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Van Dyke N, Murphy M, Drinkwater EJ. "We know what we should be eating, but we don't always do that." How and why people eat the way they do: a qualitative study with rural australians. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1240. [PMID: 38711054 PMCID: PMC11071252 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that most people are aware of the importance of healthy eating and have a broad understanding regarding types of food that enhance or detract from health. However, greater health literacy does not always result in healthier eating. Andreasen's Social Marketing Model and Community-Based Social Marketing both posit that, in order to change health behaviours, it is crucial to understand reasons for current behaviours and perceived barriers and benefits to improved behaviours. Limited research has been conducted, however, that explores these issues with general populations. This study aimed to help address this gap in the evidence using a qualitative methodology. METHODS Three group discussions were conducted with a total of 23 participants: (1) young women aged 18-24 with no children; (2) women aged 35-45 with primary school aged children; and (3) men aged 35-50 living with a partner and with pre- or primary school aged children. The discussions took place in a regional centre of Victoria, Australia. Transcriptions were thematically analysed using an inductive descriptive approach and with reference to a recent integrated framework of food choice that identified five key interrelated determinants: food- internal factors; food- external factors; personal-state factors; cognitive factors; and sociocultural factors. RESULTS We found that food choice was complex, with all five determinants evident from the discussions. However, the "Social environment" sub-category of "Food-external factors", which included family, work, and social structures, and expectations (or perceived expectations) of family members, colleagues, friends, and others, was particularly prominent. Knowledge that one should practice healthy eating, which falls under the "Cognitive factor" category, while seen as an aspiration by most participants, was often viewed as unrealistic, trumped by the need and/or desire for convenience, a combination of Food-external factor: Social environment and Personal-state factor: Psychological components. CONCLUSIONS We found that decisions regarding what, when, and how much to eat are seen as heavily influenced by factors outside the control of the individual. It appears, therefore, that a key to improving people's eating behaviours is to make it easy to eat more healthfully, or at least not much harder than eating poorly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Dyke
- Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, 300 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Eric J Drinkwater
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Siddiqui SA, Bhowmik S, Afreen M, Ucak İ, Ikram A, Gerini F, Mehdizadeh M, Ayivi RD, Castro-Muñoz R. Bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers' behavior towards rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb meat: A comparative review. Nutrition 2024; 119:112305. [PMID: 38199031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In bodybuilders' diets, protein plays a crucial role in supporting muscle growth and repairing damaged muscle tissue. These individuals meet their protein needs by combining dietary sources with supplements. Animal-based proteins are often preferred over plant-based proteins because they are believed to better support muscle protein synthesis. This review explores the meat consumption patterns of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, focusing on rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb. We describe and compare the types of meat bodybuilders commonly consume and provide an overview of protein supplements, including meat-based options, plant-based alternatives, and whey-based products. Our aim is to gain insight into the dietary preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, considering their nutritional requirements and the potential effect on the meat industry. We conducted an extensive search across various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We found that individual choices vary based on factors such as attitudes, trust, taste, texture, nutritional content, ethical considerations, and cultural influences. Nutritional factors, including protein content, amino acid profiles, and fat levels, significantly influence the preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers. However, it is crucial to maintain a balance by incorporating other essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals to ensure a complete and balanced diet. The findings from this review can inform strategies and product development initiatives tailored to the needs of bodybuilders and discerning meat enthusiasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Shuva Bhowmik
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Maliha Afreen
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Production and Technologies Department, Niğde, Turkey
| | - İlknur Ucak
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Production and Technologies Department, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ali Ikram
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Francesca Gerini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mehdizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Raphael D Ayivi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 80 - 233, Gdansk, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Poland.
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Peeters A, Ouvrein G, Dhoest A, De Backer C. "Go eat some grass": gender differences in the Twitter discussion about meat, vegetarianism and veganism. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37655777 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2023.2253982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Legacy media contribute to gendered depictions of culinary themes by associating meat with masculinity, influencing social realities. The current research examines whether similar gendered representations can be found on social media, reinforcing gendered patterns in food consumption. Using content analysis, we examine how men and women tweet about the (non-)consumption of meat. Results confirm gender stereotypes: men tweet more about meat and are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward vegetarianism and veganism. These expressions may reinforce gendered meat consumption patterns, where men continue to choose meat over more healthy and sustainable options.
