1
|
Takai Y, Izumi M, Motoyama Y, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y, Kang IJ. Peek-A-Boo Test: A Simple Test for Assessing the Effect of Anxiolytics on Fish Behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2358-2363. [PMID: 37431926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to alter the behavior of aquatic organisms is a growing concern. To assess the actual effect of these substances on aquatic organisms, a simple but effective behavioral test is required. We devised a simple behavioral (Peek-A-Boo) test to assess the effect of anxiolytics on the behavior of a model fish (medaka, Oryzias latipes). In the Peek-A-Boo test, we investigated the response of medaka to an image of a predator fish (donko fish, Odontobutis obscura). The test revealed that the time taken for test medaka exposed to diazepam (0.8, 4, 20, or 100 µg/L) to approach the image was shorter by a factor of 0.22 to 0.65, and the time spent in the area close to the image was longer by a factor of 1.8 to 2.7 than in the solvent control group for all diazepam exposure groups (p < 0.05). Hence, we confirmed that the test could detect changes in medaka behavior caused by diazepam with high sensitivity. The Peek-A-Boo test we devised is a simple behavioral test with high sensitivity for fish behavioral alteration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2358-2363. © 2023 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Izumi
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuriko Motoyama
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ik Joon Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos D, Abrantes N, Campos I, Domingues I, Lopes I. Impacts of aqueous extracts of wildfire ashes on aquatic life-stages of Xenopus laevis: Influence of plant coverage. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 262:106664. [PMID: 37639824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires have emerged as a global ecological concern due to their wide-ranging off-site effects. One particular consequence is the adverse impact on aquatic environments, as wildfires are acknowledged as a significant source of aquatic contamination through ash runoffs containing toxic compounds. Yet, amphibian response to this source of contamination remains largely undocumented. This study assessed how ash runoffs from Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. affect early aquatic life-stages of Xenopus laevis. Embryos and tadpoles were exposed, respectively, for 96 h and 14 days to serial concentrations (26.9% - 100%) of aqueous extracts of ashes (AEAs; 10 gL-1) composed of eucalypt (ELS) and pine (PLS) ashes. Mortality and development were monitored, and biometric data (snout-to-vent, tail and total length, and weight) measured. Sub-individual endpoints regarding oxidative stress (catalase-CAT; total glutathione-TG; lipid peroxidation-TBARS), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase-AChE), transformation metabolism (glutathione-S-transferase-GST) and energetic metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid and protein content and O2 consumption), were also measured. The two AEAs induced no significant lethal effects on embryos or tadpoles. However, in general, AEAs caused a developmental delay in both life stages. Effects of AEAs on biometric endpoint were only reported for tadpoles, which showed a decreased body length (snout-to-vent, tail and total) and weight (embryos were not weighed), with PLS exerting higher effect than ELS. As for the sub-individual endpoints, embryos showed mostly no alterations on the activity of the monitored parameters, except for PLS, which reduced embryos' carbohydrate content (at ≥59.2%) and increased O2 consumption (at ≥35.0%). Regarding tadpoles, AEA exposure decreased the activity of CAT and GST (at ≥26.0%) and decreased carbohydrate (at ≥26.0%) and lipid (at ≥45.5%), whereas oxygen consumption increased (at ≥26.0%) only on PLS. Overall, the tested AEAs differentially affected amphibians across life-stages, indicating that plant coverage might affect ash toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Santos
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Abrantes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Campos
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Domingues
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lopez LK, Gil MA, Crowley PH, Trimmer PC, Munson A, Ligocki IY, Michelangeli M, Sih A. Integrating animal behaviour into research on multiple environmental stressors: a conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1345-1364. [PMID: 37004993 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
While a large body of research has focused on the physiological effects of multiple environmental stressors, how behavioural and life-history plasticity mediate multiple-stressor effects remains underexplored. Behavioural plasticity can not only drive organism-level responses to stressors directly but can also mediate physiological responses. Here, we provide a conceptual framework incorporating four fundamental trade-offs that explicitly link animal behaviour to life-history-based pathways for energy allocation, shaping the impact of multiple stressors on fitness. We first address how small-scale behavioural changes can either mediate or drive conflicts between the effects of multiple stressors and alternative physiological responses. We then discuss how animal behaviour gives rise to three additional understudied and interrelated trade-offs: balancing the benefits and risks of obtaining the energy needed to cope with stressors, allocation of energy between life-history traits and stressor responses, and larger-scale escape from stressors in space or time via large-scale movement or dormancy. Finally, we outline how these trade-offs interactively affect fitness and qualitative ecological outcomes resulting from multiple stressors. Our framework suggests that explicitly considering animal behaviour should enrich our mechanistic understanding of stressor effects, help explain extensive context dependence observed in these effects, and highlight promising avenues for future empirical and theoretical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Lopez
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Corner Hawkesbury Road & Hainsworth Street, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Michael A Gil
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122/Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Philip H Crowley
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 195 Huguelet Drive, 101 Thomas Hunt Morgan Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Pete C Trimmer
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amelia Munson
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Isaac Y Ligocki
- Department of Biology, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Roddy Science Hall, PO Box 1002, Millersville, PA, 17551, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boualit L, Cayuela H, Ballu A, Cattin L, Reis C, Chèvre N. The Amphibian Short-Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature-Assessment of Behavioral Traits. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1595-1606. [PMID: 37097014 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxic pesticides are used worldwide to protect crops from insects; they are recognized to impact nontarget organisms that live in areas surrounded by treated crops. Many biochemical and cell-based solutions have been developed for testing insecticide neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, such solutions provide a partial assessment of the impact of neurotoxicity, neglecting important phenotypic components such as behavior. Behavior is the apical endpoint altered by neurotoxicity, and scientists are increasingly recommending including behavioral endpoints in available tests or developing new methods for assessing contaminant-induced behavioral changes. In the present study, we extended an existing protocol (the amphibian short-term assay) with a behavioral test. To this purpose, we developed a homemade device along with an open-source computing solution for tracking trajectories of Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to two organophosphates insecticides (OPIs), diazinon (DZN) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The data resulting from the tracking were then analyzed, and the impact of exposure to DZN and CPF was tested on speed- and direction-related components. Our results demonstrate weak impacts of DZN on the behavioral components, while CPF demonstrated strong effects, notably on speed-related components. Our results also suggest a time-dependent alteration of behavior by CPF, with the highest impacts at day 6 and an absence of impact at day 8. Although only two OPIs were tested, we argue that our solution coupled with biochemical biomarkers is promising for testing the neurotoxicity of this pesticide group on amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1595-1606. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Boualit
