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Liu T, Wang X, Wang YM, Sui FR, Zhang XY, Liu HD, Ma DY, Liu XX, Guo SD. A comparative study of the hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action of Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:5955-5971. [PMID: 38738998 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of fucoidans exhibit species and regional diversity. Previous studies have demonstrated that Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans have type I and type II fucosyl chains, respectively. These chemical differences may contribute to distinct hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the percentage contents of sulfate, glucuronic acid, and galactose were higher in L. japonica-derived fucoidans than those of A. nodosum-derived fucoidans. In hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, both A. nodosum- and L. japonica-derived fucoidans significantly decreased the plasma and hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, leading to the reduction of atherosclerotic plaques. Western blotting experiments demonstrated that these fucoidans significantly enhanced the expression and levels of scavenger receptor B type 1, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, contributing to circulating lipoprotein clearance and fatty acid degradation, respectively. Differentially, L. japonica-derived fucoidan significantly increased the LXR/ATP-binding cassette G8 signaling pathway in the small intestine, as revealed by real-time quantitative PCR, which may lead to further cholesterol and other lipid excretion. Collectively, these data are useful for understanding the hypolipidemic mechanisms of action of seaweed-derived fucoidans, and their potential application for the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yan-Ming Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Feng-Rong Sui
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hai-Di Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Dong-Yue Ma
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.
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Chen MJ, Xu YT, Sun L, Wang ZH, Little PJ, Wang L, Xian XD, Weng JP, Xu SW. A novel mouse model of familial combined hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1316-1320. [PMID: 38459255 PMCID: PMC11130143 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the context of residual cardiovascular risk in post-statin era, emerging evidence from epidemiologic and human genetic studies have demonstrated that triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are causally related to cardiovascular risk. While, carriers of loss-of-function mutations of ApoC3 have low TG levels and are protected from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of translational significance, siRNAs/antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting ApoC3 is beneficial for patients with atherosclerotic CVD. Therefore, animal models of atherosclerosis with both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are important for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies targeting TG-lowering on top of traditional cholesterol-lowering. In this study, we constructed a novel mouse model of familial combined hyperlipidemia through inserting a human ApoC3 transgene (hApoC3-Tg) into C57BL/6 J mice and injecting a gain-of-function variant of adeno-associated virus-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (AAV-PCSK9)-D377Y concurrently with high cholesterol diet (HCD) feeding for 16 weeks. In the last 10 weeks, hApoC3-Tg mice were orally treated with a combination of atorvastatin (10 mg·kg-1·d-1) and fenofibrate (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). HCD-treated hApoC3-Tg mice demonstrated elevated levels of serum TG, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Oral administration of atorvastatin and fenofibrate significantly decreased the plaque sizes of en face aorta, aortic sinus and innominate artery accompanied by improved lipid profile and distribution. In summary, this novel mouse model is of considerable clinical relevance for evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic drugs by targeting both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun-de Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Ren Z, Wesselius A, Stehouwer CDA, Brouwers MCGJ. Cardiovascular Implications of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:459-468. [PMID: 37495337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have been associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), independent of confounders. Causality has recently been inferred by Mendelian randomization studies. Although these findings have contributed to current guidelines that recommend screening for and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, it not yet clear how to position NAFLD/MAFLD in cardiovascular risk estimation scores and, consequently, which treatment targets should be used. This review aims to provide practical tools as well as suggestions for further research in order to effectively prevent CVD events in patients with NAFLD/MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Ren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Loh WJ, Watts GF. The Inherited Hypercholesterolemias. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:511-537. [PMID: 35963626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inherited hypercholesterolemias include monogenic and polygenic disorders, which can be very rare (eg, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX)) or relatively common (eg, familial combined hyperlipidemia [FCH]). In this review, we discuss familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), FH-mimics (eg, polygenic hypercholesterolemia [PH], FCH, sitosterolemia), and other inherited forms of hypercholesterolemia (eg, hyper-lipoprotein(a) levels [hyper-Lp(a)]). The prevalence, genetics, and management of inherited hypercholesterolemias are described and selected guidelines summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wann Jia Loh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Victoria Square, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
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Abstract
Mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia usually results from multiple small-effect variants in genes that control triglyceride metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia is a critical component of the metabolic syndrome but can also occur secondary to several other conditions or drugs. Hypertriglyceridemia frequently is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are the mainstay of CVD prevention in hypertriglyceridemia, but eicosapentaenoic ethyl esters should be added in very-high-risk individuals. Although fibrates lower triglyceride levels, their role in CVD prevention remains unclear. Familial partial lipodystrophy is another relatively rare cause, although its true incidence is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican, Box 358062, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Abstract
