1
|
Zhang X, van der Vorst EPC. High-Density Lipoprotein Modifications: Causes and Functional Consequences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2024; 13:1113. [PMID: 38994965 PMCID: PMC11240616 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a group of small, dense, and protein-rich lipoproteins that play a role in cholesterol metabolism and various cellular processes. Decreased levels of HDL and HDL dysfunction are commonly observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is also associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation that develop in T2DM, HDL undergoes several post-translational modifications such as glycation, oxidation, and carbamylation, as well as other alterations in its lipid and protein composition. It is increasingly recognized that the generation of HDL modifications in T2DM seems to be the main cause of HDL dysfunction and may in turn influence the development and progression of T2DM and its related cardiovascular complications. This review provides a general introduction to HDL structure and function and summarizes the main modifications of HDL that occur in T2DM. Furthermore, the potential impact of HDL modifications on the pathogenesis of T2DM and CVD, based on the altered interactions between modified HDL and various cell types that are involved in glucose homeostasis and atherosclerotic plaque generation, will be discussed. In addition, some perspectives for future research regarding the T2DM-related HDL modifications are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amariuta T, Siewert-Rocks K, Price AL. Modeling tissue co-regulation estimates tissue-specific contributions to disease. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1503-1511. [PMID: 37580597 PMCID: PMC10904330 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Integrative analyses of genome-wide association studies and gene expression data have implicated many disease-critical tissues. However, co-regulation of genetic effects on gene expression across tissues impedes distinguishing biologically causal tissues from tagging tissues. In the present study, we introduce tissue co-regulation score regression (TCSC), which disentangles causal tissues from tagging tissues by regressing gene-disease association statistics (from transcriptome-wide association studies) on tissue co-regulation scores, reflecting correlations of predicted gene expression across genes and tissues. We applied TCSC to 78 diseases/traits (average n = 302,000) and gene expression prediction models for 48 GTEx tissues. TCSC identified 21 causal tissue-trait pairs at a 5% false discovery rate (FDR), including well-established findings, biologically plausible new findings (for example, aorta artery and glaucoma) and increased specificity of known tissue-trait associations (for example, subcutaneous adipose, but not visceral adipose, and high-density lipoprotein). TCSC also identified 17 causal tissue-trait covariance pairs at 5% FDR. In conclusion, TCSC is a precise method for distinguishing causal tissues from tagging tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Amariuta
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Katherine Siewert-Rocks
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong H, Wang J, Hu P, Lu N. Associations of apolipoproteinA1, high density lipoprotein cholesterol with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in Chinese adults with coronary artery disease. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108516. [PMID: 37276657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Scarce data explored the associations of apolipoproteins with hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. This study determined associations of serum apolipoproteinA1 (ApoA1) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with HGI and TyG index in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS A total of 10,803 CAD patients were included in this cross-sectional pilot study. Serum concentrations of ApoA1 and HDL-C were measured. Analyses of covariance were used to compare the mean differences in glucose metabolism indices (e.g., HGI, TyG index, hemoglobin glycation [HbA1c], fasting blood glucose [FBG]) among the quartiles of ApoA1, HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, higher ApoA1, HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio were associated with significantly lower HGI (Quartile [Q]4 vs. Q1: -0.032 % vs. 0.017 % for ApoA1; -0.072 % vs. 0.079 % for HDL-C; -0.083 % vs. 0.085 % for HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio). Intermediate ApoA1 level was inversely associated with TyG index (Q2 vs. Q1: 296.278 vs. 306.794). The mean TyG index were significantly decreased with increased HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio (Q4 vs. Q1: 298.584 vs. 309.221 for HDL-C; 300.405 vs. 315.218 for HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio). Moreover, the inverse associations of ApoA1, HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio with HbA1c and FBG also were observed. In path analysis, the associations of HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio with TyG index were mediated by obesity. CONCLUSION This study provided further support for the hypoglycemic effects of ApoA1 and HDL-C in patients with CAD. Replication of these findings is warranted in further longitudinal studies in different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Department of Child Healthcare and Scientific Education Section, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Psycho-Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gonçalves-Silva G, Vieira LGMDS, Cosenza-Contreras M, Souza AFP, Costa DC, Castro-Borges W. Profiling the serum proteome during Schistosoma mansoni infection in the BALB/c mice: A focus on the altered lipid metabolism as a key modulator of host-parasite interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955049. [PMID: 36119112 PMCID: PMC9471378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis represents a condition in which every aspect of the disease, starting from skin invasion of the cercariae to egg laying by adult worms, incites a tissue response from the vertebrate host. This response, whether acute or chronic, leads to the appearance of reporter molecules of tissue injury in bodily fluids that could be surveyed as markers for disease diagnosis, status and prognosis. In this scenario, the serum proteome associated with a schistosome infection remains poorly explored; particularly by the use of high-throughput mass spectrometric instrumentation. In this study, we aimed to comparatively examine the serum proteome of control versus infected BALB/c mice, spanning the interval between the onset of egg laying and the peak of the acute phase of infection. Compositional analysis of the sera, using one dimensional reversed-phase fractionation of tryptic peptides coupled to mass spectrometry, allowed identification of 453 constituents. Among these, over 30% (143 molecules) were differentially present comparing sera from infected and non-infected mice, as revealed by quantitative label-free shotgun approach. The majority of proteins exhibiting altered levels was categorised as belonging to immune response (acute phase-related proteins) followed by those linked to lipid transport and metabolism. Inspection of the lipid profile from control and infected individuals demonstrated more pronounced and significant alterations in triglycerides, VLDL and HDL fractions (p<0,001), attesting for a disturbance in circulating lipid molecules, and suggesting a key role in host-parasite interactions. Our findings provide a global view of the serum proteome in the context of experimental schistosomiasis during the acute phase of infection. It contributes by listing key molecules that could be monitored to inform on the associated inflammatory disease status. We hope it will shed light into uncovered aspects of the Schistosoma mansoni parasitism in the vertebrate host, particularly those related to modulation of the lipid metabolism mediating immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gonçalves-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Cosenza-Contreras
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg/Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Flávia Pinho Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Wiliam Castro-Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Wiliam Castro-Borges,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zocchi M, Della Porta M, Lombardoni F, Scrimieri R, Zuccotti GV, Maier JA, Cazzola R. A Potential Interplay between HDLs and Adiponectin in Promoting Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061344. [PMID: 35740366 PMCID: PMC9220412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic public health problem that has progressively worsened in recent decades and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) in metabolic tissues and an increased risk of several diseases. In particular, LGCI alters metabolism and increases cardiovascular risk by impairing endothelial function and altering the functions of adiponectin and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Adiponectin is an adipokine involved in regulating energy metabolism and body composition. Serum adiponectin levels are reduced in obese individuals and negatively correlate with chronic sub-clinical inflammatory markers. HDLs are a heterogeneous and complex class of lipoproteins that can be dysfunctional in obesity. Adiponectin and HDLs are strictly interdependent, and the maintenance of their interplay is essential for vascular function. Since such a complex network of interactions is still overlooked in clinical settings, this review aims to highlight the mechanisms involved in the impairment of the HDLs/adiponectin axis in obese patients to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases and activate preventive countermeasures. Here, we provide a narrative review of the role of LGCI in altering HDLs, adiponectin and endothelial functions in obesity to encourage new studies about their synergic effects on cardiovascular health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Federico Lombardoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Scrimieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Hu X, Chang J, Chen J, Han X, Zhang T, Shen J, Shang N, Han J, Wang H, Kang W, Meng F. The liver steatosis severity and lipid characteristics in primary biliary cholangitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:395. [PMID: 34686147 PMCID: PMC8532358 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) often have comorbid dyslipidemia, and determining the degree of hepatic steatosis can help predict the risk of cardiovascular events in PBC patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the characteristics of lipid distribution and the degree of hepatic steatosis in PBC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 479 cases of PBC, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and healthy subjects (Normal) diagnosed by liver biopsy or definitive clinical diagnosis. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values were applied to assess the degree of steatosis of the liver, and lipid levels were also compared in the five cohorts. Results We found that among the five groups of subjects, the PBC group had the lowest CAP values (P < 0.001), and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the PBC group was higher than normal, CHC and CHB group (P = 0.004, P = 0.033, P < 0.001, respectively).In the multivariate linear analysis, only BMI (β = 1.280, P = 0.028), ALP (β = − 0.064, P = 0.012), TBA (β = − 0.126, P = 0.020), TG (β = 12.520, P = 0.000), HDL-C (β = − 11.338, P = 0.001) and LDL-C (β = 7.012, P = 0.002) were independent predictors of CAP. Conclusions Among PBC, CHB, CHC, NAFLD and healthy subjects, PBC had the lowest degree of hepatic steatosis and higher HDL-C levels, all of which were found to be protective factors against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk and would provide a valuable reference for the risk of developing cardiovascular events in PBC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01974-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Capital Medical University, No 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Capital Medical University, No 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hepatology Immunology Department, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Capital Medical University, No 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tieying Zhang
- Capital Medical University, No 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Function Diagnosis Department, Handan Infectious Disease Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Ning Shang
- Function Diagnosis Department, Handan Infectious Disease Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Jing Han
- Capital Medical University, No 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Infection Center Department, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Kang
