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Chandy M, Hill T, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC, Sarles SE, Hensel E, Wang Q, Rahman I, Conklin DJ. Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?". Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:435-471. [PMID: 38555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues. This has been the case for hazard assessments of drugs and environmental chemicals in areas such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and developmental toxicity. Despite these advances, a shortage of widely accepted methodologies to predict the impact of ENDS use on human health slows the application of regulatory oversight and the protection of public health. Minimizing the time between the emergence of risk (e.g., ENDS use) and the administration of well-founded regulatory policy requires thoughtful consideration of the currently available sources of data, their applicability to the prediction of health outcomes, and whether these available data streams are enough to support an actionable decision. This challenge forms the basis of this white paper on how best to reveal potential toxicities of ENDS use in the human cardiovascular system-a primary target of conventional tobacco smoking. We identify current approaches used to evaluate the impacts of tobacco on cardiovascular health, in particular emerging techniques that replace, reduce, and refine slower and more costly animal models with NAMs platforms that can be applied to tobacco regulatory science. The limitations of these emerging platforms are addressed, and systems biology approaches to close the knowledge gap between traditional models and NAMs are proposed. It is hoped that these suggestions and their adoption within the greater scientific community will result in fresh data streams that will support and enhance the scientific evaluation and subsequent decision-making of tobacco regulatory agencies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Hill
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Edward Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston St., Delia Baxter, Rm. 404E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Qin X, Hou X, Xu X, Chen L, Gao A, Hao Y, Du X, Zhao L, Shi Y, Li Q. Down-regulation of connexin 43 contributes to structure and function of pulmonary artery in nicotine-administered mice. Toxicol Lett 2023; 377:1-13. [PMID: 36720419 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated connexin signaling is implicated in the pathophysiology of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Nicotine affects pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, the potential mechanistic link between connexin signaling and nicotine-induced pulmonary artery remodeling remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of connexin 43 (Cx43) in pulmonary artery remodeling in nicotine-administered C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) and Cx43 heterozygous (Cx43+/-) mice. Hemodynamic parameters and right ventricle pathology were assessed in the mice. Serum biochemical indices of hepatic and renal function were measured. The RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were conducted to evaluate Cx43 mRNA and protein levels. We performed histological staining to identify pulmonary arteries. Wire myography was used to examine contraction and relaxation responses in the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary vascular permeability was assessed through Evans blue staining. Compared with the WT group, the Cx43+/- group showed lower Cx43 mRNA and protein expression in the pulmonary arteries (P < 0.01). Nicotine treatment significantly increased Cx43 expression (P < 0.01) and induced morphological changes in the pulmonary arteries (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that Cx43 plays a crucial role in pulmonary artery reactivity and permeability in mice. Furthermore, downregulation of Cx43 expression may contribute to alterations in pulmonary artery structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Qin
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; China Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; China Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xinrong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangjin Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Anqi Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Hao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xufeng Du
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangyuan Zhao
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Targeted Drugs, School of Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 121 University Street, Jinzhong 030602, Shanxi, China.
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An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00193-X. [PMID: 35998874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of chronic disease and premature death, especially cardiovascular disease. As an emerging tobacco product, e-cigarettes have been advocated as alternatives to canonical cigarettes, and thus may be an aid to promote smoking cessation. However, recent studies indicated that e-cigarettes should not be completely harmless to the cardiovascular system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to build up an integral perspective of cigarettes and e-cigarettes-related cardiovascular toxicity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review adopted the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework as a pivotal tool and aimed to elucidate the association between the molecular initiating events (MIEs) induced by cigarette and e-cigarette exposure to the cardiovascular adverse outcome. Since the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been widely approved to play a critical role in cigarette smoke-related CVD and may also be involved in e-cigarette-induced toxic effects, the ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative stress are regarded as essential parts of this framework. As far as we know, this should be the first AOP framework focusing on cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity, and we hope our work to be a guide in exploring the biomarkers and novel therapies for cardiovascular injury.
