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Singh S, Wright RE, Giri S, Arumugaswami V, Kumar A. Targeting ABCG1 and SREBP-2 mediated cholesterol homeostasis ameliorates Zika virus-induced ocular pathology. iScience 2024; 27:109088. [PMID: 38405605 PMCID: PMC10884761 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes severe neurological and ocular abnormalities in infants, yet no vaccine or antivirals are available. Our transcriptomic analysis of ZIKV-infected retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells revealed alterations in the cholesterol pathway. Thus, we investigated the functional roles of ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) and sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREPB-2), two key players in cholesterol metabolism, during ocular ZIKV infection. Our in vitro data showed that increased ABCG1 activity via liver X receptors (LXRs), reduced ZIKV replication, while ABCG1 knockdown increased replication with elevated intracellular cholesterol. Conversely, inhibiting SREBP-2 or its knockdown reduced ZIKV replication by lowering cholesterol levels. In vivo, LXR agonist or SREBP-2 inhibitor treatment mitigated ZIKV-induced chorioretinal lesions in mice, concomitant with decreased expression of inflammatory mediators and increased activation of antiviral response genes. In summary, our study identifies ABCG1's antiviral role and SREBP-2's proviral effects in ocular ZIKV infection, offering cholesterol metabolism as a potential target to develop antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert E. Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Mu W, Patankar V, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Examining Chronic Inflammation, Immune Metabolism, and T Cell Dysfunction in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38399994 PMCID: PMC10893210 DOI: 10.3390/v16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant challenge to global public health. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, a definitive cure remains elusive. One of the key features of HIV infection is chronic immune activation and inflammation, which are strongly associated with, and predictive of, HIV disease progression, even in patients successfully treated with suppressive ART. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation, immune cell metabolic dysregulation, and cellular exhaustion and dysfunction. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the interplay between chronic inflammation, immune metabolism, and T cell dysfunction in HIV infection, and also discusses the use of humanized mice models to study HIV immune pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Patankar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Li H, Wang M, Qu K, Xu R, Zhu H. MP Allosterically Activates AMPK to Enhance ABCA1 Stability by Retarding the Calpain-Mediated Degradation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17280. [PMID: 38139111 PMCID: PMC10743971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) constitutes the initial and rate-limiting step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), displaying a negative correlation with the development of atherosclerosis. Although the transcriptional regulation of ABCA1 has been extensively studied in previous research, the impact of post-translational regulation on its expression remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist called ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(6-((3-hydroxyphenyl) amino)-9H-purin-9-yl) tetrahydrofuran-2-yl) methyl dihydrogen phosphate (MP), which enhances ABCA1 expression through post-translational regulation rather than transcriptional regulation. By integrating the findings of multiple experiments, it is confirmed that MP directly binds to AMPK with a moderate binding affinity, subsequently triggering its allosteric activation. Further investigations conducted on macrophages unveil a novel mechanism through which MP modulates ABCA1 expression. Specifically, MP downregulates the Cav1.2 channel to obstruct the influx of extracellular Ca2+, thereby diminishing intracellular Ca2+ levels, suppressing calcium-activated calpain activity, and reducing the interaction strength between calpain and ABCA1. This cascade of events culminates in the deceleration of calpain-mediated degradation of ABCA1. In conclusion, MP emerges as a potentially promising candidate compound for developing agents aimed at enhancing ABCA1 stability and boosting cellular cholesterol efflux and RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (K.Q.); (R.X.)
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4
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Deng N, Reyes-Uribe L, Fahrmann JF, Thoman WS, Munsell MF, Dennison JB, Murage E, Wu R, Hawk ET, Thirumurthi S, Lynch PM, Dieli-Conwright CM, Lazar AJ, Jindal S, Chu K, Chelvanambi M, Basen-Engquist K, Li Y, Wargo JA, McAllister F, Allison JP, Sharma P, Sinha KM, Hanash S, Gilchrist SC, Vilar E. Exercise Training Reduces the Inflammatory Response and Promotes Intestinal Mucosa-Associated Immunity in Lynch Syndrome. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4361-4372. [PMID: 37724990 PMCID: PMC10618653 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition with a high lifetime risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Exercise is a non-pharmacologic intervention to reduce cancer risk, though its impact on patients with LS has not been prospectively studied. Here, we evaluated the impact of a 12-month aerobic exercise cycling intervention in the biology of the immune system in LS carriers. PATIENTS AND METHODS To address this, we enrolled 21 patients with LS onto a non-randomized, sequential intervention assignation, clinical trial to assess the effect of a 12-month exercise program that included cycling classes 3 times weekly for 45 minutes versus usual care with a one-time exercise counseling session as control. We analyzed the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, circulating, and colorectal-tissue biomarkers using metabolomics, gene expression by bulk mRNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics by NanoString GeoMx. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in oxygen consumption (VO2peak) as a primary outcome of the exercise and a decrease in inflammatory markers (prostaglandin E) in colon and blood as the secondary outcomes in the exercise versus usual care group. Gene expression profiling and spatial transcriptomics on available colon biopsies revealed an increase in the colonic mucosa levels of natural killer and CD8+ T cells in the exercise group that were further confirmed by IHC studies. CONCLUSIONS Together these data have important implications for cancer interception in LS, and document for the first-time biological effects of exercise in the immune system of a target organ in patients at-risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Reyes-Uribe
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johannes F. Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Whittney S. Thoman
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark F. Munsell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer B. Dennison
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eunice Murage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ranran Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T. Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Selvi Thirumurthi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M. Lynch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christina M. Dieli-Conwright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonali Jindal
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Khoi Chu
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - James P. Allison
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Krishna M. Sinha
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan C. Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
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Balasubramanian A, Sundrud MS. ATP-dependent transporters: emerging players at the crossroads of immunity and metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286696. [PMID: 38022644 PMCID: PMC10644303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are encoded by mammalian genomes. These transporters are characterized by conserved nucleotide-binding and hydrolysis (i.e., ATPase) domains, and power directional transport of diverse substrate classes - ions, small molecule metabolites, xenobiotics, hydrophobic drugs, and even polypeptides - into or out of cells or subcellular organelles. Although immunological functions of ABC transporters are only beginning to be unraveled, emerging literature suggests these proteins have under-appreciated roles in the development and function of T lymphocytes, including many of the key effector, memory and regulatory subsets that arise during responses to infection, inflammation or cancers. One transporter in particular, MDR1 (Multidrug resistance-1; encoded by the ABCB1 locus in humans), has taken center stage as a novel player in immune regulation. Although MDR1 remains widely viewed as a simple drug efflux pump in tumor cells, recent evidence suggests that this transporter fills key endogenous roles in enforcing metabolic fitness of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells. Here, we summarize current understanding of the physiological functions of ABC transporters in immune regulation, with a focus on the anti-oxidant functions of MDR1 that may shape both the magnitude and repertoires of antigen-specific effector and memory T cell compartments. While much remains to be learned about the functions of ABC transporters in immunobiology, it is already clear that they represent fertile new ground, both for the definition of novel immunometabolic pathways, and for the discovery of new drug targets that could be leveraged to optimize immune responses to vaccines and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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6