- Hepatology and Nephrology Department, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fankun Meng
- Capital Medical University, No 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sattarinezhad A, Rasekhi Kazerouni A, Omrani GR, Shams M. Determinants of serum adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:321-324. [PMID: 33787190 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review non-surgical prevention strategies in women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes. CONTENT Women with a gBRCA1 or 2 mutations face a high cumulative breast and ovarian cancer risk. While bilateral mastectomy (PBM) and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (PBSO) profoundly reduce the respective cancer risks, they are also associated with considerable side effects. There is therefore an urgent need for alternative and non-surgical risk reduction options. Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors have both been evaluated in secondary prevention, but their benefit in primary prevention is currently unknown in BRCA mutation carriers. In addition, their use is compromised by their side effect profile which makes them less appealing for a use in chemoprevention. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Denosumab is a well-tolerated osteoprotective drug, which has been demonstrated to have a potential preventive effect particularly in BRCA1-deficient models in vitro. The prospectively randomized double-blind BRCA-P trial is currently investigating the preventative effect of denosumab in healthy BRCA1 germ line mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sattarinezhad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mutual effect modification between adiponectin and HDL as risk factors of cardiovascular events in Type 2 diabetes individuals: a cohort study. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2583-2591. [PMID: 33674951 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol modifies the association between adiponectin and incident cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and vice versa. METHODS At baseline, 106 T2DM participants with various degrees of renal function were enrolled and followed up over a period of 7 years with fatal/nonfatal CV events as outcome. RESULTS During the follow-up, 49 participants experienced incident CV events (28 fatal, 21 nonfatal). On univariate Fine and Gray sub-hazard models, HDL cholesterol was a strong modifier of the association between adiponectin and CV outcomes both on crude (P = 0.011) and gender- and eGFR-adjusted models (P = 0.010). The protective effect for CV events portended by a fixed increase in adiponectin (1 μg/ml) was progressively higher across increasing values of HDL cholesterol. Moreover, plasma adiponectin also modified the protective effect of HDL on CV outcomes both in crude and multivariate analyses. We found a mutual effect modification between adiponectin and HDL as risk factors of CV events in participants with T2DM. CONCLUSION Our results are coherent with the hypothesis that HDL cholesterol might play a pivotal role in the interpretation of the association between adiponectin and the risk of adverse CV outcomes in this population.
Collapse
|
9
|
Salazar-Tortosa DF, Pascual-Gamarra JM, Labayen I, Rupérez AI, Censi L, Béghin L, Michels N, González-Gross M, Manios Y, Lambrinou CP, Moreno LA, Meirhaeghe A, Castillo MJ, Ruiz JR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1971-1979. [PMID: 32890273 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible of 31% of all deaths worldwide. Genetic predisposition to CVDs in adolescents remains largely unknown. Aims of present research are to examine the association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents. METHODS A total of 14 polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene were genotyped in 1057 European adolescents (12-18 years old) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study. We measured serum lipids and a CVD risk score, along with weight, height, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness, leptin, insulin and other markers of glucose regulation. RESULTS The rs822393, rs822395 and rs7649121 polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene were significantly associated with several CVD risk factors [i.e. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, SBP and CVD risk score] in European adolescents. We also found an association of the TGAAGT ADIPOQ haplotype (rs822393, rs16861210, rs822395, rs822396, rs12495941 and rs7649121) with HDL-C and ApoA1 levels. CONCLUSION Several individual polymorphisms (rs822393, rs822395 and rs7649121) and a haplotype of ADIPOQ gene were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Salazar-Tortosa
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences
| | - Jose M Pascual-Gamarra
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Laurent Béghin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403 - Clinique Investigation Center and U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang M, Li D, Piao J, Li J, Sun H, Chen L, Chen S, Pi J, Zhang R, Chen R, Leng S, Chen W, Zheng Y. Real-ambient exposure to air pollution exaggerates excessive growth of adipose tissue modulated by Nrf2 signal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138652. [PMID: 32416500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was becoming a global threat to the public health, which was primarily mediated by PM2.5 induced cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases. Recently, observational epidemiologic studies proposed the link between PM2.5 and obesity. Consistently, the link was also supported by limited animal researches. However, the potential mechanism mediating the harmful effects of PM2.5 was still elusive. In this study, we applied the "real-ambient exposure" system to conduct the experiments, which was closer to the status of ambient air pollution compared with the method of intratracheal instillation and concentrated air particles (CAPs) exposure system. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was previously reported to protect against inflammation and oxidative stress when exposed to PM2.5. Here, we reported that Nrf2-/- mice developed overgrowth of adipose tissue after "real-ambient exposure" to PM2.5, compared to filtered air (FA) group. Consistently, compared to FA group, adipocytes from subcutaneous (sWAT) and gonadal (gWAT) white adipose tissue of Nrf2-/- mice exhibited enlarged cell size in PM2.5 exposure group. Furthermore, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also altered statistically in PM2.5 exposure group. Importantly, when the expression of lipogenic enzymes was analyzed, the levels of the related specific genes in adipose tissue and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were altered in PM2.5 exposure group. Interestingly, the key transcription factors modulating expression of lipogenic enzymes in liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also found altered in PM2.5 exposure group, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα, PPARγ). Taken together, our study mimicked the status of ambient air pollution, revealed new insights into the adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure, provided new link between air pollution and overgrowth of adipose tissue, and supported the vital role of Nrf2 in mediating the side effects of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Piao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao S, Zhang J, Zhan Y, Shi Y, Yu Y, Zheng L, Xu N, Luo G. Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein M Knockout Mice is Mediated by the Protein Kinase Akt Signaling Pathway. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:771-780. [PMID: 31702495 PMCID: PMC7360917 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191023125820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have suggested that apolipoprotein M (apoM) is involved in glucose metabolism and plays a causative role in insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE The potential mechanism of apoM on modulating glucose homeostasis is explored and differentially expressed genes are analyzed by employing ApoM deficient (ApoM-/- ) and wild type (WT) mice. METHODS The metabolism of glucose in the hepatic tissues of high-fat diet ApoM-/- and WT mice was measured by a glycomics approach. Bioinformatic analysis was applied for analyzing the levels of differentially expressed mRNAs in the liver tissues of these mice. The insulin sensitivity of ApoM-/- and WT mice was compared using the insulin tolerance test and the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase Akt (AKT) and insulin stimulation in different tissues were examined by Western blot. RESULTS The majority of the hepatic glucose metabolites exhibited lower concentration levels in the ApoM-/- mice compared with those of the WT mice. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that ApoM deficiency affected the genes associated with the metabolism of glucose. The insulin tolerance test suggested that insulin sensitivity was impaired in ApoM-/- mice. The phosphorylation levels of AKT in muscle and adipose tissues of ApoM-/- mice were significantly diminished in response to insulin stimulation compared with those noted in WT mice. CONCLUSION ApoM deficiency led to the disorders of glucose metabolism and altered genes related to glucose metabolism in mice liver. In vivo data indicated that apoM might augment insulin sensitivity by AKT-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Xu
- Address correspondence to these two authors at the Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China; Tel: +86-0519-68870619; E-mail: , and the Section of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden; E-mail:
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Address correspondence to these two authors at the Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China; Tel: +86-0519-68870619; E-mail: , and the Section of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang T, Chen J, Tang X, Luo Q, Xu D, Yu B. Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:223. [PMID: 31842884 PMCID: PMC6913018 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Retnakaran R, Ye C, Connelly PW, Hanley AJ, Sermer M, Zinman B. Serum apoA1 (Apolipoprotein A-1), Insulin Resistance, and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Human Pregnancy-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2192-2197. [PMID: 31412738 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE apoA1 (apolipoprotein A-1) is the main lipoprotein associated with HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. It was recently reported that intravenous infusion of apoA1 could lower insulin resistance in pregnant rats, leading to the suggestion that apoA1 could provide a target for reducing pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in humans. However, the effects of apoA1 on insulin resistance and risk of GDM in human pregnancy are not known. Thus, we sought to systematically evaluate the relationships of apoA1 with glucose homeostasis and metabolic function in pregnant women. Approach and Results: In this study, 870 pregnant women were recruited in late second trimester and underwent metabolic characterization, including an oral glucose tolerance test on which 214 were diagnosed with GDM. Metabolic characterization included assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity/resistance (Matsuda index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), pancreatic β-cell function, lipids (LDL [low-density lipoprotein] cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB [apolipoprotein B], and apoA1), CRP (C-reactive protein), and adiponectin. Serum apoA1 was strongly correlated with HDL (r=0.79, P<0.0001) and weakly so with adiponectin (r=0.12, P=0.0004) but showed no association with measures of insulin sensitivity/resistance, β-cell function, glycemia, or CRP. There were no significant differences across apoA1 tertiles in mean adjusted Matsuda index (P=0.24), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P=0.08), or area under the glucose curve on the oral glucose tolerance test (P=0.96). Moreover, there were no differences in risk of GDM across tertiles of apoA1, both before (P=0.67) and after covariate adjustment (P=0.78). CONCLUSIONS Serum apoA1 is not associated with insulin resistance or the risk of GDM in human pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Retnakaran
- From the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (R.R., C.Y., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology (R.R., P.W.C., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chang Ye
- From the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (R.R., C.Y., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Division of Endocrinology (R.R., P.W.C., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (P.W.C.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (P.W.C.)
