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Kumar N, Thorat ST, Gite A, Patole PB. Synergistic effect of nickel and temperature on gene expression, multiple stress markers, and depuration: an acute toxicity in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123729-123750. [PMID: 37991621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals are prone to extinction due to metal pollution and global climate change. Even though the fish and their products are also unsafe for human consumption, their exports have been rejected due to inorganic and organic contaminants. Nickel (Ni) is a metal that induces toxicity and accumulates in the aquatic ecosystem, posing health threats to humans, animals, and fish. In light of the above, our present investigation aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (96 h-LC50) of nickel alone and concurrent with high temperature (34 °C) (Ni + T) using static non-renewable bioassay toxicity test in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The groups treated under exposure to Ni reared under control condition (25-28.9 °C) and Ni + T exposure group reread under 34 °C. In this study, chose the definitive dose of Ni and Ni + T as 17, 18, 19, and 20 mg L-1 after the range finding test. The median lethal concentration of Ni and Ni + T was determined as 19.38 and 18.75 mg L-1, respectively at 96 h. Oxidative stress viz. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver, gill, and kidney were noticeably elevated with Ni and Ni + T during 96 h. Whereas, the CAT, GPx, and SOD gene expressions were significantly upregulated with Ni and Ni + T. Trilox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing anti-oxidant capacity (CUPRIC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) were reduced due to exposure to Ni and Ni + T. Cellular metabolic stress and lipid peroxidation were highly affected due to Ni and Ni + T exposure. The immunological status, as indicated by total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), was severely affected by the toxicity of Ni and Ni + T. Moreover, the gene expression of interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), toll-like receptor (TLR), and total immunoglobulin (Ig) was remarkably downregulated following exposure to Ni and Ni + T. HSP 70, iNOS expression, ATPase, Na + /K + -ATPase, cortisol, and blood glucose was significantly elevated with Ni and Ni + T in P. hypophthalmus. The bioaccumulation of Ni in fish tissues and experimental water was determined. The kidney and liver tissues were highly accumulated with Ni, whereas DNA damage was reported in gill tissue. Interestingly, depuration study revealed that at the 28th day, the Ni bioaccumulation was below the maximum residue limit (MRL) level. Therefore, the present study revealed that Ni and Ni + T led to dysfunctional gene and metabolic regulation affecting physiology and genotoxicity. The bioaccumulation and depuration results also indicate higher residual occurrence of Ni in water and aquatic organisms for longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune-413115, India.
| | - Supriya T Thorat
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune-413115, India
| | - Archana Gite
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune-413115, India
| | - Pooja B Patole
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune-413115, India
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Bakiu R, Pacchini S, Piva E, Schumann S, Tolomeo AM, Ferro D, Irato P, Santovito G. Metallothionein Expression as a Physiological Response against Metal Toxicity in the Striped Rockcod Trematomus hansoni. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12799. [PMID: 36361591 PMCID: PMC9657541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal bioaccumulation and metallothionein (MT) expression were investigated in the gills and liver of the red-blooded Antarctic teleost Trematomus hansoni to evaluate the possibility for this species to face, with adequate physiological responses, an increase of copper and cadmium concentrations in its tissues. Specimens of this Antarctic fish were collected from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) and used for a metal exposure experiment in controlled laboratory conditions. The two treatments led to a significant accumulation of both metals and increased gene transcription only for the MT-1. The biosynthesis of MTs was verified especially in specimens exposed to Cd, but most of these proteins were soon oxidized, probably because they were involved in cell protection against oxidative stress risk by scavenging reactive oxygen species. The obtained data highlighted the phenotypic plasticity of T. hansoni, a species that evolved in an environment characterized by naturally high concentrations of Cu and Cd, and maybe the possibility for the Antarctic fish to face the challenges of a world that is becoming more toxic every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Sara Pacchini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Piva
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Sophia Schumann
