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Smith MR, Bittner JMP, Loch LK, Haynes HE, Bloomer BF, Te-Vazquez J, Bowling AI, Brady SM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Chen KY, Yanovski JA, Cheon BK. Independent and Interactive Associations of Subjective and Objective Socioeconomic Status With Body Composition and Parent-Reported Hyperphagia Among Children. Child Obes 2023. [PMID: 37943608 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) and objective socioeconomic status (OSES) have been independently associated with body composition and eating behavior in children. While low OSES may constrain access to healthier foods, low SSES has been associated with increased preference for and motivation to consume higher energy foods and portions independent of OSES. Despite these distinct ways that OSES and SSES may affect children's eating behavior and adiposity, their joint contributions remain unclear. We investigated the independent and interactive associations of SSES and OSES with children's BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and caregiver-reported hyperphagia. Methods: Data were derived from the Children's Growth and Behavior Study, an ongoing observational study. Multiple linear regressions used child's SSES and OSES of the family as independent factors and modeled the statistical interaction of SSES and OSES with BMI (n = 128), FMI (n = 122), and hyperphagia and its subscales (n = 76) as dependent variables. Results: SSES was independently and negatively associated with hyperphagia severity and OSES was independently and negatively associated with both FMI and hyperphagia severity. There was a statistical interaction effect of SSES and OSES on hyperphagia severity-lower SSES was associated with greater hyperphagia severity only at lower levels of OSES. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a relationship between low OSES and child adiposity and that the relationship between child SSES and hyperphagia severity may be most relevant for children from households with lower family OSES. Future research on socioeconomic disparities in children's body composition and eating behaviors should examine the interaction of SSES and OSES. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02390765.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meegan R Smith
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia M P Bittner
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucy K Loch
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah E Haynes
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bess F Bloomer
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Te-Vazquez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea I Bowling
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bobby K Cheon
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Richardson AS, Collins RL, Burns RM, Cantor J, Siddiqi SM, Dubowitz T. Police Bias and Low Relatability and Diet Quality: Examining the Importance of Psychosocial Factors in Predominantly Black Communities. J Urban Health 2023; 100:924-936. [PMID: 37792250 PMCID: PMC10618126 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
How police bias and low relatability may contribute to poor dietary quality is poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 2021 from a cohort of n = 724 adults living in predominantly Black communities in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; these adults were mostly Black (90.6%), low-income (median household income $17,500), and women (79.3%). We estimated direct and indirect paths between police mistrust and dietary quality (measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015) through perceived stress, community connectedness, and subjective social status. Dietary quality was poor (mean HEI-2015 score was 50) and mistrust of police was high: 78% of participants either agreed or strongly agreed that something they say might be interpreted as criminal by the police due to their race/ethnicity. Police bias and low relatability was associated with lower perceived social status [Formula: see text]= - 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: - 0.05, - 0.01). Police bias and low relatability was marginally associated with low dietary quality β = - 0.14 (95% CI: - 0.29, 0.02). Nineteen percent of the total association between police bias and low relatability and lower dietary quality β = - 0.16 (- 0.01, - 0.31) was explained by an indirect association through lower community connectedness, or how close respondents felt with their community [Formula: see text] Police bias and low relatability may play a role in community connection, social status, and ultimately dietary disparities for Black Americans. Addressing police bias and low relatability is a continuing and pressing public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Richardson
- Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Collins
- Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Rachel M Burns
- Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Economics, Statistics, and Sociology, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan Cantor
- Department of Economics, Statistics, and Sociology, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Sameer M Siddiqi
- Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Tamara Dubowitz
- Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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3