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Zheng F, Lian E, Ramirez G, McAlister C, Zhou S, Zhang W, Liu C, Perera R, Zhan CG. Nicotine has no significant cytoprotective activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272941. [PMID: 35980910 PMCID: PMC9387791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a pandemic, one of most important questions was whether people who smoke are at more risk of COVID-19 infection. A number of clinical data have been reported in the literature so far, but controversy exists in the collection and interpretation of the data. Particularly, there is a controversial hypothesis that nicotine might be able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, motivated by the reported controversial clinical data and the controversial hypothesis, we carried out cytotoxicity assays in Vero E6 cells to examine the potential cytoprotective activity of nicotine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrated for the first time that nicotine had no significant cytoprotective activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Elena Lian
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Gaby Ramirez
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Carley McAlister
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Rushika Perera
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Whitehead AK, Erwin AP, Yue X. Nicotine and vascular dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13631. [PMID: 33595878 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the role of nicotine, the addictive component of all tobacco products, in the development of CVD is incompletely understood. Although increased public awareness of the harms of cigarette smoking has successfully led to a decline in its prevalence, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cig) or electronic nicotine delivery system has increased dramatically in recent years because of the perception that these products are safe. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the expression and function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cardiovascular system and the impact of nicotine exposure on cardiovascular health, with a focus on nicotine-induced vascular dysfunction. Nicotine alters vasoreactivity through endothelium-dependent and/or endothelium-independent mechanisms, leading to clinical manifestations in both cigarette smokers and e-cig users. In addition, nicotine induces vascular remodelling through its effects on proliferation, migration and matrix production of both vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this review is to identify critical knowledge gaps regarding the effects of nicotine on the vasculature and to stimulate continued nicotine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Whitehead
- Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Abigail P. Erwin
- Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Xinping Yue
- Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
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7
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Fu X, Zong T, Yang P, Li L, Wang S, Wang Z, Li M, Li X, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Htet Aung LH, Yang Y, Yu T. Nicotine: Regulatory roles and mechanisms in atherosclerosis progression. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112154. [PMID: 33774093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The smoke produced by tobacco burning contains more than 7000 chemicals, among which nicotine is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. This review introduces the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms involving nicotine and its receptors. Herein, we focus on the various roles of nicotine in atherosclerosis, such as upregulation of growth factors, inflammation, and the dysfunction of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) as well as macrophages. In addition, nicotine can stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, cause abnormal lipid metabolism, and activate immune cells leading to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, are currently a research hotspot, due to their important connections with macrophages and the VSMC, and may represent a novel application into future preventive treatment to promote the prevention of smoking-related atherosclerosis. In this review, we will elaborate on the regulatory mechanism of nicotine on atherosclerosis, as well as the effects of interference with nicotine receptors and the use of exosomes to prevent atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 66000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Centner AM, Bhide PG, Salazar G. Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E1035. [PMID: 32331221 PMCID: PMC7226537 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a known exacerbator of age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and cellular aging (senescence). However, the role of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine is yet to be elucidated. Considering the growing amount of nicotine-containing aerosol use in recent years, the role of nicotine is a relevant public health concern. A number of recent studies and health education sites have focused on nicotine aerosol-induced adverse lung function, and neglected cardiovascular (CV) impairments and diseases. A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. The accumulation of senescent VSMCs in the lesion cap is detrimental as it increases the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting an unstable plaque phenotype. Therefore, nicotine, and most likely its metabolite cotinine, adversely influence atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, FSU College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Wang Z, Liu B, Zhu J, Wang D, Wang Y. Nicotine-mediated autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cell accelerates atherosclerosis via nAChRs/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:1-10. [PMID: 30856513 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Nicotine, the major constituent of cigarettes, mediates the phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and contributes to atherogenesis. Recent studies show that autophagy regulates atherogenesis via several pathways. The aim of this study is to determine whether nicotine regulates autophagy and subsequently mediates the phenotypic transition of VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Oil Red O and HE staining of aortic sections of ApoE-/- mice showed that nicotine promoted atherosclerosis, and in situ expression of α-SMA indicated the involvement of VSMCs. Western blotting documented that nicotine induced the aorta autophagy. Cultured VSMCs treated with nicotine resulted in the increase of LC3 II-to-LC3 I ratio and the decrease of P62, along with GFP-LC3 puncta assay and transmission electron microscopy, further reflecting nicotine-induced autophagy. In addition, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR showed that VSMCs exposed to nicotine underwent changes in the expression of differentiation markers (α-SMA, SM22α and osteopontin), confirming the role of nicotine in VSMC differentiation. Transwell migration and scratch assays demonstrated that nicotine increased the migratory capacity of VSMCs. Finally, nicotine also increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by DCFH-DA staining. After respectively inhibiting autophagy (3-MA), oxidative stress (NAC), NF-κB activity (BAY 11-7082, si-p65) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs, hexamethonium), nicotine-induced autophagy and VSMC phenotype switching were reversed. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine-induced autophagy promotes the phenotype switching of VSMCs and accelerates atherosclerosis, which is partly mediated by the nAChRs/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jumo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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10
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Nicotine facilitates VSMC dysfunction through a miR-200b/RhoGDIA/cytoskeleton module. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43798. [PMID: 28252009 PMCID: PMC5333142 DOI: 10.1038/srep43798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine can induce the abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We have previously shown that cytoskeletal proteins and RhoGDIA, a negative regulator of the Rho GTPase pathway, are involved in the nicotine-induced dysfunction of VSMCs. Here, we found that nicotine can activate the Rho GTPase pathway and induce the synthesis of the cytoskeletal proteins in VSMCs through the activation of intracellular downstream signaling pathways, including targets such as MYPT1, PAK1 and PI3K/AKT. Upon nicotine treatment, the mRNA level of RhoGDIA is increased but protein level is decreased both in vitro and in vivo, which suggested a mechanism of post-translational regulation. By the dual luciferase reporter assay, we identified the microRNA-200b (miR-200b) as a modulator of the behavioural changes of VSMCs in response to nicotine through targeting RhoGDIA directly. Introducing miR-200b inhibitors into cultured VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, we found that hypomethylation in the CpG island shore region of miR-200b was responsible for the nicotine-induced miR-200b up-regulation in VSMCs. The study demonstrates that nicotine facilitates VSMC dysfunction through a miR-200b/RhoGDIA/cytoskeleton module through the hypomethylation of miR-200b promoter and suggests that epigenetic modifications may play an important role in the pathological progression.
