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Ahmad G, Sohail M, Bilal M, Rasool N, Qamar MU, Ciurea C, Marceanu LG, Misarca C. N-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2232. [PMID: 38792094 PMCID: PMC11123935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. N-heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain N-heterocycles can also stimulate the host's immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses. This review focused on recent five- or six-membered synthetic N-heterocyclic molecules showing antiviral activity through SAR analyses. The review will assist in identifying robust scaffolds that might be utilized to create effective antiviral drugs with either no or few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulraiz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Luigi Geo Marceanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Catalin Misarca
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
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2
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Cochet M, Piumi F, Gorna K, Berry N, Gonzalez G, Danckaert A, Aulner N, Blanchet O, Zientara S, Donadeu FX, Munier-Lehmann H, Richardson J, Benchoua A, Coulpier M. An equine iPSC-based phenotypic screening platform identifies pro- and anti-viral molecules against West Nile virus. Vet Res 2024; 55:32. [PMID: 38493182 PMCID: PMC10943879 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) occur periodically, affecting both human and equine populations. There are no vaccines for humans, and those commercialised for horses do not have sufficient coverage. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist. Many drug discovery studies have been conducted, but since rodent or primate cell lines are normally used, results cannot always be transposed to horses. There is thus a need to develop relevant equine cellular models. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells to develop a new in vitro model of WNV-infected equine brain cells suitable for microplate assay, and assessed the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of forty-one chemical compounds. We found that one nucleoside analog, 2'C-methylcytidine, blocked WNV infection in equine brain cells, whereas other compounds were either toxic or ineffective, despite some displaying anti-viral activity in human cell lines. We also revealed an unexpected proviral effect of statins in WNV-infected equine brain cells. Our results thus identify a potential lead for future drug development and underscore the importance of using a tissue- and species-relevant cellular model for assessing the activity of antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Cochet
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Piumi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kamila Gorna
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Noémie Berry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT, Institut Pasteur Paris, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Aulner
- UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT, Institut Pasteur Paris, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00038, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Francesc Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Zenchenko AA, Drenichev MS, Khvatov EV, Uvarova VI, Goryashchenko AS, Frolenko VS, Karpova EV, Kozlovskaya LI, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Mikhailov SN, Oslovsky VE. Elongation of N 6-benzyladenosine scaffold via Pd-catalyzed C-C bond formation leads to derivatives with antiflaviviral activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117552. [PMID: 38128296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Decoration of nucleoside analogues with lipophilic groups often leads to compounds with improved antiviral activity. For example, N6-benzyladenosine derivatives containing elongated lipophilic substituents in the benzyl core efficiently inhibit reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), while N6-benzyladenosine itself potently inhibits reproduction of human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). We have extended a series of N6-benzyladenosine analogues using effective synthetic methods of CC bond formation based on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Sonogashira and Suzuki) in order to study the influence of bulky lipophilic substituents in the N6 position of adenosine on the antiviral activity against flaviviruses, such as TBEV, yellow fever virus (YFV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as a panel of enteroviruses including EV-A71, Echovirus 30 (E30), and poliovirus type 2 (PV2). Reproduction of tested flaviviruses appeared to be inhibited by the micromolar concentrations of the compounds, while cytotoxicity in most cases was beyond the detection limit. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that the hit compounds inhibited the stage of viral RNA synthesis, but not the stages of the viral entry or protein translation. As a result, several new promising antiflaviviral leads have been identified. On the other hand, none of the synthesized compounds inhibited enterovirus reproduction, indicating a possibility of involvement of flavivirus-specific pathways in their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Victoria I Uvarova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | | | - Vasilisa S Frolenko
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Karpova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Wang T, Zheng G, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhao C, Li Y, Yuan Y, Duan H, Zhu H, Yang X, Li W, Du W, Li Y, Li D. Drug repurposing screens identify Tubercidin as a potent antiviral agent against porcine nidovirus infections. Virus Res 2024; 339:199275. [PMID: 38008220 PMCID: PMC10730850 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new coronaviruses poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and human health. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is considered a re-emerging porcine enteric coronavirus, which causes fatal watery diarrhea in piglets. Currently, there are no effective drugs to combat PEDV. Drug repurposing screens have emerged as an attractive strategy to accelerate antiviral drug discovery and development. Here, we screened 206 natural products for antiviral activity using live PEDV infection in Vero cells and identified ten candidate antiviral agents. Among them, Tubercidin, a nucleoside analog derived from Streptomyces tubercidicus, showed promising antiviral activity against PEDV infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tubercidin exhibited significant antiviral activity against both classical and variant PEDV. Time of addition assay showed that Tubercidin displayed a significant inhibitory effect on viral post-entry events but not during other periods. Molecular docking analysis indicated that Tubercidin had better docking efficiency and formed hydrophobic interactions with the active pocket of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of PEDV and other nidoviruses. Additionally, Tubercidin can effectively suppress other porcine nidoviruses, such as SADS-CoV and PRRSV, demonstrating its broad-spectrum antiviral properties. In summary, our findings provide valuable evidence for the antiviral activity of Tubercidin and offer insights into the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guanmin Zheng
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zilu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yixin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hongsen Zhu
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wentao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CL, the Netherlands
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Dongliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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5
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Kamzeeva PN, Aralov AV, Alferova VA, Korshun VA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleoside Antivirals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6851-6879. [PMID: 37623252 PMCID: PMC10453654 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new drugs has been greatly accelerated by the emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant strains of known pathogens. Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a prospective class of antivirals due to known safety profiles, which are important for rapid repurposing in the fight against emerging pathogens. Recent improvements in research methods have revealed new unexpected details in the mechanisms of action of NAs that can pave the way for new approaches for the further development of effective drugs. This review accounts advanced techniques in viral polymerase targeting, new viral and host enzyme targeting approaches, and prodrug-based strategies for the development of antiviral NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.N.K.); (A.V.A.); (V.A.A.)