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Langfield T, Clarke K, Marty L, Jones A, Robinson E. Socioeconomic position and the influence of food portion size on daily energy intake in adult females: two randomized controlled trials. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:53. [PMID: 37101143 PMCID: PMC10134633 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing portion sizes of commercially available foods could be an effective public health strategy to reduce population energy intake, but recent research suggests that the effect portion size has on energy intake may differ based on socioeconomic position (SEP). OBJECTIVE We tested whether the effect of reducing food portion sizes on daily energy intake differed based on SEP. METHODS Participants were served either smaller or larger portions of food at lunch and evening meals (N = 50; Study 1) and breakfast, lunch and evening meals (N = 46; Study 2) in the laboratory on two separate days, in repeated-measures designs. The primary outcome was total daily energy intake (kcal). Participant recruitment was stratified by primary indicators of SEP; highest educational qualification (Study 1) and subjective social status (Study 2), and randomisation to the order portion sizes were served was stratified by SEP. Secondary indicators of SEP in both studies included household income, self-reported childhood financial hardship and a measure accounting for total years in education. RESULTS In both studies, smaller (vs larger) meal portions led to a reduction in daily energy intake (ps < .02). Smaller portions resulted in a reduction of 235 kcal per day (95% CI: 134, 336) in Study 1 and 143 kcal per day (95% CI: 24, 263) in Study 2. There was no evidence in either study that effects of portion size on energy intake differed by SEP. Results were consistent when examining effects on portion-manipulated meal (as opposed to daily) energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Reducing meal portion sizes could be an effective way to reduce overall daily energy intake and contrary to other suggestions it may be a socioeconomically equitable approach to improving diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION These trials were registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov as NCT05173376 and NCT05399836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Langfield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Clarke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lucile Marty
- Centre Des Sciences Du Goût Et de L'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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4
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Rahal D, Chiang JJ, Huynh VW, Bower JE, McCreath H, Fuligni AJ. Low subjective social status is associated with daily selection of fewer healthy foods and more high-fat/high sugar foods. Appetite 2023; 180:106338. [PMID: 36210016 PMCID: PMC10479967 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status has been related to poorer eating behaviors, potentially due to feeling of lower status relative to peers. Despite experimental evidence that temporarily feeling of lower status can contribute to greater caloric intake, it remains unclear how feeling of lower social status relate to eating behavior in daily life. This study aimed to test whether lower subjective social status (SSS)-the feeling of having relatively lower social status-in American society and relative to college peers were related to daily food selection. A sample of 131 young adults (Mage = 20.3, SD = 0.8; 60% female; 46% Latinos; 34% European American; 15% Asian American; 5% of other ethnicities) reported their SSS in society and in college and completed 15 daily reports regarding the number of daily servings they had of fruits, vegetables, fried foods, fast foods, desserts, and sugary drinks. Multilevel models with days nested within individuals were used to test whether low SSS in society or college related to daily food intake. Next, we examined whether associations were driven by young adults' perceived stress and daily stressors. Analyses controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, family and personal income, and parents' education to test the unique associations between subjective status and food intake. Whereas SSS in society was not related to food intake, young adults with lower SSS in their college consumed fewer daily servings of healthy foods and more daily servings of high-fat/high-sugar foods. Although lower college SSS was related to greater perceived stress, perceived stress and daily stressors were consistently unrelated to daily food intake. Findings suggested that lower SSS in local environments (e.g., college) may impact young adults' daily food choices through processes beyond heightened stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Jessica J Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Virginia W Huynh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather McCreath
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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König LM, Van Emmenis M, Nurmi J, Kassavou A, Sutton S. Characteristics of smartphone-based dietary assessment tools: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 16:526-550. [PMID: 34875978 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.2016066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones have become popular in assessing eating behaviour in real-life and real-time. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of smartphone-based dietary assessment tools, focusing on how dietary data is assessed and its completeness ensured. Seven databases from behavioural, social and computer science were searched in March 2020. All observational, experimental or intervention studies and study protocols using a smartphone-based assessment tool for dietary intake were included if they reported data collected by adults and were published in English. Out of 21,722 records initially screened, 117 publications using 129 tools were included. Five core assessment features were identified: photo-based assessment (48.8% of tools), assessed serving/ portion sizes (48.8%), free-text descriptions of food intake (42.6%), food databases (30.2%), and classification systems (27.9%). On average, a tool used two features. The majority of studies did not implement any features to improve completeness of the records. This review provides a comprehensive overview and framework of smartphone-based dietary assessment tools to help researchers identify suitable assessment tools for their studies. Future research needs to address the potential impact of specific dietary assessment methods on data quality and participants' willingness to record their behaviour to ultimately improve the quality of smartphone-based dietary assessment for health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M König
