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Takeuchi K, Kazumura K, Kuzawa K, Hatano Y, Nagai M, Naito M. Effect of fat ingestion on postprandial oxidative status in healthy young women: a pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:30-36. [PMID: 38292124 PMCID: PMC10822754 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) secreted by leukocytes are crucial to innate immunity; however, they pose a risk of oxidative stress. To monitor their balance in daily health check-ups, optical technologies for the simultaneous measurement of ROS (superoxide radicals) and hROS (hypochlorite ions) that utilize only a few microliters of whole blood have been developed. The aim of this study was to clarify whether this system could assess the effects of fat ingestion on postprandial oxidative status. Eight healthy young Japanese women ingested a beverage containing oral fat tolerance test cream. Blood samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after fat ingestion. Blood ROS and hROS levels, oxidative stress markers, and biochemical markers were monitored. Consistent with previous studies, triglyceride levels significantly increased at 4 h (p<0.01) and returned to near-baseline levels 6 h after ingestion. ROS levels peaked significantly at 2 h (p<0.05), and hROS levels peaked significantly at 1 (p<0.05) and 2 h (p<0.01) after ingestion. This study offers an insight into the acute effects of fat ingestion on leukocyte activity and provides a methodology for monitoring postprandial oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Takeuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
- Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kaori Kuzawa
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, 17-3 Hoshigaoka-motomachi, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8662, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hatano
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
- Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagai
- Research and Development Division, Healthcare Systems Co. Ltd., 1-14-18 Shirakane, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0058, Japan
| | - Michitaka Naito
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, 17-3 Hoshigaoka-motomachi, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8662, Japan
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2
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Ma L, Du Y, Ma C, Liu M. Association of HMGCR inhibition with rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization and colocalization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1272167. [PMID: 38047111 PMCID: PMC10691537 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1272167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibition and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) and genetic colocalization analyses. Methods Two sets of genetic instruments were employed to proxy HMGCR inhibitors: expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of target genes from the eQTLGen Consortium and genetic variants associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with HMGCR locus from open genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Positive control analyses were conducted on type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease, and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Genetically proxied expression of eQTL was associated with a lower risk of RA (OR=0.996, 95% CI =0.992-0.999, p= 0.032). Similarly, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)-mediated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with risk of RA (OR=0.995, 95% CI =0.991-0.998, p= 0.007) in the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Colocalization analysis suggested a 74.6% posterior probability of sharing a causal variant within the SNPs locus (PH4 = 74.6%). A causal relationship also existed between HMGCR-mediated LDL and RA risk factors. The results were also confirmed by multiple sensitivity analyses. The results in positive control were consistent with the previous study. Conclusion Our study suggested that HMGCR inhibition was associated with an increased risk of RA while also highlighting an increased risk of current smoking and obesity. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence regarding the adverse effects of HMGCR inhibition on RA risk, calling for further research on alternative approaches using HMGCR inhibitors in RA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Practice, Heze Municiple Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Yufei Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Urology, Heze Municiple Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Carbone F, Elia E, Casula M, Bonaventura A, Bertolotto M, Minetti S, Artom N, Camici GG, Contini P, Pontremoli R, Viazzi F, Bertolini S, Pende A, Pisciotta L, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Among biomarkers of neutrophil activity, matrix metalloproteinases 8 independently predicts remission of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:185-193. [PMID: 36411219 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation due to the excess of nutrient intake plays an important role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, the potential influence of neutrophils and their degranulation markers on MetS improvement upon dietary and behavioral counselling, has been investigated. Specifically, we aimed at investigating their role as potential predictors of metabolic syndrome improvements. METHODS AND RESULTS patients with MetS (n = 127) received behavioral and dietary recommendations before follow-up at 6 months. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)8, MMP9, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 and resistin were tested at baseline. In the whole cohort, baseline levels of proinflammatory MMP8, MMP9 and MPO increased together with the number of MetS criteria. Seventy-three (57%) patients experienced a reduction in MetS-defining criteria at follow-up. With respect to those with no improvement, such individuals showed lower weight and waist circumference at enrolment, less frequent smoking habits, higher levels of triglycerides and lower circulating MMP8. At logistic regression analysis, baseline MMP8 showed negative predictive ability (odds ratio (OR) 0.979 [0.961-0.997]; p = 0.025) against MetS improvement. Such findings hold true even when included in the backward stepwise logistic regression model confirming MMP8 as an independent predictor (OR 0.970 [0.949-0.993]; p = 0.009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the predictive ability of MMP8 combined in a model including baseline MetS criteria and waist circumference. Bootstrap resampling analysis internally validated our findings. CONCLUSION Improvement of MetS is independently associated with baseline low MMP-8 levels, suggesting a pivotal role for inflammation in metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Elia
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Casula
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Minetti
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nathan Artom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale S. Paolo di Savona, 30 via Genova, 17110 Savona, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pende
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy; First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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4
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Pacinella G, Ciaccio AM, Tuttolomondo A. Endothelial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation: The Cornerstones of Vascular Alterations in Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15722. [PMID: 36555364 PMCID: PMC9779461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases of the elderly are a topic of enormous interest in clinical practice, as they have great epidemiological significance and lead to ever-increasing healthcare expenditures. The mechanisms underlying these pathologies have been increasingly characterized over the years. It has emerged that endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation play a diriment role among the most relevant pathophysiological mechanisms. As one can easily imagine, various processes occur during aging, and several pathways undergo irreversible alterations that can promote the decline and aberrations that trigger the diseases above. Endothelial dysfunction and aging of circulating and resident cells are the main characteristics of the aged organism; they represent the framework within which an enormous array of molecular abnormalities occur and contribute to accelerating and perpetuating the decline of organs and tissues. Recognizing and detailing each of these dysfunctional pathways is helpful for therapeutic purposes, as it allows one to hypothesize the possibility of tailoring interventions to the damaged mechanism and hypothetically limiting the cascade of events that drive the onset of these diseases. With this paper, we have reviewed the scientific literature, analysing the pathophysiological basis of the vascular diseases of the elderly and pausing to reflect on attempts to interrupt the vicious cycle that connotes the diseases of aging, laying the groundwork for therapeutic reasoning and expanding the field of scientific research by moving from a solid foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (PROMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Wang YE, Kirschke CP, Woodhouse LR, Bonnel EL, Stephensen CB, Bennett BJ, Newman JW, Keim NL, Huang L. SNPs in apolipoproteins contribute to sex-dependent differences in blood lipids before and after a high-fat dietary challenge in healthy U.S. adults. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:95. [PMID: 36050800 PMCID: PMC9438272 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of genetic polymorphisms on fasting blood lipid levels have been widely studied but the effects of these within the context of a high-fat meal challenge remain less characterized. The current study aimed to investigate the association of SNPs in lipoprotein-related genes with blood lipid profiles in healthy adults in the U.S. Methods Subjects (n = 393) between 18–66 years of age with BMIs ranging from 18.5–45 kg/m2 were enrolled the cross-sectional Nutritional Phenotyping Study. Among them, 349 subjects (men: 48%; women: 52%) gave consent for genotyping. SNPs in APOA5, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and LDLR were assessed. The association between lipid markers and genotypes was tested separately for each SNP with analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. We also examined two-factor interactions between SNPs and sex, age, or BMI. Results Women carrying the C allele of rs3135506 in APOA5 or men carrying the C allele of rs429358 in APOE had reduced HDL-cholesterol levels during fasting and postprandially. The C allele in APOE was also correlated to increased LDL-C levels. The TT genotype of rs2854116 in APOC3 was associated with elevated total cholesterol. Additive effect of the risk alleles of APOA5 and APOE or APOC3 and APOE was detected. Nevertheless, the tested SNPs had little impact on the postprandial triglyceride responses to the high-fat challenge meal. We found no significant effects of SNPs in APOB (rs1042034) or LDLR (rs2228671) on triglycerides, cholesterol, or free fatty acid levels. Conclusions In healthy adults, fasting and postprandial cholesterol levels are strongly correlated with the tested APOA5, APOE, and APOC3 genotypes. Sex contributes to the genetic impact of the tested SNPs on lipid profiles. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02367287. Registered February 20, 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02367287. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00592-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining E Wang
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine P Kirschke
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leslie R Woodhouse
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ellen L Bonnel
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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6
