1
|
Fu YF, Guo YX, Xia SH, Zhou TT, Zhao YC, Jia ZH, Zhang Y. Eldecalcitol protected osteocytes against ferroptosis of D-gal-induced senescent MLO-Y4 cells and ovariectomized mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112408. [PMID: 38521178 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active vitamin D analog eldecalcitol is clinically applied in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aims to determine the role of eldecalcitol in the protection of osteocytes from senescence and the associated ferroptosis. METHODS The MLO-Y4 osteocytes were exposed to D-gal inducing senescence. The ovariectomized (OVX) mice treated with D-gal using as an aging inducer were intraperitoneally injected with eldecalcitol. The multiplexed confocal imaging, fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy were applied in assessing osteocytic properties. Immunochemical staining and immunoblotting were carried out to detect abundance and expression of molecules. RESULTS The ablation of vitamin D receptor led to a reduction in amounts of osteocytes, a loss of dendrites, an increase in mRNA expression of SASP factors and in protein expression of senescent factors, as well as changes in mRNA expression of ferroptosis-related genes (PTGS2 & RGS4). Eldecalcitol reversed senescent phenotypes of MLO-Y4 cells shown by improving cell morphology and density, decreasing β-gal-positive cell accumulation, and down-regulating protein expression (P16, P21 & P53). Eldecalcitol reduced intracellular ROS and MDA productions, elevated JC-1 aggregates, and up-regulated expression of Nrf2 and GPX4. Eldecalcitol exhibited osteopreserve effects in D-gal-induced aging OVX mice. The confocal imaging displayed its improvement on osteocytic network organization. Eldecalcitol decreased the numbers of senescent osteocytes at tibial diaphysis by SADS assay and attenuated mRNA expression of SASP factors as well as down-regulated protein expression of senescence-related factors and restored levels of ferroptotic biomarkers in osteocytes-enriched bone fraction. It reduced 4-HNE staining area, stimulated Nrf2-positive staining, and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in osteocytes of mice as well as inhibited and promoted protein expression of 4-HNE and Nrf2, respectively, in osteocytes-enriched bone fraction. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the ameliorative effects of eldecalcitol on senescence and the associated ferroptosis of osteocytes, contributing to its preservation against osteoporosis of D-gal-induced senescent ovariectomized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fang Fu
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Xun Guo
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Hui Xia
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Experimental Research Center, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Yun-Chao Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Jia
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang 050035, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janubová M, Žitňanová I. The effects of vitamin D on different types of cells. Steroids 2024; 202:109350. [PMID: 38096964 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is neccessary for regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in bones, affects imunity, the cardiovascular system, muscles, skin, epithelium, extracellular matrix, the central nervous system, and plays arole in prevention of aging-associated diseases. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all types of cells and its activation leads to modulation of different signaling pathways. In this review, we have analysed the current knowledge of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 effects on metabolism of cells important for the function of the cardiovascular system (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells and pericytes), tissue healing (fibroblasts), epithelium (various types of epithelial cells) and the central nervous system (neurons, astrocytes and microglia). The goal of this review was to compare the effects of vitamin D on the above mentioned cells in in vitro conditions and to summarize what is known in this field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Janubová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ingrid Žitňanová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carbone F, Liberale L, Libby P, Montecucco F. Vitamin D in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2078-2094. [PMID: 36943351 PMCID: PMC10281557 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical findings linking vitamin D to cardiovascular (CV) risk have prompted consideration of its supplementation to improve overall health. Yet several meta-analyses do not provide support for the clinical effectiveness of this strategy. Meanwhile, the understanding of the roles of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of CV diseases has evolved. Specifically, recent work has revealed some non-classical pleiotropic effects of vitamin D, increasing the complexity of vitamin D signalling. Within particular microenvironments (e.g. dysfunctional adipose tissue and atherosclerotic plaque), vitamin D can act locally at cellular level through intracrine/autocrine/paracrine feedforward and feedback circuits. Within atherosclerotic tissues, 'local' vitamin D levels may influence relevant systemic consequences independently of its circulating pool. Moreover, vitamin D links closely to other signalling pathways of CV relevance including those driving cellular senescence, ageing, and age-related diseases-among them CV conditions. This review updates knowledge on vitamin D biology aiming to clarify the widening gap between experimental and clinical evidence. It highlights the potential reverse causation confounding correlation between vitamin D status and CV health, and the need to consider novel pathophysiological concepts in the design of future clinical trials that explore the effects of vitamin D on atherosclerosis and risk of CV events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takahashi K, Amano H, Urano T, Li M, Oki M, Aoki K, Amizuka N, Nakayama KI, Nakayama K, Udagawa N, Higashi N. p57Kip2 is an essential regulator of vitamin D receptor-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276838. [PMID: 36791055 PMCID: PMC9931147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, p57Kip2, is an important molecule involved in bone development; p57Kip2-deficient (p57-/-) mice display neonatal lethality resulting from abnormal bone formation and cleft palate. The modulator 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (l,25-(OH)2VD3) has shown the potential to suppress the proliferation and induce the differentiation of normal and tumor cells. The current study assessed the role of p57Kip2 in the 1,25-(OH)2VD3-regulated differentiation of osteoblasts because p57Kip2 is associated with the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Additionally, 1,25-(OH)2VD3 treatment increased p57KIP2 expression and induced the colocalization of p57KIP2 with VDR in the osteoblast nucleus. Primary p57-/- osteoblasts exhibited higher proliferation rates with Cdk activation than p57+/+ cells. A lower level of nodule mineralization was observed in p57-/- osteoblasts than in p57+/+ cells. In p57+/+ osteoblasts, 1,25-(OH)2VD3 upregulated the p57Kip2 and opn mRNA expression levels, while the opn expression levels were significantly decreased in p57-/- cells. The osteoclastogenesis assay performed using bone marrow cocultured with 1,25-(OH)2VD3-treated osteoblasts revealed a decreased efficiency of 1,25-(OH)2VD3-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in p57-/- cells. Based on these results, p57Kip2 might function as a mediator of 1,25-(OH)2VD3 signaling, thereby enabling sufficient VDR activation for osteoblast maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Showa University Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
| | - Hitoshi Amano
