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Haddad-Tóvolli R, Claret M. Metabolic and feeding adjustments during pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:564-580. [PMID: 37525006 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Eating behaviours are determined by the integration of interoceptive and environmental inputs. During pregnancy, numerous physiological adaptations take place in the maternal organism to provide an adequate environment for embryonic growth. Among them, whole-body physiological remodelling directly influences eating patterns, commonly causing notable taste perception alterations, food aversions and cravings. Recurrent food cravings for and compulsive eating of highly palatable food can contribute to the development and maintenance of gestational overweight and obesity with potential adverse health consequences for the offspring. Although much is known about how maternal eating habits influence offspring health, the mechanisms that underlie changes in taste perception and food preference during pregnancy (which guide and promote feeding) are only just starting to be elucidated. Given the limited and diffuse understanding of the neurobiology of gestational eating patterns, the aim of this Review is to compile, integrate and discuss the research conducted on this topic in both experimental models and humans. This article sheds light on the mechanisms that drive changes in female feeding behaviours during distinct physiological states. Understanding these processes is crucial to improve gestational parent health and decrease the burden of metabolic and food-related diseases in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Chae Y, Lee IS. Central Regulation of Eating Behaviors in Humans: Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:3010. [PMID: 37447336 PMCID: PMC10347214 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging has great potential to provide insight into the neural response to food stimuli. Remarkable advances have been made in understanding the neural activity underlying food perception, not only in normal eating but also in obesity, eating disorders, and disorders of gut-brain interaction in recent decades. In addition to the abnormal brain function in patients with eating disorders compared to healthy controls, new therapies, such as neurofeedback and neurostimulation techniques, have been developed that target the malfunctioning brain regions in patients with eating disorders based on the results of neuroimaging studies. In this review, we present an overview of early and more recent research on the central processing and regulation of eating behavior in healthy and patient populations. In order to better understand the relationship between the gut and the brain as well as the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal ingestive behaviors, we also provide suggestions for future directions to enhance our current methods used in food-related neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younbyoung Chae
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Yokum S, Stice E. Relation of Overweight/Obesity to Reward Region Response to Food Reward and the Moderating Effects of Parental History of Eating Pathology in Adolescent Females. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112558. [PMID: 37299520 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether overweight/obesity is associated with an elevated reward region response to milkshake cues and a low reward region response to milkshake receipt. To test whether the risk for eating pathology moderates the effects of weight status on the neural response to milkshake cues and milkshake receipt. METHOD The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neuronal responses of female adolescents (n = 80; M age = 14.6 ± 0.9; M BMI = 21.9 ± 3.6; 41% with a biological parental history of eating pathology) during a food receipt paradigm. RESULTS Females with overweight/obesity showed a greater ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and ventral anterior cingulate (ACC) response to milkshake cues and a greater ventral striatum, subgenual ACC, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex response to milkshake receipt than those with a healthy weight. Females with overweight/obesity plus a parental history of eating pathology showed a greater vmPFC/medial orbitofrontal cortex response to milkshake cues than those without a parental history of eating pathology and those with a healthy weight. Females with overweight/obesity and without a parental history of eating pathology showed a greater thalamus and striatum response to milkshake receipt. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity is associated with an elevated reward region response to palatable food cues and food receipt. A risk for eating pathology enhances the reward region response to food cues in those with excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Yokum
- Oregon Research Institute, Springfield, OR 97477, USA
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Rramani Q, Barakat Y, Jacob G, Ohla K, Lim SXL, Schicker D, Freiherr J, Saruco E, Pleger B, Weber B, Schultz J. Nutrition claims influence expectations about food attributes, attenuate activity in reward-associated brain regions during tasting, but do not impact pleasantness. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2828. [PMID: 36511877 PMCID: PMC9847625 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutrition claims are one of the most common tools used to improve food decisions. Previous research has shown that nutrition claims impact expectations; however, their effects on perceived pleasantness, valuation, and their neural correlates are not well understood. These claims may have both intended and unintended effects on food perception and valuation, which may compromise their effect on food decisions. METHODS We investigated the effects of nutrition claims on expectations, perceptions, and valuation of milk-mix drinks in a behavioral (n = 110) and an fMRI (n = 39) study. In the behavioral study, we assessed the effects of a "fat-reduced" and a "protein-rich" nutrition claim on expected and perceived food attributes of otherwise equal food products. In the fMRI study, we investigated the effect of a "protein-rich" claim on taste pleasantness perception and valuation, and on their neural correlates during tasting and swallowing. RESULTS We found that both nutrition claims increased expected and perceived healthiness and decreased expected but not perceived taste pleasantness. The "protein-rich" claim increased expected but not perceived satiating quality ratings, while the "fat-reduced" claim decreased both expected and perceived satiating quality ratings. In the absence vs. presence of the "protein-rich" claim, we observed an increased activity in a cluster extending to the left nucleus accumbens during tasting and an increased functional connectivity between this cluster and a cluster in right middle frontal gyrus during swallowing. CONCLUSION Altogether, we found that nutrition claims impacted expectations and attenuated reward-related responses during tasting but did not negatively affect perceived pleasantness. Our findings support highlighting the presence of nutrients with positive associations and exposure to foods with nutrition claims to increase their acceptance. Our study offers insights that may be valuable in designing and optimizing the use of nutrition claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qëndresa Rramani
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Youssef Barakat
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - George Jacob
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Kathrin Ohla
- NutriAct‐Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin‐PotsdamNuthetalGermany
- Firmenich SASatignySwitzerland
| | - Shirley Xue Li Lim
- NutriAct‐Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin‐PotsdamNuthetalGermany
- Cognitive Neuroscience (INM‐3), Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineResearch CenterJülichGermany
| | - Doris Schicker
- Sensory Analytics & TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVVFreisingGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Sensory Analytics & TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVVFreisingGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Elodie Saruco
- Department of NeurologyBG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of NeurologyBG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Johannes Schultz
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (IEECR)University of BonnBonnGermany
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5
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Abstract
The modern obesogenic environment contains an abundance of food cues (e.g., sight, smell of food) as well cues that are associated with food through learning and memory processes. Food cue exposure can lead to food seeking and excessive consumption in otherwise food-sated individuals, and a high level of food cue responsivity is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Similar food cue responses are observed in experimental rodent models, and these models are therefore useful for mechanistically identifying the neural circuits mediating food cue responsivity. This review draws from both experimental rodent models and human data to characterize the behavioral and biological processes through which food-associated stimuli contribute to overeating and weight gain. Two rodent models are emphasized - cue-potentiated feeding and Pavlovian-instrumental transfer - that provide insight in the neural circuits and peptide systems underlying food cue responsivity. Data from humans are highlighted that reveal physiological, psychological, and neural mechanisms that connect food cue responsivity with overeating and weight gain. The collective literature identifies connections between heightened food cue responsivity and obesity in both rodents and humans, and identifies underlying brain regions (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus) and endocrine systems (ghrelin) that regulate food cue responsivity in both species. These species similarities are encouraging for the possibility of mechanistic rodent model research and further human research leading to novel treatments for excessive food cue responsivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Brondel L, Quilliot D, Mouillot T, Khan NA, Bastable P, Boggio V, Leloup C, Pénicaud L. Taste of Fat and Obesity: Different Hypotheses and Our Point of View. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030555. [PMID: 35276921 PMCID: PMC8838004 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a temporary or prolonged positive energy balance due to an alteration in the homeostatic feedback of energy balance. Food, with its discriminative and hedonic qualities, is a key element of reward-based energy intake. An alteration in the brain reward system for highly palatable energy-rich foods, comprised of fat and carbohydrates, could be one of the main factors involved in the development of obesity by increasing the attractiveness and consumption of fat-rich foods. This would induce, in turn, a decrease in the taste of fat. A better understanding of the altered reward system in obesity may open the door to a new era for the diagnosis, management and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Brondel