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Burggraaf B, Pouw NMC, Fernández Arroyo S, van Vark-van der Zee LC, van de Geijn GJM, Birnie E, Huisbrink J, van der Zwan EM, de Herder WW, Mulder MT, Rensen PCN, Castro Cabezas M. Effects of dapagliflozin on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:597-605. [PMID: 35312632 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) modulate lipid metabolism and improve cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The exact cardioprotective mechanism of SGLT2i is unclear. We evaluated the effects of SGLT2i on postprandial lipids, lipoprotein concentrations, glucose and fatty acids. DESIGN A placebo-controlled randomized, proof-of-concept study. METHODS Fourteen male patients with T2DM on intensive insulin regimen were randomly and double-blind allocated to 12 weeks dapagliflozin (10 mg) or placebo. Postprandial effects were assessed with an 8-h standardized oral fat loading test. RESULTS Mean glycated A1c did not change by dapagliflozin, but the mean daily insulin dose was significantly reduced. Although dapagliflozin did not affect fasting or postprandial levels of glucose and insulin, it increased the postprandial levels of glucagon. While fasting levels of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate (bHBA) were unchanged, dapagliflozin significantly increased the postprandial bHBA response. This was seen in the context of increased postprandial glucagon levels by dapagliflozin, without influencing postprandial insulin or glucose levels. Dapagliflozin did not affect fasting or postprandial plasma cholesterol and triglycerides nor postprandial inflammatory markers. Fasting apolipoprotein B48 was decreased without affecting the postprandial response. Markers of inflammation and vascular function did not change. CONCLUSION Treatment with dapagliflozin of patients with T2DM led to a reduction of fasting chylomicron remnants and increased postprandial ketone bodies compared to placebo suggesting enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation. The latter may have been caused by decreasing the insulin-glucagon ratio. The beneficial clinical effects seen in the trials using dapagliflozin most likely are not due to effects on postprandial inflammation nor postprandial lipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Burggraaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine M C Pouw
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Salvador Fernández Arroyo
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Leonie C van Vark-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan M van de Geijn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Statistics and Education, Franciscus Academy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeannine Huisbrink
- Department of Pharmacy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen M van der Zwan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Division of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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She Y, Mangat R, Tsai S, Proctor SD, Richard C. The Interplay of Obesity, Dyslipidemia and Immune Dysfunction: A Brief Overview on Pathophysiology, Animal Models, and Nutritional Modulation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840209. [PMID: 35252310 PMCID: PMC8891442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a leading global health concern. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which impairs insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and immune function. Recent findings from animal and clinical studies have begun to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction seen in the context of obesity. Here, we provide a brief review on the current understanding of the interplay between obesity, dyslipidemia and immunity. We also emphasize the advantages and shortcomings of numerous applicable research models including rodents and large animal swine that aim at unraveling the molecular basis of disease and clinical manifestations. Although there is no perfect model to answer all questions at once, they are often used to complement each other. Finally, we highlight some emerging nutritional strategies to improve immune function in the context of obesity with a particular focus on choline and foods that contains high amounts of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo She
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rabban Mangat
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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8
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Peterson MN, Dykhoff HJ, Crowson CS, Davis JM, Sangaralingham LR, Myasoedova E. Risk of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis in statin users in a large nationwide US study. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:244. [PMID: 34537063 PMCID: PMC8449497 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between statin use and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a large, US case-control study. Methods Using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, RA cases were identified as patients aged ≥18 years with ≥2 RA diagnoses between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2019 and ≥1 prescription fills for methotrexate within 1 year of the first RA diagnosis. The first RA diagnosis was the index date. Cases were matched 1:1 to controls on age, sex, region, year of index date, and length of baseline coverage. Statin users were defined by having ≥2 statin prescription fills at least 90 days pre-index. Patients identified as statin users were further classified by statin user status (current or former), statin use duration, and intensity of statin exposure. Odds ratios for RA risk with statin use were estimated using logistic regression. Results 16,363 RA cases and 16,363 matched controls were identified. Among RA cases, 5509 (33.7%) patients were statin users compared to 5164 (31.6%) of the controls. Statin users had a slightly increased risk of RA compared to non-users (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.18), and former statin users had an increased RA risk compared to current users (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.28). However, risk was eliminated following adjustment for hyperlipidemia. The risk estimates for statin use duration and intensity did not reach significance. Conclusion This study demonstrates no significant increase in the risk of developing RA for statin users compared to non-users after adjustment for hyperlipidemia in addition to other relevant confounders. However, more information from prospective studies would be necessary to further understand this relationship. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02617-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline N Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hayley J Dykhoff
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lindsey R Sangaralingham
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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9
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Dix GU, Jackson GS, Todd KR, van der Scheer JW, Walsh JJ, Martin Ginis KA, Little JP. The effects of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate meal on leukocyte populations in adults with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2021; 7:49. [PMID: 34103485 PMCID: PMC8187471 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-021-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of aggregated case series data. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate meal on leukocyte populations in adults with a chronic SCI. SETTING University-based laboratories in British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Ten individuals (M = 9) with a traumatic SCI (>1-year post-injury; M = 15.5 years; n = 2 sensory complete, n = 7 motor complete) participated in this study. Participants arrived fasted (≥12 h) prior to both the control (quiet sitting, no food/drink) and experimental meal conditions (high-fat/high-carb meal: 880 kcal, 52 g fat, 73 g carbohydrates, 29 g protein). Blood samples were taken in the fasted state and at 120-min post-meal/baseline in both conditions. Immune cell counts were assessed using multi-color flow cytometry. RESULTS A significant time × condition interaction effect was seen in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells as well as CD56+ and CD3+/CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.05). CD14+/CD16+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells approached a significant time × condition interaction (p < 0.07). A main effect of time was observed in CD19+ B cells (p < 0.05). Cell counts for T-lymphocytes and NK cells followed the general trend of an increase in the control condition from baseline to 120-min with no change observed following the experimental meal condition. CONCLUSIONS Following the HFHC meal, immune cells did not show the same general increase observed following the control condition. Future research is needed to determine if there are any potential consequences of these immune cell responses in immunosuppressed populations and if other factors (e.g., diurnal variation) might influence immune cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel U Dix
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSSC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Garett S Jackson
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Kendra R Todd
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSSC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jan W van der Scheer
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Walsh
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- Kinesiology Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (BSSC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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10
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Liberale L, Montecucco F, Tardif JC, Libby P, Camici GG. Inflamm-ageing: the role of inflammation in age-dependent cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2974-2982. [PMID: 32006431 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing worldwide increase in life expectancy portends a rising prevalence of age-related cardiovascular (CV) diseases in the coming decades that demands a deeper understanding of their molecular mechanisms. Inflammation has recently emerged as an important contributor for CV disease development. Indeed, a state of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation characterizes older organisms (also known as inflamm-ageing) and participates pivotally in the development of frailty, disability, and most chronic degenerative diseases including age-related CV and cerebrovascular afflictions. Due to chronic activation of inflammasomes and to reduced endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inflamm-ageing contributes to the activation of leucocytes, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus accelerating vascular ageing and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflamm-ageing promotes the development of catastrophic athero-thrombotic complications by enhancing platelet reactivity and predisposing to plaque rupture and erosion. Thus, inflamm-ageing and its contributors or molecular mediators might furnish targets for novel therapeutic strategies that could promote healthy ageing and conserve resources for health care systems worldwide. Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflamm-ageing, the impact of these processes on the development of age-related CV diseases, results from clinical trials targeting its components and the potential implementation of these advances into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, v.le Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, v.le Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montreal, Rue Bélanger 5000, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Francis Street 75, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Koçancı FG. Role of Fatty Acid Chemical Structures on Underlying Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gut Microbiota. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gonca Koçancı
- Vocational High School of Health Services Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya/Antalya 07425 Turkey
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12
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Age-related cerebral small vessel disease and inflammaging. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:932. [PMID: 33127878 PMCID: PMC7603301 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continued increase in global life expectancy predicts a rising prevalence of age-related cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD), which requires a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In recent years, the concept of "inflammaging" has attracted increasing attention. It refers to the chronic sterile low-grade inflammation in elderly organisms and is involved in the development of a variety of age-related chronic diseases. Inflammaging is a long-term result of chronic physiological stimulation of the immune system, and various cellular and molecular mechanisms (e.g., cellular senescence, immunosenescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy, metaflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis) are involved. With the deepening understanding of the etiological basis of age-related CSVD, inflammaging is considered to play an important role in its occurrence and development. One of the most critical pathophysiological mechanisms of CSVD is endothelium dysfunction and subsequent blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, which gives a clue in the identification of the disease by detecting circulating biological markers of BBB disruption. The regional analysis showed blood markers of vascular inflammation are often associated with deep perforating arteriopathy (DPA), while blood markers of systemic inflammation appear to be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflammaging and their effects on the development of age-related CSVD. Furthermore, we speculate the inflammaging as a potential target for future therapeutic interventions to delay or prevent the progression of the age-related CSVD.