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Cayuela
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolution, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélien Ballu
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Cattin
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Reis
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Chèvre
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zamora-Camacho FJ, Burraco P, Zambrano-Fernández S, Aragón P. Ammonium effects on oxidative stress, telomere length, and locomotion across life stages of an anuran from habitats with contrasting land-use histories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160924. [PMID: 36526187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanistic implications behind wildlife responses to global changes is a central topic in eco-evolutionary research. In particular, anthropic pollution is known to impact wild populations across the globe, which may have even stronger consequences for species with complex life cycles. Among vertebrates, amphibians represent a paradigmatic example of metamorphosis, and their characteristics make them highly vulnerable to pollution. Here, we tested for differences in the redox status, telomere length, and locomotor performance across life stages of green frogs (Pelophylax perezi) from agrosystem and natural habitats, both constitutively and in response to an experimental ammonium exposure (10 mg/L). We found that larvae from the agrosystem constitutively showed an enhanced redox status (better antioxidant balance against H2O2, lower lipid peroxidation) but shorter telomeres as compared to larvae from the natural environment. The larval redox response to ammonium was, overall, similar in both habitats. In contrast, after metamorphosis, the redox status of individuals from the natural habitat seemed to cope better with ammonium exposure (denoted by lower lipid peroxidation), and differences between habitats in telomere length were no longer present. Intriguingly, while the swimming performance of larvae did not correlate with individual's physiology, metamorphs with lower glutathione reductase activity and longer telomeres had a better jumping performance. This may suggest that locomotor performance is both traded off with the production of reactive oxygen species and potentiated directly by longer telomeres or indirectly by the mechanisms that buffer their shortening. Overall, our study suggests that contrasting land-use histories can drive divergence in physiological pathways linked to individual health and lifespan. Since this pattern was life-stage dependent, divergent habitat conditions can have contrasting implications across the ontogenetic development of species with complex life cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Burraco
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Aragón
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Supekar SC, Gramapurohit NP. Does atrazine induce changes in predator recognition, growth, morphology, and metamorphic traits of larval skipper frogs (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis)? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:125-137. [PMID: 36245429 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine, an info disruptor, interferes with the olfaction of aquatic organisms by impairing the chemosensory system. Consequently, it affects behavior, physiology, and growth increases mortality and infections, and suppresses the immune system of aquatic animals. In this study, we wanted to determine the sensitivity of larval Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis to different concentrations of atrazine by assessing their antipredator behavior, growth, morphology, and metamorphic traits. The results indicate that exposure to atrazine did not affect the survival of tadpoles. However, it caused retarded growth at higher concentrations. Interestingly, the antipredator behavior of tadpoles toward conspecific alarm cues decreased in a dose-dependent manner with an increase in the concentration of atrazine. Tadpoles exposed to low concentrations of atrazine had deeper, wider bodies and tails while those exposed to higher concentrations had shallower and narrower bodies with shallower tail muscles. However, at low and moderate concentrations atrazine did not affect size at metamorphosis, it extended the larval duration at higher concentrations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruthsatz K, Eterovick PC, Bartels F, Mausbach J. Contributions of water-borne corticosterone as one non-invasive biomarker in assessing nitrate pollution stress in tadpoles of Rana temporaria. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 331:114164. [PMID: 36400158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among a multitude of stressors to which wildlife is exposed, environmental pollution is a pervasive one that poses a serious threat. The permeable skin of amphibians is likely to increase direct contact of the body with pollutants, making them a group worth studying to access environmental quality. Consequently, finding reliable and complementary biomarkers that will present detectable and predictable changes in response to pollutants is essential to identify pollution sublethal effects on amphibians and to investigate whether these are in part responsible for population declines. The glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT), involved in many metabolic functions, is often used to measure the physiological stress response to environmental stressors in amphibians. In this study, we evaluated whether water-borne CORT can serve as a non-invasive biomarker for nitrate pollution stress in the European common frog (Rana temporaria) by comparing the effect of nitrate exposure on hormone release rates and on other physiological downstream biomarkers, i.e., ultimate physiological effects of the stressor. Specifically, we investigated the effect of different nitrate concentrations (0, 10, 50, and 100 mg/L) on water-borne CORT release rates, age, size, and body condition. Exposure to nitrate pollution significantly increased age at metamorphosis and water-borne CORT release rates, and led to reduced mass and body condition, but only at higher nitrate concentrations (i.e., 50 and 100 mg/L). Considering this similar sensitivity to other acknowledged biomarkers, water-borne CORT was a reliable biomarker of physiological stress in R. temporaria exposed to nitrate pollution stress in a controlled single-stressor laboratory approach. Thus, water-borne CORT is a promising method to be included in more holistic approaches. We recommend that such approaches keep testing multiple biomarker combinations, as species are exposed to several stressors likely to interact and produce varied outcomes in different biomarkers in their natural habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Paula C Eterovick
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabian Bartels
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jelena Mausbach