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Aldhahi MI, Al Khalil WK, Almutiri RB, Alyousefi MM, Alharkan BS, AnNasban H. Effect of Weight Self-Stigma and Self-Esteem on Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Adult Women with Different Body Compositions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020873. [PMID: 35055699 PMCID: PMC8776112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Overweight individuals face weight-related stigmatization, driving self-exclusion from exercise and physical activity. The extent to which weight self-stigma and self-esteem are associated with aerobic capacity remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the cardiopulmonary fitness, weight self-stigma, and self-esteem of overweight women and examine whether weight self-stigma and self-esteem predict cardiopulmonary aerobic capacity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 66 women stratified into two groups: a normal weight (NW) group and an overweight (OW) group. The mean body mass indexes and ages of the NW and OW groups were 20.4 ± 0.36 kg/m2 and 29.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2, and 24 ± 7 years and 21 ± 3 years, respectively. Submaximal exercise testing using the modified Bruce treadmill protocol was conducted to measure the predicted oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and energy expenditure. The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. Results: Significantly lower mean of predicted VO2 peak and higher mean of energy expenditure were reported in the OW group compared with the NW group (25.8 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min vs. 28.7 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.001 and 9.7 ± 1.9 kcal/min vs. 7.5 ± 1.8 kcal, p = 0.03, respectively). There was a significant difference in weight self-stigma and self-esteem between the groups. Regression model analysis indicated that weight self-stigma and self-esteem explained 45% of the variance in the predicted VO2 peak. Conclusion: Strategies enhancing self-esteem and avoiding stigmatization should be embraced to promote fitness and engagement in physical activity among OW women.
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Santos D, Monteiro MJ, Voss HP, Komora N, Teixeira P, Pintado M. The most important attributes of beef sensory quality and production variables that can affect it: A review. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Bédard A, Lamarche PO, Grégoire LM, Trudel-Guy C, Provencher V, Desroches S, Lemieux S. Can eating pleasure be a lever for healthy eating? A systematic scoping review of eating pleasure and its links with dietary behaviors and health. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244292. [PMID: 33347469 PMCID: PMC7751982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this review were to map and summarize data currently available about 1) key dimensions of eating pleasure; 2) associations of eating pleasure, and its key dimensions, with dietary and health outcomes and 3) the most promising intervention strategies using eating pleasure to promote healthy eating. Using the scoping review methodology, a comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature (Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, ERIC, Web of Science, CINAHL, ABI/Inform global and Sociology Abstract) and of the grey literature (ProQuest Dissertations & Theses and Google) was carried out by two independent reviewers. We included 119 of the 28,908 studies found. In total, 89 sub-dimensions of eating pleasure were grouped into 22 key dimensions. The most frequently found related to sensory experiences (in 50.9% of the documents), social experiences (42.7%), food characteristics besides sensory attributes (27.3%), food preparation process (19.1%), novelty (16.4%), variety (14.5%), mindful eating (13.6%), visceral eating (12.7%), place where food is consumed (11.8%) and memories associated with eating (10.9%). Forty-five studies, mostly cross-sectional (62.2%), have documented links between eating pleasure and dietary and/or health outcomes. Most studies (57.1%) reported favorable associations between eating pleasure and dietary outcomes. For health outcomes, results were less consistent. The links between eating pleasure and both dietary and health outcomes varied according to the dimensions of eating pleasure studied. Finally, results from 11 independent interventions suggested that strategies focusing on sensory experiences, cooking and/or sharing activities, mindful eating, and positive memories related to healthy food may be most promising. Thus, eating pleasure may be an ally in the promotion of healthy eating. However, systematically developed, evidence-based interventions are needed to better understand how eating pleasure may be a lever for healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bédard
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lucie-Maude Grégoire
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Trudel-Guy
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Desroches
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Rodrigues H, Goméz-Corona C, Valentin D. Femininities & masculinities: sex, gender, and stereotypes in food studies. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Seymour-Smith S, Gough B, Matthews CR, Rutherford Z. Food assessment: a discursive analysis of diet talk in interviews with older men who are obese. Psychol Health 2020; 35:946-967. [PMID: 32148091 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1701673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Obesity rates are increasing faster in men than in women, with particular concerns raised regarding older men. However, men are less likely than women to engage in weight-loss activities such as dieting, typically constructed as a feminine practice. Previous research has argued that men's food consumption is notably different and unhealthier than women's. The novel contribution of this article is an analysis of food assessments in order to explore how older men (mostly) undergoing weight management programmes make sense of changes in their nutritional intake. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 men who were obese, 27 of whom were engaged in weight loss programmes. Discursive psychology was employed to analyse the data. Results: In contrast to other research, participants constructed nutritional advice as enlightening. Participants worked up 'ownership' and pleasure assessments to certain food choices which they contrasted with new, less calorific, eating practices. Moreover, new diets were constructed as acceptable. Conclusion: Our study contributes new insights about how nutritional advice impacts upon preconceived (mis)understandings of healthy eating practices. During the interviews, men positioned themselves as educators - health promoters might usefully develop nutritional advice in collaboration with men who have successfully changed their diets for optimum effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Seymour-Smith
- Psychology Division, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Brendan Gough