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13
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Marzullo P, Di Renzo L, Pugliese G, De Siena M, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. From obesity through gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases: a dangerous journey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:35-49. [PMID: 32714511 PMCID: PMC7371682 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-existence of humans and gut microbiota started millions of years ago. Until now, a balance gradually developed between gut bacteria and their hosts. It is now recognized that gut microbiota are key to form adequate immune and metabolic functions and, more in general, for the maintenance of good health. Gut microbiota are established before birth under the influence of maternal nutrition and metabolic status, which can impact the future metabolic risk of the offspring in terms of obesity, diabetes, and cardiometabolic disorders during the lifespan. Obesity and diabetes are prone to disrupt the gut microbiota and alter the gut barrier permeability, leading to metabolic endotoxaemia with its detrimental consequences on health. Specific bacterial sequences are now viewed as peculiar signatures of the metabolic syndrome across life stages in each individual, and are linked to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) via metabolic products (metabolites) and immune modulation. These mechanisms have been linked, in association with abnormalities in microbial richness and diversity, to an increased risk of developing arterial hypertension, systemic inflammation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Emerging strategies for the manipulation of intestinal microbiota represent a promising therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVD especially in individuals prone to CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28923 Piancavallo, Verbania Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina De Siena
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28923 Piancavallo, Verbania Italy
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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14
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Burggraaf B, Pouw NMC, Arroyo SF, van Vark-van der Zee LC, van de Geijn GJM, Birnie E, Huisbrink J, van der Zwan EM, Mulder MT, Rensen PCN, de Herder WW, Cabezas MC. A placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study of alirocumab on postprandial lipids and vascular elasticity in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:807-816. [PMID: 31912632 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) linked to atherogenic dyslipidaemia and postprandial hyperlipidaemia. Alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, improves CVD risk by reducing the concentration of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). However, effects of PCK9 inhibitors on other aspects of diabetic dyslipidaemia, particularly in the postprandial situation, are less clear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve male patients with T2DM on an intensive insulin regimen completed a 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. Participants received three biweekly dosages of subcutaneous alirocumab (150 mg) or placebo. Before and after the intervention, fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) plasma levels, apolipoprotein (apo) B48, lipoprotein composition isolated by ultracentrifugation, vascular function and markers of inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Alirocumab treatment reduced fasting plasma TG levels (between group median change -24.7%; P = 0.018) and fasting apoB48 serum levels (-35.9%; P = 0.039) compared with placebo. Alirocumab reduced the plasma TG area under the curve (AUC) (-26.4%; P = 0.006) and apoB48 AUC (-55.7%; P = 0.046), as well as plasma TG incremental AUC (-21.4%; P = 0.04) and apoB48 incremental AUC (-26.8%; P = 0.02). In addition, alirocumab reduced fasting and postprandial TG levels in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL. Alirocumab improved fasting pulse wave velocity, but no changes in postprandial markers of inflammation were observed. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the well-known LDL-C-reducing effects, 6 weeks of alirocumab treatment lowered both fasting and postprandial plasma TG levels by reducing the TG levels in VLDL and LDL and the concentration of intestinal remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Burggraaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine M C Pouw
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Salvador Fernández Arroyo
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Leonie C van Vark-van der Zee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan M van de Geijn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Statistics and Education, Franciscus Academy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeannine Huisbrink
- Department of Pharmacy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen M van der Zwan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Seyedi SHS, Mottaghi A, Mirmiran P, Hedayati M, Azizi F. The relationship between dietary patterns and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:3. [PMID: 32055243 PMCID: PMC7003539 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_256_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may be indicated by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), serving as an inflammatory biomarker. However, the general dietary predictors of Lp-PLA2 have not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and dietary patterns in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: Dietary patterns extracted using factor analysis and serum levels of Lp-PAL2 in 470 adults aged 40–70 years who participated in the 5th phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2011–2014) were determined. Associations between the dietary patterns and serum levels of Lp-PAL2 considering some confounder factors were evaluated. Results: The results showed that Western and semi-Mediterranean dietary patterns had significant effects on changes in Lp-PLA2 levels in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for age, sex, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index and physical activity, energy intake, hormone therapy for women, and taking blood lipid-lowering drugs as potential confounders, the Western dietary pattern remained a significant factor influencing the Lp-PLA2 level (β value: 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.89; P < 0.05). Moreover, after adjustment for the mentioned confounder factors, the effect of the semi-Mediterranean dietary pattern on Lp-PLA2 disappeared. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Western dietary pattern is associated with higher Lp-PLA2 levels. We recommend that adults eat less carbonated drinks, fast foods, salty snacks, mayonnaise, and organ meat to counteract increased serum Lp-PLA2 levels, which are directly associated with vascular inflammation and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hashem Sezavar Seyedi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Gomez I, Ward B, Souilhol C, Recarti C, Ariaans M, Johnston J, Burnett A, Mahmoud M, Luong LA, West L, Long M, Parry S, Woods R, Hulston C, Benedikter B, Niespolo C, Bazaz R, Francis S, Kiss-Toth E, van Zandvoort M, Schober A, Hellewell P, Evans PC, Ridger V. Neutrophil microvesicles drive atherosclerosis by delivering miR-155 to atheroprone endothelium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 31924781 PMCID: PMC6954269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but are seldom detected in atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated whether neutrophil-derived microvesicles may influence arterial pathophysiology. Here we report that levels of circulating neutrophil microvesicles are enhanced by exposure to a high fat diet, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Neutrophil microvesicles accumulate at disease-prone regions of arteries exposed to disturbed flow patterns, and promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in a murine model. Using cultured endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow, we demonstrate that neutrophil microvesicles promote inflammatory gene expression by delivering miR-155, enhancing NF-κB activation. Similarly, neutrophil microvesicles increase miR-155 and enhance NF-κB at disease-prone sites of disturbed flow in vivo. Enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque formation and increase in macrophage content by neutrophil microvesicles is dependent on miR-155. We conclude that neutrophils contribute to vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through delivery of microvesicles carrying miR-155 to disease-prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Ward
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chiara Recarti
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Ariaans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amanda Burnett
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Cardiovascular Mechanobiology and Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Le Anh Luong
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Laura West
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Merete Long
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sion Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Rachel Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Carl Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Birke Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Niespolo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rohit Bazaz
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schober
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Hellewell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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17
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Improvement of endothelial dysfunction is mediated through reduction of remnant lipoprotein after statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiol 2019; 75:270-274. [PMID: 31500961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remnant lipoproteinemia with high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a high risk for endothelial dysfunction. Statins are the first-line lipid-lowering drugs for this combined hyperlipidemia. However, it remains undetermined whether reduction of remnant lipoprotein mediates the relationship between improvement in endothelial dysfunction and reduction of LDL-C level after statin treatment. METHODS A total of 122 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD; <5.5%), high levels of LDL-C (≥100 mg/dL), and remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol (RLP-C) (≥5 mg/dL) were examined in this study. The lipid profiles and FMD were measured before and after 6-9 months of statin treatment. The association between changes in LDL-C levels and its relationship with changes in FMD was investigated. Furthermore, mediation analysis was performed to assess the changes in RLP-C level as a mediator of the relationship between the reduction in LDL-C level and improvement of FMD. RESULTS Treatment with statins improved FMD in 69 (56.5%) patients. Patients with improved FMD showed lower percent changes of LDL-C, triglyceride (TG), RLP-C, RLP-C/TG, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and higher percent change of HDL-C level, compared to patients who did not show improved FMD. The percent changes in FMD levels had a significant inverse correlation with the percent changes in LDL-C, (r = -0.18, p = 0.03), RLP-C (r = -0.39, p < 0.001), RLP-C/TG (r = -0.34, p < 0.001), and CRP (r = -0.27, p < 0.01). Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between reduction in LDL-C and improvement of FMD was mediated by reduction of RLP-C (34.5%), RLP-C/TG (24.4%), and CRP (24.9%) levels. CONCLUSION Improvement of remnant lipoproteinemia may be an important mediator for the relationship between improvement of endothelial dysfunction and LDL-lowering after statin treatment in patients with CAD.
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18
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The Postprandial Appearance of Features of Cardiometabolic Risk: Acute Induction and Prevention by Nutrients and Other Dietary Substances. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091963. [PMID: 31438565 PMCID: PMC6770341 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of diets, food, and food components that affect postprandial inflammation, endothelial function, and oxidative stress, which are related to cardiometabolic risk. A high-energy meal, rich in saturated fat and sugars, induces the transient appearance of a series of metabolic, signaling and physiological dysregulations or dysfunctions, including oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which are directly related to the amplitude of postprandial plasma triglycerides and glucose. Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are also known to cluster together with insulin resistance, a third risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type-II diabetes, thus making a considerable contribution to cardiometabolic risk. Because of the marked relevance of the postprandial model to nutritional pathophysiology, many studies have investigated whether adding various nutrients and other substances to such a challenge meal might mitigate the onset of these adverse effects. Some foods (e.g., nuts, berries, and citrus), nutrients (e.g., l-arginine), and other substances (various polyphenols) have been widely studied. Reports of favorable effects in the postprandial state have concerned plasma markers for systemic or vascular pro-inflammatory conditions, the activation of inflammatory pathways in plasma monocytes, vascular endothelial function (mostly assessed using physiological criteria), and postprandial oxidative stress. Although the literature is fragmented, this topic warrants further study using multiple endpoints and markers to investigate whether the interesting candidates identified might prevent or limit the postprandial appearance of critical features of cardiometabolic risk.