- Eawag & ETH Zurich,Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santos D, Abrantes N, Campos I, Domingues I, Lopes I. Effects of aqueous extracts of wildfire ashes on tadpoles of Pelophylax perezi: Influence of plant coverage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158746. [PMID: 36116652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires have been pointed out as an important source of diffuse contamination to aquatic ecosystems, namely through the input of toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. However, amphibians' responses to this disturbance have been largely ignored. Hence, this study intended to assess how ashes from Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. plantation forests affect tadpoles of Pelophylax perezi. Tadpoles were exposed 14 days to serial concentrations (26.9 %-100 %) of aqueous extracts of ashes (AEA, with 10 g L-1 of ashes) containing Eucalypt (ELS) and Pine (PLS) ashes. The following endpoints were measured: mortality, malformations, developmental stage, body length and weight. Effects at sub-individual level were also monitored for oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and energetic metabolism. Chemical characterization of the AEA of ELS showed higher concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and V, while PLS showed higher concentrations of Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn. Concerning the lethal effects of AEAs on tadpoles, both extracts were able to induce mortality at high concentrations (76.9 and/or 100 % of AEA), although a high variability in the response was found. A significant mortality in tadpoles exposed to ELS was observed at the concentration of 76.9 %. For organisms exposed to PLS, though a mortality above 20 % was registered at the two highest tested concentrations, it was not significantly different from the control. No significant sub-lethal effects were observed in the ELS treatments. Contrasting, exposure to PLS induced a decrease in body length, weight, glutathione-S-transferase activity and an increase in oxygen consumption. Overall, the distinct effects of ELS and PLS suggest an influence of vegetation cover in ash toxicity. In conclusion, exposure to both ash extracts negatively affected sublethal responses of tadpoles of P. perezi. Future research is needed to assess how these effects at individual level may translate into effects at population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scribano G, Gazzola A, Winkler A, Balestrieri A, Grioni A, Lastrico G, Tremolada P, Pellitteri-Rosa D. Anti-predator behavioral responses of Italian agile frog tadpoles (Rana latastei) exposed to microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13688-13696. [PMID: 36136197 PMCID: PMC9898332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are nowadays abundant, persistent, and ubiquitous in the environment, representing a new threat for terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. Although anuran populations and species are globally declining, the effect of MP exposure on this taxon has been poorly investigated. With the aim of assessing the effects of microplastic exposure on the defensive responses of Italian agile frog (Rana latastei) tadpoles, we exposed them to three different concentrations (1, 7, and 50 mg L-1) of a mixture of plastic polymers (HPDE, PVC, PS, and PES) for 2 weeks. Then, we measured the total distance covered by individual tadpoles before and after exposure to tadpole-fed dragonfly larvae (Aeshna cyanea) cues. As expected, predation risk sharply lowered the total distance travelled by tadpoles; however, MP concentration did not affect their defensive performances. We also collected data on tadpole development, activity, and mortality. In contrast with previous experiments, neither tadpole growth nor mortality varied with MP concentration. Our results indicate that the intensity of MP effects on growth and development may depend on tadpole size, with large tadpoles being less susceptible to the negative effects of MP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scribano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Winkler
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, I-20133, Via Celoria, 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Balestrieri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, I-20133, Via Celoria, 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Grioni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuditta Lastrico
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, I-20133, Via Celoria, 26, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tremolada
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, I-20133, Via Celoria, 26, Milan, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Snyder MN, Henderson WM, Glinski DA, Purucker ST. Differentiating metabolomic responses of amphibians to multiple stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155666. [PMID: 35598671 PMCID: PMC9875051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in ecological risk assessment is determining the impact of multiple stressors on individual organisms and populations in real world scenarios. Frequently, data derived from laboratory studies of single stressors are used to estimate risk parameters and do not adequately address scenarios where other stressors exist. Emerging 'omic technologies, notably metabolomics, provide an opportunity to address the uncertainties surrounding ecological risk assessment of multiple stressors. The objective of this study was to use metabolomic profiling to investigate the effect of multiple stressors on amphibian metamorphs. We exposed post-metamorphosis (180 days) southern leopard frogs (Lithobates sphenocephala) to the insecticide carbaryl (480 μg/L), predation stress, and a combined pesticide and predation stress treatment. Corticosterone analysis revealed mild support for an induction in response to predation stress alone but strongly suggests that carbaryl exposure, alone or in combination with predation cues, can significantly elevate this known biomarker in amphibians. Metabolomics analysis accurately classed, based on relative nearness, carbaryl and predation induced changes in the hepatic metabolome and biochemical fluxes appear to be associated with a similar biological response. Support vector machine analysis with recursive feature elimination of the acquired metabolomic spectra demonstrated 85-96% classification accuracy among control and all treatment groups when using the top 75 ranked retention time bins. Biochemical fluxes observed in the groups exposed to carbaryl, predation, and the combined treatment include amino acids, sugar derivatives, and purine nucleotides. Ultimately, this methodology could be used to interpret short-term toxicity assays and the presence of environmental stressors to overall metabolomic effects in non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcía N Snyder
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CPHEA, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
| | | | - Donna A Glinski
- NRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - S Thomas Purucker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CCTE, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bertram MG, Martin JM, McCallum ES, Alton LA, Brand JA, Brooks BW, Cerveny D, Fick J, Ford AT, Hellström G, Michelangeli M, Nakagawa S, Polverino G, Saaristo M, Sih A, Tan H, Tyler CR, Wong BB, Brodin T. Frontiers in quantifying wildlife behavioural responses to chemical pollution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1346-1364. [PMID: 35233915 PMCID: PMC9543409 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviour is remarkably sensitive to disruption by chemical pollution, with widespread implications for ecological and evolutionary processes in contaminated wildlife populations. However, conventional approaches applied to study the impacts of chemical pollutants on wildlife behaviour seldom address the complexity of natural environments in which contamination occurs. The aim of this review is to guide the rapidly developing field of behavioural ecotoxicology towards increased environmental realism, ecological complexity, and mechanistic understanding. We identify research areas in ecology that to date have been largely overlooked within behavioural ecotoxicology but which promise to yield valuable insights, including within- and among-individual variation, social networks and collective behaviour, and multi-stressor interactions. Further, we feature methodological and technological innovations that enable the collection of data on pollutant-induced behavioural changes at an unprecedented resolution and scale in the laboratory and the field. In an era of rapid environmental change, there is an urgent need to advance our understanding of the real-world impacts of chemical pollution on wildlife behaviour. This review therefore provides a roadmap of the major outstanding questions in behavioural ecotoxicology and highlights the need for increased cross-talk with other disciplines in order to find the answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Jake M. Martin
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Erin S. McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Lesley A. Alton
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Jack A. Brand
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityOne Bear PlaceWacoTexas76798‐7266U.S.A.
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in Ceske BudejoviceZátiší 728/IIVodnany389 25Czech Republic
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityLinnaeus väg 10UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Alex T. Ford
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthWinston Churchill Avenue, PortsmouthHampshirePO1 2UPU.K.
| | - Gustav Hellström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California350 E Quad, DavisCaliforniaCA95616U.S.A.
