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Peleg O, Idan M, Katz R. Exploring the relationship between binge eating and differentiation of self: the mediating role of emotional distress and work stress. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1368995. [PMID: 39040923 PMCID: PMC11260811 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1368995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a prevalent eating disorder outlined in the DSM-5. Emotional distress (including stress, anxiety, and depression) stands out as a critical risk factor for developing eating disorders, and specifically BED. Recent studies have identified differentiation of self- a family pattern involving the ability to balance emotions and cognitions, as well as intimacy and autonomy-as a factor that exacerbates emotional distress. This relationship highlights the importance of addressing both emotional distress and family dynamics in understanding BED. While associations have been found between work-related factors and family dynamics with emotional distress, there has been limited investigation into the specific risk factors that are uniquely linked to BED. It was hypothesized that differentiation of self would relate to BED symptoms through the mediation of emotional distress and work stress. A systematic sampling method was applied to select a total of 275 participants for this study, with 60% women and 40% men (aged 20-45, M = 32.71, SD = 7.50). The findings suggest that low differentiation of self may increase vulnerability to BED symptoms by increasing susceptibility to emotional distress, including stress in the workplace. In addition, the analyses indicated that women reported higher levels of BED symptoms, while men reported higher levels of differentiation of self. The study sheds light on the contribution of unregulated family and emotional patterns to BED, providing valuable insights for organizations seeking to promote healthier work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Peleg
- Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Meirav Idan
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Katz
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Ye S, Guan X, Xiu M, Wu F, Huang Y. Early efficacy of rTMS intervention at week 2 predicts subsequent responses at week 24 in schizophrenia in a randomized controlled trial. Neurotherapeutics 2024:e00392. [PMID: 38944636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique for modulating cortical activities and improving neural plasticity. Several studies investigated the effects of rTMS, etc., but the results are inconsistent. This study was designed to examine whether rTMS applied on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) showed an effect on improving cognitive deficits in SZ and whether the early efficacy could predict efficacy at subsequent follow-ups. Cognitive ability was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scale at baseline, weeks 2, 6, and 24. We found a significant interaction between time (weeks 0, 2, 6, and 24) and intervention on immediate memory and RBANS total scores (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04), indicating that both 10-Hz and 20-Hz rTMS stimulations had a delayed beneficial effect on immediate memory in SZ. Moreover, we found that 20-Hz rTMS stimulation, but not 10-Hz rTMS improved immediate memory at week 6 compared to the sham group (p = 0.029). More importantly, improvements in immediate memory at week 2 were positively correlated with improvements at week 24 (β = 0.461, t = 3.322, p = 0.002). Our study suggests that active rTMS was beneficial for cognitive deficits in patients with SZ. Furthermore, efficacy at week 2 could predict the subsequent efficacy at 24-week follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoni Guan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang S, Hu R, Zhao S. Autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors in preschoolers: Mediating effects of sensory processing patterns. Appetite 2024; 196:107237. [PMID: 38316365 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between autistic traits and Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)-associated eating behaviors in preschool-age children and investigated whether this association was mediated by sensory processing patterns. METHOD A cross-sectional, parent-reported study was conducted between July 2022 and March 2023 among 503 preschoolers aged 4-6 years in China. Parents provided assessments of their children's autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale, sensory processing patterns using the Short Sensory Profile 2, and ARFID-associated eating behaviors using the Nine Items ARFID Screen. The mediation model based on ordinary least squares regression was employed to test the mediating effects of sensory processing patterns between autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors. RESULTS The results indicated significant associations among autistic traits, ARFID-associated eating behaviors, and sensory processing patterns. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that sensory processing patterns played a partial mediating role in the relationship between autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors. Specifically, autistic traits were observed to weaken ARFID-associated eating behaviors, particularly picky eating and poor appetite, through Registration, while simultaneously fostering them through Sensitivity and Avoiding. DISCUSSION Our study is limited to some extent by the inability to draw longitudinal conclusions from cross-sectional data. Nevertheless, it underscores the significance of early identification and intervention for food avoidance/restriction behaviors due to sensory processing abnormalities in children with heightened autistic traits. This proactive approach may contribute to mitigating ARFID-associated eating behaviors that might drive clinical symptoms of ARFID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Rongqing Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, No. 7098 Liuxian Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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Téllez-Rodríguez MA, Amaya-Hernández A, Ortega-Luyando M, Serrano-Juárez CA, Yáñez-Téllez G, López-Alonso VE, Mancilla-Diaz JM, Escartín-Pérez RE. Exploratory study of the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship with executive functioning, depression, and reinforcement sensitivity in a sample of Mexican adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1277681. [PMID: 38106896 PMCID: PMC10722417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1277681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study of food addiction (FA) has become relevant due to its high prevalence, the negative impact on quality of life, and its association with neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. Several studies have provided scientific support for these associations, however, the results are contradictory. Additionally, studies have unsuccessfully elucidated the true nature of the failures in executive functioning in people with FA symptomatology, particularly when it comes to executive deficits. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish whether the presence of executive dysfunction, depressive symptoms and binge eating problems, as well as high reward sensitivity entails a greater severity in FA traits and high body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Mexican adults. Methods The sample consisted of Mexican men and women between 21-59 years (n = 36); who completed self-report questionnaires and performance tests to measure the study variables. Additionally, BMI was estimated with self-reported height and weight. Results Our results showed that a high number of FA symptoms were associated with higher executive dysfunction scores, greater reward sensitivity, and more severe depressive and binge eating problems. Furthermore, factors that are more strongly associated with higher scores of FA include severe executive deficits, greater activation of the punishment avoidance system, and persistence in the search for reward when the depressive symptoms increased. The factors that best explained changes in the estimated BMI of women were a decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and the inability to control food intake as the number of FA symptoms increased. Discussion In summary, the cognitive functioning profile characterized by general failure of the executive functioning, as well as a greater activation of the Punishment Avoidance System and persistence in the search for reward, were associated with greater severity of FA symptoms, especially when the depressive symptomatology was severe. In parallel, the psychopathology in participants associated with FA confirms the contribution of anxious and depressive symptomatology and borderline personality traits which could facilitate the expression of clinically relevant FA symptoms in women. Finally, we found that decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and inability to control food intake were linked to higher BMI when the number of FA symptoms increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Alejandra Téllez-Rodríguez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Amaya-Hernández
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Mayaro Ortega-Luyando
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Serrano-Juárez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Verónica Elsa López-Alonso
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mancilla-Diaz
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Erick Escartín-Pérez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Ribeiro A, Sinval J, Félix S, Guimarães C, Machado BC, Gonçalves S, de Lourdes M, Conceição EM. Food Addiction and Grazing-The Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Negative Urgency in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:4410. [PMID: 37892485 PMCID: PMC10610407 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
University students are a vulnerable population to the development of disordered eating, such as food addiction (FA) and grazing. FA is an emerging concept characterized by an intense desire to eat hyper-palatable foods. Grazing is characterized by the repetitive and unplanned ingestion of food throughout a period of time. Both FA and grazing have been associated with increased scores of negative urgency (NU) and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). This study aims to evaluate the frequency of FA and grazing in a university population and to test the direct, total, and indirect effects-via FA-of ER and NU on repetitive eating and compulsive grazing. A total of 338 participants responded to a set of psychological measures assessing these variables. Thirty-six (10.7%) participants met the criteria for FA diagnosis and 184 (54.4%) presented grazing. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indexes for the model tested (χ2(1695) = 3167.575; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.955; NFI = 0.908; TLI = 0.953; SRMR = 0.085; RMSEA = 0.051; CI 90% (0.048; 0.053); P[RMSEA ≤ 0.05] = 0.318) and suggested that FA partially mediated the effect of difficulties in ER and NU on grazing, specifically on compulsive grazing. The results indicate that individuals with difficulties in ER and impulse control under negative emotions are more likely to engage in grazing if food addiction scores are higher. These results highlight the importance of assessing these variables, particularly in at-risk populations such as university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Ribeiro
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Jorge Sinval
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore;
- Department of Evidence-Based Health, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Félix
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Carolina Guimarães
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Bárbara César Machado
- Research Centre for Human Development (CEDH), Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Eva M. Conceição
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.); (S.F.); (C.G.); (S.G.); (M.d.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Passeri A, Municchi D, Cavalieri G, Babicola L, Ventura R, Di Segni M. Linking drug and food addiction: an overview of the shared neural circuits and behavioral phenotype. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1240748. [PMID: 37767338 PMCID: PMC10520727 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1240748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a lack of agreement on its definition and inclusion as a specific diagnosable disturbance, the food addiction construct is supported by several neurobiological and behavioral clinical and preclinical findings. Recognizing food addiction is critical to understanding how and why it manifests. In this overview, we focused on those as follows: 1. the hyperpalatable food effects in food addiction development; 2. specific brain regions involved in both food and drug addiction; and 3. animal models highlighting commonalities between substance use disorders and food addiction. Although results collected through animal studies emerged from protocols differing in several ways, they clearly highlight commonalities in behavioral manifestations and neurobiological alterations between substance use disorders and food addiction characteristics. To develop improved food addiction models, this heterogeneity should be acknowledged and embraced so that research can systematically investigate the role of specific variables in the development of the different behavioral features of addiction-like behavior in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Passeri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Municchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cavalieri