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Ferro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Li M, Kong Y, Wu X, Yin Z, Niu X, Wang G. Dietary α-lipoic acid can alleviate the bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation induced by lead (Pb) in Channa argus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:249-261. [PMID: 34653663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in Channa argus after 28 d of lead (Pb) exposure. A total of 300 fish were divided into five groups: the first group was the control group and the other four groups were exposed to waterborne Pb (800 ppb) and fed α-LA diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that dietary α-LA effectively reduced the Pb accumulation in the liver, kidney, gill, intestine, and muscle of C. argus after exposure to Pb. Meanwhile, dietary α-LA reversed alterations in the biochemical parameters (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol (COR), and creatinine (CRE)) and immunity parameters (myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LYS), complement 4 (C4), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) in the serum of fish caused by Pb. Pb-induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities (Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) was inhibited by dietary α-LA. And malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content exhibited an opposite trend. Meanwhile, dietary supplemented with α-LA was found to relieve Pb-induced oxidative stress by downregulating Keap1 mRNA expression levels and upregulating the expression levels of CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), GSH-Px, and Cu/Zn SOD. Furthermore, α-LA supplementation reversed Pb-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)), Pro-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), caspase (Cas)-3, and tumor protein p53 (p53)) and Hsp70, and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)) and anti-apoptosis gene (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)). Overall, dietary α-LA supplementation could enhance the innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of fish, attenuating the Pb accumulation, and cell apoptosis after being exposed to Pb. Furthermore, dietary α-LA could relieve Pb-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress of fish via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Morris C, O'Donnell MJ. Vacuolar H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase energize Na+ uptake mechanisms in the nuchal organ of the hyperregulating freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:269112. [PMID: 34115859 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nuchal organ of the embryos and neonates of the cladoceran, Daphnia magna, has been shown to be a site of Na+ influx and H+, NH4+ and Cl- efflux. This study combines the scanning ion-selective electrode technique with application of inhibitors of specific transporters to assess the mechanisms of Na+ transport across the nuchal organ. Na+ influx across the nuchal organ was inhibited both by inhibitors of the Na+/K+-ATPase (ouabain, bufalin) and by inhibitors of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (bafilomycin, N-ethylmaleimde, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, KM91104, S-nitrosoglutathione). Na+ influx was unaffected by the epithelial Na+ channel blocker benzamil, but was sensitive to ethylisopropyl amiloride and elevated external ammonium concentrations, consistent with roles for Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchangers in the apical membrane but not Na+ channels. Transport across the basolateral membrane into the haemolymph is proposed to involve the Na+/K+-ATPase and a thiazide-sensitive Na+/Cl- cotransporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Morris
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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Shekh K, Saeed H, Kodzhahinchev V, Brinkmann M, Hecker M, Niyogi S. Differences in the subcellular distribution of cadmium and copper in the gills and liver of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129142. [PMID: 33291014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are more resistant to cadmium (Cd) compared to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), whereas they are more sensitive than rainbow trout when exposed to copper (Cu). Differences in the subcellular distribution of metals among species could be one of the factors responsible for the differences in the sensitivity to metals. Although, subcellular distribution has been studied extensively in many species with many metals, its direct role in species-specific differences in the sensitivity has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of subcellular distribution of metals in species-specific differences in the sensitivity to metals between sturgeon and trout. We compared the subcellular distribution of metals Cd and Cu in the cellular debris, heat-stable proteins, heat-denatured fraction, metal-rich granules, and organelles fractions from the gills and liver after exposure of juveniles of both species to 1.25 and 20 μg/L Cd and Cu for 8 days, respectively. Sturgeon diverted a higher amount of Cd towards biologically inactive metal pool (BIM) and a lower amount towards the biologically active metal pool (BAM) compared to trout in both tissues. This explained why sturgeon are able to tolerate a relatively higher exposure level to Cd compared to trout. For Cu, there was no statistically significant species-specific differences in the amounts diverted towards either BAM or BIM; hence, white sturgeon's greater sensitivity to Cu was not explained by its subcellular distribution strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Huzaifa Saeed
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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6
