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Throm JK, Schilling D, Löchner J, Micali N, Dörsam AF, Giel KE. Parental verbal communication and modeling behavior during mealtimes shape offspring eating behavior - A systematic review with a focus on clinical implications for eating disorders. Appetite 2024; 200:107584. [PMID: 38944057 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of parental communication patterns during mealtimes, with a special emphasis being placed on the differences between families with and without a history of eating disorders. METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, PubPsych and PsycINFO and the results were assessed for eligibility by two independent raters using the PICOS criteria. Only studies that included a mealtime observation were considered suitable for analysis of both explicit and implicit parental communication. RESULTS The results of the review suggest that mothers communicate more, with more complexity, and with a greater variety of words with their children during mealtimes compared to fathers. The intention and type of communication is diverse and heterogeneous. In general, parents often tried to encourage their children to eat. Verbal modeling and co-eating appeared to be common behaviors. Mothers with a history of eating disorders expressed more negative emotions during eating than mothers without eating disorders. Findings regarding the use of positive comments and controlling speech are contradicting. DISCUSSION The review outlines major fields of parent-child communication and modeling behavior around family meals which might be relevant to investigate and integrate into models of intergenerational transmission of eating behavior and disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Katharina Throm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tuebingen (KOMET), University of Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Denise Schilling
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tuebingen (KOMET), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Löchner
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Micali
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Ballerup Psychiatric Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annica Franziska Dörsam
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tuebingen (KOMET), University of Tuebingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tuebingen (KOMET), University of Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
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Rossiter MD, Young M, Dickson E, Campbell JE, Caldwell S, Mcisaac JL. CELEBRATE Feeding: A Responsive Approach to Food and Feeding in Early Learning Settings. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2024:1-5. [PMID: 39056484 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2024-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Early learning and child care (ELCC) settings in Canada follow nutrition standards that outline food provisions, with many also encouraging responsive feeding practices that help to create a supportive environment for children. Caregivers who lack confidence in children's ability to regulate their own intake, or those who feel stressed about mealtime, may unknowingly engage in less responsive feeding practices. The CELEBRATE Feeding Approach is a flexible framework, driven by behaviour change theory, that builds on previous definitions and concepts of responsive feeding in ELCC environments. Through this approach, there is an intentional focus on supporting early childhood educators to implement feeding practices that are more responsive. The approach incorporates 13 target educator behaviours related to the three overlapping categories of CELEBRATE language, CELEBRATE Mealtime, and CELEBRATE Play. These practices recognize and support the development of a child's sense of autonomy, confidence, and self-regulation not only at mealtimes but also through play-based exploration and language that is used throughout the day around food and feeding. The goal is that children will be open to a wide variety of food, develop their self-regulation skills, and build the foundation for a positive relationship with food throughout their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Rossiter
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE
| | - Margaret Young
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE
| | - Elizabeth Dickson
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
| | - Julie E Campbell
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Sarah Caldwell
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE
| | - Jessie-Lee Mcisaac
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
- Faculty of Education and Department of Child and Youth Study, Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
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Baker LN, Fuglestad AJ. Parent's use of Coercive Control Practices with Food is associated with Poorer Emotion Regulation and Increased Emotional Overeating in Preschoolers. Appetite 2024:107608. [PMID: 39029529 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Emotional overeating is defined as eating in response to emotions. Around the preschool years, there is a shift from emotional undereating to overeating, which suggests environmental influences in the development of overeating. The use of food by parents to control their child's emotions, rather than to teach them appropriate emotion regulation strategies, may impact the child's ability to regulate their own emotions, resulting in emotional overeating. We hypothesized that such coercive control practices with food by parents would be associated with poorer ability of the child to regulate their own emotions, which in turn would lead to increased emotional overeating, but not emotional undereating. Mothers of four- and five-year-olds (N=221) were recruited through MTurk and Prolific to complete online questionnaires measuring food parenting practices (Comprehensive Feeding Style Questionnaire and Parent Feeding Style Questionnaire), child emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Checklist), and child emotional eating (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Several mediation models were tested. Parent's use of food to control emotions and behavior was associated with higher levels of emotional overeating, which was mediated by poorer child emotion regulation. However, child emotion regulation did not mediate the association between parent's use of food to control emotions and behavior and the child's emotional undereating. Taken together, these models suggest that parent's use of coercive control with food may lead to child emotional overeating, but not emotional undereating, by teaching children to regulate their emotions through eating rather than more adaptive regulation strategies. Future experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to directly test the nature and direction of these associations and whether coercive control with food teaches children to overeat in response to their emotions in lieu of using appropriate emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Anita J Fuglestad
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
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Resor J, Dixon JB, Wu Q, Hegde AV, Lee TD, Goodell LS, Méndez LI, McMillan VJ, Stage VC. Associations between Preschool Teachers' Food-Based Learning Frequency, Level of Personal Priority and Identified Resources and Challenges: A Needs Assessment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2140. [PMID: 38999887 PMCID: PMC11243732 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Food-based learning (FBL) is the use of food as a teaching tool in the classroom, which can expose children to healthy foods to improve preference and consumption. However, more research is needed on the use and perception of FBL in the Head Start (HS) preschool classroom. In an online survey, we explored associations between North Carolina HS teachers' (n = 168) experiences (e.g., resources, challenges, needs, and preferences) with FBL, how frequently teachers implemented it, and how much they prioritized it. We used frequencies and chi-square tests of independence to assess associations between study variables. Teachers reported using FBL regularly with access to FBL resources (e.g., books and center play materials) and experiencing challenges (e.g., lack of funding and material resources). Teachers partnered with parents and farmers markets and expressed a need for additional FBL professional development. Our needs assessment findings revealed specific resources, challenges, and perceptions significantly associated with how often teachers used FBL and their priority level. Additional research should investigate how to alleviate FBL challenges and strategies to create policy and environmental changes that facilitate early FBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Resor
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (J.R.); (A.V.H.)
| | - Jocelyn B. Dixon
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Archana V. Hegde
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (J.R.); (A.V.H.)
| | - Tammy D. Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Science, and Instructional Technology Education, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;
| | - L. Suzanne Goodell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Lucía I. Méndez
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
| | - Valerie Jarvis McMillan
- Department of Family and Consumer Services, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
| | - Virginia C. Stage
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Campbell JE, McIsaac JLD, Young M, Dickson E, Caldwell S, Barich R, Rossiter M. Advancing assessment of responsive feeding environments and practices in child care. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e14. [PMID: 38572372 PMCID: PMC10988165 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Child care environments offer an ideal setting for feeding interventions. CELEBRATE Feeding is an approach implemented in child care environments in two Maritime Provinces in Canada to support responsive feeding (RF) to foster children's self-efficacy, self-regulation, and healthy relationships with food. This study aimed to describe RF in child care using established and enhanced scoring frameworks. The Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) was modified to reflect RF environments and practices, resulting in our modified EPAO and a CELEBRATE scale. Observations were conducted in 18 child care rooms. Behaviours and environments were scored on both scales, creating 21 RF scores, with a score of '3' indicating the most responsiveness. Descriptive analyses of the scores were conducted. The overall room averages were Mean (M) = 41.00, Standard Deviation (SD) = 7.07 (EPAO), and M = 37.92 SD = 6.50 (CELEBRATE). Most responsive scores among rooms within our EPAO and CELEBRATE scales, respectively, were 'educators not using food to calm or encourage behaviour' (M = 2.94, SD = 0.24; M = 2.98, SD = 0.06) and 'not requiring children to sit at the table until finished' (M = 2.89, SD = 0.47; M = 2.97, SD = 0.12). The least responsive scores within the EPAO were 'educator prompts for children to drink water' (M = 0.78, SD = 0.94) and 'children self-serving' (M = 0.83, SD = 0.38). The least responsive in the CELEBRATE scale were 'enthusiastic role modelling during mealtime' (M = 0.70, SD = 0.68) and 'praise of mealtime behaviour unrelated to food intake' (M = 0.74, SD = 0.55). The CELEBRATE scale captured unique observation information about RF to allow documenting change over time with detailed measurement to inform and support nutrition interventions within child care environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Campbell
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jessie-Lee D. McIsaac
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
- Faculty of Education and Department of Child and Youth Study, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Margaret Young
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dickson
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sarah Caldwell
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Rachel Barich
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Misty Rossiter
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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Dharod JM, Black MM, McElhenny K, Labban JD, DeJesus JM. Es Niño o Niña?: Gender Differences in Feeding Practices and Obesity Risk among Latino Infants. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102100. [PMID: 38425439 PMCID: PMC10904161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity prevalence is significantly higher among Latino boys than girls. Weight status at 12 mo, a significant predictor of childhood obesity, is associated with feeding practices during infancy. Objectives The objectives were to examine breastfeeding and formula-feeding practices overall and by infant gender and to examine relations among infant gender, milk-feeding practices, and obesity risk among Latino infants over the first year of life. Methods Latino mother-infant dyads (n = 90) were recruited from a pediatric clinic. Mothers were interviewed at regular intervals (infants aged 2, 4, 6, and 9 mo), and 24-h feeding recalls were conducted when infants were aged 6 and 9 mo. Infants' lengths and weights were retrieved from clinic records to calculate weight-for-length percentiles. A bivariate analysis was conducted to compare feeding practices by gender and mediation analysis to test whether feeding practices mediated the relation between gender and obesity risk. Results The majority (80%) of mothers were born outside the United States. In early infancy, mixed feeding of formula and breastfeeding was common. At 6 and 9 mo of age, milk-feeding practices differed, with formula feeding more common for boys than girls. At 12 mo, 38% of infants experienced obesity risk (≥85th weight-for-length percentile). Infants' obesity risk increased by 18% per 1 oz increase in powdered formula intake. Formula intake among boys was on average 1.42 oz (in dry weight) higher than that among girls, which, in turn, mediated their increased obesity risk (IERR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.90). Conclusions The increased obesity risk among Latino boys compared with girls at 12 mo was explained by higher rates of formula feeding at 6 and 9 mo of age. Future investigations of cultural values and beliefs in gender-related feeding practices are warranted to understand the differences in obesity risk between Latino boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna M Dharod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Maureen M Black