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Centa M, Prokopec KE, Garimella MG, Habir K, Hofste L, Stark JM, Dahdah A, Tibbitt CA, Polyzos KA, Gisterå A, Johansson DK, Maeda NN, Hansson GK, Ketelhuth DFJ, Coquet JM, Binder CJ, Karlsson MCI, Malin S. Acute Loss of Apolipoprotein E Triggers an Autoimmune Response That Accelerates Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e145-e158. [PMID: 29880490 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Dyslipidemia is a component of the metabolic syndrome, an established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and is also observed in various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, there are limited opportunities to study the impact of acquired dyslipidemia on cardiovascular and immune pathology. Approach and Results- We designed a model system that allows for the conversion to a state of acute hyperlipidemia in adult life, so that the consequences of such a transition could be observed, through conditionally deleting APOE (apolipoprotein E) in the adult mouse. The transition to hypercholesterolemia was accompanied by adaptive immune responses, including the expansion of T lymphocyte helper cell 1, T follicular helper cell, and T regulatory subsets and the formation of germinal centers. Unlike steady-state Apoe-/- mice, abrupt loss of APOE induced rapid production of antibodies recognizing rheumatoid disease autoantigens. Genetic ablation of the germinal center reduced both autoimmunity and atherosclerosis, indicating that the immune response that follows loss of APOE is independent of atherosclerosis but nevertheless promotes plaque development. Conclusions- Our findings suggest that immune activation in response to hyperlipidemia could contribute to a wide range of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Centa
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Kajsa E Prokopec
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Manasa G Garimella
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (M.G.G., J.M.S., C.A.T., J.M.C., M.C.I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Habir
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Lisa Hofste
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (M.G.G., J.M.S., C.A.T., J.M.C., M.C.I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Dahdah
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Chris A Tibbitt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (M.G.G., J.M.S., C.A.T., J.M.C., M.C.I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos A Polyzos
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Anton Gisterå
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Daniel K Johansson
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Nobuyo N Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.N.M.)
| | - Göran K Hansson
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (M.G.G., J.M.S., C.A.T., J.M.C., M.C.I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.).,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (C.J.B.)
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (M.G.G., J.M.S., C.A.T., J.M.C., M.C.I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Malin
- From the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (M.C., K.E.P., K.H., L.H., A.D., K.A.P., A.G., D.K.J., G.K.H., D.F.J.K., S.M.)
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Polley KR, Oswell NJ, Pegg RB, Paton CM, Cooper JA. A 5-day high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil improves cholesterol profiles and triglycerides compared to olive oil in healthy men. Nutr Res 2018; 60:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, Giuliani C, Santoro A. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:576-590. [PMID: 30046148 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1506] [Impact Index Per Article: 251.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic mechanistic pillars that largely converge on inflammation. During ageing, chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation - called inflammaging - develops, which contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. From an evolutionary perspective, a variety of stimuli sustain inflammaging, including pathogens (non-self), endogenous cell debris and misplaced molecules (self) and nutrients and gut microbiota (quasi-self). A limited number of receptors, whose degeneracy allows them to recognize many signals and to activate the innate immune responses, sense these stimuli. In this situation, metaflammation (the metabolic inflammation accompanying metabolic diseases) is thought to be the form of chronic inflammation that is driven by nutrient excess or overnutrition; metaflammation is characterized by the same mechanisms underpinning inflammaging. The gut microbiota has a central role in both metaflammation and inflammaging owing to its ability to release inflammatory products, contribute to circadian rhythms and crosstalk with other organs and systems. We argue that chronic diseases are not only the result of ageing and inflammaging; these diseases also accelerate the ageing process and can be considered a manifestation of accelerated ageing. Finally, we propose the use of new biomarkers (DNA methylation, glycomics, metabolomics and lipidomics) that are capable of assessing biological versus chronological age in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Parini
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Endotoxemia is modulated by quantity and quality of dietary fat in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2018; 109:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pujos-Guillot E, Brandolini-Bunlon M, Fouillet H, Joly C, Martin JF, Huneau JF, Dardevet D, Mariotti F. Metabolomics Reveals that the Type of Protein in a High-Fat Meal Modulates Postprandial Mitochondrial Overload and Incomplete Substrate Oxidation in Healthy Overweight Men. J Nutr 2018; 148:876-884. [PMID: 29878266 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A meal rich in saturated fatty acids induces a postprandial metabolic challenge. The type of dietary protein may modulate postprandial metabolism. Objective We studied the effect of dietary protein type on postprandial changes in the metabolome after a high-fat meal. Methods In a 3-period, crossover, postprandial study, 10 healthy overweight men with an elevated waist circumference (>94 cm) ingested high-fat meals made up of cream fat (70% of energy), sucrose (15% energy), and protein (15% energy) from either casein (CAS), whey protein (WHE), or α-lactalbumin-enriched whey protein (LAC). Urine collected immediately before and 2, 4, and 6 h after the meal was analyzed for metabolomics, a secondary outcome of the clinical study. We used mixed-effect models, partial least-square regression, and pathway enrichment analysis. Results At 4 and 6 h after the meal, the postprandial metabolome was found to be fully discriminated according to protein type. We identified 17 metabolites that significantly explained the effect of protein type on postprandial metabolomic changes (protein-time interaction). Among this signature, acylcarnitines and other acylated metabolites related to fatty acid or amino acid oxidation were the main discriminant features. The difference in metabolic profiles was mainly explained by urinary acylcarnitines and some other acylated products (protein type, Ps < 0.0001), with a dramatically greater increase (100- to 1000-fold) after WHE, and to a lesser extent after LAC, as compared with CAS. Pathway enrichment analysis confirmed that the type of protein had modified fatty acid oxidation (P < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that, in healthy overweight men, the type of protein in a high-fat meal interplays with fatty acid oxidation with a differential accumulation of incomplete oxidation products. A high-fat meal containing WHE, but not CAS, resulted in this outpacing of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00931151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, MetaboHUB-Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bunlon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, MetaboHUB-Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Joly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, MetaboHUB-Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, MetaboHUB-Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Dominique Dardevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - François Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
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The Effect of Lean-Seafood and Non-Seafood Diets on Fasting and Postprandial Serum Metabolites and Lipid Species: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050598. [PMID: 29751643 PMCID: PMC5986478 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects associated with intake of different dietary protein sources are not well characterized. We aimed to elucidate how two diets that varied in main protein sources affected the fasting and postprandial serum metabolites and lipid species. In a randomized controlled trial with crossover design, healthy adults (n = 20) underwent a 4-week intervention with two balanced diets that varied mainly in protein source (lean-seafood versus non-seafood proteins). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses were applied to examine the effects of the two diets on serum metabolites. In the fasting state, the lean-seafood diet period, as opposed to the non-seafood diet period, significantly decreased the serum levels of isoleucine and valine, and during the postprandial state, a decreased level of lactate and increased levels of citrate and trimethylamine N-oxide were observed. The non-seafood diet significantly increased the fasting level of 26 lipid species including ceramides 18:1/14:0 and 18:1/23:0 and lysophosphatidylcholines 20:4 and 22:5, as compared to the lean-seafood diet. Thus, the lean-seafood diet decreased circulating isoleucine and valine levels, whereas the non-seafood diet elevated the levels of certain ceramides, metabolites that are associated with insulin-resistance.
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Rocha DMUP, Lopes LL, da Silva A, Oliveira LL, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Orange juice modulates proinflammatory cytokines after high-fat saturated meal consumption. Food Funct 2018; 8:4396-4403. [PMID: 29068453 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the postprandial secretion of inflammatory markers induced by SFA or MUFA high-fat meal consumption and whether orange juice intake could modulate this induction. This study included 55 healthy women (aged 20 to 40 years): 33 participants received an SFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 37.6% of energy intake (E) from SFA) and 22 participants received an MUFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 56.3% E from MUFA). Both interventions were accompanied by 500 ml of orange juice (test) or water (control). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and CRP were determined before (fasting) and 2, 3 and 5 hours after the test meal intake. The SFA high-fat meal induced a significant increase in AUC values (for TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-2 adjusted for baseline concentrations) in comparison with MUFA high-fat meal intervention. The results were independent of the drink which accompanied the meal (water or orange juice). Both IL-4 and IL-17A AUC values were significantly increased after an SFA high-fat meal intake, accompanied by water, but not by orange juice. In addition, these values were higher in relation to MUFA high-fat meal interventions. Also, IL-17A significantly increased at 3 h after an SFA high-fat meal intake accompanied by water, but not by orange juice. Overall, our conclusions indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of MUFA compared to SFA high-fat meal intake, while orange juice intake was able to mitigate the subclinical increase of postprandial inflammation, induced by SFA high-fat meal consumption, for a particular biomarker (IL-17A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M U P Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Camargo A, Jimenez-Lucena R, Alcala-Diaz JF, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Garcia-Carpintero S, Lopez-Moreno J, Blanco-Rojo R, Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, van Ommen B, Malagon MM, Ordovas JM, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Postprandial endotoxemia may influence the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From the CORDIOPREV study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:529-538. [PMID: 29685478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Insulin resistance (IR) and impaired beta-cell function are key determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intestinal absorption of bacterial components activates the toll-like receptors inducing inflammation, and this in turn IR. We evaluated the role of endotoxemia in promoting inflammation-induced insulin resistance (IR) in the development of T2DM, and its usefulness as predictive biomarker. METHODS We included in this study 462 patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2DM at baseline. Of these, 107 patients developed T2DM according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnosis criteria after a median follow-up of 60 months (Incident-DIAB group), whereas 355 patients did not developed it during this period of time (Non-DIAB group). RESULTS We observed a postprandial increase in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in the Incident-DIAB at baseline (P < 0.001), whereas LPS levels were not modified in the Non-DIAB. Disease-free survival curves based on the LPS postprandial fold change improved T2DM Risk Assessment as compared with the previously described FINDRISC score (hazard ratio of 2.076, 95% CI 1.149-3.750 vs. 1.384, 95% CI 0.740-2.589). Moreover, disease-free survival curves combining the LPS postprandial fold change and FINDRISC score together showed a hazard ratio of 3.835 (95% CI 1.323-11.114), linked to high values of both parameters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a high postprandial endotoxemia precedes the development of T2DM. Our results also showed the potential use of LPS plasma levels as a biomarker predictor of T2DM development. CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV. IDENTIFIER NCT00924937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Jimenez-Lucena
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Oriol A Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sonia Garcia-Carpintero
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Lopez-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Science (TNO), Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M Malagon
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain; CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
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Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040432. [PMID: 29601492 PMCID: PMC5946217 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution and homeostasis. However, the inflammatory process that was observed in individuals affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome differs from the classical inflammatory response in certain respects. This inflammatory process manifests itself systemically and it is characterized by a chronic low-intensity reaction. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is acknowledged as one of the main triggers of the obesity-induced inflammatory response. The aim of the present review is to describe the role that is played by the TLR4 signaling pathway in the inflammatory response and its modulation by saturated and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies indicate that saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation by activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Conversely, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, exert anti-inflammatory actions through the attenuation of the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway by either lipopolysaccharides or saturated fatty acids.
