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D’Elia JA, Weinrauch LA. Lipid Toxicity in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS). Biomedicines 2024; 12:978. [PMID: 38790940 PMCID: PMC11118768 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS) indicate that elevated concentrations of derivatives of phospholipids (ceramide, sphingosine), oxidized LDL, and lipoproteins (a, b) are toxic to kidney and heart function. Energy production for renal proximal tubule resorption of critical fuels and electrolytes is required for homeostasis. Cardiac energy for ventricular contraction/relaxation is preferentially supplied by long chain fatty acids. Metabolism of long chain fatty acids is accomplished within the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm and mitochondria by means of the glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid, and electron transport cycles. Toxic lipids and excessive lipid concentrations may inhibit cardiac function. Cardiac contraction requires calcium movement from the sarcoplasmic reticulum from a high to a low concentration at relatively low energy cost. Cardiac relaxation involves calcium return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum from a lower to a higher concentration and requires more energy consumption. Diastolic cardiac dysfunction occurs when cardiomyocyte energy conversion is inadequate. Diastolic dysfunction from diminished ATP availability occurs in the presence of inadequate blood pressure, glycemia, or lipid control and may lead to heart failure. Similar disruption of renal proximal tubular resorption of fuels/electrolytes has been found to be associated with phospholipid (sphingolipid) accumulation. Elevated concentrations of tissue oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterols are associated with loss of filtration efficiency at the level of the renal glomerular podocyte. Macroscopically excessive deposits of epicardial and intra-nephric adipose are associated with vascular pathology, fibrosis, and inhibition of essential functions in both heart and kidney. Chronic triglyceride accumulation is associated with fibrosis of the liver, cardiac and renal structures. Successful liver, kidney, or cardiac allograft of these vital organs does not eliminate the risk of lipid toxicity. Lipid lowering therapy may assist in protecting vital organ function before and after allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry A. Weinrauch
- Kidney and Hypertension Section, E P Joslin Research Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Omar AK, Li Puma LC, Whitcomb LA, Risk BD, Witt AC, Bruemmer JE, Winger QA, Bouma GJ, Chicco AJ. High-fat diet during pregnancy promotes fetal skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and insulin resistance in an ovine model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R523-R533. [PMID: 37642284 PMCID: PMC11178291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00059.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with offspring metabolic risk trajectory in humans and animal models, but the prenatal origins of these effects are less clear. We examined the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy on fetal skeletal muscle metabolism and metabolic risk parameters using an ovine model. White-faced ewes were fed a standardized diet containing 5% fat wt/wt (CON), or the same diet supplemented with 6% rumen-protected fats (11% total fat wt/wt; HFD) beginning 2 wk before mating until midgestation (GD75). Maternal HFD increased maternal weight gain, fetal body weight, and low-density lipoprotein levels in the uterine and umbilical circulation but had no significant effects on circulating glucose, triglycerides, or placental fatty acid transporters. Fatty acid (palmitoylcarnitine) oxidation capacity of permeabilized hindlimb muscle fibers was >50% higher in fetuses from HFD pregnancies, whereas pyruvate and maximal (mixed substrate) oxidation capacities were similar to CON. This corresponded to greater triacylglycerol content and protein expression of fatty acid transport and oxidation enzymes in fetal muscle but no significant effect on respiratory chain complexes or pyruvate dehydrogenase expression. However, serine-308 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 was greater in fetal muscle from HFD pregnancies along with c-jun-NH2 terminal kinase activation, consistent with prenatal inhibition of skeletal muscle insulin signaling. These results indicate that maternal high-fat feeding shifts fetal skeletal muscle metabolism toward a greater capacity for fatty acid over glucose utilization and favors prenatal development of insulin resistance, which may predispose offspring to metabolic syndrome later in life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with offspring metabolic risk trajectory in humans and animal models, but the prenatal origins of these effects are less clear. This study examined the effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy on metabolic risk parameters using a new sheep model. Results align with findings previously reported in nonhuman primates, demonstrating changes in fetal skeletal muscle metabolism that may predispose offspring to metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma K Omar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Lance C Li Puma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Briana D Risk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Aria C Witt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Jason E Bruemmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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3
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Wu T, Qu Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Liu X, Ma D. SIRT6: A potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23099. [PMID: 37462453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301012r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy can cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, abnormal death of myocardial cells, and myocardial remodeling. Mitochondrial homeostasis and normal lipid metabolism can effectively slow down the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies have shown that SIRT6 may play an important role in the pathological changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy such as myocardial cell death, myocardial hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the function of SIRT6 and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is of great significance for exploring and developing new targets and drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the latest findings of SIRT6 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the regulation of mitochondria and lipid metabolism by SIRT6 to explore potential clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Cellular Lipotoxicity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010183. [PMID: 36671568 PMCID: PMC9855893 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) represent major health issues that have reached alarming levels in the last decades. Although growing evidence demonstrates that AD is a significant comorbidity of T2D, and there is a ~1.4-2-fold increase in the risk of developing AD among T2D patients, the involvement of possible common triggers in the pathogenesis of these two diseases remains largely unknown. Of note, recent mechanistic insights suggest that lipotoxicity could represent the missing ring in the pathogenetic mechanisms linking T2D to AD. Indeed, obesity, which represents the main cause of lipotoxicity, has been recognized as a major risk factor for both pathological conditions. Lipotoxicity can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, ceramide and amyloid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis, and autophagy, which are shared biological events in the pathogenesis of T2D and AD. In the current review, we try to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the common molecular pathways activated by lipotoxicity in T2D and AD, attempting to summarize how these mechanisms can drive future research and open the way to new therapeutic perspectives.