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Segni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Schankweiler P, Raddatz D, Ellrott T, Hauck Cirkel C. Correlates of Food Addiction and Eating Behaviours in Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:465-474. [PMID: 37544305 PMCID: PMC10601678 DOI: 10.1159/000531528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food addiction (FA) is a promising construct regarding the multifactorial aetiology of obesity and the search for therapeutic approaches. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the overlap/differentiation with eating disorders and the classification as a substance- or behaviour-related addiction. Energy-dense foods, especially those combining carbohydrates and fat, are associated with addictive eating and suspected of playing a role in the genesis of FA. This study aims to further understand the clinical significance of FA and to identify possible therapeutic targets. A special focus is set on potentially addictive foods (combination of carbohydrates and fat). METHODS Based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, a cohort of 112 German adults with morbid obesity was divided into two sub-samples (patients with and without FA), which were examined for differences in the variables listed below. RESULTS The prevalence of FA was 25%. Patients meeting criteria for FA showed higher degrees of hunger, emotional, binge, and night eating than patients without FA. In addition, hunger and disinhibition were found to be significant predictors of FA. FA was not associated with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), cognitive restraint, rigid and flexible control, prevalence of substance use, age of onset of obesity, stress level, level of social support, reduction of BMI during a weight loss programme, or programme withdrawal rate. There was no significant difference in the consumption of foods rich in both carbohydrates and fat, nor of fat or carbohydrates alone. CONCLUSION FA can be considered as a sub-phenotype of obesity, occurring in approximately 25% of obesity cases. Dysfunctional emotional coping mechanisms associated with low distress tolerance showed to be significantly related to FA and should be targeted therapeutically. Behavioural interventions should include a bio-psycho-social model. Binge eating episodes were found to be characteristic for FA and the already stated overlap between FA and binge eating behaviour can be confirmed. The results do not support a decisive difference due to a substance-related component of FA. Despite this, the existence of FA as a distinct entity cannot be excluded, as not all patients with FA exhibit binges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Schankweiler
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Raddatz
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ellrott
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Hauck Cirkel
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Paul A, Ghanta A, Chao AM. Features of Addiction in Binge-Eating Disorder: Considerations for Screening and Treatment. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2023; 14:77-87. [PMID: 37560533 PMCID: PMC10408689 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s391636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarities have been reported between the diagnostic and associated characteristics of binge-eating disorder (BED) and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders. This has resulted in interest in using addiction models to inform clinical care for people with BED. The purpose of this paper was to review features of addiction in BED with a focus on clinical implications. First, we briefly summarize similarities and differences in diagnostic and mechanistic features and symptoms for BED and food addiction, substance-related disorders, and non-substance-related disorders. Then we review aspects of addiction in BED that have clinical implications for screening and treatment of this condition. Similarities in diagnostic criteria between BED and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders include loss of control, greater use than intended, continued use despite adverse consequences, and marked distress. Addiction models may help inform aspects of clinical care of BED, particularly for shared antecedents and mechanisms underlying both disorders and to enhance engagement in treatment. Yet, there are large gaps in evidence regarding the effects of many aspects of addiction models to BED. More research is needed to examine the safety and efficacy of using addiction theories and frameworks for clinical strategies for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleena Ghanta
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Florio L, de Azevedo-Marques Périco C, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Understanding food addiction in Post-Bariatric patients. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:513-520. [PMID: 38299654 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2276895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the construct validity of Food Addiction (FA) as evaluated by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) within the context of post-bariatric surgery patients in Brazil. Understanding the prevalence, characteristics, and construct validity of FA among individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery is crucial for enhancing patient care and advancing research in this field. Our findings are based on a convenience-based sample of 100 individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery at Hospital Estadual Mário Covas (HEMC) in Brazil. Using mYFAS 2.0, we found that 51% of the participants met the criteria for FA, with 31% classified as severely affected. In our investigation of construct validity, we confirmed a one-dimensional model, in line with prior research using the YFAS and its modified versions. Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses further confirmed the appropriateness of the mYFAS 2.0 items, with all criteria contributing to the latent structure, most exhibiting discrimination values exceeding 0.5, and the majority having values greater than 2. These results provide substantial support for the construct validity of mYFAS 2.0 in our Brazilian subpopulation of post-bariatric surgery patients. Comparative analyses with previous studies revealed a notably higher prevalence of FA in our population, suggesting potential differences between pre- and post-bariatric surgery groups. This study contributes unique insights into the assessment of FA among post-surgery patients and highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in this population. While this study advances our understanding of FA in post-bariatric surgery patients, certain limitations, such as the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design, warrant consideration. Nevertheless, our findings hold valuable implications for healthcare providers, researchers, and patients in the field of bariatric surgery and FA management. Future research can build upon these foundations to explore long-term FA effects post-surgery and potential interventions to address this issue effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Florio
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, Brazil
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Legendre M, Bégin C. Group therapy to reduce maladaptive eating behaviors in people with overweight or obesity: Does food addiction impact the treatment response? Eat Behav 2023; 49:101720. [PMID: 36931049 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that the presence of food addiction worsens the clinical portrait in people with overweight or obesity, it could also impact the treatment response. The objective was to explore the moderating effect of baseline food addiction (FA) on the treatment response. The associations between changes in FA symptoms and other maladaptive eating behaviors were also examined. METHODS Sixty adults with overweight or obesity were recruited and took part in a 12-session group therapy for compulsive eating. They completed questionnaires on FA and three treatment outcomes (binge eating, grazing, and depressive symptoms). Participants were split into two groups according to their number of baseline FA symptoms (no/mild FA vs. moderate/severe FA) and were compared on all outcomes at four measurement points (baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up). Correlations between changes in FA symptoms and all three outcomes from pre- to post-treatment were performed. RESULTS Group and treatment effects were significant for binge eating and grazing but not for depressive symptoms. Interaction effects were not significant for the three outcomes. The reduction in FA symptoms from pre- to post-treatment was positively associated with the reduction in binge eating (r = 0.49) and grazing (r = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS People with moderate/severe FA maintained higher maladaptive eating behaviors than people with no/mild FA from the beginning to the end of the treatment. Progression through treatment followed the same pattern for both groups, suggesting that baseline FA did not have a moderating effect. People with moderate/severe FA would likely benefit from a longer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
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de Melo Barros L, da Silva Júnior AE, Praxedes DRS, Monteiro MBL, de Lima Macena M, Bueno NB. Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:677-690. [PMID: 36722629 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction (FA) has been extensively investigated worldwide; however, the prevalence of FA in the Latin American population has yet to be established and past work has largely neglected the specificities of this region, that includes the most significant economic disparities in the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of FA measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America. METHOD The search was performed on MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, PsycArticles, CENTRAL, and the gray literature. FA prevalence data were collected, and random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall weighted prevalence, the prevalence by country, and by clinical and non-clinical samples. RESULTS A total of 10,082 occurrences were identified through database searches, and 23 studies were included (Mexico = 9; Brazil = 7; Chile = 4; Argentina = 1; Peru = 1; Uruguay = 1). The prevalence of FA found in clinical samples was 38% (95% CI: 16%-63%; I2 = 98.67%; 8 studies), while in non-clinical samples, it was 15% (95% CI: 10%-21%; I2 = 98.51%; 15 studies). DISCUSSION The average prevalence of FA in the Latin American countries included here was in accordance with that reported in other regions worldwide. It is noteworthy that the studies were conducted only in six countries, which are among those with the highest income in the region and do not represent the situation in native populations or those with lower purchasing power. This gap in the data also reflects the effects of economic disparities on the availability of empirical data in the region. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of food addiction in Latin America was similar to that reported in other regions. It was higher among individuals with overweight, whether or not undergoing bariatric surgery, than in non-clinical samples. These findings contribute to aggregate information about this condition that has drawn the attention of clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila de Melo Barros
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maíra Barbosa Lobo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Lima Macena
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Su X, Wang X, Pan X, Zhang X, Lu X, Zhao L, Chen Y, Shang Y, Zhu L, Lu S, Zhu X, Wu F, Xiu M. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Inducing Weight Loss in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled 4-Week Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:417-423. [PMID: 35611778 PMCID: PMC10190142 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220524123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is emerging evidence that high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may promote weight loss in individuals with obesity in the general population. However, no study has been conducted on patients with schizophrenia (SZ). This study evaluated the efficacy of 10Hz rTMS in reducing body weight in patients with chronic SZ. METHODS Forty-seven SZ patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 10Hz rTMS or sham stimulation over DLPFC (applied once daily) for 20 consecutive treatments. Body weight was assessed at baseline, at the end of week 1, week 2, week 3 and week 4. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and at the end of week 4. RESULTS We found that compared with patients in the sham group, 10Hz rTMS treatment significantly reduced body weight in patients with chronic SZ after a period of 4 weeks of stimulation. Interestingly, further analysis found that from the first week (5 sessions) of treatment, there was a significant difference in body weight between active and sham groups after controlling for baseline weight. However, active rTMS treatment did not improve the psychotic symptoms compared to sham stimulation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that add-on HF rTMS could be an effective therapeutic strategy for body weight control in patients with chronic SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Su
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuling Pan
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yingnan Chen
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yujie Shang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Shulan Lu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLong Guan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLong Guan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Food addiction is associated with dysfunctions in the reward circuit, such as hyperresponsiveness during the exposure to high-calorie flavors in overweight and obese individuals. Similar to drug addiction, there is also impaired self-regulatory control supported by deregulation of the frontostriatal circuit. The inclusion of validated measures of food addiction in clinical research, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale, has increased the understanding of the clinical utility of this concept. Furthermore, food addiction, eating disorders, and obesity are interrelated. Thus, it is important to recognize food addiction among individuals affected by obesity and candidates for bariatric surgery (ie, preoperative and postoperative assessment). In this context, it has been reported that food addiction may impede weight loss and increase the likelihood of regaining weight when associated with personality traits such as neuroticism and impulsiveness, which are also related to mood disorders, anxiety, and addictive behaviors.