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6
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Binderup A, Galli A, Fossat N, Fernandez-Antunez C, Mikkelsen LS, Rivera-Rangel LR, Scheel TKH, Fahnøe U, Bukh J, Ramirez S. Differential activity of nucleotide analogs against tick-borne encephalitis and yellow fever viruses in human cell lines. Virology 2023; 585:179-185. [PMID: 37356253 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
With no approved antiviral therapies, the continuous emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) is a rising concern. We performed head-to-head comparisons of the antiviral activity of available nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) using relevant human cell lines. Eight existing nucs inhibited TBEV and/or YFV with differential activity between cell lines and viruses. Remdesivir, uprifosbuvir and sofosbuvir were the most potent drugs against TBEV and YFV in liver cells, but they had reduced activity in neural cells, whereas galidesivir retained uniform activity across cell lines and viruses. Ribavirin, valopicitabine, molnupiravir and GS-6620 exhibited only moderate antiviral activity. We found antiviral activity for drugs previously reported as inactive, demonstrating the importance of using human cell lines and comparative experimental assays when screening the activity of nucs. The relatively high antiviral activity of remdesivir, sofosbuvir and uprifosbuvir against TBEV and YFV merits further investigation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekxander Binderup
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Galli
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Fossat
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlota Fernandez-Antunez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte S Mikkelsen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lizandro René Rivera-Rangel
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels K H Scheel
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Santseharay Ramirez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Tang WD, Tang HL, Peng HR, Ren RW, Zhao P, Zhao LJ. Inhibition of tick-borne encephalitis virus in cell cultures by ribavirin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1182798. [PMID: 37378295 PMCID: PMC10291047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) belonging to arboviruses is a major member of zoonotic pathogens. TBEV infection causes severe human encephalitis without specific antiviral drugs. Due to its use of antiviral drug against a wide range of viruses, we investigated antiviral effect of ribavirin against TBEV in susceptible human cell lines A549 and SH-SY5Y. Ribavirin displayed minor cytotoxicity on multiple cell lines. Ribavirin obviously impaired TBEV replication and protected the infected cells from cytopathic effect. Importantly, ribavirin markedly inhibited TBEV propagation, as evidenced by impairment of TBEV production and viral RNA replication. Treatment with ribavirin (co-treatment and post-treatment) led to a dose-dependent reduction in TBEV titers as well as the viral RNA levels. Antiviral protein myxovirus resistance A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was activated in TBEV-infected A549 cells upon the ribavirin treatment. Induction of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha by TBEV was decreased in A549 cells with the treatment of ribavirin, whereas interleukin 1 beta release appeared to be unaffected. These results suggest that ribavirin might represent a promising safe and effective antiviral drug against TBEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Da Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Wen Ren
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Eyer L, Seley-Radtke K, Ruzek D. New directions in the experimental therapy of tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105504. [PMID: 36574904 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a potentially fatal disease common in much of Europe and Asia. There is no specific therapy for the treatment of TBE patients. However, several efforts are being made to develop small molecules that specifically interfere with the life cycle of TBE virus. In particular, recently various nucleoside analogues that can inhibit the viral replicase, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or viral methyltransferases, have been explored. In addition, human or chimeric (i.e., structural chimeras that combine mouse variable domains with human constant domains) monoclonal antibodies with promising potential for post-exposure prophylaxis or early therapy have been developed. This review summarizes the latest directions and experimental approaches that may be used to combat TBE in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Eyer
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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9
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Desantis J, Felicetti T, Cannalire R. An overview on small molecules acting as broad spectrum-agents for yellow fever infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:755-773. [PMID: 35638299 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2084529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yellow Fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, endemic in 47 countries in Africa and South America, which causes febrile symptoms that can evolve in 15% of the patients to serious haemorrhagic conditions, liver injury, and multiorgan failure. Although a highly effective vaccine (YF-17D vaccine) is available, to date, no antiviral drugs have been approved for the prevention and treatment of YFV infections. AREAS COVERED This review article focuses on the description of viral targets that have been considered within YFV and flavivirus drug discovery studies and on the most relevant candidates reported so far that elicit broad-spectrum inhibition against relevant strains and mutants of YFV. EXPERT OPINION Considering the growing interest on (re)emerging vector-borne viral infections, it is expected that flavivirus drug discovery will quickly deliver potential candidates for clinical evaluation. Due to similarity among flaviviral targets, several candidates identified against different flaviviruses have shown broad-spectrum activity, thus exhibiting anti-YFV activity, as well. In this regard, it would be desirable to routinely include the assessment of antiviral activity against different YFV strains. On the other hand, the development of host targeting agents are still at an initial stage and deserve further focused efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Desantis
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Konkolova E, Krejčová K, Eyer L, Hodek J, Zgarbová M, Fořtová A, Jirasek M, Teply F, Reyes-Gutierrez PE, Růžek D, Weber J, Boura E. A Helquat-like Compound as a Potent Inhibitor of Flaviviral and Coronaviral Polymerases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061894. [PMID: 35335258 PMCID: PMC8953834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+RNA) viruses have proven to be important pathogens that are able to threaten and deeply damage modern societies, as illustrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, compounds active against most or many +RNA viruses are urgently needed. Here, we present PR673, a helquat-like compound that is able to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and tick-borne encephalitis virus in cell culture. Using in vitro polymerase assays, we demonstrate that PR673 inhibits RNA synthesis by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). Our results illustrate that the development of broad-spectrum non-nucleoside inhibitors of RdRps is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Konkolova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Kateřina Krejčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.E.); (A.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Michala Zgarbová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Andrea Fořtová
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.E.); (A.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Michael Jirasek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Filip Teply
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Paul E. Reyes-Gutierrez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.E.); (A.F.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (M.J.); (F.T.); (P.E.R.-G.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Nucleosides and emerging viruses: a new story. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1945-1953. [PMID: 35189369 PMCID: PMC8856764 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With several US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and high barriers to resistance, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs remain the cornerstone of antiviral therapies for not only herpesviruses, but also HIV and hepatitis viruses (B and C); however, with the exception of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for which vaccines have been developed at unprecedented speed, there are no vaccines or small antivirals yet available for (re)emerging viruses, which are primarily RNA viruses. Thus, herein, we present an overview of ribonucleoside analogs recently developed and acting as inhibitors of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). They are new lead structures that will be exploited for the discovery of new antiviral nucleosides.
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12
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Insights from experience in the treatment of tick-borne bacterial coinfections with tick-borne encephalitis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Goryashchenko AS, Uvarova VI, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA. Discovery of small molecule antivirals targeting tick-borne encephalitis virus. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Hubálek Z. History of Arbovirus Research in the Czech Republic. Viruses 2021; 13:2334. [PMID: 34835140 PMCID: PMC8622538 DOI: 10.3390/v13112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to follow the history of studies on endemiv arboviruses and the diseases they cause which were detected in the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia (i.e., the Czech Republic)). The viruses involve tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile and Usutu flaviviruses; the Sindbis alphavirus; Ťahyňa, Batai, Lednice and Sedlec bunyaviruses; the Uukuniemi phlebovirus; and the Tribeč orbivirus. Arboviruses temporarily imported from abroad to the Czech Republic have been omitted. This brief historical review includes a bibliography of all relevant papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Uemura K, Nobori H, Sato A, Sanaki T, Toba S, Sasaki M, Murai A, Saito-Tarashima N, Minakawa N, Orba Y, Kariwa H, Hall WW, Sawa H, Matsuda A, Maenaka K. 5-Hydroxymethyltubercidin exhibits potent antiviral activity against flaviviruses and coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2021; 24:103120. [PMID: 34541466 PMCID: PMC8433052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging or re-emerging viral infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality every year worldwide, resulting in serious effects on both health and the global economy. Despite significant drug discovery research against dengue viruses (DENVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), no fully effective and specific drugs directed against these viruses have been discovered. Here, we examined the anti-DENV activity of tubercidin derivatives from a compound library from Hokkaido University and demonstrated that 5-hydroxymethyltubercidin (HMTU, HUP1108) possessed both potent anti-flavivirus and anti-coronavirus activities at submicromolar levels without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HMTU inhibited viral RNA replication and specifically inhibited replication at the late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infection process. Finally, we demonstrated that HMTU 5′-triphosphate inhibited RNA extension catalyzed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Our findings suggest that HMTU has the potential of serving as a lead compound for the development of a broad spectrum of antiviral agents, including SARS-CoV-2. We identified tubercidin derivatives as broad-spectrum antiviral compounds HMTU exhibited potent antiviral activity against flaviviruses and coronaviruses HMTU specifically inhibited replication at a late stage of the viral infection process HMTU 5′-triphosphate inhibited RNA extension catalyzed by viral RdRp
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Uemura
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruaki Nobori
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Takao Sanaki
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiho Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Minakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
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16
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Recovery of a Far-Eastern Strain of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus with a Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1375-1386. [PMID: 34191223 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogenic virus known to cause central nervous system (CNS) diseases in humans, and has become an increasing public health threat nowadays. The rates of TBEV infection in the endemic countries are increasing. However, there is no effective antiviral against the disease. This underscores the urgent need for tools to study the emergence and pathogenesis of TBEV and to accelerate the development of vaccines and antivirals. In this study, we reported an infectious cDNA clone of TBEV that was isolated in China (the WH2012 strain). A beta-globin intron was inserted in the coding region of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) gene to improve the stability of viral genome in bacteria. In mammalian cells, the inserted intron was excised and spliced precisely, which did not lead to the generation of inserted mutants. High titers of infectious progeny viruses were generated after the transfection of the infectious clone. The cDNA-derived TBEV replicated efficiently, and caused typical cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaques in BHK-21 cells. In addition, the CPE and growth curve of cDNA-derived virus were similar to that of its parental isolate in cells. Together, we have constructed the first infectious TBEV cDNA clone in China, and the clone can be used to investigate the genetic determinants of TBEV virulence and disease pathogenesis, and to develop countermeasures against the virus.