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Lela L, Russo D, De Biasio F, Gorgoglione D, Ostuni A, Ponticelli M, Milella L. Solanum aethiopicum L. from the Basilicata Region Prevents Lipid Absorption, Fat Accumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in OA-Treated HepG2 and Caco-2 Cell Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2859. [PMID: 37571013 PMCID: PMC10421219 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is widely associated with intestine barrier impairment, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) outbreaks, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In a previous investigation, the Solanum aethiopicum L. growing in Basilicata Region has demonstrated to have antioxidant activity; hence this investigation was aimed to evaluate for the first time the antilipidemic and anti-inflammatory activity of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum L. peel extract in vitro on OA-treated HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines. It was shown that the extract could reduce lipogenesis by down-regulating SREBP-1c and HMGCR expression and fatty acid β-oxidation by up-regulating PPARα, CPT1A, and UCP2 expression. In addition, the S. aethiopicum L. peel extract might also improve oxidative stress by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulating the Nrf2 and Nf-κB molecular pathways. Altogether, these results demonstrated for the first time the possible application of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum peel extract for preventing obesity and managing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff Bioactiplant s.r.l., Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
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7
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Ortega R, Liu B, Persaud SJ. Effects of miR-33 Deficiency on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10777. [PMID: 37445956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit gene expression. These small molecules are involved in several biological conditions such as inflammation, cell growth and proliferation, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, miR-33 is of particular interest as it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. This miRNA is located in introns harboured in the genes encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2, which are key transcription factors involved in lipid biosynthesis and cholesterol efflux. This review outlines the role of miR-33 in a range of metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, such as dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and it provides discussion about the effectiveness of miR-33 deficiency as a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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8
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Esobi IC, Oladosu O, Echesabal-Chen J, Powell RR, Bruce T, Stamatikos A. miR-33a Expression Attenuates ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux and Promotes Macrophage-Like Cell Transdifferentiation in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Lipids 2023; 2023:8241899. [PMID: 37359759 PMCID: PMC10289877 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8241899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the majority of cholesterol-laden cells found in atherosclerotic lesions are vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that have transdifferentiated into macrophage-like cells (MLC). Furthermore, cholesterol-laden MLC of VSMC origin have demonstrated impaired ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, but it is poorly understood why this occurs. A possible mechanism which may at least partially be attributed to cholesterol-laden MLC demonstrating attenuated ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux is a miR-33a expression, as a primary function of this microRNA is to silence ABCA1 expression, but this has yet to be rigorously investigated. Therefore, the VSMC line MOVAS cells were used to generate miR-33a knockout (KO) MOVAS cells, and we used KO and wild-type (WT) MOVAS cells to delineate any possible proatherogenic role of miR-33a expression in VSMC. When WT and KO MOVAS cells were cholesterol-loaded to convert into MLC, this resulted in the WT MOVAS cells to exhibit impaired ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. In the cholesterol-loaded WT MOVAS MLC, we also observed a delayed restoration of the VSMC phenotype when these cells were exposed to the ABCA1 cholesterol acceptor, apoAI. These results imply that miR-33a expression in VSMC drives atherosclerosis by triggering MLC transdifferentiation via attenuated ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu C. Esobi
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Olanrewaju Oladosu
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jing Echesabal-Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Rhonda R. Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Terri Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Alexis Stamatikos
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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9
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Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for membrane transporters, of which several are involved in drug resistance and disease pathways resulting from transporter dysfunction. Over the last decade, advances in structural biology have vastly expanded our mechanistic understanding of human ABC transporter function, revealing details of their molecular arrangement, regulation, and interactions, facilitated in large part by advances in cryo-EM that have rendered hitherto inaccessible targets amenable to high-resolution structural analysis. As a result, experimentally determined structures of multiple members of each of the five families of ABC transporters in humans are now available. Here we review this recent progress, highlighting the physiological relevance of human ABC transporters and mechanistic insights gleaned from their direct structure determination. We also discuss the impact and limitations of model systems and structure prediction methods in understanding human ABC transporters and discuss current challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alam
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;
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10
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Effects of Caprylic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Lipids, Inflammatory Levels, and the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in ABCA1-Deficient Mice and ABCA1 Knock-Down RAW264.7 Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051296. [PMID: 36904298 PMCID: PMC10005197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have found that caprylic acid (C8:0) can improve blood lipids and reduce inflammation levels and may be related to the upregulation of the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 pathway by ABCA1. This study aims to investigate the effects of C8:0 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on lipids, inflammatory levels, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in ABCA1-deficient mice (ABCA1-/-) and ABCA1 knock-down (ABCA1-KD) RAW 264.7 cells. Twenty 6-week ABCA1-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a high-fat diet, or a diet of 2% C8:0, 2% palmitic acid (C16:0) or 2% EPA for 8 weeks, respectively. The RAW 264.7 cells were divided into the control or control + LPS group, and the ABCA1-KD RAW 264.7 cells were divided into ABCA1-KD with LPS (LPS group), ABCA1-KD with LPS + C8:0 (C8:0 group), and ABCA1-KD with LPS + EPA (EPA group). Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory levels were measured, and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Our results showed that serum lipid and inflammatory levels increased in ABCA1-/- mice (p < 0.05). After the intervention of different fatty acids in ABCA1-/- mice, TG and TNF-α were significantly lower, while MCP-1 increased significantly in the C8:0 group (p < 0.05); however, LDL-C, TC, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels decreased significantly and IL-10 increased significantly in the EPA group (p < 0.05). In the aorta of ABCA1-/- mice, C8:0 significantly decreased p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 mRNA, while EPA significantly reduced TLR4 and NF-κBp65 mRNA. In the ABCA1-KD RAW 264.7 cells, TNF-α and MCP-1 were increased significantly and IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the C8:0 group (p < 0.05). The protein expressions of ABCA1 and p-JAK2 were significantly higher, and the NF-κBp65 was significantly lower in the C8:0 and EPA groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to the C8:0 group, the NF-κBp65 protein expression was significantly lower in the EPA group (p < 0.05). Our study showed that EPA had better effects than C8:0 on inhibiting inflammation and improving blood lipids in the absence of ABCA1. C8:0 may be involved mainly in inhibiting inflammation through upregulation of the ABCA1 and p-JAK2/p-STAT3 pathways, while EPA may be involved mainly in inhibiting inflammation through the TLR4/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway. The upregulation of the ABCA1 expression pathway by functional nutrients may provide research targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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11
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FTY720 Reduces Lipid Accumulation by Upregulating ABCA1 through Liver X Receptor and Sphingosine Kinase 2 Signaling in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314617. [PMID: 36498944 PMCID: PMC9740778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of foam cells as a result of excess lipid accumulation by macrophages is a pathological hallmark of atherosclerosis. Fingolimod (FTY720) is an immunosuppressive agent used in clinical settings for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and has been reported to inhibit atherosclerotic plaque development. However, little is known about the effect of FTY720 on lipid accumulation leading to foam cell formation. In this study, we investigated the effects of FTY720 on lipid accumulation in murine macrophages. FTY720 treatment reduced lipid droplet formation and increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in J774 mouse macrophages. FTY720 also enhanced the expression of liver X receptor (LXR) target genes such as FASN, APOE, and ABCG1. In addition, FTY720-induced upregulation of ABCA1 was abolished by knockdown of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) expression. Furthermore, we found that FTY720 treatment induced histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation, which was lost in SphK2-knockdown cells. Taken together, FTY720 induces ABCA1 expression through SphK2-mediated acetylation of H3K9 and suppresses lipid accumulation in macrophages, which provides novel insights into the mechanisms of action of FTY720 on atherosclerosis.