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Associations Between Food Addiction and Substance-Use Disorders: A Critical Overview of their Overlapping Patterns of Consumption. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:326-333. [PMID: 36277991 PMCID: PMC9579607 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Research on patterns of overconsumption in individuals with food addiction (FA) has focused largely on binge eating. However, compulsive overeating can be varied and dimensional. This review focuses on the similarities between the patterns of consumption in FA and in other clinically established substance-use disorders, such as alcohol and nicotine dependence. It also highlights features that make FA unique to other addiction disorders. Recent Findings Overall, there is substantial evidence that binge-like overconsumption is a characteristic of various substance-use and eating disorders. Likewise, it appears that different overeating patterns can reflect addictive-like eating. One pattern may be compulsive grazing — defined as the repetitive inability to resist consumption of small amounts of food. Summary This review adds to the increasingly compelling picture that FA and binge-eating disorder are unique conditions, and that FA resembles other substance-use disorders. We conclude that a variety of overeating patterns can reflect addictive eating behaviours in vulnerable individuals, one of which may be compulsive grazing.
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Fernández MS, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. Eating-to-Cope Motives and Uncontrolled Eating as Mediators Between Negative Emotional States and Food Addiction Among Argentinean Young Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36275610 PMCID: PMC9579650 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional states (NES; i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) are likely contributors to the development of food addiction (FA). The association between NES and FA symptoms may be mediated by altered eating behaviors or by eating-to-cope motives. This study examined, in a sample of Argentinean young adults, the association between NES and FA symptoms via eating-to-cope motives and three patterns of eating behaviors. We also examined whether the model was invariant across college status. The transition from high school to college is usually associated with increased exposure to stress, which promotes the probability of engaging in altered eating behaviors. A sample of 499 Argentinean young adults (mean age = 24.9 ± 3.51 years) completed a survey that assessed FA symptoms, eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled, emotional, and restrained eating), eating-to-cope motives and NES. A path analysis tested the indirect association between NES and FA symptoms via uncontrolled, emotional or restrained eating, or by eating-to-cope. Stress and depression symptoms were indirectly associated with FA symptoms via uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. The model was invariant across college status. The findings suggest that NES are associated with FA symptoms by increasing uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. Young adults exhibiting greater depressive or stress symptoms, higher eating-to-cope, or higher uncontrolled eating may be at risk for FA. Future research should examine the significance of this pattern by tailoring interventions to these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. Y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Sayed M, Naiim CM, Aboelsaad M, Ibrahim MK. Internet addiction and relationships with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance among Egypt pharmacy students: a cross-sectional designed study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1826. [PMID: 36163012 PMCID: PMC9513952 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pharmacy students represent the future of healthcare professionals and with daily use of the internet for different activities has made internet addiction (IA) of a growing concern. The main objectives of this study were to 1) assess internet addiction among pharmacy undergraduate students as well as factors associated with it; 2) assess the relationships between internet addiction and common mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress), in addition to academic performance and body mass index factors. METHODS We utilized a cross-sectional questionnaire that was conducted among 808 students of Egypt university pharmacy students across the country. The surveys used included: Young Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 21). RESULTS YIAT average score was 44.75 (19.72%); prevalence rate of potential IA was 311 (38.5%) with no gender significant difference. We couldn't detect any type of correlation between potential IA and GPA. However, a robust correlation was found between internet addiction vs depression, anxiety and stress collectively. CONCLUSIONS Internet addiction is usually associated with mental related disorders thus it is of paramount important to identify it among students. Different therapeutic interventions could include management to IA and common psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Sayed
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo, Egypt. .,Center of Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Christina Medhat Naiim
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marina Aboelsaad
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Kamal Ibrahim
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza, Egypt
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Mediating effect of self-control in the relationship between psychological distress and food addiction among college students. Appetite 2022; 179:106278. [PMID: 35988799 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a possible trigger contributing to food addiction, which is characterized by a loss of behavioral control and compulsive food intake. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Self-control, an important self-regulation skill, may mediate the effect of psychological distress on food addiction. A cross-sectional survey was used to explore the direct relationship between psychological distress and food addiction, and the mediating role of self-control in this relationship. Food addiction, psychological distress, and self-control were evaluated using the Chinese versions of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, and Self-control Scale, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that food addiction was positively correlated with psychological distress, but negatively related to self-control. Structural equation modeling revealed the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between food addiction and psychological distress. As a significant predictor of food addiction, psychological distress may induce food addiction directly or indirectly through the effect of self-control. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between psychological distress and food addiction, and the underlying mechanism. As such, psychological distress and self-control should be included in prevention and intervention strategies to address food addiction among college students.
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18
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Legendre M, Sabourin S, Bégin C. Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Childhood Trauma: A Focus on Food Addiction. Cureus 2022; 14:e26966. [PMID: 35989855 PMCID: PMC9382990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have highlighted the clinical relevance of food addiction (FA) by showing its association with psychopathological severity and even more when co-occurring with binge eating disorder. It was suggested that the association between FA and greater psychopathological severity could be accounted for by a history of traumatic experiences. The present study examined the relationship between childhood trauma (including peer victimization, abuse, and neglect) and maladaptive eating behaviors (FA, binge eating, and grazing) and explored whether childhood trauma predicts FA when controlling for binge eating, grazing, and other confounding variables. Methods One hundred fourteen adult women seeking psychological help for problems related to eating or weight completed questionnaires measuring FA, binge eating, grazing, depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results FA showed significantly small to moderate positive correlations with all measures of childhood trauma, except for physical neglect. A hierarchical regression, including binge eating, grazing, depressive symptoms, age, and childhood trauma explained 55% of FA variance, with 7% of variance explained uniquely by childhood trauma. Conclusions This study supports that FA is related to childhood trauma and provides a potential explanation for the association of FA with greater psychopathological severity. From a clinical perspective, FA provides an accurate and quick assessment of psychopathological severity and represents an essential complement to the evaluation of eating disorders related to overweight. Future studies should attempt to estimate the impact of childhood trauma on treatment outcomes.