- Calverly Building, School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Christopher R Matthews
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zoe Rutherford
- Centre for Active Lifestyles, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Harcourt KA, Appleton J, Clegg ME, Hunter L. The Influence of Social Relationships on Men's Weight. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:106-113. [PMID: 31611050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how men's social relationships influence their dietary, physical activity, and weight loss intentions and behaviors. DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. SETTING One county in the southwest of England. PARTICIPANTS Men (n = 19) aged 18-60 years with a body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 who were otherwise healthy. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Men's perceptions of dieting, physical activity and weight loss, and how social relationships influence these behaviors. ANALYSIS Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded line by line using NVivo software. Themes and subthemes were inductively generated using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were derived: (1) how experiences shape beliefs, (2) being a proper bloke, (3) adapting to family life, and (4) support from outside the home. Men discussed how partners were a greater influence on diet than physical activity. Attitudes toward diet and physical activity were influenced by life events such as becoming a father. It was framed as acceptable for men to talk to their friends about exercise and food intake in general, but they emphasized that this was not for "support." CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Family members were key influences on men's behaviors. Future qualitative research could include interviews with men's families. Findings may inform family weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Appleton
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England
| | - Miriam E Clegg
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise Hunter
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England
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Carroll JA, Capel EM, Gallegos D. Meat, Masculinity, and Health for the "Typical Aussie Bloke": A Social Constructivist Analysis of Class, Gender, and Consumption. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319885561. [PMID: 31694460 PMCID: PMC6998030 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319885561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choice is complex and influenced by a range of social, environmental, structural, and individual factors. Poor diet is one of the major contributors to the burden of disease, in particular for men who habitually have lower intakes of fruits and vegetables and higher intakes of meat. Food choice has been linked to the expression of masculine identities. This research used a Bourdieusian framework to explore the influential drivers of young Australian men's eating habits based on occupational groupings. Twenty men aged 19-30 years participated in in-depth semistructured interviews. Analysis used a grounded theory, social constructivist approach and identified five themes: performative masculinities and meat; meat cuts across social class; the influence of masculine autonomy on dietary choice; women protecting Australian men's health; and the role of environmental and structural barriers. These results indicated that habitus remains a useful conceptual framework to explain the results, and cultural capital is reinforced as a phenomenon. Occupation and gender appear to no longer be primary drivers of food choice in this group of men. Rather there is a shift toward an understanding of multiple masculinities and the development of microcultures with interactions between structure and agency. Meat still features in the food world of Australian men, but there are shifts to deprioritize its importance. There needs to be a more nuanced understanding of the importance of autonomy and control as well as the role of women in relation to men's dietary intakes and how this can be harnessed for positive dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne Carroll
- School of Public Health and Social Work,
Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical
Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Eleanor M. Capel
- School of Exercise and Nutrition
Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Allied Health & Ambulatory Services,
Northeast Health Wangaratta, Green St., Wangaratta, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Gallegos
- School of Exercise and Nutrition
Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Children’s Health Research,
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology,
Graham St., South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Fernández M, Pereira A, Corvalán C, Mericq V. Precocious pubertal events in Chilean children: ethnic disparities. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:385-395. [PMID: 30047066 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Puberty onset exhibits remarkable inter-individual and ethnic differences. 5% of Chileans are indigenous but puberty ethnic disparities have not been studied. We aim for evaluating precocious puberty prevalence in children with Mapuche ancestry vs non-indigenous Chilean children (according to their surnames). METHODS Longitudinal cohort study: 1003 children (50.2% girls) participating in the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS) were studied. Annual anthropometry was measured since 4-7 years. Subsequently, Tanner staging and anthropometry were measured every 6 months. In girls, Tanner stage was assessed by breast palpation and in boys by testicular volume measurements. The cohort was stratified in three groups depending on Mapuche surname numbers as follows: (A) no indigenous surnames (n = 811), (B) one to two indigenous surnames (n = 147), and (C) three or more indigenous surnames (n = 45). We evaluated the prevalence of precocious thelarche, pubarche, menarche and gonadarche (testicular volume ≥ 4 ml-G2), using a cutoff age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys while controlling for socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference, IGF-1 and DHEAS at 7 years. RESULTS In girls, no significant differences were observed. On the contrary, in boys, precocious gonadarche prevalence was higher in group C (29.2%) vs group A (6.0%) and vs group B (10.5%) (p =0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Increased precocious gonadarche and pubarche risks in group C were observed even after adjustment [OR 7.31; 95% IC (2.32-23.51); p = 0.001] and [OR 6.17, 95% CI (1.62-23.49); p = 0.008], respectively. CONCLUSION Indigenous origin in Chile is an independent risk factor for precocious gonadarche and pubarche in boys but not in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 1234, 2a Piso, PO Box 226-3, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 1234, 2a Piso, PO Box 226-3, Santiago, Chile.