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales, Biological Sciences West (D26)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Giovanni Polverino
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA6009Australia
- Department of Ecological and Biological SciencesTuscia UniversityVia S.M. in Gradi n.4ViterboLazio01100Italy
| | - Minna Saaristo
- Environment Protection Authority VictoriaEPA Science2 Terrace WayMacleodVictoria3085Australia
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California350 E Quad, DavisCaliforniaCA95616U.S.A.
| | - Hung Tan
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterDevonEX4 4QDU.K.
| | - Bob B.M. Wong
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruthsatz K, Bartels F, Stützer D, Eterovick PC. Timing of parental breeding shapes sensitivity to nitrate pollution in the common frog Rana temporaria. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
do Amaral DF, Guerra V, Almeida KL, Signorelli L, Rocha TL, de Melo E Silva D. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a risk factor for the health of Neotropical tadpoles: a case study of Dendropsophus minutus (Anura: Hylidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50515-50529. [PMID: 35229265 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are increasing worldwide. The release of this substance into the environment can induce toxic effects in aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates, although the exact nature of its impacts on Neotropical amphibians is still poorly understood. In this context, the present study evaluated the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles and their counterpart-dissolved titanium dioxide (TiO2)-in the tadpoles of Dendropsophus minutus. The biometric parameters, DNA damage, and behavioral changes were verified in tadpoles exposed to three different concentrations (0.1 mg·L-1, 1.0 mg·L-1, and 10 mg·L-1) of TiO2 nanoparticles and dissolved TiO2 for 7 days. We verified significant DNA damage in the D. minutus tadpoles exposed to both forms of Ti, in comparison with the control group. We also identified a reduction in total size, body length, and width, and the height of the musculature of the tail of the tadpoles exposed to all concentrations of both substances in comparison with the control. In the behavioral test, the tadpoles exposed to nanoparticles and dissolved TiO2 presented reduced mobility and a tendency to be less aggregated than normal. Here, the simultaneous use of multiple biomarkers was fundamental for the reliable assessment of the adverse effects of nanomaterials on anuran amphibians and the establishment of a systematic approach to the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. The present study expands our understanding of the genotoxic, morphological, and behavioral effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and dissolved TiO2 on anuran amphibians, and contributes to the establishment of further research for the more systematic assessment of the environmental risk of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Ferreira do Amaral
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Guerra
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
- Boitatá Institute of Ethnobiology and Fauna Conservation, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Késsia Laurinho Almeida
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luciana Signorelli
- Laboratory of Herpetology and Animal Behavior, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Packer M, Lambert DM. What’s Gender Got to Do With It? Dismantling the Human Hierarchies in Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Toxicology for Scientific and Social Progress. Am Nat 2022; 200:114-128. [DOI: 10.1086/720131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Blanchet CC, Arzel C, Davranche A, Kahilainen KK, Secondi J, Taipale S, Lindberg H, Loehr J, Manninen-Johansen S, Sundell J, Maanan M, Nummi P. Ecology and extent of freshwater browning - What we know and what should be studied next in the context of global change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152420. [PMID: 34953836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water browning or brownification refers to increasing water color, often related to increasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and carbon (DOC) content in freshwaters. Browning has been recognized as a significant physicochemical phenomenon altering boreal lakes, but our understanding of its ecological consequences in different freshwater habitats and regions is limited. Here, we review the consequences of browning on different freshwater habitats, food webs and aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling. We examine global trends of browning and DOM/DOC, and the use of remote sensing as a tool to investigate browning from local to global scales. Studies have focused on lakes and rivers while seldom addressing effects at the catchment scale. Other freshwater habitats such as small and temporary waterbodies have been overlooked, making the study of the entire network of the catchment incomplete. While past research investigated the response of primary producers, aquatic invertebrates and fishes, the effects of browning on macrophytes, invasive species, and food webs have been understudied. Research has focused on freshwater habitats without considering the fluxes between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. We highlight the importance of understanding how the changes in one habitat may cascade to another. Browning is a broader phenomenon than the heretofore concentration on the boreal region. Overall, we propose that future studies improve the ecological understanding of browning through the following research actions: 1) increasing our knowledge of ecological processes of browning in other wetland types than lakes and rivers, 2) assessing the impact of browning on aquatic food webs at multiple scales, 3) examining the effects of browning on aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling, 4) expanding our knowledge of browning from the local to global scale, and 5) using remote sensing to examine browning and its ecological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse C Blanchet
- Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Céline Arzel
- Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie Davranche
- CNRS UMR 6554 LETG, University of Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, FR-49000 Angers, France
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Jean Secondi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Faculty of Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Sami Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henrik Lindberg
- HAMK University of Applied Sciences, Forestry Programme, Saarelantie 1, FI-16970 Evo, Finland
| | - John Loehr
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | | | - Janne Sundell
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Mohamed Maanan
- UMR CNRS 6554, University of Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Petri Nummi
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cunha GG, Dalzochio MS, Tozetti AM. Anuran diversity in ponds associated with soybean plantations. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201926. [PMID: 34909823 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans are considered one of the most threatened animal groups in the world. Agricultural activities are related to water pollution and contamination, which affects biphasic organisms such as amphibians. Brazilian soybean cultivation covers about 36 million hectares and encompasses many remaining ponds used as breeding sites for amphibians. In this study, we evaluated richness, abundance and composition of the anuran communities in ponds with different levels of association with soybean cultivation. A total of 18 anuran species were recorded with an abundance of 421 collected tadpoles and 1230 adult males on average. Ponds presented in soybean plantations were distinct from those adjacent to plantations regarding water properties and tadpole richness and abundance, as well as composition of tadpoles and adults. Ponds inserted in plantations had communities with lower diversity and abundance. One explanation for these results is likely the detrimental effect of soybean management, which suggests that this decrease is a result of community changes. This serves as an alert about the importance of buffer areas around plantations and the use of adequate techniques for pesticide application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Cunha
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina S Dalzochio
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandro M Tozetti
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Universitário, 95914-014 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mettler CA, Aguirre-Morales M, Harmeson J, Robinson WL, Carlson BE. Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor and Fish Presence on Pond Mesocosm Communities. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-186.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin Harmeson
- Department of Biology, Wabash College, Crawfordsville Indiana 47933