Lipid disorders involving derangements in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, or both are commonly encountered in clinical practice and often have implications for cardiovascular risk and overall health. Recent advances in knowledge, recommendations, and treatment options have necessitated an updated approach to these disorders. Older classification schemes have outlived their usefulness, yielding to an approach based on the primary lipid disturbance identified on a routine lipid panel as a practical starting point. Although monogenic dyslipidemias exist and are important to identify, most individuals with lipid disorders have polygenic predisposition, often in the context of secondary factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. With regard to cardiovascular disease, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is essentially causal, and clinical practice guidelines worldwide have recommended treatment thresholds and targets for this variable. Furthermore, recent studies have established elevated triglycerides as a cardiovascular risk factor, whereas depressed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol now appears less contributory than was previously believed. An updated approach to diagnosis and risk assessment may include measurement of secondary lipid variables such as apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a), together with selective use of genetic testing to diagnose rare monogenic dyslipidemias such as familial hypercholesterolemia or familial chylomicronemia syndrome. The ongoing development of new agents-especially antisense RNA and monoclonal antibodies-targeting dyslipidemias will provide additional management options, which in turn motivates discussion on how best to incorporate them into current treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Berberich
- Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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Williams L, Baker-Smith CM, Bolick J, Carter J, Kirkpatrick C, Ley SL, Peterson AL, Shah AS, Sikand G, Ware AL, Wilson DP. Nutrition interventions for youth with dyslipidemia an national lipid association clinical perspective. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:776-796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patel RS, Pasea L, Soran H, Downie P, Jones R, Hingorani AD, Neely D, Denaxas S, Hemingway H. Elevated plasma triglyceride concentration and risk of adverse clinical outcomes in 1.5 million people: a CALIBER linked electronic health record study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:102. [PMID: 35681241 PMCID: PMC9185961 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the spectrum of disease risk associated with hypertriglyceridemia is needed to inform potential benefits from emerging triglyceride lowering treatments. We sought to examine the associations between a full range of plasma triglyceride concentration with five clinical outcomes. METHODS We used linked data from primary and secondary care for 15 M people, to explore the association between triglyceride concentration and risk of acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, new onset diabetes, myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality, over a median of 6-7 years follow up. RESULTS Triglyceride concentration was available for 1,530,411 individuals (mean age 56·6 ± 15·6 years, 51·4% female), with a median of 1·3 mmol/L (IQR: 0.9.to 1.9). Severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as > 10 mmol/L, was identified in 3289 (0·21%) individuals including 620 with > 20 mmol/L. In multivariable analyses, a triglyceride concentration > 20 mmol/L was associated with very high risk for acute pancreatitis (Hazard ratio (HR) 13·55 (95% CI 9·15-20·06)); chronic pancreatitis (HR 25·19 (14·91-42·55)); and high risk for diabetes (HR 5·28 (4·51-6·18)) and all-cause mortality (HR 3·62 (2·82-4·65)) when compared to the reference category of ≤ 1·7 mmol/L. An association with myocardial infarction, however, was only observed for more moderate hypertriglyceridaemia between 1.7 and 10 mmol/L. We found a risk interaction with age, with higher risks for all outcomes including mortality among those ≤ 40 years compared to > 40 years. CONCLUSIONS We highlight an exponential association between severe hypertriglyceridaemia and risk of incident acute and chronic pancreatitis, new diabetes, and mortality, especially at younger ages, but not for myocardial infarction for which only moderate hypertriglyceridemia conferred risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz S Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, 222 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DA, UK.
- London Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR University College, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Laura Pasea
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Handrean Soran
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Downie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Jones
- Global Medical Affairs, Akcea Therapeutics, Reading, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, 222 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- London Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR University College, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dermot Neely
- Academic Health Science Network North East and North Cumbria (AHSN), Newcastle, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, UCL, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, UCL, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
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Thongtang N, Sukmawan R, Llanes EJB, Lee ZV. Dyslipidemia management for primary prevention of cardiovascular events: Best in-clinic practices. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101819. [PMID: 35656215 PMCID: PMC9152805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a fundamental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and can worsen the prognosis, if unaddressed. Lipid guidelines are still evolving as dyslipidemia is affecting newer patient subsets. However, these guidelines are governed by regional demographics and ethnic data. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) are the first to offer treatment, and hence placed early in the healthcare continuum. PCPs shoulder a huge responsibility in early detection of dyslipidemia for primary prevention of future cardiovascular (CV) events. Therefore, as members of Cardiovascular RISk Prevention (CRISP) in Asia network, the authors intend to align and shape-up the daily clinical practice workflow for PCPs and have a goal-directed strategy for managing dyslipidemia. This paper reviews the major international lipid guidelines, namely the American and European guidelines, and the regional guidelines from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to identify their commonalities and heterogeneities. The authors, with a mutual consensus, have put forth, best in-clinic practices for screening, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyslipidemia, particularly to reduce the overall risk of CV events, especially in the Asian context. The authors feel that PCPs should be encouraged to work in congruence with patients to decide on best possible therapy, which would be a holistic approach, rather than pursuing a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Since dyslipidemia is a dynamic field, accumulation of high-quality evidence and cross-validation studies in the future are warranted to develop best in-clinic practices at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntakorn Thongtang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Renan Sukmawan