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Amiot CE, El Hajj Boutros G, Sukhanova K, Karelis AD. Testing a novel multicomponent intervention to reduce meat consumption in young men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204590. [PMID: 30307958 PMCID: PMC6181294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials have shown that meat-eating can be harmful to human health. Meat-eating is also considered to be a moral issue, impacting negatively on the environment and the welfare of animals. To date, very little scientific research has aimed to reduce this dietary behavior. Therefore, the current research tests the effectiveness of a 4-week multicomponent intervention designed to reduce meat-eating. Using a randomised controlled trial procedure, thirty-two young men (mean age: 23.5 ± 3.1 years old) were randomly assigned into two equal groups, the intervention vs control group. Based on research in social and health psychology, the intervention was composed of five components expected to reduce meat consumption: a social norm component; an informational/educational component; an appeal to fear; a mind attribution induction; and a goal setting/self-monitoring component. Measures of different types of meat intake (using dietary journals) were taken at baseline (Time 1) as well as 2 (Time 2) and 4 weeks later (Time 3). Emotions and attitudes toward meat-eating and animals were also assessed at Time 3. Significant reductions in total and weekend red meat consumption as well as cold cuts consumed on the weekend were observed in the intervention condition from Time 1 to Time 3. Moreover, reduced positive emotions toward eating meat mediated the reduction in red meat consumption. The component of the intervention that participants most often perceived as having led to a reduction in their meat consumption was the informational component. In conclusion, results provide support for the effectiveness of the multicomponent intervention and for the mediating role of positive emotions when predicting behavioral changes in meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Amiot
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Guy El Hajj Boutros
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ksenia Sukhanova
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antony D. Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mothers' experiences of masculinity in the context of child obesity in Mexico. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McCarthy S, Henchion M, White A, Brandon K, Allen P. Evaluation of beef eating quality by Irish consumers. Meat Sci 2017; 132:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thompson J, Tod A, Bissell P, Bond M. Understanding food vulnerability and health literacy in older bereaved men: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2017; 20:1342-1349. [PMID: 28544135 PMCID: PMC5689239 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older people are sometimes challenged in maintaining a healthy diet but, because of age and disadvantage, are also more vulnerable to the adverse health consequences of poor nutrition. It has been claimed that older adults have low levels of health literacy regarding food and struggle to discern which foods are healthy from the vast range available in developed counties. However, nutrition and eating behaviour are modifiable risk factors for health in old age and health benefits can accrue from promoting healthy eating later in life. In order to achieve these health benefits, it is necessary to understand more about the capabilities and vulnerabilities of older people in terms of acquiring and maintaining a healthy diet. Objective To understand the potential for issues around food vulnerability to arise in that group and to characterize that vulnerability, if present. Design Narrative interviews were conducted to collect the data. An interpretative thematic approach to analysis was utilized. Participants Twenty older, bereaved men from two communities in the North of England. Findings Five overarching themes were identified: financial security, social networks, cooking skills, food and routine and single servings. Discussion Our findings suggest that some older men experience cumulative benefit from resources at their disposal, which contributes towards their capabilities to avoid food vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Angela Tod
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Bissell
- Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddesfield, Harold Wilson Building (HW2) Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Michael Bond
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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[Why do men eat how they eat? : Considerations from a nutritional- and gender-sociological perspective]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:950-6. [PMID: 27334501 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are nutritional differences between the sexes: eating behavior in men is often rated as "unhealthy" compared with that in women. Nutrition in men and women is rather more of an expression of social gender roles and expectations than biologically determined. Meat and alcohol, for instance, are regarded as "powerful" foods and thus have masculine connotations. Fruit and vegetables, on the other hand, are considered "weak" and therefore feminine foods. This overlooks the fact that a "typically" female diet is often oriented toward attractiveness and is associated with restricted eating behavior. The so-called "healthier" nutrition of women is also accompanied by greater nutritional knowledge and competence. However, it needs to be questioned whether male family or household members are absolved from responsibility for their own health or whether they are happy to leave this to women because of the socially perceived feminine responsibility for all aspects of nutrition, sustenance and care-giving. The advanced knowledge and competence of women in questions of healthy eating and food preparation compared with men often act as an obstacle to men engaging and actively participating in nutritional issues.Emphasizing the observed gender differences is not expedient in terms of effective communication on nutrition and health and can run the risk of reproducing gender stereotypes and neglecting other more powerful social categories. Alternative strategies consist of focusing more on the "eating person" and following a gender-neutral communication and counseling strategy.