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17
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Dueva EV, Tuchynskaya KK, Kozlovskaya LI, Osolodkin DI, Sedenkova KN, Averina EB, Palyulin VA, Karganova GG. Spectrum of antiviral activity of 4-aminopyrimidine N-oxides against a broad panel of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains. Antivir Chem Chemother 2021; 28:2040206620943462. [PMID: 32811155 PMCID: PMC7545520 DOI: 10.1177/2040206620943462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis is an important human arbovirus neuroinfection spread across the Northern Eurasia. Inhibitors of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain Absettarov, presumably targeting E protein n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (β-OG) pocket, were reported earlier. In this work, these inhibitors were tested in vitro against seven strains representing three main TBEV subtypes. The most potent compound, 2-[(2-methyl-1-oxido-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-yl)amino]-phenol, showed EC50 values lower than 22 µM against all the tested strains. Nevertheless, EC50 values for virus samples of certain strains demonstrated a substantial variation, which appeared to be consistent with the presence of E protein not only in infectious virions, but also in non-infectious and immature virus particles, protein aggregates, and membrane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V Dueva
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia *The work on the basis of the FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" was performed by the author during her employment from 2012 to 2017
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia *The work on the basis of the FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" was performed by the author during her employment from 2012 to 2017
| | | | - Elena B Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina G Karganova
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia *The work on the basis of the FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" was performed by the author during her employment from 2012 to 2017
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18
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Lin X, Liang C, Zou L, Yin Y, Wang J, Chen D, Lan W. Advance of structural modification of nucleosides scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113233. [PMID: 33550179 PMCID: PMC7995807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With Remdesivir being approved by FDA as a drug for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), nucleoside drugs have once again received widespread attention in the medical community. Herein, we summarized modification of traditional nucleoside framework (sugar + base), traizole nucleosides, nucleoside analogues assembled by other drugs, macromolecule-modified nucleosides, and their bioactivity rules. 2′-“Ara”-substituted by –F or –CN group, and 3′-“ara” substituted by acetylenyl group can greatly influence their anti-tumor activities. Dideoxy dehydrogenation of 2′,3′-sites can enhance antiviral efficiencies. Acyclic nucleosides and L-type nucleosides mainly represented antiviral capabilities. 5-F Substituted uracil analogues exihibit anti-tumor effects, and the substrates substituted by –I, –CF3, bromovinyl group usually show antiviral activities. The sugar coupled with 1-N of triazolid usually displays anti-tumor efficiencies, while the sugar coupled with 2-N of triazolid mainly represents antiviral activities. The nucleoside analogues assembled by cholesterol, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid and phospholipid would improve their bioavailabilities and bioactivities, or reduce their toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | | | - Lianjia Zou
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Yanchun Yin
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Weisen Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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19
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Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of 3'-Deoxy-3'-Fluoroadenosine against Emerging Flaviviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.01522-20. [PMID: 33229424 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01522-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging flaviviruses are causative agents of severe and life-threatening diseases, against which no approved therapies are available. Among the nucleoside analogues, which represent a promising group of potentially therapeutic compounds, fluorine-substituted nucleosides are characterized by unique structural and functional properties. Despite having first been synthesized almost 5 decades ago, they still offer new therapeutic opportunities as inhibitors of essential viral or cellular enzymes active in nucleic acid replication/transcription or nucleoside/nucleotide metabolism. Here, we report evaluation of the antiflaviviral activity of 28 nucleoside analogues, each modified with a fluoro substituent at different positions of the ribose ring and/or heterocyclic nucleobase. Our antiviral screening revealed that 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine exerted a low-micromolar antiviral effect against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus, and West Nile virus (WNV) (EC50 values from 1.1 ± 0.1 μM to 4.7 ± 1.5 μM), which was manifested in host cell lines of neural and extraneural origin. The compound did not display any measurable cytotoxicity up to concentrations of 25 μM but had an observable cytostatic effect, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation at concentrations of >12.5 μM. Novel approaches based on quantitative phase imaging using holographic microscopy were developed for advanced characterization of antiviral and cytotoxic profiles of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine in vitro In addition to its antiviral activity in cell cultures, 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine was active in vivo in mouse models of TBEV and WNV infection. Our results demonstrate that fluoro-modified nucleosides represent a group of bioactive molecules with excellent potential to serve as prospective broad-spectrum antivirals in antiviral research and drug development.
