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Lee TK, Kim YM, Lim HH. Comparison of anthropometric, metabolic, and body compositional abnormalities in Korean children and adolescents born small, appropriate, and large for gestational age: a population-based study from KNHANES V (2010-2011). Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:29-37. [PMID: 38461803 PMCID: PMC10925778 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346044.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The impacts of growth restriction and programming in the fetal stage on metabolic and bone health in children and adolescents are poorly understood. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence for the relationship between current growth status and metabolic components. Herein, we compared the growth status, metabolic and body compositions, and bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents based on birth weight at gestational age. METHODS We studied 1,748 subjects (272 small for gestational age [SGA], 1,286 appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and 190 large for gestational age [LGA]; 931 men and 817 women) aged 10-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V (2010-2011). Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood biochemistry, and body composition data were analyzed according to birth weight and gestational age. RESULTS The prevalence of low birth weight (14.7% vs. 1.2% in AGA and 3.2% in LGA, p<0.001) and current short stature (2.237 [1.296-3.861] compared to AGA, p=0.004) in SGA subjects was greater than that in other groups; however, the prevalence of overweight and obesity risks, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MetS component abnormalities was not. Moreover, no significant differences were found in age- and sex-adjusted lean mass ratio, fat mass ratio, truncal fat ratio, bone mineral content, or bone density among the SGA, AGA, and LGA groups in Korean children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that birth weight alone may not be a determining factor for body composition and bone mass in Korean children and adolescents. Further prospective and longitudinal studies in adults are necessary to confirm the impact of SGA on metabolic components and bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwan Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Han Hyuk Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Hou M, Qiu C. Ultra-Processed Food as Mediator of the Association between Birthweight and Childhood Body Weight Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4178. [PMID: 37836460 PMCID: PMC10574691 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the association between birthweight and childhood adiposity. We aimed to explore the interaction between ultra-processed food (UPF) and birthweight and its associations with bodyweight markers. The retrospective analysis of data from a Multicity Cohort Study across eastern China was conducted. UPF was computed as percentage of the energy intake and categorized into quartiles. Birthweight was categorized into low (LBW), normal (NBW) and high (HBW). The BMI z-score was calculated using the lambda-mu-sigma method. The sex- and age-specific BMI cutoff points were used to define weight status. Generalized linear models were used to examine modification effects and were performed after adjustment for covariates. The mean percentage of energy intake from UPF was 27.7% among 1370 children. Of all children, 2.3% and 21.4% were born with LBW and HBW, respectively. HBW was a permanent risk for high BMI measures, while LBW was associated with increased BMI measurements only by the addition of the interaction term. The subgroup analysis revealed that HBW and LBW were positively associated with BMI measurements in the lowest UPF intake (Q1), while HBW was related to high BMI measures in Q4. Our findings support efforts to recommend limiting UPF intake, especially for LBW children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- College of Humanities, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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Megersa BS, Zinab B, Ali R, Kedir E, Girma T, Berhane M, Admassu B, Friis H, Abera M, Olsen MF, Filteau S, Nitsch D, Yilma D, Wells JC, Andersen GS, Wibaek R. Associations of weight and body composition at birth with body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children aged 10 y: the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:412-421. [PMID: 37328067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although birth weight (BW) has been associated with later cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, the role of birth fat mass (BFM) and birth fat-free mass (BFFM) on cardiometabolic health is unclear. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of BW, BFM, and BFFM with later anthropometry, body composition, abdominal fat, and cardiometabolic markers. METHODS Birth cohort data on standardized exposure variables (BW, BFM, and BFFM) and follow-up information at age 10 y on anthropometry, body composition, abdominal fat, and cardiometabolic markers were included. A linear regression analysis was used to assess associations of exposures with outcome variables, adjusting for maternal and child characteristics at birth and current body size in separate models. RESULTS Among 353 children, mean (SD) age was 9.8 (1.0) y, and 51.5% were boys. In the fully adjusted model, 1-SD higher BW and BFFM were associated with 0.81 cm (95% CI: 0.21, 1.41 cm) and 1.25 cm (95% CI: 0.64, 1.85 cm) greater height at 10 y, respectively. The 1-SD higher BW and BFM were associated with 0.32 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.51 kg/m2) and 0.42 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.59 kg/m2) greater fat mass index at 10 y, respectively. In addition, 1-SD higher BW and BFFM were associated with 0.22 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.34 kg/m2) greater FFM index, whereas a 1-SD greater BFM was associated with a 0.05 cm greater subcutaneous adipose tissue (95% CI: 0.01, 0.11 cm). Furthermore, 1-SD higher BW and BFFM were associated with 10.3% (95% CI: 1.4%, 20.0%) and 8.3% (95% CI: -0.5%, 17.9%) greater insulin, respectively. Similarly, 1-SD higher BW and BFFM were associated with 10.0% (95% CI: 0.9%, 20.0%) and 8.5% (95% CI: -0.6%, 18.5%) greater homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS BW and BFFM rather than BFM are predictors of height and FFM index at 10 y. Children with higher BW and BFFM showed higher insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance at 10 y of age. This trial was registered at ISRCTN as ISRCTN46718296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikila S Megersa
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Beakal Zinab
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Rahma Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Kedir
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tsinuel Girma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Berhane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bitiya Admassu
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mette F Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Yilma
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jonathan Ck Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Center, Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rasmus Wibaek
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Mohd Saat NZ, Abd Talib R, Alarsan SF, Saadeh N, Shahrour G. Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among School Children Aged 6 to 18 Years: A Scoping Review. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2023; Volume 15:63-76. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s420370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Liu J, Wu Y, Ma Q, Wang X, Chen M, Ma T, Cui M, Li Y, Gao D, Ma Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Guo T, Ma J, Dong Y. The joint associations of high birth weight and not having siblings with metabolic obesity phenotype among school-aged children and adolescents: A National Survey in China. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13021. [PMID: 36912164 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Birth weight (BW) and sibling's status are two important indicators of early intrauterine environment and subsequent living environment, but no evidence has emerged on their joint associations on metabolic obesity phenotype. To determine the joint associations between BW and single-child status with childhood metabolic obesity phenotype was our purpose. METHODS A cross-sectional assessment of children and adolescents aged 7-18 years was performed in Chinese seven provinces in 2013. We obtained anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measurements, and distributed questionnaires covering demographic, neonatal and lifestyle characteristics. The metabolic obesity phenotype was defined by 2018 consensus-based criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the associations of BW and metabolic obesity phenotype, and estimate the multiplicative interactions and the combined associations of BW and single-child status with metabolic obesity phenotype. RESULTS Of enrolled 12 346 children and adolescents, the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) was 1.96% and 3.03%. There were 8.95% and 4.03% children with high BW or low BW, and 67.55% did not have siblings. High BW was positively associated with MHO (OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.28-2.94). Single-child also had increased odds of MHO and MUO (p < 0.05), and it had joint associations with high BW showing 0.85- to 2.58-fold higher odds of MUO and MHO. CONCLUSIONS High BW and single-child status have joint positive associations with the subsequent odds of MHO and MUO, which should be jointly prevented through earlier screening and subsequent preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Cui
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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Aghaee S, Deardorff J, Quesenberry CP, Greenspan LC, Kushi LH, Kubo A. Associations Between Childhood Obesity and Pubertal Timing Stratified by Sex and Race/Ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:2026-2036. [PMID: 35998084 PMCID: PMC10144668 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier puberty has been associated with numerous adverse mental, emotional, and physical health outcomes. Obesity is a known risk factor for earlier puberty in girls, but research with boys has yielded inconsistent findings. We examined sex- and race/ethnicity-specific associations between childhood obesity and puberty in a multiethnic cohort of 129,824 adolescents born at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical facility between 2003 and 2011. We used Weibull regression models to explore associations between childhood obesity and breast development onset (thelarche) in girls, testicular enlargement onset (gonadarche) in boys, and pubic hair development onset (pubarche) in both sexes, adjusting for important confounders. Clear dose-response relationships were observed. Boys with severe obesity had the greatest risk for earlier gonadarche (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence limit: 1.15, 1.32) and pubarche (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence limit: 1.34, 1.55), while underweight boys had delayed puberty compared with peers with normal body mass index. A similar dose-response relationship was observed in girls. There were significant interactions between childhood body mass index and race/ethnicity. Childhood obesity is associated with earlier puberty in both boys and girls, and the magnitude of the associations may vary by race/ethnicity. Prevention of childhood obesity may delay pubertal timing and mitigate health risks associated with both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ai Kubo