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany.,Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miranda Van Emmenis
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna Nurmi
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aikaterini Kassavou
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Langfield T, Jones A, Robinson E. The impact of increasing the availability of lower energy foods for home delivery and socio-economic position: a randomised control trial examining effects on meal energy intake and later energy intake. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 35912671 PMCID: PMC10011593 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the availability of lower energy food options is a promising public health approach. However, it is unclear the extent to which availability interventions may result in consumers later 'compensating' for reductions in energy intake caused by selecting lower energy food options and to what extent these effects may differ based on socio-economic position (SEP). Our objective was to examine the impact of increasing availability of lower energy meal options on immediate meal energy intake and subsequent energy intake in participants of higher v. lower SEP. In a within-subjects design, seventy-seven UK adults ordered meals from a supermarket ready meal menu with standard (30 %) and increased (70 %) availability of lower energy options. The meals were delivered to be consumed at home, with meal intake measured using the Digital Photography of Foods Method. Post-meal compensation was measured using food diaries to determine self-reported energy intake after the meal and the next day. Participants consumed significantly less energy (196 kcal (820 kJ), 95 % CI 138, 252) from the menu with increased availability of lower energy options v. the standard availability menu (P < 0·001). There was no statistically significant evidence that this reduction in energy intake was substantially compensated for (33 % compensated, P = 0·57). The effects of increasing availability of lower energy food items were similar in participants from lower and higher SEP. Increasing the availability of lower energy food options is likely to be an effective and equitable approach to reducing energy intake which may contribute to improving diet and population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Langfield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZA, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZA, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZA, UK
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7
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Cheon BK, Lee LL. Subjective socioeconomic disadvantage is indirectly associated with food portion selection through perceived disruption of personal resources during a nationwide COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Appetite 2022; 178:106158. [PMID: 35780937 PMCID: PMC9245368 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its public health implications, the global COVID-19 pandemic has also produced significant disruptions to individuals' socioeconomic resources and opportunities. Prior research has suggested that low subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) may stimulate appetite and motivate increased energy intake. Here, we tested whether individuals experiencing lower levels of SSES (SSES disadvantage) during a nationwide stay-at-home order for COVID-19 exhibited preferences for larger food portion sizes through perceived disruptions to personal financial and material resources. Data was collected near the conclusion of a nationwide partial lockdown (Singapore's “Circuit-Breaker” from April to June 2020). Participants (N = 295) completed an online survey involving a measure of SSES, the Coronavirus Impacts Questionnaire, and a food portion selection task where participants estimated the portion size they prefer to consume for a range of common foods. SSES disadvantage was associated with selection of smaller average portion sizes. Yet, a significant indirect effect of coronavirus impact was observed in this relationship, such that participants experiencing greater SSES disadvantage selected larger portion sizes through the effect of greater perceived impacts of COVID-19 to one's financial/material resources (controlling for one's actual level of income). These findings further support the idea that perceived deprivation and insecurity of important resources (financial, social, material) may influence intentions to consume greater amounts of energy. Consequently, systematic societal disruptions to such resources may reinforce and perpetuate potentially obesogenic eating behaviors of populations that are especially vulnerable to such shocks (i.e., people experiencing SSES disadvantage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby K Cheon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Li Ling Lee
- School of Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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8