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20
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Haviernik J, Eyer L, Yoshii K, Kobayashi S, Cerny J, Nougairède A, Driouich JS, Volf J, Palus M, de Lamballerie X, Gould EA, Ruzek D. Development and characterization of recombinant tick-borne encephalitis virus expressing mCherry reporter protein: A new tool for high-throughput screening of antiviral compounds, and neutralizing antibody assays. Antiviral Res 2021; 185:104968. [PMID: 33157129 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks and may cause severe and potentially lethal neurological tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans. Studying TBEV requires the use of secondary methodologies to detect the virus in infected cells. To overcome this problem, we rationally designed and constructed a recombinant reporter TBEV that stably expressed the mCherry reporter protein. The resulting TBEV reporter virus (named mCherry-TBEV) and wild-type parental TBEV exhibited similar growth kinetics in cultured cells; however, the mCherry-TBEV virus produced smaller plaques. The magnitude of mCherry expression correlated well with progeny virus production but remained stable over <4 passages in cell culture. Using well-characterized antiviral compounds known to inhibit TBEV, 2'-C-methyladenosine and 2'-deoxy-2'-β-hydroxy-4'-azidocytidine (RO-9187), we demonstrated that mCherry-TBEV is suitable for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. Serum samples from a TBEV-vaccinated human and a TBEV-infected dog were used to evaluate the mCherry-based neutralization test. Collectively, recombinant mCherry-TBEV reporter virus described here provides a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of potential antiviral agents, and to measure levels of neutralizing antibodies in human and animal sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haviernik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan; Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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21
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Brzuska G, Pastuch-Gawolek G, Krawczyk M, Szewczyk B, Krol E. Anti-Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Activity of Novel Uridine Glycoconjugates Containing Amide or/and 1,2,3-Triazole Moiety in the Linker Structure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120460. [PMID: 33322151 PMCID: PMC7764612 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) transmitted by ticks is a pathogen of great medical importance. As still no effective antiviral treatment is available, in the present study, a series of uridine glycoconjugates containing amide or/and 1,2,3-triazole moiety in the linker structure was synthesized and evaluated for the antiviral activity against two strains of TBEV: a highly virulent Hypr strain and less virulent Neudoerfl strain, using standardized previously in vitro assays. Our data have shown that four compounds from the series (18–21) possess strong activity against both TBEV strains. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compounds 18–21 were between 15.1 and 3.7 μM depending on the virus strain, which along with low cytotoxicity resulted in high values of the selectivity index (SI). The obtained results suggest that these compounds may be promising candidates for further development of new therapies against flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Gabriela Pastuch-Gawolek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (G.P.-G.); (M.K.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (G.P.-G.); (M.K.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (G.B.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-63-83
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22
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Felicetti T, Manfroni G, Cecchetti V, Cannalire R. Broad-Spectrum Flavivirus Inhibitors: a Medicinal Chemistry Point of View. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2391-2419. [PMID: 32961008 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections by flaviviruses, such as Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses, represent a growing risk for global health. There are vaccines only for few flaviviruses while no effective treatments are available. Flaviviruses share epidemiological, structural, and ecologic features and often different viruses can co-infect the same host. Therefore, the identification of broad-spectrum inhibitors is highly desirable either for known flaviviruses or for viruses that likely will emerge in the future. Strategies targeting both virus and host factors have been pursued to identify broad-spectrum antiflaviviral agents. In this review, we describe the most promising and best characterized targets and their relative broad-spectrum inhibitors, identified by drug repurposing/libraries screenings and by focused medicinal chemistry campaigns. Finally, we discuss about future strategies to identify new broad-spectrum antiflavivirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Konkolova E, Dejmek M, Hřebabecký H, Šála M, Böserle J, Nencka R, Boura E. Remdesivir triphosphate can efficiently inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from various flaviviruses. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104899. [PMID: 32763313 PMCID: PMC7403104 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir was shown to inhibit RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases (RdRp) from distinct viral families such as from Filoviridae (Ebola) and Coronaviridae (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS). In this study, we tested the ability of remdesivir to inhibit RdRps from the Flaviviridae family. Instead of remdesivir, we used the active species that is produced in cells from remdesivir, the appropriate triphosphate, which could be directly tested in vitro using recombinant flaviviral polymerases. Our results show that remdesivir can efficiently inhibit RdRps from viruses causing severe illnesses such as Yellow fever, West Nile fever, Japanese and Tick-borne encephalitis, Zika and Dengue. Taken together, this study demonstrates that remdesivir or its derivatives have the potential to become a broad-spectrum antiviral agent effective against many RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Konkolova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Hřebabecký
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Böserle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, V.v.i., Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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24
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Stefanik M, Valdes JJ, Ezebuo FC, Haviernik J, Uzochukwu IC, Fojtikova M, Salat J, Eyer L, Ruzek D. FDA-Approved Drugs Efavirenz, Tipranavir, and Dasabuvir Inhibit Replication of Multiple Flaviviruses in Vero Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040599. [PMID: 32326119 PMCID: PMC7232190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne flaviviruses (VBFs) affect human health worldwide, but no approved drugs are available specifically to treat VBF-associated infections. Here, we performed in silico screening of a library of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral drugs for their interaction with Zika virus proteins. Twelve hit drugs were identified by the docking experiments and tested in cell-based antiviral assay systems. Efavirenz, tipranavir, and dasabuvir at micromolar concentrations were identified to inhibit all VBFs tested; i.e., two representatives of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (Zika and West Nile viruses) and one representative of flaviviruses transmitted by ticks (tick-borne encephalitis virus). The results warrant further research into these drugs, either individually or in combination, as possible pan-flavivirus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stefanik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James J. Valdes
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fortunatus C. Ezebuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025 Awka 420281, Nigeria; (F.C.E.); (I.C.U.)
| | - Jan Haviernik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ikemefuna C. Uzochukwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025 Awka 420281, Nigeria; (F.C.E.); (I.C.U.)
| | - Martina Fojtikova
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Jiri Salat
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.J.V.); (J.H.); (M.F.); (J.S.); (L.E.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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25
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Gejji V, Svoboda P, Stefanik M, Wang H, Salat J, Eyer L, Ruzek D, Fernando S. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor for tick-borne encephalitis virus. Virology 2020; 546:13-19. [PMID: 32452412 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a medically important representative of the Flaviviridae family. The TBEV genome encodes a single polyprotein, which is co/post-translationally cleaved into three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Of the non-structural proteins, NS5, contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain that is highly conserved and is responsible for the genome replication. Screening for potential antivirals was done using a hybrid receptor and ligand-based pharmacophore search likely targeting the RdRp domain. For the identification of pharmacophores, a mixture of small probe molecules and nucleotide triphosphates were used. The ligand/receptor interaction screenings of structures from the ZINC database resulted in five compounds. Zinc 3677 and 7151 exhibited lower cytotoxicity and were tested for their antiviral effect against TBEV in vitro. Zinc 3677 inhibited TBEV at micromolar concentrations. The results indicate that Zinc 3677 represents a good target for structure-activity optimizations leading potentially to a discovery of effective TBEV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Gejji
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Stefanik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Jiri Salat
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sandun Fernando
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States.
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26
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Slesarchuk NA, Khvatov EV, Chistov AA, Proskurin GV, Nikitin TD, Lazarevich AI, Ulanovskaya AA, Ulashchik EA, Orlov AA, Jegorov AV, Ustinov AV, Tyurin AP, Shmanai VV, Ishmukhametov AA, Korshun VA, Osolodkin DI, Kozlovskaya LI, Aralov AV. Simplistic perylene-related compounds as inhibitors of tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127100. [PMID: 32199731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors are potent broad-spectrum antivirals based on the perylene scaffold, usually decorated with a hydrophilic group linked via ethynyl or triazole. We have sequentially simplified these structures by removing sugar moiety, then converting uridine to aniline, then moving to perylenylthiophenecarboxylic acids and to perylenylcarboxylic acid. All these polyaromatic compounds, as well as antibiotic heliomycin, still showed pronounced activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) with limited toxicity in porcine embryo kidney (PEK) cell line. 5-(Perylen-3-yl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (5a) showed the highest antiviral activity with 50% effective concentration of approx. 1.6 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Slesarchuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; FSBSI «Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS», Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Gleb V Proskurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Timofei D Nikitin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasiya I Lazarevich
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Angelina A Ulanovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | | | | | - Artjom V Jegorov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 117312, Russia.