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de Jong HJI, Cohen Tervaert JW, Lalmohamed A, de Vries F, Vandebriel RJ, van Loveren H, Klungel OH, van Staa TP. Pattern of risks of rheumatoid arthritis among patients using statins: A cohort study with the clinical practice research datalink. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193297. [PMID: 29474418 PMCID: PMC5825093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between statin use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with special focus on describing the patterns of risks of RA during statin exposure in a large population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. In the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, patients aged ≥40 years with at least one prescription of statins (1995–2009) were selected, and matched by age (+/-5 years), sex, practice and date of first prescription of statins to non-users. The follow-up period of statin use was divided into periods of current, recent and past exposure, with patients moving between these three exposure categories over time. Time-dependent Cox models were used to derive hazard ratios (HRs) of RA, adjusted for disease history and previous drug use. The study population included 1,023,240 patients, of whom 511,620 were statin users. No associations were found between RA and current (HRadj,1.06;99%CI:0.88–1.27) or past statin users (HRadj,1.18;99%CI:0.88–1.57). However, in patients who currently used statins, hazard rates were increased shortly after the first prescription of statins and then gradually decreased to baseline level. The risk of developing RA was increased in recent statin users, as compared to non-users (HRadj,1.39;99%CI:1.01–1.90). The risk of RA is substantially increased in the first year after the start of statins and then diminishes to baseline level. These findings may suggest that statins might accelerate disease onset in patients susceptible to develop RA, but in other patients, statins are probably safe and well tolerated, even after prolonged use. Alternatively, we cannot rule out that confounding by cardiovascular risk factors and ascertainment bias may have influenced the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda J. I. de Jong
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arief Lalmohamed
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank de Vries
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf H. Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Tjeerd P. van Staa
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Health eResearch Centre, Farr Institute for Health Informatics Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Koks N, de Vries MA, Birnie E, Alipour A, Castro Cabezas M. Glucose-dependent leucocyte activation in familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:839-846. [PMID: 28815569 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucocyte activation is an obligatory factor in the development of atherosclerosis. The postprandial situation has been associated to increased leucocyte activation in several disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Our study aim was to evaluate the effect of post-OGTT hyperglycaemia on leucocyte activation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for heterozygous FH and healthy volunteers were asked to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test. Leucocyte activation markers CD11b and CD66b were determined by flow cytometry. Post-OGTT changes were calculated as area under the curve (AUC) and the incremental area under the curve corrected for baseline values (dAUC). The impact of being an FH patient and using statins on the time-dependent profile of the leucocyte activation markers was studied with repeated measurements analysis. RESULTS Thirteen FH patients using statins, nine FH patients without statins and 14 healthy volunteers were included. FH subjects on statins had a slightly higher HbA1c than those not using these drugs or controls. Post-OGTT glucose levels were significantly higher in patients with FH when compared to healthy controls (P = 0·001). These effects were independent from the use of statins. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly, our study shows impaired post-OGTT glucose excursions in patients with FH compared to healthy volunteers. Post-OGTT hyperglycaemia may be related to persistent post-OGTT activation of monocytes in FH patients compared to healthy controls, and therefore, it may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Koks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Statistics and Education, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Woman and Baby, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arash Alipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Baldiviez LM, Keim NL, Laugero KD, Hwang DH, Huang L, Woodhouse LR, Burnett DJ, Zerofsky MS, Bonnel EL, Allen LH, Newman JW, Stephensen CB. Design and implementation of a cross-sectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:79. [PMID: 32153856 PMCID: PMC7050916 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic imbalance is a key determinant of risk of chronic diseases. Metabolic health cannot be assessed solely by body mass calculations or by static, fasted state biochemical readouts. Although previous studies have described temporal responses to dietary challenges, these studies fail to assess the environmental factors associated with certain metabolic phenotypes and therefore, provide little scientific rationale for potentially effective intervention strategies. Methods/design In this phenotyping study of healthy US adults, we are evaluating lifestyle, biological and environmental factors in addition to metabolic parameters to determine the factors associated with variations in metabolic health. A series of practical fitness, dietary, and emotional challenges are introduced and temporal responses in various areas of specialization, including immunology, metabolomics, and endocrinology, are monitored. We expect that this study will identify key factors related to healthy or unhealthy metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) that may be modifiable targets for the prevention of chronic diseases in an individual. Discussion This study will provide novel insights into metabolic variability among healthy adults in balanced strata defined by sex, age and body mass index. Usual dietary intake and physical activity will be evaluated across these strata to determine how diet is associated with health status defined using many indicators including immune function, metabolism, body composition, physiology, response to exercise andmeal challenges and neuroendocrine assessment. A principal study goal is to identify dietary and other personal factors that will differentiate different levels of "health" among study participants. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02367287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M Baldiviez
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Daniel H Hwang
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Liping Huang
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Leslie R Woodhouse
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Melissa S Zerofsky
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA
| | - Ellen L Bonnel
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - John W Newman
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA.,NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis, CA USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA USA.,2Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
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31
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López-Moreno J, García-Carpintero S, Jimenez-Lucena R, Haro C, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Blanco-Rojo R, Yubero-Serrano EM, Tinahones FJ, Delgado-Lista J, Pérez-Martínez P, Roche HM, López-Miranda J, Camargo A. Effect of Dietary Lipids on Endotoxemia Influences Postprandial Inflammatory Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7756-7763. [PMID: 28793772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) results in postprandial metabolic alterations that predisposes one to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress. We aimed to assess the effect of the consumption of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on fasting and postprandial plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A subgroup of 75 subjects with metabolic syndrome was randomized to receive 1 of 4 diets: HSFA, rich in saturated fat; HMUFA, rich in monounsaturated fat; LFHCC n-3, low-fat, rich in complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; LFHCC low-fat, rich in complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with placebo, for 12 weeks each. We administered a fat challenge reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diets at postintervention. We determined the plasma lipoproteins and glucose and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and adipose tissue. LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP) plasma levels were determined by ELISA, at fasting and postprandial (4 h after a fat challenge) states. We observed a postprandial increase in LPS levels after the intake of the HSFA meal, whereas we did not find any postprandial changes after the intake of the other three diets. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between the LPS plasma levels and the gene expression of IkBa and MIF1 in PBMC. No statistically significant differences in the LBP plasma levels at fasting or postprandial states were observed. Our results suggest that the consumption of HSFA diet increases the intestinal absorption of LPS which, in turn, increases postprandial endotoxemia levels and the postprandial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sonia García-Carpintero
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Jimenez-Lucena
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Haro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Oriol A Rangel-Zúñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food & Health/UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin , Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - José López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Kabat GC, Kim MY, Manson JE, Lessin L, Lin J, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Rohan TE. White Blood Cell Count and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:63-72. [PMID: 28369251 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
White blood cell (WBC) count appears to predict total mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, but it is unclear to what extent the association reflects confounding by smoking, underlying illness, or comorbid conditions. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative to examine the associations of WBC count with total mortality, CHD mortality, and cancer mortality. WBC count was measured at baseline in 160,117 postmenopausal women and again in year 3 in 74,375 participants. Participants were followed for a mean of 16 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative mortality hazards associated with deciles of baseline WBC count and of the mean of baseline + year 3 WBC count. High deciles of both baseline and mean WBC count were positively associated with total mortality and CHD mortality, whereas the association with cancer mortality was weaker. The association of WBC count with mortality was independent of smoking and did not appear to be influenced by previous disease history. The potential clinical utility of this common laboratory test in predicting mortality risk warrants further study.