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19
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The effects of response inhibition training following binge memory retrieval in young adults binge eaters: a randomised-controlled experimental study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9281. [PMID: 35661111 PMCID: PMC9166753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge eating is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and can have a lasting harmful impact on mental and physical health. Mechanistic insights suggest that aberrant reward-learning and biased cognitive processing may be involved in the aetiology of binge eating. We therefore investigated whether recently developed approaches to catalyse brief interventions by putatively updating maladaptive memory could also boost the effects of cognitive bias modification training on binge eating behaviour. A non-treatment-seeking sample of 90 binge eating young adults were evenly randomised to undergo either selective food response inhibition training, or sham training following binge memory reactivation. A third group received training without binge memory reactivation. Laboratory measures of reactivity and biased responses to food cues were assessed pre-post intervention and bingeing behaviour and disordered eating assessed up to 9 months post-intervention. The protocol was pre-registered at https://osf.io/82c4r/ . We found limited evidence of premorbid biased processing in lab-assessed measures of cognitive biases to self-selected images of typical binge foods. Accordingly, there was little evidence of CBM reducing these biases and this was not boosted by prior 'reactivation' of binge food reward memories. No group differences were observed on long-term bingeing behaviour, caloric consumption or disordered eating symptomatology. These findings align with recent studies showing limited impact of selective inhibition training on binge eating and do not permit conclusions regarding the utility of retrieval-dependent memory 'update' mechanisms as a treatment catalyst for response inhibition training.
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20
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Kirson D, Spierling Bagsic SR, Murphy J, Chang H, Vlkolinsky R, Pucci SN, Prinzi J, Williams CA, Fang SY, Roberto M, Zorrilla EP. Decreased excitability of leptin-sensitive anterior insula pyramidal neurons in a rat model of compulsive food demand. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108980. [PMID: 35122838 PMCID: PMC9055870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive eating is an overlapping construct with binge eating that shares many characteristics with substance use disorders. Compulsive eating may impact millions of Americans; presenting in some cases of binge eating disorders, overweight/obesity, and among individuals who have not yet been diagnosed with a recognized eating disorder. To study the behavioral and neurobiological underpinnings of compulsive eating, we employ a published rodent model using cyclic intermittent access to a palatable diet to develop a self-imposed binge-withdrawal cycle. Here, we further validated this model of compulsive eating in female Wistar rats, through the lens of behavioral economic analyses and observed heightened demand intensity, inelasticity and essential value as well as increased food-seeking during extinction. Using electrophysiological recordings in the anterior insular cortex, a region previously implicated in modulating compulsive-like eating in intermittent access models, we observed functional adaptations of pyramidal neurons. Within the same neurons, application of leptin led to further functional adaptations, suggesting a previously understudied, extrahypothalamic role of leptin in modulating feeding-related cortical circuits. Collectively, the findings suggest that leptin may modulate food-related motivation or decision-making via a plastic cortical circuit that is influenced by intermittent access to a preferred diet. These findings warrant further study of whether behavioral economics analysis of compulsive eating can impact disordered eating outcomes in humans and of the translational relevance of a leptin-sensitive anterior insular circuit implicated in these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kirson
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, 71 S Manassas, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Samantha R Spierling Bagsic
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Scripps Health, Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, 10140 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jiayuan Murphy
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hang Chang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sarah N Pucci
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Julia Prinzi
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Casey A Williams
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Savannah Y Fang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric P Zorrilla
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Su X, Zhao L, Shang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang X, Xiu M, Yu H, Liu L. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for psychiatric symptoms in long-term hospitalized veterans with schizophrenia: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:873057. [PMID: 36213928 PMCID: PMC9537384 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.873057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the efficacy of HF-rTMS on psychiatric symptoms remains unknown in veterans with SCZ. This study aimed to investigate whether HF-rTMS was beneficial in alleviating the clinical symptoms in veterans with SCZ. Forty-seven long-term hospitalized veterans with SCZ were randomly allocated to receive neuronavigated 10 Hz rTMS or sham stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex once daily for four consecutive weeks. Symptoms were assessed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale at baseline and at the end of week 4. We also collected easily available routine biochemical markers including blood sugar, lipid profiles, hormone, and blood cell counts, considering that these markers may potentially be used to predict the outcomes of rTMS treatment. We found that there was a significant interaction effect of time and group on the positive symptoms. Compared with the sham group, the positive factor score of veterans with SCZ was significantly decreased after treatment in the real rTMS group. Interestingly, the improvement of positive symptoms from baseline to 4-week follow-up was significantly associated with the whole white blood cells (WBC) counts at baseline in the real rTMS group, and baseline WBC counts were predictive of the symptom improvement after rTMS treatment. Our findings indicate that add-on 10 Hz rTMS is beneficial for clinical symptoms in veterans with SCZ. In addition, the baseline WBC counts were predictive of the outcomes after treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03774927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Su
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yujie Shang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yingnan Chen
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing Yu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
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22
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Neurobiology of food addiction. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Iceta S, Rodrigue C, Legendre M, Daoust J, Flaudias V, Michaud A, Bégin C. Cognitive function in binge eating disorder and food addiction: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110400. [PMID: 34256024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An extensive body of recent research has focused on the contribution of cognitive functioning to eating behaviors. In binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA), the extent of cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize, among those with BED and FA, neurocognitive functions using performances based on neuropsychological tasks in the context of neutral stimuli in adults. METHOD MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and gray literature (ProQuest and OpenGrey) were used to identify studies that reported neurocognitive assessments in BED or FA up to December 2019. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS A significant overall effect was found for global cognitive impairments, suggesting that individuals with BED or FA have poorer performances when completing cognitive tasks. Analyses for specific cognitive domains revealed that individuals with BED showed poorer performances at tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, attention and planning. Analyses regarding FA were inconclusive due to a lack of studies. Thus, the results were described qualitatively. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis highlighted the cognitive weaknesses that seem to come with BED and the necessity to integrate them in the assessment and treatment of this condition. It also stressed the lack of quality studies surrounding the cognitive features of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Iceta
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Integrated Center of Obesity, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, France; CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Christopher Rodrigue
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Justine Daoust
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Andreanne Michaud
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Aguirre T, Meier N, Koehler A, Bowman R. Highly processed food addiction: A concept analysis. Nurs Forum 2021; 57:152-164. [PMID: 34657289 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This concept analysis aims to clarify the highly processed food addiction (HPFA) concept and discuss its implications for treating obesity. BACKGROUND Emerging empirical evidence suggests addictive-like eating may contribute to obesity in some individuals, increasing interest in HPFA's role in obesity. Clarifying the HPFA concept will aid in developing individualized interventions for patients with obesity and HPFA. DESIGN This concept analysis followed Walker and Avant's approach. The case studies are of participants in a study that included individuals with and without HPFA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0-diagnosed). DATA SOURCE We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Ebscohost databases. Keywords were "food addiction" and "food addiction concept." REVIEW METHODS Criteria included recent reviews and empirical studies that measured HPFA and focused on HPFA characteristics and/or treatment implications. RESULTS The model case displayed all 11-substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and clinical significance, supporting a severe HPFA diagnosis. The contrary case was negative for all YFAS 2.0 symptoms and clinical significance and did not eat compulsively or experience cravings. The borderline case met the minimum symptom criteria for severe HPFA but not clinical significance. Clinical interviews may help determine whether such individuals truly exhibit addictive-like eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Growing empirical evidence and our case studies support the HPFA concept and the utility of the YFAS/YFAS 2.0 for identifying a distinct subset of individuals with overweight/obesity who may benefit from interventions developed to treat established SUDs. Future research should examine HPFA separately and in relation to obesity and eating disorders and include longitudinal studies and gender-balanced samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Aguirre