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Morris C, Sakarya M, Koh O, O'Donnell M. Alterations in Hemolymph Ion Concentrations and pH in Adult Daphnia magna in Response to Elevations in Major Ion Concentrations in Freshwater. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:366-379. [PMID: 33136295 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increases in the concentrations of major ions (Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cl- ) in freshwater are a growing concern for ecosystem health. These increases may originate from anthropogenic activities such as road deicing, fracking spills, mining, and fertilizer application and have detrimental effects on freshwater organisms through disturbances in ionoregulation and acid-base balance. The cladoceran Daphnia magna is adapted for active ion uptake and reduction of ion loss to maintain osmotic balance, but alterations in ionic composition of the environmental water are associated with toxicity. In the present study, hemolymph ion concentrations were measured using ion-selective microelectrode techniques. Increases in the hemolymph concentrations of Na+ and K+ correspond to elevations in the concentrations of these ions in ambient water. Water concentrations associated with sustained increases in hemolymph ion concentrations correlate well with median lethal concentration values from previous toxicology studies, indicating that Na+ and K+ concentrations in hemolymph may predict toxicity. When water K+ concentration is increased, a simultaneous increase in water Na+ concentration mitigates the increase in hemolymph K+ concentration, a finding which is consistent with the reported mitigation of K+ toxicity by Na+ . When ambient concentrations of K+ , Na+ , and Cl- are increased, not only is there a rise in hemolymph ion concentration but hemolymph pH is altered and pH regulation appears to be prioritized over regulation of hemolymph Na+ , K+ , and Cl- in D. magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:366-379. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Morris
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Sakarya
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Odelia Koh
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Morris C, O'Donnell M. Multiple functions of ion transport by the nuchal organ in embryos and neonates of the freshwater branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.211128. [PMID: 31645374 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.211128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuchal organ, also referred to as the dorsal organ or neck organ, is a dorsal structure located posteriorly to the compound eye, between the bases of the second antennae of embryonic and neonate branchiopod crustaceans such as the water flea, Daphnia magna The ultrastructure of the nuchal organ is similar to ion-transporting tissues in other crustaceans, including abundant mitochondria and extensive amplification of apical and basal plasma membranes through microvilli and infoldings, but direct evidence for ion transport is lacking. We used the scanning ion-selective electrode technique to measure transport of Na+, K+, H+, Cl-, NH4 + and Ca2+ across the nuchal organ and body surface of embryos and neonates bathed in dechlorinated Hamilton tap water. Influx of Na+ and efflux of H+ and NH4 + was found to occur across the nuchal organ of both embryos and neonates. We propose that the efflux of K+ and Cl- across the nuchal organ in embryos is related to the expansion of the haemocoel and release of intracellular solutes into the extracellular space during development. K+ is taken up across the nuchal organ later during development, coincident with expansion of the intracellular compartment through the development of gills and other organs. Ca2+ influx across the nuchal organ and body surface of neonates but not embryos is presumably related to calcification of the exoskeleton. Increases in the levels of Na+ and Ca2+ in the water within the brood chamber suggest maternal provisioning of ions for uptake by the embryos. Our data thus support roles for the nuchal organ in ionoregulation, pH regulation and nitrogenous waste excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Morris
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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Le Croizier G, Lacroix C, Artigaud S, Le Floch S, Munaron JM, Raffray J, Penicaud V, Rouget ML, Laë R, Tito De Morais L. Metal subcellular partitioning determines excretion pathways and sensitivity to cadmium toxicity in two marine fish species. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:754-762. [PMID: 30448755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular cadmium (Cd) partitioning was investigated in the liver of two marine fish species, the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis, dietary exposed to an environmentally realistic Cd dose for two months followed by a two-month depuration. The two species displayed different handling strategies during the depuration period. Cd was largely bound to detoxifying fractions such as heat stable proteins (HSP) including metallothioneins (MT) in sea bass, while Cd was more linked to sensitive fractions such as organelles in sole. Whole liver concentrations and subcellular partitioning were also determined for essential elements. The greatest impairment of essential metal homeostasis due to Cd exposure was found in sole. These elements followed the Cd partitioning pattern, suggesting that they are involved in antioxidant responses against Cd toxicity. Cd consumption diminished sole growth in terms of body weight, probably due to lipid storage impairment. The contrasting partitioning patterns showed by the two species might imply different pathways for Cd elimination from the liver. In sea bass, MT-bound Cd would be excreted through bile or released into blood, crossing the cell membrane via a protein transporter. In sole, MRG-bound Cd would be sequestered by organelles before being released into the blood via vesicular exocytosis. These distinct strategies in cellular Cd handling in the liver might account for differential sensitivity to Cd toxicity and differential Cd excretion pathways between the two marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Le Croizier