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Nas A, Mirza N, Hägele F, Kahlhöfer J, Keller J, Rising R, Kufer TA, Bosy-Westphal A. Impact of breakfast skipping compared with dinner skipping on regulation of energy balance and metabolic risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1351-1361. [PMID: 28490511 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meal skipping has become an increasing trend of the modern lifestyle that may lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes.Objective: We investigated whether the timing of meal skipping impacts these risks by affecting circadian regulation of energy balance, glucose metabolism, and postprandial inflammatory responses.Design: In a randomized controlled crossover trial, 17 participants [body mass index (in kg/m2): 23.7 ± 4.6] underwent 3 isocaloric 24-h interventions (55%, 30%, and 15% carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively): a breakfast skipping day (BSD) and a dinner skipping day (DSD) separated by a conventional 3-meal-structure day (control). Energy and macronutrient balance was measured in a respiration chamber. Postprandial glucose, insulin, and inflammatory responses in leukocytes as well as 24-h glycemia and insulin secretion were analyzed.Results: When compared with the 3-meal control, 24-h energy expenditure was higher on both skipping days (BSD: +41 kcal/d; DSD: +91 kcal/d; both P < 0.01), whereas fat oxidation increased on the BSD only (+16 g/d; P < 0.001). Spontaneous physical activity, 24-h glycemia, and 24-h insulin secretion did not differ between intervention days. The postprandial homeostasis model assessment index (+54%) and glucose concentrations after lunch (+46%) were, however, higher on the BSD than on the DSD (both P < 0.05). Concomitantly, a longer fasting period with breakfast skipping also increased the inflammatory potential of peripheral blood cells after lunch.Conclusions: Compared with 3 meals/d, meal skipping increased energy expenditure. In contrast, higher postprandial insulin concentrations and increased fat oxidation with breakfast skipping suggest the development of metabolic inflexibility in response to prolonged fasting that may in the long term lead to low-grade inflammation and impaired glucose homeostasis. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02635139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Nas
- Departments of Applied Nutrition and Dietetics and
| | - Nora Mirza
- Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A Kufer
- Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; and
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Chan KL, Boroumand P, Milanski M, Pillon NJ, Bilan PJ, Klip A. Deconstructing metabolic inflammation using cellular systems. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E339-E347. [PMID: 28196858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00039.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, we have embarked in a systematic analysis of the effect of obesity or fatty acids on circulating monocytes, microvascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and skeletal muscle cells. With the use of cell culture strategies, we have deconstructed complex physiological systems and then reconstructed "partial equations" to better understand cell-to-cell communication. Through these approaches, we identified that in high saturated fat environments, cell-autonomous proinflammatory pathways are activated in monocytes and endothelial cells, promoting monocyte adhesion and transmigration. We think of this as a paradigm of the conditions promoting immune cell infiltration into tissues during obesity. In concert, it is possible that muscle and adipose tissue secrete immune cell chemoattractants, and indeed, our tissue culture reconstructions reveal that myotubes treated with the saturated fatty acid palmitate, but not the unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate, release nucleotides that attract monocytes and other compounds that promote proinflammatory classically activated "(M1)-like" polarization in macrophages. In addition, palmitate directly triggers an M1-like macrophage phenotype, and secretions from these activated macrophages confer insulin resistance to target muscle cells. Together, these studies suggest that in pathophysiological conditions of excess fat, the muscle, endothelial and immune cells engage in a synergistic crosstalk that exacerbates tissue inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, polarization, and consequent insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny L Chan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Postprandial effects of wine consumption on Platelet Activating Factor metabolic enzymes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 130:23-29. [PMID: 28323197 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator that is involved in the initiation and the prolongation of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of wine consumption on the activity of PAF metabolic enzymes and on IL-6 levels as a cytokine inflammatory marker. Healthy men participated in 4 daily trials and consumed a standardized meal along with Robola wine (trial R), or Cabernet Sauvignon (trial CS), or ethanol solution (trial E), or water (trial W). A significant trial effect was found in the activity of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF AT) (ptrial=0.01). In specific, R trial decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial (p=0.03) while a trend for differentiation was observed between CS trial and E one (p=0.06) as well as between R trial and W one (p=0.07). Concerning PAF-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) activity, a significant trial effect was found (ptrial<0.00). Specifically, both R (p=0.002) and CS (p=0.001) trials decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial. Concerning lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) no time either trial effect was observed. Concerning IL-6 levels a significant time effect was found (ptime<0.00) while no trial effect was revealed. In conclusion, the protective effect of wine consumption could partly be explained through the modulation of PAF metabolism by wine micro-constituents that lead to lower PAF levels.
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de Vries MA, Klop B, van der Meulen N, van de Geijn GJM, Prinzen L, van der Zwan E, Birnie E, Cohen Tervaert JW, Liem AH, de Herder WW, Castro Cabezas M. Leucocyte-bound apolipoprotein B in the circulation is inversely associated with the presence of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:690-7. [PMID: 27314629 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a pro-inflammatory condition, in which leucocyte activation plays an important role. The interaction between circulating leucocytes and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins results in pro-inflammatory changes of these cells. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between apo B bound to circulating leucocytes and atherosclerosis. METHODS Apo B on circulating leucocytes was measured by flow cytometry in subjects with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD), expressed as mean fluorescent intensity in arbitrary units (au). Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Data are given as median (interquartile range). RESULTS A total of 396 subjects were included, of whom 183 had a history of CVD. Compared to subjects without CVD, patients with CVD had lower apo B bound to neutrophils (12·7 au (9·8-16·2) and 14·2 au (10·1-17·5), respectively, P = 0·038) and to monocytes (2·5 au (1·7-3·1) and 2·7 (1·9-3·6) au, respectively, P = 0·025). No differences were found for lymphocyte-bound apo B. Neutrophil- and monocyte-bound apo B were inversely correlated with cIMT (Spearman's rho: -0·123, P = 0·017 and -0·108, P = 0·035, respectively). Both monocyte- and neutrophil-bound apo B were inversely associated with different factors related to the metabolic syndrome, such as body mass index, triglycerides and complement C3. There was a positive association between erythrocyte-bound apo B and apo B bound to each of the leucocyte classes, possibly reflecting a similar mechanism. Discontinuation of statins in 54 subjects did not influence leucocyte-bound apo B. CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, the presence of noninternalized apo B-containing lipoproteins on circulating neutrophil and monocyte membranes may represent a protective mechanism against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Klop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noëlle van der Meulen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke Prinzen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van der Zwan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Statistics and Education, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Cohen Tervaert
- Department of Statistics and Education, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anho H Liem
- Department of Cardiology, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Deveaux A, Pham I, West SG, André E, Lantoine-Adam F, Bunouf P, Sadi S, Hermier D, Mathé V, Fouillet H, Huneau JF, Benamouzig R, Mariotti F. l-Arginine Supplementation Alleviates Postprandial Endothelial Dysfunction When Baseline Fasting Plasma Arginine Concentration Is Low: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Overweight Adults with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. J Nutr 2016; 146:1330-40. [PMID: 27281800 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.227959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of early atherosclerosis, is induced transiently by a high-fat meal. High doses of free l-arginine supplements reduce fasting endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effects of a low dose of a sustained-release (SR) l-arginine supplement on postprandial endothelial function in healthy overweight adults with cardiometabolic risk factors and to investigate whether this effect may vary by baseline arginine status. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover, placebo-controlled trial (4-wk treatment, 4-wk washout), we compared the effects of 1.5 g SR-l-arginine 3 times/d (4.5 g/d) with placebo in 33 healthy overweight adults [body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 25 to >30] with the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype [plasma triglycerides > 150 mg/dL; waist circumference > 94 cm (men) or > 80 cm (women)]. The main outcome variable tested was postprandial endothelial function after a high-fat meal (900 kcal), as evaluated by use of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and Framingham reactive hyperemia index (fRHI), after each treatment. By use of subgroup analysis, we determined whether the effect was related to the baseline plasma arginine concentration. RESULTS In the total population, the effects of SR-arginine supplementation on postprandial endothelial function were mixed and largely varied with baseline fasting arginine concentration (P-interaction < 0.05). In the lower half of the population (below the median of 78.2 μmol arginine/L plasma), but not the upper half, SR-arginine supplementation attenuated the postprandial decrease in both FMD (29% decrease with SR-arginine compared with 50% decrease with placebo) and fRHI (5% increase with SR-arginine compared with 49% decrease with placebo), resulting in significantly higher mean ± SEM values with SR-arginine (FMD: 4.0% ± 0.40%; fRHI: 0.41 ± 0.069) than placebo (FMD: 2.9% ± 0.31%; fRHI: 0.21 ± 0.060) at the end of the postprandial period (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with low-dose SR-arginine alleviates postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy HTW adults when the baseline plasma arginine concentration is relatively low. The benefits of arginine supplementation may be linked to a lower ability to mobilize endogenous arginine for nitric oxide synthesis during a postprandial challenge. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02354794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Deveaux
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Pham
- Department of Physiology and Functional Investigations, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Sheila G West
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | - Etienne André
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Pierre Bunouf
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Samira Sadi
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Mathé
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France;
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Krauzová E, Kračmerová J, Rossmeislová L, Mališová L, Tencerová M, Koc M, Štich V, Šiklová M. Acute hyperlipidemia initiates proinflammatory and proatherogenic changes in circulation and adipose tissue in obese women. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:151-7. [PMID: 27236705 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity represents a high risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and is associated with a low-grade inflammation and activation of immune cells. AIMS The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a short-term lipid infusion on immune cells in blood and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) in obese women. METHODS Seven-hour intravenous lipid/control infusions were performed in two groups of women (n = 15, n = 10, respectively). Before and at the end of the infusion, SAAT and blood samples were obtained and relative content and phenotype of immune cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Analysis of immune cell markers, inflammation and angiogenesis markers was performed in SAAT by RT-PCR and in plasma by immunoassays. RESULTS Relative content of CD45+/14+ and CD45+/14+/16+ populations of monocytes was reduced in circulation by 21% (p = 0.004) and by 46% (p = 0.0002), respectively, in response to hyperlipidemia, which suggested the increased adhesion of these cells to endothelium. In line with this, the levels of sICAM and sVCAM in plasma were increased by 9.4% (p = 0.016), 11.8% (p = 0.008), respectively. In SAAT, the relative content of M2 monocyte/macrophages subpopulation CD45+/14+/206+/16+ decreased by 27% (p = 0.012) and subpopulations CD14+/CD206- and CD14/+TLR4+ cells increased (p = 0.026; p = 0.049, respectively). Intralipid infusion promoted an increase of mRNA levels in SAAT: RORC (marker of proinflammatory Th17 lymphocytes) by 43% (p = 0.048), MCP-1 (78%, p = 0.028) and VEGF (68.5%, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Acute hyperlipidemia induces a proinflammatory and proatherogenic response associated with altered relative content of immune cells in blood and SAAT in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Krauzová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Jana Kračmerová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucia Mališová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Michaela Tencerová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Michal Koc
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Vladimír Štich
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Michaela Šiklová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.