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- From the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (R.R., C.Y., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Mathew Sermer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.S.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- From the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes (R.R., C.Y., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., A.J.H., B.Z.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology (R.R., P.W.C., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu BJ, Sun Y, Ong KL, Li Y, Tang S, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Apolipoprotein A-I Protects Against Pregnancy-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1160-1171. [PMID: 31018664 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Insulin resistance and inflammation in pregnancy are risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Increased plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and apo (apolipoprotein) A-I levels have been reported to improve glucose metabolism and inhibit inflammation in animals and humans. This study asks whether increasing plasma apoA-I levels improves insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammation in insulin-resistant pregnant rats. Approach and Results- Insulin-resistant pregnant rats received intravenous infusions of lipid-free apoA-I (8 mg/kg) or saline on days 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 of pregnancy. The rats were then subjected to a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Glucose uptake was increased in white and brown adipose tissue by 57±13% and 32±10%, respectively ( P<0.05 for both), and in quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle by 35±9.7% and 47±14%, respectively ( P<0.05 for both), in the apoA-I-treated pregnant rats relative to saline-infused pregnant rats. The pregnant rats that were treated with apoA-I also had reduced plasma TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) levels by 57±8.4%, plasma IL (interleukin)-6 levels by 67±9.5%, and adipose tissue macrophage content by 54±8.2% ( P<0.05 for all) relative to the saline-treated pregnant rats. Conclusions- These studies establish that apoA-I protects against pregnancy-induced insulin resistance in rats by increasing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and inhibiting inflammation. This identifies apoA-I as a potential target for preventing pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and reducing the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Wu
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Yidan Sun
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria (Y.S.)
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Yue Li
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Shudi Tang
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Philip J Barter
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effective Treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure with Reconstituted HDL (Milano) in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061273. [PMID: 30871282 PMCID: PMC6470758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of heart failure (HF) is prominently increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study were to establish a murine model of diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by feeding a high-sugar/high-fat (HSHF) diet and to evaluate the effect of reconstituted HDLMilano administration on established HF in this model. The HSHF diet was initiated at the age of 12 weeks and continued for 16 weeks. To investigate the effect of reconstituted HDLMilano on HF, eight intraperitoneal administrations of MDCO-216 (100 mg/kg protein concentration) or of an identical volume of control buffer were executed with a 48-h interval starting at the age of 28 weeks. The HSHF diet-induced obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was present in HSHF diet mice as evidenced by cardiac hypertrophy, increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and decreased myocardial capillary density. Pressure-volume loop analysis indicated the presence of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction and of decreased cardiac output in HSHF diet mice. Treatment with MDCO-216 reversed pathological remodelling and cardiac dysfunction and normalized wet lung weight, indicating effective treatment of HF. No effect of control buffer injection was observed. In conclusion, reconstituted HDLMilano reverses HF in type 2 diabetic mice.
Collapse
|
16
|
Beneficial Effects of Adiponectin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Progression: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051190. [PMID: 30857216 PMCID: PMC6429491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating adiponectin concentrations are reduced in obese individuals, and this reduction has been proposed to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We focus on the effects of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism and on the molecular anti-atherosclerotic properties of adiponectin and also discuss the factors that increase the circulating levels of adiponectin. Adiponectin reduces inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which leads to an improvement of insulin resistance. Adiponectin-induced improvement of insulin resistance and adiponectin itself reduce hepatic glucose production and increase the utilization of glucose and fatty acids by skeletal muscles, lowering blood glucose levels. Adiponectin has also β cell protective effects and may prevent the development of diabetes. Adiponectin concentration has been found to be correlated with lipoprotein metabolism; especially, it is associated with the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG). Adiponectin appears to increase HDL and decrease TG. Adiponectin increases ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and decreases hepatic lipase, which may elevate HDL. Increased LPL mass/activity and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor and reduced apo-CIII may increase VLDL catabolism and result in the reduction of serum TG. Further, adiponectin has various molecular anti-atherosclerotic properties, such as reduction of scavenger receptors in macrophages and increase of cholesterol efflux. These findings suggest that high levels of circulating adiponectin can protect against atherosclerosis. Weight loss, exercise, nutritional factors, anti-diabetic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and anti-hypertensive drugs have been associated with an increase of serum adiponectin level.
Collapse
|
17
|
Miteva K, Madonna R, De Caterina R, Van Linthout S. Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 107:S1537-1891(17)30464-0. [PMID: 29684642 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the large and medium-size arteries characterized by the subendothelial accumulation of cholesterol, immune cells, and extracellular matrix. At the early onset of atherogenesis, endothelial dysfunction takes place. Atherogenesis is further triggered by the accumulation of cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoproteins, which acquire properties of damage-associated molecular patterns and thereby trigger an inflammatory response. Following activation of the innate immune response, mainly governed by monocytes and macrophages, the adaptive immune response is started which further promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation. In this review, an overview is given describing the role of damage-associated molecular patterns, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and innate and adaptive immune cells in the atherogenesis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapka Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Femlak M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Rysz J. The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:207. [PMID: 29084567 PMCID: PMC5663054 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem which prevalence is constantly raising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Both diabetes mellitus types (DMT1 and DMT2) are associated with high risk of developing chronic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. METHODS This is a review of available articles concerning HDL subfractions profile in diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. In this review, HDL dysfunction in diabetes, the impact of HDL alterations on the risk diabetes development as well as the association between disturbed HDL particle in DM and cardiovascular risk is discussed. RESULTS Changes in the amount of circulation lipids, including triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as the HDL are frequent also in the course of DMT1 and DMT2. In normal state HDL exerts various antiatherogenic properties, including reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, it has been suggested that in pathological state HDL becomes "dysfunctional" which means that relative composition of lipids and proteins in HDL, as well as enzymatic activities associated to HDL, such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 11 (Lp-PLA2) are altered. HDL properties are compromised in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), due to oxidative modification and glycation of the HDL protein as well as the transformation of the HDL proteome into a proinflammatory protein. Numerous studies confirm that the ability of HDL to suppress inflammatory signals is significantly reduced in this group of patients. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remains to be unravelled in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of pathological mechanisms underlying HDL dysfunction may enable the development of therapies targeted at specific subpopulations and focusing at the diminishing of cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Femlak
- 105 Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Żary, Domańskiego 2, 68-200, Żary, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM Teaching Hospital of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland.
| | | | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maser RE, Lenhard MJ, Pohlig RT, Balagopal PB. Pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase mass as a potential mediator in the association between adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol in type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 7:7-11. [PMID: 29067244 PMCID: PMC5651302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a major enzyme in lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia, characterized by decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is prevalent in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-heparin LPL mass mediates the association between adiponectin and HDL-C in individuals with T2DM. METHODS Pre-heparin LPL mass was measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, adiponectin by radioimmunoassay, and HDL-C was determined enzymatically. Participants' (n = 50) demographics, HbA1c, adiposity, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum creatinine, and lipids were measured. Path analysis was utilized to test whether pre-heparin LPL mass is a mediator in the relationship between adiponectin and HDL-C. RESULTS All four criteria for mediation were satisfied in the path analysis. The indirect effect of adiponectin on HDL-C through pre-heparin LPL mass was significant, p = 0.001, whereas the direct effect of adiponectin on HDL-C was not significant, p = 0.074. These results remained consistent even after adjustments for age, gender, body mass index, HOMA-IR, and serum creatinine in the model. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that pre-heparin LPL mass may mediate the association between adiponectin and HDL-C in T2DM. This relationship for measures of HDL-C functionality requires future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raelene E Maser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - M James Lenhard
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA.,Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Center, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE 19801, USA
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research & Analysis Laboratory, Nemours Children's Specialty Care & Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the intention to summarize the currently available evidence on the pathophysiological relevance of inflammation in heart failure, this review addresses the question whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of heart failure, or both. RECENT FINDINGS This review discusses the diversity (sterile, para-inflammation, chronic inflammation) and sources of inflammation and gives an overview of how inflammation (local versus systemic) can trigger heart failure. On the other hand, the review is outlined how heart failure-associated wall stress and signals released by stressed, malfunctioning, or dead cells (DAMPs: e.g., mitochondrial DNA, ATP, S100A8, matricellular proteins) induce cardiac sterile inflammation and how heart failure provokes inflammation in various peripheral tissues in a direct (inflammatory) and indirect (hemodynamic) manner. The crosstalk between the heart and peripheral organs (bone marrow, spleen, gut, adipose tissue) is outlined and the importance of neurohormonal mechanisms including the renin angiotensin aldosteron system and the ß-adrenergic nervous system in inflammation and heart failure is discussed. Inflammation and heart failure are strongly interconnected and mutually reinforce each other. This indicates the difficulty to counteract inflammation and heart failure once this chronic vicious circle has started and points out the need to control the inflammatory process at an early stage avoiding chronic inflammation and heart failure. The diversity of inflammation further addresses the need for a tailored characterization of inflammation enabling differentiation of inflammation and subsequent target-specific strategies. It is expected that the characterization of the systemic and/or cardiac immune profile will be part of precision medicine in the future of cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee DY, Kim JH, Park SE, Park CY, Oh KW, Park SW, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Effects of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Coronary Artery Calcification Progression According to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:284-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
22
|
Zemlin AE, Matsha TE, Kengne AP, Hon G, Erasmus RT. High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Levels are Neither Influenced by Adiponectin Polymorphisms Nor Associated with Insulin Resistance in Mixed-ancestry Hyperglycemic Subjects from South Africa. J Med Biochem 2016; 35:416-427. [PMID: 28670194 PMCID: PMC5471637 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin has antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties and these effects have been linked to its effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene influence adiponectin levels. We examined the relationship between HMW-adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic traits in normo- and hyperglycemic mixed ancestry South Africans and correlated these levels to two common polymorphisms. Methods HMW-adiponectin was determined in 101 subjects from the Cape Town Bellville South community-based study on a mixed ancestry population. Comparisons were made between individuals with normo- and hyperglycemia. Two common SNPs, ADIPOQ SNPs rs17300539 and rs266729, known to affect adiponectin levels were also tested for. Levels of HMW-adiponectin were then correlated with cardiometabolic traits in all groups. Results Levels of HMW-adiponectin were not significantly different in the normo- and hyperglycemic groups (median 11.6 vs. 10.5 μg/mL, p=0.3060) and in men and women (8.44 vs. 11.34 μg/mL, p=0.67). ADIPOQ SNPs rs17300539 and rs266729 did not influence levels of HMW-adiponectin. Robust correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between HMW-adiponectin and HDL-c (r=0.45; 95%CI: 0.27–0.59), similarly in normo- and hyperglycemic participants (p > 0.99). This association was substantially attenuated in robust linear regressions adjusted for age, gender and adiposity. Conclusions Adiponectin levels in this population were not determined by the commonest SNPs of the adiponectin gene, were unaffected by glycemic status; but were significantly correlated with HDL-c levels. Previous studies have attributed some of the beneficial effects of adiponectin to its effect on HDL-c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalise E Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- (AEZ)
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town and University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gloudina Hon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of Stellenbosch PO Box 19113, Tygerberg 7505 South Africa e-mail: (RTE)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Goldberg RB, Temprosa M, Mele L, Orchard T, Mather K, Bray G, Horton E, Kitabchi A, Krakoff J, Marcovina S, Perreault L, White N. Change in adiponectin explains most of the change in HDL particles induced by lifestyle intervention but not metformin treatment in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Metabolism 2016; 65:764-775. [PMID: 27085783 PMCID: PMC5122461 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In addition to slowing diabetes development among participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), intensive lifestyle change and metformin raised HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to placebo treatment. We investigated the lifestyle and metabolic determinants as well as effects of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and coagulation and their changes resulting from lifestyle and metformin interventions on the increase in HDL-C in the DPP. METHODS The effects of a 1year period of intensive lifestyle change aimed at achieving 7% weight loss or metformin 850mg twice daily versus placebo on HDL-C were assessed in 3070 participants with impaired glucose tolerance, and on HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and size in a subgroup of 1645 individuals. Treatment-associated changes in lifestyle and metabolic factors as well as in novel biomarkers were investigated for their associations with change in HDL-C using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for BMI, insulin resistance, glycemia, dietary saturated fat, alcohol intake, physical activity and nine different biomarkers, only adiponectin accounted for the effect of intensive lifestyle change on HDL-C via an increase in large HDL-P. By contrast baseline and change in BMI and tissue plasminogen activator levels attenuated the effect of metformin on HDL-C, with adiponectin having no specific effect. CONCLUSION While both lifestyle and metformin interventions used to prevent diabetes increase HDL-C, the mechanisms involved differ between the two treatments and may have consequences for future risk of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Goldberg
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 2054, Miami, FL, 33136.