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kristen McElhenny
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Labban
- Office of Research, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Jasmine M DeJesus
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Surette VA, Smith‐Simpson S, Fries LR, Forde CG, Ross CF. Observations of feeding practices of US parents of young children with Down syndrome. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023; 19:e13548. [PMID: 37458153 PMCID: PMC10483950 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Parental behaviours influence food acceptance in young children, but few studies have measured these behaviours using observational methods, especially among children with Down syndrome (CWDS). The overall goal of this study was to understand parent feeding practices used during snack time with young CWDS (N = 111, aged 11-58 months). A coding scheme was developed to focus on feeding practices used by parents of CWDS from a structured home-use test involving tasting variously textured snack products. Behavioural coding was used to categorise parental feeding practices and quantify their frequencies (N = 212 video feeding sessions). A feeding prompt was coded as successful if the child ate the target food product or completed the prompt within 20 s of the prompt being given without a refusal behaviour. CWDS more frequently consumed the test foods and completed tasks in response to Autonomy-Supportive Prompts to Eat (49.3%), than to Coercive-Controlling Prompts to Eat (24.2%). By exploring the parent-CWDS relationship during feeding, we can identify potentially desirable parent practices to encourage successful feeding for CWDS. Future research should build upon the knowledge gained from this study to confirm longitudinal associations of parent practices with child behaviours during feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Smith‐Simpson
- Sensory and Consumer InsightsNestlé Nutrition North America (Gerber)FremontMichiganUSA
| | | | - Ciarán G. Forde
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Carolyn F. Ross
- School of Food ScienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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Moding KJ, Kielb EI. Conceptual Considerations and Methodological Challenges to Measuring Food Acceptance During Infancy. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:407-415. [PMID: 37460785 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to (1) present a conceptual definition of infant food acceptance, (2) explore methodological challenges to measuring different components of food acceptance, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on food acceptance during infancy. RECENT FINDINGS Infant food acceptance includes separate but overlapping components: wanting, liking, and consumption. Recent evidence suggests that although these components are often correlated, there is variability in the sensitivity of these measures to detect differences in infants' responses to target foods. To date, consumption and caregiver perceptions of liking have been the primary outcome measures of interest in studies of infant food acceptance. More diverse and precise measures across the three components of infant food acceptance are needed to address a wider scope of research questions, which would in turn strengthen the interpretability and translational potential of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron J Moding
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, Purdue University, 1200 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Elizabeth I Kielb
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, Purdue University, 1200 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Haney SD, Ibañez VF, Kirkwood CA, Piazza CC. An evaluation of negative reinforcement to increase self-feeding and self-drinking for children with feeding disorders. J Appl Behav Anal 2023; 56:757-776. [PMID: 37522307 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-feeding with utensils represents an important step in a child's progression toward age-typical eating and emerges in the absence of intervention for most children. In contrast, children with feeding disorders may lack the skill or motivation to self-feed, which impedes progress toward age-typical eating. In the current study, experimenters used a multielement design to evaluate negative reinforcement in the form of meal termination to transition six participants with a feeding disorder from caregiver-fed to self-fed bites and drinks. Caregivers conducted meals in which they fed the participant or prompted them to self-feed. During self-fed meal-termination sessions, participants had the opportunity to end the meal contingent on self-feeding the presented bite(s) or drink(s). Self-feeding increased during meal-termination sessions for all participants. The experimenters discuss these results relative to their potential to inform interventions for children with feeding disorders that progress the child toward age-typical eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Haney
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivian F Ibañez
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Cathleen C Piazza
- Children's Specialized Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, USA
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O'Connor SM, Zickgraf HF, Hazzard VM, Haller LL, Wildes JE. Exploring differences in disordered eating and related appetitive traits among women based on childhood and current food security status. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101729. [PMID: 37087983 PMCID: PMC10247474 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence that food insecurity (FI) is associated with elevated rates of eating pathology, little is known about the lasting impact of FI on eating behaviors. Studies that have explored the association between FI during childhood and eating behavior in adulthood have not accounted for current FI. The present study explored differences in disordered eating (DE) and related appetitive traits among four groups of cisgender female mothers: individuals who (1) endorsed childhood FI only (n = 96), (2) endorsed current FI only (n = 134), (3) endorsed both childhood and current FI (n = 257), and (4) denied both childhood and current FI (n = 146). Participants responded to online questionnaires including items from the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module, the 7-item Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, and the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, ANCOVAs explored mean differences between groups in DE and appetitive traits, and a modified Poisson regression model examined differences in binge-eating prevalence across the four FI groups. The "current FI only" group consistently endorsed the highest levels of DE and related appetitive traits followed by the "current and childhood FI" group, suggesting newly food-insecure women may be at highest risk for DE. Interestingly, across almost all constructs, the "childhood FI only" group did not differ significantly from the "no FI" group. These findings suggest that improved access to food may help offset risk for adult DE related to experiences of FI in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States of America.
| | - Hana F Zickgraf
- Division of Autism and Related Disorders & Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Vivienne M Hazzard
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Leora L Haller
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Dixon J, Hegde AV, Goodell LS, Arnold NL, Swindle T, Dev DA, Méndez LI, McMillan VJ, Lee TD, Stage VC. Integration of Food-based Learning With Science in the Preschool Classroom: Implementation Gaps and Opportunities. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:266-284. [PMID: 37028898 PMCID: PMC10083887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore Head Start teachers' use and integration of food-based learning (FBL) with science learning in the Head Start classroom. DESIGN Phenomenological approach using in-depth semistructured telephone interviews. SETTING North Carolina Head Start preschools. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-five Head Start lead and assistant teachers. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST All interviews were transcribed verbatim. Authors coded interview data for emergent themes. ANALYSIS Eleven primary themes were identified during analysis and inductively organized using the Systems Thinking Iceberg Model. RESULTS Teachers described most frequently using FBL during mealtimes. Teachers stated they felt successful when children were engaged and willing to try a new food. However, they struggled to connect food to science concepts. Teachers reported several motivators (eg, improving health) and barriers (eg, food waste) to integrating FBL. Teachers prioritized preparing children for kindergarten, but most teachers did not see how FBL could help them achieve this goal. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Head Start teacher professional development programs could impact all 4 levels of the Systems Thinking Model to improve teachers' perceptions, underlying structures, and mental models regarding integrative FBL. Additional research is warranted to investigate the adoption, implementation, and potential impact of FBL on academic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Dixon
- The Food-based Early Education (FEEd) Lab, Project Coordinator, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Archana V Hegde
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Lora Suzanne Goodell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Nicole L Arnold
- Ohio State University Extension, Family and Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Taren Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Dipti A Dev
- Childhood Health Behaviors Extension Specialist, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Lucía I Méndez
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Valerie J McMillan
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
| | - Tammy D Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Science, and Instructional Technology Education, College of Education, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Virginia C Stage
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, NC State Extension, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
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Yong C, Kuang X, Liu Y, Xiang C, Xi Y, Huo J, Liang J, Zou H, Lin Q. Parental food neophobia, feeding practices, and preschooler's food neophobia: A cross-sectional study in China. Appetite 2023; 185:106547. [PMID: 36958634 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between parental food neophobia, feeding practices, and preschoolers' food neophobia in China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1616 pairs of preschoolers and their parents. Electronic questionnaires were conducted to collect information about social and demographic characteristics, scores of food neophobia among both children and their parents, parents' feeding patterns and children's dietary quality. RESULTS Children's average food neophobia score was 23.72 ± 4.45. There was a positive correlation between parental food neophobia score (β: 0.154; 95%CI: 0.113, 0.195), pressure to eat (β: 0.694; 95%CI: 0.423, 0.964), postpartum breastfeeding initiation (β: 0.010; 95%CI: 0.002, 0.018), and children's score of food neophobia. However, parental modeling (β: -0.470; 95%CI: -0.732, -0.207) and the frequency of children eating with their families at home (β: -0.407; 95%CI: -0.707, -0.108) were negatively associated with children's food neophobia scores. The consumption frequencies of vegetables(P < 0.001), fruits(P < 0.001), domestic animals and poultry(P < 0.01), aquatic products(P < 0.05), beans and their products(P < 0.01), eggs(P < 0.05) and nuts(P < 0.05) and children's dietary diversity score (P < 0.001) are negatively associated with children' food neophobia score. While the consumption frequencies of fast food(P < 0.001), sweets(P < 0.01) and puffed/fried food(P < 0.001) were positively associated with children's food neophobia. CONCLUSION Chinese preschoolers' food neophobia needs more attention because children with high food neophobia tend to have lower dietary quality. Children whose parents have high-level food neophobia should be the focus of early prevention. Earlier postpartum breastfeeding, more use of parental modelling, less pressure to eat and higher frequency of children eating with families are helpful to reduce the incidence of children's food neophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Yong
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kuang
- Department of Child Care, Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 416 Chengnan East Rd of Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Child Care, Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 416 Chengnan East Rd of Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, China.
| | - Caihong Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaqi Huo
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Jiajing Liang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Hanshaung Zou
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, 410078, China.