- College of Nursing-West Nebraska Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nancy Meier
- College of Nursing-West Nebraska Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ann Koehler
- College of Nursing-West Nebraska Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
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Legendre M, Bégin C. French validation of the addiction-like eating behavior scale and its clinical implication. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1893-1902. [PMID: 33048328 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The first conception of food addiction (FA) as substance addiction, measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), is controversial. Some proposed that FA would be better conceptualized with a behavioral approach. In accordance with this conceptualization, Ruddock and colleagues published a new self-reported scale for food addiction, the Addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS). Overall, preliminary validation of the scale demonstrated good psychometric properties with a community sample. The aim of the present study is twofold, to validate the French-Canadian version of the AEBS with a community sample and to examine how well the instrument fits into a clinical sample with overweight/obesity. METHODS A community sample (N = 466) and a clinical sample with overweight/obesity seeking help for their eating difficulties (N = 126) completed an online survey regarding FA, binge eating, dietary restraint, depression, and BMI. Factor analysis, internal consistency, and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS With the community sample, factorial structure, and psychometric properties of the AEBS were replicated. With the clinical sample, proper convergent validity was demonstrated with the YFAS 2.0 and binge eating, and proper divergent validity was demonstrated with dietary restraint. Among the clinical sample, AEBS explain similar variance of BMI and depression level when compared to YFAS 2.0. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that the French-Canadian version of the AEBS is a valid measure of food addiction, but it did not permit to establish advantages over YFAS 2.0 with a clinical sample. Clinical implications of the AEBS and FA characteristic are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Laval University, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Laval University, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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26
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Schulte EM, Gearhardt AN. Attributes of the food addiction phenotype within overweight and obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2043-2049. [PMID: 33128719 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have demonstrated overlapping behavioral features between substance-use disorders and food addiction, the latter of which is particularly prevalent among individuals with overweight or obesity. However, the unique attributes of food addiction as a possible phenotype within overweight and obesity are not fully understood. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited participants (n = 46) with overweight or obesity, nearly half (n = 20) of whom met the criteria for food addiction based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and examined responses to self-report questionnaires that indexed behavioral characteristics relevant to addictive disorders. RESULTS Individuals with food addiction exhibited significantly higher scores on the Palatable Eating Motives Scale overall score (p < .001) and subscales for coping (p < .001) and enhancement (p < .001) of emotions, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire Emotional Eating subscale (p < .001), UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale negative urgency (p < .001) and lack of perseverance (p = .01) subscales, and the Food Craving Inventory overall score (p = .02) and subscales of cravings for sweets (p < .01) and fast food fats (p = .02). CONCLUSION Food addiction appears to represent a distinct phenotype within overweight and obesity, marked by greater emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and cravings, which have been observed in prior studies examining features of individuals with addictive disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Suite 3032, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Som M, Constant A, Zayani T, Pabic EL, Moirand R, Val-Laillet D, Thibault R. Food addiction among morbidly obese patients: prevalence and links with obesity complications. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:103-110. [PMID: 34130613 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1939630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of obesity, little is known about the prevalence of food addiction nor about the phenotype of obese patients with food addiction. Objectives: To assess: (i) the prevalence of food addiction among obese patients eligible for obesity surgery; (ii) the relationship between clinical features and the complications of obesity. Methods: Consecutive patients consulting for the first time were included. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 questionnaire was used to diagnose food addiction and its severity. Demographics, clinical features, and obesity complications were systematically collected. Statistics: Student's test was used for numerical variables and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 292 patients were included: 79% female, age (mean ± SD) 42.6 ± 13.0 yrs., body mass index (BMI) 43.2 ± 6.8 kg/m2. One hundred and eight patients (37%) had food addiction: 58% severe, 33% moderate, 9% mild. Food addiction prevalence was 39% (n = 61/156) among patients eligible for obesity surgery. Food addiction was more frequent among the unemployed, compared to professionally active patients (41.0% vs. 33.5%, p = 0.046). Clinical and metabolic phenotypes and obesity complications were similar between patients with and without food addiction. Conclusion: Food addiction was present in 37% of obese patients, but was not associated with clinical features or obesity complications. Therefore, it should be systemically assessed for appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Som
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,Unité de Nutrition, service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aymery Constant
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,EHESP, School of Public Health, Rennes, France
| | - Teycir Zayani
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | | | - Romain Moirand
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,Unitéd' Addictologie, service des maladies du foie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,Unité de Nutrition, service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
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Reduced caloric intake allows access-induced consumption differences to emerge with concentrated sucrose solutions. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113388. [PMID: 33736968 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats given intermittent access to 4% (w/v) sucrose solution elevate their consumption of solution relative to rats with continuous access, a difference that does not appear at higher concentrations. Here, we examined the hypothesis that a limit on the intake of sucrose calories prevents rats from demonstrating access-induced differences in consumption of a more concentrated sucrose solution. Energy-replete rats were given every day (ED) or every third day (E3D) access to sucrose solutions adulterated with bitter quinine which reduced solution palatability and consumption levels while intake was measured. In experiment 1, previously collected data were compiled to examine the trajectory of consumption of continuously available 4% sucrose solution which was shown to stabilize by day 3 and then informed group assignment. In experiment 2, daily consumption levels were higher for rats with E3D access to 4% sucrose solution than rats with ED access to the same solution, whereas rats consumed similar amounts of 8% sucrose solution across access schedules. In the first hour of solution availability rats with E3D access showed elevated sucrose solution consumption, relative to rats with ED access, for both 4% and 8% sucrose solution. Upon the addition of quinine (0.005%) sucrose solution consumption decreased and the E3D access group consumed more daily sucrose solution than the ED access group for both 4% and 8% sucrose solution. In experiment 3, four groups of rats were given ED or E3D access to 8% sucrose solution adulterated with 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.01%, or 0.02% quinine. Quinine adulteration reduced 8% sucrose solution consumption and allowed rats with E3D access to elevate their consumption levels relative to rats with ED access; this effect persisted when all groups were switched to 8% sucrose + 0.02% quinine solution. Thus, daily access-induced consumption differences develop but do not emerge because of a caloric limit on sucrose solution intake. This work underscores the interaction of availability and caloric intake as determinants of sugar consumption and highlights an important distinction between animal models of food addiction and binge eating.
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29
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An open-label trial on the efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone/bupropion SR for treating altered eating behaviours and weight loss in binge eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:779-788. [PMID: 32356145 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating disorder (BED) has a considerable clinical relevance by virtue of its high numerous psychiatric and medical comorbidities; among the latter, the most frequent is obesity. Available treatments for BED have shown frequent relapse of binges or weight regain in the long term. The new combination of naltrexone and bupropion sustained release (NB) has proved to be effective for weight loss among obese patients. As NB acts on hypothalamic and reward circuits, that seem involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of BED symptoms, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of NB in improving pathological eating behavior and losing weight in BED patients. METHODS In this preliminary study, 23 obese-BED patients and a control group of 20 obese non-BED patients (respectively, Groups 1 and 2) who had previously undergone at least 5 unsuccessful weight-loss programs were treated with NB in addition to modified life style. Evaluation at t0 and after 16 weeks of treatment (t1) included anthropometric measurement, eating behavior assessment and psychopathological questionnaires (EDE-Q, BES, YFAS, BDI and STAI). RESULTS A significant and similar weight loss (ΔBMI% ≈ 8%) was evident for both groups. Pathological eating behavior (i.e., binge, grazing, emotional eating, craving for carbohydrates, and post-dinner eating), BES score and YFAS severity significantly improved, especially among BED. NB was well tolerated and drop-out rate was low. CONCLUSION Treatment with NB, in addition to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity, seems an effective and well-tolerated option for improving pathological eating behavior and losing weight in obese-BED patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III case-control study.