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Stomatology Department of Jining Medical University, Jining, and Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Meiko Oki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology and Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zha Y, Zhuang W, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li H, Liang J. Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:910580. [PMID: 35722104 PMCID: PMC9198250 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.910580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the primary cell type involved in the atherosclerosis process; senescent VSMCs are observed in both aged vessels and atherosclerotic plaques. Factors associated with the atherosclerotic process, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium-regulating factors, are closely linked to senescence in VSMCs. A number of experimental studies using traditional cellular aging markers have suggested that anti-aging biochemical agents could be used to treat atherosclerosis. However, doubt has recently been cast on such potential due to the increasingly apparent complexity of VSMCs status and an incomplete understanding of the role that these cells play in the atherosclerosis process, as well as a lack of specific or spectrum-limited cellular aging markers. The utility of anti-aging drugs in atherosclerosis treatment should be reevaluated. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle, exploring in depth the characteristics of each cell type associated with atherosclerosis, including VSMCs, and development of targeted drug delivery systems will ensure efficacy whilst evaluation of the safety and tolerability of drug use should be key aims of future anti-atherosclerosis research. This review summarizes the characteristics of VSMC senescence during the atherosclerosis process, the factors regulating this process, as well as an overview of progress toward the development and application of anti-aging drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zha
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongliang Li,
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jingyan Liang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mokhtari E, Hajhashemy Z, Saneei P. Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Hypertension and Pre-hypertension in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:829307. [PMID: 35360696 PMCID: PMC8961407 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.829307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Findings of observational studies that evaluated the association of serum vitamin D status and high blood pressure were contradictory. This meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies assessed the relation of serum vitamin D levels to hypertension (HTN) and pre-hypertension in adults. Methods We conducted a systematic search of all published articles up to March 2021, in four electronic databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (ISI), Embase and Scopus), and Google scholar. Seventy epidemiologic studies (10 prospective cohort, one nested case–control, and 59 cross-sectional investigations) that reported relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios, or prevalence ratios with 95% CIs for HTN or pre-hypertension in relation to serum vitamin D concentrations in adults were included in the analysis. Results In prospective studies, a 16% decrease in risk of hypertension was observed in participants with high levels of serum vitamin D compared to low levels (RR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73, 0.96; 12 effect sizes). Dose–response analysis in prospective studies revealed that each 25 nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D concentrations resulted in 5% reduced risk of HTN (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). Also, a significant nonlinear relationship between serum vitamin D levels and HTN was found (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). In cross-sectional investigations, highest vs. lowest level of serum vitamin D was related to reduced odds of HTN (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.79, 0.90; 66 effect sizes) and pre-hypertension (OR: 0.75; 0.95%CI: 0.68, 0.83; 9 effect sizes). Dose–response analysis in these studies showed that each 25 nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D levels was related to a significant 6% reduction in odds of hypertension in all populations (RR: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90, 0.99) and 3% in studies with representative populations (RR: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99). Conclusion This meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies disclosed that serum vitamin D concentrations were inversely related to the risk of HTN in adults, in a dose–response manner in both prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies. Systematic Review Registration:http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero, identifier: CRD42021251513.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mokhtari
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvane Saneei ;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Shi L, Lin Y, Zhang M, Chen F, Li A, Liu Y. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:604-609. [PMID: 34999719 PMCID: PMC9287164 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D), a kind of active vitamin D in the human body, plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low serum 25(OH) D levels have been found to be associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in adults. However, measurement of 25(OH) D in hypertensive children has not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH) D and target organ damage (TOD) in children with essential hypertension. We recruited a total of 346 children with essential hypertension and analyzed the correlation between serum 25(OH) D and TOD. Serum 25(OH) D concentration was significantly lower in the TOD than in the no-TOD group (t = 2.416, P = 0.016), as well as significantly lower in the two-organ damage than in the single-organ damage group (t = 3.140, P = 0.002). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) indicated that serum 25(OH) D levels were negatively correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI; r = −0.110, P = 0.041) and albuminuria (r = −0.120, P = 0.026). Linear- regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH; β ± s.e. =−0.074 ± 0.036; 95% confidence interval [CI], − 0.145 to –0.003; P < 0.001) and renal damage (β ± s.e.= −0.018 ± 0.008; 95% CI, − 0.035 to –0.002; P = 0.004). In total, our data revealed that serum 25(OH) D was independently associated with hypertensive cardiac and renal damage, meaning that it was a risk factor for LVH and albuminuria in childhood hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Aijie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Epidemiological data predict a dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes and of diabetic retinopathy (DR) - the most common complication of diabetes-for which however we do not have so far effective tools for prevention and treatment. Since hypovitaminosis D is very frequent in patients with diabetes and vitamin D (VD) has vascular protective properties, several studies have addressed the association of VD deficiency with DR and its severity and progression, whereas the effects of VD supplementation on its natural history are largely unknown. Here we review the available evidence that supports the possible protective role of VD in DR and suggests to determine the VD levels in DR patients calling for a definitive randomized clinical trial to ascertain whether VD supplementation could protect against DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tecilazich
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi L, Zhang Q, Song SN, Ma L, Chang Q, Zhang SY. Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and arterial elasticity in middle-aged and elderly cadres in Guiyang, China: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25826. [PMID: 33950991 PMCID: PMC8104250 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] levels may be associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 25-(OH) D levels and blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, and arterial elasticity in middle-aged and elderly cadres in China.In this retrospective study, we included 401 civil servants and cadres aged >42 years who underwent medical examinations at Guiyang Municipal First People's Hospital, China in 2018. The participants were assigned to deficiency (≤20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) groups according to 25-(OH) D levels in their blood. Demographics, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), BP, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and blood lipids were compared among groups. The associations between 25-(OH) D and other parameters were evaluated using linear regression analysis.Median (range) 25-(OH) D levels in the deficiency (n = 162), insufficiency (n = 162), and sufficiency (n = 77) groups were 15.32 (2.93-19.88), 25.12 (20.07-29.91), and 33.91 (30.23-82.42) ng/mL, respectively. There were significant differences in systolic BP, pulse pressure, baPWV (left and right sides), ABI (left side), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGs; all P < .05) among groups. Multivariate linear regression revealed that TG, left baPWV, and right baPWV were significantly negatively correlated with 25-(OH) D levels (all P < .05).In this study, 25-(OH) D levels were found to be associated with TG, left baPWV, and right baPWV values. 25-(OH) D deficiency may be associated with reduced arterial elasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shi
- Department of General Medicine, Guiyang First People's Hospital
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Sai-Nan Song
- Department of General Medicine, Guiyang First People's Hospital