| | - Marinella Temprosa
- The George Washington University, Biostatistics Center, 6110 Executive Blvd, Suite 750, Rockville, MD, 20852
| | - Lisa Mele
- The George Washington University, Biostatistics Center, 6110 Executive Blvd, Suite 750, Rockville, MD, 20852
| | - Trevor Orchard
- University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Kieren Mather
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 541 Clinical Drive CL 365, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - George Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Edward Horton
- Section on Clinical, Behavioral & Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Abbas Kitabchi
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave Suite 300A, Memphis, TN, 38163
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014
| | - Santica Marcovina
- University of Washington, Northwest Lipid Research Labs, 401 Queen Anne Avenue, North Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Leigh Perreault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Neil White
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sultana A, Cochran BJ, Tabet F, Patel M, Torres LC, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by apolipoprotein A-I. FASEB J 2016; 30:2324-35. [PMID: 26965683 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways links obesity with metabolic disorders. TLR4-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB are 2 such pathways implicated in obesity-induced inflammation. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes by effluxing cholesterol from the cells via the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). It is not known if these effects involve inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways by apoA-I. This study asks if apoA-I inhibits activation of MAPKs and NF-κB in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether this inhibition is ABCA1 dependent. Incubation of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with apoA-I decreased cell surface expression of TLR4 by 16 ± 2% and synthesis of the TLR4 adaptor protein, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, by 24 ± 4% in an ABCA1-dependent manner. ApoA-I also inhibited downstream activation of MAPKs, such as ERK, p38MAPK, and JNK, as well as expression of proinflammatory adipokines in bacterial LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in an ABCA1-dependent manner. ApoA-I, by contrast, suppressed nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by 30 ± 3% in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in an ABCA1-independent manner. In conclusion, apoA-I inhibits TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways in adipocytes by preventing MAPK and NF-κB activation.-Sultana, A., Cochran, B. J., Tabet, F., Patel, M., Cuesta Torres, L., Barter, P. J., Rye, K.-A. Inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by apolipoprotein A-I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Sultana
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Mili Patel
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Luisa Cuesta Torres
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Philip J Barter
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang S, Peng DQ, Yi Y. The unsolved mystery of apoA-I recycling in adipocyte. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:35. [PMID: 26911989 PMCID: PMC4765186 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major storage site for triglycerides and free cholesterol, adipose tissue plays a central role in energy metabolism. ApoA-I is the main constituent of HDL and plays an important role in removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Recently, multiple studies have shown beneficial effects of apoA-I on adipose metabolism and function. ApoA-I was reported to improve insulin sensitivity and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect in animal studies. Interestingly, Uptake and resecretion of apoA-I by adipocytes has been detected. However, the significance of apoA-I recycling by adipocytes is still not clear. This article reviewed methods used to study cellular recycling of apoA-I and summarized the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in apoA-I uptake by adipocytes. Since the main function of apoA-I is to mediate reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues, the role of apoA-I internalization and re-secretion by adipocytes in intracellular cholesterol transport under physiological and pathological conditions were discussed. In addition, findings on the correlation between apoA-I recycling and obesity were discussed. Finally, it was proposed that during intracellular transport, apoA-I-protein complex may acquire cargoes other than lipids and deliver regulatory information when they were resecreted into the plasma. Although apoA-I recycling by adipocytes is still an unsolved mystery, it's likely that it is more than a redundant pathway especially under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dao-quan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuhong Yi
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dalla-Riva J, Lagerstedt JO, Petrlova J. Structural and Functional Analysis of the ApolipoproteinA-I A164S Variant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143915. [PMID: 26605794 PMCID: PMC4659549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the main protein involved in the formation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), it is the principal mediator of the reverse cholesterol transfer (RCT) pathway and provides cardio-protection. In addition to functional wild-type apoA-I, several variants have been shown to associate with hereditary amyloidosis. In this study we have performed biophysical and biochemical analyses of the structure and functional properties of the A164S variant of apoA-I (1:500 in the Danish general population), which is the first known mutation of apoA-I that leads to an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction and mortality without associated low HDL cholesterol levels. Despite the fact that epidemiologically IHD is associated with low plasma levels of HDL, the A164S mutation is linked to normal plasma levels of lipids, HDL and apoA-I, suggesting impaired functionality of this variant. Using biophysical techniques (e.g., circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron microscopy) to determine secondary structure, stability and pro-amyloidogenic property of the lipid free A164S apoA-I variant, our observations suggest similarity in structural properties between apoA-I WT and apoA-I A164S. However, the A164S apoA-I variant exhibits lower binding affinity to lipids but forms similar sized HDL particles to those produced by WT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Spillmann F, Trimpert C, Peng J, Eckerle LG, Staudt A, Warstat K, Felix SB, Pieske B, Tschöpe C, Van Linthout S. High-density lipoproteins reduce palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in an AMPK-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:272-7. [PMID: 26362182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Palmitate has been implicated in the induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis via reducing the activity of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We sought to evaluate whether high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), known for their cardioprotective features and their potential to increase AMPK activity, can reduce palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and whether this effect is AMPK-dependent. Therefore, cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult Wistar rat hearts via perfusion on a Langendorff-apparatus and cultured in free fatty acid-free BSA control medium or 0.5 mM palmitate medium in the presence or absence of HDL (5 μg protein/ml) with or without 0.1 μM of the AMPK-inhibitor compound S for the analysis of Annexin V/propidium, genes involved in apoptosis and fatty acid oxidation, and cardiomyocyte contractility. We found that HDLs decreased palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis as indicated by a reduction in Annexin V-positive cardiomyocytes and an increase in Bcl-2 versus Bax ratio. Concomitantly, HDLs increased the palmitate-impaired expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, HDLs improved the palmitate-impaired cardiomyocyte contractility. All effects were mediated in an AMPK-dependent manner, concluding that HDLs reduce palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, resulting in improved cardiomyocyte contractility through a mechanism involving AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Spillmann
- Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Trimpert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jun Peng
- Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars G Eckerle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Staudt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Warstat
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Standort Greifswald, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Standort Berlin/Charité, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Standort Berlin/Charité, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Standort Berlin/Charité, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Calderon RM, Diaz S, Szeto A, Llinas JA, Hughes TA, Mendez AJ, Goldberg RB. Elevated Lipoprotein Lipase Activity Does Not Account for the Association Between Adiponectin and HDL in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2581-8. [PMID: 25942477 PMCID: PMC8210875 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is common in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated both with hyperadiponectinemia and with elevated lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). Because adiponectin has been shown to increase LPL expression, elevated LPL may link the hyperadiponectinemia in T1D with increased HDL. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether LPL activity accounts for the association between adiponectin and HDL in T1D. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND SETTING A cohort of 127 patients with T1D attending the Diabetes Clinic at the University of Miami and 103 healthy control subjects were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE HDL-C and adiponectin were measured in the full cohort and in a subgroup, HDL subfractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation, and LPL and hepatic lipase were measured in postheparin plasma. RESULTS Total HDL-C and the lowest density HDL subfraction, apolipoprotein A-I, LPL activity, and adiponectin levels were higher in subjects with T1D than in control subjects (P < .05). Both adiponectin and LPL activity were directly associated with total HDL-C and its lowest density subfraction, but adiponectin and LPL were not correlated (P = 0.13). Adiponectin alone explained 11.6% and adiponectin plus LPL explained 23.8% of the HDL-C variance. In a multivariate model, adiponectin remained an independent predictor of HDL-C along with LPL and serum creatinine, explaining together 27% of HDL-C variance. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin was strongly associated with HDL-C in T1D, suggesting that hyperadiponectinemia is linked to the elevated HDL-C in this population. However, this relationship is independent of the association between LPL and HDL-C. Thus, elevated adiponectin and LPL activity are independently related to increased HDL-C in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana M Calderon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| | - Sylvia Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| | - Angela Szeto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| | - Jose A Llinas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| | - Thomas A Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| | - Ronald B Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (R.M.C., S.D., J.A.L., A.J.M., R.B.G.) and Diabetes Research Institute (A.S., A.J.M., R.B.G.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; and Health Science Center (T.A.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 37996
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kabel AM, Abd Elmaaboud MA, Albarraq AA. Ameliorative potential of omega 3 fatty acids and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on experimentally-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:1-9. [PMID: 25541279 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has a relation to obesity. It may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, the therapeutic options are limited due to complex pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin and omega 3 fatty acids on experimentally-induced NASH. Sixty male albino rats were divided into 6 equal groups; control group, high fat emulsion/sucrose (HFE/S) diet, HFE/S+carboxymethyl cellulose, HFE/S +Atorvastatin, HFE/S+Fish oil and HFE/S+Atorvastatin+Fish oil. Serum alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were measured. Also, hepatic TC, TG, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were determined. Liver sections were examined histopathologically. Atorvastatin improved lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress but did not improve insulin resistance, hepatic TGF-β1 or body weight while fish oil improved lipid profile, decreased inflammation and oxidative stress, improved insulin resistance, hepatic TGF-β1 and body weight compared to HFE/S group. Atorvastatin/fish oil combination produced significant improvement in the lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hepatic TGF-β1 and body weight compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. This might be attributed to the effect of fish oil on the lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance and TGF-β1 which potentiates the effect of atorvastatin on NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed A Albarraq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 16:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(14)70002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
31
|
Cheng KH, Hsi E, Liu CC, Huang CN, Lee YC, Chu CS, Bao BY, Chang CF, Huang SP, Kuo PL, Lai WT. The Associations of Novel Vitamin D3 Metabolic Gene CYP27A1 Polymorphism, Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio, and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Taiwanese Males. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:658151. [PMID: 25628655 PMCID: PMC4299789 DOI: 10.1155/2015/658151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) confers increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both vitamin D3 and adipocytokines (especially adiponectin and leptin) have a great impact on CVD and MetS. In vitamin D3 metabolism, the vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) are two key enzymes. This study aimed to examine the influence of vitamin D3 CYP27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on adipocytokines and MetS. Cross-sectional data and DNA samples were collected from male volunteers (n = 649, age: 55.7 ± 4.7 years). Two tagging SNPs, CYP27A1 rs4674344 and CYP27B1 rs10877012, were selected from the HapMap project. MetS was significantly associated with the CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP (P = 0.04) and the ratio of adiponectin/leptin (A/L ratio) was most correlated to the CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP, appearing to be significantly lower in T-carriers than in AA subjects (3.7 ± 4.0 versus 5.1 ± 6.0, P = 0.001) and significantly negatively associated after adjustment. For each MetS component associated with the CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP, the A/L ratios were significantly negative in preclinical stage (condition not meeting the individual criteria), except the blood pressure. In conclusion, CYP27A1 rs4674344 SNP, A/L ratio, and MetS are significantly associated and T-carriers might have a higher risk of developing MetS due to low A/L ratios in the preclinical stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fen Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- *Shu-Pin Huang: and