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Artigaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Marie Munaron
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Raffray
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Virginie Penicaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Marie-Laure Rouget
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS UMS 3113, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Raymond Laë
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Luis Tito De Morais
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Abdalla RP, Kida BMS, Pinheiro JPS, Oliveira LF, Martinez CBF, Moreira RG. Exposure to aluminum, aluminum + manganese and acid pH triggers different antioxidant responses in gills and liver of Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) males. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:33-40. [PMID: 30315923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to aluminum (Al) and aluminum + manganese (Mn) can trigger an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modify the activity of oxidative defense enzymes. This study investigated whether exposure to Al and Al + Mn at acid pH for 24 and 96 h causes oxidative stress evidenced by antioxidants and oxidative damage in the gills and liver of sexually mature Astyanax altiparanae males. The fish were subsequently immersed in metal-free water for 24 and 96 h to see whether they recovered from the effects of these metals. Exposure to an acid pH boosted the activity of gill superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 96 h and the fish did not recover when immersed for the same period in water at neutral pH. Exposure to Al increased glutathione (GSH) levels (24 h) in the gills, returning to control levels during the recovery period, showing the efficiency of the antioxidant system in preventing lipid peroxidation of the gills and liver. Mn did not modify the activity of the enzymes studied, but did trigger late hepatic lipid peroxidation during the recovery period. The group exposed to Al + Mn exhibited several alterations, including increased concentration of GSH, as well as higher GPx and GR activity in the gills. Despite the defensive responses triggered by acute exposure, during the recovery period there were alterations in catalase (96 h) and an increase in hepatic metallothionein (24 h), but this did not prevent hepatic lipid peroxidation. Al and Al + Mn produced different effects, and the timing of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses also differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Abdalla
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n.321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - B M S Kida
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n.321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J P S Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n.321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C B F Martinez
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R G Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n.321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Kim JH, Kang JC. Effects of dietary chromium exposure to rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii are ameliorated by ascorbic acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:109-115. [PMID: 28126627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegelii (mean length 10.8±1.4cm, and mean weight 31.7±3.6g) were exposed for 4 weeks with the different levels of dietary chromium (Cr6+) at 0, 120 and 240mg/L and ascorbic acids (AsA) at 100, 200 and 400mg/L. Significant accumulation occurred in specific tissues and hematological parameters were altered: red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin increased; plasma components were altered including calcium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, glutamic oxalate transaminase, and glutamic pyruvate transaminase. However, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were unchanged. Ascorbic acids reduced both chromium uptake into tissues and altered hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
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11
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Blewett TA, Leonard EM. Mechanisms of nickel toxicity to fish and invertebrates in marine and estuarine waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:311-322. [PMID: 28122673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater settings the toxicity of the trace metal nickel (Ni) is relatively well understood. However, until recently, there was little knowledge regarding Ni toxicity in waters of higher salinity, where factors such as water chemistry and the physiology of estuarine and marine biota would be expected to alter toxicological impact. This review summarizes recent literature investigating Ni toxicity in marine and estuarine invertebrates and fish. As in freshwater, three main mechanisms of Ni toxicity exist: ionoregulatory impairment, inhibition of respiration, and promotion of oxidative stress. However, unlike in freshwater biota, where mechanisms of toxicity are largely Class-specific, the delineation of toxic mechanisms between different species is less defined. In general, despite changes in Ni speciation in marine waters, organism physiology appears to be the main driver of toxic impact, a fact that will need to be accounted for when adapting regulatory tools (such as bioavailability normalization) from freshwater to estuarine and marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Canada.
| | - Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Blewett TA, Wood CM, Glover CN. Salinity-dependent nickel accumulation and effects on respiration, ion regulation and oxidative stress in the galaxiid fish, Galaxias maculatus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:132-141. [PMID: 27077552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inanga (Galaxias maculatus) are a euryhaline and amphidromous Southern hemisphere fish species inhabiting waters highly contaminated in trace elements such as nickel (Ni). Ni is known to exert its toxic effects on aquatic biota via three key mechanisms: inhibition of respiration, impaired ion regulation, and stimulation of oxidative stress. Inanga acclimated to freshwater (FW), 50% seawater (SW) or 100% SW were exposed to 0, 150 or 2000 μg Ni L(-1), and tissue Ni accumulation, metabolic rate, ion regulation (tissue ions, calcium (Ca) ion influx), and oxidative stress (catalase activity, protein carbonylation) were measured after 96 h. Ni accumulation increased with Ni exposure concentration in gill, gut and remaining body, but not in liver. Only in the gill was Ni accumulation affected by exposure salinity, with lower branchial Ni burdens in 100% and 50% SW inanga, relative to FW fish. There were no Ni-dependent effects on respiration, or Ca influx, and the only Ni-dependent effect on tissue ion content was on gill potassium. Catalase activity and protein carbonylation were affected by Ni, primarily in FW, but only at 150 μg Ni L(-1). Salinity therefore offsets the effects of Ni, despite minimal changes in Ni bioavailability. These data suggest only minor effects of Ni in inanga, even at highly elevated environmental Ni concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris N Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Aldoghachi MA, Azirun MS, Yusoff I, Ashraf MA. Ultrastructural effects on gill tissues induced in red tilapia Oreochromis sp. by a waterborne lead exposure. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:634-41. [PMID: 27579014 PMCID: PMC4992114 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments on hybrid red tilapia Oreochromis sp. were conducted to assess histopathological effects induced in gill tissues of 96 h exposure to waterborne lead (5.5 mg/L). These tissues were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that structural design of gill tissues was noticeably disrupted. Major symptoms were changes of epithelial cells, fusion in adjacent secondary lamellae, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of chloride cells and coagulate necrosis in pavement cells with disappearance of its microridges. Electron microscopic X-ray microanalysis of fish gills exposed to sublethal lead revealed that lead accumulated on the surface of the gill lamella. This study confirmed that lead exposure incited a difference of histological impairment in fish, supporting environmental watch over aquatic systems when polluted by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Aldoghachi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Yusoff
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Palermo FF, Risso WE, Simonato JD, Martinez CBR. Bioaccumulation of nickel and its biochemical and genotoxic effects on juveniles of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 116:19-28. [PMID: 25744913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles of the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus were exposed to three concentrations of nickel (Ni): 25, 250 and 2500 µg L(-1) or water only for periods of 24 and 96 h to test for Ni bioaccumulation, its effects on antioxidant defenses and metallothioneins, and the occurrence of DNA damage. After exposure, the fish were sampled and tissue removed from the gills, liver, kidney and muscle to test for Ni accumulation and conduct biochemical (gills and liver) and genotoxic (blood cells and gills) analyses. The results showed that Ni accumulates in the organs in different proportions (kidney>liver>gills>muscle) and accumulation varied according to exposure time. Metallothionein (MT) levels increased in the liver and gills after exposure to Ni, implying that the presence of Ni in these tissues could induce MT synthesis. We also observed that Ni exposure affected antioxidant defenses, increasing lipid peroxidation in the liver of fish exposed to Ni for 96 h at the highest concentration tested. DNA damage increased in both blood cells and gills of fish exposed to all Ni concentrations, indicating the genotoxic potential of Ni on fish. We therefore concluded that Ni accumulates in various tissues and results in oxidative and DNA damage in P. lineatus, and that the maximum permitted Ni concentration set in Brazilian legislation (25 µg L(-1)) for freshwaters is not safe for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine F Palermo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 6001. CEP: 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Wagner E Risso
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 6001. CEP: 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Juliana D Simonato
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 6001. CEP: 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Claudia B R Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 6001. CEP: 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
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15