- Correspondence to Dr. Ai Kubo, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 (e-mail: )
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Grillo MA, Mariani G, Ferraris JR. Prematurity and Low Birth Weight in Neonates as a Risk Factor for Obesity, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Pediatric and Adult Age. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:769734. [PMID: 35186967 PMCID: PMC8850406 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.769734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low weight at birth may be due to intrauterine growth restriction or premature birth. Preterm birth is more common in low- and middle-income countries: 60% of preterm birth occur in sub-Saharan African or South Asian countries. However, in some higher-income countries, preterm birth rates appear to be increasing in relation to a reduction in the lower threshold of fetal viability. The cutoff is at 22–23 weeks, with a birth weight of approximately 500 g, although in developed countries such as Japan, the viability cutoff described is 21–22 weeks. There is evidence of the long-term consequences of prenatal programming of organ function and its relationship among adult diseases, such as hypertension (HT), central obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Premature delivery before the completion of nephrogenesis and intrauterine growth restriction leads to a reduction in the number of nephrons that are larger due to compensatory hyperfiltration and hypertrophy, which predisposes to the development of CKD in adulthood. In these patients, the long-term strategies are early evaluation and therapeutic interventions to decrease the described complications, by screening for HT, microalbuminuria and proteinuria, ultrasound monitoring, and renal function, with the emphasis on preventive measures. This review describes the effects of fetal programming on renal development and the risk of obesity, HT, and CKD in the future in patients with low birth weight (LBW), and the follow-up and therapeutic interventions to reduce these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agostina Grillo
- Pediatric Department Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Mariani
- Pediatric Department Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Neonatology Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Ferraris
- Pediatric Department Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pediatric Department, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Jorge R. Ferraris
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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Pantea CL, Olah O, Marginean O, Moga TV. Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010204. [PMID: 35011079 PMCID: PMC8746946 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Small and large birth weights (BWs) for gestational age (GA) represent extremes, but the correlation between extreme BW and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined this correlation in obese children based on changes in their metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence. A retrospective observational study was performed on 535 obese patients aged 0–18 years in the Clinical and Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu” in Timisoara, Romania, based on clinical and biological data from January 2015 to December 2019. We emphasized the links between extreme BW and obesity, extreme BW and cardiometabolic risk, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and extreme BW, obesity and MetS. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) predominated over those born small for gestational age (SGA). Our findings showed that BW has an independent effect on triglycerides and insulin resistance, whereas obesity had a direct influence on hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. The influences of BW and obesity on the development of MetS and its components are difficult to separate; therefore, large prospective studies in normal-weight patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics—1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (T.O.B.-M.); (O.M.)
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania
- Laboratory of Advanced Researches in Environmental Protection, Oituz 4, 300086 Timişoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-517-275
| | - Cristina Loredana Pantea
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
| | - Orsolya Olah
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
- Department VIII of Neuroscience—Psychology Discipline, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Marginean
- Department XI of Pediatrics—1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (T.O.B.-M.); (O.M.)
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine—Gastroenterology Discipline, Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Soltani S, Salari-Moghaddam A, Saneei P, Askari M, Larijani B, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight: a dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:224-233. [PMID: 34224282 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1945532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Earlier published studies on maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy in relation to the risk of low birth weight (LBW) (birth weight <2500 g) have indicated conflicting findings. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW. METHODS We searched for relevant articles published up to Jan 2021 through PubMed and Scopus. For this purpose, we used MESH (Medical Subject Heading) and non-MESH keywords. Cohort studies that considered maternal caffeine intake as the exposure variable and LBW as the main outcome variable were included in the systematic review. Finally, seven cohort studies were considered in this systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS Combining seven effect sizes, we found a significant positive association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.19-2.43). We also found that each additional 100-mg per day of maternal caffeine intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of LBW (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03-1.22; Pheterogeneity = 0.020). In addition, nonlinear dose-response analysis showed a significant relationship (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a significant positive association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soltani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Andriani H. Birth weight and childhood obesity: effect modification by residence and household wealth. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2021; 18:6. [PMID: 33975611 PMCID: PMC8111737 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-021-00096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are both genetic and environmental factors which contribute to a child's chances of being obese. When low birth weight (LBW) has been specifically evaluated relative to its association with childhood obesity, the results have produced conflicting findings. This study aims to describe the relationship between birth weight and childhood obesity and investigate the influence that residence and household wealth has on this relationship. METHODS I performed a secondary analysis on the 2013 Riskesdas (or Basic Health Research), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the Indonesian population. Height, weight, information regarding child's birth weight, and basic characteristics of the study population were collected from parents with children aged 0 to 5 years (n = 63,237) in 2013. The exposure was child's birth weight and the outcomes were child's current weight, BMI z-score, and obesity. Data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS I found a significant increase in the weight, BMI z-score, and risk of childhood obesity to be associated with LBW. LBW children in rural area were associated with higher BMI z-score (mean ± standard error: 1.44 ± 0.02) and higher odds (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 7.46 (6.77-8.23)) of obesity than those in urban area. LBW children from low class families were associated with higher BMI z-score (1.79 ± 0.04) and had higher odds (14.79 (12.47-17.54)) of obesity than those from middle class and wealthy families. CONCLUSIONS Effective prevention and intervention to childhood obesity as early as possible are imperative. As far as this study was concerned, efforts, policies, and targets are required to reduce the prevalence of LBW. Children born of LBW, who live in a rural area and from low income families, should be emphatically intervened as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Andriani
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Lingkar Kampus Raya Universitas Indonesia Street, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
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Chatterjee S, Ouidir M, Tekola-Ayele F. Pleiotropic genetic influence on birth weight and childhood obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:48. [PMID: 33420178 PMCID: PMC7794220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie early origins of childhood obesity can facilitate interventions. Consistent phenotypic and genetic correlations have been found between childhood obesity traits and birth weight (a proxy for in-utero growth), suggesting shared genetic influences (pleiotropy). We aimed to (1) investigate whether there is significant shared genetic influence between birth weight and childhood obesity traits, and (2) to identify genetic loci with shared effects. Using a statistical approach that integrates summary statistics and functional annotations for paired traits, we found strong evidence of pleiotropy (P < 3.53 × 10–127) and enrichment of functional annotations (P < 1.62 × 10–39) between birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI)/obesity. The pleiotropic loci were enriched for regulatory features in skeletal muscle, adipose and brain tissues and in cell lines derived from blood lymphocytes. At 5% false discovery rate, 6 loci were associated with birth weight and childhood BMI and 13 loci were associated with birth weight and childhood obesity. Out of these 19 loci, one locus (EBF1) was novel to childhood obesity and one locus (LMBR1L) was novel to both birth weight and childhood BMI/obesity. These findings give evidence of substantial shared genetic effects in the regulation of both fetal growth and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvo Chatterjee
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA
| | - Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Room 3204, Bethesda, 20892-7004, USA.