| | - Anton P Tyurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 117312, Russia; Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physico-Organic Chemistry, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSBSI «Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS», Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 117312, Russia; Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; FSBSI «Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS», Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI «Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS», Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey V Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
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27
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Sinigaglia A, Peta E, Riccetti S, Barzon L. New avenues for therapeutic discovery against West Nile virus. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:333-348. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1714586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elektra Peta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Riccetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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28
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Procházková E, Hřebabecký H, Dejmek M, Šála M, Šmídková M, Tloušťová E, Zborníková E, Eyer L, Růžek D, Nencka R. Could 5'-N and S ProTide analogues work as prodrugs of antiviral agents? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126897. [PMID: 31882298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoside/nucleotide derived antiviral agents have been the most important components of antiviral therapy used in clinics. Recently, the focus of the medicinal chemists within this exciting research field has been affected mainly by the lack of effective therapies for the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and several other "neglected" diseases caused by viruses such as Zika or Dengue. 2'-Methyl modified nucleosides and their monophosphate prodrugs (ProTides) have revolutionized the therapies for HCV in the last few years and, according to the latest research efforts, have also brought a promise for treatment of diseases caused by other members of Flaviviridae family. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of 5'-N and S modified ProTides derived from 2'-methyladenosine. We studied potential applicability of these derivatives as prodrugs of this archetypal antiviral compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Hřebabecký
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šmídková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zborníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
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29
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Borde JP, Kaier K, Hehn P, Böhmer MM, Kreusch TM, Dobler G. Tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in Germany. Seasonality and in-year patterns. A retrospective analysis from 2001-2018. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224044. [PMID: 31671121 PMCID: PMC6822726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding the changing seasonality of infections with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and the incidence of the resulting disease over the last two decades. Seasonal patterns have to our knowledge not previously been systematically investigated and are poorly understood. We investigate emerging seasonal changes in clinical aspects like potentially increasing hospitalization during the year, variations in clinical symptoms and disease severity during the season and seasonal dynamics of fatal outcomes. Material and methods TBEV infection became a notifiable disease in Germany in 2001. We used the national reporting dataset spanning from 2001–2018, provided by the Robert Koch-Institute (RKI). There were general epidemiological variables available, including “symptom onset”, “age” and “sex”. Furthermore, several variables documented disease severity. These included “CNS symptoms”, “myelitis”, “fatal outcome” and “hospitalization”. Potential factors influencing the occurrence of CNS symptoms, myelitis, hospitalizations and fatal outcome were analyzed using logistic regression models. Linear trends, including the “time point in year” at which TBEV infection related symptoms were detected, were tested using calendar year as a continuous covariate. In addition, seasonal trends and age and sex specific differences were exploratively tested for non-linear effects using restricted cubic splines with knot locations based on Harrell's recommended percentiles. Finally, the dynamic relationship between in-seasonal trends year of detection, sex and age was tested using interaction terms. Results 6,073 TBEV infection cases from 2001–2018 were included in our analysis. We find that from 2001–2018 TBEV infections are reported 0.69 days earlier each year (p<0.001). There was no detectable seasonal variation regarding the occurrence of fatal outcome, CNS and myelitis. However, there was a significant changing trend regarding hospitalizations over the course of the year: The risk for hospitalization increases until August, decreases again from October on. Conclusion We present epidemiological evidence that the TBE season in Germany has shifted to start earlier over the last years, beginning approximately 12 days earlier in 2018 than it did in 2001. There are seasonal patterns regarding a higher risk of hospitalization during August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P. Borde
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
- Praxis PD Dr. J. Borde & Kollegen / Gesundheitszentrum Oberkirch, Am Marktplatz, Oberkirch, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hehn
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Merle M. Böhmer
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Taskforce Infectiology/Airport Veterinaerstraße, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Teresa M. Kreusch
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, German National Reference Laboratory for TBEV, Neuherbergstraße, München, Germany
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30
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Nucleoside Analogs with Antiviral Activity against Yellow Fever Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00889-19. [PMID: 31262759 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00889-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a human Flavivirus reemerging in parts of the world. While a vaccine is available, large outbreaks have recently occurred in Brazil and certain African countries. Development of an effective antiviral against YFV is crucial, as there is no available effective drug against YFV. We have identified several novel nucleoside analogs with potent antiviral activity against YFV with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values between 0.25 and 1 μM with selectivity indices over 100 in culture.
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31
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Orlov AA, Zherebker A, Eletskaya AA, Chernikov VS, Kozlovskaya LI, Zhernov YV, Kostyukevich Y, Palyulin VA, Nikolaev EN, Osolodkin DI, Perminova IV. Examination of molecular space and feasible structures of bioactive components of humic substances by FTICR MS data mining in ChEMBL database. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12066. [PMID: 31427609 PMCID: PMC6700089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are complex natural mixtures comprising a large variety of compounds produced during decomposition of decaying biomass. The molecular composition of HS is extremely diverse as it was demonstrated with the use of high resolution mass spectrometry. The building blocks of HS are mostly represented by plant-derived biomolecules (lignins, lipids, tannins, carbohydrates, etc.). As a result, HS show a wide spectrum of biological activity. Despite that, HS remain a 'biological activity black-box' due to unknown structures of constituents responsible for the interaction with molecular targets. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of eight HS fractions isolated from peat and coal, as well as of two synthetic humic-like materials. We determined molecular compositions of the corresponding samples using ultra-high resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass-spectrometry (FTICR MS). Inhibitory activity of HS was studied with respect to reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is a representative of Flavivirus genus, and to a panel of enteroviruses (EVs). The samples of natural HS inhibited TBEV reproduction already at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, but they did not inhibit reproduction of EVs. We found that the total relative intensity of FTICR MS formulae within elemental composition range commonly attributed to flavonoid-like structures is correlating with the activity of the samples. In order to surmise on possible active structural components of HS, we mined formulae within FTICR MS assignments in the ChEMBL database. Out of 6502 formulae within FTICR MS assignments, 3852 were found in ChEMBL. There were more than 71 thousand compounds related to these formulae in ChEMBL. To support chemical relevance of these compounds to natural HS we applied the previously developed approach of selective isotopic exchange coupled to FTICR MS to obtain structural information on the individual components of HS. This enabled to propose compounds from ChEMBL, which corroborated the labeling data. The obtained results provide the first insight onto the possible structures, which comprise antiviral components of HS and, respectively, can be used for further disclosure of antiviral activity mechanism of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Orlov
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Eletskaya
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yury V Zhernov
- State Research Center "Institute of Immunology" of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Yury Kostyukevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Eugene N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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32
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An E460D Substitution in the NS5 Protein of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Confers Resistance to the Inhibitor Galidesivir (BCX4430) and Also Attenuates the Virus for Mice. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00367-19. [PMID: 31142664 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00367-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine analogue galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, has entered a phase 1 clinical safety and pharmacokinetics study in healthy subjects and is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections. Moreover, galidesivir also inhibits the reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and numerous other medically important flaviviruses. Until now, studies of this antiviral agent have not yielded resistant viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an E460D substitution in the active site of TBEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) confers resistance to galidesivir in cell culture. Galidesivir-resistant TBEV exhibited no cross-resistance to structurally different antiviral nucleoside analogues, such as 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine, 2'-C-methyladenosine, and 4'-azido-aracytidine. Although the E460D substitution led to only a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in vivo, with a 100% survival rate and no clinical signs observed in infected mice. Furthermore, no virus was detected in the sera, spleen, or brain of mice inoculated with the galidesivir-resistant TBEV. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity, flavivirus resistance to nucleoside inhibitors, and the potential contribution of viral RdRp to flavivirus neurovirulence.IMPORTANCE Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogen that causes severe human neuroinfections in Europe and Asia and for which there is currently no specific therapy. We have previously found that galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, which is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections, has a strong antiviral effect against TBEV. For any antiviral drug, it is important to generate drug-resistant mutants to understand how the drug works. Here, we produced TBEV mutants resistant to galidesivir and found that the resistance is caused by a single amino acid substitution in an active site of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme which is crucial for replication of the viral RNA genome. Although this substitution led only to a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in a mouse model. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity.