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11
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Mandraffino G, Aragona CO, Scuruchi M, Mamone F, D'Ascola A, Alibrandi A, Cinquegrani M, Morace C, Oreto L, Saitta C, Mormina E, Carerj S, Saitta A, Imbalzano E. Biglycan expression, earlier vascular damage and pro-atherogenic profile improvement after smoke cessation in young people. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
During the past years, non-neuronal vascular nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) increasingly have gained interest in cardiovascular research, as they are known to mediate the deleterious effects of nicotine and nitrosamines, components of tobacco smoke, on the vasculature. Because smoking is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, it is obvious that understanding the pathophysiologic role of nAChRs in the atherosclerotic disease process, as well as in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic nAChR-related options, has become more important. Accordingly, we briefly summarize the pathophysiologic role of vascular nAChRs in the atherosclerotic disease process. We also provide an overview of currently available nAChR positron emission tomography (PET) tracers and their performance in the noninvasive imaging of vascular nAChRs, as well as potential nAChR PET tracers that might be an option for vascular nAChR PET imaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Wang L, Jing J, Fu Q, Tang X, Su L, Wu S, Li G, Zhou L. Association study of genetic variants at newly identified lipid gene TRIB1 with coronary heart disease in Chinese Han population. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:46. [PMID: 25986010 PMCID: PMC4457977 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the variants near TRIB1 gene affecting blood lipid levels. However, the association between the reported variants and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) was not confirmed. METHODS We conducted two independent case-control studies. The first study consisted of 300 CHD patients and 300 controls and the second study had 1,332 CHD patients and 2,811 controls. The genotypes of two variants rs3201475 and rs17321515 in TRIB1 were determined by TaqMan assay. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed for evaluating the function of the SNP rs3201475. RESULTS The statistical analysis indicated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17321515 was replicated to be associated with triglyceride (TG) level, which was also significantly associated with CHD risk when using the stratified analysis after adjusting for conventional risk factors. Compared with GG genotype, AA carriers of SNP rs17321515 had higher risk in males (odds ratio (OR)=1.28, 95%CI=1.01-1.61; P=0.03) and smokers (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.09-1.88; P=0.01). We did not find significantly association between genotypes of rs3201475 and CHD risk. In addition, no significant difference was found in the luciferase activity assay of SNP rs3201475. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that SNP rs17321515 is significantly associated with plasma TG level and the increasing risk of CHD among males and smokers in Chinese, whereas there is no positive association between SNP rs3201475 and CHD risk. Smoking could modify the effects of TRIB1 on CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, the Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jinjin Jing
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Qianxi Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, the Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, the Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Li Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Shishi Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Epidemiology, the Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, the Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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14
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Mandraffino G, Imbalzano E, Mamone F, Aragona C, Lo Gullo A, D'Ascola A, Alibrandi A, Cinquegrani A, Mormina E, Versace A, Basile G, Sardo M, Cinquegrani M, Carerj S, Saitta A. Biglycan expression in current cigarette smokers: A possible link between active smoking and atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:471-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Nicotine exposure alters human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype from a contractile to a synthetic type. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:464-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Králíková E, Kmeťová A, Štěpánková L, Zvolská K, Felbrová V, Kulovaná S, Bortlíček Z, Blaha M, Fraser K. Tobacco dependence, the most important cardiovascular risk factor: treatment in the Czech Republic. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S361-8. [PMID: 25428741 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is the most important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Stopping smoking halves the CV risk. Every clinician should provide a brief intervention with smokers. Intensive treatment should be available to those who need it. There are 37 Centers for Tobacco Dependence in the Czech Republic, which offer treatment including a psychobehavioral intervention and pharmacotherapy (varenicline, nicotine, bupropion). Czech physicians, pharmacists and nurses are regularly educated about smoking cessation. We describe the results of intensive treatment offered by our centers. Treatment includes screening (1 h), an intervention (2 h), and follow-up visits during the next 12 months. Among 3532 patients, 34.3 % had CO-validated abstinence at 12-months (including 489 patients who attended the screening visit + only the 12-month follow up visit). Among patients who underwent the intervention, the abstinence rate was 38.2 %. The majority of patients who underwent the intervention (N=2470) used some form of pharmacotherapy. After one year, the abstinence rate was 43.4 %, compared to 15.9 % (N=573) without pharmacotherapy. Only 28 % of patients came on the recommendation of a physician. Despite the decrease in CV risk following smoking cessation and the effectiveness of treatment, centers are underutilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Králíková
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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He N, Wang Z, Wang Y, Shen H, Yin M. ZY-1, a novel nicotinic analog, promotes proliferation and migration of adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:1149-57. [PMID: 24057433 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) of the subgranular zone have been implicated in cognitive processes, which represent a potentially important source of regenerative medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In our previous studies, ZY-1, a novel nicotinic analog, improved cognitive function in transgenic mice model of AD. However, the effect of ZY-1 on the NSPCs remains unclear. Here, we show that ZY-1 significantly increased proliferation and migration of NSPCs, but failed to affect NSPCs differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, during the proliferative period, ZY-1 enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Meanwhile, ZY-1 also inhibited the levels of Aβ42-induced ROS. Our data indicate that ZY-1 regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vitro, at least partly due to modulating intracellular ROS levels. These results, taken together with those of our previous studies, suggest that ZY-1 might have a potential therapeutic effect for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Starke RM, Ali MS, Jabbour PM, Tjoumakaris SI, Gonzalez F, Hasan DM, Rosenwasser RH, Owens GK, Koch WJ, Dumont AS. Cigarette smoke modulates vascular smooth muscle phenotype: implications for carotid and cerebrovascular disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71954. [PMID: 23967268 PMCID: PMC3743809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation in the cerebral circulation and pathogenesis of stroke has not been determined. Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, but potential mechanisms are unclear, and its role in SMC phenotypic modulation has not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS In cultured cerebral vascular SMCs, exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) resulted in decreased promoter activity and mRNA expression of key SMC contractile genes (SM-α-actin, SM-22α, SM-MHC) and the transcription factor myocardin in a dose-dependent manner. CSE also induced pro-inflammatory/matrix remodeling genes (MCP-1, MMPs, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB). CSE increased expression of KLF4, a known regulator of SMC differentiation, and siKLF4 inhibited CSE induced suppression of SMC contractile genes and myocardin and activation of inflammatory genes. These mechanisms were confirmed in vivo following exposure of rat carotid arteries to CSE. Chromatin immune-precipitation assays in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that CSE promotes epigenetic changes with binding of KLF4 to the promoter regions of myocardin and SMC marker genes and alterations in promoter acetylation and methylation. CONCLUSION CSE exposure results in phenotypic modulation of cerebral SMC through myocardin and KLF4 dependent mechanisms. These results provides a mechanism by which cigarette smoke induces a pro-inflammatory/matrix remodeling phenotype in SMC and an important pathway for cigarette smoke to contribute to atherosclerosis and stroke.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation/drug effects
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/cytology
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cerebrovascular Disorders/chemically induced
- Cerebrovascular Disorders/genetics
- Cerebrovascular Disorders/pathology
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Genetic Markers/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Phenotype
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Smoke/adverse effects
- Tobacco Products/analysis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Starke
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Muhammad S. Ali
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pascal M. Jabbour
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David M. Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Rosenwasser
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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19
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Fearon IM, Gaça MD, Nordskog BK. In vitro models for assessing the potential cardiovascular disease risk associated with cigarette smoking. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:513-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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NF-κB pathway mediates vascular smooth muscle response to nicotine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Chalouhi N, Ali MS, Starke RM, Jabbour PM, Tjoumakaris SI, Gonzalez LF, Rosenwasser RH, Koch WJ, Dumont AS. Cigarette smoke and inflammation: role in cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:271582. [PMID: 23316103 PMCID: PMC3532877 DOI: 10.1155/2012/271582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage yet the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent data has implicated a role of inflammation in the development of cerebral aneurysms. Inflammation accompanying cigarette smoke exposure may thus be a critical pathway underlying the development, progression, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Various constituents of the inflammatory response appear to be involved including adhesion molecules, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, leukocytes, matrix metalloproteinases, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Characterization of the molecular basis of the inflammatory response accompanying cigarette smoke exposure will provide a rational approach for future targeted therapy. In this paper, we review the current body of knowledge implicating cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in cerebral aneurysm formation/rupture and attempt to highlight important avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohra Chalouhi
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Ali
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert M. Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Pascal M. Jabbour
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - L. Fernando Gonzalez
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert H. Rosenwasser
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and George Zallie and Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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22
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Santanam N, Thornhill BA, Lau JK, Crabtree CM, Cook CR, Brown KC, Dasgupta P. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:264-73. [PMID: 22929083 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. Cigarette smoke consists of a complex mixture of about 4000 compounds. Out of these, polycyclic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, oxidizing agents and carbon monoxide have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that nicotine (the addictive component of cigarettes) binds to high affinity cell-surface receptors and accelerates the atherogenic process. These receptors are called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and are expressed ubiquitously in almost all cells existing in the blood vessels. The present review summarizes the pro-atherogenic effects of nAChR ligands such as nicotine and tobacco nitrosamines. The contribution of different nAChR subunits in plaque growth, progression and neovascularization are discussed in detail. The signaling pathways underlying the actions of the nAChRs ligands in blood vessels are also described. Finally, the feasibility of nAChR ligands as therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis is summarized. We believe that the information presented in this review is relevant for atherosclerosis patients who are active smokers, exposed to environmental tobacco smoke or use nicotine patches or gums for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Santanam
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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23
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Nicotine enhances proliferation, migration, and radioresistance of human malignant glioma cells through EGFR activation. Brain Tumor Pathol 2012; 30:73-83. [PMID: 22614999 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-012-0101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that continued tobacco use during radiation therapy contributes to maintenance of neoplastic growth despite treatment with radiation. Nicotine is a cigarette component that is an established risk factor for many diseases, neoplastic and otherwise. The hypothesis of this work is that nicotine promotes the proliferation, migration, and radioresistance of human malignant glioma cells. The effect of nicotine on cellular proliferation, migration, signaling, and radiation sensitivity were evaluated for malignant glioma U87 and GBM12 cells by use of the AlamarBlue, scratch healing, and clonogenic survival assays. Signal transduction was assessed by immunoblotting for activated EGFR, ERK, and AKT. At concentrations comparable with those found in chronic smokers, nicotine induced malignant glioma cell migration, growth, colony formation, and radioresistance. Nicotine increased phosphorylation of EGFR(tyr992), AKT(ser473), and ERK. These molecular effects were reduced by pharmacological inhibitors of EGFR, PI3K, and MEK. It was therefore concluded that nicotine stimulates the malignant behavior of glioma cells in vitro by activation of the EGFR and downstream AKT and ERK pathways.