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12
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Hirschler V, Edit S, Miorin C, Guntsche Z, Maldonado N, Garcia C, Lapertosa S, Gonzalez CD. Association Between High Birth Weight and Later Central Obesity in 9-Year-Old Schoolchildren. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:213-217. [PMID: 33290153 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) is associated with body mass index (BMI), but its association with waist circumference (WC) in children should be further explored. To determine the association between central obesity (OB) in 9-year-old Argentinean schoolchildren and high BW. Methods: Schoolchildren (n = 2567, 1157 males) aged 8.7 ± 2.1 years from 10 elementary schools in 5 states in Argentina were examined between April 2017 and September 2019. Mothers submitted children's BW information. Pediatricians assessed anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP). Central OB was defined for children as WC ≥90th percentile for age and gender. Results: The prevalence of overweight (OW) and OB (OW/OB) was 42.7% (1095) and that of central OB was 34.8% (856) in 9-year-old children. The prevalence of low BW (<2500 grams) and high BW (>4000 grams) was 6.6% (n = 169) and 7.4% (n = 190), respectively. BW (3.25 vs. 3.36 kg), weight (31.38 vs. 42.88 kg), BMI (17.29 vs. 22.25 kg/m2), BMI z-scores (z-BMI; 0.25 vs. 1.63), systolic BP (96 vs. 98 mmHg), and diastolic BP (59 vs. 60 mmHg) were significantly lower in 9-year-old children without central OB than in those with central OB, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis using central OB as the dependent variable showed that high BW [odds ratio, 1.98 (95% confidence interval 1.44-2.73)] was associated with central OB, adjusted for age, gender, and systolic and diastolic BP. Conclusion: This study shows that central OB in 9-year-old children was associated with high BW. Future longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm this finding. Clinical Registration number, IATIMET-08102019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hirschler
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scaiola Edit
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Miorin
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Zelmira Guntsche
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Natacha Maldonado
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Concepcion Garcia
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lapertosa
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio D Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aly GS, Hassan NE, Anwar GM, Ahmed HH, El-Masry SA, El-Banna RA, Ahmed NH, Kamal AN, Tarkan RS. Ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio as potential mediators for food intake among obese children: a case control study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:199-204. [PMID: 31926094 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Ghrelin and obestatin are two gastric hormones encoded by the same preproghrelin gene that convey information concerning nutritional status to the central nervous system. Ghrelin has been considered as an appetite stimulating peptide that has a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obestatin has been described for its appetite suppressing effects opposing ghrelin's effect on food intake. The study aimed to evaluate ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese children compared to non-obese and correlate them to food macronutrients intake. Methods This study is a cross-sectional case control study comprising 60 obese children, in addition to 31 age- and sex-matched controls. All children were subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric assessment, and a 3-day 24-h dietary recall. Fasting serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were evaluated, the ghrelin/obestatin ratio was calculated and they were correlated to macronutrients intake. Results Obese children had significantly lower serum fasting levels of ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio than the control group. The mean intake of total energy and macronutrients was significantly higher in obese children. Ghrelin showed positive correlation with total energy and fat intake in the obese group. Obestatin had positive correlations with total energy and fat intake while the ghrelin/obestatin ratio had a negative correlation with the total energy intake in the control group. Conclusions Ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio were significantly lower in obese children and significantly associated with their total energy intake. Disturbed ghrelin to obestatin balance may have a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal S Aly
- Medical Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayera E Hassan
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Anwar
- Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo University, Kasr AlAiny, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokia A El-Banna
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nihad H Ahmed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayat N Kamal
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham S Tarkan
- Lecturer of Pediatrics, Medical Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, 9 Ahmed Mekemar st, Nozha Gededa,Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Liao L, Deng Y, Zhao D. Association of Low Birth Weight and Premature Birth With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:405. [PMID: 32850529 PMCID: PMC7399155 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of preterm or low birth weight (LBW) with the risk of metabolic syndrome is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between preterm or LBW and metabolic syndrome risk according to study or participants' characteristics. PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for epidemiologic studies on the association published up to April 30, 2020. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Low birth weight was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17-1.61). In the subgroup analysis by study design, the pooled ORs for LBW and metabolic syndrome in the cohort and cross-sectional studies were 1.79 and 1.22. In the subgroup analysis by sex, LBW was found to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in pooled studies including both men and women or studies including only women. The association between premature birth and risk of metabolic syndrome was significant in cohort studies (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.12-2.65). Also, LBW or preterm was significantly associated with a higher Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (WMD, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19-0.36). Low birth weight and preterm might be risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Reply. J Pediatr 2019; 213:249-250. [PMID: 31300309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Fang K, He Y, Mu M, Liu K. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:1167-1173. [PMID: 31122092 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1623780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The object of the present study was to estimate the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and low birth weight by systematically review prevalence studies. METHODS We collected data from relevant studies published up to April 2019 using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. And all the studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 16 studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. When compared with normal serum levels of vitamin D, the maternal vitamin D deficiency had an increased risk of low birth weight (OR = 2.39; 95%CI 1.25-4.57; p = .008), and same results were found in the comparison of the mean (the total mean birth weight decreased by 0.08 kg; 95%CI -0.10 to -0.06; p < .001). CONCLUSION The evidence from this meta-analysis indicates a consistent association between vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and an increased risk of low birth weight, and preventing maternal vitamin D deficiency may be an important public health strategy to help decrease the risk of low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Fang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuna He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Min Mu
- College of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupation Health an Poison Control, Beijing, China
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17
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Markopoulou P, Papanikolaou E, Analytis A, Zoumakis E, Siahanidou T. Preterm Birth as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease in Adult Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2019; 210:69-80.e5. [PMID: 30992219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if preterm birth is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in adult life. STUDY DESIGN A structured literature search was performed using PubMed. All comparative studies reported metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in adults (≥18 years of age) born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) compared with adults born at term (37-42 weeks of gestation) and published through March 2018 were included. The major outcomes assessed were body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 24-hour SBP, 24-hour DBP, endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Estimated Insulin Resistance Index, and lipid profiles. Quality appraisal was performed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was performed for comparable studies which reported sufficient data. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included, including a combined total of 18 295 preterm and 294 063 term-born adults. Prematurity was associated with significantly higher fat mass (P = .03), SBP (P < .0001), DBP (P < .0001), 24-hour SBP (P < .001), and 24-hour DBP (P < .001). Furthermore, preterm-born adults presented higher values of fasting glucose (P = .01), insulin (P = .002), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Estimated Insulin Resistance Index (P = .05), and total cholesterol levels (P = .05) in comparison with adults born at term, in random effect models. No statistically significant difference was found between preterm and term-born adults for the other outcomes studied. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth is strongly associated with a number of components of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Markopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Analytis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Zoumakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tania Siahanidou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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18
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Dong B, Dong YH, Yang ZG, Wang XJ, Zou ZY, Wang Z, Ma J. Healthy Body Weight may Modify Effect of Abnormal Birth Weight on Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:462-469. [PMID: 30699246 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between birth weight (BW) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and to further investigate whether having a healthy body weight could modify the potential adverse influence of abnormal BW on MetS risk. METHODS A total of 6,206 participants aged 10 to 17 years were recruited using data from a Chinese national survey conducted in 2012. Gestational age-specific BW percentiles were used to classify small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age, and large for gestational age (LGA). Fractional polynomial regression, logistic regression, and population-attributable risk (PAR) were used to assess the relationship between BMI and BW with MetS. RESULTS MetS risk increased by 73% (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.06-2.84) in SGA adolescents with overweight or obesity, but not in those without overweight, compared with their counterparts with BW appropriate for gestational age. A huge difference between PAR percent of MetS because of SGA and PAR percent because of overweight or obesity was detected. For example, PAR percent of SGA was 2.4% (95% CI: 0.1%-4.6%) in adolescents with overweight or obesity, while PAR percent of overweight or obesity was 44.2% (95% CI: 33.3%-53.2%) in those who were SGA infants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that healthy body weight could relieve the adverse impact of SGA on MetS in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Geng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Jie Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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Savas M, Wester VL, Visser JA, Kleinendorst L, van der Zwaag B, van Haelst MM, van den Akker ELT, van Rossum EFC. Extensive Phenotyping for Potential Weight-Inducing Factors in an Outpatient Population with Obesity. Obes Facts 2019; 12:369-384. [PMID: 31216558 PMCID: PMC6758708 DOI: 10.1159/000499978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with miscellaneous weight-inducing determinants. A comprehensive assessment of known obesity-related factors other than diet and physical activity within one cohort is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of potential contributors to obesity and self-reported triggers for marked weight gain in an adult population with obesity and between obesity classes. METHODS In this observational cohort study, we assessed 408 persons with obesity (aged 41.3 ± 14.2 years, BMI 40.5 ± 6.2) visiting our obesity clinic. They were evaluated for use of weight-inducing drugs, hormonal abnormalities, menarcheal age, (high) birth weight, sleep deprivation, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We additionally assessed self-reported triggers for marked weight gain and performed genetic testing in patients suspected of genetic obesity. RESULTS Nearly half of the patients were using a potentially weight-inducing drug, which was also the most reported trigger for marked weight gain. For the assessed hormonal conditions, a relatively high prevalence was found for hypothyroidism (14.1%), polycystic ovary syndrome (12.0%), and male hypogonadism (41.7%). A relatively low average menarcheal age (12.6 ± 1.8 years) was reported, whereas there was a high prevalence of a high birth weight (19.5%). Sleep deprivation and OSAS were reported in, respectively, 14.5 and 13.7% of the examined patients. Obesity class appeared to have no influence on the majority of the assessed factors. Of the genetically analyzed patients, a definitive genetic diagnosis was made in 3 patients (1.9%). CONCLUSIONS A thorough evaluation of patients with obesity yields a relatively high prevalence of various potentially weight-inducing factors. Diagnostic screening of patients with obesity could therefore benefit these patients by potentially reducing the social stigma and improving the outcomes of obesity treatment programs by tackling, where possible, the weight-inducing factors in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Savas
- Obesity Center CGG (Centrum Gezond Gewicht), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent L Wester
- Obesity Center CGG (Centrum Gezond Gewicht), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Obesity Center CGG (Centrum Gezond Gewicht), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Obesity Center CGG (Centrum Gezond Gewicht), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Obesity Center CGG (Centrum Gezond Gewicht), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
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Kassotis CD, Nagel SC, Stapleton HM. Unconventional oil and gas chemicals and wastewater-impacted water samples promote adipogenesis via PPARγ-dependent and independent mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1601-1610. [PMID: 29937353 PMCID: PMC6197861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) operations have contributed to a surge in domestic oil and natural gas production in the United States, combining horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing to unlock previously inaccessible fossil fuel deposits. >1000 organic chemicals are used in the production process, and wastewater is produced following injection and for the life of the producing well. This wastewater is typically disposed of via injecting into disposal wells for long-term storage, treatment and discharge from wastewater treatment plants, and/or storage in open evaporation pits; however, wastewater spill rates are reported at 2-20% of active well sites across regions, increasing concerns about the environmental impacts of these wastewaters. This study assessed adipogenic activity (both triglyceride accumulation and pre-adipocyte proliferation) for a mixture of 23 commonly used UOG chemicals and a small subset of UOG wastewater-impacted surface water extracts from Colorado and West Virginia, using 3T3-L1 cells and a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) reporter assay. We report potent and efficacious adipogenic activity induced by both a laboratory-created UOG chemical mixture and UOG-impacted water samples at concentrations below environmental levels. We further report activation of PPARγ at similar concentrations for some samples, suggesting a causative molecular pathway for the observed effects, but not for other adipogenic samples, implicating PPARγ-dependent and independent effects from UOG associated chemicals. Taken together, these results suggest that UOG wastewater has the potential to impact metabolic health at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Hong YH, Chung S. Small for gestational age and obesity related comorbidities. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:4-8. [PMID: 29609443 PMCID: PMC5894558 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature and metabolic alterations in later life. The result of SGA followed by rapid weight gain during early postnatal life has been associated with increased long-term risks for central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, increased fat mass, and cardiovascular disease. We should carefully monitor their weight during infancy and childhood to prevent excessive rates of weight gain. 'Healthy catch up growth' may decreased the risk of obesity-related comorbidities in SGA. Establishing the optimal growth patterns in SGA to minimize short- and long-term risks is important, and further studies will be needed. This review discusses recent studies concentrating on obesity-related morbidities in SGA infants that may provide insight into growth monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ansari H, Qorbani M, Rezaei F, Djalalinia S, Asadi M, Miranzadeh S, Motlagh ME, Bayat S, Safiri S, Safari O, Shamsizadeh M, Kelishadi R. Association of birth weight with abdominal obesity and weight disorders in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:140-146. [PMID: 29118946 PMCID: PMC5670335 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the association of birth weight (BW) with weight disorders in a national sample of Iranian pediatric population. Methods: This nationwide survey was conducted among 25000 student's aged 6-18 year-old students, who were selected using multistage cluster random sampling from 30 provinces of Iran in 2011-2012. Anthropometric measures were measured under standard protocols by using calibrated instruments. Abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference (WC) ≥90th percentile value for age and sex. The WHO criterion was used to categorize BMI. Students' BW was asked from parents using validate questionnaire and was categorized as low BW (LBW) (BW <2500 g), normal BW (NBW) (BW: 2500-4000 g) and high BW (HBW) (BW>4000 g). Results: This national survey was conducted among 23043 school students (participation rate: 92.6%). The mean age of participants (50.8% boys) was 12.54 ± 3.31 years. Results of multivariate logistic regression show that LBW increased odds of underweight (OR [odds ratio]: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.89) and students with HBW had decreased odds of underweight (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.93) compared to students with NBW. Students with LBW compared to student with NBW had decreased odds of overweight (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98) and general obesity (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). On the other hand, HBW increased odd of overweight (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.50), generalized obesity (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.96) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.49) compared to NBW group. Conclusion: BW is a determinant of weight disorders and abdominal obesity in childhood and adolescence. This finding underscores the importance of prenatal care as well as close monitoring of the growth pattern of children born with low or high BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ansari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Miranzadeh
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sahel Bayat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Cieśla E, Zaręba M, Kozieł S. The level of physical fitness in children aged 6-7years with low birthweight. Early Hum Dev 2017; 111:23-29. [PMID: 28544886 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Level of physical fitness is related to the functional status of most of the bodily functions and so it appears to be very important to identify perinatal factors influencing physical fitness. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of birth weight on the level of physical fitness in children 6-7years of age. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Physical fitness was assessed using EUROFIT tests in 28,623 children, aged 6-7years, from rural areas in Poland. Children below the 10th percentile for birth weight for gestational age were defined as small for gestational age (SGA). The influence of birth weight on parameters of fitness was assessed by means of covariance analysis. RESULTS With the controls of age, sex and body size, children of low birth weight have shown significantly lower levels of body flexibility and running speed. The leg strength of children with SGA turned out to be significantly lower only in 7-year-old boys. CONCLUSION This study has revealed the significant influence of birth weight on physical fitness. The results suggest the importance of early intervention and its possible benefits for developing and maintaining the proper level of physical fitness further in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cieśla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 19 IX Wieków Kielc Street, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Monika Zaręba
- Faculty of Pedagogy and Arts, Jan Kochanowski University, 11 Krakowska Street, 25-029 Kielce, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kozieł
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 75 Podwale Street, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Chaudhari S, Otiv M, Hoge M, Pandit A, Sayyed M. Components of Metabolic syndrome at 22 years of age–Findings from Pune low birth weight study. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:461-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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El Samahi MH, Ismail NA, Matter RM, Selim A, Ibrahim AA, Nabih W. Study of Visfatin Level in Type 1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:299-304. [PMID: 28698746 PMCID: PMC5503726 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin is an intracellular enzyme, known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) and pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF-1). It has insulin-mimetic effects and lowers plasma glucose levels. AIM The aim of the work was to assess serum concentration of Visfatin in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents and study its relationships with duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), glycemic control, insulin dosage, lipid profile and microvascular complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited with 30 ages and gender-matched healthy subjects. They were subjected to history taking; anthropometric measurements and chronic diabetic complications were recorded if present. Laboratory analysis included urinary microalbumin, serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) and serum visfatin which was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Diabetic patients showed highly significant decrease in the level of visfatin compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). There was significant further decrease in visfatin level in diabetics with microalbuminuria (n = 13) compared to normoalbuminuric patients (n = 37) (P = 0.015). There was highly significant inverse correlation between visfatin level with age (r = -0.379, p = 0.007), BMI (r = -0.418, p = 0.003), waist circumference (r = -0.430, p = 0.002), hip circumference (r = -0.389, p = 0.005) and microalbuminuria (r = -0.323, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents had a significantly lower visfatin level compared to controls. A marked decrease in the level of visfatin was shown in patients with microalbuminuria with an inverse correlation with BMI suggesting an important role of visfatin in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetics and type 1 diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H El Samahi
- Pediatrics Department and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Randa M Matter
- Pediatrics Department and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Selim
- Pediatrics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa Nabih