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12
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Calvo Alén J, Lavin-Gomez BA, Aurrecoechea E, Guerra Ruiz AR, Martínez Taboada V, Gómez Gerique J. TNF Inhibitors Exert a "Hidden" Beneficial Effect in the Cardiovascular Lipoprotein Profile of RA Patients. Biologics 2022; 16:187-197. [PMID: 36281333 PMCID: PMC9587304 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s364191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A high cardiovascular risk has been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); the effects of different biological agents have also been described in these patients. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in the lipoprotein profile of RA patients using a broad laboratory assessment including a large number of non-routine tests. Patients and Methods RA patients treated with and without TNFi (70 patients in each group) were cross-sectionally compared regarding a broad spectrum of lipoprotein parameters including serum levels of total and HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol triglycerides, lipoprotein A (LpA), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A), B100 (Apo B) and paroxonase. For each lipoprotein subfraction (HDL, LDL and VLDL), we assess specific concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and proteins and total mass of each one. Additionally, HDL Apo A, LDL and VLDL Apo B concentrations and number of particles of LDL and VLDL were also determined. Exploratory univariate and multivariate analyses of the different variables were performed. Results Seventy patients in each subset were enrolled. Patients on treatment with TNFi showed a trend to be younger and to have a longer disease duration. Regarding the lipoprotein analyses, borderline significant higher levels of serum Apo A were detected and an independent association with lower HDL mass, LDL triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, VLDL Apo B, VLDL mass, number of VLDL cholesterol molecules and number of particles of VLDL was clearly observed. Conclusion TNFi treatment was associated with beneficial atherogenic effects at the lipoprotein level especially centered in the VLDL-related parameters consistent with a reduction of the atherogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Calvo Alén
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain,Correspondence: Jaime Calvo Alén, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, C/ Francisco Leandro de Viana s/n, Vitoria, Alava, 01009, Spain, Tel +34 945007576, Email
| | | | - Elena Aurrecoechea
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Armando Raul Guerra Ruiz
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez Taboada
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez Gerique
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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13
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Wang S, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Gao C, Yang M, Tian Y, Fan W, Zhang B, Li M, Xu C, Yang W. Role of sortilin 1 (SORT1) on fatty acid–mediated cholesterol metabolism in primary calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7773-7786. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Iyama K, Ikeda S, Koga S, Yoshimuta T, Kawano H, Tsuji S, Ando K, Matsushima K, Tada H, Kawashiri MA, Kawakami A, Maemura K. Acute Coronary Syndrome Developed in a 17-year-old Boy with Sitosterolemia Comorbid with Takayasu Arteritis: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature. Intern Med 2022; 61:1169-1177. [PMID: 34615826 PMCID: PMC9107993 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8288-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 17-year-old boy with acute coronary syndrome was admitted to our hospital. He had xanthomas over his elbow and Achilles tendon and a high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; therefore, his initial diagnosis was familial hypercholesterolemia. However, a genetic analysis revealed a compound heterozygous mutation in the ABCG5 gene with a high serum level of sitosterol, leading to the diagnosis of sitosterolemia. After lipid-lowering treatment, percutaneous coronary intervention was performed. Furthermore, a persistently high C-reactive protein level and images of large arteries led to a diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sitosterolemia complicated by Takayasu arteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Iyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Seiji Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshimuta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Sosuke Tsuji
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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15
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Ahmadi A, Bagheri Ekta M, Sahebkar A. Mechanisms of antidiabetic drugs and cholesterol efflux: a clinical perspective. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1679-1688. [PMID: 35182734 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a physiological process that reduces excess cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol efflux (CE), an important step in RCT, is mainly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 and has a significant role in atheroprotection. Moreover, impairments in CE can lead to the development of diabetes and fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the possible effects of hypoglycemic agents on CE and how this might influence atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia-related pathologies. Newer antidiabetic agents could have significant potential for targeting CE and preventing or alleviating atherosclerosis, obesity, and liver steatosis, and simultaneously improving insulin secretion. However, more research is warranted to interpret the clinical relevance of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948567, Iran
| | - Mariam Bagheri Ekta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Abstract
ABC transporters are a large family of membrane proteins that transport chemically diverse substrates across the cell membrane. Disruption of transport mechanisms mediated by ABC transporters causes the development of various diseases, including atherosclerosis. Methods: A bioinformatic analysis of a dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed. A GEO dataset containing data on gene expression levels in samples of atherosclerotic lesions and control arteries without atherosclerotic lesions from carotid, femoral, and infrapopliteal arteries was used for analysis. To evaluate differentially expressed genes, a bioinformatic analysis was performed in comparison groups using the limma package in R (v. 4.0.2) and the GEO2R and Phantasus tools (v. 1.11.0). Results: The obtained data indicate the differential expression of many ABC transporters belonging to different subfamilies. The differential expressions of ABC transporter genes involved in lipid transport, mechanisms of multidrug resistance, and mechanisms of ion exchange are shown. Differences in the expression of transporters in tissue samples from different arteries are established. Conclusions: The expression of ABC transporter genes demonstrates differences in atherosclerotic samples and normal arteries, which may indicate the involvement of transporters in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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17
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Cheng ZB, Huang L, Xiao X, Sun JX, Zou ZK, Jiang JF, Lu C, Zhang HY, Zhang C. Irisin in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:158-166. [PMID: 34425103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, has been shown to play important roles in increasing white adipose tissue browning, regulating energy metabolism and improving insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests a direct role for irisin in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) by inhibiting oxidative stress, improving dyslipidemia, facilitating anti-inflammation, reducing cellular damage and recovering endothelial function. In addition, some studies have noted that serum irisin levels play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk prediction, highlighting that irisin has the potential to be a useful predictive marker and therapeutic target of AS, especially in monitoring therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the understanding of irisin-mediated regulation in essential biological pathways and functions in atherosclerosis and prompts further exploitation of the biological properties of irisin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Kai Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Tavares LA, Januário YC, daSilva LLP. HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622610. [PMID: 34307340 PMCID: PMC8295591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) modifies the host cell environment to ensure efficient and sustained viral replication. Key to these processes is the capacity of the virus to hijack ATPases, GTPases and the associated proteins that control intracellular protein trafficking. The functions of these energy-harnessing enzymes can be seized by HIV-1 to allow the intracellular transport of viral components within the host cell or to change the subcellular distribution of antiviral factors, leading to immune evasion. Here, we summarize how energy-related proteins deviate from their normal functions in host protein trafficking to aid the virus in different phases of its replicative cycle. Recent discoveries regarding the interplay among HIV-1 and host ATPases and GTPases may shed light on potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yunan C Januário
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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19
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. The Role of ABC Transporters in Lipid Metabolism and the Comorbid Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6711. [PMID: 34201488 PMCID: PMC8269124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD rarely occurs in isolation and is often combined with various diseases. It is considered that systemic inflammation underlies the comorbid course of COPD. The data obtained in recent years have shown the importance of violations of the cross-links of lipid metabolism and the immune response, which are links in the pathogenesis of both COPD and atherosclerosis. The role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of the comorbid course of COPD and atherosclerosis and the participation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in these processes is discussed in this article. It is known that about 20 representatives of a large family of ABC transporters provide lipid homeostasis of cells by moving lipids inside the cell and in its plasma membrane, as well as removing lipids from the cell. It was shown that some representatives of the ABC-transporter family are involved in various links of the pathogenesis of COPD and atherosclerosis, which can determine their comorbid course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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20
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Trakaki A, Marsche G. Current Understanding of the Immunomodulatory Activities of High-Density Lipoproteins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060587. [PMID: 34064071 PMCID: PMC8224331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins interact with immune cells, macrophages and endothelial cells - key players of the innate and adaptive immune system. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles seem to have evolved as part of the innate immune system since certain HDL subspecies contain combinations of apolipoproteins with immune regulatory functions. HDL is enriched in anti-inflammatory lipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and certain saturated lysophospholipids. HDL reduces inflammation and protects against infection by modulating immune cell function, vasodilation and endothelial barrier function. HDL suppresses immune cell activation at least in part by modulating the cholesterol content in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich membrane domains (lipid rafts), which play a critical role in the compartmentalization of signaling pathways. Acute infections, inflammation or autoimmune diseases lower HDL cholesterol levels and significantly alter HDL metabolism, composition and function. Such alterations could have a major impact on disease progression and may affect the risk for infections and cardiovascular disease. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune cell modulatory activities of HDL. We focus on newly discovered activities of HDL-associated apolipoproteins, enzymes, lipids, and HDL mimetic peptides.