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Rosabal M, Pierron F, Couture P, Baudrimont M, Hare L, Campbell PGC. Subcellular partitioning of non-essential trace metals (Ag, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Tl) in livers of American (Anguilla rostrata) and European (Anguilla anguilla) yellow eels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:128-141. [PMID: 25635611 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We determined the intracellular compartmentalization of the trace metals Ag, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Tl in the livers of yellow eels collected from the Saint Lawrence River system in Canada (Anguilla rostrata) and in the area of the Gironde estuary in France (Anguilla anguilla). Differential centrifugation, NaOH digestion and thermal shock were used to separate eel livers into putative "sensitive" fractions (heat-denatured proteins, mitochondria and microsomes+lysosomes) and detoxified metal fractions (heat-stable peptides/proteins and granules). The cytosolic heat-stable fraction (HSP) was consistently involved in the detoxification of all trace metals. In addition, granule-like structures played a complementary role in the detoxification of Ni, Pb, and Tl in both eel species. However, these detoxification mechanisms were not completely effective because increasing trace metal concentrations in whole livers were accompanied by significant increases in the concentrations of most trace metals in "sensitive" subcellular fractions, that is, mitochondria, heat-denatured cytosolic proteins and microsomes+lysosomes. Among these "sensitive" fractions, mitochondria were the major binding sites for As, Cd, Pb, and Tl. This accumulation of non-essential metals in "sensitive" fractions likely represents a health risk for eels inhabiting the Saint Lawrence and Gironde environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Rosabal
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Fabien Pierron
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Landis Hare
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Peter G C Campbell
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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16
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Glover CN, Blewett TA, Wood CM. Novel route of toxicant exposure in an ancient extant vertebrate: nickel uptake by hagfish skin and the modifying effects of slime. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1896-1902. [PMID: 25569460 DOI: 10.1021/es5052815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing an in vitro technique, the skin of Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti) was shown to take up nickel from the water via a high affinity, low capacity transport pathway. Uptake was biphasic, with saturation occurring at low nickel exposure concentrations, superseded by linear, diffusive uptake at levels greater than 50 μM. In vivo exposures showed that nickel accumulated mainly in the gill, heart, and brain, representing a tissue distribution distinct from that found in teleosts. Slime on the epidermal surface was shown to significantly reduce the uptake of low concentrations (10 μM) of the metals zinc and nickel, but slime had no effect on organic nutrient (the amino acid l-alanine) absorption. At a higher metal exposure concentration (1 mM), slime was no longer protective, indicating saturation of metal-binding sites. This is the first study to show that metals can be taken up by the integument of hagfish. The ability of the skin to act as a transport epithelium may be of particular importance for a burrowing, benthic scavenger, such as hagfish, which are likely to be exposed to relatively enriched levels of metal toxicants through their habitat and lifestyle, and this may have consequences for human health through hagfish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris N Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury , Christchurch, 8014, New Zealand
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Blewett TA, Wood CM. Salinity-dependent nickel accumulation and oxidative stress responses in the euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 68:382-94. [PMID: 25542148 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of nickel (Ni) toxicity in marine fish remain unclear, although evidence from freshwater (FW) fish suggests that Ni can act as a pro-oxidant. This study investigated the oxidative stress effects of Ni on the euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) as a function of salinity. Killifish were exposed to sublethal levels (5, 10, and 20 mg L(-1)) of waterborne Ni for 96 h in FW (0 ppt) and 100 % saltwater (SW) (35 ppt). In general, SW was protective against both Ni accumulation and indicators of oxidative stress [protein carbonyl formation and catalase (CAT) activity]. This effect was most pronounced at the highest Ni exposure level. For example, FW intestine showed increased Ni accumulation relative to SW intestine at 20 mg Ni L(-1), and this was accompanied by significantly greater protein carbonylation and CAT activity in this tissue. There were exceptions, however, in that although liver of FW killifish at the highest exposure concentration showed greater Ni accumulation relative to SW liver, levels of CAT activity were greatly decreased. This may relate to tissue- and salinity-specific differences in oxidative stress responses. The results of the present study suggest (1) that there was Ni-induced oxidative stress in killifish, (2) that the effects of salinity depend on differences in the physiology of the fish in FW versus SW, and (3) that increased levels of cations (sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium) and anions (SO4 and Cl) in SW are likely protective against Ni accumulation in tissues exposed to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Science Building, 1280 Main St.W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada,
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