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- *Wen-Ter Lai:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vollenweider P, von Eckardstein A, Widmann C. HDLs, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:405-21. [PMID: 25522996 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide and reaching epidemic proportions. These pathologies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in particular with an excess of cardiovascular deaths. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cluster of pathologies including insulin resistance, central obesity, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia that constitute the metabolic syndrome are associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol and the presence of dysfunctional HDLs. We here review the epidemiological evidence and the potential underlying mechanisms of this association. We first discuss the well-established association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance with alterations of lipid metabolism and how these alterations may lead to low levels of HDL cholesterol and the occurrence of dysfunctional HDLs. We then present and discuss the evidence showing that HDL modulates insulin sensitivity, insulin-independent glucose uptake, insulin secretion, and beta cell survival. A dysfunction in these actions could play a direct role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Van Linthout S, Frias M, Singh N, De Geest B. Therapeutic potential of HDL in cardioprotection and tissue repair. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:527-565. [PMID: 25523001 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies support a strong association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and heart failure incidence. Experimental evidence from different angles supports the view that low HDL is unlikely an innocent bystander in the development of heart failure. HDL exerts direct cardioprotective effects, which are mediated via its interactions with the myocardium and more specifically with cardiomyocytes. HDL may improve cardiac function in several ways. Firstly, HDL may protect the heart against ischaemia/reperfusion injury resulting in a reduction of infarct size and thus in myocardial salvage. Secondly, HDL can improve cardiac function in the absence of ischaemic heart disease as illustrated by beneficial effects conferred by these lipoproteins in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thirdly, HDL may improve cardiac function by reducing infarct expansion and by attenuating ventricular remodelling post-myocardial infarction. These different mechanisms are substantiated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo intervention studies that applied treatment with native HDL, treatment with reconstituted HDL, or human apo A-I gene transfer. The effect of human apo A-I gene transfer on infarct expansion and ventricular remodelling post-myocardial infarction illustrates the beneficial effects of HDL on tissue repair. The role of HDL in tissue repair is further underpinned by the potent effects of these lipoproteins on endothelial progenitor cell number, function, and incorporation, which may in particular be relevant under conditions of high endothelial cell turnover. Furthermore, topical HDL therapy enhances cutaneous wound healing in different models. In conclusion, the development of HDL-targeted interventions in these strategically chosen therapeutic areas is supported by a strong clinical rationale and significant preclinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Charité-University-Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapy (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yin K, Agrawal DK. High-density lipoprotein: a novel target for antirestenosis therapy. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 7:500-11. [PMID: 25043950 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is an integral pathological process central to the recurrent vessel narrowing after interventional procedures. Although the mechanisms for restenosis are diverse in different pathological conditions, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, and myofibroblasts transition have been thought to play crucial role in the development of restenosis. Indeed, there is an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, relatively studies on the direct assessment of HDL effect on restenosis are limited. In addition to involvement in the cholesterol reverse transport, many vascular protective effects of HDL, including protection of endothelium, antiinflammation, antithrombus actions, inhibition of SMC proliferation, and regulation by adventitial effects may contribute to the inhibition of restenosis, though the exact relationships between HDL and restenosis remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the vascular protective effects of HDL, emphasizing the potential role of HDL in intimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling, which may provide novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for antirestenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Fedirko V, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, van Duijnhoven FJB, Jansen E, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Ferrari P, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Westhpal S, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Racine A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Orfanos P, Agnoli C, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Peeters PH, Duell EJ, Molina-Montes E, Quirós JR, Dorronsoro M, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Ljuslinder I, Palmqvist R, Travis RC, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Pischon T, Boeing H. Biomarker patterns of inflammatory and metabolic pathways are associated with risk of colorectal cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:261-75. [PMID: 24791703 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of biomarkers of inflammatory and metabolic pathways are individually related to higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the association between biomarker patterns and CRC incidence has not been previously evaluated. Our study investigates the association of biomarker patterns with CRC in a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). During median follow-up time of 7.0 (3.7-9.4) years, 1,260 incident CRC cases occurred and were matched to 1,260 controls using risk-set sampling. Pre-diagnostic measurements of C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), insulin-like growth factor 1, adiponectin, leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) were used to derive biomarker patterns from principal component analysis (PCA). The relation with CRC incidence was assessed using conditional logistic regression models. We identified four biomarker patterns 'HDL-C/Adiponectin fractions', 'ROM/CRP', 'TG/C-peptide' and 'leptin/sOB-R' to explain 60 % of the overall biomarker variance. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, the 'HDL-C/Adiponectin fractions', 'ROM/CRP' and 'leptin/sOB-R' patterns were associated with CRC risk [for the highest quartile vs the lowest, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.69, 95 % CI 0.51-0.93, P-trend = 0.01; IRR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.30-2.23, P-trend = 0.002; and IRR = 0.79, 95 % CI 0.58-1.07; P-trend = 0.05, respectively]. In contrast, the 'TG/C-peptide' pattern was not associated with CRC risk (IRR = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.56-1.00, P-trend = 0.24). After cases within the first 2 follow-up years were excluded, the 'ROM/CRP' pattern was no longer associated with CRC risk, suggesting potential influence of preclinical disease on these associations. By application of PCA, the study identified 'HDL-C/Adiponectin fractions', 'ROM/CRP' and 'leptin/sOB-R' as biomarker patterns representing potentially important pathways for CRC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stenkula KG, Lindahl M, Petrlova J, Dalla-Riva J, Göransson O, Cushman SW, Krupinska E, Jones HA, Lagerstedt JO. Single injections of apoA-I acutely improve in vivo glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant mice. Diabetologia 2014; 57:797-800. [PMID: 24442447 PMCID: PMC3940850 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein constituent of HDL, has a central role in the reverse cholesterol-transport pathway, which together with the anti-inflammatory properties of apoA-I/HDL provide cardioprotection. Recent findings of direct stimulation of glucose uptake in muscle by apoA-I/HDL suggest that altered apoA-I and HDL functionality may be a contributing factor to the development of diabetes. We have studied the in vivo effects of short treatments with human apoA-I in a high-fat diet fed mouse model. In addition to native apoA-I, we investigated the effects of the cardioprotective Milano variant (Arg173Cys). METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice on a high-fat diet for 2 weeks that received a single injection of human apoA-I proteins (wild-type and Milano) were analysed for blood glucose and insulin levels during a 3 h incubation followed by glucose tolerance tests. Incorporation of injected human apoA-I protein into HDLs was analysed by native gel electrophoresis. RESULTS ApoA-I treatment significantly improved insulin secretion and blood glucose clearance in the glucose tolerance test, with an efficiency exceeding that of lean control animals, and led to decreased basal glucose during the 3 h incubation. Notably, the two apoA-I variants triggered insulin secretion and glucose clearance to the same extent. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION ApoA-I treatment leads to insulin- and non-insulin-dependent effects on glucose homeostasis. The experimental model of short-term (2 weeks) feeding of a high-fat diet to C57Bl6 mice provides a suitable and time-efficient system to unravel the resulting tissue-specific mechanisms of acute apoA-I treatment that lead to improved glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin G. Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Dalla-Riva
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel W. Cushman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewa Krupinska
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena A. Jones
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lim S, Quon MJ, Koh KK. Modulation of adiponectin as a potential therapeutic strategy. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:721-728. [PMID: 24603219 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is produced predominantly by adipocytes and plays an important role in metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis through its insulin-sensitizing actions and anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. Recently, it has been observed that lower levels of adiponectin can substantially increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease in patients who are obese. Circulating adiponectin levels are inversely related to the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. Intensive lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic agents, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ or α agonists, some statins, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, some calcium channel blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, new β-blockers, and several natural compounds can increase adiponectin levels and suppress or prevent disease initiation or progression, respectively, in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is important for investigators to have a thorough understanding of the interventions that can modulate adiponectin. Such knowledge may lead to new therapeutic approaches for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. This review focuses on recent updates regarding therapeutic interventions that might modulate adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Quon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Baldi S, Bonnet F, Laville M, Morgantini C, Monti L, Hojlund K, Ferrannini E, Natali A. Influence of apolipoproteins on the association between lipids and insulin sensitivity: a cross-sectional analysis of the RISC Study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:4125-31. [PMID: 24130363 PMCID: PMC3836122 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether the association of insulin sensitivity with HDL cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides is influenced by major plasma apolipoproteins, as suggested by recent experimental evidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included a cross-sectional analysis of the RISC Study, a multicenter European clinical investigation in 1,017 healthy volunteers balanced in sex (women 54%) and age strata (range 30-60 years). Insulin sensitivity (M/I in µmol ⋅ min(-1) ⋅ kgFFM(-1) ⋅ nM(-1)) was measured by the clamp technique and apolipoproteins (ApoB, -C3, -A1, and -E) by Multiplex Technology. RESULTS The center-, sex-, and age-adjusted standardized regression coefficients (STDβ) with M/I were similar for HDL and triglycerides (+19.9 ± 1.9 vs. -20.0 ± 2.0, P < 0.0001). Further adjustment for triglycerides (or HDL), BMI, and adiponectin (or nonesterified fatty acid) attenuated the strength of the association of M/I with both HDL (STDβ +6.4 ± 2.3, P < 0.01) and triglycerides (-9.5 ± 2.1, P < 0.001). Neither ApoA1 nor ApoE and ApoB showed any association with M/I independent from plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. ApoC3, in contrast, in both men and women, was positively associated with M/I independently of plasma lipids. A relative enrichment of plasma lipids with ApoC3 is associated with lower body fat percentage and lower plasma alanine amino transferase. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HDL cholesterol modulates insulin sensitivity through a mechanism that is partially mediated by BMI and adiponectin but not by ApoA1. Similarly, the influence of triglycerides on insulin sensitivity is in part mediated by BMI and is unrelated to ApoE or ApoB, but it is significantly modulated by ApoC3, which appears to protect from the negative effect of plasma lipids.