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of General Medicine, Guiyang First People's Hospital
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of General Medicine, Guiyang First People's Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Surdu AM, Pînzariu O, Ciobanu DM, Negru AG, Căinap SS, Lazea C, Iacob D, Săraci G, Tirinescu D, Borda IM, Cismaru G. Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:172. [PMID: 33572397 PMCID: PMC7916166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mihai Surdu
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Pînzariu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Endocrinology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina-Gabriela Negru
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Simona-Sorana Căinap
- Pediatric Clinic No 2, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- Pediatric Clinic No 1, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Iacob
- Pediatric Clinic No 3, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - George Săraci
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Nephrology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ileana Monica Borda
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Cismaru
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma D, Zheng B, Liu HL, Zhao YB, Liu X, Zhang XH, Li Q, Shi WB, Suzuki T, Wen JK. Klf5 down-regulation induces vascular senescence through eIF5a depletion and mitochondrial fission. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000808. [PMID: 32817651 PMCID: PMC7462304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics has been linked to cellular senescence, which contributes to advanced age-related disorders, it is unclear how Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5), an essential transcriptional factor of cardiovascular remodeling, mediates the link between mitochondrial dynamics and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. Here, we show that Klf5 down-regulation in VSMCs is correlated with rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an age-related vascular disease. Mice lacking Klf5 in VSMCs exacerbate vascular senescence and progression of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA by facilitating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Klf5 knockdown enhances, while Klf5 overexpression suppresses mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, Klf5 activates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eIF5a) transcription through binding to the promoter of eIF5a, which in turn preserves mitochondrial integrity by interacting with mitofusin 1 (Mfn1). Accordingly, decreased expression of eIF5a elicited by Klf5 down-regulation leads to mitochondrial fission and excessive ROS production. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission decreases ROS production and VSMC senescence. Our studies provide a potential therapeutic target for age-related vascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - He-liang Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yong-bo Zhao
- Department of Cardiac surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiac surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-bo Shi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou YC, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Liu WC, Yen TH, Chen RM, Lin YF, Chao CT, Lu KC. The Role of Vitamin D in Modulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072466. [PMID: 32252330 PMCID: PMC7177675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, which involves the deposition of calcifying particles within the arterial wall, is mediated by atherosclerosis, vascular smooth muscle cell osteoblastic changes, adventitial mesenchymal stem cell osteoblastic differentiation, and insufficiency of the calcification inhibitors. Recent observations implied a role for mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in vascular calcification. Mesenchymal stem cells reside in the bone marrow and the adventitial layer of arteries. Endothelial progenitor cells that originate from the bone marrow are an important mechanism for repairing injured endothelial cells. Mesenchymal stem cells may differentiate osteogenically by inflammation or by specific stimuli, which can activate calcification. However, the bioactive substances secreted from mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to mitigate vascular calcification by suppressing inflammation, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and the Wingless-INT signal. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to vascular calcification. Vitamin D supplement has been used to modulate the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and to lessen vascular injury by stimulating adhesion and migration of endothelial progenitor cells. This narrative review clarifies the role of mesenchymal stem cells and the possible role of vitamin D in the mechanisms of vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung City 43304, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Nephrology division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei 108, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.C.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.C.); (K.-C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joukar F, Naghipour M, Hassanipour S, Salari A, Alizadeh A, Saeidi-Saedi H, Mansour-Ghanaei F. Association of Serum Levels of Vitamin D with Blood Pressure Status in Northern Iranian Population: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:99-104. [PMID: 32210606 PMCID: PMC7073441 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s244472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence in the last decades has indicated an association between vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure. The present study aimed to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is independently associated with blood pressure in a large population-based study. Methods The study was based on subjects from PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS), a prospective, population-based cohort study in Guilan, Iran. In 9520 men and women, aged 35-70 years, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted with adjustments for demographic factors (age and gender), anthropometric characteristics (waist circumference and body mass index), lifestyle variables (physical activity, alcohol, and smoking consumption), and renal function (serum creatinine). Results Fully adjusted linear regression analyses revealed a weak but statistically significant negative association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and systolic blood pressure (β = -0.02, 95% CI= -0.052 to -0.0001, P-value=0.04), whereas vitamin D status was not significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.01, 95% CI= -0.026 to 0.009, P-value=0.3). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status showed no significant association with the presence of hypertension (OR 1.09, 95% CI=0.94 to 1.25 for the lowest (25OHD <12 ng/mL) versus the highest (25OHD ≥20 ng/mL) category). Conclusion Lower serum vitamin 25 (OH) D levels were associated with higher systolic blood pressure; however, it was not associated with diastolic blood pressure and presence of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naghipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alizadeh
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Saeidi-Saedi
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu ML, Yu XJ, Zhao JQ, Du Y, Xia WJ, Su Q, Du MM, Yang Q, Qi J, Li Y, Zhou SW, Zhu GQ, Li HB, Kang YM. Calcitriol ameliorated autonomic dysfunction and hypertension by down-regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of SHR. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114950. [PMID: 32147540 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays crucial roles in central cardiovascular regulation. Increasing evidence in humans and rodents shows that vitamin D intake is important for achieving optimal cardiovascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, improves autonomic and cardiovascular function in hypertensive rats and whether PVN oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in these beneficial effects. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with either calcitriol (40 ng/day) or vehicle (0.11 μL/h) through chronic PVN infusion for 4 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously by radiotelemetry. PVN tissue, heart and plasma were collected for molecular and histological analysis. Compared to WKY rats, SHR exhibited increased systolic blood pressure, sympathetic drive, and cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. These were associated with higher mRNA and protein expression levels of high mobility box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), proinflammatory cytokines, NADPH oxidase subunit in the PVN. In addition, increased norepinephrine in plasma, elevated reactive oxygen species levels and activation of microglia in the PVN were also observed in SHR. Chronic calcitriol treatment ameliorated these changes but not in WKY rats. Our results demonstrate that chronic infusion of calcitriol in the PVN ameliorates hypertensive responses, sympathoexcitation and retains cardiovascular function in SHR. Reduced inflammation and oxidative stress within the PVN are involved in these calcitriol-induced effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meng-Meng Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu JW, Liu JH, Xiao HN, Yang YF, Dong WJ, Zhang QB, Liu L, He CS, Wu BH. Relationship between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and arterial stiffness in elderly Chinese with non-dipper hypertension: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19200. [PMID: 32049858 PMCID: PMC7035115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly individuals with non-dipper hypertension are at high risk of cardiovascular disease because of increased stiffness of peripheral arteries. Since, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in elderly Chinese. We examined whether reduced plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may help promote this stiffness.Hypertensive patients at least 60 years old without history of peripheral arterial disease at our hospital were retrospectively divided into dipper and non-dipper groups according to the results of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Peripheral arterial stiffness was measured based on the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).Of the 155 patients enrolled, 95 (61.3%) were diagnosed with non-dipper hypertension and these patients had significantly lower plasma levels of 25(OH)D than the 60 patients with dipper hypertension (19.58 ± 5.97 vs 24.36 ± 6.95 nmol/L, P < .01) as well as significantly higher CAVI (8.46 ± 1.65 vs 7.56 ± 1.08 m/s, P < .01). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common among non-dipper patients (57.9% vs 31.7%, P < .01). Multivariate regression showed that age and 25(OH)D were independently related to CAVI, with each 1-ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D associated with a CAVI increase of +0.04 m/s.Non-dipper hypertension is associated with vitamin D deficiency and reduced plasma levels of 25(OH)D. The latter may contribute to stiffening of peripheral arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Gu
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| | - Ju-Hua Liu
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Neng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| | - Yun-Feng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| | - Wen-Ju Dong
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| | - Quan-Bo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| | - Cheng-Shi He
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bi-Hua Wu
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Wang M, Xu W, Zhang H, Qian W, Li X, Cheng X. Active vitamin D supplementation alleviates initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by repressing the p53 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 241:117086. [PMID: 31756344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have found vitamin D deficiency promotes fat deposition into the hepatocytes, thus contributing to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of vitamin D on NAFLD with the involvement of the p53 pathway. METHODS Initially, an in vivo high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model was established. Then the HFD-induced NAFLD mice were treated with vitamin D. Next, the serum levels of TNF-α, GSH-px and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using ELISA and ROS content was evaluated by flow cytometry, followed by the measurement of expression of Duox1, Duox2, SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1 I, ACC, SREBP1c, MTTP, PPARα, p53, p21 and p16 using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Positive expression of FAS and FASL proteins was measured using immunohistochemistry. TUNEL and Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining were subsequently conducted to assess the senescence and apoptosis of hepatocytes. RESULTS HFD-induced mice treated with vitamin D presented with significantly increased GSH-px levels, as well as protein expression of SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1, MTTP and PPARα, but decreased MDA and ROS levels, expression of Duox1, Duox2, ACC, SREBP1c, p53, p21 and p16, positive expression of FAS and FASL proteins as well as impaired senescence and apoptosis of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Active vitamin D supplementation could potentially impede hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis via suppression of the p53 pathway, thus preventing the progression of NAFLD. Our study provides available evidence on the potential clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an 223400, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Applied Technology College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215325, PR China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Weihe Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, PR China.
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Role of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1/yin yang 2 signaling in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima hyperplasia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Valdivielso JM, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Pascual J, Barrios C, Bermúdez-López M, Sánchez-Niño MD, Pérez-Fernández M, Ortiz A. Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: More, Less, or Just Different? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1938-1966. [PMID: 31412740 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of premature mortality, mainly from cardiovascular causes. The association between CKD on hemodialysis and accelerated atherosclerosis was described >40 years ago. However, more recently, it has been suggested that the increase in atherosclerosis risk is actually observed in early CKD stages, remaining stable thereafter. In this regard, interventions targeting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, such as statins, successful in the general population, have failed to benefit patients with very advanced CKD. This raises the issue of the relative contribution of atherosclerosis versus other forms of cardiovascular injury such as arteriosclerosis or myocardial injury to the increased cardiovascular risk in CKD. In this review, the pathophysiogical contributors to atherosclerosis in CKD that are shared with the general population, or specific to CKD, are discussed. The NEFRONA study (Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en NEFrologia) prospectively assessed the prevalence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis (plaque in vascular ultrasound), confirming an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with moderate CKD. However, the adjusted odds ratio for subclinical atherosclerosis increased with CKD stage, suggesting a contribution of CKD itself to subclinical atherosclerosis. Progression of atherosclerosis was closely related to CKD progression as well as to the baseline presence of atheroma plaque, and to higher phosphate, uric acid, and ferritin and lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels. These insights may help design future clinical trials of stratified personalized medicine targeting atherosclerosis in patients with CKD. Future primary prevention trials should enroll patients with evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis and should provide a comprehensive control of all known risk factors in addition to testing any additional intervention or placebo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Valdivielso
- From the Vascular & Renal Translational Research Group and UDETMA, IRBLleida. Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (RedInRen. ISCIII), Lleida, Spain (J.M.V., M.B.-L.)
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Nephrology Unit, Fundación para la investigación del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, RedInRen, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (D.R.-P.)
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Mar for Medical Research, Hospital del Mar, RedInRen, Barcelona, Spain (J.P., C.B.)
| | - Clara Barrios
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Mar for Medical Research, Hospital del Mar, RedInRen, Barcelona, Spain (J.P., C.B.)
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- From the Vascular & Renal Translational Research Group and UDETMA, IRBLleida. Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (RedInRen. ISCIII), Lleida, Spain (J.M.V., M.B.-L.)
| | - Maria Dolores Sánchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, FRIAT and RedInRen, Madrid, Spain (M.D.S.-N., A.O.)