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13
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Barrett KJ, Moding KJ, Flesher A, Johnson SL. "The Kale Is Green" and Other Things Caregivers Say when Feeding Infants and Toddlers Are Associated with Child Rate of Acceptance. J Nutr 2023; 153:1297-1304. [PMID: 36803576 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responsive feeding is important for helping children to develop healthy eating behaviors. Verbal feeding interactions between caregivers and children may reflect caregiver's responsiveness and contribute to children's developing lexical networks related to food and eating. OBJECTIVES This project aimed to: 1) characterize what caregivers say to infants and toddlers during a single feeding session and 2) test the associations between caregiver's verbal prompts and food acceptance by children. METHODS Filmed interactions of caregivers and their infants (N = 46 infants aged 6-11 mo) and toddlers (N = 60 toddlers aged 12-24 mo) were coded and analyzed to explore the following: 1) what caregivers said during a single feeding session and 2) whether caregiver's verbalizations were associated with child food acceptance. Caregiver verbal prompts were coded during each food offer and summed across the feeding session; prompts were categorized as supportive, engaging, and unsupportive. Outcomes included accepted tastes, rejected tastes, and rate of acceptance. Mann-Whitney's U tests and Spearman's correlations tested bivariate associations. Multilevel ordered logistic regression tested associations between verbal prompt categories and the rate of acceptance across offers. RESULTS Verbal prompts were largely supportive (41%) and engaging (46%), and caregivers of toddlers used significantly more verbal prompts than caregivers of infants (mean ± SD: 34.5 ± 16.9 compared with 25.2 ± 11.6; P = 0.006). Among toddlers, more engaging and unsupportive prompts were associated with a lower rate of acceptance (ρ = -0.30, P = 0.02; ρ = -0.37, P = 0.004). For all children, multilevel analyses revealed that more unsupportive verbal prompts were associated with a lower rate of acceptance (b = -1.52; SE = 0.62; P = 0.01) and individual caregiver use of more engaging and unsupportive prompts than usual was associated with a lower rate of acceptance (b = -0.33; SE = 0.08; P < 0.001: b = -0.58; SE = 0.11; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that caregivers may strive for a supportive and engaging emotional setting during feeding, although verbalization category may change as children exhibit more rejection. Furthermore, what caregivers say may change as children develop more advanced language capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Barrett
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Kameron J Moding
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Abigail Flesher
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Susan L Johnson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, Aurora, CO, United States
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14
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Gonynor C, Wang C, Tully C, Monaghan M, Streisand R, Hilliard ME. Psychosocial, Medical, and Demographic Variables Associated with Parent Mealtime Behavior in Young Children Recently Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2023; 44:e111-e118. [PMID: 36730036 PMCID: PMC9908816 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Managing young children's mealtime concerns can be challenging after type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis because of developmental factors and diabetes management demands. To identify potential intervention targets, we evaluated medical, psychosocial, and demographic factors in relation to parents' engagement in problem mealtime behaviors (e.g., pressure to eat, restriction). METHOD Parents (N = 157) of young children (age 1-6 years) reported on psychosocial variables (parent fear of hypoglycemia, family functioning, parent problem solving, and parents' problem mealtime behavior frequency and perceptions of being problematic) within 2 months after T1D diagnosis. Hierarchical regression analyses examined associations among psychosocial variables, demographics (child sex, parent race/ethnicity), child continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use, and parents' problem mealtime behaviors. RESULTS Parents of children using CGMs reported parents' mealtime behaviors as more problematic than nonusers, but there were no differences for other medical or demographic variables. Models predicting parents' problem mealtime behavior frequency and problem perceptions that included psychosocial variables, demographic variables, and CGM use led to significant R 2 of 0.14 and 0.16, respectively. CGM use and parent problem solving were significantly associated with parent mealtime behaviors being perceived as more problematic. CONCLUSION Shortly after T1D diagnosis in young children, medical and parent psychosocial factors related to how frequently parents engaged in problem mealtime behaviors and the degree to which parents perceived them as problematic. Other factors may further explain the complexities of mealtime management. Considering parents' problem-solving skills and child treatment regimens may help guide interventions targeting mealtime challenges during the new diagnosis period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gonynor
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Christine Wang
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; and
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Carrie Tully
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; and
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; and
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Randi Streisand
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; and
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
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15
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D’Angeli G, Mesce M, Cerniglia L, Cimino S. Observational Tools Using Video Recordings of Parent-Child Feeding Interactions: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121924. [PMID: 36553367 PMCID: PMC9776560 DOI: 10.3390/children9121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current research has confirmed that the quality of the caregiver-child relationship influences the child's emotional and behavioral development. Play and feeding contexts, for example, are the best contexts to observe mother-child or father-child interaction. The observation of feeding interaction establishes involvement on the part of both parties and identifies relationship characteristics. The purpose of this study is to select and describe the most frequently used observational methods during feeding interactions in the first three years of a child's life. Instruments that employ video recordings of mealtimes will be detailed to highlight the relevance that specific tools have nowadays. Finally, the SVIA (Scala di Valutazione delle Interazioni Alimentari), a technique for analyzing food interactions by observation that has also been utilized remotely, will be offered. This is intended to provide practitioners and researchers with an overview of tools while also taking into consideration the present scenario in which digital tools are increasingly being employed in health and clinical settings. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to review the various observational methods of the parent-child relationship to assist future practitioners and researchers in the field in making an accurate assessment of caregiver-child interaction and selecting a valid tool for the early recognition of problematic relationships and identifying the most appropriate treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica D’Angeli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Mesce
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06697621
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
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16
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Espinoza-Bernardo S, Bartolini R, Creed-Kanashiro H, Delgado-Pérez D, Haycraft E. Strategies and behaviors used by mothers in interactions with their young children during a mealtime in peri-urban areas of Huánuco, Peru. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:None. [PMID: 36569813 PMCID: PMC9767413 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding about different strategies used by mothers to feed their 6-23-month-old children, as well as to learn about mothers' behaviors in response to situations of food refusal by her child, in order to generate evidence that contributes to the information gap on responsive feeding in Peru. The study was conducted in the city of Huánuco, a peri-urban area of Peru, with mothers of children in the complementary feeding stage participating. An in-depth 5-hour home observation was conducted in eight mother-child dyads. Both the mothers' and children's mealtime and food-related behaviors were coded and an inductive thematic analysis was applied. The primary objective of many of the strategies used by the mothers was to get their child to eat a little more. Six strategies were identified: pressure, encouragement, facilitating intake, acceptance, negotiation and reasoning. Certain differences were found in the strategies employed by the mother according to the age of her child, with mothers of younger children using more encouragement and mothers of older children using more pressure for their child to eat. The mothers' behavior in response to the child's refusal of food was both responsive and non-responsive (controlling), depending on the reason for the refusal. The findings are of great value for understanding about the feeding interactions of mother-child dyads in Peru and they start to address the information gap and can support the development of nutritional intervention strategies for use with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissy Espinoza-Bernardo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru
| | | | | | - Doris Delgado-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK,Corresponding author at: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
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17
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Examination of dietary intake of UK preschool children by varying carers: evidence from the 2008-2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2063-2074. [PMID: 34842127 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early years caregivers can play a key role in young children's eating and the prevention of childhood obesity. The UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) is a large representative survey collecting detailed food and nutrition consumption data. Using these data, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of preschool children in the UK aged 2 to 4 years and accompanying adult/s. Nutrition consumption data from 1218 preschool children from years 1 to 8 of the 2008-2016 NDNS were accessed. Dietary data were captured using 3 or 4 day estimated food diaries. Regression analyses revealed significant differences in consumption when children were not accompanied by their parents. Compared with when children were with parents, children consumed significantly more energy dense meals (0·32 kJ/g, 95% CI 0·1-0·6 kJ/g), energy (62 kJ/g, (95% CI 27-97 kJ)) Na (19 mg, (95 % CI 6, 32)), added sugars (0·6 g, (95 % CI 0·1, 1·1)), vegetables (3 g, (95 % CI 1, 4)), total grams (12 g, (95 % CI 3, 21)) and saturated fat (0·2 g, (95 % CI 0·1, 0·4)) per eating occasion when accompanied by wider family. When children were accompanied by a formal childcare provider, they consumed significantly lower energy dense meals (-0·9 kJ/g, (95% CI -1·4 - -0·3 kJ/g)), less added sugars (-1·6 g, (95 % CI -2·4, -0·8)) and more fruit (12 g, (95 % CI 3, 21)) per eating occasion than when they were with their parents. The results demonstrate that non-parental caregivers might be an important target to promote healthy eating in young children. Further research is needed to establish which caregivers would benefit most.