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24
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Khoi PN, Park JS, Kim NH, Jung YD. Nicotine stimulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression and cell invasiveness through mitogen-activated protein kinase and reactive oxygen species signaling in ECV304 endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 259:248-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Genomic research to identify novel pathways in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiol Res Pract 2012; 2012:852829. [PMID: 22400124 PMCID: PMC3286885 DOI: 10.1155/2012/852829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease with a large heritable component. There is a need to improve our understanding of AAA pathogenesis in order to develop novel treatment paradigms. Genomewide association studies have revolutionized research into the genetic variants that underpin the development of many complex diseases including AAA. This article reviews the progress that has been made to date in this regard, including mechanisms by which loci identified by GWAS may contribute to the development of AAA. It also highlights potential post-GWAS analytical strategies to improve our understanding of the disease further.
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26
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Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Martinez P, Mata P, Fuentes F, Lopez-Miranda J, Alonso R, Caballero J, Mata N, Perez-Jimenez F, Ordovas JM. Polymorphism at the TRIB1 gene modulates plasma lipid levels: insight from the Spanish familial hypercholesterolemia cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:957-963. [PMID: 20692138 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS rs17321515 SNP has been associated with variation in LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. This effect has never been studied in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, our aims were to assess the association of the rs17321515 (TRIB1) SNP with plasma lipids concentrations and anthropometric variables and to explore the interaction between this SNP and some classic risk factors in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). METHODS AND RESULTS rs17321515 SNP was genotyped in 531 subjects with genetic diagnosis of FH. Homozygous A/A had significantly higher waist circumference compared with G/G subjects (P = 0.006) and carriers of the minor allele G (P = 0.039). Interestingly, smokers homozygous for the A allele displayed higher plasma triglycerides concentrations (P = 0.029), higher VLDL-C levels (P = 0.023) and higher TC/HDL-C ratio (P = 0.035) than carriers of the minor allele G. In addition, homozygous A/A with the presence of arcus cornealis displayed lower plasma ApoA-I levels (P = 0.024) and higher TC/HDL-C ratio (P = 0.046) than carriers of the minor allele G. CONCLUSIONS Smoking status and presence of arcus cornealis modulate the effect of rs17321515 (TRIB1) polymorphism on plasma lipids levels in patients with FH. These results could explain the differences in the susceptibility to coronary heart disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Rios
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba-IMIBIC, 14004 Cordoba, University of Cordoba, CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Spain
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27
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Stein JJ, Seymour KA, Maier KG, Gahtan V. The effects of nicotine on vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis induced by thrombospondin-1 and fibronectin. Am J Surg 2011; 202:545-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Harrison SC, Holmes MV, Agu O, Humphries SE. Genome wide association studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms-biological insights and potential translation applications. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:47-56. [PMID: 21414622 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disease with important environmental risk factors and a heritability of approximately 70%. Genome wide association studies have revolutionised the study of complex disorders and offer the potential for innovative insight into disease pathogenesis and development of individualised therapeutic options. This paper reviews the progress of genome wide association studies in AAA, highlighting novel disease pathways and potential translational applications of genomic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus C Harrison
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, The Rayne Building, Department of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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29
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Yoshiyama S, Horinouchi T, Miwa S, Wang HH, Kohama K, Nakamura A. Effect of cigarette smoke components on vascular smooth muscle cell migration toward platelet-derived growth factor BB. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:532-5. [PMID: 21422730 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10283sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the factors causing accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic plaques. Changes in cell migration toward platelet-derived growth factor BB were investigated using a Boyden chamber after 48-h preincubation of GBaSM-4 VSMCs with nicotine or nicotine-free cigarette smoke extract (CSE). A nicotine concentration of 0.1 µM maximally promoted cell migration; 0.1% CSE also promoted cell migration, while high CSE concentrations damaged GBaSM-4 cells. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) long-depletion induced decrease in migration of GBaSM-4 cells. Our results suggest that nicotine and some CSE components can induce GBaSM-4 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yoshiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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30
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Lu KK, Trcka D, Bendeck MP. Collagen stimulates discoidin domain receptor 1-mediated migration of smooth muscle cells through Src. Cardiovasc Pathol 2011; 20:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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31