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Kraft P, Kraft B, Hagen T, Espeseth T. Subjective Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Abilities, and Personal Control: Associations With Health Behaviours. Front Psychol 2022; 12:784758. [PMID: 35153907 PMCID: PMC8831894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo examine subjective and objective socioeconomic status (SSES and OSES, respectively) as predictors, cognitive abilities as confounders, and personal control perceptions as mediators of health behaviours.DesignA cross-sectional study including 197 participants aged 30–50 years, recruited from the crowd-working platform, Prolific.Main Outcome MeasureThe Good Health Practices Scale, a 16-item inventory of health behaviours.ResultsSSES was the most important predictor of health behaviours (beta = 0.19, p < 0.01). Among the OSES indicators, education (beta = 0.16, p < 0.05), but not income, predicted health behaviours. Intelligence (r = −0.16, p < 0.05) and memory (r = −0.22, p < 0.01) were negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviours, and the effect of memory was upheld in the multivariate model (beta = −0.17, p < 0.05). Personal control perceptions (mastery and constraints) did not act as mediators.ConclusionSSES predicted health behaviours beyond OSES. The effect of socioeconomic indicators was not confounded by cognitive abilities. Surprisingly, cognitive abilities were negatively associated with health-promoting behaviours. Future research should emphasise SSES as a predictor of health behaviours. Delineating the psychological mechanisms linking SSES with health behaviours would be a valuable contribution toward improved understanding of socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Pål Kraft,
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Hagen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Subjective Social Status Is Associated with Dysregulated Eating Behaviors and Greater Body Mass Index in an Urban Predominantly Black and Low-Income Sample. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113893. [PMID: 34836146 PMCID: PMC8621735 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Higher subjective social status (SSS) or a person’s perception of their social standing is related to better health outcomes, but few studies examined SSS in relation to obesity. Emotional eating and food addiction have been linked to obesity. Some studies indicated that manipulating SSS may lead to altered food intake, but the relationship between SSS and dysregulated eating, such as emotional eating and food addiction (FA), has not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between SSS in the community and the larger society, dysregulated eating (emotional eating and FA), and body mass index (BMI) in a majority racial minority sample. Methods: The participants (N = 89; 93% Black, 86% women, and 56% with obesity; 72% income lower than USD 2000), recruited from a publicly funded hospital in Atlanta, GA, completed the MacArthur Scale, Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, PTSD Symptom Checklist, and demographics questionnaire. Results: Twenty-two percent of the sample met the criteria for FA; those with FA had significantly higher BMI than those without (p = 0.018). In the hierarchical linear regression, the SSS community (but not in society) predicted higher severity of emotional eating (β = 0.26, p = 0.029) and FA (β = 0.30, p = 0.029), and higher BMI (β = 0.28, p = 0.046), independent from depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, among Black individuals with predominantly low income in the U.S., perceived role in their community is associated with eating patterns and body mass. Given the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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10
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Kraft P, Kraft B. Explaining socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours: A review of biopsychological pathways involving stress and inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:689-708. [PMID: 34048858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to explore how individuals' position in a socioeconomic hierarchy is related to health behaviours that are related to socioeconomic disparities in health. We identified research which shows that: (a) low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with living in harsh environments, (b) harsh environments are related to increased levels of stress and inflammation, (c) stress and inflammation impact neural systems involved in self-control by sensitising the impulsive system and desensitising the reflective system, (d) the effects are inflated valuations of small immediate rewards and deflated valuations of larger delayed rewards, (e) these effects are observed as increased delay discounting, and (f) delay discounting is positively associated with practicing more unhealthy behaviours. The results are discussed within an adaptive evolutionary framework which lays out how the stress response system, and its interaction with the immune system and brain systems for decision-making and behaviours, provides the biopsychological mechanisms and regulatory shifts that make widespread conditional adaptability possible. Consequences for policy work, interventions, and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Bjørknes University College, Lovisenberggata 13, 0456, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P. O. Box 23 Vinderen, 0319, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Cardel MI, Pavela G, Janicke D, Huo T, Miller D, Lee AM, Gurka MJ, Dhurandhar E, Peters JC, Caldwell AE, Krause E, Fernandez A, Allison DB. Experimentally Manipulated Low Social Status and Food Insecurity Alter Eating Behavior Among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2010-2019. [PMID: 33150744 PMCID: PMC7653825 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized trial experimentally manipulated social status to assess effects on acute eating behavior and 24-hour energy balance. METHODS Participants (n = 133 