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Amiri P, Hamzavi Zarghani N, Nazeri P, Ghofranipour F, Karimi M, Amouzegar A, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Can an Educational Intervention Improve Iodine Nutrition Status in Pregnant Women? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Thyroid 2017; 27:418-425. [PMID: 27809707 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of their increased need for iodine, pregnant women are among the high-risk groups for iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 100 pregnant women were randomly selected from five healthcare centers in the southern region of Tehran, the capital of Iran. In the intervention group, pregnant women received a four-month educational program, which included two face-to-face educational sessions, using a researcher-designed educational pamphlet in the second and third trimesters, and two follow-up telephone calls. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and salt iodine content were assessed at baseline and four months after the intervention. RESULTS At baseline, there were significant associations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) between practice and UIC (r = 0.28, p = 0.01) and between UIC and iodine content of salt (r = 0.24, p = 0.009). Although a significant difference was found in mean KAP scores between the two groups after the educational intervention, scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with controls (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in UIC and iodine content of salt between the two groups at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Despite educational intervention increasing KAP among women regarding the importance of iodine and iodized salt consumption during pregnancy, their iodine status did not improve. Considering the main socio-environmental determinants of iodine deficiency, in particular, the monitoring of salt fortification, prescribing iodine containing supplements as well as improving health literacy in pregnant women seem essential strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amiri
- 1 Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hamzavi Zarghani
- 1 Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Nazeri
- 3 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlollah Ghofranipour
- 2 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- 1 Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- 5 Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- 3 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- 5 Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Henchion M, McCarthy M, O'Callaghan J. Transforming Beef By-products into Valuable Ingredients: Which Spell/Recipe to Use? Front Nutr 2016; 3:53. [PMID: 27965963 PMCID: PMC5127824 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Satisfying the increasing global demand for protein results in challenges from a supply perspective. Increased use of animal proteins, through greater use of meat by-products, could form part of the solution, subject to consumer acceptance. This research investigates consumer evaluations of food products that incorporate ingredients derived from offals that have been produced through a range of food processing technologies. Using focus groups incorporating product stimuli representing various combinations of offals, processing, and carrier products, the research finds that the physical state and perceived naturalness of the ingredients influences acceptance. It also highlights the impact of life experiences, linked to demographic characteristics, on interpretations and evaluations of products and processes. Ideational influences, i.e., knowledge of the nature or origin of the substance, are reasons for rejecting some concepts, with misalignment between nature of processing and the product resulting in rejection of others. Lack of perceived necessity also results in rejection. Alignment of ingredients with existing culinary practices and routines, communication of potential sensory, or other benefits as well as naturalness are factors likely to promote acceptance, and generate repeat purchase, in some consumer segments. Trust in oversight that the products are safe is a prerequisite for acceptance in all cases. These findings have implications for pathways to increase sustainability of beef production and consumption through increased use of beef by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Henchion
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre Ashtown , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mary McCarthy
- Department of Food Business and Development, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Jim O'Callaghan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Food Business and Development, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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The climatic impact of food consumption in a representative sample of Irish adults and implications for food and nutrition policy. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:726-738. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) associated with the diet of Irish adults.DesignGHGE were estimated by applying conversion factors to habitual food consumption data taken from the National Adult Nutrition Survey, which was representative of the population. Descriptive analyses were undertaken for GHGE for the total population, as well as accounting for energy misreporting and across categories of sociodemographic and socio-economic factors and tertiles of emissions.SettingRepublic of Ireland.SubjectsAdults aged 18–87 years (n1500).ResultsThe GHGE derived from daily dietary intakes was estimated as 6·5 kg of CO2equivalents (CO2eq) per person. Males, younger consumers, those with secondary education and student employment status were associated with significantly higher GHGE. Red meat was the highest contributor to GHGE with 1646 g CO2eq arising from a mean intake of 47 g/d. Dairy and starchy staples were the next largest dietary GHGE sources, with mean daily emissions of 732 g CO2eq and 647 g CO2eq, respectively. The lowest emissions were associated with consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes/pulses/nuts.ConclusionsBased on profiling using actual food consumption data, it is evident that one single measure is not sufficient and a range of evidence-based mitigation measures with potential to lower emissions throughout the food chain should be considered. The research contributes towards an improved understanding of the climatic impact of the dietary intakes of Irish adults and can serve to inform a sustainability framework to guide action in food and nutrition policy development.