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, FRIAT and RedInRen, Madrid, Spain (M.D.S.-N., A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guijarro T, Magro-Lopez E, Manso J, Garcia-Martinez R, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Liste I, Zambrano A. Detrimental pro-senescence effects of vitamin D on lung fibrosis. Mol Med 2018; 24:64. [PMID: 30567504 PMCID: PMC6299997 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multiple biological effects of vitamin D and its novel activities on inflammation and redox homeostasis have raised high expectations on its use as a therapeutic agent for multiple fibrogenic conditions. We have assessed the therapeutic effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the biologically active form of vitamin D, in the context of lung fibrosis. Methods We have used representative cellular models for alveolar type II cells and human myofibroblasts. The extension of DNA damage and cellular senescence have been assessed by immunofluorescence, western-blot and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. We have also set up a murine model for lung fibrosis by intraperitoneal injections of bleomycin. Results Vitamin D induces cellular senescence in bleomycin-treated alveolar epithelial type II cells and aggravates the lung pathology induced by bleomycin. These effects are probably due to an alteration of the cellular DNA double-strand breaks repair in bleomycin-treated cells. Conclusions The detrimental effects of vitamin D in the presence of a DNA damaging agent might preclude its use as an antifibrogenic agent for pulmonary fibrosis characterized by DNA damage occurrence and cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Guijarro
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Magro-Lopez
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Manso
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Isabel Liste
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Zambrano
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Inflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123701. [PMID: 30469478 PMCID: PMC6321367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation is a common denominator in atherogenesis and related diseases. Solid evidence supports the occurrence of an impairment in the innate and adaptive immune system with senescence, favoring the development of acute and chronic age-related diseases. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD), in particular, are a leading cause of death even at older ages. Inflammation-associated mechanisms that contribute to CVD development include dysregulated redox and metabolic pathways, genetic modifications, and infections/dysbiosis. In this review, we will recapitulate the determinants and consequences of the immune system dysfunction at older age, with particular focus on the CV system. We will examine the currently available and potential future strategies to counteract accelerated CV aging, i.e., nutraceuticals, probiotics, caloric restriction, physical activity, smoking and alcohol cessation, control of low-grade inflammation sources, senolytic and senescence-modulating drugs, and DNA-targeting drugs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Velicky P, Meinhardt G, Plessl K, Vondra S, Weiss T, Haslinger P, Lendl T, Aumayr K, Mairhofer M, Zhu X, Schütz B, Hannibal RL, Lindau R, Weil B, Ernerudh J, Neesen J, Egger G, Mikula M, Röhrl C, Urban AE, Baker J, Knöfler M, Pollheimer J. Genome amplification and cellular senescence are hallmarks of human placenta development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007698. [PMID: 30312291 PMCID: PMC6200260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome amplification and cellular senescence are commonly associated with pathological processes. While physiological roles for polyploidization and senescence have been described in mouse development, controversy exists over their significance in humans. Here, we describe tetraploidization and senescence as phenomena of normal human placenta development. During pregnancy, placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the pregnant endometrium, termed decidua, to establish an adapted microenvironment required for the developing embryo. This process is critically dependent on continuous cell proliferation and differentiation, which is thought to follow the classical model of cell cycle arrest prior to terminal differentiation. Strikingly, flow cytometry and DNAseq revealed that EVT formation is accompanied with a genome-wide polyploidization, independent of mitotic cycles. DNA replication in these cells was analysed by a fluorescent cell-cycle indicator reporter system, cell cycle marker expression and EdU incorporation. Upon invasion into the decidua, EVTs widely lose their replicative potential and enter a senescent state characterized by high senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase activity, induction of a SA secretory phenotype as well as typical metabolic alterations. Furthermore, we show that the shift from endocycle-dependent genome amplification to growth arrest is disturbed in androgenic complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), a hyperplastic pregnancy disorder associated with increased risk of developing choriocarinoma. Senescence is decreased in CHM-EVTs, accompanied by exacerbated endoreduplication and hyperploidy. We propose induction of cellular senescence as a ploidy-limiting mechanism during normal human placentation and unravel a link between excessive polyploidization and reduced senescence in CHM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Velicky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Meinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Plessl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Children´s Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Haslinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lendl
- Biooptics Facility of Institute of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology and Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Aumayr
- Biooptics Facility of Institute of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology and Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mairhofer
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Birgit Schütz
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberta L. Hannibal
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Lindau
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrix Weil
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Neesen
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mikula
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Röhrl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander E. Urban
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Tasha and John Morgridge Faculty Scholar, Stanford Child Health Research Institute, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Baker
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Farhangi MA, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Hajiluian G, Nameni G, Shahabi P. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: the Ameliorative Effects of Vitamin D. Inflammation 2018; 40:1688-1697. [PMID: 28674792 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory disease and is associated with numerous comorbidities. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D administrations on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. In the beginning of the study, 40 rats were divided into two groups: normal diet and high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks; then, each group was subdivided into two groups including ND, ND + vitamin D, HFD, and HFD + vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation was done for 5 weeks at 500 IU/kg dosage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6 concentrations and markers of oxidative stress including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) concentrations in adipose tissue of rats were determined using ELISA kits and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Vitamin D treatment led to a significant reduction in adipose tissue TNF-α concentrations in both ND + vitamin D and HFD + vitamin D groups (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue MCP-1 concentration also reduced in HFD + vitamin D group compared with HFD group. Among markers of oxidative stress in adipose tissue, SOD and GPx concentrations significantly increased in adipose tissue of HFD + vitamin D treated group compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Reduced food intake and weight gain was also occurred after vitamin D treatment. Vitamin D improved adipose tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Vitamin D treatment was also associated with decreased food intake and decreased weight gain in animals under a high-fat diet. Further studies are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hajiluian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Nameni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abajo M, Betriu À, Arroyo D, Gracia M, Del Pino MD, Martínez I, Valdivielso JM, Fernández E. Mineral metabolism factors predict accelerated progression of common carotid intima-media thickness in chronic kidney disease: the NEFRONA study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:1882-1891. [PMID: 27566835 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The leading cause of premature death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is cardiovascular disease (CVD), but risk assessment in renal patients is challenging. The aim of the study was to analyse the factors that predict accelerated progression of common carotid intima-media thickness (CCIMT) in a CKD cohort after 2 years of follow-up (2010-12). Methods The study included 1152 patients from the NEFRONA cohort with CKD stages 3-5D and without a clinical history of CVD. CCIMT was measured at the far wall on both common carotids. CCIMT progression was defined as the change between CCIMT at baseline and at 24 months for each side, averaged and normalized as change per year. Accelerated progressors were defined as those with a CCIMT change ≥75th percentile. Results The median CCIMT progression rate was 0.0125 mm/year, without significant differences between CKD stages. The cut-off value for defining accelerated progression was 0.0425 mm/year. After adjustment, age was a common factor among all CKD stages. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and systolic blood pressure, were predictors of progression in CKD stages 4-5, whereas high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicted progression in women in stage 3. Mineral metabolism factors predicting accelerated progression were serum phosphorus in stages 3 and 5D; low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels >110 pg/mL in stages 4-5 and intact parathyroid hormone levels out of the recommended range in stage 5D. Conclusions Mineral metabolism parameters might predict accelerated CCIMT progression from early CKD stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abajo