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amphibian Metacommunity Responses to Agricultural Intensification in a Mediterranean Landscape. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10090924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification has been associated with biodiversity declines, habitat fragmentation and loss in a number of organisms. Given the prevalence of this process, there is a need for studies clarifying the effects of changes in agricultural practices on local biological communities; for instance, the transformation of traditional rainfed agriculture into intensively irrigated agriculture. We focused on pond-breeding amphibians as model organisms to assess the ecological effects of agricultural intensification because they are sensitive to changes in habitat quality at both local and landscape scales. We applied a metacommunity approach to characterize amphibian communities breeding in a network of ponds embedded in a terrestrial habitat matrix that was partly converted from rainfed crops to intensive irrigated agriculture in the 1990s. Specifically, we compared alpha and beta diversity, species occupancy and abundance, and metacommunity structure between irrigated and rainfed areas. We found strong differences in patterns of species occurrence, community structure and pairwise beta diversity between agricultural management groups, with a marked community structure in rainfed ponds associated with local features and the presence of some rare species that were nearly absent in the irrigated area, which was characterized by a random community structure. Natural vegetation cover at the landscape scale, significantly lower on the irrigated area, was an important predictor of species occurrences. Our results suggest that maintaining both local and landscape heterogeneity is key to preserving diverse amphibian communities in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pavan FA, Samojeden CG, Rutkoski CF, Folador A, Da Fré SP, Müller C, Hartmann PA, Hartmann MT. Morphological, behavioral and genotoxic effects of glyphosate and 2,4-D mixture in tadpoles of two native species of South American amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103637. [PMID: 33753236 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination is an important factor in the global decline of amphibians. The herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D are the most applied worldwide. These herbicides are often found in surface waters close to agricultural areas. This study aims at evaluating the chronic effects caused by glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture in Boana faber and Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles. The combined solution of the glyphosate and 2,4-D, in 5 different concentrations, was applied for 168 h. Herbicide mixtures did not affect the survival of the exposed tadpoles but growth and swimming activity were altered; besides causing several damages in the mouth and intestine. The erythrocytes showed micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. There is an ecological risk in the exposure of tadpoles of B. faber and L. latrans from the mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. Therefore, the approach used in this study provides important information on how commonly used pesticides can affect non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe André Pavan
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Garcia Samojeden
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Fátima Rutkoski
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Folador
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Pricila Da Fré
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Müller
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Teresinha Hartmann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gonçalves C, Marins AT, do Amaral AMB, Nunes MEM, Müller TE, Severo E, Feijó A, Rodrigues CCR, Zanella R, Prestes OD, Clasen B, Loro VL. Ecological impacts of pesticides on Astyanax jacuhiensis (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Uruguay river, Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111314. [PMID: 32956866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian freshwater ecosystems are continuously exposed to pesticides and domestic sewage. The Uruguay River was chosen for this study because of its international importance, as it flows through Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. It receives contaminants such as pesticides and domestic residues. Thus, the aim of this study to assess the accumulation of pesticides in muscle of the fish Astyanax jacuhiensis, its biochemical responses, and the presence of pesticides in water. In total, seven pesticides were registered in water from both river sites. Eight pesticides were detected in fish muscle. The biochemical responses showed that brain lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) in A. jacuhiensis were higher in the summer. Muscle showed the highest LPO levels in the spring and the highest PC in the summer. Liver LPO and PC levels were higher in the spring and summer. In the gills, the PC was higher in the spring and the LPO in the spring and winter. In the brain and in the gills, glutathione-S-transferase activity was high in the summer and autumn. Catalase activity was lower during the winter and spring. Non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels were lower in the brain in the winter and spring. Muscle tissue showed lower NPSH in the winter (site 1). Liver NPSH showed increased levels in liver in the spring and winter (site 2). The biochemical results clearly is related to pesticides and/or to the presence of other contaminants in the water such as metals or domestic sewage. The accumulation of pesticides in fish muscle added evidence that pesticides have been used in the area surrounding the Uruguay River. In conclusion, the biomarkers assayed in the present study could be used in future investigations considering other sampling sites along Uruguay River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mauro Eugênio Medina Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Talise Ellwanger Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Brazil
| | - Adriane Feijó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Brazil
| | - Cíntia C R Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Clasen
- Departmento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 98600-000, Três Passos, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gong M, Shafer ABA, Hu X, Huang Y, Zhang L, Li H, Wu Y, Wen W, Liu G. Population demographic history and adaptability of the vulnerable Lolokou Sucker Frog. Genetica 2020; 148:207-213. [PMID: 33052504 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians are experiencing worldwide declines due to increasing anthropogenetic disturbances. However, the genetic variability and hence adaptability are still unknown for most frogs. We integrated the mitochondrial (ND2 gene), nuclear (TYR gene) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, to clarify the demographic patterns and immune-gene diversity of the Lolokou Sucker Frog (Amolops loloensis). Demographic analysis of the ND2 and TYR genes suggested that the Lolokou Sucker Frog experienced a population expansion within the last 10,000 years. High MHC diversity was detected, which has likely resulted from positive selection, indicating the current diversity bodes well for the species' adaptive potential to pathogenic challenges. These findings broaden our knowledge on the population history and evolution adaptation of the reclusive torrent frog, and conservation implications are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Gong
- Institute of Wetland Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Forensics & Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, 7K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, 614600, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- China Wildlife Conservation Association, Beijing, 100714, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Institute of Wetland Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, 614600, China
| | - Wanyu Wen
- Institute of Wetland Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Wetland Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Behavioral Responses by Adult Northern Leopard Frogs to Conspecific Chemical Cues. J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1670/19-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Florencio M, Burraco P, Rendón MÁ, Díaz-Paniagua C, Gomez-Mestre I. Opposite and synergistic physiological responses to water acidity and predator cues in spadefoot toad tadpoles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110654. [PMID: 31926298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organisms are exposed to multiple environmental factors simultaneously to which they often respond behaviorally, morphologically and/or physiologically. Amphibian larvae are quite plastic and efficiently adjust their phenotype and physiology to the reigning local conditions. Here we tested whether the combination of predator presence and low water pH induces alterations in the morphology and physiology of spadefoot toad tadpoles. We raised Pelobates cultripes tadpoles in the laboratory in water at either pH 4 or 7, and in the presence or absence of caged dragonfly nymphs, and determined their changes in shape through geometric morphometrics to assess whether predator recognition was impaired or not at low pH. We also measured levels of plasma corticosterone, activity of four antioxidant enzymes, as well as markers of oxidative damage and redox status. We found that tadpoles altered their body shape in response to predator cues even at low pH, indicating that predator recognition was not interfered by water acidity and developmental responses were robust even under abiotic stress. Water acidity was associated with increased corticosterone levels in tadpoles, whereas predator presence consistently reduced corticosterone levels. Predator presence was linked to reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas the combination of both factors resulted in negative synergistic effects on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant capacity of tadpoles. Here we show that tadpoles detect predators even at low pH but that the development of adaptive anti-predatory morphology can magnify physiological imbalances when other stressors co-occur. These results emphasize the need to understand how multiple environmental perturbations can affect animal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Florencio
