathogenesis, especially through the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Therapies aiming at a transient activation of pro-inflammatory liver macrophages should therefore be considered for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, University Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, University Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence (LabEx), DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, University Claude-Bernard (UCBL), Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang S, Carriere J, Lin X, Xie N, Feng P. Interplay between Cellular Metabolism and Cytokine Responses during Viral Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100521. [PMID: 30249998 PMCID: PMC6213852 DOI: 10.3390/v10100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immune responses are two fundamental biological processes that serve to protect hosts from viral infection. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to activate metabolism, while inactivating immune responses to achieve maximal reproduction or persistence within their hosts. The two-way virus-host interaction with metabolism and immune responses choreograph cytokine production via reprogramming metabolism of infected cells/hosts. In return, cytokines can affect the metabolism of virus-infected and bystander cells to impede viral replication processes. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the cross-talk between metabolic reprogramming and cytokine responses, and to highlight future potential research topics. Although the focus is placed on viral pathogens, relevant findings from other microbes are integrated to provide an overall picture, particularly when corresponding information on viral infection is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Jessica Carriere
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Na Xie
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Secretome Screening Reveals Fibroblast Growth Factors as Novel Inhibitors of Viral Replication. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00260-18. [PMID: 29899088 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00260-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular antiviral programs can efficiently inhibit viral infection. These programs are often initiated through signaling cascades induced by secreted proteins, such as type I interferons, interleukin-6 (IL-6), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In the present study, we generated an arrayed library of 756 human secreted proteins to perform a secretome screen focused on the discovery of novel modulators of viral entry and/or replication. The individual secreted proteins were tested for the capacity to inhibit infection by two replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) with distinct glycoproteins utilizing different entry pathways. Fibroblast growth factor 16 (FGF16) was identified and confirmed as the most prominent novel inhibitor of both VSVs and therefore of viral replication, not entry. Importantly, an antiviral interferon signature was completely absent in FGF16-treated cells. Nevertheless, the antiviral effect of FGF16 is broad, as it was evident on multiple cell types and also on infection by coxsackievirus. In addition, other members of the FGF family also inhibited viral infection. Thus, our unbiased secretome screen revealed a novel protein family capable of inducing a cellular antiviral state. This previously unappreciated role of the FGF family may have implications for the development of new antivirals and the efficacy of oncolytic virus therapy.IMPORTANCE Viruses infect human cells in order to replicate, while human cells aim to resist infection. Several cellular antiviral programs have therefore evolved to resist infection. Knowledge of these programs is essential for the design of antiviral therapeutics in the future. The induction of antiviral programs is often initiated by secreted proteins, such as interferons. We hypothesized that other secreted proteins may also promote resistance to viral infection. Thus, we tested 756 human secreted proteins for the capacity to inhibit two pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). In this secretome screen on viral infection, we identified fibroblast growth factor 16 (FGF16) as a novel antiviral against multiple VSV pseudotypes as well as coxsackievirus. Subsequent testing of other FGF family members revealed that FGF signaling generally inhibits viral infection. This finding may lead to the development of new antivirals and may also be applicable for enhancing oncolytic virus therapy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang Z, Filzmayer C, Ni Y, Sültmann H, Mutz P, Hiet MS, Vondran FWR, Bartenschlager R, Urban S. Hepatitis D virus replication is sensed by MDA5 and induces IFN-β/λ responses in hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2018. [PMID: 29524530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and D virus (HDV) co-infections cause the most severe form of viral hepatitis. HDV induces an innate immune response, but it is unknown how the host cell senses HDV and if this defense affects HDV replication. We aim to characterize interferon (IFN) activation by HDV, identify the responsible sensor and evaluate the effect of IFN on HDV replication. METHODS HDV and HBV susceptible hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were used for infection studies. Viral markers and cellular gene expression were analyzed at different time points after infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) required for HDV-mediated IFN activation and the impact on HDV replication were studied using stable knock-down or overexpression of the PRRs. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that HDV but not HBV infection activated a broad range of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in HepG2NTCP cells. HDV strongly activated IFN-β and IFN-λ in cell lines and PHH. HDV induced IFN levels remained unaltered upon RIG-I (DDX58) or TLR3 knock-down, but were almost completely abolished upon MDA5 (IFIH1) depletion. Conversely, overexpression of MDA5 but not RIG-I and TLR3 in HuH7.5NTCP cells partially restored ISG induction. During long-term infection, IFN levels gradually diminished in both HepG2NTCP and HepaRGNTCP cell lines. MDA5 depletion had little effect on HDV replication despite dampening HDV-induced IFN response. Moreover, treatment with type I or type III IFNs did not abolish HDV replication. CONCLUSION Active replication of HDV induces an IFN-β/λ response, which is predominantly mediated by MDA5. This IFN response and exogenous IFN treatment have only a moderate effect on HDV replication in vitro indicating the adaption of HDV replication to an IFN-activated state. LAY SUMMARY In contrast to hepatitis B virus, infection with hepatitis D virus induces a strong IFN-β/λ response in innate immune competent cell lines. MDA5 is the key sensor for the recognition of hepatitis D virus replicative intermediates. An IFN-activated state did not prevent hepatitis D virus replication in vitro, indicating that hepatitis D virus is resistant to self-induced innate immune responses and therapeutic IFN treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Filzmayer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Cancer Genome Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Mutz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Sophie Hiet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery (ReMediES), Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) - Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) - Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Levrero M, Subic M, Villeret F, Zoulim F. Perspectives and limitations for nucleo(t)side analogs in future HBV therapies. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 30:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration Occurs Early in the Viral Life Cycle in an In Vitro Infection Model via Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide-Dependent Uptake of Enveloped Virus Particles. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02007-17. [PMID: 29437961 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02007-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major contributor to liver disease worldwide. Though HBV replicates via a nuclear episomal DNA (covalently closed circular DNA [cccDNA]), integration of HBV DNA into the host cell genome is regularly observed in the liver in infected patients. While reported as a prooncogenic alteration, the mechanism(s) and timing of HBV DNA integration are not well understood, chiefly due to the lack of in vitro infection models that have detectable integration events. In this study, we have established an in vitro system in which integration can be reliably detected following HBV infection. We measured HBV DNA integration using inverse nested PCR in primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG-NTCP, HepG2-NTCP, and Huh7-NTCP cells after HBV infection. Integration was detected in all cell types at a rate of >1 per 10,000 cells, with the most consistent detection in Huh7-NTCP cells. The integration rate remained stable between 3 and 9 days postinfection. HBV DNA integration was efficiently blocked by treatment with a 200 nM concentration of the HBV entry inhibitor Myrcludex B, but not with 10 μM tenofovir, 100 U of interferon alpha, or a 1 μM concentration of the capsid assembly inhibitor GLS4. This suggests that integration of HBV DNA occurs immediately after infection of hepatocytes and is likely independent of de novo HBV genome replication in this model. Site analysis revealed that HBV DNA integrations were distributed over the entire human genome. Further, integrated HBV DNA sequences were consistent with double-stranded linear HBV DNA being the major precursor. Thus, we have established an in vitro system to interrogate the mechanisms of HBV DNA integration.IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common blood-borne pathogen and, following a chronic infection, can cause liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Integration of HBV DNA into the host genome occurs in all known members of the Hepadnaviridae family, despite this form not being necessary for viral replication. HBV DNA integration has been reported to drive liver cancer formation and persistence of virus infection. However, when and the mechanism(s) by which HBV DNA integration occurs are not clear. In this study, we have developed and characterized an in vitro system to reliably detect HBV DNA integrations that result from a true HBV infection event and that closely resemble those found in patient tissues. Using this model, we showed that integration occurs when the infection is first established. Importantly, we provide here a system to analyze molecular factors involved in HBV integration, which can be used to develop strategies to halt its formation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Niu C, Li L, Daffis S, Lucifora J, Bonnin M, Maadadi S, Salas E, Chu R, Ramos H, Livingston CM, Beran RK, Garg AV, Balsitis S, Durantel D, Zoulim F, Delaney WE, Fletcher SP. Toll-like receptor 7 agonist GS-9620 induces prolonged inhibition of HBV via a type I interferon-dependent mechanism. J Hepatol 2018; 68:922-931. [PMID: 29247725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS GS-9620, an oral agonist of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), is in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). GS-9620 was previously shown to induce prolonged suppression of serum viral DNA and antigens in the woodchuck and chimpanzee models of CHB. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the antiviral response to GS-9620 using in vitro models of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and differentiated HepaRG (dHepaRG) cells were infected with HBV and treated with GS-9620, conditioned media from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with GS-9620 (GS-9620 conditioned media [GS-9620-CM]), or other innate immune stimuli. The antiviral and transcriptional response to these agents was determined. RESULTS GS-9620 had no antiviral activity in HBV-infected PHH, consistent with low level TLR7 mRNA expression in human hepatocytes. In contrast, GS-9620-CM induced prolonged reduction of HBV DNA, RNA, and antigen levels in PHH and dHepaRG cells via a type I interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanism. GS-9620-CM did not reduce covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels in either cell type. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated that GS-9620-CM strongly induced various HBV restriction factors - although not APOBEC3A or the Smc5/6 complex - and indicated that established HBV infection does not modulate innate immune sensing or signaling in cryopreserved PHH. GS-9620-CM also induced expression of immunoproteasome subunits and enhanced presentation of an immunodominant viral peptide in HBV-infected PHH. CONCLUSIONS Type I IFN induced by GS-9620 durably suppressed HBV in human hepatocytes without reducing cccDNA levels. Moreover, HBV antigen presentation was enhanced, suggesting additional components of the TLR7-induced immune response played a role in the antiviral response to GS-9620 in animal models of CHB. LAY SUMMARY GS-9620 is a drug currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. GS-9620 has previously been shown to suppress HBV in various animal models, but the underlying antiviral mechanisms were not completely understood. In this study, we determined that GS-9620 does not directly activate antiviral pathways in human liver cells, but can induce prolonged suppression of HBV via induction of an antiviral cytokine called interferon. However, interferon did not destroy the HBV genome, suggesting that other parts of the immune response (e.g. activation of immune cells that kill infected cells) also play an important role in the antiviral response to GS-9620.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Li
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Marc Bonnin
- INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Sarah Maadadi
- INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69003, France
| | | | - Ruth Chu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Durantel
- INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69003, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCl), 69002 Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lucifora J, Bonnin M, Aillot L, Fusil F, Maadadi S, Dimier L, Michelet M, Floriot O, Ollivier A, Rivoire M, Ait-Goughoulte M, Daffis S, Fletcher SP, Salvetti A, Cosset FL, Zoulim F, Durantel D. Direct antiviral properties of TLR ligands against HBV replication in immune-competent hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5390. [PMID: 29599452 PMCID: PMC5876392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are effective at decreasing the viral load in serum, but do not lead to viral eradication. Recent studies highlighted the therapeutic or “adjuvant” potential of immune-modulators. Our aim was to explore the direct anti-HBV effect of Toll-Like-Receptors (TLR) agonists in hepatocytes. HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHH) or differentiated HepaRG cells (dHepaRG) were treated with various TLR agonists. Amongst all TLR ligands tested, Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2-ligand) and poly(I:C)-(HMW) (TLR3/MDA5-ligand) were the best at reducing all HBV parameters. No or little viral rebound was observed after treatment arrest, implying a long-lasting effect on cccDNA. We also tested Riboxxol that features improved TLR3 specificity compared to poly(I:C)-(HMW). This agonist demonstrated a potent antiviral effect in HBV-infected PHH. Whereas, poly(I:C)-(HMW) and Pam3CSK4 mainly induced the expression of classical genes from the interferon or NF-κB pathway respectively, Riboxxol had a mixed phenotype. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR3 ligands can activate hepatocytes and immune cells, as demonstrated by antiviral cytokines produced by stimulated hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, our data highlight the potential of innate immunity activation in the direct control of HBV replication in hepatocytes, and support the development of TLR-based antiviral strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Marc Bonnin
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ludovic Aillot
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Fusil
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Maadadi
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Dimier
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Océane Floriot
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anaïs Ollivier
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Malika Ait-Goughoulte
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anna Salvetti
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|