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Oliveira TPD, Gonçalves BDC, Oliveira BS, de Oliveira ACP, Reis HJ, Ferreira CN, Aguiar DC, de Miranda AS, Ribeiro FM, Vieira EML, Palotás A, Vieira LB. Negative Modulation of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Binge-Like Eating Behavior. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:631311. [PMID: 33642987 PMCID: PMC7902877 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.631311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease, which in turn contributes to the onset of comorbidities, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Moreover, there are only few options available for treating obesity, and most current pharmacotherapy causes severe adverse effects, while offering minimal weight loss. Literature shows that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) modulates central reward pathways. Herein, we evaluated the effect of VU0409106, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mGluR5 in regulating feeding and obesity parameters. Diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice were treated for 14 days with VU0409106, and food intake, body weight, inflammatory/hormonal levels, and behavioral tests were performed. Our data suggest reduction of feeding, body weight, and adipose tissue inflammation in mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) after chronic treatment with VU0409106. Furthermore, a negative modulation of mGluR5 also reduces binge-like eating, the most common type of eating disorder. Altogether, our results pointed out mGluR5 as a potential target for treating obesity, as well as related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu P. D. Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno D. C. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruna S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos P. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton J. Reis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claudia N. Ferreira
- Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniele C. Aguiar
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline S. de Miranda
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erica M. L. Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - András Palotás
- Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Luciene B. Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Coker CR, Keller BN, Arnold AC, Silberman Y. Impact of High Fat Diet and Ethanol Consumption on Neurocircuitry Regulating Emotional Processing and Metabolic Function. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:601111. [PMID: 33574742 PMCID: PMC7870708 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatry disorders such as anxiety and depression has steadily increased in recent years in the United States. This increased risk for anxiety and depression is associated with excess weight gain, which is often due to over-consumption of western diets that are typically high in fat, as well as with binge eating disorders, which often overlap with overweight and obesity outcomes. This finding suggests that diet, particularly diets high in fat, may have important consequences on the neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing as well as metabolic functions. Depression and anxiety disorders are also often comorbid with alcohol and substance use disorders. It is well-characterized that many of the neurocircuits that become dysregulated by overconsumption of high fat foods are also involved in drug and alcohol use disorders, suggesting overlapping central dysfunction may be involved. Emerging preclinical data suggest that high fat diets may be an important contributor to increased susceptibility of binge drug and ethanol intake in animal models, suggesting diet could be an important aspect in the etiology of substance use disorders. Neuroinflammation in pivotal brain regions modulating metabolic function, food intake, and binge-like behaviors, such as the hypothalamus, mesolimbic dopamine circuits, and amygdala, may be a critical link between diet, ethanol, metabolic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions. This brief review will provide an overview of behavioral and physiological changes elicited by both diets high in fat and ethanol consumption, as well as some of their potential effects on neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Coker
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bailey N. Keller
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Amy C. Arnold
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Longitudinal Changes in Food Addiction Symptoms and Body Weight among Adults in a Behavioral Weight-Loss Program. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123687. [PMID: 33260468 PMCID: PMC7760227 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in food addiction (FA) has increased, but little is known about its clinical implications or potential treatments. Using secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the associations between changes in FA, body weight, and “problem food” consumption during a 22-month behavioral weight-loss program consisting of an initial four-month in-person intervention, 12-month extended-care, and six-month follow-up (n = 182). Food addiction was measured using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. “Problem foods” were identified from the literature and self-reporting. Multilevel modeling was used as the primary method of analysis. We hypothesized that reductions in problem food consumption during the initial treatment phase would be associated with long-term (22-month) FA reductions. As expected, we found that reductions in problem foods were associated with greater initial reductions in FA symptoms; however, they were also associated with a sharper rebound in symptoms over time (p = 0.016), resulting in no significant difference at Month 22 (p = 0.856). Next, we hypothesized that long-term changes in FA would be associated with long-term changes in body weight. Although both FA and weight decreased over time (ps < 0.05), month-to-month changes in FA were not associated with month-to-month changes in weight (p = 0.706). Instead, higher overall FA (i.e., mean scores over the course of the study) were associated with less weight loss (p = 0.008) over time. Finally, we hypothesized that initial reductions in problem food consumption would be associated with long-term reductions in weight, but this relationship was not significant (ps > 0.05). Given the complexity of the findings, more research is needed to identify interventions for long-term changes in FA and to elucidate the associations between problem foods, FA, and weight.
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No control and overwhelming cravings: Australian adults' perspectives on the experience of food addiction. Appetite 2020; 159:105054. [PMID: 33248192 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research in the area of food addiction is continuing to increase with recent reviews suggesting that food addiction is a distinctive condition that has many symptoms similar to substance use disorders. The current study explored the perspectives and experiences of Australian adults seeking treatment for addictive eating. Quantitative data for this study was collected via self-report questionnaires completed online, including demographics, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions about the individual experience of food addiction and perspectives regarding intervention and recovery. Interview data was available for 34 participants, with the majority (n = 33) being females who were overweight, (mean ± SD age = 42.9 ± 13.2 years, BMI=36.5 ± 6.8 kg/m2). Stress (19.9 ± 11.4 out of 21) and depression (16.8 ± 10.2 out of 21) were the most prominent negative emotional states. Thematic analysis identified two themes of compulsion and control. Compulsion distinguished the participants' experiences related to addictive eating behaviours, in particular the notion of craving. Control encompassed their perception of both the processes and outcomes of overcoming their addictive eating. The two themes identified were not mutually exclusive, and relationships between them and their influence on each other were observable. This study provides a unique contribution to understanding adults' experience of food addiction by highlighting the strong desire to be in control of eating behaviours, and the inability of participants to overcome their compulsions to eat specific food despite minimal anticipation of positive effect.
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Constant A, Moirand R, Thibault R, Val-Laillet D. Meeting of Minds around Food Addiction: Insights from Addiction Medicine, Nutrition, Psychology, and Neurosciences. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113564. [PMID: 33233694 PMCID: PMC7699750 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review, focused on food addiction (FA), considers opinions from specialists with different expertise in addiction medicine, nutrition, health psychology, and behavioral neurosciences. The concept of FA is a recurring issue in the clinical description of abnormal eating. Even though some tools have been developed to diagnose FA, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) questionnaire, the FA concept is not recognized as an eating disorder (ED) so far and is even not mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). Its triggering mechanisms and relationships with other substance use disorders (SUD) need to be further explored. Food addiction (FA) is frequent in the overweight or obese population, but it remains unclear whether it could articulate with obesity-related comorbidities. As there is currently no validated therapy against FA in obese patients, FA is often underdiagnosed and untreated, so that FA may partly explain failure of obesity treatment, addiction transfer, and weight regain after obesity surgery. Future studies should assess whether a dedicated management of FA is associated with better outcomes, especially after obesity surgery. For prevention and treatment purposes, it is necessary to promote a comprehensive psychological approach to FA. Understanding the developmental process of FA and identifying precociously some high-risk profiles can be achieved via the exploration of the environmental, emotional, and cognitive components of eating, as well as their relationships with emotion management, some personality traits, and internalized weight stigma. Under the light of behavioral neurosciences and neuroimaging, FA reveals a specific brain phenotype that is characterized by anomalies in the reward and inhibitory control processes. These anomalies are likely to disrupt the emotional, cognitive, and attentional spheres, but further research is needed to disentangle their complex relationship and overlap with obesity and other forms of SUD. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment must rely on a multidisciplinary coherence to adapt existing strategies to FA management and to provide social and emotional support to these patients suffering from highly stigmatized medical conditions, namely overweight and addiction. Multi-level interventions could combine motivational interviews, cognitive behavioral therapies, and self-help groups, while benefiting from modern exploratory and interventional tools to target specific neurocognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymery Constant
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- EHESP, School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité d’Addictologie, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Lacroix E, von Ranson KM. Lived Experience and Defining Addictive-Like Eating: a Synthesis of Qualitative Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Corbit L, Touyz S. Relating goal-directed behaviour to grazing in persons with obesity with and without eating disorder features. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:48. [PMID: 33014370 PMCID: PMC7528325 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both obesity and eating disorders (ED) have been associated with reductions in purposeful, flexible goal-directed behaviour, and with an overreliance on more rigid habitual behaviour. It is currently unknown whether grazing, an eating style which is common in both conditions, is related to goal-directed behaviour. The current study therefore aimed to relate grazing to goal-directed behaviour in a group of participants with obesity with and without ED features, compared to a healthy-weight control group. METHODS Participants (N = 87; 67.8% women, mean age 28.57 years), of whom 19 had obesity and significant eating disorder features, 25 had obesity but without marked eating disorder features, and 43 were age- and sex-matched healthy-weight controls, completed two instrumental learning tasks assessing action-outcome contingency sensitivity and devaluation sensitivity, as well as demographic and eating disorder-related questionnaires. Gamma and Ordinary Least Squares regressions were performed to examine the effect of group and grazing on goal-directed behaviour. RESULTS Lower action-outcome contingency sensitivity was found in the group with obesity and with eating disorder features than in the group with obesity but without eating disorder features or in healthy controls. No group differences in devaluation sensitivity were found. A small but significant relationship was found between grazing severity and contingency sensitivity in the group with obesity and eating disorder features, such that increasing grazing severity was associated with less diminished contingency sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS There is some indication that in persons with obesity and eating disorder features instrumental behaviour is less flexible and adaptive; furthermore, within this group grazing may represent a goal-directed behaviour, despite unhelpful long-term implications of grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea I. Heriseanu