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Willis AI, Sadowitz B, Fuse S, Maier KG, Lee TS, Wang XJ, Tuszynski GP, Sumpio BE, Gahtan V. Thrombospondin 1, Fibronectin, and Vitronectin are Differentially Dependent Upon RAS, ERK1/2, and p38 for Induction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Chemotaxis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010; 45:55-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574410387677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), fibronectin (Fn), and vitronectin (Vn) promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) chemotaxis through a variety of second messenger systems, including Ras, ERK1/2, and p38. Hypothesis: Ras, ERK1/2, and p38 differentially affect TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Methods: Bovine VSMCs were transfected with Ras N17 or treated with the following inhibitors: a farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) inhibitor, PD098059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), or SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). Thrombospondin 1, Fn, and Vn were used as chemoattractants. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc testing (P < .05). Results: Ras N17 transfection or FPT inhibitor treatment inhibited TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced chemotaxis. PD098059 or SB202190 resulted in more inhibition of VSMC migration to TSP-1 than to Fn or Vn. Conclusions: Ras appears equally relevant in the signal transduction pathways of TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Thrombospondin 1-induced migration is more dependent upon ERK1/2 and p38 than Fn- or Vn-included migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliric I. Willis
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Sadowitz
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shoichi Fuse
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher G. Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tae S. Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bauer E. Sumpio
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,
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Seif-Naraghi SB, Salvatore MA, Schup-Magoffin PJ, Hu DP, Christman KL. Design and characterization of an injectable pericardial matrix gel: a potentially autologous scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2017-27. [PMID: 20100033 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following ischemic injury in the heart, little to no repair occurs, causing a progressive degeneration of cardiac function that leads to congestive heart failure. Cardiac tissue engineering strategies have focused on designing a variety of injectable scaffolds that range in composition from single-component materials to complex extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived materials. In this study, the pericardial ECM, a commonly used biomaterial, was investigated for use as an injectable scaffold for cardiac repair. It was determined that a solubilized form of decellularized porcine pericardium could be injected and induced to gel in vivo, prompting investigation with human pericardium, which has the decided advantage of offering an autologous therapy. Characterization showed that the matrix gels retained components of the native pericardial ECM, with extant protein and glycosaminoglycan content identified. The results of an in vitro migration assay indicate that the porcine pericardial matrix is a stronger chemoattractant for relevant cell types, but in vivo results showed that the two materials caused statistically similar amounts of neovascularization, demonstrating feasibility as injectable treatments. Potential stem cell mobilization was supported by the presence of c-Kit+ cells within the matrix injection regions. With this work, the pericardium is identified as a novel source for an autologous scaffold for treating myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya B Seif-Naraghi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
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Vazquez-Padron RI, Mateu D, Rodriguez-Menocal L, Wei Y, Webster KA, Pham SM. Novel role of Egr-1 in nicotine-related neointimal formation. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 88:296-303. [PMID: 20615913 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which nicotine increases vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and post-injury neointimal formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular injury was inflicted in the right iliac artery of nicotine-treated and control rats. Nicotine increased post-injury VSMC proliferation (Ki67(+) cells) and neointimal formation (neointima/media ratio, 0.42 ± 0.23 vs. 0.14 ± 0.07, P= 0.02). To determine the mechanisms by which nicotine exacerbates VSMC proliferation, cultured cells were exposed to nicotine, and signalling pathways leading to cell proliferation were studied. Nicotine activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The blockade of this signalling axis abolished nicotine-mediated proliferation. Functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and Ca(2+) influx were necessary for ERK1/2 activation and nicotine-induced mitogenesis in VSMCs. Downstream to ERK1/2, nicotine induced the phosphorylation of Ets-like gene 1 in a timely co-ordinated manner with the up-regulation of the atherogenic transcription factor, early growth response 1 (Egr-1). The treatment of balloon-injured arteries with a lentivirus vector carrying a short hairpin RNA against Egr-1 abolished the deleterious effect of nicotine on vascular remodelling. CONCLUSION Nicotine acts through its receptors in VSMC to activate the ERK-Egr-1 signaling cascade that induces cell proliferation and exacerbates post-injury neointimal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 7147A, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Takahashi HK, Liu K, Wake H, Mori S, Zhang J, Liu R, Yoshino T, Nishibori M. Effect of nicotine on advanced glycation end product-induced immune response in human monocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:1013-21. [PMID: 19955489 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.160861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of adhesion molecule expressions on monocytes enhances cell-to-cell interactions with T cells, leading to cytokine production. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are modifications of proteins/lipids that become nonenzymatically glycated after contact with aldose sugars. Among various subtypes of AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived AGE (AGE-2) and glycolaldehyde-derived AGE (AGE-3) induce the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, B7.1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, the production of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the lymphocyte proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nicotine is reported to inhibit the activation of monocytes via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (alpha7-nAChR). In the present study, we found that nicotine inhibited the actions of AGE-2 and AGE-3. A nonselective and selective alpha7-nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine and alpha-bungarotoxin, reversed the inhibitory effects of nicotine, suggesting the involvement of alpha7-nAChR stimulation. Nicotine induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and cAMP in the presence and absence of AGE-2 and AGE-3. PGE(2) is known to activate the EP(2)/EP(4) receptor, increasing the cAMP level and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. The actions of nicotine were reversed in part by an EP(2)-receptor antagonist, AH6809, an EP(4)-receptor antagonist, AH23848, and a PKA inhibitor, N-[2-(p-bromocinnamyl-amino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89). These results indicate that the mechanism of action of nicotine may be partially via endogenous PGE(2) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kohka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Singelyn JM, DeQuach JA, Seif-Naraghi SB, Littlefield RB, Schup-Magoffin PJ, Christman KL. Naturally derived myocardial matrix as an injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5409-16. [PMID: 19608268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial tissue lacks the ability to significantly regenerate itself following a myocardial infarction, thus tissue engineering strategies are required for repair. Several injectable materials have been examined for cardiac tissue engineering; however, none have been designed specifically to mimic the myocardium. The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro properties and in vivo potential of an injectable myocardial matrix designed to mimic the natural myocardial extracellular environment. Porcine myocardial tissue was decellularized and processed to form a myocardial matrix with the ability to gel in vitro at 37 degrees C and in vivo upon injection into rat myocardium. The resulting myocardial matrix maintained a complex composition, including glycosaminoglycan content, and was able to self-assemble to form a nanofibrous structure. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were shown to migrate towards the myocardial matrix both in vitro and in vivo, with a significant increase in arteriole formation at 11 days post-injection. The matrix was also successfully pushed through a clinically used catheter, demonstrating its potential for minimally invasive therapy. Thus, we have demonstrated the initial feasibility and potential of a naturally derived myocardial matrix as an injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Singelyn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
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Patil AJ, Gramajo AL, Sharma A, Seigel GM, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Differential effects of nicotine on retinal and vascular cells in vitro. Toxicology 2009; 259:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cucina A, Fuso A, Coluccia P, Cavallaro A. Nicotine Inhibits Apoptosis and Stimulates Proliferation in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Through a Functional Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Surg Res 2008; 150:227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Sarafian T, Montes C, Harui A, Beedanagari SR, Kiertscher S, Stripecke R, Hossepian D, Kitchen C, Kern R, Belperio J, Roth MD. Clarifying CB2 receptor-dependent and independent effects of THC on human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 231:282-90. [PMID: 18556036 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Marijuana smoking is associated with a number of abnormal findings in the lungs of habitual smokers. Previous studies revealed that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) caused mitochondrial injury in primary lung epithelial cells and in the cell line, A549 [Sarafian, T. A., Kouyoumjian, S., Khoshaghideh, F., Tashkin, D. P., and Roth, M. D. (2003). Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts mitochondrial function and cell energetics. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284, L298-306; Sarafian, T., Habib, N., Mao, J. T., Tsu, I. H., Yamamoto, M. L., Hsu, E., Tashkin, D. P., and Roth, M. D. (2005). Gene expression changes in human small airway epithelial cells exposed to Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Toxicol Lett 158, 95-107]. The role of cannabinoid receptors in this injury was unclear, as was the potential impact on cell function. In order to investigate these questions, A549 cells were engineered to over-express the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) using a self-inactivating lentiviral vector. This transduction resulted in a 60-fold increase in CB2R mRNA relative to cells transduced with a control vector. Transduced cell lines were used to study the effects of THC on chemotactic activity and mitochondrial function. Chemotaxis in response to a 10% serum gradient was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by exposure to THC. CB2R-transduced cells exhibited less intrinsic chemotactic activity (p<0.05) and were 80- to 100-fold more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of THC. Studies using SR144528, a selective CB2R antagonist, verified that these effects were mediated by the CB2R. Marijuana smoke extract, but not smoke extracts from tobacco or placebo marijuana cigarettes, reproduced these effects (p<0.05). THC decreased ATP level and mitochondrial membrane potential (Psi(m)) in both control and CB2R-transduced cells. However, these decreases did not play a significant role in chemotaxis inhibition since cyclosporine A, which protected against ATP loss, did not increase cell migration. Moreover, CB2R-transduced cells displayed higher Psi(m) than did control cells. Since both Psi(m) and chemotaxis are regulated by intracellular signaling, we investigated the effects of THC on the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Serum exposure activated several signaling events of which phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha and JNK was regulated in a CB2R- and THC-dependent manner. We conclude that airway epithelial cells are sensitive to both CB2R-dependent and independent effects mediated by THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Sarafian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 37-131 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Cumiskey D, Curran BP, Herron CE, O'Connor JJ. A role for inflammatory mediators in the IL-18 mediated attenuation of LTP in the rat dentate gyrus. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1616-23. [PMID: 17459425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be elevated in several pathological conditions that are associated with deficits in cognition. We have previously demonstrated that interleukin-18 (IL-18) inhibits long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus in vitro. In this study we have examined the involvement of the inflammatory mediators COX-2 and iNOS in IL-18-mediated inhibition of LTP. The effect of an anti-inflammatory PPARgamma agonist was also investigated. We report that the impairment of LTP by IL-18 is significantly attenuated by prior application of the COX-2 inhibitor, SC-236 and the iNOS inhibitor 1400W. These agents had no effect on paired pulse depression in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, application of the PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone also attenuated IL-18-mediated inhibition of LTP. We discuss a role for p38 MAP kinase in these effects. This study provides novel evidence for the involvement of inflammatory mediators in IL-18-mediated inhibition of LTP in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cumiskey