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Bastian B, Loughnan S. Resolving the Meat-Paradox: A Motivational Account of Morally Troublesome Behavior and Its Maintenance. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 21:278-299. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868316647562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A majority of people the world over eat meat, yet many of these same people experience discomfort when the meat on their plate is linked to the death of animals. We draw on this common form of moral conflict—the meat-paradox—to develop insights into the ways in which morally troublesome behaviors vanish into the commonplace and every day. Drawing on a motivational analysis, we show how societies may be shaped by attempts to resolve dissonance, in turn protecting their citizens from discomfort associated with their own moral conflicts. To achieve this, we build links between dissonance reduction, habit formation, social influence, and the emergence of social norms and detail how our analysis has implications for understanding immoral behavior and motivations underpinning dehumanization and objectification. Finally, we draw from our motivational analysis to advance new insights into the origins of prejudice and pathways through which prejudice can be maintained and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Bastian
- The University of Melbourne, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Kongsbak I, Skov LR, Nielsen BK, Ahlmann FK, Schaldemose H, Atkinson L, Wichmann M, Pérez-Cueto FJ. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake among male university students in an ad libitum buffet setting: A choice architectural nudge intervention. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bohm I, Lindblom C, Åbacka G, Bengs C, Hörnell A. “He just has to like ham” – The centrality of meat in home and consumer studies. Appetite 2015; 95:101-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lange D, Corbett J, Lippke S, Knoll N, Schwarzer R. The interplay of intention, autonomy, and sex with dietary planning: A conditional process model to predict fruit and vegetable intake. Br J Health Psychol 2015; 20:859-76. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lange
- Health Psychology; Freie Universität Berlin; Germany
| | - Jana Corbett
- Department of Psychiatry; Oregon Health and Science University; Portland Oregon USA
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning; Jacobs University; Bremen Germany
| | - Nina Knoll
- Health Psychology; Freie Universität Berlin; Germany
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education; Australian Catholic University; Strathfield New South Wales Australia
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Coa KI, Smith KC, Klassen AC, Thorpe RJ, Caulfield LE. Exploring important influences on the healthfulness of prostate cancer survivors' diets. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 25:857-870. [PMID: 25857653 PMCID: PMC4643213 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315580108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cancer diagnosis is often conceptualized as a teachable moment when individuals might be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Many prostate cancer survivors, however, do not adhere to dietary guidelines. In this article, we explore how cancer affected prostate cancer survivors' diets and identify important influences on diet. Twenty prostate cancer survivors completed three 24-hour dietary recalls and an in-depth dietary interview. We analyzed interviews using a constant comparison approach, and dietary recall data quantitatively to assess quality and qualitatively to identify food choice patterns. Most men reported not making dietary changes following their cancer diagnosis but did express an interest in healthy eating, primarily to facilitate weight loss. Men portrayed barriers to healthy eating that often outweighed their motivation to eat healthy. Public health programs should consider alternative ways of framing healthy eating programs for prostate cancer survivors that might be more effective than a cancer-specific focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha I Coa
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine C Smith
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann C Klassen
- Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Caulfield
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Farahmand M, Amiri P, Ramezani Tehrani F, Momenan AA, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. What are the main barriers to healthy eating among families? A qualitative exploration of perceptions and experiences of Tehranian men. Appetite 2015; 89:291-7. [PMID: 25725485 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite women playing a pivotal role in shaping nutritional patterns in their families, it is the men whose ideas and preferences, after children, influence the selection and consumption of daily foods among Iranian families. This study focused on exploring the main barriers to healthy eating as experienced by male participants of the Tehran Lipid Glucose Study (TLGS). A grounded theory approach was used for analyzing participants' experiences and their perceptions regarding these barriers. Participants were 98 men, aged 25-65 years, selected and recruited from the TGLS cohort. Data collection was conducted through fourteen semi-structured focus group discussions, between 2008 and 2009. All interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Constant comparative analysis of the data was conducted manually according to the Strauss and Corbin analysis method. The most important barriers to healthy eating were: (i) Personal factors, which included two subthemes--lack of knowledge and personal taste, (ii) Communication and modeling included two subthemes--other individuals and media/advertisements; (iii) Modernization included two subthemes--nutrition transition and women's role; and (iv) Lack of access to healthy foods, which included four subthemes--Inadequate confidence, perceived risk, high cost and time limitations. Appropriate attention and prioritized policy-making to modify the socio-environmental barriers to healthy eating were explored in the current study, along with effective educational programs that could help to promote healthy eating among Iranian families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momenan