Collapse
|
39
|
Christou GA, Kiortsis DN. Adiponectin and lipoprotein metabolism. Obes Rev 2013; 14:939-49. [PMID: 23957239 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is secreted by the adipose tissue and it has been shown to be down-regulated in states of insulin resistance and in cardiovascular disease. It has also been found to be correlated with various parameters of lipoprotein metabolism, and in particular, it is associated with the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides; adiponectin appears to induce an increase in serum HDL, and conversely, HDL can up-regulate adiponectin levels, and in addition, adiponectin lowers serum triglycerides through enhancement of the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Studies investigating whether adiponectin is causally linked with lipoprotein metabolism have yielded conflicting data, and the mechanisms underlying the interplay between adiponectin and lipoproteins remain to be elucidated. The adiponectin-HDL relationship can explain at least in part the presumed protective role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease and the adiponectin changes observed after dieting, exercise and lipid-lowering treatment. Statins, fibrates, niacin and n-3 fatty acids may influence circulating adiponectin levels, indicating that adiponectin may mediate some of the metabolic effects of these agents. Further studies to investigate more thoroughly the role of adiponectin in lipoprotein metabolism in the human setting should be carefully planned, focusing on causality and the possible impact of adiponectin on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Christou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Krautbauer S, Neumeier M, Eisinger K, Hader Y, Dada A, Schmitz G, Aslanidis C, Buechler C. LDL but not HDL increases adiponectin release of primary human adipocytes. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:325-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Pek S, Tavintharan S, Woon K, Niyati J, Lim SC, Sum CF. Associations between pigment epithelium-derived factor, insulin resistance and high density lipoprotein. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1067-74. [PMID: 23600479 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To measure serum pigment epithelium-derived factor in control subjects with normal fasting glucose, and in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and those with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, before treatment initiation, and to measure pigment epithelium-derived factor prospectively in patients being treated with HDL-raising therapy, niacin. METHODS We enrolled 89 individuals attending an institutional health screen. Biochemical indices including lipids, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and pigment epithelium-derived factor were analysed in fasting blood. To validate the association between HDL and pigment epithelium-derived factor, we analysed samples from a separate study cohort with low HDL, followed up for 12-weeks while on niacin treatment. Secreted pigment epithelium-derived factor from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, after HDL treatment (24-h), was measured using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Mean (± sd) serum pigment epithelium-derived factor was significantly higher in subjects with impaired fasting glucose [13.99 (± 3.06) μg/ml] and Type 2 diabetes [12.94 (± 2.61)] μg/ml, compared with control subjects [11.83 (± 2.85) μg/ml (P = 0.014)]. In multivariate analyses, serum pigment epithelium-derived factor concentration was associated with BMI (β = 0.32, 0.007), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (β = 0.33, P = 0.01) and HDL (β = -0.24, P = 0.05), after adjustment for age, gender and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In the niacin study, on-treatment HDL was an independent determinant of pigment epithelium-derived factor (β = -0.439, P = 0.033), after adjusting for age, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and treatment. Adipocytes treated with HDL were found to have reduced pigment epithelium-derived factor secretion [24.8% (50 μg/ml), 28.4% (100 μg/ml) HDL; P < 0.05)], compared with the control samples. CONCLUSION Serum pigment epithelium-derived factor is positively associated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and negatively associated with HDL. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of low HDL and raised pigment epithelium-derived factor and to determine if they are causally related to the pathobiology of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pek
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tlili A, Jacobs F, de Koning L, Mohamed S, Bui LC, Dairou J, Belin N, Ducros V, Dubois T, Paul JL, Delabar JM, De Geest B, Janel N. Hepatocyte-specific Dyrk1a gene transfer rescues plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels and aortic Akt/GSK3 pathways in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1832:718-28. [PMID: 23429073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia, characterized by high plasma homocysteine levels, is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The increased synthesis of homocysteine, a product of methionine metabolism involving B vitamins, and its slower intracellular utilization cause increased flux into the blood. Plasma homocysteine level is an important reflection of hepatic methionine metabolism and the rate of processes modified by B vitamins as well as different enzyme activity. Lowering homocysteine might offer therapeutic benefits. However, approximately 50% of hyperhomocysteinemic patients due to cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency are biochemically responsive to pharmacological doses of B vitamins. Therefore, effective treatments to reduce homocysteine levels are needed, and gene therapy could provide a novel approach. We recently showed that hepatic expression of DYRK1A, a serine/threonine kinase, is negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine levels in cystathionine-beta-synthase deficient mice, a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, Dyrk1a is a good candidate for gene therapy to normalize homocysteine levels. We then used an adenoviral construct designed to restrict expression of DYRK1A to hepatocytes, and found decreased plasma homocysteine levels after hepatocyte-specific Dyrk1a gene transfer in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. The elevation of pyridoxal phosphate was consistent with the increase in cystathionine-beta-synthase activity. Commensurate with the decreased plasma homocysteine levels, targeted hepatic expression of DYRK1A resulted in elevated plasma paraoxonase-1 activity and apolipoprotein A-I levels, and rescued the Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways in aorta of mice, which can prevent homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction. These results demonstrate that hepatocyte-restricted Dyrk1a gene transfer can offer a useful therapeutic targets for the development of new selective homocysteine lowering therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Tlili
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, EAC-CNRS 4413, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
How to control residual cardiovascular risk despite statin treatment: Focusing on HDL–cholesterol. Int J Cardiol 2013; 166:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has direct effects on numerous cell types that influence cardiovascular and metabolic health. These include endothelial cells, vascular smooth-muscle cells, leukocytes, platelets, adipocytes, skeletal muscle myocytes, and pancreatic β cells. The effects of HDL or apoA-I, its major apolipoprotein, occur through the modulation of intracellular calcium, oxygen-derived free-radical production, numerous kinases, and enzymes, including endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). ApoA-I and HDL also influence gene expression, particularly genes encoding mediators of inflammation in vascular cells. In many paradigms, the change in intracellular signaling occurs as a result of cholesterol efflux, with the cholesterol acceptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin often invoking responses identical to HDL or apoA-I. The ABC transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) frequently participate in the cellular responses. Structure-function relationships are emerging for signal initiation by ABCA1 and SR-BI, with plasma membrane cholesterol binding by the C-terminal transmembrane domain of SR-BI uniquely enabling it to serve as a sensor of changes in membrane cholesterol. Further investigation of the processes underlying HDL and apoA-I modulation of intracellular signaling will potentially reveal new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to optimize both cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Laurila PP, Surakka I, Sarin AP, Yetukuri L, Hyötyläinen T, Söderlund S, Naukkarinen J, Tang J, Kettunen J, Mirel DB, Soronen J, Lehtimäki T, Ruokonen A, Ehnholm C, Eriksson JG, Salomaa V, Jula A, Raitakari OT, Järvelin MR, Palotie A, Peltonen L, Orešič M, Jauhiainen M, Taskinen MR, Ripatti S. Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Lipidomic Profiling Highlights the Role of Inflammation in Individuals With Low High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:847-57. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with cardiometabolic pathologies. In this study, we investigate the biological pathways and individual genes behind low HDL-C by integrating results from 3 high-throughput data sources: adipose tissue transcriptomics, HDL lipidomics, and dense marker genotypes from Finnish individuals with low or high HDL-C (n=450).