- Pediatrics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Kuciene R, Dulskiene V, Medzioniene J. Associations between high birth weight, being large for gestational age, and high blood pressure among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:373-381. [PMID: 28058464 PMCID: PMC5847040 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Low birth weight and being small for gestational age are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the results from the studies examining the associations between high birth weight (HBW), being large for gestational age (LGA), and high blood pressure (HBP) are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between HBW and being LGA alone and in combinations with body mass index (BMI) categories in adolescence and HBP among Lithuanian adolescents aged 12–15 years. Methods The participants with HBP (≥90th percentile) were screened on two separate occasions. Data on the BMI, birth weight (BW), gestational age, and BP were analyzed in 4598 adolescents. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results The overall prevalence of HBW (>4000 g), being LGA, adolescent overweight/obesity, and HBP were 13.9, 10.4, 14.5, and 25.6%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, significant positive associations were found between HBW and being LGA and HBP (HBW: aOR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11–1.63; LGA: aOR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16–1.79). After adjustment for age and sex and compared to BW 2500–4000 g and being AGA (appropriate for gestational age) with normal weight in adolescence, the combinations that included both risk factors—HBW with overweight/obesity and being LGA with overweight/obesity—showed higher aORs (aOR 4.36; 95% CI, 3.04–6.26; and aOR 5.03; 95% CI, 3.33–7.60, respectively) than those with either of these risk factors alone did. Conclusions HBW and being LGA were positively associated with HBP in Lithuanian adolescents aged 12–15 years. The highest odds of having HBP were observed for subjects with both risk factors—neonatal HBW or being LGA and overweight/obesity in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kuciene
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Virginija Dulskiene
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Medzioniene
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Zarrati M, Hojaji E, Razmpoosh E, Nezhad FN, Keyvani H, Shoormasti RS, Shidfar F. Is high waist circumference and body weight associated with high blood pressure in Iranian primary school children? Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:687-693. [PMID: 27492491 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of overweight, abdominal obesity and hypertension among children has increased worldwide including Iran over several decades. We carried out a study to provide current estimates of the prevalence and trends of hypertension, overweight and obesity along with the relationship between weight status and hypertension in Iranian school-children. METHOD This study was carried out among 1184 fifth-grade students, whose ages ranged from 11 to 14 years. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), height and waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. RESULTS 22.04 and 5.32 % of students were overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher among girls than boys (all p = 0.02), whereas the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in boys than girls (p = 0.001). Although 27 % of boys and 24.32 % of girls had abdominal obesity, no significant associations were reported between abdominal obesity and sex (p = 0.12). The prevalence of hypertension in children with normal weight, overweight and obesity, was 3, 9.7 and 17.8 %, respectively (p < 0.01). We have obtained that the mean values of weight and WC were significantly higher in boys than girls. Based on linear regression, every 1 cm increase in abdominal circumference leads to an estimated DBP and SBP increase of 0.173 and 0.164 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension and obesity in a school-based population in Tehran, Iran, in which the prevalence of hypertension was significantly and positively correlated with weight and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hojaji
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elham Razmpoosh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasiri Nezhad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alfonso-Durruty MP, Valeggia CR. Growth patterns among indigenous Qom children of the Argentine Gran Chaco. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:895-904. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta P. Alfonso-Durruty
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology & Social-Work; Kansas State University; 008 Waters Hall Manhattan Kansas
| | - Claudia R. Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology; Yale University; 10 Sachem St. New Haven Connecticut
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Yuan ZP, Yang M, Liang L, Fu JF, Xiong F, Liu GL, Gong CX, Luo FH, Chen SK, Zhang DD, Zhang S, Zhu YM. Possible role of birth weight on general and central obesity in Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Ann Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Metabolic syndrome and its associated early-life factors in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1147-54. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 7- to 17-year-old children and adolescents in China and to examine the relationship between MetS and its associated early-life factors.DesignData were collected using a standard parent/guardian questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. Each participant underwent a complete anthropometric evaluation. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF; 2007) for children and adolescents.SettingGuangzhou, a large city in South China, September 2013.SubjectsA total of 1770 children and adolescents were enrolled in the study, including 913 girls (51·6 %) and 857 boys (48·4 %).ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents was 1·1 % (n 19), which was higher in boys (1·4 %) than in girls (0·8 %). Multivariate analysis indicated that high birth weight was significantly associated with abdominal obesity (OR=2·86; 95 % CI 1·62, 5·06) and MetS (OR=3·61; 95 % CI 1·33, 9·82). Furthermore, >6 months of maternal breast-feeding was inversely associated with MetS (OR=0·39; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·98).ConclusionBased on IDF criteria, the prevalence of MetS among southern Chinese children was significantly lower than that in other populations. High birth weight was significantly associated with abdominal obesity and MetS, and breast-feeding for longer than 6 months was inversely associated with MetS in South China.
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Toselli S, Zaccagni L, Celenza F, Albertini A, Gualdi-Russo E. Risk factors of overweight and obesity among preschool children with different ethnic background. Endocrine 2015; 49:717-25. [PMID: 25420642 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in 2,640 preschool children in Italy taking into account the ethnic background of the parents. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Personal and lifestyle data for the children (birth weight, type of breastfeeding, sleep duration, skipping breakfast, snacking, physical activity) and parents (ethnicity, educational level, occupation, weight, height) were collected by means of a questionnaire. Italian and Other European children generally showed the highest percentage of normal weight, while the other ethnic groups presented a greater imbalance. Overweight and obesity were high in African males, who also presented high birth weight. Breastfeeding was most common, although formula feeding was significantly higher in Italians than in immigrants. Immigrants, particularly males, tended to skip breakfast more than Italians. Physical activity was significantly higher in Italians than in immigrants. In the parents, underweight was particularly high in Italian and Other mothers. African parents had high rates of overweight and obesity and a low educational level. The most common profession was worker for the fathers and housewife for the mothers, with the exception of Italians in which clerical work prevailed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the BMI of children was closely related to the BMI of the parents and the birth weight. Hence, these are the most informative parameters in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40121, Bologna, Italy,
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Pryor LE, Brendgen M, Tremblay RE, Pingault JB, Liu X, Dubois L, Touchette E, Falissard B, Boivin M, Côté SM. Early Risk Factors of Overweight Developmental Trajectories during Middle Childhood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131231. [PMID: 26121682 PMCID: PMC4487897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is needed to identify early life risk factors associated with different developmental paths leading to overweight by adolescence. OBJECTIVES To model heterogeneity in overweight development during middle childhood and identify factors associated with differing overweight trajectories. METHODS Data was drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD; 1998-2010). Trained research assistants measured height and weight according to a standardized protocol and conducted yearly home interviews with the child's caregiver (mother in 98% of cases). Information on several putative early life risk factors for the development of overweight were obtained, including factors related to the child's perinatal, early behavioral family and social environment. Group-based trajectories of the probability of overweight (6-12 years) were identified with a semiparametric method (n=1678). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify early risk factors (5 months- 5 years) associated with each trajectory. RESULTS Three trajectories of overweight were identified: "early-onset overweight" (11.0 %), "late-onset overweight" (16.6%) and "never overweight" (72.5%). Multinomial analyses indicated that children in the early and late-onset group, compared to the never overweight group, had 3 common types of risk factors: parental overweight, preschool overweight history, and large size for gestational age. Maternal overprotection (OR= 1.12, CI: 1.01-1.25), short nighttime sleep duration (OR=1.66, CI: 1.07-2.57), and immigrant status (OR=2.01, CI: 1.05-3.84) were factors specific to the early-onset group. Finally, family food insufficiency (OR=1.81, CI: 1.00-3.28) was weakly associated with membership in the late-onset trajectory group. CONCLUSIONS The development of overweight in childhood follows two different trajectories, which have common and distinct risk factors that could be the target of early preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Pryor
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Lise Dubois
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Evelyne Touchette
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Quebec in Trois Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec
| | - Bruno Falissard
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U669, Paris, France
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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Kelishadi R, Haghdoost AA, Jamshidi F, Aliramezany M, Moosazadeh M. Low birthweight or rapid catch-up growth: which is more associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in later life? A systematic review and cryptanalysis. Paediatr Int Child Health 2015; 35:110-23. [PMID: 25034799 DOI: 10.1179/2046905514y.0000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of birthweight (the Barker hypothesis) and growth trajectory in early life on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in later life have been investigated in a number of studies. OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review and cryptanalysis of the association of low birthweight (LBW) and the postnatal growth trajectory with CVD and its risk factors. METHODS English-language publications in PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched. Initially, two independent reviewers identified relevant papers in several steps and the quality of papers was then determined by a validated quality-appraisal checklist. RESULTS By applying maximum sensitivity, 7259 paper were identified, 382 of which were duplicates and 1273 were considered to be relevant to the topic. Then, after title and abstract review, 628 irrelevant papers were excluded; 26 papers were added after reference-checking. Then, 250 other papers were deleted after full text review. Finally, 39 relevant papers remained and were entered into the systematic review. Overall, 79·6% of all CVD risk factors reported in primary studies of the rapid catch-up growth hypothesis were statistically significant, whereas the corresponding figure was 58·5% for the effects of LBW (Barker hypothesis). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review highlights the importance of low birthweight in increasing the risk of CVD and its risk factors in later life. The results support rapid postnatal catch-up growth of LBW neonates as a more important factor than LBW alone in CVD and its risk factors.