- Department of Cardiology & Vascular Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elmer Jasper B. Llanes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zhen-Vin Lee
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW : Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), defined by concurrently elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, has long been investigated to characterize its genetic basis. Despite almost half a century of searching, a single gene cause for the phenotype has not yet been identified. RECENT FINDINGS : Recent studies using next-generation genetic analytic methods confirm that FCH has a polygenic basis, with a clear large contribution from the accumulation of small-to-moderate effect common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome that is associated with raising TG, and probably also those raising LDL cholesterol. On the other hand, rare monogenic variants, such as those causing familial hypercholesterolemia, play a negligible role, if any. Genetic profiling suggests that patients with FCH and hypertriglyceridemia share a strong polygenic basis and show a similar profile of multiple TG-raising common SNPs. SUMMARY : Recent progress in genomics has shown that most if not all of the genetic susceptibility to FCH is polygenic in nature. Future research should include larger cohort studies, with wider ancestral diversity, ancestry-specific polygenic scores, and investigation of epigenetic and lifestyle factors to help further elucidate the causative agents at play in cases where the genetic etiology remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Kamel MS, Belal A, Aboelez MO, Shokr EK, Abdel-Ghany H, Mansour HS, Shawky AM, El-Remaily MAEAAA. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies of Some Novel Pyrrolo [2,3- b] Pyrrole Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072061. [PMID: 35408463 PMCID: PMC9000376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyrrole derivatives were synthesized and their hypolipidemic activity was assessed in hyperlipidemic rats. The chemical structures of the new derivatives were confirmed through spectral analysis. Compounds 5 and 6 were revealed to be the most effective hypolipidemic agents, with considerable hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects. They appear to be promising candidates for creating new powerful derivatives with anti-atherosclerotic and hypolipidemic properties. As for antimicrobial activity, some of the tested compounds showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: compound 2 revealed an MIC value of 50 μg/mL, compared to 25 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin. Compound 3 showed good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, comparable to ciprofloxacin, and roughly half the activity of ampicillin, according to MIC values. Compound 2 has an MIC approximately 25% of that of clotrimazole against Candida albicans. Compound 2 also showed the highest antioxidant activity with 59% inhibition of radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of these new derivatives 1–7 was investigated and most of them showed good anticancer activity against the three tested cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumen S. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.S.K.); (A.B.); , (M.O.A.); (M.A.E.A.A.A.E.-R.)
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.K.); (A.B.); , (M.O.A.); (M.A.E.A.A.A.E.-R.)
| | - Moustafa O. Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.K.); (A.B.); , (M.O.A.); (M.A.E.A.A.A.E.-R.)
| | - E. Kh. Shokr
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - H. Abdel-Ghany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Hany S. Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
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Mohanalakshmi S, Bhatt S, Ashok Kumar C. Enhanced antihyperlipidemic potential of gemfibrozil under co-administration with piperine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100021. [PMID: 34909656 PMCID: PMC8663971 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemfibrozil is a well-known potent antihyperlipidemic drug with the capacity to lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels, which are responsible for most cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, gemfibrozil has a potent activity at elevating the high density lipoprotein levels. However, this drug has a very short half-life of about 2 h and toxicity is observed in the liver as the dose increases. The drug piperine has the capacity to enhance the bioavailability of other drugs without altering their basic properties as well as improving their activity. In this study, we aimed to enhance the bioavailability of gemfibrozil as well as making it more potent and less toxic by applying piperine as a bio-enhancer. Thus, piperine was co-administered to rats with gemfibrozil and the antihyperlipidemic activity was tested when fed on a high fat diet. The results showed that co-administration of gemfibrozil with piperine decreased the elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels to normal, and they performed significantly better than the individual drugs. Weight gain was controlled effectively by drug administration together with piperine compared with other groups. Hepatic function analyses demonstrated that the potentiation of gemfibrozil did not alter the hepatic function but instead it improved significantly by normalizing the elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels. The plasma drug concentration of gemfibrozil was studied over time, where the enhanced activity of the drug reached its Cmax within 1 h of administration and the activated drug level was observed in the blood for 4 h. Gemfibrozil is a potent antihyperlipidemic drug with a short half-life. Piperine is used as a natural bio-enhancer to improve the activities of many drugs. Lipid lowering activity of gemfibrozil enhanced by administration with piperine. Piperine enhanced the liver function and plasma concentration of gemfibrozil. Peak plasma concentration of gemfibrozil improved within 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mohanalakshmi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Maharajpura (Opposite Airport), Gwalior, 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Maharajpura (Opposite Airport), Gwalior, 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C.K. Ashok Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Khanapur, Ibrahimpatam, Ranga Reddy Dist, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 501506, India