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain; Dept. of Ecology, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Burraco
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Ángel Rendón
- Dept. of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz-Paniagua
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Donelan SC, Hellmann JK, Bell AM, Luttbeg B, Orrock JL, Sheriff MJ, Sih A. Transgenerational Plasticity in Human-Altered Environments. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 35:115-124. [PMID: 31706627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to predict how species will respond to human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) may depend upon our understanding of transgenerational plasticity (TGP), which occurs when environments experienced by previous generations influence phenotypes of subsequent generations. TGP evolved to help organisms cope with environmental stressors when parental environments are highly predictive of offspring environments. HIREC can alter conditions that favored TGP in historical environments by reducing parents' ability to detect environmental conditions, disrupting previous correlations between parental and offspring environments, and interfering with the transmission of parental cues to offspring. Because of the propensity to produce errors in these processes, TGP will likely generate negative fitness outcomes in response to HIREC, though beneficial fitness outcomes may occur in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Donelan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - Jennifer K Hellmann
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Alison M Bell
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Barney Luttbeg
- Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - John L Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology, 145 Noland Hall, 250 North Mills Street, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael J Sheriff
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Freitas JS, Girotto L, Goulart BV, Alho LDOG, Gebara RC, Montagner CC, Schiesari L, Espíndola ELG. Effects of 2,4-D-based herbicide (DMA ® 806) on sensitivity, respiration rates, energy reserves and behavior of tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109446. [PMID: 31323523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of sugarcane pesticides and their destination to non-target environments in Brazil has generated concerns related to the conservation of more vulnerable groups, such as amphibians. Besides the high skin permeability, tadpoles are constantly restricted to small and ephemeral ponds, where exposure to high concentrations of pesticides in agricultural areas is inevitable. This study evaluated chronic effects caused by sub-lethal concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide on energy storage, development, respiration rates, swimming performance and avoidance behavior of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). Firstly, we conducted acute toxicity test (96 h) to estipulate sub-lethal concentrations of 2,4-D and evaluate the sensitivity of three tadpoles' species to this herbicide. Results showed that Leptodactylus fuscus presented the lowest LC50 96 h, 28.81 mg/L, followed by Physalaemus nattereri (143.08 mg/L) and L. catesbeianus (574.52 mg/L). Chronic exposure to 2,4-D (125, 250 and 500 μg/L) delayed metamorphosis and inhibited the growth of tadpoles at concentrations of 125 μg/L. Effects on biochemical reserves showed that 2,4-D increased total hepatic lipids in tadpoles, although some individual lipid classes (e.g. free fatty acids and triglycerides) were reduced. Protein and carbohydrates contents were also impaired by 2,4-D, suggesting a disruption on energy metabolism of amphibians by the herbicide. In addition to biochemical changes, respiration rates and swimming speed were also decreased after chronic exposure to 2,4-D, and these responses appeared to be correlated with the changes detected in the basic energy content. Avoidance test indicated that tadpoles of L. catesbeinus avoided the presence of 2,4-D, however they were unable to detect increasing gradients of the contaminant. Our data showed that chronic exposure to 2,4-D impaired biochemical, physiological and behavioral aspects of tadpoles, which may compromise their health and make them more vulnerable to environmental stressors in natural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Girotto
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Allgeier S, Friedrich A, Brühl CA. Mosquito control based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) interrupts artificial wetland food chains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1173-1184. [PMID: 31412513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biocide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) has become the most commonly used larvicide to control mosquitoes in seasonal wetlands. Although Bti is considered non-toxic to most aquatic organisms, the non-biting chironomids show high susceptibilities towards Bti. As chironomids are a key element in wetland food webs, major declines in their abundance could lead to indirect effects that may be passed through aquatic and terrestrial food chains. We conducted two mesocosm experiments to address this hypothesis by assessing direct and indirect effects of Bti-modified availability of macroinvertebrate and zooplankton food resources on the predatory larvae of palmate and smooth newts (Urodelans: Lissotriton helveticus, Lissotriton vulgaris). We examined newt survival rates and dietary composition by means of stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) analysis in the presence of Bti treatment and a predator (Odonata: Aeshna cyanea). We assessed palmate newts' body size at and time to metamorphosis while developing in Bti treated mesocosms. Chironomid larvae were the most severely affected aquatic invertebrates in all Bti treated food chains and experienced abundance reductions by 50 to 87%. Moreover, stable isotope analysis revealed that chironomids were preferred over other invertebrates and comprised the major part in newts' diet (56%) regardless of their availability. The dragonfly A. cyanea decreased survival of newt larvae by 27% in Bti treated mesocosms showing affected chironomid abundances. Increasing intraguild predation is most likely favored by the Bti-induced reduction of alternative prey such as chironomid larvae. The decreased food availability after Bti treatment led to slightly smaller L. helveticus metamorphs while their developmental time was not affected. Our findings highlight the crucial role of chironomids in the food webs of freshwater ecosystems. We are also emphasizing the importance of reconsidering human-induced indirect effects of mosquito control on valuable wetland ecosystems particularly in the context of worldwide amphibian and insect declines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Allgeier
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Anna Friedrich
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Plastic waste interferes with chemical communication in aquatic ecosystems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5889. [PMID: 30971712 PMCID: PMC6458178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution with plastic waste has gained increasing attention, as the contamination of aquatic habitats poses a challenge to these ecosystems. Plastic waste has direct negative effects on animals such as reduced growth rate, fecundity or life span. However, the indirect effects of plastic waste, which has the ability to sorb chemicals from the surrounding media, on chemical communication have yet to be investigated. Chemical communication is crucial for aquatic organisms, e.g., to avoid predation. The planktonic water flea Daphnia (Crustacea), an important link between trophic levels, relies on info-chemicals (kairomones) to assess its current predation risk and to form inducible defences. We show that plastic waste, composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) interferes with the formation of inducible defences in Daphnia longicephala when exposed to a combination of kairomones of Notonecta glauca and plastic waste. D. longicephala shows a reduction in all defensive traits, including body length, crest width and time until primiparity, compared to exposure to solely kairomone conditioned media. Plastic waste in the absence of kairomones had no effect on defensive traits. Since it is vital to adjust these defences to the current predation risk, any misperception can have far-reaching ecological consequences. Therefore, plastic waste can have indirect effects on organisms, which may manifest at the community level.