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Cho WK, Jung IA, Suh BK. Current growth status and metabolic parameters of Korean adolescents born small for gestational age: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2010-2011. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:344-8. [PMID: 24373004 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, little information is available on current growth status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components according to birthweight at gestational age (BWGA) on Korean adolescents. Herein, the current height and weight and MetS components of Korean adolescents who were born as small for gestational age (SGA) were compared to those of the appropriate for GA (AGA) or large for GA (LGA) groups. METHODS Data for 2018 adolescents (aged 10-18 years) recorded in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011 conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare were assessed in this cross-sectional study. A total of 1750 subjects were assessed for current growth according to BWGA, and 792 were assessed for MetS components according to BWGA. RESULTS From the birth history of 1750 adolescents, the prevalence of SGA, AGA, and LGA was 11.4% (n = 193), 77.7% (n = 1366), and 10.9% (n = 191), respectively. Current height-standard deviation score (SDS) and weight-SDS were significantly positively related to BWGA in all Korean adolescents (P < 0.0001). Of the 792 adolescents, the prevalence of MetS was 1.2% (n = 9). There were no differences in MetS components in Korean adolescents between SGA and AGA or LGA group. CONCLUSION BWGA is related to current height and weight in Korean adolescents but is not related to individual components of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Shenavar R, Kalantari N, Rashidkhani B, Hooshyarrad A. Determination of The Primary Reasons For Overweight and Obesity Among First Grade Elementary School Students in Shiraz During The Academic Year 2010-2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cobayashi F, Augusto RA, Lourenço BH, Muniz PT, Cardoso MA. Factors associated with stunting and overweight in Amazonian children: a population-based, cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:551-60. [PMID: 23452910 PMCID: PMC10282398 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of stunting and overweight in children and identify demographic, socio-economic and maternal characteristics, as well as biochemical indicators, associated with these outcomes. DESIGN A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed. Data from structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood and stool samples were used in Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) according to a hierarchical conceptual framework. SETTING Acrelândia, western Brazilian Amazon. SUBJECTS Children (n 1139) aged <10 years. RESULTS Prevalence of stunting was 7·1 % (95 % CI 5·1, 9·6 %) and 3·7 % (95 % CI 2·4, 5·7 %) among children aged <5 years and ≥5 years, respectively; overweight was detected in 20·6 % (95 % CI 17·4, 24·2 %) and 9·4 % (95 % CI 7·2, 12·1 %) of children aged <5 years and ≥5 years, respectively. Among children <5 years of age, stunting was positively associated with the lowest maternal height tertile (PR = 3·09, 95 % CI 1·26, 7·63), low birth weight (PR = 2·70, 95 % CI 1·41, 5·19), diarrhoea for ≥3d (PR = 2·21, 95 % CI 1·03, 4·77) and geohelminth infections (PR = 2·53, 95 % CI 1·02, 6·13). Overweight in children <5 years of age was positively associated with caesarean delivery (PR = 1·45, 95 % CI 1·02, 2·06), birth weight ≥3500 g (PR = 1·82, 95 % CI 1·30, 2·55) and Fe deficiency (PR = 1·64, 95 % CI 1·07, 2·53). Among children aged ≥5 years, land or livestock ownership (PR = 1·85, 95 % CI 1·07, 3·22), maternal overweight (PR = 2·06, 95 % CI 1·23, 3·47), high C-reactive protein concentration (PR = 2·43, 95 % CI 1·26, 4·70), vitamin A deficiency (PR = 1·97, 95 % CI 1·13, 3·41) and high serum TAG concentration (PR = 2·16, 95 % CI 1·27, 3·68) were associated with overweight. CONCLUSIONS Overweight was more prevalent than stunting, being associated with higher household wealth, maternal overweight, caesarean delivery, high birth weight, micronutrient deficiencies and high TAG concentration. Improvements in maternal and child health care with sustainable access to healthy food are necessary to reduce short- and long-term health complications related to overweight in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cobayashi
- Public Health Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Aparecida Augusto
- Public Health Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Hatzlhoffer Lourenço
- Public Health Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marly Augusto Cardoso
- Public Health Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
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Josefson JL, Zeiss DM, Rademaker AW, Metzger BE. Maternal leptin predicts adiposity of the neonate. Horm Res Paediatr 2014; 81:13-9. [PMID: 24334975 PMCID: PMC4123455 DOI: 10.1159/000355387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adiposity at birth may identify infants at high risk of developing obesity. Maternal obesity and hyperglycemia in pregnancy are associated with increased neonatal adiposity; however, features of maternal obesity that contribute to increased neonatal adiposity need further study. AIMS To measure adiposity in neonates of obese and normal-weight women without gestational diabetes to test the hypothesis that obese women have neonates with increased adiposity compared to neonates of normal-weight women. METHODS Sixty-one pregnant women, with a normal or obese BMI, and their neonates participated in this cross-sectional study at an academic medical center. Neonatal adiposity, expressed as percent body fat (fat mass/body mass), was measured by air displacement plethysmography and cord blood was assayed for biomarkers. RESULTS Adiposity in neonates of obese and normal-weight mothers did not differ. Stratifying mothers by leptin level showed that neonates born to mothers with higher leptin had significantly higher adiposity (13.2 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.035). In the entire cohort, adiposity positively correlated with cord blood leptin (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and adiponectin (r = 0.27, p = 0.04) levels. CONCLUSION Obesity in normoglycemic pregnant women was not associated with increased neonatal adiposity. High maternal leptin levels identified neonates with increased adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L. Josefson
- Division of Endocrinology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Dinah M. Zeiss
- Northwestern Comprehensive Center on Obesity, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Alfred W. Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Boyd E. Metzger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
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Namwongprom S, Rerkasem K, Wongthanee A, Pruenglampoo S, Mangklabruks A. Relationship between total body adiposity assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, birth weight and metabolic syndrome in young Thai adults. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013; 5:252-7. [PMID: 24379035 PMCID: PMC3889991 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare body fat distribution using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in young adult subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) with those without MS and also to determine whether a significant association existed between total body fat mass (FM) and MS along with the effect of birth weight. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 young adult subjects (175 male, 218 female). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose levels were determined. Total body FM, lean mass (LM) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were assessed by DXA. Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used for the diagnosis of MS. RESULTS The prevalence of MS was 5.6% among this group of young adult subjects aged 18.5-21.8 years. Subjects with MS (n=22) had significantly higher values for weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, %BF, total body FM, total body LM, and regional FM and LM. There was no statistically significant difference in bone mineral density between the two groups. There was also no association between birth weight and MS. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that every 5 kg of total body FM (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.66) adjusted for gender, birth weight status, and total body LM were significantly associated with MS. CONCLUSION Total body FM measured by DXA was related to MS in Thai young adults. Thus, body composition analysis might have a role in the identification of subjects with MS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirianong Namwongprom
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. E-mail:
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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The Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Antika Wongthanee
- The Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakda Pruenglampoo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ampica Mangklabruks
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
,
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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40