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21
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Kotlyarov S. Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3334. [PMID: 33805156 PMCID: PMC8037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the important medical and social problem. According to modern concepts, COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease, macrophages play a key role in its pathogenesis. Macrophages are heterogeneous in their functions, which is largely determined by their immunometabolic profile, as well as the features of lipid homeostasis, in which the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role. The objective of this work is the analysis of the ABCA1 protein participation and the function of reverse cholesterol transport in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of the ABCA1 gene in lung tissues takes the second place after the liver, which indicates the important role of the carrier in lung function. The participation of the transporter in the development of COPD consists in provision of lipid metabolism, regulation of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Violation of the processes in which ABCA1 is involved may be a part of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the formation of a heterogeneous clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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22
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Juan CC, Li LH, Hou SK, Liu PS, Kao WF, Chiu YH, How CK. Expression of ABC transporter and scavenger receptor mRNAs in PBMCs in 100-km ultramarathon runners. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13365. [PMID: 32725886 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated at the cellular level. This study was to measure the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and class A (SRA), and CD36 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to 100-km ultramarathon event and determine any correlation between these ABC transporters/scavenger receptor expression levels and plasma cholesterol homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six participants were enrolled. Blood was drawn from each individual 1 week prior, immediately after, and 24 hours after the race. The expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, SRA and CD36 in PBMCs were measured by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly increased immediately after the race and dropped at 24-hour post-race compared with pre-race values. The 100-km ultramarathon boosted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels 24-hour post-race. The expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI were markedly decreased, whereas that of CD36 was slightly but significantly upregulated in runners' PBMCs immediately after the race. Ultramarathon resulted in immediate large-scale stimulation of inflammatory cytokines with increased plasma interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels. Moreover, by using in vitro models with human monocytic cell lines, incubation of runners' plasma immediately after the race significantly downregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1, and upregulated CD36 expression in these cells. CONCLUSIONS ABCA1, ABCG1 and CD36 gene expressions in PBMCS might be associated with endurance exercise-induced plasma cholesterol homeostasis and systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Juan
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program of Medical Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Kuang Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shiou Liu
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fong Kao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Kinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, Taiwan
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23
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Liu S, Gao J, He L, Zhao Z, Wang G, Zou J, Zhou L, Wan X, Tang S, Tang C. Myristica fragrans promotes ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in THP-1-derived macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:63-71. [PMID: 33434281 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristica fragrans is a traditional herbal medicine and has been shown to alleviate the development of atherosclerosis. However, the anti-atherogenic mechanisms of M. fragrans are still to be addressed. In this study, we explored the effect of M. fragrans on lipid metabolism and inflammation and its mechanisms in THP-1-derived macrophages. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results showed that M. fragrans promotes cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages and reduces intracellular total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and free cholesterol contents in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Further study found that liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) antagonist GGPP significantly blocked the upregulation of ABCA1 expression with M. fragrans treatment. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) can bind to the LXRα promoter, and inhibition of GATA3 led to the downregulation of LXRα and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 expression. Furthermore, M. fragrans reduced lipid accumulation, followed by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and increasing IL-10 produced by THP-1-derived macrophages. Therefore, M. fragrans is identified as a valuable therapeutic medicine for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linhao He
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangjun Wan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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24
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Rafiei A, Ferns GA, Ahmadi R, Khaledifar A, Rahimzadeh-Fallah T, Mohmmad-Rezaei M, Emami S, Bagheri N. Expression levels of miR-27a, miR-329, ABCA1, and ABCG1 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their correlation with serum levels of oxidative stress and hs-CRP in the patients with coronary artery disease. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:223-237. [PMID: 33263223 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with high mortality worldwide. The reverse cholesterol transport pathway in macrophage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is strongly controlled by regulatory factors. The microRNAs can promote or prevent the formation of atherosclerotic lesions by post-transcriptional regulation of vital genes in this pathway. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the expression levels of miR-27a, miR-329, ABCA1, and ABCG1 genes and serum levels of hs-CRP, ox-LDL, and indices of oxidative stress in the patients with established CAD and controls. A total of 84 subjects (42 patients with CAD and 42 controls) were included in this study. Expression levels of miR-27a-3p, miR-329-3p, ABCA1, and ABCG1 genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum concentration of hs-CRP and ox-LDL were measured by real time-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Also, oxidative stress parameters in the serum were evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression in PBMC and serum concentration of FRAP were significantly lower in the CAD group compared to the control group. Expression levels of miR-27a and miR-329 and serum levels of hs-CRP, ox-LDL, and MDA were significantly higher in the CAD group compared to the control group. Serum levels of hs-CRP, ox-LDL, and expression level of miR-27a have inversely related to ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression in all the subjects. An increase in the expression levels of miR-27a and miR-329 may lead to the progression of atherosclerosis plaque by downregulating the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arsalan Khaledifar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tina Rahimzadeh-Fallah
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mina Mohmmad-Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shohreh Emami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Gowrishankar S, Cologna SM, Givogri MI, Bongarzone ER. Deregulation of signalling in genetic conditions affecting the lysosomal metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105142. [PMID: 33080336 PMCID: PMC8862610 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in neuroglial function is gaining momentum in part due to a better understanding of how many lipid species contribute to key cellular signalling pathways at the membrane level. The description of lipid rafts as membrane domains composed by defined classes of lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids has greatly helped in our understanding of how cellular signalling can be regulated and compartmentalized in neurons and glial cells. Genetic conditions affecting the metabolism of these lipids greatly impact on how some of these signalling pathways work, providing a context to understand the biological function of the lipid. Expectedly, abnormal metabolism of several lipids such as cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids observed in several metabolic conditions involving lysosomal dysfunction are often accompanied by neuronal and myelin dysfunction. This review will discuss the role of lysosomal biology in the context of deficiencies in the metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids and their impact on neural function in three genetic disorders: Niemann-Pick type C, Metachromatic leukodystrophy and Krabbe’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - S M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - E R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Computational SNP Analysis and Molecular Simulation Revealed the Most Deleterious Missense Variants in the NBD1 Domain of Human ABCA1 Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207606. [PMID: 33066695 PMCID: PMC7589834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane-bound exporter protein involved in regulating serum HDL level by exporting cholesterol and phospholipids to load up in lipid-poor ApoA-I and ApoE, which allows the formation of nascent HDL. Mutations in the ABCA1 gene, when presents in both alleles, disrupt the canonical function of ABCA1, which associates with many disorders related to lipid transport. Although many studies have reported the phenotypic effects of a large number of ABCA1 variants, the pathological effect of non-synonymous polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in ABCA1 remains elusive. Therefore, aiming at exploring the structural and functional consequences of nsSNPs in ABCA1, in this study, we employed an integrated computational approach consisting of nine well-known in silico tools to identify damaging SNPs and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to get insights into the magnitudes of the damaging effects. In silico tools revealed four nsSNPs as being most deleterious, where the two SNPs (G1050V and S1067C) are identified as the highly conserved and functional disrupting mutations located in the NBD1 domain. MD simulation suggested that both SNPs, G1050V and S1067C, changed the overall structural flexibility and dynamics of NBD1, and induced substantial alteration in the structural organization of ATP binding site. Taken together, these findings direct future studies to get more insights into the role of these variants in the loss of the ABCA1 function.