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Trinder M, Vikulova D, Pimstone S, Mancini GBJ, Brunham LR. Polygenic architecture and cardiovascular risk of familial combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2021; 340:35-43. [PMID: 34906840 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is one of the most common inherited lipid phenotypes, characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100 and triglycerides. The genetic inheritance of FCHL remains poorly understood. The goals of this study were to investigate the polygenetic architecture and cardiovascular risk associated with FCHL. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified individuals with an FCHL phenotype among 349,222 unrelated participants of European ancestry in the UK Biobank using modified versions of 5 different diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of the FCHL phenotype was 11.44% (n = 39,961), 5.01% (n = 17,485), 1.48% (n = 5,153), 1.10% (n = 3,838), and 0.48% (n = 1,688) according to modified versions of the Consensus Conference, Dutch, Mexico, Brunzell, and Goldstein criteria, respectively. We performed discovery, case-control genome-wide association studies for these different FCHL criteria and identified 175 independent loci associated with FCHL at genome-wide significance. We investigated the association of genetic and clinical risk with FCHL and found that polygenic susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia and features of metabolic syndrome were associated with greater prevalence of FCHL. Participants with an FCHL phenotype had a similar risk of incident coronary artery disease compared to participants with monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (adjusted hazard ratio vs controls [95% confidence interval]: 2.72 [2.31-3.21] and 1.90 [1.30-2.78]). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, rather than being a single genetic entity, the FCHL phenotype represents a polygenic susceptibility to dyslipidemia in combination with metabolic abnormalities. The cardiovascular risk associated with an FCHL phenotype is similar to that of monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, despite being ∼5x more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Trinder
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diana Vikulova
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Pimstone
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G B John Mancini
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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14
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Ashraf AP, Sunil B, Bamba V, Breidbart E, Brar PC, Chung S, Gupta A, Khokhar A, Kumar S, Lightbourne M, Kamboj MK, Miller RS, Patni N, Raman V, Shah AS, Wilson DP, Kohn B. Case Studies in Pediatric Lipid Disorders and Their Management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3605-3620. [PMID: 34363474 PMCID: PMC8787854 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Identification of modifiable risk factors, including genetic and acquired disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, is increasingly recognized as an opportunity to prevent premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in at-risk youth. Pediatric endocrinologists are at the forefront of this emerging public health concern and can be instrumental in beginning early interventions to prevent premature CVD-related events during adulthood. AIM In this article, we use informative case presentations to provide practical approaches to the management of pediatric dyslipidemia. CASES We present 3 scenarios that are commonly encountered in clinical practice: isolated elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), combined dyslipidemia, and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment with statin is indicated when the LDL-C is ≥190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) in children ≥10 years of age. For LDL-C levels between 130 and 189 mg/dL (3.4-4.89 mmol/L) despite dietary and lifestyle changes, the presence of additional risk factors and comorbid conditions would favor statin therapy. In the case of combined dyslipidemia, the primary treatment target is LDL-C ≤130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) and the secondary target non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <145 mg/dL (3.7 mmol/L). If the triglyceride is ≥400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L), prescription omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates are considered. In the case of triglyceride >1000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L), dietary fat restriction remains the cornerstone of therapy, even though the landscape of medications is changing. CONCLUSION Gene variants, acquired conditions, or both are responsible for dyslipidemia during childhood. Extreme elevations of triglycerides can lead to pancreatitis. Early identification and management of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika P Ashraf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Bhuvana Sunil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Vaneeta Bamba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Breidbart
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Preneet Cheema Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephanie Chung
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anshu Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Aditi Khokhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marissa Lightbourne
- Pediatric and Adult Endocrinology Faculty, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Manmohan K Kamboj
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ryan S Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21093, USA
| | - Nivedita Patni
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vandana Raman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Type 2 Diabetes Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Don P Wilson
- Cardiovascular Health and Risk Prevention, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Brenda Kohn
- Division Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesNYU Langone Medical Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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15
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Zakeri M, Safaiee MS, Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Ferns GA, Mobarhan MG, Pasdar A. Secondary findings from whole-exome sequencing data in families with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
During the interpretation of genome sequencing data, some types of secondary findings are identified that are located in genes that do not appear to be related to the causes of the primary disease. Although these are not the primary targets for evaluation, they have a high risk for some diseases different from the primary disease. Therefore, they can be vital for preventing and intervention from such disease.
Results
Here, we analyzed secondary findings obtained from WES in 6 families with FCHL disease who had an autosomal-dominant pattern based on their pedigrees. These finding are found in CDKAL1, ITGA2, FAM111A, WNK4, PTGIS, SCN10, TBX20, DCHS1, ANK2 and ABCA1 genes.