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, UMR 6265 CNRS, 1324 INRAE, University of Burgundy, Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-80681677 or +33-6-43213100
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Unité Multidisciplinaire de la Chirurgie de L’obésité, University Hospital Nancy-Brabois, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;
| | - Thomas Mouillot
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, UMR 6265 CNRS, 1324 INRAE, University of Burgundy, Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology, University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR/UB/AgroSup 1231, University of Burgundy, Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | | | | | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, UMR 6265 CNRS, 1324 INRAE, University of Burgundy, Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Institut RESTORE, Toulouse University, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301 Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France;
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Koenis MMG, Papasavas PK, Janssen RJ, Tishler DS, Pearlson GD. Brain responses to anticipatory cues and milkshake taste in obesity, and their relationship to bariatric surgery outcome. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118623. [PMID: 34627978 PMCID: PMC10947342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial variability in percent total weight loss (%TWL) following bariatric surgery. Functional brain imaging may explain more variance in post-surgical weight loss than psychological or metabolic information. Here we examined the neuronal responses during anticipatory cues and receipt of drops of milkshake in 52 pre-bariatric surgery men and women with severe obesity (OW, BMI = 35-60 kg/m2) (23 sleeve gastrectomy (SG), 24 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 3 laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), 2 did not undergo surgery) and 21 healthy-weight (HW) controls (BMI = 19-27 kg/m2). One-year post-surgery weight loss ranged from 3.1 to 44.0 TWL%. Compared to HW, OW had a stronger response to milkshake cues (compared to water) in frontal and motor, somatosensory, occipital, and cerebellar regions. Responses to milkshake taste receipt (compared to water) differed from HW in frontal, motor, and supramarginal regions where OW showed more similar response to water. One year post-surgery, responses to high-fat milkshake cues normalized in frontal, motor, and somatosensory regions. This change in brain response was related to scores on a composite health index. We found no correlation between baseline response to milkshake cues or tastes and%TWL at 1-yr post-surgery. In RYGB participants only, a stronger response to low-fat milkshake and water cues (compared to high-fat) in supramarginal and cuneal regions respectively was associated with more weight loss. A stronger cerebellar response to high-fat vs low-fat milkshake receipt was also associated with more weight loss. We confirm differential responses to anticipatory milkshake cues in participants with severe obesity and HW in the largest adult cohort to date. Our brain wide results emphasizes the need to look beyond reward and cognitive control regions. Despite the lack of a correlation with post-surgical weight loss in the entire surgical group, participants who underwent RYGB showed predictive power in several regions and contrasts. Our findings may help in understanding the neuronal mechanisms associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinka M G Koenis
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06102, United States.
| | - Pavlos K Papasavas
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, United States
| | - Ronald J Janssen
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06102, United States
| | - Darren S Tishler
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06102, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
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8
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A label indicating an old year of establishment improves evaluations of restaurants and shops serving traditional foods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259063. [PMID: 34758044 PMCID: PMC8580222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the presence of product information focused on a past era (e.g., year of establishment) improved consumers’ evaluations of a shop serving traditional products when the label and shop were congruent in terms of temporal focus. Across five experiments, participants viewed and evaluated advertisements from traditional food restaurants and shops that showed an old year of establishment. They showed favorable evaluations of the restaurants and food shops more frequently when a label focused on the past was displayed than when the label was absent or when a label focused on the present was displayed. Subsequent experiments indicated that this labeling effect was strongest when the label and shop were consistent in terms of traditional culture such that the year of establishment on the label showed the Japanese era name (Japan’s traditional date format) and was accompanied by Japanese classic foods. Importantly, in this study, qualitative domains were consistently improved more often than were ratings of visit intention and expected taste. The results suggest that temporal congruence between the label and restaurants rated plays an essential role in ensuring that these advertisements are effective in improving positive evaluations.
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Christensen EL, Harding IH, Voigt K, Chong TTJ, Verdejo-Garcia A. Neural underpinnings of food choice and consumption in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:194-201. [PMID: 34611286 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with unhealthy food choices. Food selection is driven by the subjective valuation of available options, and the perceived and actual rewards accompanying consumption. These cognitive operations are mediated by brain regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and ventral striatum (vStr). This study investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and functional activations in the vmPFC, dACC, and vStr during food selection and consumption. SUBJECTS/METHODS After overnight fasting, 26 individuals (BMI: 18-40 kg/m2) performed a food choice task while being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Each trial involved selecting one beverage from a pair of presented options, followed by delivery of a 3 mL aliquot of the selected option using an MR-compatible gustometer. We also tracked subjective preference for each beverage throughout the experiment. RESULTS During food choice, individuals with greater BMI had less activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when selecting a high-value option and less vmPFC activation upon its consumption. Independent of BMI, during food choice the dACC and anterior insula elicited higher activation when a less preferred beverage was selected. Activation of the dACC and a broader frontoparietal network was also observed when deciding between options more similar in value. During consumption, receipt of a more preferred beverage was associated with greater vmPFC response, and attenuation of the dACC. CONCLUSIONS An individual's preference for a food option modulates the brain activity associated with choosing and consuming it. The relationship between food preference and underlying brain activity is altered in obesity, with reduced engagement of cognition-related regions when presented with a highly valued option, but a blunted response in reward-related regions upon consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn L Christensen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharina Voigt
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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10
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Electroacupuncture enhances resting-state functional connectivity between dorsal caudate and precuneus and decreases associated leptin levels in overweight/obese subjects. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:445-454. [PMID: 34415492 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is a safe and effective method for treating obesity. However, how it modulates reward-related brain activity/functional connectivity and gut hormones remains unclear. We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to investigate EA induced changes in resting-state activity and RSFC in reward-related regions and its association with gut hormones in overweight/obese subjects who received real (n = 20) and Sham (n = 15) stimulation. Results showed reduced leptin levels was positively correlated with reduced body mass index (BMI) and negatively correlated with increased cognitive-control as measured with Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ). Significant time effects on RSFC between dorsal caudate (DC) and precuneus were due to significant increased RSFC strength in both EA and Sham groups. In addition, increased RSFC of DC-precuneus was negatively correlated with reduced BMI and leptin levels in the EA group. Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between increased DC-precuneus RSFC strength and reduced BMI was mediated by reduced leptin levels. These findings reflect the association between EA-induced brain reward-related RSFC and leptin levels, and decreased leptin levels mediated altered DC-precuneus RSFC strength and consequent weight-loss, suggesting the potential role of EA in reducing weight and appetite.