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Impact on Longevity of Genetic Cardiovascular Risk and Lifestyle including Red Meat Consumption. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1305413. [PMID: 32714484 PMCID: PMC7354649 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1305413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular risk (CVR) underlies aging process and longevity. Previous work points to genetic and environmental factors associated with this risk. Objectives The aim of this research is to look for any CVR gene-gene and gene-multifactorial/lifestyle interactions that may impact health and disease and underlie exceptional longevity. Methods A case-control study involving 521 both gender individuals, 253 centenarians (100.26 ± 1.98 years), and 268 controls (67.51 ± 3.25 years), low (LCR, n = 107) and high (HCR, n = 161) CVR. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity (BMI, kg·m−2), and impaired kidney function were defined according to standard criteria. CVR was calculated using Q risk®. DNA was genotyping (ACE-rs4646994, AGT-rs4762, AGR1-rs5182, GRK4-rs2960306, GRK4-rs1024323, NOS3-rs1799983, and SLC12A3-rs13306673) through iPlex-MassARRAY®, read by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and analyzed by EARTDECODE®. Results Antilongevity factors consisted (OR 95% CI, p < 0.05) BMI 1.558 (1.445-1.680), hypertension 2.358 (1.565-3.553), smoking habits 4.528 (2.579-7.949), diabetes 5.553 (2.889-10.675), hypercholesterolemia 1.016 (1.010-1.022), and regular consumption of red meat 22.363 (13.987-35.755). Genetic aspects particularly for HCR individuals ACE II (OR: 3.96 (1.83-8.56), p < 0.0001) and NOS3 TT (OR: 3.11 (1.70-5.70), p < 0.0001) genotypes were also risk associate. Obesity, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and frequent consumption of red meat have an additive action to hypertension in the longevity process. There was a synergistic interaction between the endothelial NOS3 genotypes and the severity of arterial hypertension. An epistatic interaction between functional genetic variants of GRK4 and angiotensinogen was also observed. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk-related genetic and multifactorial or predominantly lifestyle aspects and its interactions might influence the aging process and contribute to exceptional longevity in Portuguese centenarians. Besides lifestyle, the activity of nitrite oxide synthase may be one of the main physiologic regulators of cardiovascular protection in the path of longevity.
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Abdel-Megeed RM, El Newary SA, Kadry MO, Ghanem HZ, El-Shesheny RA, Said-Al Ahl HAH, Abdel-Hamid AHZ. Hyssopus officinalis exerts hypoglycemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via modulating GSK-3β, C-fos, NF-κB, ABCA1 and ABGA1 gene expression. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:483-491. [PMID: 32550200 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is contributed to dual interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. This impressed a great need for novel treatment strategy. Nevertheless, Hyssopus officinalis (H. officinalis) as a terrestrial herb is considered to be an important source of natural antioxidants, it could be assessed as an anti-hyperglycemic agent. Methods In the current study, HPLC identified the active constitutes of H. officinalis, including total polyphenols, and flavonoids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar albino rats via a single ip dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg BW). One week post diabetes induction, rats were administrated H. officinalis (500 mg/ kg BW) orally for one month. Molecular analysis was assessed to investigate the efficiency of H. officinalis on modulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) genes, in addition to apoptotic biomarkers, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cellular oncogene-fos (C-fos) genes. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression were also assessed. Results H. officinalis alcoholic extract declared the presence of polyphenols as gallic acid and flavonoids as quercetin in addition to many active constituents. Apigenin-7-glucoside and Chlorgenic acid were the most common constituents in the extract. RT-PCR results declared a significant up-regulation in mRNA gene expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 upon H. officinalis treatment. Meanwhile, C-fos gene expression recorded a slight down-regulation. Gene expression of apoptotic biomarker GSK-3β demonstrated a significant down regulation as well as inflammatory biomarkers NF-κB and TNF-α. Conclusion From the data recorded, it could be concluded that H. officinalis exerts a great hypoglycemic potential via modulating C-fos, GSK-3β, NF-κB, TNF-α, ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression and signaling pathways and could be considered as an effective candidate for DMT2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Samah A El Newary
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai O Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Hassan Z Ghanem
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Rabeh A El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein A H Said-Al Ahl
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Z Abdel-Hamid
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
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Zhang YY, Zhao ZD, Kong PY, Gao L, Yu YN, Liu J, Wang PQ, Li B, Zhang XX, Yang LQ, Wang Z. A comparative pharmacogenomic analysis of three classic TCM prescriptions for coronary heart disease based on molecular network modeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:735-744. [PMID: 32051552 PMCID: PMC7471444 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved over several thousands of years, which has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Three classical TCM prescriptions, namely Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, have been extensively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on molecular network modeling, we performed a comparative pharmacogenomic analysis to systematically determine the drug-targeting spectrum of the three prescriptions at molecular level. Wide-area target molecules of CHD were covered, which was a common feature of the three decoctions, demonstrating their therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, collective signaling involved metabolic/pro-metabolic pathways, driving and transferring pathways, neuropsychiatric pathways, and exocrine or endocrine pathways. These organized pharmacological disturbance was mainly focused on almost all stages of CHD intervention, such as anti-atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular wall function, foam cells formation, platelets aggregation, thrombosis, arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, heterogeneity analysis of the global pharmacological molecular spectrum revealed that signaling crosstalk, cascade convergence, and key targets were tendentious among the three decoctions. After all, it is unadvisable to rank the findings on targeting advantages of the three decoctions. Comparative pharmacological evidence may provide an appropriate decoction scheme for individualized intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zi-de Zhao
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Peng-Yun Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Bagheri R, Darroudi S, Hosseini SM, Nikkar H, khodadadi F, kasraee S, sazegar M, Rashidlamir A. Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training and Aerobic Exercise on Expression of ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 Genes in Female Athletes. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.3.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Buechler C, Aslanidis C. Role of lipids in pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158658. [PMID: 32058031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and widespread cancer. Patients with liver cirrhosis of different aetiologies are at a risk to develop HCC. It is important to know that in approximately 20% of cases primary liver tumors arise in a non-cirrhotic liver. Lipid metabolism is variable in patients with chronic liver diseases, and lipid metabolites involved therein do play a role in the development of HCC. Of note, lipid composition of carcinogenic tissues differs from non-affected liver tissues. High cholesterol and low ceramide levels in the tumors protect the cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis, and do also promote cell proliferation. So far, detailed characterization of the mechanisms by which lipids enable the development of HCC has received little attention. Evaluation of the complex roles of lipids in HCC is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of HCC, the later being of paramount importance for the development of urgently needed therapeutic interventions. Disturbed hepatic lipid homeostasis has systemic consequences and lipid species may emerge as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC. The challenge is to distinguish lipids specifically related to HCC from changes simply related to the underlying liver disease. This review article discusses aberrant lipid metabolism in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Mechanisms and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:225-245. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guerrini V, Gennaro ML. Foam Cells: One Size Doesn't Fit All. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:1163-1179. [PMID: 31732284 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in many infectious and metabolic diseases, and some cancers, is accompanied by the presence of foam cells. These cells form when the intracellular lipid content of macrophages exceeds their capacity to maintain lipid homeostasis. Concurrently, critical macrophage immune functions are diminished. Current paradigms of foam cell formation derive from studies of atherosclerosis. However, recent studies indicate that the mechanisms of foam cell biogenesis during tuberculosis differ from those operating during atherogenesis. Here, we review how foam cell formation and function vary with disease context. Since foam cells are therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, further research on the disease-specific mechanisms of foam cell biogenesis and function is needed to explore the therapeutic consequences of targeting these cells in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Chen CH, Zhao JF, Hsu CP, Kou YR, Lu TM, Lee TS. The detrimental effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine on cholesterol efflux of macrophage foam cells: Role of the NOX/ROS signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:354-365. [PMID: 31437479 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and has been proposed to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of ADMA on cholesterol metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophage foam cells were used as an in vitro model. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) hyperlipidemic mice were used as an in vivo model. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expression. Luciferase reporter assays were used to assess the activity of promoters and transcription factors. Conventional assay kits were used to measure the levels of ADMA, cholesterol, triglycerides, and cytokines. RESULTS Treatment with oxLDL decreased the protein expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) but not DDAH-1. Incubation with ADMA markedly increased oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in macrophages. ADMA impaired cholesterol efflux following oxLDL challenge and downregulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 by interfering with liver X receptor α (LXRα) expression and activity. Additionally, this inhibitory effect of ADMA on cholesterol metabolism was mediated through the activation of the NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway. In vivo experiments revealed that chronic administration of ADMA for 4 weeks exacerbated systemic inflammation, decreased the aortic protein levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and impaired the capacity of reverse cholesterol transport, ultimately, leading to the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ADMA/DDAH-2 axis plays a crucial role in regulating cholesterol metabolism in macrophage foam cells and atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ru Kou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ou X, Gao JH, He LH, Yu XH, Wang G, Zou J, Zhao ZW, Zhang DW, Zhou ZJ, Tang CK. Angiopoietin-1 aggravates atherosclerosis by inhibiting cholesterol efflux and promoting inflammatory response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158535. [PMID: 31678621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a secreted protein, mainly regulates angiogenesis. Ang-1 has been shown to promote the development of atherosclerosis, whereas little is known about its effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation in this process. METHOD Ang-1 was transfected into ApoE-/- mice via lentiviral vector or incubated with THP-1 derived macrophages. Oil red O and HE staining were performed to measure the size of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Immunofluorescence was employed to show the expression of target proteins in aorta. [3H] labeled cholesterol was performed to examine the efficiency of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) both in vivo and vitro. Western blot and qPCR were used to quantify target proteins both in vivo and vitro. ELISA detected the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophage. RESULTS Our data showed that Ang-1 augmented atherosclerotic plaques formation and inhibited cholesterol efflux. The binding of Ang-1 to Tie2 resulted in downregulation of LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression via inhibiting the translocation of TFE3 into nucleus. In addition, Ang-1 decreased serum HDL-C levels and reduced reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, Ang-1 induced lipid accumulation followed by increasing TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β,and MCP-1 produced by MPMs, as well as inducing M1 phenotype macrophage marker iNOS and CD86 expression in aorta of ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION Ang-1 has an adverse effect on cholesterol efflux by decreasing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 via Tie2/TFE3/LXRα pathway, thereby promoting inflammation and accelerating atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lin-Hao He
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Zhi-Jiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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36
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Characterization and Validation of an "Acute Aerobic Exercise Load" as a Tool to Assess Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Nutrition in Healthy Subjects Using a Statistically Integrated Approach in a Comprehensive Clinical Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9526725. [PMID: 31612079 PMCID: PMC6755301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9526725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic challenge may provide unique opportunities for quantitative assessment of the health-promoting effects of nutritional interventions in healthy individuals. Objective. The present study is aimed at characterizing and validating the use of acute aerobic exercise (AAE) on a treadmill at 60% of VO2max for 30 min, in assessing the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a nutritional intervention. In a controlled, randomized, parallel trial of Korean black raspberry (KBR) (n = 24/group), fasting blood and urine samples collected before and following the AAE load at either baseline or 4-week follow-up were analyzed for biochemical markers, 1H-NMR metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The AAE was characterized using the placebo data only, and either the placebo or the treatment data were used in the validation. The AAE load generated a total of 50 correlations of 44 selected markers, based on Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of 105 differential markers. Subsequent mapping of selected markers onto the KEGG pathway dataset showed 127 pathways relevant to the AAE load. Of these, 54 pathways involving 18 key targets were annotated to be related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The biochemical responses were amplified with the AAE load as compared to those with no load, whereas, the metabolomic and transcriptomic responses were downgraded. Furthermore, target-pathway network analysis revealed that the AAE load provided more explanations on how KBR exerted antioxidant effects in healthy subjects (29 pathways involving 12 key targets with AAE vs. 12 pathways involving 2 key targets without AAE). This study provides considerable insight into the molecular changes incurred by AAE and furthers our understanding that AAE-induced homeostatic perturbation could magnify oxidative and inflammatory responses, thereby providing a unique opportunity to test functional foods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes in clinical settings with healthy subjects.