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Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor 7-Deaza-2'- C-Methyladenosine Prevents Death in a Mouse Model of West Nile Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02093-18. [PMID: 30642926 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02093-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a medically important emerging arbovirus causing serious neuroinfections in humans and against which no approved antiviral therapy is currently available. In this study, we demonstrate that 2'-C-methyl- or 4'-azido-modified nucleosides are highly effective inhibitors of WNV replication, showing nanomolar or low micromolar anti-WNV activity and negligible cytotoxicity in cell culture. One representative of C2'-methylated nucleosides, 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine, significantly protected WNV-infected mice from disease progression and mortality. Twice daily treatment at 25 mg/kg starting at the time of infection resulted in 100% survival of the mice. This compound was highly effective, even if the treatment was initiated 3 days postinfection, at the time of a peak of viremia, which resulted in a 90% survival rate. However, the antiviral effect of 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine was absent or negligible when the treatment was started 8 days postinfection (i.e., at the time of extensive brain infection). The 4'-azido moiety appears to be another important determinant for highly efficient inhibition of WNV replication in vitro However, the strong anti-WNV effect of 4'-azidocytidine and 4'-azido-aracytidine was cell type dependent and observed predominantly in porcine kidney stable (PS) cells. The effect was much less pronounced in Vero cells. Our results indicate that 2'-C-methylated or 4'-azidated nucleosides merit further investigation as potential therapeutic agents for treating WNV infections as well as infections caused by other medically important flaviviruses.
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Orlov AA, Khvatov EV, Koruchekov AA, Nikitina AA, Zolotareva AD, Eletskaya AA, Kozlovskaya LI, Palyulin VA, Horvath D, Osolodkin DI, Varnek A. Getting to Know the Neighbours with GTM: The Case of Antiviral Compounds. Mol Inform 2019; 38:e1800166. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Orlov
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Alexander A. Koruchekov
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Nikitina
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anastasia D. Zolotareva
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Eletskaya
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Dragos Horvath
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Strasbourg Strasbourg 67081 France
| | - Dmitry I. Osolodkin
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” Moscow 108819 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Strasbourg Strasbourg 67081 France
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Yates MK, Seley-Radtke KL. The evolution of antiviral nucleoside analogues: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: Complex modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2019; 162:5-21. [PMID: 30529089 PMCID: PMC6349489 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. As with the first paper, rather than providing a chronological account, we have chosen to examine particular examples of structural modifications made to nucleoside analogues that have proven fruitful as various antiviral, anticancer, and other therapeutics. The first review covered the more common, and in most cases, single modifications to the sugar and base moieties of the nucleoside scaffold. This paper focuses on more recent developments, especially nucleoside analogues that contain more than one modification to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these two articles will provide an informative historical perspective of some of the successfully designed analogues, as well as many candidate compounds that encountered obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Yates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and Russia: Review of pathogenesis, clinical features, therapy, and vaccines. Antiviral Res 2019; 164:23-51. [PMID: 30710567 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an illness caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection which is often limited to a febrile illness, but may lead to very aggressive downstream neurological manifestations. The disease is prevalent in forested areas of Europe and northeastern Asia, and is typically caused by infection involving one of three TBEV subtypes, namely the European (TBEV-Eu), the Siberian (TBEV-Sib), or the Far Eastern (TBEV-FE) subtypes. In addition to the three main TBEV subtypes, two other subtypes; i.e., the Baikalian (TBEV-Bkl) and the Himalayan subtype (TBEV-Him), have been described recently. In Europe, TBEV-Eu infection usually results in only mild TBE associated with a mortality rate of <2%. TBEV-Sib infection also results in a generally mild TBE associated with a non-paralytic febrile form of encephalitis, although there is a tendency towards persistent TBE caused by chronic viral infection. TBE-FE infection is considered to induce the most severe forms of TBE. Importantly though, viral subtype is not the sole determinant of TBE severity; both mild and severe cases of TBE are in fact associated with infection by any of the subtypes. In keeping with this observation, the overall TBE mortality rate in Russia is ∼2%, in spite of the fact that TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE subtypes appear to be inducers of more severe TBE than TBEV-Eu. On the other hand, TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE subtype infections in Russia are associated with essentially unique forms of TBE rarely seen elsewhere if at all, such as the hemorrhagic and chronic (progressive) forms of the disease. For post-exposure prophylaxis and TBE treatment in Russia and Kazakhstan, a specific anti-TBEV immunoglobulin is currently used with well-documented efficacy, but the use of specific TBEV immunoglobulins has been discontinued in Europe due to concerns regarding antibody-enhanced disease in naïve individuals. Therefore, new treatments are essential. This review summarizes available data on the pathogenesis and clinical features of TBE, plus different vaccine preparations available in Europe and Russia. In addition, new treatment possibilities, including small molecule drugs and experimental immunotherapies are reviewed. The authors caution that their descriptions of approved or experimental therapies should not be considered to be recommendations for patient care.
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Tokarenko A, Lišková B, Smoleń S, Táborská N, Tichý M, Gurská S, Perlíková P, Frydrych I, Tloušt'ová E, Znojek P, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Poštová Slavětínská L, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Khalid NUA, Wenren Y, Laposa RR, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Cytotoxic and Antiviral Profiling of Pyrrolo- and Furo-Fused 7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9347-9359. [PMID: 30281308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three series of isomeric pyrrolo- and furo-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides were synthesized and screened for cytostatic and antiviral activity. The synthesis was based on heterocyclizations of hetaryl-azidopyrimidines to form the tricyclic heterocyclic bases, followed by glycosylation and final derivatizations through cross-coupling reactions or nucleophilic substitutions. The pyrrolo[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine and furo[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides were found to be potent cytostatics, whereas the isomeric pyrrolo[3',2',4,5]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine nucleosides were inactive. The most active were the methyl, methoxy, and methylsulfanyl derivatives exerting submicromolar cytostatic effects and good selectivity toward cancer cells. We have shown that the nucleosides are activated by intracellular phosphorylation and the nucleotides get incorporated to both RNA and DNA, where they cause DNA damage. They represent a new type of promising candidates for preclinical development toward antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tokarenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8 , CZ-12843 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Smoleń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Natálie Táborská
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frydrych
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Pawel Znojek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Khalid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Room 4213 , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Yiqian Wenren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Room 4213 , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Rebecca R Laposa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Room 4213 , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Petr Džubák
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Czech Republic , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Czech Republic , Hněvotínská 5 , CZ-775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8 , CZ-12843 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
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38
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Lenz N, Engler O, Grandgirard D, Leib SL, Ackermann-Gäumann R. Evaluation of antivirals against tick-borne encephalitis virus in organotypic brain slices of rat cerebellum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205294. [PMID: 30300398 PMCID: PMC6177190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes life-threatening disease, and accounts for most cases of tick-transmitted viral infections in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. No specific treatment for TBEV infections exists, and vaccination is recommended for people at risk. So far, various nucleoside analogues have been investigated in vitro as potential candidates for treatment of TBEV infections. However, in vitro experiments with more complex cell culture systems, such as organotypic culture slices which model the sophisticated architecture of the target tissue are lacking. Using TBEV as a model, we investigated the suitability of rat organotypic cerebellum slices (OCS) to study the effectiveness of nucleoside analogues with a well-known anti-TBEV activity. In these OCS, 50 μM of the nucleoside analogues 2’-C-methyladenosine (2’-CMA) and especially 7-deaza-2’-C-methyladenosine (7-deaza-2’-CMA) exhibited strong inhibitory effects on TBEV replication, reducing viral titers to an average of 103-fold and TBEV RNA content 60-90-fold. In contrast, the influence of 2’-C-methylcytidine (2’-CMC) on TBEV replication was very weak, reducing virus titers by 10-fold and TBEV RNA content by 3-fold. In agreement with other studies, there was no noticeable difference in TBEV titers between OCS treated with 50 μM of Ribavirin and the DMSO treated controls. All tested nucleoside analogues exhibited excellent cytotoxicity profiles at concentrations of 50 μM. Our findings in OCS were highly comparable to data obtained in cell line culture systems. Therefore, OCS represent an ideal in vitro approach to study antivirals against TBEV and possibly other neurotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lenz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Engler
- Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L. Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rahel Ackermann-Gäumann
- Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
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39
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Proskurin GV, Orlov AA, Brylev VA, Kozlovskaya LI, Chistov AA, Karganova GG, Palyulin VA, Osolodkin DI, Korshun VA, Aralov AV. 3′-O-Substituted 5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-2′-deoxyuridines as tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang B, Thurmond S, Hai R, Song J. Structure and function of Zika virus NS5 protein: perspectives for drug design. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1723-1736. [PMID: 29423529 PMCID: PMC5911220 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the positive-sense single-stranded RNA-containing Flaviviridae family. Its recent outbreak and association with human diseases (e.g. neurological disorders) have raised global health concerns, and an urgency to develop a therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection. However, there is no currently approved antiviral against ZIKV. Here we present a comprehensive overview on recent progress in structure-function investigation of ZIKV NS5 protein, the largest non-structural protein of ZIKV, which is responsible for replication of the viral genome, RNA capping and suppression of host interferon responses. Structural comparison of the N-terminal methyltransferase domain and C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of ZIKV NS5 with their counterparts from related viruses provides mechanistic insights into ZIKV NS5-mediated RNA replication, and identifies residues critical for its enzymatic activities. Finally, a collection of recently identified small molecule inhibitors against ZIKV NS5 or its closely related flavivirus homologues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Stephanie Thurmond
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology , University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology , University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jikui Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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41
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Orlov AA, Eletskaya AA, Frolov KA, Golinets AD, Palyulin VA, Krivokolysko SG, Kozlovskaya LI, Dotsenko VV, Osolodkin DI. Probing chemical space of tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction inhibitors with organoselenium compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700353. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Orlov
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS; Poselok Instituta Poliomielita; Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A. Eletskaya
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS; Poselok Instituta Poliomielita; Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Fundamental Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Anastasia D. Golinets
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS; Poselok Instituta Poliomielita; Moscow Russian Federation
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS; Poselok Instituta Poliomielita; Moscow Russian Federation
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Victor V. Dotsenko
- Kuban State University; Krasnodar Russian Federation
- North Caucasus Federal University; Stavropol Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry I. Osolodkin
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS; Poselok Instituta Poliomielita; Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russian Federation
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russian Federation
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42
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Lo MK, Jordan PC, Stevens S, Tam Y, Deval J, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Susceptibility of paramyxoviruses and filoviruses to inhibition by 2'-monofluoro- and 2'-difluoro-4'-azidocytidine analogs. Antiviral Res 2018; 153:101-113. [PMID: 29601894 PMCID: PMC6066796 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses, marburgviruses, and henipaviruses are zoonotic pathogens belonging to the Filoviridae and Paramyxoviridae families. They exemplify viruses that continue to spill over into the human population, causing outbreaks characterized by high mortality and significant clinical sequelae in survivors of infection. There are currently no approved small molecule therapeutics for use in humans against these viruses. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the nucleoside analog 4'-azidocytidine (4'N3-C, R1479) and its 2'-monofluoro- and 2'-difluoro-modified analogs (2'F-4'N3-C and 2'diF-4'N3-C) against representative paramyxoviruses (Nipah virus, Hendra virus, measles virus, and human parainfluenza virus 3) and filoviruses (Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Ravn virus). We observed enhanced antiviral activity against paramyxoviruses with both 2'diF-4'N3-C and 2'F-4'N3-C compared to R1479. On the other hand, while R1479 and 2'diF-4'N3-C inhibited filoviruses similarly to paramyxoviruses, we observed 10-fold lower filovirus inhibition by 2'F-4'N3-C. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the susceptibility of paramyxoviruses and filoviruses to R1479 and its 2'-fluoro-modified analogs. The activity of these compounds against negative-strand RNA viruses endorses the development of 4'-modified nucleoside analogs as broad-spectrum therapeutics against zoonotic viruses of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Paul C Jordan
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stevens
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuen Tam
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Deval
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Eyer L, Nencka R, de Clercq E, Seley-Radtke K, Růžek D. Nucleoside analogs as a rich source of antiviral agents active against arthropod-borne flaviviruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618761299. [PMID: 29534608 PMCID: PMC5890575 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618761299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs represent the largest class of small molecule-based antivirals, which currently form the backbone of chemotherapy of chronic infections caused by HIV, hepatitis B or C viruses, and herpes viruses. High antiviral potency and favorable pharmacokinetics parameters make some nucleoside analogs suitable also for the treatment of acute infections caused by other medically important RNA and DNA viruses. This review summarizes available information on antiviral research of nucleoside analogs against arthropod-borne members of the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae, being primarily focused on description of nucleoside inhibitors of flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, methyltransferase, and helicase/NTPase. Inhibitors of intracellular nucleoside synthesis and newly discovered nucleoside derivatives with high antiflavivirus potency, whose modes of action are currently not completely understood, have drawn attention. Moreover, this review highlights important challenges and complications in nucleoside analog development and suggests possible strategies to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik de Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Růžek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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44
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Hřebabecký H, Dračínský M, Procházková E, Šála M, Mackman R, Nencka R. Control of α/β Anomer Formation by a 2',5' Bridge: Toward Nucleoside Derivatives Locked in the South Conformation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11337-11347. [PMID: 28972760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel stereoselective synthesis of nucleoside derivatives with the ribose ring locked in the South conformation by a bridge between C2' and C5'. Despite the intrinsic constraints of the bicyclic structure, we demonstrate that their synthesis can be achieved by ring closing metathesis of readily accessible precursors. The obtained ribose derivatives are, however, very poor substrates for further installation of the nucleobases, and even simple nucleophiles, such as azido or cyano anions, react with unexpected stereo- or regioselectivity under standard glycosylation conditions. Here we explain this behavior by employing density functional theory (DFT) computations and devise an alternative approach resulting in isomers with the desired orientation of the nucleobase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hřebabecký
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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45
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Perlíková P, Hocek M. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (7-deazapurine) as a privileged scaffold in design of antitumor and antiviral nucleosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1429-1460. [PMID: 28834581 PMCID: PMC5656927 DOI: 10.1002/med.21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