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11
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Bickel WK, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Craft WH, Keith DR, Athamneh LN, Basso JC, Epstein LH. Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:307-329. [PMID: 34358579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is a result of processes operating at multiple levels, most forms result from decision-making behavior. The aim of this review was to examine the candidacy of temporal discounting (TD) (i.e. the reduction in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to its receipt) as a behavioral marker of obesity. For this purpose, we assessed whether TD has the ability to: identify risk for obesity development, diagnose obesity, track obesity progression, predict treatment prognosis/outcomes, and measure treatment effectiveness. Three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of terms related to TD and obesity. A total of 153 papers were reviewed. Several areas show strong evidence of TD's predictive utility as a behavioral marker of obesity (e.g., distinguishing obese from non obese). However, other areas have limited and/or mixed evidence (e.g., predicting weight change). Given the positive relationship for TD in the majority of domains examined, further consideration for TD as a behavioral marker of obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | | | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Liqa N Athamneh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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Han P, Roitzsch C, Horstmann A, Pössel M, Hummel T. Increased Brain Reward Responsivity to Food-Related Odors in Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1138-1145. [PMID: 33913254 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food odors serve as powerful stimuli signaling the food quality and energy density and direct food-specific appetite and consumption. This study explored obesity-related brain activation in response to odors related to high- or low-energy-dense foods. METHODS Seventeen participants with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2 ; 4 males and 13 females) and twenty-one with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2 ; 9 males and 12 females) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan in which they received chocolate (high-energy-dense food) and cucumber (low-energy-dense food) odor stimuli. Participants' olfactory and gustatory functions were assessed by the "Sniffin' Sticks" and "Taste Strips" tests, respectively. RESULTS Compared with normal-weight controls, participants with obesity had lower odor sensitivity (phenylethyl alcohol) and decreased odor discrimination ability. However, participants with obesity demonstrated greater brain activation in response to chocolate compared with cucumber odors in the bilateral inferior frontal operculum and cerebellar vermis, right ventral anterior insula extending to putamen, right middle temporal gyrus, and right supramarginal areas. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides preliminary evidence that obesity is associated with heightened brain activation of the reward and flavor processing areas in response to chocolate versus cucumber odors, possibly because of the higher energy density and reinforcing value of chocolate compared with cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Clemens Roitzsch
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, CRC 1052A5 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Pössel
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Li G, Hu Y, Zhang W, Ding Y, Wang Y, Wang J, He Y, Lv G, Deneen KM, Zhao Y, Chen A, Han Y, Cui G, Ji G, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Wang G, Zhang Y. Resting activity of the hippocampus and amygdala in obese individuals predicts their response to food cues. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12974. [PMID: 33084195 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals exhibit brain functional abnormalities in multiple regions implicated in reward/motivation, emotion/memory, homeostatic regulation, and executive control when exposed to food cues and during rest. However, it remains unclear whether abnormal brain responses to food cues might account for or relate to their abnormal activity in resting state. This information would be useful for understanding the neural mechanisms behind hyperactive responses to food cues, a critical marker of obesity. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and a cue-reactivity fMRI task with high- (HiCal) and low-caloric (LoCal) food cues were employed to investigate brain baseline activity and food cue-induced activation differences in 44 obese participants (OB), in 37 overweight participants (OW), and in 37 normal weight (NW) controls. One-way analyses of variance showed there was a group difference in the left hippocampus/amygdala activity during resting state and during food-cue stimulation (pFWE < 0.05); post-hoc tests showed the OB group had both greater basal activity and greater food cue-induced activation than the OW and NW groups; OW had higher activity in the hippocampus/amygdala than the NW group, which was only significant during resting state. In the OB group, resting-state activity in the left hippocampus/amygdala was positively correlated with activation induced by HiCal food cues, and both of these measures correlated with body mass index (BMI). Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between BMI and hippocampus/amygdala response to HiCal food cues was mediated by their resting-state activity. These findings suggest a close association between obesity and brain functional abnormality in the hippocampus/amygdala. They also indicate that resting-state activity in the hippocampus/amygdala may impact these regions' responses to food cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yueyan Ding
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Ganggang Lv
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Karen M. Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Antao Chen
- Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Gene‐Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
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14
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Saruco E, Pleger B. A Systematic Review of Obesity and Binge Eating Associated Impairment of the Cognitive Inhibition System. Front Nutr 2021; 8:609012. [PMID: 33996871 PMCID: PMC8116510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.609012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered functioning of the inhibition system and the resulting higher impulsivity are known to play a major role in overeating. Considering the great impact of disinhibited eating behavior on obesity onset and maintenance, this systematic review of the literature aims at identifying to what extent the brain inhibitory networks are impaired in individuals with obesity. It also aims at examining whether the presence of binge eating disorder leads to similar although steeper neural deterioration. We identified 12 studies that specifically assessed impulsivity during neuroimaging. We found a significant alteration of neural circuits primarily involving the frontal and limbic regions. Functional activity results show BMI-dependent hypoactivity of frontal regions during cognitive inhibition and either increased or decreased patterns of activity in several other brain regions, according to their respective role in inhibition processes. The presence of binge eating disorder results in further aggravation of those neural alterations. Connectivity results mainly report strengthened connectivity patterns across frontal, parietal, and limbic networks. Neuroimaging studies suggest significant impairment of various neural circuits involved in inhibition processes in individuals with obesity. The elaboration of accurate therapeutic neurocognitive interventions, however, requires further investigations, for a deeper identification and understanding of obesity-related alterations of the inhibition brain system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Saruco
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Difference in neural reactivity to taste stimuli and visual food stimuli in neural circuits of ingestive behavior. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1395-1405. [PMID: 30734916 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain responses to sight and taste of foods have been examined to provide insights into neural substrates of ingestive behavior. Since the brain response to food images and taste stimuli are overlapped in neural circuits of eating behavior, each food cue would influence eating behavior in a partly similar manner. However, because few studies have examined the differences in brain responses to each food cue, the variation in neural sensitivity to these food cues or specific brain response to each food cue remain unclear. We thus performed a repeated measures functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to examine brain responses to the image and taste of various foods for direct comparisons of the brain response to each food cue. Thirty-five healthy adolescents (age: 14-19 years [mean: 17 years], males = 16, females = 19) underwent two fMRI scans, a food image fMRI scan for measurement of brain response to food images, and a taste stimulus fMRI scan for measurement of brain response to taste stimuli. Food images evoked brain responses in the visual information processing regions, anterior insula, striatum, and pre-/postcentral gyrus compared to taste stimuli, whereas taste stimuli induced brain responses in the mid-insula and limbic regions compared to food images. These results imply that food images tend to evoke brain responses in regions associated with food reward anticipation and food choice, whereas taste stimuli tend to induce brain responses in regions involved in assigning existent incentive values to foods based on existent energy homeostatic status.