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Azadbakht L, Kelishadi R, Saraf-Bank S, Qorbani M, Ardalan G, Heshmat R, Taslimi M, Motlagh ME. The association of birth weight with cardiovascular risk factors and mental problems among Iranian school-aged children: the CASPIAN-III study. Nutrition 2013; 30:150-8. [PMID: 24206820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both high and low birth weights (HBW and LBW) are risk factors for adulthood diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of birth weight with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and mental problems among Iranian school-aged children. METHODS This national multicenter study of school-aged children entitled CASPIAN III was conducted among 5528 students in ranging from ages 10 to 18 y. Biochemical indices and anthropometric measurements were collected. Mental health was assessed by questionnaire. To investigate the association between birth weight categories and CVD risk factors and mental problems, multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS HBW adolescents were at higher risk for elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Ptrend < 0.05), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (Ptrend < 0.05), and lower risk for general obesity (Ptrend < 0.05) compared with the LBW category. HBW had no significant association with mental problems (Ptrend > 0.05) compared with LBW adolescents. The results of regression analysis, which considered normal birth weight as the reference group, showed that LBW students had lower risk for overweight and obesity (P < 0.01), as well as higher DBP (P < 0.05) but they were at higher risk for lower levels of HDL-C (P < 0.01). Furthermore, birth-weight categories had a U-shaped relationship with mental problems and sleep disorders (P < 0.05). Risk for confusion was higher among the LBW group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings from this population-based study revealed a positive relation between birth weight categories and CVD risk factors. Compared with students born with normal weight, those born with HBW and LBW were at higher risk for mental problems, sleep disorders, and confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sahar Saraf-Bank
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Office of School Health, Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hill DJ, Prapavessis H, Shoemaker JK, Jackman M, Mahmud FH, Clarson C. Relationship between Birth Weight and Metabolic Status in Obese Adolescents. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:490923. [PMID: 24555145 PMCID: PMC3901987 DOI: 10.1155/2013/490923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To examine the relationships between birth weight and body mass index, percent body fat, blood lipids, glycemia, insulin resistance, adipokines, blood pressure, and endothelial function in a cohort of obese adolescents. Design and Methods. Ninety-five subjects aged 10-16 years (mean age 13.5 years) with a body mass index >95th centile (mean [±SEM] 33.0 ± 0.6) were utilized from two prospective studies for obesity prevention prior to any interventions. The mean term birth weight was 3527 ± 64 g (range 1899-4990 g;). Results. Body mass index z-score correlated positively with birth weight (r (2) = 0.05, P = 0.03), but not percent body fat. Insulin resistance negatively correlated with birth weight (r (2) = 0.05, P < 0.001), as did fasting plasma insulin (r (2) = 0.05, P < 0.001); both being significantly greater for subjects of small versus large birth weight (Δ Homeostasis Model Assessment = 2.5 and Δ insulin = 10 pmol/L for birth weight <2.5 kg versus >4.5 kg). Adiponectin, but not leptin, blood pressure z-scores or peripheral arterial tomography values positively correlated with birth weight (r (2) = 0.07, P = 0.008). Conclusions. Excess body mass index in obese adolescents was positively related to birth weight. Birth weight was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors but represented a significant determinant of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hill
- London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 4V2
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - J. Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Michelle Jackman
- London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farid H. Mahmud
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Cheril Clarson
- London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
- London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
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Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Razmpoosh E, Nezhad FN, Keivani H, Hemami MR, Asemi Z. Does low birth weight predict hypertension and obesity in schoolchildren? ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013; 63:69-76. [PMID: 23942014 DOI: 10.1159/000351869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight appears to play a role in determining high blood pressure (BP) and obesity during childhood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between birth weight and later obesity and hypertension among 10- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. METHODS A total of 1,184 primary school students were selected from 20 randomized schools between 2011 and 2012 in Iran. Height, weight, waist circumference and BP were measured using standard instruments. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression and logistic regression models. RESULTS 13.5% of children had a history of low birth weight. First-degree family history of obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and birth weight were significantly correlated with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity (p = 0.001), whereas only birth weight was associated with high BP (p = 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between waist circumference and systolic/diastolic BP. The duration of breastfeeding in children with low birth weight was inversely correlated with obesity/overweight, abdominal obesity and hypertension. CONCLUSION The results suggests that birth weight is inversely associated with BP and more so with obesity and abdominal obesity. The duration of having been breastfed could have an influence on later hypertension, obesity and abdominal obesity. Further results are needed to test these correlations as well as diagnosing early life factors to prevent young adult overweight/obesity or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Moradof M, Nasiri Nejad F, Keyvani H, Rezaei Hemami M, Razmpoosh E. Relationship between Breast Feeding and Obesity in Children with Low Birth Weight. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:676-82. [PMID: 24578834 PMCID: PMC3918191 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast feeding appears to play a role in determining obesity and abdominal obesity during childhood, specifically in children with a history of low birth weight. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation of breast-feeding with either of abdominal obesity and obesity among Iranian school children. Materials and Methods A total of 1184 students (625 girls and 559 boys), aged 10 to 13 years old, were selected from 112 governmental elementary schools in Iran. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured using standard instruments and a pretested standardized questionnaire was performed for compiling information about family economics and educational level, first–degree family history of obesity, history of breast feeding, food pattern and birth weight, as well. Results 13.68% (n = 160) of students had a history of low birth weight, and 26.41% of them had abdominal obesity. Of all participants, 22.04% were overweight and 5.32% were obese which was more prevalent in girls than in boys (P = 0.03). First-degree family history of obesity (P = 0.001), excessive gestational weight gain (P = 0.001) and birth weight (P = 0.01) were significantly correlated with the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity during childhood. Moreover the prevalence of abdominal obesity in children with low birth weight was significantly correlated with breast feeding (P = 0.04); But this relation was not significantly about obesity in our participants (P = 0.9). Furthermore duration of breast feeding was significantly and inversely correlated with obesity and abdominal obesity in schoolchildren with low birth weight (P = 0.01). Conclusions The results suggest that Breast feeding and its long-term consequences were important factors for preventing metabolic syndrome criteria in childhood and later years of life span. With regard to the increasing prevalence of obesity in children, more research is urgently needed to clarify whether breast feeding have negative consequences for the risk of chronic disease in children, especially in children with low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Farzad Shidfar, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, Tel: +98 2188779118, Fax: +98 2188779487, E-mail:
| | - Maryam Moradof
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasiri Nejad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Medicine Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei Hemami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rajaee Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Elham Razmpoosh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
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Zhang Y, Li H, Liu SJ, Fu GJ, Zhao Y, Xie YJ, Zhang Y, Wang YX. The associations of high birth weight with blood pressure and hypertension in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:725-35. [PMID: 23595042 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The 'fetal origin hypothesis' suggests that metabolic diseases are directly related to poor nutritional status in early life. Thus, a high birth weight (HBW) may pose a lower risk than normal birth weight. Overweight and overnutrition are among the most widely recognized risk factors of metabolic diseases. To explore the possible effects of HBW on blood pressure and hypertension, a systematic review was performed. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. The outcomes included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertension. We included all of the studies that assessed the differences in outcomes for children aged >1 year between those born with normal birth weight (birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g or between the 10th and 90th percentiles for their gestational age) and those born with HBW (birth weight4000 g or 90th percentile for their gestational age). The outcomes were analyzed descriptively and by conducting a meta-analysis. Thirty-one studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean difference in blood pressure and the relative risk of hypertension between individuals with HBW and individuals with normal birth weight was inversely associated with age. SBP and DBP, as well as the prevalence of hypertension, were higher in younger children with HBW but lower in older adults with HBW compared with individuals with normal birth weight. The findings suggested that an individual with HBW is prone to hypertension and higher blood pressure during childhood. However, a 'catch-down' effect in the elevation of blood pressure is observed in subjects with HBW as they grow older. Thus, older individuals with HBW are less susceptible to hypertension than those with normal birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Schellong K, Schulz S, Harder T, Plagemann A. Birth weight and long-term overweight risk: systematic review and a meta-analysis including 643,902 persons from 66 studies and 26 countries globally. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47776. [PMID: 23082214 PMCID: PMC3474767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight is among the major challenging health risk factors. It has been claimed that birth weight, being a critical indicator of prenatal developmental conditions, is related to long-term overweight risk. In order to check this important assumption of developmental and preventive medicine, we performed a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. METHODS AND FINDINGS Relevant studies published up to January 2011 that investigated the relation between birth weight and later risk of overweight were identified through literature searches using MEDLINE and EMBASE. For meta-analysis, 66 studies from 26 countries and five continents were identified to be eligible, including 643,902 persons aged 1 to 75 years. We constructed random-effects and fixed-effects models, performed subgroup-analyses, influence-analyses, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, performed meta-regression analysis as well as analysis of confounder adjusted data. Meta-regression revealed a linear positive relationship between birth weight and later overweight risk (p<0.001). Low birth weight (<2,500 g) was found to be followed by a decreased risk of overweight (odds ratio (OR) =0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.76). High birth weight (>4,000 g) was associated with increased risk of overweight (OR=1.66; 95% CI 1.55-1.77). Results did not change significantly by using normal birth weight (2,500-4,000 g) as reference category (OR=0.73, 95% CI 0.63-0.84, and OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.45-1.77, respectively). Subgroup- and influence-analyses revealed no indication for bias/confounding. Adjusted estimates indicate a doubling of long-term overweight risk in high as compared to normal birth weight subjects (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.43-2.67). CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that low birth weight is followed by a decreased long-term risk of overweight, while high birth weight predisposes for later overweight. Preventing in-utero overnutrition, e.g., by avoiding maternal overnutrition, overweight and/or diabetes during pregnancy, might therefore be a promising strategy of genuine overweight prevention, globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schellong
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulz
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Boeke CE, Marín C, Oliveros H, Mora-Plazas M, Agudelo-Cañas S, Villamor E. Validity of maternal birthweight recall among Colombian children. Matern Child Health J 2012; 16:753-9. [PMID: 21516299 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-011-0803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Low birthweight and preterm birth are associated with adverse health outcomes later in life, but acquisition of accurate birthweight information is not always feasible in large epidemiological studies. We examined the validity of child birthweight and gestational age recall by mothers, and the extent to which recall bias affects associations between birthweight and childhood obesity in children from Bogotá, Colombia. We surveyed mothers of 3,202 schoolchildren aged 5-12 years about child's weight and gestational age at birth, and sociodemographic characteristics. In a subsample of 279 children, we obtained hospital birth records and extracted birthweight, gestational age, and other perinatal information. Mean birthweight (SD) was 3,106 (739) grams according to maternal recall and 2,977 (462) grams according to hospital records (difference 129 g; 95% CI = 55, 203). Thirty-three percent of mothers recalled their children's birthweights exactly as they appeared in hospital records. Mother's age and fewer years of education were each significantly associated with greater birthweight recall bias. Specificity of low birthweight (<2,500 g) and preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) from maternal recall was 0.95 and 0.86, respectively; however, sensitivity was lower (0.66 and 0.67, respectively). Associations between recalled birthweight and BMI-for-age or overweight during school age were weaker than those with hospital record birthweight. Maternal birthweight recall 5-12 years after birth differs from hospital record birthweight by a clinically meaningful amount. Birthweight recall should be used with caution in epidemiological studies conducted in this and comparable settings. Associations between birthweight and obesity may be stronger than they appear when using recalled birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Boeke
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Background—
There are well-established predisposing factors for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in childhood or adolescence, but no specific risk profile has been identified as yet. The Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescence (PREMA) study was conducted (1) to construct a classification score that could detect children at high risk for MetS in adolescence and (2) to test its predictive accuracy.
Methods and Results—
In the derivation cohort (1270 children), data from natal and parental profile and from initial laboratory assessment at 6 to 8 years of age were used to detect independent predictors of MetS at 13 to 15 years of age according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. In the validation cohort (1091 adolescents), the discriminatory capacity of the derived prediction score was tested on an independent adolescent population. MetS was diagnosed in 105 adolescents in the derivation phase (8%), whereas birth weight <10th percentile (odds ratio, 6.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.53–10.12,
P
<0.001), birth head circumference <10th percentile (odds ratio, 4.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.04–7.14,
P
<0.001), and parental overweight or obesity (in at least 1 parent; odds ratio, 3.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–5.29,
P
<0.01) were independently associated with diagnosis of MetS in adolescence. Among adolescents in the validation cohort (86 [8%] with MetS), the presence of all these 3 predictors predicted MetS with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 98%.
Conclusions—
The coexistence of low birth weight, small head circumference, and parental history of overweight or obesity may be useful for detection of children at risk of developing MetS in adolescence.
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Mu M, Wang SF, Sheng J, Zhao Y, Li HZ, Hu CL, Tao FB. Birth weight and subsequent blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 105:99-113. [PMID: 22424328 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is becoming an important health problem in many countries. The 'small baby syndrome hypothesis' suggests that an inverse linear relationship exists between birth weight and later risk of hypertension; however, this relationship is under debate. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between birth weight and subsequent blood pressure. Among 78 studies reporting on the association between birth weight and subsequent blood pressure, 20 articles (reporting 27 original studies) were eligible for inclusion. Low birth weight (< 2500 g) compared with birth weight greater than 2500 g was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 1.30); high birth weight (> 4000 g) compared with birth weight less than 4000 g was associated with a decreased risk of hypertension (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.71, 0.86). When low birth weight (< 2500 g) was compared with birth weight greater than 2500 g, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased by 2.28 mmHg (95% CI 1.24, 3.33); when high birth weight (> 4000 g) was compared with birth weight less than 4000 g, mean SBP decreased by 2.08 mmHg (95% CI -2.98, -1.17). These findings indicate that there is an inverse linear association between birth weight and later risk of hypertension, and that this association primarily exists between birth weight and SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Mercuro G, Bassareo PP, Flore G, Fanos V, Dentamaro I, Scicchitano P, Laforgia N, Ciccone MM. Prematurity and low weight at birth as new conditions predisposing to an increased cardiovascular risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 20:357-67. [PMID: 22345683 DOI: 10.1177/2047487312437058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the survival rate for preterm subjects has improved considerably, due to the progress in the field of perinatal medicine, preterm birth is frequently the cause underlying a series of notorious complications: morphological, neurological, ophthalmological, and renal alterations. In addition, it has recently been demonstrated how low gestational age and reduced foetal growth contribute towards an increased cardiovascular risk in preterm neonates. In fact, cardiovascular mortality is higher among former preterm adults than those born at term. This condition is referred to as cardiovascular perinatal programming. In the light of the above, an early, constant, and prolonged cardiological followup programme should be implemented in former preterm individuals. The aim of this paper was to perform a comprehensive literature review about two new emerging conditions predisposing to an increased cardiovascular risk: prematurity and low weight at birth.
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Metabolic programming of obesity in utero: is there sufficient evidence to explain increased obesity rates? J Dev Orig Health Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174411000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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