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18
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McIsaac JLD, MacQuarrie M, Barich R, Morris S, Turner JC, Rossiter MD. Responsive Feeding Environments in Childcare Settings: A Scoping Review of the Factors Influencing Implementation and Sustainability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11870. [PMID: 36231167 PMCID: PMC9564844 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Children benefit from responsive feeding environments, where their internal signals of hunger and satiety are recognized and met with prompt, emotionally supportive and developmentally appropriate responses. Although there is existing research on responsive feeding environments in childcare, there is little synthesized literature on the implementation practices using a behavior change framework. This scoping review sought to explore the factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of responsive feeding interventions in the childcare environment, using the behavior change wheel (BCW). A total of 3197 articles were independently reviewed and 39 met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis identified the factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of responsive feeding, including the following: (1) pre-existing nutrition policies, (2) education and training, (3) provider beliefs and confidence, (4) partnership development and stakeholder engagement and (5) resource availability. The most common BCW intervention functions were education (n = 39), training (n = 38), environmental restructuring (n = 38) and enablement (n = 36). The most common policy categories included guidelines (n = 39), service provision (n = 38) and environmental/social planning (n = 38). The current literature suggests that broader policies are important for responsive feeding, along with local partnerships, training and resources, to increase confidence and efficacy among educators. Future research should consider how the use of a BCW framework may help to address the barriers to implementation and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie-Lee D. McIsaac
- Department of Child and Youth Study, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Madison MacQuarrie
- Department of Child and Youth Study, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Rachel Barich
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Sarah Morris
- Department of Child and Youth Study, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Joan C. Turner
- Department of Child and Youth Study, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Melissa D. Rossiter
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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19
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Phu T, Doom JR. Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:529. [PMID: 36068546 PMCID: PMC9447344 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although associations between cumulative risk, sleep, and overweight/obesity have been demonstrated, few studies have examined relationships between these constructs longitudinally across childhood. This study investigated how cumulative risk and sleep duration are related to current and later child overweight/obesity in families across the United States sampled for high sociodemographic risk. Methods We conducted secondary analyses on 3690 families with recorded child height and weight within the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study. A cumulative risk composite (using nine variables indicating household/environmental, family, and sociodemographic risk) was calculated for each participant from ages 3-9 years. Path analyses were used to investigate associations between cumulative risk, parent-reported child sleep duration, and z-scored child body mass index (BMI) percentile at ages 3 through 9. Results Higher cumulative risk experienced at age 5 was associated with shorter sleep duration at year 9, b = − 0.35, p = .01, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.11]. At 5 years, longer sleep duration was associated with lower BMI, b = − 0.03, p = .03, 95% CI [− 0.06, − 0.01]. Higher cumulative risk at 9 years, b = − 0.34, p = .02, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.10], was concurrently associated with shorter sleep duration. Findings additionally differed by child sex, such that only male children showed an association between sleep duration and BMI. Conclusions Results partially supported hypothesized associations between child sleep duration, cumulative risk, and BMI emerging across childhood within a large, primarily low socioeconomic status sample. Findings suggest that reducing cumulative risk for families experiencing low income may support longer child sleep duration. Additionally, child sleep duration and BMI are concurrently related in early childhood for male children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03587-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Phu
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race St, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
| | - Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race St, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
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20
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Mcisaac JLD, Richard B, Turner J, Rossiter MD. Comparison of Responsive Feeding Practices in Child Care and Home Environments in Nova Scotia. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:168-174. [PMID: 36004728 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The values, beliefs and practices between the family home and child care environment can play a role in shaping a responsive food environment for young children, but few studies have explored the differences across these settings. The purpose of this study was to compare responsive feeding practices in child care and home environments through the framework of the 2019 Canada Food Guide healthy eating recommendations.Methods: Nova Scotia families and child care providers completed an online survey on responsive feeding. Independent-samples t-tests explored the differences between family and child care respondents on variables related to the 2019 Canada's Food Guide, including: food variety, mindfulness, eating with others, cooking more often, and enjoyment of food. A directed content analysis was used to code the open-ended qualitative questions.Results: Family respondents (n = 603) were more likely to report offering a variety of foods, repeated exposures to new foods, and asking children about fullness. Child care respondents (n = 253) were more likely to sit with children during meals and less likely to encourage children to finish their food.Conclusions: The results identify potential points of intervention, including the importance of increasing communication to ensure mutually supportive messages and environments for healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie-Lee D Mcisaac
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.,Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.,Department of Child and Youth Study, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Brenna Richard
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.,Department of Child and Youth Study, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Joan Turner
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research Centre, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.,Department of Child and Youth Study, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Melissa D Rossiter
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
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21
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Jansen E, Smith K, Thapaliya G, Sadler J, Aghababian A, Carnell S. Associations of mothers' and fathers' structure-related food parenting practices and child food approach eating behaviors during the COVID pandemic. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113837. [PMID: 35513084 PMCID: PMC9059343 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, many mothers and fathers have spent more time at home with their children, warranting consideration of parenting practices around food during the pandemic as influences on obesogenic eating behaviors among children. Structure-related feeding practices, particularly around snacking, may be particularly challenging yet influential in the pandemic setting. Parent sex and levels of feeding-related co-operation among parents (co-feeding) are understudied potential influences on parent-child feeding relationships. METHODS We investigated relationships between structure-related parent feeding and child food approach behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, while considering potential moderating influences of parent sex and co-feeding levels. An online survey was completed by 318 parents (206 mothers and 112 fathers) of 2-12-year-olds who were living in states with statewide or regional lockdowns in May/June 2020 within the US. Mothers and fathers were drawn from different families, with each survey corresponding to a unique parent-child dyad. Parental stress/mental health, co-feeding (Feeding Coparenting Scale), structure-related food and snack parenting (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire and Parenting around SNAcking Questionnaire), and child eating behaviors (Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) were assessed. Relationships of parents' structure-related food and snack parenting practices with their child's emotional overeating and food responsiveness behaviors were examined using structural equation modelling. Further, we investigated whether these relations were moderated by parent sex or level of co-feeding. RESULTS Parent sex differences were seen in parental stress, mental health, and co-feeding, but not in structure-related food and snack parenting or child food approach eating behaviors. Structure-related food parenting was negatively associated with emotional overeating. However, structure-related snack parenting was positively associated with emotional overeating and food responsiveness. While regression paths varied between mothers vs. fathers, as well as by co-feeding levels, neither parent sex nor co-feeding levels significantly moderated relationships between parent feeding and child eating variables. CONCLUSIONS Future studies of food and snack parenting and co-operation in relation to feeding among mothers and fathers within a familial unit may be critical to identify intervention strategies that draw on all family resources to better navigate future disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jansen
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Sadler
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anahys Aghababian
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Rossiter MD, Richard B, Whitfield KC, Mann L, McIsaac JLD. Responsive feeding values and practices among families across the Canadian Maritime provinces. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:495-501. [PMID: 35113682 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Children benefit from responsive feeding practices where their internal signals of hunger and satiety are valued and met with prompt, emotionally supportive, and developmentally appropriate responses. Using an online survey, this study describes responsive feeding values and practices among parents of young children (0-5 years) (n = 1039) across 3 Canadian Maritime provinces. Independent-samples t-tests and 1-way ANOVA were performed to determine the differences in survey questions related to the responsive feeding practices and values. First-time parents and parents with younger children report implementing more consistently some of the challenging responsive feeding practices, such as avoiding pressuring their children to eat, compared with parents with multiple children and parents with children ages 3-5 years. Parents often have well-intended reasons to encourage their children to eat; however, these can coincide with non-responsive practices with food such as pressuring, rewarding, and restriction. These coercive practices may be ineffective and counterproductive as they reinforce reasons to eat unrelated to appetite and self-regulation. Preschool and early feeding interventions that support parents in understanding normal child development, including typical eating behaviours and self-regulation, could help to equip them for challenging feeding experiences and encourage long-term responsive feeding practices. Novelty: First-time parents and parents with younger children report more consistently avoiding pressuring their children to eat, compared with parents with multiple children and parents with children ages 3-5 years. Parents often have well-intended reasons to encourage their children to eat; however, these can coincide with non-responsive practices such as pressuring, rewarding, and restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Rossiter
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Brenna Richard
- Department of Child & Youth Study, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kyly C Whitfield
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Linda Mann
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jessie-Lee D McIsaac
- Department of Child & Youth Study, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Healthy Populations Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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23
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Norton L, Parkinson J, Harris N, Darcy M, Hart L. Parental Food Communication and Child Eating Behaviours: A Systematic Literature Review. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:366-378. [PMID: 35363899 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To review current evidence for parental food communication practices and their association with child eating behaviours. METHODS The PRISMA framework guided the reporting of the review; registered with Prospero in July 2020 (blinded for peer review). Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Only quantitative studies that included a parental measure of food communication and a child measure of eating behaviour were included. RESULTS From 11063 articles 23 were eligible for synthesis. The vast majority (82%) of studies used observational cross-sectional designs. Three involved observing parent-child dyads, with the remainder using questionnaires. Two quasi-experimental designs tested interventions and two randomised control trial were reported. The majority of measures assessing parental food communication were subscales of larger questionnaires. The Caregiver's Feeding Style Questionnaire (CFSQ) was the most direct and relevant measure of parental food communication. Findings of reviewed studies highlighted that "how" parents communicate about food appears to impact child eating behaviours. Using child-centred communication provided promising outcomes for positive child eating behaviours, while parental "diet" communication was found to be associated with poorer dietary outcomes in children. CONCLUSIONS Food communication research is in its infancy. However, evidence for the importance of parents' child-focused food communication is emerging, providing a focus for future research and interventions. SO WHAT?: Given the gaps in our understanding about prevention of disordered eating, there is a significant opportunity to explore what food communication strategies may assist parents to communicate about food in a positive way.