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Exosomes containing HIV protein Nef reorganize lipid rafts potentiating inflammatory response in bystander cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007907. [PMID: 31344124 PMCID: PMC6657916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection has a profound effect on “bystander” cells causing metabolic co-morbidities. This may be mediated by exosomes secreted by HIV-infected cells and containing viral factors. Here we show that exosomes containing HIV-1 protein Nef (exNef) are rapidly taken up by macrophages releasing Nef into the cell interior. This caused down-regulation of ABCA1, reduction of cholesterol efflux and sharp elevation of the abundance of lipid rafts through reduced activation of small GTPase Cdc42 and decreased actin polymerization. Changes in rafts led to re-localization of TLR4 and TREM-1 to rafts, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of exNef on lipid rafts and on inflammation were reversed by overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of Cdc42. Similar effects were observed in macrophages treated with exosomes produced by HIV-infected cells or isolated from plasma of HIV-infected subjects, but not with exosomes from cells and subjects infected with ΔNef-HIV or uninfected subjects. Mice injected with exNef exhibited monocytosis, reduced ABCA1 in macrophages, increased raft abundance in monocytes and augmented inflammation. Thus, Nef-containing exosomes potentiated pro-inflammatory response by inducing changes in cholesterol metabolism and reorganizing lipid rafts. These mechanisms may contribute to HIV-associated metabolic co-morbidities. HIV infects only a limited repertoire of cells expressing HIV receptors. Nevertheless, co-morbidities of HIV infection, such as atherosclerosis, dementia, renal impairment, myocardial pathology, abnormal haematopoiesis and others, involve dysfunction of cells that can not be infected by HIV. These co-morbidities persist even after successful application of antiretroviral therapy, when no virus is found in the blood. Many co-morbidities of HIV have a common element in their pathogenesis, impairment of cholesterol metabolism. In this study we show that HIV protein Nef released from infected cells in extracellular vesicles is taken up by un-infected (‘bystander’) cells impairing cholesterol metabolism in these cells. This impairment causes formation of excessive lipid rafts, re-localization of the inflammatory receptors into rafts, and triggers inflammation. These mechanisms may contribute to HIV-associated metabolic co-morbidities. Our work demonstrates how a single viral factor released from infected cells into circulation may cause a pleiotropy of pathogenic responses.
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Li H, Shen J, Wu T, Kuang J, Liu Q, Cheng S, Pu S, Chen L, Li R, Li Y, Zou M, Zhang Z, Jiang W, Qu A, He J. Irisin Is Controlled by Farnesoid X Receptor and Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31191305 PMCID: PMC6546903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) could regulate FNDC5/Irisin expression and the role of Irisin in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Methods and Results We treated primary human hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and Rhesus macaques with FXR agonist (CDCA, GW4064, and ivermectin). FNDC5 expression was highly induced by CDCA and GW4064 in hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and the circulating level of Irisin increased in Rhesus macaques. Luciferase reporter and CHIP assays were used to determine whether FXR could regulate FNDC5 promoter activity. Irisin-ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice were used to study the metabolic function of Irisin in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Irisin-ApoE-/- mice showed improved hyperlipidemia and alleviated atherosclerosis as compared with ApoE-/- mice. Irisin upregulated the expression of Abcg5/Abcg8 in liver and intestine, which increased the transport of biliary cholesterol and fecal cholesterol output. Conclusion Activation of FXR induces FNDC5 mRNA expression in human and increased the circulating level of Irisin in Rhesus macaques. FNDC5/Irisin is a direct transcriptional target of FXR. Irisin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihai Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Molecular Medicine Research Center - Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Update on the diagnosis, treatment and management of rare genetic lipid disorders. Pathology 2019; 51:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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40
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miR-449a induces EndMT, promotes the development of atherosclerosis by targeting the interaction between AdipoR2 and E-cadherin in Lipid Rafts. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2293-2304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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41
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Reynolds TM. Sitosterolaemia: a rare cause of accelerated atherosclerosis. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:863. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Adal M, Howe R, Kassa D, Aseffa A, Petros B. Associations of gender and serum total cholesterol with CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA load in antiretroviral-naïve individuals in Addis Ababa. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:943. [PMID: 30064395 PMCID: PMC6069861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Males are more susceptible than females to infections due to the differences in endocrine-immune interactions. Furthermore, it is reported that lowering cell cholesterol impairs viral replication and infection in vitro. However, the production of oxysterols in vivo by oxidation of cholesterol may result in inhibition of HIV replication. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the associations of gender and serum total cholesterol with CD4+ T cell counts and/or WHO clinical stages, and HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) load in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive study population with known sero-positive time of stay in Addis Ababa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2013 on 594 HIV-1 infected ART-naïve adult study participants in four hospitals Addis Ababa. CD4+ T-cell count, HIV RNA load, hemoglobin and fasting serum total cholesterol were determined. Socio-demographic characteristics, WHO clinical stages, and height and weight were collected from patients’ chart and triangulated by structured questionnaire. Pearson chi-square test, Spearman rank correlation and univariate and multivariate linear/logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine associations. Results Mean HIV RNA load was found to be lower in women than in men (p < 0.05). CD4+ T cell count and serum total cholesterol were found to be significantly correlated with HIV RNA load (p < 0.01). Women were at lower risk of having higher HIV RNA load in comparison to men. In addition, having lower concentrations of serum total cholesterol was found to be independent predictor of higher HIV RNA load in comparison to those with higher concentrations of cholesterol in serum (p < 0.05). The multivariate binomial logistic regression also showed that the immune status was better in women than men, and in the presence of higher serum total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Conclusion Gender and serum total cholesterol were found to be associated and independent predictors of HIV RNA load, and CD4+ cell count and/or WHO clinical stages. There is a significant lower HIV RNA load and better CD4+ T cell count in women and those study participants with higher serum total cholesterol. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5852-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Adal
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Kassa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Petros
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Singh PK, Khatri I, Jha A, Pretto CD, Spindler KR, Arumugaswami V, Giri S, Kumar A, Bhasin MK. Determination of system level alterations in host transcriptome due to Zika virus (ZIKV) Infection in retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11209. [PMID: 30046058 PMCID: PMC6060127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Zika virus (ZIKV) causes ocular complications such as chorioretinal atrophy, by infecting cells lining the blood-retinal barrier, including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To understand the molecular basis of ZIKV-induced retinal pathology, we performed a meta-analysis of transcriptome profiles of ZIKV-infected human primary RPE and other cell types infected with either ZIKV or other related flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and Dengue). This led to identification of a unique ZIKV infection signature comprising 43 genes (35 upregulated and 8 downregulated). The major biological processes perturbed include SH3/SH2 adaptor activity, lipid and ceramide metabolism, and embryonic organ development. Further, a comparative analysis of some differentially regulated genes (ABCG1, SH2B3, SIX4, and TNFSF13B) revealed that ZIKV induced their expression relatively more than dengue virus did in RPE. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of ABCG1, a membrane transporter of cholesterol, resulted in reduced ZIKV infectivity. Interestingly, the ZIKV infection signature revealed the downregulation of ALDH5A1 and CHML, genes implicated in neurological (cognitive impairment, expressive language deficit, and mild ataxia) and ophthalmic (choroideremia) disorders, respectively. Collectively, our study revealed that ZIKV induces differential gene expression in RPE cells, and the identified genes/pathways (e.g., ABCG1) could potentially contribute to ZIKV-associated ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Indu Khatri
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Centre, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alokkumar Jha
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Centre, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla D Pretto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine R Spindler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Manoj K Bhasin