Approach and Results—
In the pathway analysis of genetic data, we demonstrate that genetic variants within inflammatory pathways were enriched among low HDL-C associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and the expression of these pathways upregulated in the adipose tissue of low HDL-C subjects. The lipidomic analysis highlighted the change in HDL particle quality toward putatively more inflammatory and less vasoprotective state in subjects with low HDL-C, as evidenced by their decreased antioxidative plasmalogen contents. We show that the focal point of these inflammatory pathways seems to be the
HLA
region with its low HDL-associated alleles also associating with more abundant local transcript levels in adipose tissue, increased plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) levels, and decreased HDL particle plasmalogen contents, markers of adipose tissue inflammation, vascular inflammation, and HDL antioxidative potential, respectively. In a population-based look-up of the inflammatory pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a large Finnish cohorts (n=11 211), no association of the
HLA
region was detected for HDL-C as quantitative trait, but with extreme HDL-C phenotypes, implying the presence of low or high HDL genes in addition to the population-genomewide association studies–identified HDL genes.
Conclusions—
Our study highlights the role of inflammation with a genetic component in subjects with low HDL-C and identifies novel
cis
-expression quantitative trait loci (
cis
-eQTL) variants in
HLA
region to be associated with low HDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Ida Surakka
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Jussi Naukkarinen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Jing Tang
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Daniel B. Mirel
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Christian Ehnholm
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Aarno Palotie
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Leena Peltonen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Matej Orešič
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cheng KH, Huang SP, Huang CN, Lee YC, Chu CS, Chang CF, Lai WT, Liu CC. The impact of estradiol and 1,25(OH)2D3 on metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Taiwanese males. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60295. [PMID: 23555948 PMCID: PMC3610656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to adipocytokines, estradiol (E2) and vitamin D have been reported to affect insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and body weight. However, studies about the impact of E2 and vitamin D on metabolic syndrome (MetS) are still limited. The aim of this study is to clarify the roles of circulating E2 and vitamin D on the risk of MetS in middle-aged Taiwanese males. A total of 655 male volunteers, including 243 subjects with MetS (mean age: 56.7±5.8 years) and 412 normal controls (mean age: 55.1±3.6 years), were evaluated. Subjects with MetS had significantly lower circulating E2, 1,25(OH)2D3, and adiponectin, and higher leptin than those without MetS (P<0.001 for all comparisons). E2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly associated with 4 individual components of MetS; more than adiponectin and leptin that were only associated with 3 individual components. In multivariate regression analysis, E2 (beta = −0.216, P<0.001) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (beta = 0.067, P = 0.045) were still significant predictors of MetS independent of adiponectin and leptin. Further large studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results and elucidate the possible mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fen Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (CCL)
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Pingtung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (CCL)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
In addition to its role in reverse cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has direct action on numerous cell types that influence cardiovascular and metabolic health. Cellular responses to HDL entail its capacity to invoke cholesterol efflux that causes signal initiation via scavenger receptor class B, type I, and plasma membrane receptor activation by HDL cargo molecules. In endothelial cells and their progenitors, HDL attenuates apoptosis and stimulates proliferation and migration. HDL also has diverse anti-inflammatory actions in both endothelial cells and leukocytes. In vascular smooth muscles, HDL tempers proinflammatory, promigratory, and degradative processes, and through actions on endothelium and platelets HDL is antithrombotic. There are additional actions of HDL of potential cardiovascular consequence that are indirect, including the capacities to promote pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, to protect pancreatic β cells from apoptosis, and to enhance glucose uptake by skeletal muscle myocytes. Furthermore, HDL decreases white adipose tissue mass, increases energy expenditure, and promotes the production of adipose-derived cytokine adiponectin that has its own vascular-protective properties. Many of these numerous actions of HDL have been observed not only in cell culture and animal models but also in human studies, and assessments of these functions are now being applied to patient populations to better-elucidate which actions of HDL may contribute to its cardioprotective potential and how they can be quantified and targeted. Further work on the many mechanisms of HDL action promises to reveal new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to optimize both cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In addition to its role in reverse cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has direct action on numerous cell types that influence cardiovascular and metabolic health. Cellular responses to HDL entail its capacity to invoke cholesterol efflux that causes signal initiation via scavenger receptor class B, type I, and plasma membrane receptor activation by HDL cargo molecules. In endothelial cells and their progenitors, HDL attenuates apoptosis and stimulates proliferation and migration. HDL also has diverse anti-inflammatory actions in both endothelial cells and leukocytes. In vascular smooth muscles, HDL tempers proinflammatory, promigratory, and degradative processes, and through actions on endothelium and platelets HDL is antithrombotic. There are additional actions of HDL of potential cardiovascular consequence that are indirect, including the capacities to promote pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, to protect pancreatic β cells from apoptosis, and to enhance glucose uptake by skeletal muscle myocytes. Furthermore, HDL decreases white adipose tissue mass, increases energy expenditure, and promotes the production of adipose-derived cytokine adiponectin that has its own vascular-protective properties. Many of these numerous actions of HDL have been observed not only in cell culture and animal models but also in human studies, and assessments of these functions are now being applied to patient populations to better-elucidate which actions of HDL may contribute to its cardioprotective potential and how they can be quantified and targeted. Further work on the many mechanisms of HDL action promises to reveal new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to optimize both cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baldasseroni S, Mannucci E, Orso F, Di Serio C, Pratesi A, Bartoli N, Marella GA, Colombi C, Foschini A, Valoti P, Mossello E, Fumagalli S, Marchionni N, Tarantini F. Adiponectin in outpatients with coronary artery disease: independent predictors and relationship with heart failure. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:292-299. [PMID: 22032915 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic heart failure (HF) is characterised by a neurohormonal dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation. A role of metabolic derangement in the pathophysiology of HF has been recently reported. Adiponectin, an adipose-tissue-derived cytokine, seems to play an important role in cardiac dysfunction. We investigated the variation of circulating adiponectin in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), with or without HF, in order to identify its independent predictors. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 107 outpatients with CAD were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: CAD without left ventricular systolic dysfunction (group 1); CAD with left ventricular dysfunction without HF symptoms (group 2) and CAD with overt HF (group 3). Plasma adiponectin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adiponectin concentrations increased progressively from group 1 (7.6 ± 3.6 ng ml⁻¹) to group 2 (9.1 ± 6.7 ng ml⁻¹) and group 3 (13.7 ± 7.6 ng ml⁻¹), with the difference reaching statistical significance in group 3 versus 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). A multivariable model of analysis demonstrated that the best predictors of plasma adiponectin were body mass index, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, even after adjusting for all three independent predictors, the increase of adiponectin in group 3 still remained statistically significant (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our data confirm the rise of adiponectin in overt HF. The levels of circulating adipokine seem to be mainly predicted by the metabolic profile of patients and by biohumoral indicators, rather than by clinical and echocardiographic indexes of HF severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Baldasseroni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi-AOUC, Via delle Oblate N. 4, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Obesity is the most common cause of secondary hyperlipidemia. Atherogenic dyslipidemia refers to elevated triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and small dense LDL associated with visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity may also be associated with isolated low HDL-cholesterol or high triglycerides and postprandial hyperlipidemia. While some obese patients have high LDL cholesterol concentrations, obesity has a more pronounced effect on other atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins. Obesity may aggravate familial lipid disorders. Lipid disorders in obesity are responsive to weight loss, pharmacotherapy and weight loss surgery. Statins are the lipid-lowering drug of choice, together with lifestyle change. Hard clinical end point data to support combinations of statins with other drugs is lacking. After weight loss surgery, the absolute risk of cardiovascular disease should be reassessed, but tools to facilitate risk assessment need to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tonstad
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|