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24
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Öz S, Bayhan P. An investigation of the relationship between the eating behaviours of children with typical development and autism spectrum disorders and parent attitudes during mealtime eating behaviours and parent attitudes during mealtime. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:877-885. [PMID: 34273188 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition has significant importance in the course of growth and development in early childhood. Selective and fussy eating is prevalent among children with autism spectrum disorder and can have a profound impact on parents' mealtime actions. AIMS The study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental mealtime actions and the eating behaviours of children aged 3-5 years with typical development (TD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS A total of 180 parents of children between 3 and 5 years in Ankara participated in the study; 90 were parents of children with TD, and 90 were parents of children with ASD. We measured the variables using the Brief Assessment of Mealtime Behaviour in Children (BAMBIC), Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), and Parent Mealtime Action Scale (PMAS). RESULTS The results revealed that food refusal, disruptive behaviours, and limited variety in TD children were related to parental actions, such as the use of rewards. We also found a negative correlation between enjoyment of food and the use of rewards. Children with ASD displayed differences concerning food refusal, and their parents were found to prepare more special meals for them compared with children with TD. CONCLUSION Despite differences, the eating behaviours of children with TD and ASD show similarities in some cases. If a child has a low interest in eating, then their parents tend to be more insistent, use more rewards, and offer special meals. On the contrary, a child's high interest in eating harms such parental behaviours. Because an acknowledgement that a relationship exists between the eating behaviours of children and parental actions would make intervening to shape parental attitudes easier, it is recommended that future studies should be carried out to respond to the eating problems of children by working with parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Öz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Ankara University, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Bayhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Hacettepe University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Ayoughi F, Handley M, Garza J, Amin S, Volpe R, Lammert A. Parental perspective and feeding practices effects on food neophobia in elementary school children in San Luis Obispo County. J SENS STUD 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Ayoughi
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Maria Handley
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Jeff Garza
- Garza Consulting, LLC Grand Rapids Michigan USA
| | - Samir Amin
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Richard Volpe
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Agribusiness Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Amy Lammert
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
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26
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Chatoor I, Sechi C, Vismara L, Lucarelli L. A cross-sectional study of father-daughter/son interactions from 1 Month to 3 years of age with the feeding and play scales: Exploring the psychometric properties. Appetite 2021; 168:105671. [PMID: 34481013 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The quality of father-infant/toddler interactions has become a focal point in studies of early child development. However, studies targeting early father-infant/toddler interactions may be hampered due to the lack of specific and validated measures; indeed, most of the applied observational instruments were originally designed to evaluate mother-child interactions. In a sample of 142 fathers-infant/toddler dyads, the current study aimed to test the reliability of the Feeding and Play Scales, which were initially created to assess mother-infant/toddler interactions. Also, we compared the father-infant/toddler feeding and play interactions at different developmental stages, from 1 month to 3 years of the child's age, and we evaluated the effect of the child's gender on the father-infant/toddler feeding and play interactions. Both scales showed satisfactory internal consistency, confirming that the measures are reliable in the evaluation of father-infant/toddler feeding and play interactions. Analyses showed significant correlations between the subscales of the Feeding and Play Scales, significant effects of the child's age and significant gender differences. Our research shows that the Feeding and Play Scales are promising instruments to study the role of fathers in the development of normal and disordered feeding in infants and toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chatoor
- The George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington 20010-2916 D.C, USA.
| | - Cristina Sechi
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis, 1, Cagliari, 09123, Italy.
| | - Laura Vismara
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis, 1, Cagliari, 09123, Italy.
| | - Loredana Lucarelli
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis, 1, Cagliari, 09123, Italy.
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27
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Hyczko AV, Ruggiero CF, Hohman EE, Anzman-Frasca S, Savage JS, Birch LL, Paul IM. Sex Differences in Maternal Restrictive Feeding Practices in the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories Study. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:1070-1076. [PMID: 34020105 PMCID: PMC8349795 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories tested an early life responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention. Body mass index z-score at age 3 years was lower for the RP group versus controls with a larger effect for girls than boys. We sought to determine if child sex was associated with differing maternal feeding practices and whether sex moderated intervention effects on feeding. DESIGN/METHODS Mothers (N = 279) completed the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire (IFSQ) at 28 weeks, the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) at 1, 2, and 3 years, and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) at 3 years. Study aims were tested using 2-way analysis of variance and repeated measures. RESULTS Mothers reported greater restriction (limiting food quantity) for boys at 28 weeks (IFSQ: 3.0 ± 1.1 vs 2.8 ± 1.0, P = .07) and across annual measurements from age 1 to 3 years (SCPF: P = .04). At age 3, the intervention group effect on restriction differed by sex (CFQ: P = .047) such that higher restriction was reported by RP group mothers of boys versus girls (3.4 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 0.9, P = .002) with no control group sex difference (3.4 ± 0.8 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, P = .79). There were no sex differences or sex by intervention group interactions in other reported feeding practices at any assessment (ie, structure-based feeding, pressure). CONCLUSIONS Mothers of boys used more restrictive feeding through age 3. These findings may be partially explained by previously reported better self-soothing and self-regulation abilities of participating girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis V. Hyczko
- Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA, USA 17033
| | - Cara F. Ruggiero
- Penn State University, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Emily E. Hohman
- Penn State University, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- University at Buffalo, Department of Pediatrics, G56 Farber Hall, South Campus, Buffalo, NY, USA 14214-8001
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Penn State University, Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Leann L. Birch
- University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, 176 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA, USA 30602-3632
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA, USA 17033,Departments of Pediatrics & Public Health Sciences, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA, USA 17033
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28
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Koning M, Vink J, Notten N, Gevers D, Eisinga R, Larsen J. Development and preliminary validation of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire: Parent and adolescent version. Appetite 2021; 167:105618. [PMID: 34348166 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Suitable instruments for measuring Food Parenting Practices (FPP) among adolescents and their parents that also measure the perception of adolescents about their parent's FPP are rare. The current study describes the development and preliminary testing of a short 16-item Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) for parents (AFPQ-p) and adolescents (AFPQ-a) that may enable future large-scale research on potentially eminent parent-child FPP discrepancy. Participants included 381 parents (73.8 % mothers; Mage 45.9, 26.2% fathers; Mage 49.1) and their adolescent children (aged 12-16) who participated in the Dutch "G(F)OOD together" study. Most parents finished higher professional education (mothers: 44.3 %; fathers: 34.4 %) and performed a paid job of 32 h per week or more (mothers: 22.1 %; fathers: 60.0 %). The theoretical framework of Vaughn (2016) was leading in the development of the AFPQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a random split sample of parent-adolescent dyads and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the other half. The EFA in both parent and adolescent samples resulted in a clear 5 factor solution explaining 61.6 % (AFPQ-p) and 64.2 % (AFPQ-a) of the variance respectively, representing the factors Autonomy Support (α = 0.79/.82), Coercive Control (α = 0.85/.83), Snack Structure (α = 0.79/75), Healthy Structure (α = 0.78/74) and Modelling (α = 0.69/85). CFA confirmed good model fit for the AFPQ-p and the AFPQ-a. Associations with adolescent self-reported food intake were in the expected direction, confirming the preliminary convergent validity of the instrument among a moderate to highly educated group of parent-adolescent dyads. Although the AFPQ provides a promising short instrument, future research in more diverse samples is needed to build evidence on the instrument's psychometric characteristics in other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Natascha Notten
- Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
| | - Dorus Gevers
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Junilla Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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29
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Koning M, Vink JM, Renders C, Notten N, Eisinga R, Larsen JK. Is the Prospective Link between Parental Stress and Adolescent Snack Intake or Weight Outcome Mediated by Food Parenting Practices? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082485. [PMID: 34444649 PMCID: PMC8401057 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental stress may influence adolescents’ food intake and weight development over time, however, it is largely unknown why this is the case. This study examines whether the link between parental stress and adolescents’ snack intake and weight outcome is mediated by food parenting practices (FPPs). Participants included 400 parents and their adolescent children (aged 12–16) who completed questionnaires. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess parental general stress levels and the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) to assess FPPs. Multiple mediation analyses with parallel mediators were performed, with parental general stress as an independent variable and adolescent snack intake and zBMI as dependent variables. FPPs (autonomy support, coercive control, modeling, healthy structure, snack structure) were entered as mediators in the model, adjusted for covariates. Autonomy support mediated the link between parental general stress and adolescent savory snack and sweet snack intake at follow-up. Parents who reported higher stress levels provided less autonomy support, which resulted in more adolescent snacking. None of the other FPPs mediated any link between parental stress and intake or weight outcome, and no significant indirect effects were observed with zBMI as an outcome variable. Further research should replicate this finding and may further examine underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Department of Healthy Society, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 10090, 8000 GB Zwolle, The Netherlands;
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Carry Renders
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Natascha Notten
- Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Department of Healthy Society, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 10090, 8000 GB Zwolle, The Netherlands;
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Junilla K. Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
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30