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16
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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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17
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Arsalidou M, Vijayarajah S, Sharaev M. Basal ganglia lateralization in different types of reward. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2618-2646. [PMID: 31927758 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reward processing is a fundamental human activity. The basal ganglia are recognized for their role in reward processes; however, specific roles of the different nuclei (e.g., nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen and globus pallidus) remain unclear. Using quantitative meta-analyses we assessed whole-brain and basal ganglia specific contributions to money, erotic, and food reward processing. We analyzed data from 190 fMRI studies which reported stereotaxic coordinates of whole-brain, within-group results from healthy adult participants. Results showed concordance in overlapping and distinct cortical and sub-cortical brain regions as a function of reward type. Common to all reward types was concordance in basal ganglia nuclei, with distinct differences in hemispheric dominance and spatial extent in response to the different reward types. Food reward processing favored the right hemisphere; erotic rewards favored the right lateral globus pallidus and left caudate body. Money rewards engaged the basal ganglia bilaterally including its most anterior part, nucleus accumbens. We conclude by proposing a model of common reward processing in the basal ganglia and separate models for money, erotic, and food rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Arsalidou
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sagana Vijayarajah
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maksim Sharaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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18
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Agarwal K, Manza P, Leggio L, Livinski AA, Volkow ND, Joseph PV. Sensory cue reactivity: Sensitization in alcohol use disorder and obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:326-357. [PMID: 33587959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques to measure the function of the human brain such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are powerful tools for understanding the underlying neural circuitry associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and obesity. The sensory (visual, taste and smell) paradigms used in neuroimaging studies represent an ideal platform to investigate the connection between the different neural circuits subserving the reward/executive control systems in these disorders, which may offer a translational mechanism for novel intervention predictions. Thus, the current review provides an integrated summary of the recent neuroimaging studies that have applied cue-reactivity paradigms and neuromodulation strategies to explore underlying alterations in neural circuitry as well in treatment strategies in AUD and obesity. Finally, we discuss literature on mechanisms associated with increased alcohol sensitivity post-bariatric surgery (BS) which offers guidance for future research to use sensory percepts in elucidating the relation of reward signaling in AUD development post-BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda and Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda and Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paule Valery Joseph
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Chumachenko SY, Cali RJ, Rosal MC, Allison JJ, Person SJ, Ziedonis D, Nephew BC, Moore CM, Zhang N, King JA, Fulwiler C. Keeping weight off: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction alters amygdala functional connectivity during weight loss maintenance in a randomized control trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244847. [PMID: 33428638 PMCID: PMC7799782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significant comorbidities and financial costs. While behavioral interventions produce clinically meaningful weight loss, weight loss maintenance is challenging. The objective was to improve understanding of the neural and psychological mechanisms modified by mindfulness that may predict clinical outcomes. Individuals who intentionally recently lost weight were randomized to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or a control healthy living course. Anthropometric and psychological factors were measured at baseline, 8 weeks and 6 months. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed at baseline and 8 weeks to examine FC changes between regions of interest selected a priori, and independent components identified by independent component analysis. The association of pre-post FC changes with 6-month weight and psychometric outcomes was then analyzed. Significant group x time interaction was found for FC between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, such that FC increased in the MBSR group and decreased in controls. Non-significant changes in weight were observed at 6 months, where the mindfulness group maintained their weight while the controls showed a weight increase of 3.4% in BMI. Change in FC at 8-weeks between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and several ROIs was associated with change in depression symptoms but not weight at 6 months. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence of neural mechanisms that may be involved in MBSR’s impact on weight loss maintenance that may be useful for designing future clinical trials and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhiy Y. Chumachenko
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Cali
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroan J. Allison
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sharina J. Person
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas Ziedonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Nephew
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Constance M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jean A. King
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carl Fulwiler
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Zhang W, Ji G, Manza P, Li G, Hu Y, Wang J, Lv G, He Y, von Deneen KM, Han Y, Cui G, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Connectome-Based Prediction of Optimal Weight Loss Six Months After Bariatric Surgery. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2561-2573. [PMID: 33350441 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite bariatric surgery being the most effective treatment for obesity, a proportion of subjects have suboptimal weight loss post-surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms behind the variance in weight loss and identify specific baseline biomarkers to predict optimal weight loss. Here, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with baseline whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and a multivariate prediction framework integrating feature selection, feature transformation, and classification to prospectively identify obese patients that exhibited optimal weight loss at 6 months post-surgery. Siamese network, which is a multivariate machine learning method suitable for small sample analysis, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) were cascaded as the classifier (Siamese-KNN). In the leave-one-out cross-validation, the Siamese-KNN achieved an accuracy of 83.78%, which was substantially higher than results from traditional classifiers. RSFC patterns contributing to the prediction consisted of brain networks related to salience, reward, self-referential, and cognitive processing. Further RSFC feature analysis indicated that the connection strength between frontal and parietal cortices was stronger in the optimal versus the suboptimal weight loss group. These findings show that specific RSFC patterns could be used as neuroimaging biomarkers to predict individual weight loss post-surgery and assist in personalized diagnosis for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Ganggang Lv
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
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21
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Gobbi S, Weber S, Graf G, Hinz D, Asarian L, Geary N, Leeners B, Hare T, Tobler P. Reduced Neural Satiety Responses in Women Affected by Obesity. Neuroscience 2020; 447:94-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Motoki K, Suzuki S. Extrinsic Factors Underlying Food Valuation in the Human Brain. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:131. [PMID: 32848655 PMCID: PMC7396671 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjective values for food rewards guide our dietary choices. There is growing evidence that value signals are constructed in the brain by integrating multiple types of information about flavor, taste, and nutritional attributes of the foods. However, much less is known about the influence of food-extrinsic factors such as labels, brands, prices, and packaging designs. In this mini-review article, we outline recent findings in decision neuroscience, consumer psychology, and food science about the effect of extrinsic factors on food value computations in the human brain. To date, studies have demonstrated that, while the integrated value signal is encoded in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, information on the extrinsic factors of the food is encoded in diverse brain regions previously implicated in a wide range of functions: cognitive control, memory, emotion and reward processing. We suggest that a comprehensive understanding of food valuation requires elucidation of the mechanisms behind integrating extrinsic factors in the brain to compute an overall subjective value signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Motoki