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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40
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Kanda Y, Watanabe Y. Nicotine-induced vascular endothelial growth factor release via the EGFR-ERK pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2007; 80:1409-14. [PMID: 17286987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been firmly established as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) induced by growth factors have been proposed to play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nicotine, which is one of the important constituents of cigarette smoke, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release, in rat VSMC. The stimulation of cells with nicotine resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent release of VEGF. Hexamethonium, an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), inhibited nicotine-induced VEGF release. We next investigated the mechanisms by which nicotine induces VEGF release in the cells. The nicotine-induced VEGF release was inhibited by treatment with U0126, a selective inhibitor of MEK, which attenuated the nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation. Nicotine induced a transient phosphorylation of ERK. Furthermore, AG1478, a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase, inhibited nicotine-induced ERK phosphorylation and VEGF release. These data suggest that nicotine releases VEGF through nAChR in VSMC. Moreover, VEGF release induced by nicotine is mediated by an EGFR-ERK pathway in VSMC. VEGF may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases in cigarette smokers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- ErbB Receptors/drug effects
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/physiology
- Hexamethonium/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nicotine/pharmacology
- Nicotinic Agonists/pharmacology
- Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Quinazolines
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Kanda
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
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Sumpio BE, Cordova AC, Berke-Schlessel DW, Qin F, Chen QH. Green tea, the "Asian paradox," and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 202:813-25. [PMID: 16648021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bauer E Sumpio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8062, USA.
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42
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Gahring LC, Rogers SW. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression and function on nonneuronal cells. AAPS JOURNAL 2006; 7:E885-94. [PMID: 16594641 PMCID: PMC2750958 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Of the thousands of proven carcinogens and toxic agents contained within a cigarette, nicotine, while being the addictive agent, is often viewed as the least harmful of these compounds. Nicotine is a lipophilic molecule whose effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been primarily focused on its physiologic impact within the confines of the brain and peripheral nervous system. However, recently, many studies have found neuronal nAChRs to be expressed on many different nonneuronal cell types throughout the body, where increasing evidence suggests they have important roles in determining the consequences of nicotine use on multiple organs systems and diseases as diverse as ulcerative colitis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, and diabetes, as well as the neurologic disorders of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. This review highlights current evidence for the expression of peripheral nAChRs in cells other than neurons and how they participate in fundamental processes, such as inflammation. Understanding these processes may offer novel therapeutic strategies to approach inflammatory diseases, as well as precautions in the design of interventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorise C Gahring
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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Lau PP, Li L, Merched AJ, Zhang AL, Ko KWS, Chan L. Nicotine induces proinflammatory responses in macrophages and the aorta leading to acceleration of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 26:143-9. [PMID: 16254210 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000193510.19000.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the molecular mechanism of nicotine-accelerated atherosclerosis in a hyperlipidemic low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mice received time-release nicotine or placebo pellets for 90 days. Aortic lesion size was 2.5 times larger in nicotine-treated than in placebo-treated mice (P<0.001). A mild increase in lipids was seen in treated mice. We quantified 18 different serum cytokines and found a significant increase of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine in nicotine-treated mice. Among 107 nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) target genes screened from the aorta, we found that nicotine treatment upregulated only 4 atherogenic genes including vascular adhesion molecule 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 on day 60 and platelet-derived growth factor B and platelet 12-lipoxygenase on day 90. At the cellular level, nicotine induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Induction was confirmed in peritoneal macrophages isolated from nicotine-treated mice. Finally, we showed that preconditioned medium from nicotine-treated RAW264.7 cells activated NF-kappaB in human smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells as evidenced by nuclear localization and electromobility shift assay. CONCLUSIONS Chronic nicotine exposure augments atherosclerosis by enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, which, in turn, activate atherogenic NF-kappaB target genes in the aortic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Lau
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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