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Tan CC, Riley HO, Sturza J, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Observed behavioral indicators of child satiation at mealtime: Associations with child characteristics and parent-reported child eating behaviors. Appetite 2021; 166:105480. [PMID: 34171410 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The notion of promoting parents' recognition of child satiation to reduce overfeeding and overeating in children is prevalent. To do so, it is important to identify common behaviors that may indicate satiation and can be easily recognized by parents. Relatively little work has focused on identifying behaviors that may indicate child satiation as they occur during naturalistic mealtimes, which is an important context for parents to observe their children's eating behavior. Hence, the goal of the current study is to examine whether observed behavioral indicators of child satiation at mealtimes are associated with child characteristics (i.e., sex, age, and BMIz) and parent-reported child appetitive traits. We coded observed behaviors thought to indicate satiation, specifically mealtime disengagement and mealtime negativity, in a cohort of 240 families with children between 4- and 8-years old (53% boys). First, we documented the occurrence of child disengagement and negativity during naturalistic mealtimes. Second, we found that lower child BMIz and being a boy were associated with greater mealtime disengagement, but child age was not associated with mealtime disengagement. No associations were found between child characteristics and mealtime negativity. Third, we found that mealtime disengagement and mealtime negativity were associated with mother-reported satiety responsiveness on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Taken together, our findings suggest observed mealtime disengagement and mealtime negativity behaviors could be helpful indicators of child satiation in a naturalistic mealtime context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cin Cin Tan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - Hurley O Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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31
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Are food parenting practices gendered? Impact of mothers' and fathers' practices on their child's eating behaviors. Appetite 2021; 166:105433. [PMID: 34087257 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Past research has mainly focused on the links between child eating behaviors and maternal food practices. The impact of fathers and of concordant/discordant food parenting practices within families has received much less attention. To fill this gap, both parents of 105 French children aged 2.01-6.51 years (54 boys, Mage = 3.88 years, SD = 1.40) filled in a survey with items from validated questionnaires. Results showed that fathers and mothers perceived their child's eating behaviors in similar ways (Pearson correlations between 0.34 and 0.78; M = 0.60), despite mothers taking significantly more meals with their child than fathers. Fathers reported using significantly more pressure to eat and food as reward, but reported lower levels of "family meal setting" than mothers. Moderate to high correlations were observed between mothers' and fathers' feeding practices and styles. Regression analyses showed that both maternal and paternal practices and styles were predictors for child eating behaviors. One interaction effect was observed: in households where both parents used higher levels of pressure to eat, the child showed a significantly lower food enjoyment than expected if the effects were additive. Our findings underline the importance of studying the individual role of each parent in child feeding research and that both parents within families should avoid using coercive practices. This could finally stimulate new interventions and recommendations addressed to both parents.
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32
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Spyreli E, McKinley MC, Dean M. Comparing Maternal and Paternal Complementary Feeding Practices: Findings From an Online Survey. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:531-539. [PMID: 33468410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore differences between mothers' and fathers' complementary feeding practices. METHODS An online survey of UK parents with a healthy child in complementary feeding age. Timing of introducing solid foods and adherence to feeding guidelines were assessed. Dietary quality was measured using the Complementary Feeding Utility Index. RESULTS In a sample of 60 mothers and fathers (nondyads), there were no differences between fathers and mothers in the timing of introduction of solid foods, compliance with complementary feeding guidelines, or dietary quality. Most fathers who participated had a male child, whereas mothers had an equal number of male and female children (P < 0.001). The proportion of mothers who followed baby-led weaning was higher compared with fathers (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Study findings reveal no gender differences in parental complementary feeding practices apart from the use of baby-led weaning. Future studies with bigger male samples are warranted to explore the paternal role during complementary feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Spyreli
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Moira Dean
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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33
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Mosli RH, Kaaki HM, Fallatah KM, Badreiq LY, Eid NM. Maternal feeding stress during mealtimes as a mediator between child food fussiness and maladaptive feeding behaviors among mothers of preschoolers. Appetite 2021; 165:105322. [PMID: 34029671 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parenting stress has been linked to maladaptive feeding behaviors and adverse child outcomes. Maternal stress that is specific to child feeding during mealtimes has not been previously explored. We sought to examine our hypothesis that maternal feeding stress during mealtimes (MFS-mealtimes) mediates the association of child food fussiness and concern about child's diet with maladaptive feeding behaviors. Mothers (n = 100) were recruited through different preschoolers around the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an online questionnaire, which included a newly developed MFS-mealtimes index (Cronbach's α = 0.89), the Child Feeding Questionnaire- Arabic (CFQ-A), and the child food fussiness scale. We conducted path analysis to test our hypothesis, and we used bivariate analyses to inform our path model. Mean child age was 4.76 years (SD = 0.62), and 62% of children were female. Mean maternal age was 33.9 years (SD = 5.83). Results from path analysis showed that concern about child's diet and child food fussiness were each associated with higher MFS-mealtimes (B = 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01, 0.20, p < 0.05, and B = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.53, p < 0.01, respectively). MFS-mealtimes was in turn associated with higher pressure to eat (B = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.71, p < 0.05). Goodness of fit indices showed good model fit (p > X2 = 0.83, SRMR = 0.005, and CFI = 1.00). Our findings suggest a novel approach for promoting a favorable mealtime environment. Parenting stress reduction interventions have been shown to be successful in reducing stress levels and may be utilized for minimizing feeding stress during mealtimes. Mothers of picky eaters may be specifically targeted for intervention programs. Long term consequences of excessive MFS-mealtimes, as well as variations between cultures need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana H Mosli
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hajer M Kaaki
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholod M Fallatah
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leen Y Badreiq
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Ms Eid
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Rancaño KM, Bandini LG, Curtin C, Eliasziw M, Odoms-Young A, Must A. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in food selectivity in children with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:1511-1520. [PMID: 33998122 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined differences in food selectivity by gender and parent race/ethnicity in children with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A convenience sample of 56 children with intellectual disabilities was analysed. A modified Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire and a 3-day food record were used to measure child food refusal rate and food repertoire, respectively. RESULTS Boys were about twice as likely to refuse total foods (rate ratio = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.34-4.09) and fruits (rate ratio = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.04-3.95) and 54% more likely to refuse vegetables (rate ratio = 1.54, 95%CI = 0.93-2.54). Children with Hispanic parents were twice as likely to refuse vegetables compared to children with non-Hispanic White parents (rate ratio = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.03-3.90). In analyses stratified by the presence or absence of co-occurring probable autism spectrum disorder, boys had greater food selectivity than girls. CONCLUSIONS This study expands our understanding of food selectivity in children with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Rancaño
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda G Bandini
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Programs in Nutrition, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol Curtin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center/University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela Odoms-Young
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Surette VA, Bernhard CB, Smith-Simpson S, Ross CF. Development of a home-use method for the evaluation of food products by children with and without Down syndrome. J Texture Stud 2021; 52:424-446. [PMID: 33856694 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a method to evaluate the acceptance of different snack food textures by children with food texture sensitivities, including children with and without Down syndrome (DS). An in-home use test (HUT) was developed to reflect recent taste study and allow greater recruitment. In this study, parents with children (ages 11-60 months) with DS (CWDS) and without (typically developing, CTD) were recruited and based on responses to several questions, children were categorized as food texture sensitive (TS) or nontexture sensitive (NTS). In total, 111 CWDS (49 TS and 62 NTS) and 107 CTD (42 TS and 65 NTS) participated. To select the food products for assessment, a trained panel profiled commercially available infant and toddler solid snack foods (n = 41), from which 16 products were selected and sorted into four flavor groupings. For the HUT, participating children evaluated each food product once per day for 6 days. Parents recorded their children's reactions to each food product; a panel of trained coders coded each video for verbal and nonverbal behaviors using a novel coding scheme. Parent prompts were also coded. Several challenges were experienced during this study, including poor-quality videos, and standardization of the home environment during the feeding sessions. However, the high degree of successful completion of the HUT (96%) was attributed to the high motivation of the parents involved, as well as the close interaction between the experimenters and the participants on an individual family level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Surette
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Charles B Bernhard
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Smith-Simpson
- Sensory and Consumer Insights, Nestlé Nutrition, Gerber Products Company, Fremont, Michigan, USA
| | - Carolyn F Ross
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Vollmer RL. The relationship between parental food parenting practices & child eating behavior: A comparison of mothers and fathers. Appetite 2021; 162:105193. [PMID: 33675859 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the relationships between food parenting practices and child eating behavior among mothers and fathers of young children. This cross-sectional study recruited mothers (n = 127) and fathers (n = 118) of children (4.2 ± 1.3 years old) to complete surveys (face-to-face and online). Each parent completed the Comprehensive Food Parenting Questionnaire, Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and demographic questions. Linear regressions were used to compare the relationships between parental food parenting practices and children's eating behaviors with parent sex as a moderator. Child age and sex served as control variables in each regression. Parent sex was a significant moderator in several relationships between parent food parenting practices and child eating behavior. In the relationship between parental restriction for health (ß = -.14, p = .014) and monitoring (ß = -.13, p = .028) and child slowness in eating, the slope of the interaction was significantly higher for mothers, meaning that when mothers and fathers use the same level of restriction for health and monitoring, child slowness in eating is higher for children of mothers. When mothers and fathers used the same level of restriction for weight, child food responsiveness (ß = .13, p = .003) and emotional overeating (ß = .12, p = .046) was significantly higher for children of fathers. There may be differences in how mothers and fathers implement food parenting practices and/or differences in how these practices impact children. Specifically, for fathers, it seems that the use of restriction for weight is more detrimental for children's eating behaviors compared to when mothers use the same level of restriction for weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Vollmer
- Illinois State University, Campus Box 5060, Normal, IL, 61790, USA.