- Nephrology Research Department, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) and REDINREN, Edificio Biomedicina 1. Lab B1-10, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Àngels Betriu
- Nephrology Research Department, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) and REDINREN, Edificio Biomedicina 1. Lab B1-10, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - David Arroyo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Gracia
- Nephrology Research Department, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) and REDINREN, Edificio Biomedicina 1. Lab B1-10, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Martínez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Galdakao, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Nephrology Research Department, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) and REDINREN, Edificio Biomedicina 1. Lab B1-10, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Nephrology Research Department, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) and REDINREN, Edificio Biomedicina 1. Lab B1-10, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cui X, Gooch H, Petty A, McGrath JJ, Eyles D. Vitamin D and the brain: Genomic and non-genomic actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:131-143. [PMID: 28579120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) is well-recognized as a neurosteroid that modulates multiple brain functions. A growing body of evidence indicates that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in brain development, neurotransmission, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts these functions in the brain are still unclear. Vitamin D signalling occurs via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a zinc-finger protein in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Like other nuclear steroids, vitamin D has both genomic and non-genomic actions. The transcriptional activity of vitamin D occurs via the nuclear VDR. Its faster, non-genomic actions can occur when the VDR is distributed outside the nucleus. The VDR is present in the developing and adult brain where it mediates the effects of vitamin D on brain development and function. The purpose of this review is to summarise the in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to characterise the genomic and non-genomic actions of vitamin D in the brain. Additionally we link these processes to functional neurochemical and behavioural outcomes. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning vitamin D signalling in the brain may prove useful in understanding the role this steroid plays in brain ontogeny and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Helen Gooch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Petty
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Levi-Vardi R, Yagil Y. Vitamin D, Hypertension, and Ischemic Stroke: An Unresolved Relationship. Hypertension 2017; 70:HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09570. [PMID: 28760946 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Levi-Vardi
- From the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel; and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Yoram Yagil
- From the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel; and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Osteocalcin Levels in Acute Aortic Dissection: A Pilot Study on Elderly Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6412531. [PMID: 28751822 PMCID: PMC5511647 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6412531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between degradation and reconstruction of the aortic wall is one of the leading causes of acute aortic dissection (AAD). Vitamin D seems an intriguing molecule to explore in the field of AAD since it improves endothelial function and protects smooth muscle cells from inflammation-induced remodeling, calcification, and loss of function, all events which are strongly related to the aging process. We quantified 25-hydroxy vitamin D, calcium, parathormone, bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin levels in 24 elderly AAD patients to identify a potential pathological implication of these molecules in AAD. Median 25-hydroxy vitamin D (10.75 ng/mL, 25th–75th percentiles: 6.86–19.23 ng/mL) and calcium levels (8.70 mg/dL, 25th–75th percentiles: 7.30–8.80 mg/dL) suggested hypovitaminosis D and a moderate hypocalcemia. Thirty-eight percent of AAD patients had severe (<10 ng/mL), 38% moderate (10–20 ng/mL), and 24% mild 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency (20–30 ng/mL). A significant inverse correlation was observed between 25OHD and osteocalcin levels. All the other molecules were unchanged. A condition of hypovitaminosis D associated to an increase in osteocalcin levels is present in AAD patients. The identification of these molecules as new factors involved in AAD may be helpful to identify individuals at high risk as well to study preventing strategies.
Collapse
|
27
|
High phosphate induces a pro-inflammatory response by vascular smooth muscle cells and modulation by vitamin D derivatives. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1449-1463. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease patients, high phosphate (HP) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Since serum phosphate has been independently correlated with inflammation, the present study aimed to investigate an independent direct effect of HP as a pro-inflammatory factor in VSMCs. A possible modulatory effect of vitamin D (VitD) was also investigated. The study was performed in an in vitro model of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Incubation of cells in an HP (3.3 mM) medium caused an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interleukins (ILs) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (not corroborated at the protein levels for ICAM-1), as well as an increase in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production. This was accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling as demonstrated by the increase in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells protein 65 (p65-NF-κΒ) assessed by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. Since all these events were attenuated by an antioxidant pre-incubation with the radical scavenger Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), it is suggested that the inflammatory response is upstream mediated by the ROS/RNS-induced activation of NF-κΒ. Addition of paricalcitol (PC) 3·10−8 M to cells in HP prevented the phosphate induced ROS/RNS increase, the activation of NF-κΒ and the cytokine up-regulation. A bimodal effect was observed, however, for different calcitriol (CTR) concentrations, 10−10 and 10−12 M attenuated but 10−8 M stimulated this phosphate induced pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, these findings provide novel mechanisms whereby HP may directly favour vascular dysfunctions and new insights into the protective effects exerted by VitD derivatives.
Collapse
|
28
|
Graziano S, Gonzalo S. Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:49-57. [PMID: 28073589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pelham CJ, Drews EM, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D controls resistance artery function through regulation of perivascular adipose tissue hypoxia and inflammation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:1-10. [PMID: 27374117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in human subjects is associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome and related risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate inversely with adiposity in obese and lean individuals. Bioactive vitamin D, or calcitriol, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes, preadipocytes and macrophages in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency alters the phenotype of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) leading to impaired function in resistance artery. To examine the effects of vitamin D and PVAT on vascular reactivity, myograph experiments were performed on arteries, with or without intact PVAT, from mice maintained on vitamin D-deficient, vitamin D-sufficient or vitamin D-supplemented diet. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in mice on vitamin D-deficient diet. Importantly, vitamin D deficiency enhanced angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and impaired the normal ability of PVAT to suppress contractile responses of the underlying mesenteric resistance artery to angiotensin II and serotonin. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency caused upregulation of the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its downstream target lysyl oxidase in mesenteric PVAT. Incubation of mesenteric arteries under hypoxic conditions impaired the anti-contractile effects of intact PVAT on those arteries from mice on vitamin D-sufficient diet. Vitamin D supplementation protected arteries against hypoxia-induced impairment of PVAT function. The protective effects of vitamin D against vascular dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases may be mediated, at least in part, through regulation of inflammatory and hypoxia signaling pathways in PVAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pelham