Collapse
|
28
|
Burraco P, Iglesias-Carrasco M, Cabido C, Gomez-Mestre I. Eucalypt leaf litter impairs growth and development of amphibian larvae, inhibits their antipredator responses and alters their physiology. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy066. [PMID: 30546907 PMCID: PMC6287674 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of human actions like global warming, spread of exotic species or resource consumption are pushing species to extinction. Even species considered to be at low extinction risk often show signs of local declines. Here, we evaluate the impact of eucalypt plantations, the best-known exotic tree species worldwide and its interaction with temperature and predators on amphibian development, growth, antipredator responses and physiology. For this purpose, we applied a fully factorial experiment crossing two types of leaf litter (native oak or eucalypt), two temperatures (15 and 20°C) and presence/absence of native predators. We found that leachates of eucalypt leaf litter reduced amphibian development and growth, compromised their antipredator responses and altered their metabolic rate. Increased temperature itself also posed serious alterations on development, growth, antioxidant ability and the immune status of tadpoles. However, the combined effects of eucalypt leaf litter and increased temperature were additive, not synergistic. Therefore, we show that non-lethal levels of a globally spread disruptor such as leachates from eucalypt leaf litter can seriously impact the life history and physiology of native amphibian populations. This study highlights the need to evaluate the status of wild populations exposed to human activities even if not at an obvious immediate risk of extinction, based on reliable stress markers, in order to anticipate demographic declines that may be hard to reverse once started. Replacing eucalypt plantations with native trees in protected areas would help improving the health of local amphibian larvae. In zones of economic interest, we would recommend providing patches of native vegetation around ponds and removing eucalypt leaf litter from pond basins during their dry phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Burraco
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), C/ Americo Vespucio 26, Sevilla, Spain
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18 D, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maider Iglesias-Carrasco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural History (CSIC), Calle de José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Herpetology, Aranzadi Society of Sciences, Zorroagagaina, 11, San Sebastian, Spain
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134, Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carlos Cabido
- Department of Herpetology, Aranzadi Society of Sciences, Zorroagagaina, 11, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), C/ Americo Vespucio 26, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dodd CE, Buchholz R. Apparent Maladaptive Oviposition Site Choice of Cope's Gray Treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) When Offered an Array of Pond Conditions. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-18-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Kiseleva EI, Bastakov VA. Reactions of Rana arvalis Nilss. Tadpoles at Early Developmental Stages to Some Natural Chemical Stimuli. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Janssens L, Verberk W, Stoks R. A widespread morphological antipredator mechanism reduces the sensitivity to pesticides and increases the susceptibility to warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1230-1235. [PMID: 29898530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and predation are two omnipresent stressors in aquatic systems that can interact in multiple ways, thereby challenging accurate assessment of the effects of pollutants in natural systems. Despite the widespread occurrence of morphological antipredator mechanisms, no studies have tested how these can affect the sensitivity of prey to pesticides. Sensitivity to pesticides is typically measured via reductions in growth rates and survival, but also reductions in heat tolerance are to be expected and are becoming increasingly important in a warming world. We investigated how autotomy, a widespread morphological antipredator mechanism where animals sacrifice a body part (here the caudal lamellae) to escape when attacked by a predator, modified the sensitivity to the insecticide chlorpyrifos in larvae of the damselfly Coenagrion puella. Exposure to chlorpyrifos reduced the growth rate and heat tolerance (measured as CTmax). A key finding was that the pesticide had a greater impact on growth rates of intact animals, i.e. those that retained their lamellae. This reduced sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in animals without lamellae can be explained by the reduced outer surface area which is expected to result in a lower uptake of the pesticide. Larvae that underwent autotomy exhibited a lower heat tolerance, which may also be explained by the reduced surface area and the associated reduction in oxygen uptake. There is a wide diversity of morphological antipredator mechanisms, suggesting that there will be more examples where these mechanisms affect the vulnerability to pollutants. Given the importance of pollution and predation as structuring forces in aquatic food webs, exploring the potential interactions between morphological antipredator mechanisms and sensitivity to pollutants will be crucial for risk assessment of pollutants in aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wilco Verberk
- Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Talbott K, Wolf TM, Sebastian P, Abraham M, Bueno I, McLaughlin M, Harris T, Thompson R, Pessier AP, Travis D. Factors influencing detection and co-detection of Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Midwestern North American anuran populations. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:93-103. [PMID: 29733024 DOI: 10.3354/dao03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are in decline worldwide as they face a barrage of challenges, including infectious diseases caused by ranaviruses and the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Here we describe seasonal dynamics of Bd and ranavirus detection in free-ranging post-metamorphic wood frogs Lithobates sylvaticus, boreal chorus frogs Pseudacris maculata/triseriata, and gray treefrogs Hyla versicolor/chrysoscelis, sampled over a 3 season gradient in Minnesota (USA) wetlands. We detected Bd in 36% (n = 259) of individuals sampled in 3 wetlands in 2014, and 33% (n = 255) of individuals sampled in 8 wetlands in 2015. We also detected ranavirus in 60% and 18% of individuals sampled in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Ranavirus and Bd were detected concurrently in 26% and 2% of animals sampled in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We report clinical signs and associated infection status of sampled frogs; of the clinical signs observed, skin discoloration was significantly associated with ranavirus infection. Using generalized estimating equations, we found that species, season, wetland, and a species × season interaction term were significant predictors of Bd detection, whereas test year approached significance as a predictor of ranavirus detection. The odds of detecting both pathogens concurrently was significantly influenced by species, season, a species × season interaction term, year, and environmental ammonia. We propose an amphibian health monitoring scheme that couples population size surveys with seasonal molecular surveys of pathogen presence. This information is crucial to monitoring the health of remaining strongholds of healthy amphibian populations, as they face an uncertain future of further anthropogenic change.