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Lohse B, Mitchell DC. Valid and Reliable Measure of Adherence to Satter Division of Responsibility in Feeding. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:211-222. [PMID: 33423902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the validity and psychometrics of sDOR.2-6y, a 12-item measure of adherence to the Satter Division of Responsibility in Feeding (sDOR). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Online respondents in central Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS 117 parents (94% female, 77% White, 62% in ≥1 income-based assistance program) of preschoolers aged 2-6 years (28% moderate/high nutrition risk). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The sDOR.2-6y and Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler (NutriSTEP), a measure of child nutrition risk and other validated measures of eating behavior and parent feeding practices. ANALYSIS Relationships were evaluated with Pearson r, t tests, ANOVA, or chi-square. Factor structure was investigated using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Binary logistic regression and general linear model controlling for low-income status compared with sDOR.2-6y and NutriSTEP scores. Linear regression predicted NutriSTEP and Satter Eating Competence Inventory 2.0 scores from sDOR.2-6y. RESULTS The sDOR.2-6y ranged from 16-32 (mean, 25.9 ± 3.3; n = 114). Parents of youth at nutrition risk had lower sDOR.2-6y scores (P = 0.004). Each 1 point sDOR.2-6y increase decreased nutrition risk odds by 21% (95% confidence interval, 0.675-0.918; P = 0.002). The sDOR.2-6y scores were higher with less restriction and pressure to eat (both P < 0.001) and were associated with feeding style. Specificity was 87% with sDOR.2-6y cutoff ≥24; sensitivity was 66% with cutoff ≥26. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The sDOR.2-6y accurately and reliably indicated adherence of low-income mothers to sDOR. Larger, diverse samples for future studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lohse
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY.
| | - Diane C Mitchell
- Diet Assessment Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Feeding practices demonstrated by parents of toddlers: An observational analysis of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Appetite 2020; 155:104825. [PMID: 32777244 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to compare feeding practices and the eating environment (other people present, other people eating, and screen use) observed in families of toddlers across breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. 60 families with toddlers (12-36 months; M = 24.7 months) video recorded all occasions over the course of a day when the toddler ate or drank. Videos were coded for a variety of feeding practices (e.g., prompts to eat, restriction), other people present and eating, and screen use. Prompts to eat were grouped into autonomy-supportive prompts (ASP) and coercive-controlling prompts (CCP). Results of the study showed different patterns of consistency between meals and snacks depending on the feeding practice examined. CCP were correlated across all eating occasions, including meals and snacks, but ASP, interference, and instruction were only correlated across the primary meals (all p-values < .05). ASP and praise were also more frequently demonstrated during the primary meals compared to snacks (p-values < .05). Parents also used more interference at dinner compared to both breakfast and snacks. Furthermore, mothers and siblings commonly ate with the toddler, especially during lunch and dinner, but family members infrequently ate with the child during snacks. The percentage of families using a screen was similar for breakfast (38%), lunch (39%), and dinner (33%), but slightly higher for snacks (47%). Together, the results of this study demonstrate notable differences in feeding practices and environmental factors during meals compared to snacks.
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Swindle T, Rutledge JM, Johnson SL, Selig JP, Curran GM. De-implementation of detrimental feeding practices: a pilot protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:181. [PMID: 33292711 PMCID: PMC7678218 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood educators (ECEs) often use detrimental feeding practices and are slow to implement positive feeding practices. Nevertheless, few studies have aimed to understand and change ECEs' feeding practices. This gap needs to be addressed because implementation (i.e., adding new, evidence-based practices) and de-implementation (i.e., stopping low-value or harmful practices) are distinct processes that require unique strategies. METHODS We will develop a de-implementation strategy for detrimental feeding practices using evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) sessions to engage stakeholders and draw on the Niven process model for de-implementation. Then, we will investigate the effects of the de-implementation strategy in a proof-of-principle study. The de-implementation strategy will be evaluated in 2 partnering childcare agencies using a pre-post, within-site design. For our primary outcome, we will interview educators throughout the school year to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and survey them with standard measures for assessing feasibility and acceptability. For secondary outcomes, we will investigate its effects on the use of detrimental and evidence-based feeding practices by teachers and impacts on child BMI and diet. DISCUSSION The current study will establish the feasibility and acceptability of our de-implementation approach and will provide preliminary data toward 3 predicted secondary outcomes: (1) decreased detrimental feeding practices by ECEs, (2) increased adoption of and fidelity to nutrition promotion practices, and (3) improved child dietary outcomes. These results are expected to contribute to the uptake and sustainability of mealtime interventions to improve the diets of young children. Results will also apply to the field of implementation science by informing processes for developing de-implementation approaches in a community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199 USA
| | - Julie M. Rutledge
- College of Applied and Natural Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA
| | - Susan L. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - James P. Selig
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Geoff M. Curran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, USA
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Assessment of the nutritional status of children according to maternal reports: Are mothers' perceptions of their children's appetite accurate? Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:442-447. [PMID: 33028493 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study determined whether there is a difference in the nutritional status of children with good and poor appetites, as reported by their mothers. METHODS In all, 70 volunteer mothers of children aged 6-60 months participated in the study. Information about the nutrition of the child was obtained from the mothers via a questionnaire. RESULTS Based on the mothers' statements, no significant difference was found in the mean or median values of the anthropometric measurements between children with good and poor appetites (p>.05), and no significant difference was observed between daily consumed energy and macro- and micronutrients (p>.05). While the blood zinc levels of children with a good appetite were higher than those with a poor appetite (p<.05), there was no difference regarding other parameters (p>.05). CONCLUSION In this study, no significant difference was evident between children defined as having good or poor appetite by their mothers, especially in terms of energy and nutrients.