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan.,Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- Brain, Mind and Markets Laboratory, Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Courtney AL, Casey BJ, Rapuano KM. A Neurobiological Model of Alcohol Marketing Effects on Underage Drinking. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2020:68-80. [PMID: 32079563 PMCID: PMC7064001 DOI: 10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although an association between exposure to alcohol advertising and underage drinking is well documented, the underlying neurobiological contributions to this association remain largely unexplored. From an epidemiological perspective, identifying the neurobiological plausibility of this exposure-outcome association is a crucial step toward establishing marketing as a contributor to youth drinking and informing public policy interventions to decrease this influence. METHOD We conducted a critical review of the literature on neurobiological risk factors and adolescent brain development, social influences on drinking, and neural contributions to reward sensitization and risk taking. By drawing from these separate areas of research, we propose a unified, neurobiological model of alcohol marketing effects on underage drinking. RESULTS We discuss and extend the literature to suggest that responses in prefrontal-reward circuitry help establish alcohol advertisements as reward-predictive cues that may reinforce consumption upon exposure. We focus on adolescence as a sensitive window of development during which youth are particularly susceptible to social and reward cues, which are defining characteristics of many alcohol advertisements. As a result, alcohol marketing may promote positive associations early in life that motivate social drinking, and corresponding neurobiological changes may contribute to later patterns of alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS The neurobiological model proposed here, which considers neurodevelopmental risk factors, social influences, and reward sensitization to alcohol cues, suggests that exposure to alcohol marketing could plausibly influence underage drinking by sensitizing prefrontal-reward circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. J. Casey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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24
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Derman RC, Ferrario CR. Affective Pavlovian motivation is enhanced in obesity susceptible populations: Implications for incentive motivation in obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 380:112318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Franssen S, Jansen A, van den Hurk J, Roebroeck A, Roefs A. Power of mind: Attentional focus rather than palatability dominates neural responding to visual food stimuli in females with overweight. Appetite 2020; 148:104609. [PMID: 31954729 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research investigating neural responses to visual food stimuli has produced inconsistent results. Crucially, high-caloric palatable foods have a double-sided nature - they are often craved but are also considered unhealthy - which may have contributed to the inconsistency in the literature. Taking this double-sided nature into account in the current study, neural responses to individually tailored palatable and unpalatable high caloric food stimuli were measured, while participants' (females with overweight: n = 23) attentional focus was manipulated to be either hedonic or neutral. Notably, results showed that the level of neural activity was not significantly different for palatable than for unpalatable food stimuli. Instead, independent of food palatability, several brain regions (including regions in the mesocorticolimbic system) responded more strongly when attentional focus was hedonic than when neutral (p < 0.05, cluster-based FWE corrected). Multivariate analyses showed that food palatability could be decoded from multi-voxel patterns of neural activity (p < 0.05, FDR corrected), mostly with a hedonic attentional focus. These findings illustrate that the level of neural activity might not be proportionate to the palatability of foods, but that food palatability can be decoded from multi-voxel patterns of neural activity. Moreover, they underline the importance of considering attentional focus when measuring food-related neural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieske Franssen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anita Jansen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Job van den Hurk
- Scannexus, 6229 EV, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Roefs
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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26
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Red for "Stop": "Traffic-Light" Nutrition Labels Decrease Unhealthy Food Choices by Increasing Activity and Connectivity in the Frontal Lobe. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010128. [PMID: 31906493 PMCID: PMC7019506 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food labels comprise a national health-intervention policy that informs consumers of food-product nutritional value. Previous evidence has indicated that, compared to a purely numeric guideline-daily-amount label, a traffic-light-inspired, color-coded label more effectively conveys the nutritional level and increases the selection of healthier products. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the mechanism whereby traffic-light and guideline-daily-amount labels influence food-related decision-making. Forty-four female dieters (age, mean = 20.0, standard deviation = 1.45 years) were recruited to participate in a food-choice task; healthy or unhealthy food options were presented with color-coded traffic-light or purely numeric guideline-daily-amount labels, and the participants were asked to state their preference. We found that, compared with the guideline-daily-amount label, a salient, red traffic-light label potentially reduced unhealthy food-related decision-making and activated the superior medial frontal gyrus and the supplementary motor area, which are implicated in the execution of responses and motor inhibition. For the same stimulus contrast, we also found increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, which is associated with salient information monitoring. Finally, we found stronger functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and inhibitory regions (inferior and middle frontal gyri) under red-traffic-light than under guideline-daily-amount label conditions. These results suggest that traffic-light-inspired labels may be a more effective means of public-policy intervention than are numeric labels conveying guideline daily amounts.
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Human brain responses to gustatory and food stimuli: A meta-evaluation of neuroimaging meta-analyses. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Zerbini C, Luceri B, Marchetti A, Di Dio C. Shaping consumption propensity through the emotional response evoked by nutritional labels: Evidence from an fMRI study. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108547. [PMID: 31554096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate a) the ability of nutritional labels in pictorial and textual form to guide consumption choices applying the dual-coding theory; b) the effectiveness of a new type of pictorial label (i.e. the body label) that appeals to the self-congruence theory and to positive emotional response. The research hypotheses were tested trough a 2x4x2 fMRI experimental design with 2 levels of product version (regular vs light), 4 levels of label type (text vs traffic light vs star rating vs body) and 2 levels of group of people (normal weight vs overweight). The body light label generates more brain activation in areas involved in the reward circuit compared to the body regular one, and compared to all the other types of labels for both versions, only in the overweight subject group. Furthermore, the star rating label has the worst performance in orienting healthy food choices as it requires more cognitive effort. The results are of interest to policy maker's strategies and to out-of-store and in-store communication strategies with the aim to contract the excessive body-weight phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zerbini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Luceri
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Dio
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Health, pleasure, and fullness: changing mindset affects brain responses and portion size selection in adults with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:428-437. [PMID: 31213656 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased portion size is an essential contributor to the current obesity epidemic. The decision of how much to eat before a meal begins (i.e. pre-meal planning), and the attention assigned to this task, plays a vital role in our portion control. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether pre-meal planning can be influenced by a shift in mindset in individuals with overweight and obesity in order to influence portion size selection and brain activity. DESIGN We investigated the neural underpinnings of pre-meal planning in 36 adults of different weight groups (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging. To examine the important role of attentional focus, participants were instructed to focus their mindset on the health effects of food, expected pleasure, or their intention to stay full until dinnertime, while choosing their portion size for lunch. RESULTS We observed that participants of all weight groups reduced their portion size when adopting a health mindset, which was accompanied by enhanced activation of the self-control network (i.e. left prefrontal cortex). Fullness and pleasure mindsets resulted in contrasting reward responses in individuals with overweight and obesity compared to normal-weight individuals. Under the pleasure mindset, persons with overweight and obesity showed heightened activity in parts of the taste cortex (i.e. right frontal operculum), while the fullness mindset caused reduced activation in the ventral striatum, an important component of the reward system. Moreover, participants with overweight and obesity did not modify their behaviour under the pleasure mindset and selected larger portions than the normal-weight group. CONCLUSIONS We were able to identify specific brain response patterns as participants made a final choice of a portion size. The results demonstrate that different brain responses and behaviours during pre-meal planning can inform the development of effective strategies for healthy weight management.