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Centre, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Saenz J, Santa-María C, Reyes-Quiroz ME, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Sobrino F, Alba G. Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin Regulates the Expression of LXRα in THP-1 Macrophages by Modulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1735-1745. [PMID: 29140707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates the modulation of grapefruit flavonoid naringenin over liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and its target genes in THP-1 macrophages, focusing on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) implication. Naringenin induced LXRα at mRNA and protein levels besides influencing the expression of LXRα target genes ABCA1, ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1), and SREBP1c (sterol response element binding protein 1c) in THP-1 macrophages. The increased LXRα mRNA and protein expression was reverted when AMPK was inhibited by its chemical inhibitor, compound C or by transfection with AMPK α1 and α2 siRNA. Naringenin treatments were also able to promote reverse cholesterol transport in THP-1 cells, which is in line with the increase in the ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression found. Treatments with this flavonoid also inhibited cell migration in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, LXRα and its target genes are up-regulated by naringenin in an AMPK dependent manner in human macrophages. The enhancement in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux may reveal a new mechanism by which this polyphenol can prevent atherosclerosis and foam cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Saenz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - María Edith Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Isabel Geniz
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de Valme , Servicio Andaluz de Salud , 41001 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
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Pioglitazone attenuates aging-related disorders in aged apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 102:101-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Heo SH, Lee EH, Park HH, Kim BJ, Youn HC, Kim YS, Kim HY, Koh SH, Chang DI. Differences between the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ruptured and Non-Ruptured Carotid Plaques, and the Significance of ABCA1. J Stroke 2018; 20:80-91. [PMID: 29402067 PMCID: PMC5836578 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Carotid plaques are a strong risk factor for ischemic stroke, and plaque rupture poses an even higher risk. Although many studies have investigated the pathogenic mechanisms of carotid plaque formation, few have studied the differences in molecular mechanisms underlying the rupture and non-rupture of carotid plaques. In addition, since early diagnosis and treatment of carotid plaque rupture are critical for the prevention of ischemic stroke, many studies have sought to identify the important target molecules involved in the rupture. However, a target molecule critical in symptomatic ruptured plaques is yet to be identified. Methods A total of 79 carotid plaques were consecutively collected, and microscopically divided into ruptured and non-ruptured groups. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction array, proteomics, and immunohistochemistry were performed to compare the differences in molecular mechanisms between ruptured and non-ruptured plaques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the differences in ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) levels in the serum. Results The expression of several mRNAs and proteins, including ABCA1, was higher in ruptured plaques than non-ruptured plaques. In contrast, the expression of other proteins, including β-actin, was lower in ruptured plaques than non-ruptured plaques. The increased expression of ABCA1 was consistent across several experiments, ABCA1 was positive only in the serum of patients with symptomatic ruptured plaques. Conclusions This study introduces a plausible molecular mechanism underlying carotid plaque rupture, suggesting that ABCA1 plays a role in symptomatic rupture. Further study of ABCA1 is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyuk Heo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chul Youn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Il Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pedro MN, Rocha GZ, Guadagnini D, Santos A, Magro DO, Assalin HB, Oliveira AG, Pedro RDJ, Saad MJA. Insulin Resistance in HIV-Patients: Causes and Consequences. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:514. [PMID: 30233499 PMCID: PMC6133958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review how immune activation and insulin resistance contribute to the metabolic alterations observed in HIV-infected patients, and how these alterations increase the risk of developing CVD. The introduction and evolution of antiretroviral drugs over the past 25 years has completely changed the clinical prognosis of HIV-infected patients. The deaths of these individuals are now related to atherosclerotic CVDs, rather than from the viral infection itself. However, HIV infection, cART, and intestinal microbiota are associated with immune activation and insulin resistance, which can lead to the development of a variety of diseases and disorders, especially with regards to CVDs. The increase in LPS and proinflammatory cytokines circulating levels and intracellular mechanisms activate serine kinases, resulting in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation and consequently a down regulation in insulin signaling. While lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical interventions can be employed to treat these altered metabolic functions, the mechanisms involved in the development of these chronic complications remain largely unresolved. The elucidation and understanding of these mechanisms will give rise to new classes of drugs that will further improve the quality of life of HIV-infected patients, over the age of 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N. Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniela O. Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B. Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rogerio de Jesus Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mario J. A. Saad
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Zhong H, Chen K, Feng M, Shao W, Wu J, Chen K, Liang T, Liu C. Genipin alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice via miR-142a-5p/SREBP-1c axis. FEBS J 2017; 285:501-517. [PMID: 29197188 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disorder which plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Genipin (GNP) is a metabolite from genipioside, which is an active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, and has been recognized as a beneficial compound against metabolic disorders. However, whether it can correct overnutrition-induced dyslipidemia is still unknown. In this study, the effects of GNP on attenuating hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation were investigated using normal and obese mice induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) and primary hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids. We also sought to identify potential targets of GNP to mediate its effects in the liver. We found that obese mice treated with GNP showed a decrease in the body weight, serum lipid levels, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, GNP regulated hepatic expression levels of lipid metabolic genes, which are important in maintaining systemic lipid homeostasis. At the molecular level, GNP increased the expression levels of miR-142a-5p, which bound to 3' untranslated region of Srebp-1c, an important regulator of lipogenesis, which thus led to the inhibition of lipogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrated that GNP effectively antagonized HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Such effects were achieved by regulating miR-142a-5p/SREBP-1c axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Mengyang Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Li Y, Shen S, Ding S, Wang L. LincRNA DYN-LRB2-2 upregulates cholesterol efflux by decreasing TLR2 expression in macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1911-1921. [PMID: 28815701 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to determine whether lincRNA-DYNLRB2-2 could promote cholesterol efflux through regulating the expression of TLR2. THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxLDL for 48 h to induce the formation of foam cells, and ORO staining was performed and intracellular cholesterol contents were measured by HPLC assay. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Lentiviral vector LV-DYNLRB2-2 and lincRNA-DYNLRB2-2 siRNA was constructed to explore its potential role. The cholesterol efflux was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. The effects of TRL2 were determined in apoE-/- mice that fed a high fat diet and were randomly divided into three groups and infected with LV-Mock, LV-Sh-TRL2, or LV-TRL2. Atherosclerosis was observed in the aortic sinus and the levels of cytokines and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Ox-LDL induced foam cell formation in the THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. LincRNA DYN-LRB2-2 was upregulated in oxLDL-treated THP-1 and Raw264.7 cells. LincRNA-DYNLRB2-2 plays important role in regulating the cholesterol efflux, ABCA1 expression level and anti-inflammatory processes in THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. Further study indicated that lincRNA-DYNLRB2-2 negatively regulated TRL2 expression and TRL2 overexpression reversed the effects of lincRNA-DYNLRB2-2 on cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 expression level in THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. Besides, we found TRL2 plays important role in lipid accumulation, plaque formation and regulating serum inflammatory cytokines level in apoE-/- mice with a high fat diet. LincRNA DYN-LRB2-2 upregulates cholesterol efflux by decreasing TLR2 expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoukun Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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