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Davison KK, Haines J, Garcia EA, Douglas S, McBride B. Fathers' food parenting: A scoping review of the literature from 1990 to 2019. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12654. [PMID: 32415676 PMCID: PMC8010159 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While food parenting is a robust area of inquiry, studies have largely focused on mothers. Given the diversity of family structures today and increases in fathers' engagement in caregiving, fathers' food parenting warrants attention. OBJECTIVE We present a scoping review of research on fathers' food parenting (1990-2019). Eligible studies included peer-reviewed research published in English documenting fathers' food parenting and presenting results for fathers separate from mothers. RESULTS Seventy-seven eligible studies were identified. Most studies were based in the U.S (63.6%) and utilized a cross-sectional design (93.5%). Approximately half of studies used a validated measure of food parenting (54.5%) and slightly less than 30% utilized theory (28.6%). Many studies did not report information on fathers' residential status (37.7%) or their relationship to the target child (biological vs social) (63.6%). Content analysis of study findings showed that: fathers are involved in food parenting, but at lower levels than mothers; there are few consistent mother-father differences in food parenting practices; and fathers' controlling food parenting is linked with negative nutrition outcomes in children while responsive food parenting is linked with positive child outcomes. CONCLUSION To better inform family interventions to prevent childhood obesity, future food parenting research with fathers should recognize the diversity of family structures and utilize prospective, theory-based, designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Davison
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelin A Garcia
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Douglas
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent McBride
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Thomson JL, Hennessy E, Landry AS, Goodman MH. Patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks among parent-child dyads. Nutr J 2020; 19:91. [PMID: 32847599 PMCID: PMC7448982 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children’s food preference and intake patterns are affected by parental child feeding practices. The objective was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks (JS) and investigate their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in a large cohort of parents and their children (12–17 years). Methods Dyadic survey data from the cross-sectional, internet-based Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study, conducted in 2014, were analyzed using latent class analysis to identify patterns of use for six JS parenting practices – negative emotions, restriction, monitoring, availability, modeling, and child involvement – based on parent and child report. Model covariates included self-reported parent and child sex, age (child only), body mass index category (based on height and weight), added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority. Results Based on 1657 parent-child dyads, five parenting practice patterns were identified representing different levels of practice use – Complete Influencers (28%; reference class), Indifferent Influencers (21%), Negative Influencers (20%), Minimal Influencers (18%), and Disagreeing Influencers (13%). Compared to older child dyads, younger child dyads were less likely to belong to Indifferent and Minimal Influencers (79 and 63% lower odds, respectively). Greater parent added sugars intake increased the odds of belonging to Indifferent and Negative Influencers (4 and 5% higher for every teaspoon increase, respectively) while greater child added sugars intake decreased the odds of belonging to Minimal Influencers (6% lower for every teaspoon increase). Compared to dyads with high scores, dyads with low child scores for legitimacy of parental authority regarding JS were 18 times as likely to belong to Disagreeing Influencers. Conclusions The study findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of feeding practices regarding JS ranging from use of many practices, use of some practices, to low use of any practice, with differential associations with parent and child intakes of added sugars. Counseling or intervening with parents to use a mix of structure practices, such as availability and modeling, to positively influence their child’s and possibly their own intake of sugary snacks and drinks may prove more efficacious than use of coercive control practices, such as negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Thomson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, PO Box 225, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, McAllister 112, 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Melissa H Goodman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, PO Box 225, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
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Thomson JL, Hennessy E, Landry AS, Goodman MH. Patterns of Food Parenting Practices Regarding Fruit and Vegetables among Parent-Adolescent Dyads. Child Obes 2020; 16:340-349. [PMID: 32673121 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: The study's objective was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding fruit and vegetables (FV) and their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in parents and adolescents (12-17 years). Methods: Dyadic survey data from Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating, a cross-sectional, Internet-based study, conducted in 2014 were analyzed using latent class analysis. Self-report model covariates included adolescent age and parent and adolescent sex, BMI, FV intake, and FV legitimacy of parental authority (FV-LPA). Results: Based on 1657 parent-adolescent dyads, 5 latent classes were identified representing use of all 6 to use of few FV parenting practices. Parent and adolescent responses agreed in four classes. The high use class was the reference class. Compared with early adolescent dyads, middle adolescent dyads had 58% and 66% lower odds of belonging to moderate and low use classes. Compared with female parent dyads, male parent dyads had over three times greater odds of belonging to low use class. Compared with female adolescent dyads, male adolescent dyads had 44% lower odds of belonging to disagreeing class. The odds of belonging to one of the other four classes were 19%-63% lower for every one cup equivalent increase in parent FV intake. Compared with dyads with high parental or adolescent agreement with FV-LPA, dyads with low agreement had 2.5-7 times the odds of belonging to another class. Conclusions: Distinct patterns of FV parenting practices exist and are associated with parent and adolescent demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and FV-LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA
| | - Melissa H Goodman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
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Harris HA, Jansen E, Rossi T. ‘It's not worth the fight’: Fathers' perceptions of family mealtime interactions, feeding practices and child eating behaviours. Appetite 2020; 150:104642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Healthy Eating Habits in Children and Adolescents at Risk of Poverty: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061891. [PMID: 32630502 PMCID: PMC7353268 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to provide an up-to-date review of trials that include behavioral intervention on the eating habits of children and adolescents at risk of poverty, applying meta-analysis to estimate the size of the intervention effect. A systematic literature search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE via Pubmed and via EBSCOhost, LILACS and IBECS via VHL. The MeSH terms were used: "social class", "poverty", "diet", "health promotion" (PROSPERO ID: 183900). A total of 14 articles were finally included in this systematic review. The primary results of the included studies were meta-analyzed with the RevMan 5.3 program, assuming a random effects model. Analysis of the overall effect showed combined standardized mean differences (SMD) of 0.16 (CI 95%: [0.03, 0.30], I2 = 76%). The p-value for the Z statistic was 0.02, which reflects accuracy in the effect estimation. When establishing subgroups based on the intervention tracking time points, studies that provided longer-term follow-up data showed a combined SMD of 0.15 (CI 95%: [-0.02, 0.32], I2 = 81%]). Small effects of behavioral interventions were found to promote healthy eating habits, but better effects were shown in cases where the invention was followed up in the long term.
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Riley HO, Lo SL, Rosenblum K, Sturza J, Kaciroti N, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Sex Differences in the Association between Household Chaos and Body Mass Index z-Score in Low-Income Toddlers. Child Obes 2020; 16:265-273. [PMID: 32155340 PMCID: PMC7262641 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Associations between household chaos and childhood overweight have been identified, but the mechanisms of association are not clearly established in young children, with some studies linking higher chaos to increased obesity risk, whereas other studies link higher chaos to lower obesity risk. Given the lack of consistent findings and early sex differences in vulnerability to chaos, we examined child sex as a moderator of the chaos-child overweight association. We also tested these associations with self-regulation, as self-regulation has been implicated in understanding the chaos-obesity risk association in low-income toddlers. Methods: Parent-reported household chaos and observed child self-regulation were collected at baseline [n = 132; M age 23.0 months (standard deviation 2.8)]. Children's body mass index z-score (BMIz) was measured at 33 months. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess whether child sex moderated the chaos-BMIz association. A three-way interaction between chaos, child sex, and self-regulation was also tested. Results: Child sex moderated the chaos-BMIz association (b = -0.11, p = 0.04) such that chaos was positively associated with BMIz among boys (b = 0.12, p = 0.003), but unrelated in girls (b = 0.01, p = 0.78). A three-way interaction with self-regulation indicated that a positive chaos-BMIz association existed only for boys with average (b = 0.12, p = 0.004) and low (b = 0.22, p < 0.001) self-regulation. Conclusions: Boys with poor self-regulation may be particularly vulnerable to obesogenic effects of chaotic households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurley O. Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Address correspondence to: Hurley O. Riley, MPH, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharon L. Lo
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison L. Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wood AC, Blissett JM, Brunstrom JM, Carnell S, Faith MS, Fisher JO, Hayman LL, Khalsa AS, Hughes SO, Miller AL, Momin SR, Welsh JA, Woo JG, Haycraft E. Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Young Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014520. [PMID: 32389066 PMCID: PMC7660848 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A substantial body of research suggests that efforts to prevent pediatric obesity may benefit from targeting not just what a child eats, but how they eat. Specifically, child obesity prevention should include a component that addresses reasons why children have differing abilities to start and stop eating in response to internal cues of hunger and satiety, a construct known as eating self‐regulation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding how caregivers can be an important influence on children's eating self‐regulation during early childhood. First, we discuss the evidence supporting an association between caregiver feeding and child eating self‐regulation. Second, we discuss what implications the current evidence has for actions caregivers may be able to take to support children's eating self‐regulation. Finally, we consider the broader social, economic, and cultural context around the feeding environment relationship and how this intersects with the implementation of any actions. As far as we are aware, this is the first American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement to focus on a psychobehavioral approach to reducing obesity risk in young children. It is anticipated that the timely information provided in this review can be used not only by caregivers within the immediate and extended family but also by a broad range of community‐based care providers.
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Rotman SA, Fowler LA, Ray MK, Stein RI, Hayes JF, Kolko RP, Balantekin KN, Engel A, Saelens BE, Welch RR, Perri MG, Epstein LH, Wilfley DE. Family Encouragement of Healthy Eating Predicts Child Dietary Intake and Weight Loss in Family-Based Behavioral Weight-Loss Treatment. Child Obes 2020; 16:218-225. [PMID: 31829732 PMCID: PMC7099423 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Social support for healthy eating can influence child eating behaviors; however, little is known about the impact of social support during family-based behavioral weight-loss treatment (FBT). This study aimed to determine the impacts of both baseline and change in family support on change in child diet and weight during FBT. Methods: Children (n = 175; BMI percentile ≥85th; ages 7-11; 61.1% female; 70.9% white) and a participating parent completed 4 months of FBT. Parents were active participants and learned social support-related strategies (i.e., praise and modeling of healthy eating). Child perceived family encouragement and discouragement for healthy eating, child diet quality (via 24-hour recalls), and child weight were assessed pre- and post-FBT. Results: Family encouragement for healthy eating increased during FBT, and this increase was related to increases in child healthy vegetable intake and overall diet quality, as well as decreases in refined grains consumed. Low pre-FBT family encouragement predicted greater increases in healthy vegetable intake, greater weight reduction, and greater increases in family encouragement for healthy eating. Family discouragement for healthy eating did not change during treatment nor did it predict dietary or weight outcomes. Conclusions: FBT successfully improves family encouragement, which is associated with improvements in child diet. Furthermore, even children who began treatment with low family encouragement for healthy eating show great improvements in dietary intake and weight during treatment. Results suggest that changes in child eating behavior during treatment is influenced by active, positive parenting techniques such as praise of healthy eating rather than negative family support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A. Rotman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Lauren A. Fowler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary Katherine Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard I. Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jacqueline F. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel P. Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Alexis Engel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian E. Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - R. Robinson Welch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael G. Perri
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Rahill S, Kennedy A, Kearney J. A review of the influence of fathers on children's eating behaviours and dietary intake. Appetite 2020; 147:104540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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