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Deshpande HU, Mellis AM, Lisinski JM, Stein JS, Koffarnus MN, Paluch R, Schweser F, Zivadinov R, LaConte SM, Epstein LH, Bickel WK. Reinforcer pathology: Common neural substrates for delay discounting and snack purchasing in prediabetics. Brain Cogn 2019; 132:80-88. [PMID: 30933707 PMCID: PMC6626634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reinforcer pathology theory stipulates that individuals with both (a) high preference for smaller, immediate over larger, delayed rewards; and (b) high demand for unhealthy commodities are uniquely susceptible to poor health outcomes. Specifically, two behavioral economic tasks (delay discounting, assessing preference for smaller, immediate or larger, delayed rewards; and purchasing, assessing purchases of commodities over changes in price) have been independently associated with conditions such as overweight/obesity and problem substance use. In the present study, we examined possible shared neural regions involved in the processes of delay discounting and demand for snack foods in a prediabetic sample. Fifty-four participants completed both of these tasks. Conjunction between delay discounting and purchasing task results indicates substantial common neural substrates recruited during these two tasks, consistent with interpretations of executive control, interoception, and attention, in the prefrontal cortex, insula, and frontoparietal cortex (superior/middle frontal cortex and superior/inferior parietal lobules), respectively. Collectively, these results suggest possible neural substrates in which the two behavioral risk factors of reinforcer pathology may interact during real-world decision-making in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra M Mellis
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Lisinski
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Stein
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Mikhail N Koffarnus
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Rocco Paluch
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen M LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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It's in the eye of the beholder: selective attention to drink properties during tasting influences brain activation in gustatory and reward regions. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:425-436. [PMID: 28321607 PMCID: PMC5880857 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Statements regarding pleasantness, taste intensity or caloric content on a food label may influence the attention consumers pay to such characteristics during consumption. There is little research on the effects of selective attention on taste perception and associated brain activation in regular drinks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selective attention on hedonics, intensity and caloric content on brain responses during tasting drinks. Using functional MRI brain responses of 27 women were measured while they paid attention to the intensity, pleasantness or caloric content of fruit juice, tomato juice and water. Brain activation during tasting largely overlapped between the three selective attention conditions and was found in the rolandic operculum, insula and overlying frontal operculum, striatum, amygdala, thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex and middle orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Brain activation was higher during selective attention to taste intensity compared to calories in the right middle OFC and during selective attention to pleasantness compared to intensity in the right putamen, right ACC and bilateral middle insula. Intensity ratings correlated with brain activation during selective attention to taste intensity in the anterior insula and lateral OFC. Our data suggest that not only the anterior insula but also the middle and lateral OFC are involved in evaluating taste intensity. Furthermore, selective attention to pleasantness engaged regions associated with food reward. Overall, our results indicate that selective attention to food properties can alter the activation of gustatory and reward regions. This may underlie effects of food labels on the consumption experience of consumers.
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Masterson TD, Kirwan CB, Davidson LE, Larson MJ, Keller KL, Fearnbach SN, Evans A, LeCheminant JD. Brain reactivity to visual food stimuli after moderate-intensity exercise in children. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1032-1041. [PMID: 28929362 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise may play a role in moderating eating behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an acute bout of exercise on neural responses to visual food stimuli in children ages 8-11 years. We hypothesized that acute exercise would result in reduced activity in reward areas of the brain. Using a randomized cross-over design, 26 healthy weight children completed two separate laboratory conditions (exercise; sedentary). During the exercise condition, each participant completed a 30-min bout of exercise at moderate-intensity (~ 67% HR maximum) on a motor-driven treadmill. During the sedentary session, participants sat continuously for 30 min. Neural responses to high- and low-calorie pictures of food were determined immediately following each condition using functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was a significant exercise condition*stimulus-type (high- vs. low-calorie pictures) interaction in the left hippocampus and right medial temporal lobe (p < 0.05). Main effects of exercise condition were observed in the left posterior central gyrus (reduced activation after exercise) (p < 0.05) and the right anterior insula (greater activation after exercise) (p < 0.05). The left hippocampus, right medial temporal lobe, left posterior central gyrus, and right anterior insula appear to be activated by visual food stimuli differently following an acute bout of exercise compared to a non-exercise sedentary session in 8-11 year-old children. Specifically, an acute bout of exercise results in greater activation to high-calorie and reduced activation to low-calorie pictures of food in both the left hippocampus and right medial temporal lobe. This study shows that response to external food cues can be altered by exercise and understanding this mechanism will inform the development of future interventions aimed at altering energy intake in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Masterson
- Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - C Brock Kirwan
- Psychology, Neuroscience, and MRI Research Facility, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Lance E Davidson
- Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael J Larson
- Psychology, Neuroscience, and MRI Research Facility, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - S Nicole Fearnbach
- Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alyssa Evans
- Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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Borgan F, O’Daly O, Hoang K, Veronese M, Withers D, Batterham R, Howes O. Neural Responsivity to Food Cues in Patients With Unmedicated First-Episode Psychosis. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e186893. [PMID: 30646204 PMCID: PMC6420094 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Schizophrenia is associated with a reduced life expectancy of 15 to 20 years owing to a high prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders. Obesity, a key risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic alterations, is more prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia. Although obesity is linked to the altered reward processing of food cues, no studies have investigated this link in schizophrenia without the confounds of antipsychotics and illness chronicity. OBJECTIVE To investigate neural responsivity to food cues in first-episode psychosis without the confounds of antipsychotic medication or illness chronicity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A case-control study was conducted from January 31, 2015, to September 30, 2018, in London, United Kingdom, of 29 patients with first-episode psychosis who were not taking antipsychotic medication and 28 matched controls. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants completed a food cue paradigm while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Neural activation was indexed using the blood oxygen level-dependent hemodynamic response. The Dietary Instrument for Nutrition Education was used to measure diet, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure exercise. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, or body mass index between the 29 patients (25 men and 4 women; mean [SD] age, 26.1 [4.8] years) and 28 controls (22 men and 6 women; mean [SD] age, 26.4 [5.5] years). Relative to controls, patients consumed more saturated fat (t46 = -3.046; P = .004) and undertook less high-intensity (U = 304.0; P = .01) and low-intensity (U = 299.5; P = .005) weekly exercise. There were no group differences in neural responses to food vs nonfood cues in whole-brain or region-of-interest analyses of the nucleus accumbens, insula, or hypothalamus. Body mass index was inversely correlated with the mean blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the nucleus accumbens in response to food vs nonfood cues in controls (R = -0.499; P = .01) but not patients (R = 0.082; P = .70). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Relative to controls, patients with first-episode psychosis who were not taking antipsychotic medication consumed more saturated fat and showed an altered association between body mass index and neural response to food cues in the absence of differences in neural responses to food cues. These findings highlight how maladaptive eating patterns and alterations in the association between body mass index and neural responses to food cues are established early in the course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Borgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen O’Daly
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Hoang
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Withers
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Hospitals Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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He Q, Huang X, Zhang S, Turel O, Ma L, Bechara A. Dynamic Causal Modeling of Insular, Striatal, and Prefrontal Cortex Activities During a Food-Specific Go/NoGo Task. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:1080-1089. [PMID: 30691967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the dynamic interactions among three neural systems that are implicated in substance and behavioral addictions in response to food cues in young adults. These include an impulsive system involving the striatum, a reflective system involving the prefrontal cortex, and a homeostasis sensing system involving the insular cortex. METHODS College students (N = 45) with various levels of body mass index were recruited. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while participants performed food-related Go/NoGo tasks, with low-calorie and high-calorie food cues. Participants were scanned under both food satiety and deprivation conditions. Dynamic causal modeling was applied to the data to examine the causal architecture of coupled or distributed dynamics among the aforementioned systems. RESULTS Participants showed difficulty inhibiting responses to high-calorie foods as suggested by higher false alarm rate and decision bias for low-calorie food Go task. This difficulty was enhanced during the food deprivation condition. Deprivation increased neural activity of both the insula and the striatum bilaterally in response to high-calorie foods during Go trials and anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during NoGo trials. Dynamic causal modeling analysis revealed that food deprivation modulated the communications between the insula, striatum, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the modulations were positively associated with body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The results support tripartite views of decision making. Deprivation states, such as hunger, trigger insular activity, which modulates the balance between impulsive and reflective systems when facing tempting food cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beibei, Chongqing; Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beibei, Chongqing; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beibei, Chongqing.