Conclusions
Secondary findings are very important and must be considered different variants from sequencing results in a diagnostic setting. Although we have considered these variants as secondary findings, some of them may be related to the primary disease.
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16
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Luo Q, Jin P, Li H, Cui K, Jiang T. Effects of Integrated Health Education Combined with Life Intervention on Patients with Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease Complicated with Hyperlipidemia. Am J Health Behav 2021; 45:843-848. [PMID: 34702431 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.45.5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we assessed the effects of integrated health education combined with life intervention on patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) complicated with hyperlipidemia. Methods: We selected 96 patients with CHD complicated with hyperlipidemia being treated in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2020, and assigned them to a control group (N=48) or a research group (N=48). Patients in the control group received integrated health education, whereas those in the research group were given integrated health education combined with life intervention. We measured outcomes, including blood lipid levels, electrocardiogram (ECG) recovery times, lengths of hospital stay, compliance with nursing intervention, and satisfaction with nursing care. Results: After intervention, the total effective rate of nursing in the research group was 93.75% which was higher than for the control group 79.17%. In the research group, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher than those in control group, and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower than that in control group. The length of hospital stay and ECG recovery time were longer than those in research group. The research group had a higher nursing compliance rate than did the control group (91.67% vs 75.00%), and satisfaction with nursing care also was lower in the control group than in the research group (77.08 % vs 91.67%) (p < .05). Conclusion: Integrated health education combined with life intervention has a better nursing effect on patients with CHD complicated with hyperlipidemia, and can contribute to controlling blood lipid level in the normal range, improve nursing satisfaction and compliance of patients, reduce the occurrence of adverse events, shorten the length of hospital stay, and accelerate recovery of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- Qiong Luo, Chief Doctor, Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Ping Jin, Chief Doctor, Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Hongping Li, Chief Doctor, Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Kun Cui, Chief Doctor, Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China;,
| | - Tianfeng Jiang
- Tianfeng Jiang, Chief Doctor, Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
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Genetics of Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) Disorder: An Update. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:453-481. [PMID: 34478023 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is one of the most common familial lipoprotein disorders of the lipoproteins, with a prevalence of 0.5% to 2% in different populations. About 10% of these patients suffer from cardiovascular disease and this number is increased by up to 11.3% in the young survivors of myocardial infarction and by 40% among all the survivors of myocardial infarction. Although initially thought to be that FCHL has an inheritance pattern of monogenic, the disease's etiology is still not fully understood and it appears that FCHL has a complex pattern related to genetic variants, environmental factors, and lifestyles. Two strategies have been used to identify its complex genetic background: candidate gene and the linkage approach, which have yielded an extensive list of genes associated with FCHL with a variable degree of scientific evidence. Until now, more than 30 different genetic variants have been identified related to FCHL. In this study, we aimed to review the individual genes that have been described in FCHL and how these genes and variants can be related to the current concept of metabolic pathways resulting in familial combined hyperlipidemia.
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18
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Advances in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:1-70. [PMID: 34462053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specific format of diagnostic testing that is conducted without accompanying infrastructure or sophisticated instrumentation. Traditionally, such rapid sample-to-answer assays provide inferior analytical performances to their laboratory counterparts when measuring cardiac biomarkers. Hence, their potentially broad applicability is somewhat bound by their inability to detect clinically relevant concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) in the early stages of myocardial injury. However, the continuous refinement of biorecognition elements, the optimization of detection techniques, and the fabrication of tailored fluid handling systems to manage the sensing process has stimulated the production of commercial assays that can support accelerated diagnostic pathways. This review will present the latest commercial POC assays and examine their impact on clinical decision-making. The individual elements that constitute POC assays will be explored, with an emphasis on aspects that contribute to economically feasible and highly sensitive assays. Furthermore, the prospect of POCT imparting a greater influence on early interventions for medium to high-risk individuals and the potential to re-shape the paradigm of cardiovascular risk assessments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Yue C, Li M, Li J, Han X, Zhu H, Yu G, Cheng J. Medium-, long- and medium-chain-type structured lipids ameliorate high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating inflammation, adipogenesis, and gut microbiota in ApoE -/- mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:5142-5155. [PMID: 32432606 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that medium-, long-, and medium-chain (MLM) structured lipids have anti-obesity effects, but whether they can alleviate the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and affect the composition of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice has not been elucidated. The present study found that MLM structured lipid supplementation could significantly decrease obesity-related parameters compared with high-fat diet alone in ApoE-/- mice. Additionally, MLM structured lipids could significantly decrease the blood glucose and increase the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Additionally, high-dose MLM structured lipids supplementation could reduce the area of atherosclerotic lesions and decrease the expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1 and CD68, which are related to inflammation in aortic tissue. Further analysis showed that MLM structured lipids could significantly reduce lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. The relative protein expression of SREBP-1, ACC, FAS, C/EBPα and PPARγ was decreased and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was increased in epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT) after MLM structured lipids treatment. Additionally, MLM structured lipids supplementation regulated the bacterial composition, including reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increasing the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Blautia and Anaerotruncus), decreasing the relative abundance of [Ruminococcus] torques group, Ruminiclostridium 9, Catenibacterium and [Eubacterium] fissicatena group. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between changes in the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis-related indices. The results demonstrated that the alleviating effects of MLM structured lipids supplementation on AS in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice were closely related to reshaping the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghui Yue
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Xu Han
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Guoping Yu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150036, China.