Collapse
|
33
|
do Amaral DF, Montalvão MF, de Oliveira Mendes B, da Silva Castro AL, Malafaia G. Behavioral and mutagenic biomarkers in tadpoles exposed to different abamectin concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12932-12946. [PMID: 29478167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is known that pesticides such as abamectin (ABA) present cytotoxic effects on target organisms; however, the effects from ABA on non-target organisms such as amphibians are poorly understood. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether the exposure of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to different abamectin concentrations [12.5, 25, and 50% of the median lethal concentration (LC50)] leads to behavioral and morphological changes and/or generates possible cytotoxic effects. The aggregation test showed that tadpoles exposed to the highest ABA concentrations did not respond to the stimulus from non-familial and unrelated co-specific species. On the other hand, there was no difference in the total number of crossings in the central line of the herein adopted apparatus between groups; it suggests that ABA did not affect animal locomotion in the aforementioned test, although changes in the normal swimming pattern of tadpoles exposed to the pesticide were recorded in the swimming activity test. In addition, the herein exposed animals did not respond to the predatory stimulus in the antipredator response test; this result suggests defensive response deficit caused by the pesticide. With respect to their oral morphology, tadpoles exposed to ABA presented the lowest scores for mandibular pigmentation and structures, as well as for dentition condition. Finally, it was possible seeing that the exposure to ABA, even at the lowest concentration (12.5% of the LC50), resulted in nuclear changes in the erythrocytes of the animals; these changes became evident in the increased number of micronuclei and in other nuclear abnormalities. Thus, besides confirming the cytotoxic potential of ABA in amphibians, the current study corroborates the hypothesis that the exposure to the herein investigated pesticide leads to behavioral and morphological changes in tadpoles, fact that may negatively reflect on the survival, as well as on natural populations of these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Ferreira do Amaral
- Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Mendes
- Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - André Luis da Silva Castro
- Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
- Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, CEP: 75790-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Islam F, Wang J, Farooq MA, Khan MSS, Xu L, Zhu J, Zhao M, Muños S, Li QX, Zhou W. Potential impact of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on human and ecosystems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:332-351. [PMID: 29203058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is applied directly to aquatic and conventional farming systems to control weeds, and is among the most widely distributed pollutants in the environment. Non-target organisms are exposed to 2,4-D via several ways, which could produce toxic effects depending on the dose, frequency of exposure, and the host factors that influence susceptibility and sensitivity. An increasing number of experimental evidences have shown concerns about its presence/detection in the environment, because several investigations have pointed out its potential lethal effects on non-target organisms. In this review, we critically evaluated the environmental fate and behavior of 2,4-D along with its eco-toxicological effects on aquatic, plants and human life to provide concise assessment in the light of recently published reports. The findings demonstrate that 2,4-D is present in a low concentration in surface water of regions where its usage is high. The highest concentrations of 2,4-D were detected in soil, air and surface water surrounded by crop fields, which suggest that mitigation strategies must be implanted locally to prevent the entry of 2,4-D into the environment. A general public may have frequent exposure to 2,4-D due to its wide applications at home lawns and public parks, etc. Various in vivo and in vitro investigations suggest that several species (or their organs) at different trophic levels are extremely sensitive to the 2,4-D exposure, which may explain variation in outcomes of reported investigations. However, implications for the prenatal exposure to 2,4-D remain unknown because 2,4-D-induced toxicity thresholds in organism have only been derived from juveniles or adults. In near future, introduction of 2,4-D resistant crops will increase its use in agriculture, which may cause relatively high and potentially unsafe residue levels in the environment. The recent findings indicate the urgent need to further explore fate, accumulation and its continuous low level exposure impacts on the environment to generate reliable database which is key in drafting new regulation and policies to protect the population from further exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S S Khan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Stéphane Muños
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INRA, 441-2594, France
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA
| | - Weijun Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leaf extracts from an exotic tree affect responses to chemical cues in the palmate newt, Lissotriton helveticus. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Polo-Cavia N, Gomez-Mestre I. Pigmentation plasticity enhances crypsis in larval newts: associated metabolic cost and background choice behaviour. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39739. [PMID: 28051112 PMCID: PMC5209684 DOI: 10.1038/srep39739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In heterogeneous environments, the capacity for colour change can be a valuable adaptation enhancing crypsis against predators. Alternatively, organisms might achieve concealment by evolving preferences for backgrounds that match their visual traits, thus avoiding the costs of plasticity. Here we examined the degree of plasticity in pigmentation of newt larvae (Lissotriton boscai) in relation to predation risk. Furthermore, we tested for associated metabolic costs and pigmentation-dependent background choice behaviour. Newt larvae expressed substantial changes in pigmentation so that light, high-reflecting environment induced depigmentation whereas dark, low-reflecting environment induced pigmentation in just three days of exposure. Induced pigmentation was completely reversible upon switching microhabitats. Predator cues, however, did not enhance cryptic phenotypes, suggesting that environmental albedo induces changes in pigmentation improving concealment regardless of the perceived predation risk. Metabolic rate was higher in heavily pigmented individuals from dark environments, indicating a high energetic requirement of pigmentation that could impose a constraint to larval camouflage in dim habitats. Finally, we found partial evidence for larvae selecting backgrounds matching their induced phenotypes. However, in the presence of predator cues, larvae increased the time spent in light environments, which may reflect a escape response towards shallow waters rather than an attempt at increasing crypsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Polo-Cavia
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution, and Development Group, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC. E-41092 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|