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Drews
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pedraza-Chaverri J, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H, Tapia E, Scholze A. New Pathogenic Concepts and Therapeutic Approaches to Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6043601. [PMID: 27429711 PMCID: PMC4939360 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease inflammatory processes and stimulation of immune cells result in overproduction of free radicals. In combination with a reduced antioxidant capacity this causes oxidative stress. This review focuses on current pathogenic concepts of oxidative stress for the decline of kidney function and development of cardiovascular complications. We discuss the impact of mitochondrial alterations and dysfunction, a pathogenic role for hyperuricemia, and disturbances of vitamin D metabolism and signal transduction. Recent antioxidant therapy options including the use of vitamin D and pharmacologic therapies for hyperuricemia are discussed. Finally, we review some new therapy options in diabetic nephropathy including antidiabetic agents (noninsulin dependent), plant antioxidants, and food components as alternative antioxidant therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Martorell S, Hueso L, Gonzalez-Navarro H, Collado A, Sanz MJ, Piqueras L. Vitamin D Receptor Activation Reduces Angiotensin-II-Induced Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1587-97. [PMID: 27283745 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the aortic wall. Low concentrations of vitamin D3 are associated with AAA development; however, the potential direct effect of vitamin D3 on AAA remains unknown. This study evaluates the effect of oral treatment with the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) ligand, calcitriol, on dissecting AAA induced by angiotensin-II (Ang-II) infusion in apoE(-/-) mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Oral treatment with calcitriol reduced Ang-II-induced dissecting AAA formation in apoE(-/-) mice, which was unrelated to systolic blood pressure or plasma cholesterol concentrations. Immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated a significant increase in macrophage infiltration, neovessel formation, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, chemokine (CCL2 [(C-C motif) ligand 2], CCL5 [(C-C motif) ligand 5], and CXCL1 [(C-X-C motif) ligand 1]) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in suprarenal aortic walls of apoE(-/-) mice infused with Ang-II, and all were significantly reduced by cotreatment with calcitriol. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB was also decreased in the suprarenal aortas of apoE(-/-) mice cotreated with calcitriol. These effects were accompanied by a marked increase in VDR-retinoid X receptor (RXR) interaction in the aortas of calcitriol-treated mice. In vitro, VDR activation by calcitriol in human endothelial cells inhibited Ang-II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, morphogenesis, and production of endothelial proinflammatory and angiogenic chemokines through VDR-RXR interactions, and knockdown of VDR or RXR abolished the inhibitory effects of calcitriol. CONCLUSIONS VDR activation reduces dissecting AAA formation induced by Ang-II in apoE(-/-) mice and may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent AAA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martorell
- From the Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain (S.M., L.H., H.G.-N., A.C., M.-J.S., L.P.); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.-J.S.); and Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Unit, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain (H.G.-N.)
| | - Luisa Hueso
- From the Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain (S.M., L.H., H.G.-N., A.C., M.-J.S., L.P.); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.-J.S.); and Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Unit, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain (H.G.-N.)
| | - Herminia Gonzalez-Navarro
- From the Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain (S.M., L.H., H.G.-N., A.C., M.-J.S., L.P.); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.-J.S.); and Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Unit, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain (H.G.-N.)
| | - Aida Collado
- From the Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain (S.M., L.H., H.G.-N., A.C., M.-J.S., L.P.); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.-J.S.); and Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Unit, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain (H.G.-N.)
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- From the Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain (S.M., L.H., H.G.-N., A.C., M.-J.S., L.P.); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.-J.S.); and Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Unit, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain (H.G.-N.).
| | - Laura Piqueras
- From the Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain (S.M., L.H., H.G.-N., A.C., M.-J.S., L.P.); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.-J.S.); and Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Unit, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain (H.G.-N.).
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
PTH and Vitamin D are two major regulators of mineral metabolism. They play critical roles in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis as well as the development and maintenance of bone health. PTH and Vitamin D form a tightly controlled feedback cycle, PTH being a major stimulator of vitamin D synthesis in the kidney while vitamin D exerts negative feedback on PTH secretion. The major function of PTH and major physiologic regulator is circulating ionized calcium. The effects of PTH on gut, kidney, and bone serve to maintain serum calcium within a tight range. PTH has a reciprocal effect on phosphate metabolism. In contrast, vitamin D has a stimulatory effect on both calcium and phosphate homeostasis, playing a key role in providing adequate mineral for normal bone formation. Both hormones act in concert with the more recently discovered FGF23 and klotho, hormones involved predominantly in phosphate metabolism, which also participate in this closely knit feedback circuit. Of great interest are recent studies demonstrating effects of both PTH and vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. Hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and kidney failure. Both hormones have direct effects on the endothelium, heart, and other vascular structures. How these effects of PTH and vitamin D interface with the regulation of bone formation are the subject of intense investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jalal Khundmiri
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eleanor Lederer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gracia M, Betriu À, Martínez-Alonso M, Arroyo D, Abajo M, Fernández E, Valdivielso JM. Predictors of Subclinical Atheromatosis Progression over 2 Years in Patients with Different Stages of CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 11:287-96. [PMID: 26668022 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01240215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ultrasonographic detection of subclinical atheromatosis is a noninvasive method predicting cardiovascular events. Risk factors predicting atheromatosis progression in CKD are unknown. Predictors of atheromatosis progression were evaluated in patients with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Our multicenter, prospective, observational study included 1553 patients with CKD (2009-2011). Carotid and femoral ultrasounds were performed at baseline and after 24 months. A subgroup of 476 patients with CKD was also randomized to undergo ultrasound examination at 12 months. Progression of atheromatosis was defined as an increase in the number of plaque territories analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalence of atheromatosis was 68.7% and progressed in 59.8% of patients after 24 months. CKD progression was associated with atheromatosis progression, suggesting a close association between pathologies. Variables significantly predicting atheromatosis progression, independent from CKD stages, were diabetes and two interactions of age with ferritin and plaque at baseline. Given that multiple interactions were found between CKD stage and age, phosphate, smoking, dyslipidemia, body mass index, systolic BP (SBP), carotid intima-media thickness, plaque at baseline, uric acid, cholesterol, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OH vitamin D), and antiplatelet and phosphate binders use, the analysis was stratified by CKD stages. In stage 3, two interactions (age with phosphate and plaque at baseline) were found, and smoking, diabetes, SBP, low levels of 25OH vitamin D, and no treatment with phosphate binders were positively associated with atheromatosis progression. In stages 4 and 5, three interactions (age with ferritin and plaque and plaque with smoking) were found, and SBP was positively associated with atheromatosis progression. In dialysis, an interaction between body mass index and 25OH vitamin D was found, and age, dyslipidemia, carotid intima-media thickness, low cholesterol, ferritin, and uric acid were positively associated with atheromatosis progression. CONCLUSIONS Atheromatosis progression affects more than one half of patients with CKD, and predictive factors differ depending on CKD stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gracia