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20
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Vargas-Vázquez A, Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Mehta R, Cruz-Bautista I, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Comparative assessment of LDL-C and VLDL-C estimation in familial combined hyperlipidemia using Sampson's, Martin's and Friedewald's equations. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:46. [PMID: 33952259 PMCID: PMC8101115 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sampson et al. developed a novel method to estimate very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the setting of hypertriglyceridemia. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common primary dyslipidemia in which lipoprotein composition interferes with LDL-C estimation. This study aimed to evaluate performance of LDL-C using this new method (LDL-S) compared with LDL-C estimated by Friedewald's and Martin eq. (LDL-F, LDL-M) in FCHL. METHODS Data were collected from 340 subjects with confirmed FCHL. Concordance for VLDL-C measured by ultracentrifugation and LDL-C estimated using these measures compared to Sampson's, Martin's and Friedewald's equations was performed using correlation coefficients, root mean squared error (RMSE) and bias. Also, concordance of misclassified metrics according to LDL-C (< 70 and < 100 mg/dL) and Apo B (< 80 and < 65 mg/dL) thresholds were assessed. RESULTS Sampson's equation was more accurate (RMSE 11.21 mg/dL; R2 = 0.88) compared to Martin's (RMSE 13.15 mg/dL; R2 = 0.875) and the Friedewald's equation (RMSE 13.7 mg/dL; R2 = 0.869). When assessing performance according to LDL-C, Sampson's had highest correlation and lowest RMSE compared to other equations (RMSE 19.99 mg/dL; R2 = 0.840). Comparing performance strength across triglyceride levels, Sampson's showed consistently improved correlations compared to Martin's and Friedewald's formulas for increasing triglycerides and for the FCHL phenotype of mixed dyslipidemia. Sampson's also had improved concordance with treatment goals. CONCLUSIONS In FCHL, VLDL-C and LDL-C estimation using Sampson's formula showed higher concordance with lipid targets assessed using VLDL-C obtained by ultracentrifugation compared with Friedewald's and Martin's equations. Implementation of Sampson's formula could improve treatment monitoring in FCHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roopa Mehta
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Tec Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.
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21
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Shoman ME, Aboelez MO, Shaykhon MSA, Ahmed SA, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Elhady OM. New nicotinic acid-based 3,5-diphenylpyrazoles: design, synthesis and antihyperlipidemic activity with potential NPC1L1 inhibitory activity. Mol Divers 2021; 25:673-686. [PMID: 32067133 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid hydrazide was incorporated into new 4,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl derivatives. Compounds 6a-h were synthesized, and their antihyperlipidemic activity was evaluated in high cholesterol diet-fed rat model. Compounds 6e, 6f were found to decrease the levels of serum total cholesterol by 14-19% compared to control group. Total triglycerides were also reduced by 24-28% and LDL cholesterol by 16%. As expected from parent niacin, compounds 6e and 6f caused an elevation of HDL cholesterol by 33-41%. Docking study supported the ability of designed compounds to block NPC1L1 active site in a manner similar to that observed with ezetimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
| | - Montaser Sh A Shaykhon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M Elhady
- Department of Chemistry, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
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22
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Jarauta E, Bea-Sanz AM, Marco-Benedi V, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. Genetics of Hypercholesterolemia: Comparison Between Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Hypercholesterolemia Nonrelated to LDL Receptor. Front Genet 2020; 11:554931. [PMID: 33343620 PMCID: PMC7744656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.554931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hypercholesterolemia (HC) is defined as an elevation of total cholesterol (TC) due to the increase in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) >95th percentile or 190 mg/dl. The high values of LDL-C, especially when it is maintained over time, is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), mostly expressed as ischemic heart disease (IHD). One of the best characterized forms of severe HC, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is caused by the presence of a major variant in one gene (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, or ApoE), with an autosomal codominant pattern of inheritance, causing an extreme elevation of LDL-C and early IHD. Nevertheless, an important proportion of serious HC cases, denominated polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH), may be attributed to the small additive effect of a number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), located along the whole genome. The diagnosis, prevalence, and cardiovascular risk associated with PH has not been fully established at the moment. Cascade screening to detect a specific genetic defect is advised in all first- and second-degree relatives of subjects with FH. Conversely, in the rest of cases of HC, it is only advised to screen high values of LDL-C in first-degree relatives since there is not a consensus for the genetic diagnosis of PH. FH is associated with the highest cardiovascular risk, followed by PH and other forms of HC. Early detection and initiation of high-intensity lipid-lowering treatment is proposed in all subjects with severe HC for the primary prevention of ASCVD, with an objective of LDL-C <100 mg/dl or a decrease of at least 50%. A more aggressive reduction in LDL-C is necessary in HC subjects who associate personal history of ASCVD or other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Jarauta
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry a Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Ma Bea-Sanz
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedi