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Coronary leukocyte activation in relation to progression of coronary artery disease. Front Med 2016; 10:85-90. [PMID: 26831871 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte activation has been linked to atherogenesis, but there is little in vivo evidence for its role in the progression of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the predictive value for progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) of leukocyte activation markers in the coronary circulation. Monocyte and neutrophil CD11b, neutrophil CD66b expression and intracellular neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coronary arteries were determined by flow cytometry in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The primary outcome included fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction or arterial vascular intervention due to unstable angina pectoris. In total 99 subjects who were included, 70 had CAD at inclusion (26 patients had single-vessel disease, 18 patients had twovessel disease and 26 patients had three-vessel disease). The median follow-up duration was 2242 days (interquartile range: 2142-2358). During follow-up, 13 patients (13%) developed progression of CAD. Monocyte CD11b, neutrophil CD11b and CD66b expression and intracellular MPO measured in blood obtained from the coronary arteries were not associated with the progression of CAD. These data indicate that coronary monocyte CD11b, neutrophil CD11b and CD66b expression and intracellular MPO do not predict the risk of progression of CAD.
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Abstract
Low-grade tissue inflammation induced by obesity can result in insulin resistance, which in turn is a key cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cells of the innate immune system produce cytokines and other factors that impair insulin signalling, which contributes to the connection between obesity and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the innate immune cells involved in secreting inflammatory factors in the obese state. In the adipose tissue, these cells include proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages and natural killer cells. We also discuss the role of innate immune cells, such as anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, eosinophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and invariant natural killer T cells, in maintaining an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive environment in the lean state. In the liver, both Kupffer cells and recruited hepatic macrophages can contribute to decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity. Proinflammatory macrophages might also adversely affect insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and pancreatic β-cell function. Finally, this Review provides an overview of the mechanisms for regulating proinflammatory immune responses that could lead to future therapeutic opportunities to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Lackey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA
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Relationship between the Peroxidation of Leukocytes Index Ratio and the Improvement of Postprandial Metabolic Stress by a Functional Food. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:5630985. [PMID: 26962396 PMCID: PMC4707374 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5630985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we investigated the relationship between postprandial dysmetabolism and the Peroxidation of Leukocytes Index Ratio (PLIR), a test that measures the resistance of leukocytes to exogenous oxidative stress and their functional capacity of oxidative burst upon activation. Following a blind, placebo controlled, randomized, crossover design, ten healthy subjects ingested, in two different occasions, a high fat and high carbohydrates meal with Snello cookie (HFHCM-S) or with control cookies (HFHCM-C). Snello cookie, a functional food covered by dark chocolate and containing glucomannan, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and Bacillus coagulans strain GanedenBC30, significantly improved postprandial metabolic stress (insulin, glucose, and triglycerides) and reduced the postprandial increase of uric acid. HFHCM-S improved PLIR of lymphocytes, but not of monocytes and granulocytes. Both meals increased granulocytes' count and reduced the lipoperoxidation induced by both exogenous free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative burst. Our results suggest that the healthy status of the subjects could be a limitation of this pilot study for PLIR evaluation on cells that produce ROS by oxidative burst. In conclusion, the relationship between PLIR and postprandial dysmetabolism requires further investigations.
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Abstract
The contribution of intestinal bacterial strains (gut microbiota) to the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders is increasingly recognized as a potential diagnostic and pharmacologic target. Alterations in the intestinal bacterial composition have been associated with presence of chronic low-grade inflammation, a known feature of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, causality still needs to be proven. Fecal transplantation studies in germ-free mice have provided crucial insight into the causality of gut microbiota in development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. Moreover, fecal transplantation studies in conjunction with fecal sampling in prospectively followed cohorts will help identify causally involved intestinal bacterial strains in human obesity. Results from these studies will lead to characterization of novel diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic strategies that aim to treat obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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43
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de Vries MA, Klop B, Alipour A, van de Geijn GJM, Prinzen L, Liem AH, Valdivielso P, Rioja Villodres J, Ramírez-Bollero J, Castro Cabezas M. In vivo evidence for chylomicrons as mediators of postprandial inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:540-5. [PMID: 26523991 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The postprandial situation is a pro-inflammatory condition most likely linked to the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) B48 and fasting and postprandial leukocyte activation markers. METHODS Leukocyte activation markers and apo B48 were determined in 80 subjects with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve healthy subjects underwent an oral fat loading test (up to 8 h). RESULTS Fasting apo B48 was significantly higher in patients with CAD (n = 47, 8.1 ± 5.2 mg/L) than in subjects without CAD (n = 33, 5.9 ± 3.9 mg/L, p = 0.022). Fasting apo B48 and triglycerides correlated positively with fasting monocyte CD11b and neutrophil CD66b expression. Plasma apo B48 and leukocyte activation markers increased after an oral fat load. No correlations were found between fasting or postprandial triglycerides and postprandial leukocyte activation markers. We observed no correlations between postprandial apo B48 and postprandial neutrophil CD11b or CD66b expression. CONCLUSION This study suggests that chylomicron remnants may be responsible for postprandial leukocyte activation in the circulation. The postprandial chylomicron response may be a stronger mediator of postprandial inflammation than postprandial triglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Klop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arash Alipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke Prinzen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anho H Liem
- Department of Cardiology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria and Department of Medicine and Dermatology, IBIMA, University Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Rioja Villodres
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria and Department of Medicine and Dermatology, IBIMA, University Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Ramírez-Bollero
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria and Department of Medicine and Dermatology, IBIMA, University Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Postprandial Effect of a High-Fat Meal on Endotoxemia in Arab Women with and without Insulin-Resistance-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2015; 7:6375-89. [PMID: 26247966 PMCID: PMC4555129 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effects of a high-fat meal on circulating endotoxin and cardiometabolic indices in adult Arab women. The cohort consisted of 92 consenting Saudi women (18 non-diabetic (ND)) control subjects; Age 24.4 ± 7.9 year; body mass index (BMI) 22.2 ± 2.2 Kg/m2), 24 overweight/obese (referred to as overweight-plus (overweight+)) subjects (Age 32.0 ± 7.8 year; BMI 28.5 ± 1.5 Kg/m2) and 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (Age 41.5 ± 6.2 year; BMI 35.2 ± 7.7 Kg/m2). All were given a high-fat meal (standardized meal: 75 g fat, 5 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein) after an overnight fast of 12-14 h. Anthropometrics were obtained and fasting blood glucose, lipids, and endotoxin were serially measured for four consecutive postprandial hours. Endotoxin levels were significantly elevated prior to a high-fat meal in the overweight+ and T2DM than the controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the postprandial cardiometabolic changes led to a more detrimental risk profile in T2DM subjects than other groups, with serial changes most notable in glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and insulin levels (p-values < 0.05). The same single meal given to subjects with different metabolic states had varying impacts on cardiometabolic health. Endotoxemia is exacerbated by a high-fat meal in Arab subjects with T2DM, accompanied by a parallel increase in cardiometabolic risk profile, suggesting disparity in disease pathogenesis of those with or without T2DM through the altered cardiometabolic risk profile rather than variance in metabolic endotoxinaemia with a high-fat meal.