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Level 3, Building M02F, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
- eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Campbelltown Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), PO Box 149, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Laura Corbit
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3 Canada
| | - Stephen Touyz
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Level 3, Building M02F, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
- Inside Out Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
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Lawson JL, Wiedemann AA, Carr MM, Kerrigan SG. Considering Food Addiction through a Cultural Lens. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:387-394. [PMID: 34336546 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors, however little is known about the relationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender and acculturation level; iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on our current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of sociocultural variables. Recent Findings Preliminary data suggest that food addiction symptoms occur cross-culturally, and that there may be significant differences between sociodemographic groups. Issues related to adequate lexicalization of concepts central to food addiction (e.g., craving, addiction) and global variations in eating culture and presentation of similar constructs (e.g. binge-eating) contribute to questions raised and identify avenues for further research. Summary Multidimensional cultural assessment is called for to characterize food addiction among diverse groups and improve our understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and sequelae of food addiction cross-culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lawson
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516.,Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Meagan M Carr
- Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
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Kircaburun K, Ünübol H, Sayar GH, Stavropoulos V, Griffiths MD. Measurement, prevalence, and psychological risk factors associated with addictive food consumption: Development of a new food addiction scale and evidence from a national largescale sample. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:836-852. [PMID: 32903203 PMCID: PMC8943666 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, a number of studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of addictive food consumption. However, these studies have mostly relied on models that comprised a narrow range of variables in often small and heterogenous samples. The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively examine the measurement aspects, the prevalence, and the psychological correlates of addictive eating among a largescale national sample of Turkish adults. METHOD Participants (N = 24,380, 50% men, Mage = 31.79 years, age range = 18-81 years) completed a battery of tests including the Food Addiction Risk Questionnaire (FARQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. RESULTS According to analyses conducted, the FARQ had a uni-dimensional factor structure. Based on Item Response Theory (IRT) calculated cut-off scores, 2.3% of the participants were at risk of addictive eating patterns, whilst criteria varied in their discriminating ability. The correlates of addictive food consumption were being male, being younger, having lower education, presenting with higher alcohol use, psychiatric symptoms, alexithymia, positive/negative affect, and anxious attachment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a minority of Turkish community are at risk for addictive food consumption and that adverse psychological states promote this problematic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagan Kircaburun
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK,Educational Sciences Department, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Hüseyin Ünübol
- Institute of Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökben H. Sayar
- Institute of Social Sciences, Clinical Psychology Department, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Den Ouden L, Tiego J, Lee RS, Albertella L, Greenwood LM, Fontenelle L, Yücel M, Segrave R. The role of Experiential Avoidance in transdiagnostic compulsive behavior: A structural model analysis. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106464. [PMID: 32428802 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compulsivity is recognized as a transdiagnostic phenotype, underlying a variety of addictive and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. However, current understanding of how it should be operationalized and the processes contributing to its development and maintenance is limited. The present study investigated if there was a relationship between the affective process Experiential Avoidance (EA), an unwillingness to tolerate negative internal experiences, and the frequency and severity of transdiagnostic compulsive behaviors. A large sample of adults (N = 469) completed online questionnaires measuring EA, psychological distress and the severity of seven obsessive-compulsive and addiction-related behaviors. Using structural equation modelling, results indicated a one-factor model of compulsivity was superior to the two-factor model (addictive- vs OCD-related behaviors). The effect of EA on compulsivity was fully mediated by psychological distress, which in turn had a strong direct effect on compulsivity. This suggests distress is a key mechanism in explaining why people with high EA are more prone to compulsive behaviors. The final model explained 41% of the variance in compulsivity, underscoring the importance of these constructs as likely risk and maintenance factors for compulsive behavior. Implications for designing effective psychological interventions for compulsivity are discussed.
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Cardoso TQ, Pereira CW, de Souza Costa T, da CostaLima MD. Translation and validation of the addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale from English to Portuguese in Brazil. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:113-121. [PMID: 32193994 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1724607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating addiction is an important condition related to obesity. The Addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS) was recently validated in English to evaluate addictive eating behaviors. To perform the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the AEBS scale to Portuguese to identify eating addictions in the Brazilian population. The AEBS translation, adaptation, and validation followed previously published criteria, including the steps of translation, back translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, and a pretest with 40 students. Subsequently, 150 students from the Medical School at the Recife Campus of the Federal University of Pernambuco were tested using the AEBS-Portuguese version (AEBS-p). Of these, 37 were evaluated a second time for a test-retest analysis. For data collection, 5 instruments were used: the AEBS-p, a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0)-Portuguese version, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and the Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The AEBS-p showed good reliability, based on a significant internal consistency value (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91), and good correlation in the test-retest evaluation. A committee of judges considered the content validity appropriate. Convergent validation was positive with the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p < 0.001). The AEBS-p showed a significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and significantly predicted variance in BMI that was accounted for by both the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p = 0.022). The AEBS-p demonstrated good reliability and validity for evaluating addictive eating behaviors in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Queiroz Cardoso
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - UFPE, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Tainah de Souza Costa
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, USP (University of São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brunault P, Berthoz S, Gearhardt AN, Gierski F, Kaladjian A, Bertin E, Tchernof A, Biertho L, de Luca A, Hankard R, Courtois R, Ballon N, Benzerouk F, Bégin C. The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Validation Among Non-Clinical and Clinical French-Speaking Samples and Comparison With the Full Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:480671. [PMID: 33033480 PMCID: PMC7509420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.480671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was designed to assess food addiction using a shorter version than the YFAS 2.0. We lack data about the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 in patients with obesity, as well as studies comparing the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 versus the full YFAS 2.0. This study aimed to validate the French-language mYFAS 2.0 in a non-clinical population (study 1, n = 250), to determine the yet unknown psychometric properties of this scale in patients with obesity (study 2, n = 345), and to compare the full YFAS 2.0 and the mYFAS 2.0 in terms of food addiction (FA) prevalence and symptoms detection in both populations. METHOD Study 1 included 250 non-clinical individuals (non-underweight and non-obese persons screened negative for eating disorders). Study 2 included 345 bariatric surgery candidates recruited in three centers (Québec, Canada; Reims and Tours, France). The mYFAS 2.0 structure was investigated using confirmatory factorial analyses with tetrachoric correlations. Convergent validity was tested using the full YFAS 2.0, the Binge Eating Scale (both studies), the revised 18-item Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (study 1), the Beck Depression Inventory (study 2), and the body mass index (BMI; both studies). RESULTS The mYFAS 2.0 was unidimensional, and had adequate (study 1: KR-20 = .78) and acceptable (study 2: KR-20 = .73) internal consistency. In study 1, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, BMI, binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating; in study 2, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, binge eating, depression, but not BMI. Participants endorsed fewer symptoms with the mYFAS 2.0 than with the YFAS 2.0; FA prevalences were similar between questionnaires in the non-clinical, but not in the clinical sample. A FA 'diagnosis' and risk of binge eating disorder were associated but did not completely overlap. CONCLUSIONS The mYFAS 2.0 has close psychometric properties to the YFAS 2.0 in non-clinical and clinical samples. However, the use of the mYFAS 2.0 in bariatric surgery candidates might lead to a significant underestimation of FA prevalence and number of FA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, Paris, France.,Département de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent et du Jeune Adulte, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fabien Gierski
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- CHU de Reims, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Reims, France
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud de Luca
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Robert Courtois
- Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CRIAVS, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France
| | - Farid Benzerouk
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective This study was conducted with 370 undergraduate students to investigate the relationship between food intake, food addiction and disordered eating behavior. Methods The Yale Food Addiction Scale, Eating Attitude Test-26 and Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to assess food addiction, disordered eating behavior and food intake. Results A positive weak correlation was found between the Yale Food Addiction Scale and daily energy, carbohydrate and fat intake (r=0.228, p<0.001; r=0.222, p<0.001; r=0.225, p<0.001 respectively) whereas a negative weak correlation was found between Eating Attitude Test-26 and daily energy and carbohydrate intake (r=-0.105, p=0.044; r=-0.116, p=0.025 respectively). Conclusion Food intake is associated with food addiction and disordered eating behaviour. Further research should be conducted with a larger population also examining body composition, exercises and financial situation of the individuals because all of these factors have an influence on the nutritional status and eating behavior as well.