Hispanics; age 15-21 years; 60.2% females) were randomized to low social status ("LOW") or high social status ("HIGH") conditions in a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.). Acute energy intake in a lunchtime meal was measured by food scales. Twenty-four-hour energy balance was assessed via summation of resting metabolic rate (metabolic cart), physical activity energy expenditure (accelerometer), thermic effect of food, and subtraction of twenty-four-hour energy intake (food diary). RESULTS In the total sample, no significant differences were observed by study condition at lunchtime. LOW females consumed a greater percent of lunchtime daily energy needs (37.5%) relative to HIGH females (34.3%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). In males, however, LOW consumed significantly less (36.5%) of their daily energy needs relative to HIGH males (45.8%; P = 0.001). For 24-hour energy balance, sex differences were nearly significant (P = 0.057; LOW females: surplus +200 kcal; HIGH males: surplus +445 kcal). Food-insecure individuals consumed a nearly significant greater lunchtime percent daily energy than those with food security (40.7% vs. 36.3%; P = 0.0797). CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate differential acute and 24-hour eating behavior responses between Hispanic male and female adolescents in experimentally manipulated conditions of low social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Greg Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - David Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Darci Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Alexandra M. Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Matthew J. Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Emily Dhurandhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Box 43011, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - John C. Peters
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, PO Box 6511-MS 8106, 12801 East 17 Ave, RC1 South RM 7103, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, PO Box 6511-MS 8106, 12801 East 17 Ave, RC1 South RM 7103, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Eric Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, PO Box 100487, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, Rm. 1307, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, 94110
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 East 7 Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN, 47405
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Lim EX, Forde CG, Cheon BK. Low subjective socioeconomic status alters taste-based perceptual sensitivity to the energy density of beverages. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112989. [PMID: 32502527 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased consumption of energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Recent findings suggest that the mere perception of having lower subjective SES (SSES) compared to others was sufficient to elicit heightened preferences and consumption of higher energy foods and meals. This increased drive for energy intake associated with low SSES may be accompanied by heightened perceptual sensitivity to the presence of energy in foods, which may aid discrimination and selection of energy-dense foods. The present study tested this prediction by investigating whether acute experiences of low SSES may produce subsequent shifts in perceptual sensitivity to the energy density of beverages. Participants performed two taste tests on 6 iced tea beverages that varied in energy density prior to (at baseline) and after an experimental SSES manipulation. There were no differences in general frequency of ice tea consumption across the SSES conditions. Results revealed that participants were better at perceiving beverages that were higher in energy to be more energy dense following the low SSES manipulation (compared to baseline evaluations). By contrast, participants in the high SSES and neutral control conditions exhibited no overall consistent change in sensitivity to perceived energy density across the beverages following the manipulation. Additionally, no effects of SSES manipulation were observed for rated palatability of the beverages. These findings demonstrate that subjective experiences of having inadequate socioeconomic resources may produce taste-based perceptual shifts that increase sensitivity to the presence of energy in foods, potentially through heightened attentiveness to or expectations of sensory characteristics that signal energy (i.e., sweetness, texture). Such perceptual shifts may have been adaptive for facilitating the discrimination and selection of energy-dense foods in the face of resource insecurity. Importantly, this study suggests that merely perceiving a socioeconomic disadvantage may enhance identification and consumption of energy-dense foods and beverages, which may represent a psychosocial process that contributes to socioeconomic disparities in consumption of energy dense foods, and may be operational via heightened perceptual sensitivity to sensory cues associated with the presence of energy in the consumed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth X Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Address: 14 Medical Drive, S(117599)
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Address: 14 Medical Drive, S(117599); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bobby K Cheon
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Address: 14 Medical Drive, S(117599); School Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Pavela G, Allison DB, Cardel MI. A sweeping highlight of the literature examining social status, eating behavior, and obesity. Appetite 2019; 132:205-207. [PMID: 30470510 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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