7-Deazapurine (pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) nucleosides are important analogues of biogenic purine nucleosides with diverse biological activities. Replacement of the N7 atom with a carbon atom makes the five-membered ring more electron rich and brings a possibility of attaching additional substituents at the C7 position. This often leads to derivatives with increased base-pairing in DNA or RNA or better binding to enzymes. Several types of 7-deazapurine nucleosides with potent cytostatic or cytotoxic effects have been identified. The most promising are 7-hetaryl-7-deazaadenosines, which are activated in cancer cells by phosphorylation and get incorporated both to RNA (causing inhibition of proteosynthesis) and to DNA (causing DNA damage). Mechanism of action of other types of cytostatic nucleosides, 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine and thieno-fused deazapurine ribonucleosides, is not yet known. Many 7-deazaadenosine derivatives are potent inhibitors of adenosine kinases. Many types of sugar-modified derivatives of 7-deazapurine nucleosides are also strong antivirals. Most important are 2'-C-methylribo- or 2'-C-methyl-2'-fluororibonucleosides with anti-HCV activities (several compounds underwent clinical trials). Some underexplored areas of potential interest are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesCZ‐16610Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesCZ‐16610Prague 6Czech Republic
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueCZ‐12843Prague 2Czech Republic
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46
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Escape of Tick-Borne Flavivirus from 2'- C-Methylated Nucleoside Antivirals Is Mediated by a Single Conservative Mutation in NS5 That Has a Dramatic Effect on Viral Fitness. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01028-17. [PMID: 28814513 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01028-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a severe and potentially fatal neuroinfection in humans. Despite its high medical relevance, no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. Here we demonstrate that treatment with a nucleoside analog, 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7-deaza-2'-CMA), substantially improved disease outcomes, increased survival, and reduced signs of neuroinfection and viral titers in the brains of mice infected with a lethal dose of TBEV. To investigate the mechanism of action of 7-deaza-2'-CMA, two drug-resistant TBEV clones were generated and characterized. The two clones shared a signature amino acid substitution, S603T, in the viral NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. This mutation conferred resistance to various 2'-C-methylated nucleoside derivatives, but no cross-resistance was seen with other nucleoside analogs, such as 4'-C-azidocytidine and 2'-deoxy-2'-beta-hydroxy-4'-azidocytidine (RO-9187). All-atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the S603T RdRp mutant repels a water molecule that coordinates the position of a metal ion cofactor as 2'-C-methylated nucleoside analogs approach the active site. To investigate its phenotype, the S603T mutation was introduced into a recombinant TBEV strain (Oshima-IC) generated from an infectious cDNA clone and into a TBEV replicon that expresses a reporter luciferase gene (Oshima-REP-luc2A). The mutants were replication impaired, showing reduced growth and a small plaque size in mammalian cell culture and reduced levels of neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence in rodent models. These results indicate that TBEV resistance to 2'-C-methylated nucleoside inhibitors is conferred by a single conservative mutation that causes a subtle atomic effect within the active site of the viral NS5 RdRp and is associated with strong attenuation of the virus.IMPORTANCE This study found that the nucleoside analog 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7-deaza-2'-CMA) has high antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a pathogen that causes severe human neuroinfections in large areas of Europe and Asia and for which there is currently no specific therapy. Treating mice infected with a lethal dose of TBEV with 7-deaza-2'-CMA resulted in significantly higher survival rates and reduced the severity of neurological signs of the disease. Thus, this compound shows promise for further development as an anti-TBEV drug. It is important to generate drug-resistant mutants to understand how the drug works and to develop guidelines for patient treatment. We generated TBEV mutants that were resistant not only to 7-deaza-2'-CMA but also to a broad range of other 2'-C-methylated antiviral medications. Our findings suggest that combination therapy may be used to improve treatment and reduce the emergence of drug-resistant viruses during nucleoside analog therapy for TBEV infection.
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47
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Aralov AV, Proskurin GV, Orlov AA, Kozlovskaya LI, Chistov AA, Kutyakov SV, Karganova GG, Palyulin VA, Osolodkin DI, Korshun VA. Perylenyltriazoles inhibit reproduction of enveloped viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:293-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Galabov AS, Mukova L, Abashev YP, Wassilewa L, Tzvetkov P, Minkov V, Barinskiy IF, Rice CM, Ouzounov S, Sidzhakova D. Cycluridine: A novel antiviral effective against flaviviruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2017; 25:58-67. [PMID: 28768435 PMCID: PMC5890530 DOI: 10.1177/2040206617723442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the contemporary state of research for antivirals effective against flaviviruses, especially focusing on inhibitors of the pestivirus causative agent of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. We highlight cycluridine, an originally synthesized Mannich’s base [a tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinones derivative], as a highly effective antiviral possessing a strong inhibitory effect on bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication. Cycluridine was active against replication of a wide variety of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains in cell cultures. The drug-sensitive period in the bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication cycle included the latent period and the exponential phase; a 90-min delay in the peak of viral RNA synthesis was observed. Cycluridine administered orally manifested a pronounced protective effect in calves with natural mucosal disease/viral diarrhoea and calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Its magnitude of activity and selectivity places cycluridine in the lead among all known substances with anti- bovine viral diarrhoea virus activity. Additionally, cycluridine applied subcutaneously showed anti-tick-born encephalitis virus activity, manifesting a marked protective effect in mice infected with tick-born encephalitis virus. Cycluridine could be a prospective antiviral in veterinary and medical practice for the treatment of bovine viral diarrhoea virus and other flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel S Galabov
- 1 The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Mukova
- 1 The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yuriy P Abashev
- 1 The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lilia Wassilewa
- 1 The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Igor F Barinskiy
- 4 D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Charles M Rice
- 5 Medical Faculty, University of Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sergey Ouzounov
- 1 The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dorotea Sidzhakova
- 6 Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria
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49
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Boldescu V, Behnam MAM, Vasilakis N, Klein CD. Broad-spectrum agents for flaviviral infections: dengue, Zika and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:565-586. [PMID: 28473729 PMCID: PMC5925760 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections with flaviviruses, such as dengue, West Nile virus and the recently re-emerging Zika virus, are an increasing and probably lasting global risk. This Review summarizes and comments on the opportunities for broad-spectrum agents that are active against multiple flaviviruses. Broad-spectrum activity is particularly desirable to prepare for the next flaviviral epidemic, which could emerge from as-yet unknown or neglected viruses. Potential molecular targets for broad-spectrum antiflaviviral compounds include viral proteins, such as the viral protease or polymerase, and host targets that are exploited by these viruses during entry and replication, including α-glucosidase and proteins involved in nucleoside biosynthesis. Numerous compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity have already been identified by target-specific or phenotypic assays. For other compounds, broad-spectrum activity can be anticipated because of their mode of action and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veaceslav Boldescu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Biopharmaceuticals, Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Academiei 3, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mira A. M. Behnam
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Dept. of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, 2.138D Keiller Bldg, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555–0609, USA
| | - Christian D. Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Hotard AL, He B, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Lo MK. 4'-Azidocytidine (R1479) inhibits henipaviruses and other paramyxoviruses with high potency. Antiviral Res 2017. [PMID: 28629988 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The henipaviruses Nipah virus and Hendra virus are highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxoviruses which have caused fatal outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans. Despite the availability of a licensed equine Hendra virus vaccine and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody shown to be efficacious against henipavirus infections in non-human primates, there remains no approved therapeutics or vaccines for human use. To explore the possibility of developing small-molecule nucleoside inhibitors against henipaviruses, we evaluated the antiviral activity of 4'-azidocytidine (R1479), a drug previously identified to inhibit flaviviruses, against henipaviruses along with other representative members of the family Paramyxoviridae. We observed similar levels of R1479 antiviral activity across the family, regardless of virus genus. Our brief study expands the documented range of viruses susceptible to R1479, and provides the basis for future investigation and development of 4'-modified nucleoside analogs as potential broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics across both positive and negative-sense RNA virus families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Hotard
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Biao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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