| | - Xiaolu Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beibei, Chongqing
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, California; Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liangsuo Ma
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Hardikar S, Wallroth R, Villringer A, Ohla K. Shorter-lived neural taste representations in obese compared to lean individuals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11027. [PMID: 30038315 PMCID: PMC6056521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous attempts to uncover a relation between taste processing and weight status have yielded inconclusive results leaving it unclear whether lean and obese individuals process taste differently, and whether group differences reflect differential sensory encoding or evaluative and reward processing. Here, we present the first comparison of dynamic neural processing as assessed by gustatory evoked potentials in obese and lean individuals. Two supra-threshold concentrations of sweet and salty tastants as well as two sizes of blue and green squares were presented to 30 lean (BMI 18.5-25) and 25 obese (BMI > 30) individuals while recording head-surface electroencephalogram (EEG). Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) revealed differential taste quality representations from 130 ms until after stimulus offset. Notably, taste representations faded earlier and exhibited a reduced strength in the obese compared to the lean group; temporal generalization analysis indicated otherwise similar taste processing. Differences in later gustatory response patterns even allowed decoding of group membership. Importantly, group differences were absent for visual processing thereby excluding confounding effects from anatomy or signal-to-noise ratio alone. The latency of observed effects is consistent with memory maintenance rather than sensory encoding of taste, thereby suggesting that later evaluative aspects of taste processing are altered in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyogita Hardikar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Raphael Wallroth
- Psychophysiology of Food Perception, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ohla
- Psychophysiology of Food Perception, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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Wegman J, van Loon I, Smeets PA, Cools R, Aarts E. Top-down expectation effects of food labels on motivation. Neuroimage 2018; 173:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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F Rodgers R, Sonneville K. Research for leveraging food policy in universal eating disorder prevention. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:503-506. [PMID: 29734466 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Policy and legislation have emerged as important levers for universal prevention efforts in the context of eating disorders. However, to date, little attention has been paid to generating research that will inform opportunities to regulate the food environment, specifically the way that food is produced and marketed. The present paper aims to lay out a framework for research that will examine (1) the ways in which food industry may influence risk for eating disorders and (2) the impact of legislative efforts on eating disorder cognitions and behaviors. For these two pathways, specific examples of research that would serve to inform policy efforts aiming to decrease the risk for eating disorders by targeting the food environment are proposed. Overall, the present paper aims to issue a call for the eating disorder field to become involved in food policy and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kendrin Sonneville
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Freitas A, Albuquerque G, Silva C, Oliveira A. Appetite-Related Eating Behaviours: An Overview of Assessment Methods, Determinants and Effects on Children’s Weight. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018; 73:19-29. [DOI: 10.1159/000489824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the underlying child-eating behaviours that contribute to weight differences across growth has been a constant challenge. This report reviews the various literature approaches for assessing appetite regulation. In doing so, it attempts to understand how appetite control develops and determines the eating habits in early childhood, and its effects on children’s weight status. The interaction between homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms largely explains the appetite regulation process. Homeostatic mechanisms are mediated by the biological need to maintain the body’s energy reserves, increasing the motivation to eat. On the contrary, the hedonic mechanisms are mediated by food reward, increasing the craving for high-palatable foods and triggering the release of dopamine and serotonin. There are many biological methods (plasma measurements of hormones, like leptin, ghrelin and insulin) and behavioural evaluation methods of appetite. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire is most commonly used, due to its adequate psychometric properties tested in several population settings. The development of eating behaviours begins in utero, and several determinants may contribute to a decrease in the ability to self-regulate dietary intake. Examples include genetic predisposition, the first taste experiences and the family environment, a key determinant in this process. Several eating behaviours contribute most to childhood obesity. Among them, are the external eating (eating by external stimuli, such as the mere presence of the food or its smell), food restriction (which may potentiate the uninhibited increased intake of the restricted foods) and emotional eating (intake due to emotional variations, especially negative feelings). These eating behaviours have been linked to childhood obesity.
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Yeung AWK. Bibliometric Study on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Literature (1995–2017) Concerning Chemosensory Perception. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-018-9243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chen R, Li DP, Turel O, Sørensen TA, Bechara A, Li Y, He Q. Decision Making Deficits in Relation to Food Cues Influence Obesity: A Triadic Neural Model of Problematic Eating. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 29962976 PMCID: PMC6010920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article we propose a model of the brain systems, the deficiency of which may underlie problematic eating. This integrative model is based on studies that have focused on discrete brain components involved in problematic eating, combined with insights from studies on the neurocognitive basis of other addictive and problematic behaviors. The model includes: (a) a hyper-functioning reward anticipation and processing system (amygdala-striatum dependent) in response to food-related cues; (b) a hypo-functioning reflective and inhibitory control system (prefrontal cortex dependent), that fails to anticipate and properly weigh future outcomes; and (c) an altered interoceptive awareness system (insular cortex dependent) that translates homeostatic violation signals into a strong consumption desire that hijacks the inhibitory system and excites the reward system. We posit that when the abovementioned systems are imbalanced in such a way that the dopamine axis is hyperactive in relation to food cues and the inhibitory system is weak, and this is further aggravated by an altered interoceptive awareness system, people may experience loss of control or inability to resist tempting/rewarding foods. This loss of control over food consumption can explain, at least in part, the development of excess weight and contribute to the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danni P Li
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ofir Turel
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas A Sørensen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Communication and Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China
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42
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Codella R, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. Sugars, exercise and health. J Affect Disord 2017; 224:76-86. [PMID: 27817910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a direct link between a variety of addictions and mood states to which exercise could be relieving. Sugar addiction has been recently counted as another binge/compulsive/addictive eating behavior, differently induced, leading to a high-significant health problem. Regularly exercising at moderate intensity has been shown to efficiently and positively impact upon physiological imbalances caused by several morbid conditions, including affective disorders. Even in a wider set of physchiatric diseases, physical exercise has been prescribed as a complementary therapeutic strategy. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was carried out in the Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases (search terms: sugar addiction, food craving, exercise therapy, training, physical fitness, physical activity, rehabilitation and aerobic). RESULTS Seeking high-sugar diets, also in a reward- or craving-addiction fashion, can generate drastic metabolic derangements, often interpolated with affective disorders, for which exercise may represent a valuable, universal, non-pharmachological barrier. LIMITATIONS More research in humans is needed to confirm potential exercise-mechanisms that may break the bond between sugar over-consumption and affective disorders. CONCLUSIONS The purpose of this review is to address the importance of physical exercise in reversing the gloomy scenario of unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles in our modern society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