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Abstract
The concept of food addiction is currently a highly debated subject within both the general public and the scientific communities. The term food addiction suggests that individuals may experience addictive-like responses to food, similar to those seen with classic substances of abuse. An increasing number of studies have established the prevalence and correlates of food addiction. Moreover, food addiction may be associated with obesity and disordered eating. Thus, intervening on food addiction may be helpful in the prevention and therapy of obesity and eating disorders. However, controversy exists about if this phenomenon is best defined through paradigms reflective of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) substance-related disorders (e.g. food addiction) or non-substance-related disorders (e.g. eating addiction) criteria. This review paper will give a brief summarisation of the current state of research on food addiction, a more precise definition of its classification, its differentiation from eating addiction and an overview on potential overlaps with eating disorders. Based on this review, there is evidence that food addiction may represent a distinct phenomenon from established eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Future studies are needed to further examine and establish orthogonal diagnostic criteria specific to food addiction. Such criteria must differentiate the patterns of eating and symptoms that may be similar to those of eating disorders to further characterise food addiction and develop therapy options. To date, it is too premature to draw conclusions about the clinical significance of the concept of food addiction.
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Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Polyzos SA, Katsinelos P, Grigoriadis N, Srivastava DS, Kountouras J. Rodent models of obesity. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2019; 45:243-263. [PMID: 31738033 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obese or overweight people exceed one-third of the global population and obesity along with diabetes mellitus consist basic components of metabolic syndrome, both of which are known cardio-cerebrovascular risk factors with detrimental consequences. These data signify the pandemic character of obesity and the necessity for effective treatments. Substantial advances have been accomplished in preclinical research of obesity by using animal models, which mimic the human disease. In particular, rodent models have been widely used for many decades with success for the elucidation of the pathophysiology of obesity, since they share physiological and genetic components with humans and appear advantageous in their husbandry. The most representative rodents include the laboratory mouse and rat. Within this review, we attempted to consolidate the most widely used mice and rat models of obesity and highlight their strengths as well as weaknesses in a critical way. Our aim was to bridge the gap between laboratory facilities and patient's bed and help the researcher find the appropriate animal model for his/her obesity research. This tactful selection of the appropriate model of obesity may offer more translational derived results. In this regard, we included, the main diet induced models, the chemical/mechanical ones, as well as a selection of monogenic or polygenic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland - .,Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- First Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David S Srivastava
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cella S, Cipriano A, Giardiello C, Cotrufo P. Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Interoceptive Awareness, Impulse Regulation, and Binge Eating. Path Analysis in Bariatric Surgery Candidates. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 16:213-220. [PMID: 34908958 PMCID: PMC8650187 DOI: 10.36131/clinicalnpsych2019050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigates the hypothesis that the effect of low self-esteem on binge eating in bariatric candidates was mediated by both difficulties in the perception of bodily signals and impulse regulation after accounting for gender, age, and body mass index. METHOD 59 preoperative patients (both male and female) were screened by means of self-report measures of self-esteem, interoceptive deficits, impulse dysregulation, and severity of binge eating. Results: Results indicated that all direct effects were significant, except for the self-esteem on impulse dysregulation and the interoceptive deficits on binge eating. Self-esteem had a significant indirect effect on impulse dysregulation mediated by interoceptive deficits. Impulse dysregulation, in turn, mediates the effect of interoceptive deficits on binge eating. Moreover, the path starting from self-esteem, going first to interoceptive deficits, then going via impulse regulation difficulties to binge eating was significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A potential underlying mechanism through which self-esteem is linked to binge eating has been suggested. Obese individuals who perceived themselves as inadequate may carry a stronger burden by the confusion and mistrust related to bodily functioning and, consequently, may act more impulsively, through binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Cotrufo
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31-81100, Caserta, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to examine different forms of disordered eating among individuals with excess weight, including their rates, correlates, and psychosocial treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Binge eating/binge eating disorder, loss of control eating, emotional eating, and food addiction are all fairly prevalent among individuals with excess weight. They appear to share many of the same correlates, including broader eating disorder psychopathology, body/shape/weight concerns, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and third-wave (e.g., acceptance, mindfulness) therapies appear effective in improving binge eating, loss of control eating, emotional eating, associated features (e.g., weight and shape concerns), and psychological distress (e.g., depression). Certain forms of disordered eating are elevated among individuals with excess weight, and psychosocial interventions have been found effective in improving symptomatology. Empirical research examining the efficacy of treatments for food addiction is lacking, and greatly needed given both its rate and controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Nightingale
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Stephanie E Cassin
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Cassin SE, Buchman DZ, Leung SE, Kantarovich K, Hawa A, Carter A, Sockalingam S. Ethical, Stigma, and Policy Implications of Food Addiction: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E710. [PMID: 30934743 PMCID: PMC6521112 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of food addiction has generated much controversy. In comparison to research examining the construct of food addiction and its validity, relatively little research has examined the broader implications of food addiction. The purpose of the current scoping review was to examine the potential ethical, stigma, and health policy implications of food addiction. Major themes were identified in the literature, and extensive overlap was identified between several of the themes. Ethics sub-themes related primarily to individual responsibility and included: (i) personal control, will power, and choice; and (ii) blame and weight bias. Stigma sub-themes included: (i) the impact on self-stigma and stigma from others, (ii) the differential impact of substance use disorder versus behavioral addiction on stigma, and (iii) the additive stigma of addiction plus obesity and/or eating disorder. Policy implications were broadly derived from comparisons to the tobacco industry and focused on addictive foods as opposed to food addiction. This scoping review underscored the need for increased awareness of food addiction and the role of the food industry, empirical research to identify specific hyperpalatable food substances, and policy interventions that are not simply extrapolated from tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Cassin
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Network - Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Daniel Z Buchman
- University of Toronto Joint Centre of Bioethics, 155 College Street, Suite 754, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada.
- Bioethics Program and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Samantha E Leung
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Network - Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Bariatric Surgery Program, University Health Network - Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, East Wing ⁻ 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Karin Kantarovich
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Network - Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Bariatric Surgery Program, University Health Network - Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, East Wing ⁻ 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Aceel Hawa
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Adrian Carter
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia.
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Network - Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Bariatric Surgery Program, University Health Network - Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, East Wing ⁻ 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
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Kakoschke N, Aarts E, Verdejo-García A. The Cognitive Drivers of Compulsive Eating Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:338. [PMID: 30705625 PMCID: PMC6344462 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsivity is a central feature of obsessive-compulsive and addictive disorders, which share considerable overlap with excessive eating in terms of repetitive behavior despite negative consequences. Excessive eating behavior is characteristic of several eating-related conditions, including eating disorders [bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED)], obesity, and food addiction (FA). Compulsivity is proposed to be driven by four distinct cognitive components, namely, contingency-related cognitive flexibility, task/attentional set-shifting, attentional bias/disengagement and habit learning. However, it is unclear whether repetitive behavior in eating-related conditions is underpinned by deficits in these cognitive components. The current mini-review synthesizes the available evidence for performance on compulsivity-related cognitive tasks for each cognitive domain among populations with excessive eating behavior. In three of the four cognitive domains, i.e., set-shifting, attentional bias and habit learning, findings were mixed. Evidence more strongly pointed towards impaired contingency-related cognitive flexibility only in obesity and attentional bias/disengagement deficits only in obesity and BED. Overall, the findings of the reviewed studies support the idea that compulsivity-related cognitive deficits are common across a spectrum of eating-related conditions, although evidence was inconsistent or lacking for some disorders. We discuss the theoretical and practical importance of these results, and their implications for our understanding of compulsivity in eating-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kakoschke
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Walø-Syversen G, Kvalem IL, Kristinsson J, Eribe IL, Rø Ø, Dahlgren CL. Executive Function, Eating Behavior, and Preoperative Weight Loss in Bariatric Surgery Candidates: An Observational Study. Obes Facts 2019; 12:489-501. [PMID: 31505516 PMCID: PMC6876589 DOI: 10.1159/000502118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in executive function may influence eating behavior, weight loss (WL), and WL maintenance in obesity treatment. Executive function, which designates top-down cognitive control processes, has been related to eating behaviors which may impact weight, and has been found to be predictive of WL in both behavioral WL programs and after bariatric surgery. Currently, we lack knowledge on the role of executive function in the period before bariatric surgery. If executive function impacts eating behavior and WL in the preoperative period, it may be a target for clinical attention in this stage. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the relationship between objective performance-based measures of executive function, eating patterns, and WL in the preoperative period. METHOD Baseline data in an ongoing observational longitudinal study of bariatric surgery patients were used. Eighty patients completed neuropsychological testing and self-report questionnaires 4 weeks prior to surgery. RESULTS We found that working memory predicted WL before surgery and inhibitory control predicted adherence to dietary recommendations. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that executive function may play a role in short-term WL and dietary adherence prior to surgery, suggesting that executive function in the preoperative period deserves an extended research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Walø-Syversen
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,
| | | | - Jon Kristinsson
- Centre for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger L Eribe
- Centre for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Rø
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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