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry a Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the exception of familial hypercholesterolaemia, the value of genetic testing for managing dyslipidaemias is not established. We review the genetics of major dyslipidaemias in context of clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia is valuable to enhance diagnostic precision, cascade testing, risk prediction and the use of new medications. Hypertriglyceridaemia may be caused by rare recessive monogenic, or by polygenic, gene variants; genetic testing may be useful in the former, for which antisense therapy targeting apoC-III has been approved. Familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency is caused by specific genetic mutations, but there is no effective therapy. Familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) is caused by polygenic variants for which there is no specific gene testing panel. Familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia is less frequent and commonly caused by APOE ε2ε2 homozygosity; as with FCHL, it is responsive to lifestyle modifications and statins or/and fibrates. Elevated lipoprotein(a) is a quantitative genetic trait whose value in risk prediction over-rides genetic testing; treatment relies on RNA therapeutics. SUMMARY Genetic testing is not at present commonly available for managing dyslipidaemias. Rapidly advancing technology may presage wider use, but its worth will require demonstration of cost-effectiveness and a healthcare workforce trained in genomic medicine.
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Binder CJ, Borén J, Catapano AL, Dallinga-Thie G, Kronenberg F, Mallat Z, Negrini S, Raggi P, von Eckardstein A. The year 2019 in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 299:67-75. [PMID: 32248950 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Geesje Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Simona Negrini
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Brouwers MCGJ, de Graaf J, Simons N, Meex S, Ten Doeschate S, van Heertum S, Heidemann B, Luijten J, de Boer D, Schaper N, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ. Incidence of type 2 diabetes in familial combined hyperlipidemia. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001107. [PMID: 32193201 PMCID: PMC7103854 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is common among survivors of a premature myocardial infarction. FCHL patients are characterized by visceral obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a longitudinal cohort of FCHL pedigrees. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS FCHL patients, their unaffected relatives and spouses included in our baseline cohort in 1998-2005 (n=596) were re-invited to determine the incidence of self-reported T2D (that was confirmed by medical records), used as the primary outcome measure. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR) were used as markers of fatty liver and insulin resistance, respectively. A subset of the original cohort underwent ultrasound of the liver, and subcutaneous and visceral fat in 2002-2005 (n=275; 'ultrasound subcohort'). RESULTS Follow-up data (median: 15 years) was acquired for 76%. The incidence rate of T2D was significantly higher in FCHL patients compared with spouses (19.2 per 1000 person-years vs 2.8 per 1000 person-years; HR : 6.3, 95% CI: 2.4 to 16.8), whereas no differences were observed between unaffected relatives and spouses (HR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.3 to 2.6). Cox's proportional hazard regression analyses showed that baseline HOMA2-IR and FLI≥60, but not waist circumference, BMI, or the FCHL affected state, were independently associated with incident T2D. Similar results were obtained in the ultrasound subcohort (median follow-up: 11 years), in which baseline HOMA2-IR and fatty liver (assessed by ultrasound) were independently associated with incident T2D. CONCLUSION This study further corroborates the suggestion that the liver plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic complications in FCHL. It supports periodical screening for T2D in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Meex
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Ten Doeschate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shadana van Heertum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Britt Heidemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Luijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe de Boer
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Scutelnic A, Streit S, Sarikaya H, Jung S, Heldner MR. [Primary Prevention of Acute Stroke]. PRAXIS 2020; 109:277-289. [PMID: 32183656 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary Prevention of Acute Stroke Abstract. Strokes are frequent. Vascular risk factors are increasing the stroke risk. Most vascular risk factors are treatable. Their therapy is important in the primary prevention of stroke. According to the INTERSTROKE study, arterial hypertension, inactivity, overweight, dyslipidemia, smoking, unhealthy diet, cardiac pathologies such as major arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, stress/depression and overconsumption of alcohol are the most important treatable vascular risk factors. In this article, we will also report on at present less well known treatable vascular risk factors such as sleep apnea, atheromatosis of the aortic arch and of arteries supplying the brain, migraine with aura and chronic inflammatory disorders and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scutelnic
- Departement für Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital und Universität Bern, Bern
| | - Sven Streit
- Berner Institut für Hausarztmedizin (BIHAM), Inselspital, Universitätsspital und Universität Bern, Bern
| | - Hakan Sarikaya
- Departement für Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital und Universität Bern, Bern
| | - Simon Jung
- Departement für Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital und Universität Bern, Bern
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Departement für Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital und Universität Bern, Bern
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27