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pförtner TK, Moor I, Rathmann K, Hublet A, Molcho M, Kunst AE, Richter M. The association between family affluence and smoking among 15-year-old adolescents in 33 European countries, Israel and Canada: the role of national wealth. Addiction 2015; 110:162-73. [PMID: 25220260 DOI: 10.1111/add.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the role of national wealth in the association between family affluence and adolescent weekly smoking, early smoking behaviour and weekly smoking among former experimenters. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Data were used from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2005/2006 in 35 countries from Europe and North America that comprises 60 490 students aged 15 years. Multi-level logistic regression was conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) to explore whether associations between family affluence and smoking outcomes were dependent upon national wealth. MEASUREMENT Family Affluence Scale (FAS) as an indicator for the socio-economic position of students. Current weekly smoking behaviour is defined as at least weekly smoking (dichotomous). Early smoking behaviour is measured by smoking more than a first puff before age 13 years (dichotomous). Weekly smoking among former experimenters is restricted to those who had tried a first puff in the past. FINDINGS The logistic multi-level models indicated an association of family affluence with current weekly smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.088; 95% credible interval (CrI) = 1.055-1.121, P < 0.001], early smoking behaviour (OR = 1.066; CrI = 1.028-1.104, P < 0.001) and smoking among former experimenters (OR = 1.100; CrI = 1.071-1.130; P < 0.001). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was associated positively and significantly with the relationship between family affluence and current weekly smoking (OR = 1.005; CrI = 1.003-1.007; P < 0.001), early smoking behaviour (OR = 1.003; CrI = 1.000-1.005; P = 0.012) and smoking among former experimenters (OR = 1.004; CrI = 1.002-1.006; P < 0.001). The association of family affluence and smoking outcomes was significantly stronger for girls. CONCLUSIONS The difference in smoking prevalence between rich and poor is greater in more affluent countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo-Kolja Pförtner
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Mróz LW, Robertson S. Gender relations and couple negotiations of British men's food practice changes after prostate cancer. Appetite 2014; 84:113-9. [PMID: 25305464 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in the health of men diagnosed with prostate cancer and dietary interventions can therefore be a significant part of prostate cancer survivorship supportive care. Family food provision, however, involves complex social interactions, which shape how men engage with their diets and dietary interventions. The role that gender plays in shaping prostate cancer couples' food practices and men's diets after a prostate cancer diagnosis is thought to be important but is little understood. This study explored couples' accounts of nutrition information seeking and diet change to gain a better understanding of how gender relations shaped men's food practices after prostate cancer diagnosis. Qualitative health interviews with men and their partners were conducted and analysed using interpretive descriptive methods. Findings demonstrated how couples navigated food change journeys that involved seeking information, deciding what changes were warranted and implementing and regulating diet changes. Two overarching themes that illustrated couples' food negotiations were called 'Seeking information and deciding on food changes' and 'Monitoring food changes'. Additional sub-themes described who led food changes, women's filtering of information, and moderation or 'treats'. Throughout these food change journeys, interactions between men and women were at play, demonstrating how gender relations and dynamics acted to shape couples' food negotiations and men's food practices. Findings reveal that attention to gender relations and the men's family food dynamics should inform diet interventions for men with prostate cancer in order to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Mróz
- Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University, Rm 512, Calverley Building, City Campus, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK.
| | - Steven Robertson
- Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University, Rm 512, Calverley Building, City Campus, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
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Monge-Rojas R, Mattei J, Fuster T, Willett W, Campos H. Influence of sensory and cultural perceptions of white rice, brown rice and beans by Costa Rican adults in their dietary choices. Appetite 2014; 81:200-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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The significance of sensory appeal for reduced meat consumption. Appetite 2014; 81:168-79. [PMID: 24953197 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reducing meat (over-)consumption as a way to help address environmental deterioration will require a range of strategies, and any such strategies will benefit from understanding how individuals might respond to various meat consumption practices. To investigate how New Zealanders perceive such a range of practices, in this instance in vitro meat, eating nose-to-tail, entomophagy and reducing meat consumption, focus groups involving a total of 69 participants were held around the country. While it is the damaging environmental implications of intensive farming practices and the projected continuation of increasing global consumer demand for meat products that has propelled this research, when asked to consider variations on the conventional meat-centric diet common to many New Zealanders, it was the sensory appeal of the areas considered that was deemed most problematic. While an ecological rationale for considering these 'meat' alternatives was recognised and considered important by most, transforming this value into action looks far less promising given the recurrent sensory objections to consuming different protein-based foods or of reducing meat consumption. This article considers the responses of focus group participants in relation to each of the dietary practices outlined, and offers suggestions on ways to encourage a more environmentally viable diet.