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Schmid A, Petry N, Walther B, Bütikofer U, Luginbühl W, Gille D, Chollet M, McTernan PG, Gijs MAM, Vionnet N, Pralong FP, Laederach K, Vergères G. Inflammatory and metabolic responses to high-fat meals with and without dairy products in men. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1853-61. [PMID: 25990454 PMCID: PMC4498462 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial inflammation is an important factor for human health since chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with chronic diseases. Dairy products have a weak but significant anti-inflammatory effect on postprandial inflammation. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of a high-fat dairy meal (HFD meal), a high-fat non-dairy meal supplemented with milk (HFM meal) and a high-fat non-dairy control meal (HFC meal) on postprandial inflammatory and metabolic responses in healthy men. A cross-over study was conducted in nineteen male subjects. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after consumption of the test meals. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at each time point. IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin concentrations were assessed at baseline and endpoint (6 h). Time-dependent curves of these metabolic parameters were plotted, and the net incremental AUC were found to be significantly higher for TAG and lower for CRP after consumption of the HFM meal compared with the HFD meal; however, the HFM and HFD meals were not different from the HFC meal. Alterations in IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin concentrations were not significantly different between the test meals. The results suggest that full-fat milk and dairy products (cheese and butter) have no significant impact on the inflammatory response to a high-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schmid
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Petry
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
- Groundwork LLC, Crans-près-Céligny,
Switzerland
| | - Barbara Walther
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Bütikofer
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Doreen Gille
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magali Chollet
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip G. McTernan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, University of
Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital
CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François P. Pralong
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital
CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Laederach
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University
Hospital Inselspital, Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS),
Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003Bern, Switzerland
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Stroeve JHM, van Wietmarschen H, Kremer BHA, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. Phenotypic flexibility as a measure of health: the optimal nutritional stress response test. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:13. [PMID: 25896408 PMCID: PMC4404421 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research is struggling to demonstrate beneficial health effects, since nutritional effects are often subtle and long term. Health has been redefined as the ability of our body to cope with daily-life challenges. Physiology acts as a well-orchestrated machinery to adapt to the continuously changing environment. We term this adaptive capacity “phenotypic flexibility.” The phenotypic flexibility concept implies that health can be measured by the ability to adapt to conditions of temporary stress, such as physical exercise, infections or mental stress, in a healthy manner. This may offer a more sensitive way to assess changes in health status of healthy subjects. Here, we performed a systematic review of 61 studies applying different nutritional stress tests to quantify health and nutritional health effects, with the objective to define an optimal nutritional stress test that has the potential to be adopted as the golden standard in nutrition research. To acknowledge the multi-target role of nutrition, a relevant subset of 50 processes that govern optimal health, with high relevance to diet, was used to define phenotypic flexibility. Subsequently, we assessed the response of biomarkers related to this subset of processes to the different challenge tests. Based on the obtained insights, we propose a nutritional stress test composed of a high-fat, high-caloric drink, containing 60 g palm olein, 75 g glucose and 20 g dairy protein in a total volume of 400 ml. The use of such a standardized nutritional challenge test in intervention studies is expected to demonstrate subtle improvements of phenotypic flexibility, thereby enabling substantiation of nutritional health effects.
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47
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Horvath P, Oliver SR, Zaldivar FP, Radom-Aizik S, Galassetti PR. Effects of intravenous glucose and lipids on innate immune cell activation in healthy, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12249. [PMID: 25677544 PMCID: PMC4393186 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease are major causes of morbidity/mortality in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and have been associated with activation of innate immune cells, their diapedesis to the arterial intima and formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. While in obesity/T2D immune cell activation likely depends on dysregulated metabolism, the interaction between individual metabolic factors typical of these conditions (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia), innate immune cell activation, and the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. We, therefore, measured by flow cytometry cell surface expression of CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD62L, and CD66b, known markers of granulocyte (Gc) and monocyte (Mc) activation, in five healthy, five obese, and five T2D subjects, during 4-h i.v. infusions of 20% dextrose (raising blood sugar levels to ~220 mg/dL), 20% Intralipid (raising trygliceride levels to ~6 mmol/L), or a combination of the two. We hypothesized that both glucose and lipids would increase Gc/Mc surface marker expression, and simultaneous infusion would have an additive or synergistic effect. Surprisingly, though, infusion of glucose alone had little effect, while lipids, alone or combined with glucose, significantly increased expression of several markers (such as CD11b in Gc and Mc, and CD66 b in GC) within 60-90 min. Less pronounced increases in systemic inflammatory cytokines also occurred in obese and T2D subject, with no acute changes in gene expression of the the proinflammatory genes NFκB and CCR2. Our results suggest that lipids may be stronger acute contributors to innate cell activation than acute hyperglycemia per se, possibly helping shape more effective preventive dietary guidelines in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horvath
- Institute for Clinical Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Stacy R Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Frank P Zaldivar
- Institute for Clinical Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Pietro R Galassetti
- Institute for Clinical Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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48
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de Vries MA, Alipour A, Klop B, van de Geijn GJM, Janssen HW, Njo TL, van der Meulen N, Rietveld AP, Liem AH, Westerman EM, de Herder WW, Cabezas MC. Glucose-dependent leukocyte activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, familial combined hyperlipidemia and healthy controls. Metabolism 2015; 64:213-7. [PMID: 25456098 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte activation has been associated with vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia may be involved in this leukocyte activation. Our aim was to investigate the role of elevated glucose concentrations on leukocyte activation in patients with a wide range of insulin sensitivity. METHODS Leukocyte activation was determined after ingestion of 75 gram glucose in subjects with T2DM, familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) and healthy controls. Leukocyte activation markers were measured by flow cytometry. Postprandial changes were calculated as the area under the curve (AUC), and the incremental area under the curve corrected for baseline values (dAUC). RESULTS 51 Subjects (20 T2DM, 17 FCH and 14 controls) were included. Fasting neutrophil CD66b expression and CD66b-AUC were respectively 36% and 39% higher in T2DM patients than in controls (p=0.004 and p=0.003). Fasting neutrophil CD66b expression correlated positively with glucose-AUC (Spearman's rho 0.481, p<0.001) and HbA1c (rho 0.433, p=0.002). Although fasting monocyte CD11b expression was not significantly different between subjects, monocyte CD11b-AUC was 26% higher in T2DM than in controls (p=0.006). Similar trends were observed for FCH patients. Monocyte CD11b-dAUC correlated positively with glucose-AUC (rho 0.322, p=0.022) and HbA1c (rho 0.319, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that both acute and chronic hyperglycemia, associated with insulin resistance as seen in T2DM and FCH, are involved in the increased fasting and postprandial leukocyte activation observed in these conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- CD11b Antigen/blood
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins/blood
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/etiology
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/blood
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/immunology
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/metabolism
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/physiopathology
- Insulin Resistance
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Arash Alipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Klop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hans W Janssen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjin L Njo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noëlle van der Meulen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arie P Rietveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anho H Liem
- Department of Cardiology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elsbeth M Westerman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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49
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Perez-Martinez P, Alcala-Diaz JF, Delgado-Lista J, Garcia-Rios A, Gomez-Delgado F, Marin-Hinojosa C, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Delgado-Casado N, Perez-Caballero AI, Fuentes-Jimenez FJ, Camargo A, Tinahones FJ, Ordovas JM, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Metabolic phenotypes of obesity influence triglyceride and inflammation homoeostasis. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1053-64. [PMID: 25231836 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the degree of postprandial triglyceride (TG) response over the day, representing a highly dynamic state, with continuous metabolic adaptations, among normal-weight, overweight and obese patients, according to their metabolically healthy or abnormal status. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1002 patients from the CORDIOPREV clinical trial (NCT00924937) were submitted to an oral fat load test meal with 0·7 g fat/kg body weight (12% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 43% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 10% protein and 25% carbohydrates). Serial blood test analysing lipid fractions and inflammation markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during postprandial state. We explored the dynamic response according to six body size phenotypes: (i) normal weight, metabolically healthy; (ii) normal weight, metabolically abnormal; (iii) overweight, metabolically healthy; (iv) overweight, metabolically abnormal; (v) obese, metabolically healthy; and (vi) obese, metabolically abnormal. RESULTS Metabolically healthy patients displayed lower postprandial response of plasma TG and large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs)-TG, compared with those metabolically abnormal, independently whether or not they were obese (P < 0·001 and P < 0·001, respectively). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of TG and AUC of large TRLs-TG were greater in the group of metabolically abnormal compared with the group of metabolically healthy (P < 0·001 and P < 0·001, respectively). Interestingly, metabolically abnormal subjects displayed higher postprandial response of plasma hs-CRP than did the subgroup of normal, overweight and obese, metabolically healthy patients (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that certain types of the metabolic phenotypes of obesity are more favourable modulating phenotypic flexibility after a dynamic fat load test, through TG metabolism and inflammation homoeostasis. To identify, these phenotypes may be the best strategy for personalized treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Haro C, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Marin C, Quintana-Navarro GM, Tinahones FJ, Malagón MM, Lopez-Segura F, López-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F, Camargo A. Effect of frying oils on the postprandial endoplasmic reticulum stress in obese people. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2239-42. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol A. Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Carmen Haro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Carmen Marin
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Gracia M. Quintana-Navarro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service; Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
| | - María M. Malagón
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez-Segura
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Jose López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit; IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Cordoba Spain
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