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Eckstrand KL, Mummareddy N, Kang H, Cowan R, Zhou M, Zald D, Silver HJ, Niswender KD, Avison MJ. An insulin resistance associated neural correlate of impulsivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189113. [PMID: 29228027 PMCID: PMC5724830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central insulin resistance (IR) influences striatal dopamine (DA) tone, an important determinant of behavioral self-regulation. We hypothesized that an association exists between the degree of peripheral IR and impulse control, mediated by the impact of IR on brain circuits controlling the speed of executing “go” and/or “stop” responses. We measured brain activation and associated performance on a stop signal task (SST) in obese adults with type 2 diabetes (age, 48.1 ± 6.9 yrs (mean ± SD); BMI, 36.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2; HOMA-IR, 7.2 ± 4.1; 12 male, 18 female). Increasing IR, but not BMI, was a predictor of shorter critical stop signal delay (cSSD), a measure of the time window during which a go response can be successfully countermanded (R2 = 0.12). This decline was explained by an IR-associated increase in go speed (R2 = 0.13) with little impact of IR or BMI on stop speed. Greater striatal fMRI activation contrast in stop error (SE) compared with stop success (SS) trials (CONSE>SS) was a significant predictor of faster go speeds (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.002), and was itself predicted by greater IR (CONSE>SS vs HOMA-IR: R2 = 0.10, p = 0.04). Furthermore, this impact of IR on striatal activation was a significant mediator of the faster go speeds and greater impulsivity observed with greater IR. These findings suggest a neural mechanism by which IR may increase impulsivity and degrade behavioral self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Eckstrand
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nishit Mummareddy
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ronald Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Minchun Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - David Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Malcolm J. Avison
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gardiner CK, YorkWilliams SL, Bryan AD, Hutchison KE. Body mass is positively associated with neural response to sweet taste, but not alcohol, among drinkers. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:131-134. [PMID: 28549645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a large and growing public health concern, presenting enormous economic and health costs to individuals and society. A burgeoning literature demonstrates that overweight and obese individuals display different neural processing of rewarding stimuli, including caloric substances, as compared to healthy weight individuals. However, much extant research on the neurobiology of obesity has focused on addiction models, without highlighting potentially separable neural underpinnings of caloric intake versus substance use. The present research explores these differences by examining neural response to alcoholic beverages and a sweet non-alcoholic beverage, among a sample of individuals with varying weight status and patterns of alcohol use and misuse. Participants received tastes of a sweet beverage (litchi juice) and alcoholic beverages during fMRI scanning. When controlling for alcohol use, elevated weight status was associated with increased activation in response to sweet taste in regions including the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, precuneus, and fusiform gyrus. However, weight status was not associated with neural response to alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K Gardiner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Sophie L YorkWilliams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Nakamura R, Nakano K, Tamura H, Mizunuma M, Fushiki T, Hirata D. Evaluation of the comprehensive palatability of Japanese sake paired with dishes by multiple regression analysis based on subdomains. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28635370 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1336924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many factors contribute to palatability. In order to evaluate the palatability of Japanese alcohol sake paired with certain dishes by integrating multiple factors, here we applied an evaluation method previously reported for palatability of cheese by multiple regression analysis based on 3 subdomain factors (rewarding, cultural, and informational). We asked 94 Japanese participants/subjects to evaluate the palatability of sake (1st evaluation/E1 for the first cup, 2nd/E2 and 3rd/E3 for the palatability with aftertaste/afterglow of certain dishes) and to respond to a questionnaire related to 3 subdomains. In E1, 3 factors were extracted by a factor analysis, and the subsequent multiple regression analyses indicated that the palatability of sake was interpreted by mainly the rewarding. Further, the results of attribution-dissections in E1 indicated that 2 factors (rewarding and informational) contributed to the palatability. Finally, our results indicated that the palatability of sake was influenced by the dish eaten just before drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamura
- a Research and Development Department , Asahi Sake Brewing Co. Ltd. , Nagaoka , Japan.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan.,c Faculty of Agriculture , Ryukoku University , Otsu , Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakano
- c Faculty of Agriculture , Ryukoku University , Otsu , Japan.,d Department of Life Environment , Koshien Junior College , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tamura
- a Research and Development Department , Asahi Sake Brewing Co. Ltd. , Nagaoka , Japan
| | - Masaki Mizunuma
- b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- c Faculty of Agriculture , Ryukoku University , Otsu , Japan
| | - Dai Hirata
- a Research and Development Department , Asahi Sake Brewing Co. Ltd. , Nagaoka , Japan.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
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46
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Kognitiv-affektive Neuropsychologie der Binge-Eating-Störung. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-017-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Nakamura Y, Ikuta T. Caudate-Precuneus Functional Connectivity Is Associated with Obesity Preventive Eating Tendency. Brain Connect 2017; 7:211-217. [PMID: 28260392 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists diversity among individuals in difficulty controlling body weight. Body weight control, or obesity prevention, requires cognitive control over ingestive behavior, which may account for the diverse ability of body weight control. The caudate nuclei, especially the dorsal area, have been shown to play critical roles in ingestive behaviors, which significantly influences body weight control. However, the practice of body weight control is dependent on the body weight status, because the current obesity status determines the need for body weight control. To elucidate the underlying neural mechanism that accounts for individual differences in obesity prevention, we aimed to isolate functional caudate connectivity responsible for the underlying tendency of obesity prevention, independent of the current obesity status, using resting state fMRI data, body mass index (BMI), and assessment of ingestive behavior from 185 individuals from the NKI-Rockland sample. The underlying tendency of obesity prevention was estimated from BMI and behavioral and cognitive components of food intake. Functional connectivities between the caudate head and the whole brain were tested as a function of the estimated tendency in a voxel-wise manner. The bilateral precuneus showed inverse association between its connectivity to the caudate and the estimated tendency. Caudate-precuneus connectivity may have significant implications to understanding personal differences that accounts for the success in body weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- 1 Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- 2 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi
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Fehse K, Simmank F, Gutyrchik E, Sztrókay-Gaul A. Organic or popular brands—food perception engages distinct functional pathways. An fMRI study. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2017.1284392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fehse
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Goethestr 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Human Science Center, LMU Munich, Goethestr 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Simmank
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Goethestr 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Leadership Excellence Institute Zeppelin, Zeppelin University, Am Seemoser Horn 20, 88045 Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Evgeny Gutyrchik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Goethestr 31, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anikó Sztrókay-Gaul
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Volitional regulation of brain responses to food stimuli in overweight and obese subjects: A real-time fMRI feedback study. Appetite 2017; 112:188-195. [PMID: 28131758 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obese subjects who achieve weight loss show increased functional connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), key areas of executive control and reward processing. We investigated the potential of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback training to achieve healthier food choices by enhancing self-control of the interplay between these brain areas. We trained eight male individuals with overweight or obesity (age: 31.8 ± 4.4 years, BMI: 29.4 ± 1.4 kg/m2) to up-regulate functional connectivity between the dlPFC and the vmPFC by means of a four-day rt-fMRI neurofeedback protocol including, on each day, three training runs comprised of six up-regulation and six passive viewing trials. During the up-regulation runs of the four training days, participants successfully learned to increase functional connectivity between dlPFC and vmPFC. In addition, a trend towards less high-calorie food choices emerged from before to after training, which however was associated with a trend towards increased covertly assessed snack intake. Findings of this proof-of-concept study indicate that overweight and obese participants can increase functional connectivity between brain areas that orchestrate the top-down control of appetite for high-calorie foods. Neurofeedback training might therefore be a useful tool in achieving and maintaining weight loss.
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50
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Wolfe K, Jo W, Olds D, Asperin A, DeSanto J, Liu WC. An fMRI Study of the Effects of Food Familiarity and Labeling on Brain Activation. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2016.1138917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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