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31
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Monge-Rojas R, Fuster-Baraona T, Garita C, Sánchez M, Smith-Castro V, Valverde-Cerros O, Colon-Ramos U. The influence of gender stereotypes on eating habits among Costa Rican adolescents. Am J Health Promot 2014; 29:303-10. [PMID: 24720390 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.130904-qual-462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the influence of gender stereotypes on eating habits among Costa Rican adolescents. DESIGN Qualitative, descriptive research was used in this study. SETTING Adolescents and parents were recruited from socioeconomically diverse populations in rural and urban areas of San José, Costa Rica. SUBJECTS Subjects were 92 adolescents (14 to 17 years old) and 48 parents. METHODS Focus group data were transcribed and entered into the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti version 5.0. Analyses were grounded on the social cognitive theory. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the focus group discussions: (1) Costa Rican adolescents associate the consumption of moderate quantities of healthy foods with femininity and male homosexuality. (2) The consumption of hearty portions of nonhealthy foods was associated with masculinity and male heterosexuality. (3) There is an emerging view that it is acceptable for heterosexual male adolescents to take care of their bodies through healthy eating. (4) Body care among female adolescents is an element of femininity and body image. (5) Parents reinforce their daughters' persistent concern with weight control because they perceive it as feminine behavior. CONCLUSION Health promoters should be aware of the existing and changing food stereotypes around gender as an avenue for the promotion of healthy eating.
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Harmon BE, Blake CE, Armstead CA, Hébert JR. Intersection of identities: food, role, and the African-American pastor. Appetite 2013; 67:44-52. [PMID: 23538172 PMCID: PMC3758249 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
African-American pastors can foster health-related innovations as gatekeepers and advocates within their churches. Personal experiences with food and health likely influence their support of such programs. Identities or meanings attached to societal roles have been shown to motivate individuals' attitudes and behaviors. Understanding role and eating identities of African-American pastors may have important implications for participation in faith-based health promotion programs. This study aimed to describe the eating and pastoral identities of African-American pastors, explore intersections between these identities, and highlight implications for nutrition programs. In-depth interviews with 30 African-American pastors were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using theory-guided and grounded-theory approaches. Pastors described affinity across one or more dimensions including healthy, picky, meat, and over-eater identities. In describing themselves as pastors, the dimensions pastor's heart, teacher, motivator, and role model emerged. Pastors who described themselves as healthy eaters were more likely to see themselves as role models. Pastors with healthier eating identities and more complex pastoral identities described greater support for health programming while unhealthy, picky, and over-eaters did not. These findings provide guidance for understanding eating and role identities among pastors and should be considered when designing and implementing faith-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook E Harmon
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Lowe RD, Heim D, Chung CK, Duffy JC, Davies JB, Pennebaker JW. In verbis, vinum? Relating themes in an open-ended writing task to alcohol behaviors. Appetite 2013; 68:8-13. [PMID: 23602961 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol's function as a regulator of emotions has long been denoted in figures of speech, most famously 'in vino, veritas' (in wine, truth). In contrast, we ask whether an individual's self-reported alcohol consumption and related attitudes can be correlated with the words they use to write about alcohol. Participants completed an open-ended essay as part of a survey on alcohol attitudes and behaviors. We used a computerized technique, the Meaning Extraction Method, to summarize the responses into thematic tropes, and correlated these with quantitative measurements of demographics, attitudes and behaviors. Participants were recruited using a random population postal survey in the UK (n=1001). Principal components analysis identified regular co-occurring words, to locate themes in the responses. Seven themes were identified that corresponded to both negative and positive aspects of alcohol consumption ranging from concern for the influence of alcohol on others (e.g., children and family) to participants' own enjoyment of alcohol (e.g., social drinking). Small but significant correlations suggested a relationship between the essay responses and individual consumption patterns and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Lowe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe CW1 5DU, United Kingdom.
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