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Yin J, Wang J, Li F, Yang Z, Yang X, Sun W, Xia B, Li T, Song W, Guo S. The fucoidan from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:5124-5139. [PMID: 31364648 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is believed to attenuate hyperlipidemia and the progression of atherosclerosis. Although fucoidans are reported to have hypolipidemic effects, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Furthermore, few reports have revealed the anti-atherosclerotic effects and the underlying mechanisms of fucoidans. This study was designed to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanisms of the fucoidan from seaweed A. nodosum. Our results demonstrated that the fucoidan administration ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion and lipid profiles in a dose-dependent manner in the apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. In the apoE-/- mice liver, the fucoidan treatment significantly increased the expression of scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and β, liver X receptor (LXR) α, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and ABCG8; and markedly decreased the expression of PPARγ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, but not low-density lipoprotein receptor, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1, LXRβ and ABCG1. In the small intestine of the apoE-/- mice, the fucoidan treatment significantly reduced the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and dramatically improved ABCG8 levels. These results demonstrated for the first time that the fucoidan from A. nodosum attenuated atherosclerosis by regulating RCT-related genes and proteins expression in apoE-/- mice. In summary, this fucoidan from A. nodosum may be explored as a potential compound for prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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28
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Rämö JT, Ripatti P, Tabassum R, Söderlund S, Matikainen N, Gerl MJ, Klose C, Surma MA, Stitziel NO, Havulinna AS, Pirinen M, Salomaa V, Freimer NB, Jauhiainen M, Palotie A, Taskinen MR, Simons K, Ripatti S. Coronary Artery Disease Risk and Lipidomic Profiles Are Similar in Hyperlipidemias With Family History and Population-Ascertained Hyperlipidemias. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012415. [PMID: 31256696 PMCID: PMC6662358 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background We asked whether, after excluding familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) or triacylglyceride levels and a family history of the same hyperlipidemia have greater coronary artery disease risk or different lipidomic profiles compared with population‐based hyperlipidemias. Methods and Results We determined incident coronary artery disease risk for 755 members of 66 hyperlipidemic families (≥2 first‐degree relatives with similar hyperlipidemia) and 19 644 Finnish FINRISK population study participants. We quantified 151 circulating lipid species from 550 members of 73 hyperlipidemic families and 897 FINRISK participants using mass spectrometric shotgun lipidomics. Familial hypercholesterolemia was excluded using functional LDL receptor testing and genotyping. Hyperlipidemias (LDL‐C or triacylglycerides >90th population percentile) associated with increased coronary artery disease risk in meta‐analysis of the hyperlipidemic families and the population cohort (high LDL‐C: hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.48–2.04]; high triacylglycerides: hazard ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.09–1.74]). Risk estimates were similar in the family and population cohorts also after adjusting for lipid‐lowering medication. In lipidomic profiling, high LDL‐C associated with 108 lipid species, and high triacylglycerides associated with 131 lipid species in either cohort (at 5% false discovery rate; P‐value range 0.038–2.3×10−56). Lipidomic profiles were highly similar for hyperlipidemic individuals in the families and the population (LDL‐C: r=0.80; triacylglycerides: r=0.96; no lipid species deviated between the cohorts). Conclusions Hyperlipidemias with family history conferred similar coronary artery disease risk as population‐based hyperlipidemias. We identified distinct lipidomic profiles associated with high LDL‐C and triacylglycerides. Lipidomic profiles were similar between hyperlipidemias with family history and population‐ascertained hyperlipidemias, providing evidence of similar and overlapping underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Rämö
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Pietari Ripatti
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Rubina Tabassum
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- 2 Research Programs Unit Clinical and Molecular Metabolism University of Helsinki Finland.,3 Endocrinology Abdominal Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- 2 Research Programs Unit Clinical and Molecular Metabolism University of Helsinki Finland.,3 Endocrinology Abdominal Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Michal A Surma
- 4 Lipotype GmbH Dresden Germany.,5 Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development Wroclaw Poland
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- 6 Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO.,7 Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO.,8 McDonnell Genome Institute Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland.,9 National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland.,10 Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Finland.,16 Department of Public Health Clinicum Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- 9 National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- 11 Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles CA
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- 9 National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland.,12 Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Biomedicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland.,13 Program in Medical and Population Genetics and The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA.,14 Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit Department of Psychiatry, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Department of Medicine, and the Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- 2 Research Programs Unit Clinical and Molecular Metabolism University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Kai Simons
- 4 Lipotype GmbH Dresden Germany.,15 Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland.,13 Program in Medical and Population Genetics and The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA.,16 Department of Public Health Clinicum Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
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