- Experimental Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Àngels Betriu
- Experimental Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - David Arroyo
- Nephrology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - María Abajo
- Experimental Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José M Valdivielso
- Experimental Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
An efficacy of intensive vitamin D delivery to neointimal hyperplasia in recurrent vascular access stenosis. J Vasc Access 2015; 17:72-7. [PMID: 26429127 DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neointimal hyperplasia (NH) causes vascular access (VA) stenosis, which results in serious under-dialytic morbidity in hemodialysis patients. We sought to assess whether a vitamin D intervention to NH lesions leads to better VA patency and examined clinical and in vitro studies. METHODS A pilot clinical study of six hemodialysis patients was conducted to elucidate whether 0.5 μg calcitriol injection to stenotic lesion after balloon angioplasty (PTA) maintains better vessel patency until the next follow-up angiography. Localized vitamin D exposure was utilized by delivering and fixing calcitriol intensively at the stenotic lesion through a side-hole catheter with balloon clamping. We also performed vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) culture to detect both apoptosis (cell death detection assay) and cell viability (5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine incorporation), and explored the efficacy of vitamin D to inhibit VSMC proliferation. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to examine vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression at NH lesion, obtained from VA surgery. RESULTS Percent patency, the proportion between stenotic and non-stenotic vessel diameters, increased significantly (p = 0.03) after directly catheter-delivered 0.5 μg calcitriol administration. In vitro VSMC studies, 0.1 nM calcitriol significantly (p<0.05) enhanced apoptosis and cell-cycle inhibition for two different calcitriol exposure times (15 minutes and 24 hours). IHC staining revealed that VDR-positive hyperplastic cells were observed at NH lesion. CONCLUSIONS Intensive vitamin D exposure at NH lesion has an ability to inhibit further VSMC proliferation, and presumably leads to greater patency rate for recurrent VA stenosis. Further studies are needed to clarify whether its unique property is exhibited through VDR-mediated mechanism.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cellular Response upon Stress: p57 Contribution to the Final Outcome. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:259325. [PMID: 26491224 PMCID: PMC4600511 DOI: 10.1155/2015/259325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle is one of the most important decisions during the life of a cell and several kinds of stress are able to influence this choice. p57 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor belonging to the CIP/KIP family and is a well-known regulator of the cell cycle during embryogenesis and tissue differentiation. p57 loss has been reported in a variety of cancers and great effort has been spent during the past years studying the mechanisms of p57 regulation and the effects of p57 reexpression on tumor growth. Recently, growing amount of evidence points out that p57 has a specific function in cell cycle regulation upon cellular stress that is only partially shared by the other CIP/KIP inhibitors p21 and p27. Furthermore, it is nowadays emerging that p57 plays a role in the induction of apoptosis and senescence after cellular stress independently of its cell cycle related functions. This review focuses on the contribution that p57 holds in regulating cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence after cellular stress with particular attention to the response of cancer cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang CJ, McAllister MJ, Slusher AL, Webb HE, Mock JT, Acevedo EO. Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress: the Impact of Physical Activity and Diet Manipulation. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2015; 1:32. [PMID: 26435910 PMCID: PMC4580715 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (e.g., nitric oxide), has been linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease, including endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological functions including gene expression, cellular growth, infection defense, and modulating endothelial function. However, elevated ROS and/or diminished antioxidant capacity leading to oxidative stress can lead to dysfunction. Physical activity also results in an acute state of oxidative stress. However, it is likely that chronic physical activity provides a stimulus for favorable oxidative adaptations and enhanced physiological performance and physical health, although distinct responses between aerobic and anaerobic activities warrant further investigation. Studies support the benefits of dietary modification as well as exercise interventions in alleviating oxidative stress susceptibility. Since obese individuals tend to demonstrate elevated markers of oxidative stress, the implications for this population are significant. Therefore, in this review our aim is to discuss (i) the role of oxidative stress and inflammation as associated with obesity-related diseases, (ii) the potential concerns and benefits of exercise-mediated oxidative stress, and (iii) the advantageous role of dietary modification, including acute or chronic caloric restriction and vitamin D supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | | | - Aaron L Slusher
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA ; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Heather E Webb
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX USA
| | - J Thomas Mock
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Edmund O Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bozic M, Álvarez Á, de Pablo C, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ortiz A, Dolcet X, Encinas M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Impaired Vitamin D Signaling in Endothelial Cell Leads to an Enhanced Leukocyte-Endothelium Interplay: Implications for Atherosclerosis Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136863. [PMID: 26322890 PMCID: PMC4556440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation leading to leukocyte recruitment and adhesion plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Vitamin D has cardioprotective actions, while its deficiency is a risk factor for the progression of cardiovascular damage. Our aim was to assess the role of basal levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the early leukocyte recruitment and related endothelial cell-adhesion-molecule expression, as essential prerequisites for the onset of atherosclerosis. Knockdown of VDR in endothelial cells (shVDR) led to endothelial cell activation, characterized by upregulation of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6, decreased peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) rolling velocity and increased PBMC rolling flux and adhesion to the endothelium. shVDR cells showed decreased IκBα levels and accumulation of p65 in the nucleus compared to shRNA controls. Inhibition of NF-κB activation with super-repressor IκBα blunted all signs of endothelial cell activation caused by downregulation of VDR in endothelial cells. In vivo, deletion of VDR led to significantly larger aortic arch and aortic root lesions in apoE-/- mice, with higher macrophage content. apoE-/-VDR-/-mice showed higher aortic expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6 when compared to apoE-/-VDR+/+ mice. Our data demonstrate that lack of VDR signaling in endothelial cells leads to a state of endothelial activation with increased leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions that may contribute to the more severe plaque accumulation observed in apoE-/-VDR-/- mice. The results reveal an important role for basal levels of endothelial VDR in limiting endothelial cell inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Bozic
- Nephrology Research Department, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen de Pablo
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, UAM and IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Pathology Group, Pathology and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida and IRB Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida and IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Schulz
- From the 2 Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- From the 2 Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- From the 2 Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Andrés V. Vitamin D puts the brakes on angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and vascular smooth muscle cell senescence. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:444-7. [PMID: 25173069 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling via both vitamin D (VitD) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays important roles in physiological processes. Evidence has mounted linking cardiovascular disease to both increased activity of the RAS and VitD deficiency. Although several studies have established functional relationships between the RAS and VitD, many aspects of their complex interaction remain unknown. In this issue of Atherosclerosis, Valcheva and colleagues show that defective VitD signaling can promote vascular damage by inducing premature senescence of smooth muscle cells due to elevated local production of angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species, and upregulation of the tumor suppressor p57(Kip2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Andrés
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|