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Li J, Zhao C, Liu M, Chen L, Zhu Y, Gao W, Du X, Song Y, Li X, Liu G, Lei L, Feng H. Nuciferine Ameliorates Nonesterified Fatty Acid-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lipid Accumulation, Apoptosis, and Impaired Migration via Activating LKB1/AMPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:443-456. [PMID: 36573646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) provoke various metabolic disorders and are associated with mammary tissue injury and decreased milk production in dairy cows. Nuciferine, an alkaloid found in Nelumbo nucifera leaves, has great potential for correcting lipid metabolism derangements and lipotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the lipotoxicity induced by excessive NEFA in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and investigated whether nuciferine alleviates NEFA-induced lipotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that excessive NEFA (1.2 and 2.4 mM) induced lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and migration ability impairment in bMECs, whereas nuciferine could ameliorate these disarrangements, as indicated by decreasing triglyceride content, protein abundance of SREBP-1c, cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 and increasing protein abundance of PPARα and migration ability. Moreover, nuciferine could reverse NEFA-induced LKB1/AMPK signaling inhibition, and the protective effect of nuciferine on lipotoxicity caused by NEFA was abrogated by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Furthermore, transfection with LKB1 siRNA (si-LKB1) largely abolished the activation effect of nuciferine on AMPK. Overall, nuciferine can protect bMECs from excessive NEFA-induced lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and impaired migration by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Linfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
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Yao S, Zhang X, Jin X, Yang M, Li Y, Yang L, Xu J, Lei B. Proteomic Profiling Reveals Increased Glycolysis, Decreased Oxidoreductase Activity and Fatty Acid Degradation in Skin Derived Fibroblasts from LHON Patients Bearing m.G11778A. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1568. [PMID: 36358916 PMCID: PMC9687919 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LHON is a common blinding inherited optic neuropathy caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes. In this study, by using skin fibroblasts derived from LHON patients with the most common m.G11778A mutation and healthy objects, we performed proteomic analysis to document changes in molecular proteins, signaling pathways and cellular activities. Furthermore, the results were confirmed by functional studies. A total of 860 differential expression proteins were identified, containing 624 upregulated and 236 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed increased glycolysis in LHON fibroblasts. A glycolysis stress test showed that ECAR (extra-cellular acidification rate) values increased, indicating an enhanced level of glycolysis in LHON fibroblasts. Downregulated proteins were mainly enriched in oxidoreductase activity. Cellular experiments verified high levels of ROS in LHON fibroblasts, indicating the presence of oxidative damage. KEGG analysis also showed the metabolic disturbance of fatty acid in LHON cells. This study provided a proteomic profile of skin fibroblasts derived from LHON patients bearing m.G11778A. Increased levels of glycolysis, decreased oxidoreductase activity and fatty acid metabolism could represent the in-depth mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by the mutation. The results provided further evidence that LHON fibroblast could be an alternative model for investigating the devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiuxiu Jin
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Liu W, Wang Q, Chang J, Bhetuwal A, Bhattarai N, Ni X. Circulatory Metabolomics Reveals the Association of the Metabolites With Clinical Features in the Patients With Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:848508. [PMID: 35899031 PMCID: PMC9309339 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.848508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy to the mother and fetus. As yet, the metabolic profiles and the association of the clinical features remain obscure. Methods: Fifty-seven healthy pregnant women and 52 patients with ICP were recruited in this study. Plasma samples were collected from pregnancies who received prenatal care between 30 and 36 weeks. Untargeted metabolomics to portray the metabolic profiles were performed by LC/MS. Multivariate combined with the univariate analysis was performed to screen out differential metabolites between the ICP and control groups. A de-biased sparse partial correlation (DSPC) network analysis of differential metabolites was conducted to explore the potential mutual regulation among metabolites on the basis of de-sparsified graphical lasso modeling. The pathway analysis was carried out using MetaboAnalyst. Linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze correlations of bile acid levels, metabolites, newborn weights, and pregnancy outcomes in ICP patients. Results: Conspicuous metabolic changes and choreographed metabolic profiles were disclosed: 125 annotated metabolites and 18 metabolic pathways were disturbed in ICP patients. DSPC networks indicated dense interactions among amino acids and their derivatives, bile acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. The levels of total bile acid (TBA) were increased in ICP patients with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) compared with those without MSAF. An abnormal tryptophan metabolism, elevated long chain saturated fatty acids and estrone sulfate levels, and a low-antioxidant capacity were relevant to increased bile acid levels. Newborn weights were significantly associated with the levels of bile acids and some metabolites of amino acids. Conclusion: Our study revealed the metabolomic profiles in circulation and the correlation of the metabolites with clinical features in ICP patients. Our data suggest that disturbances in metabolic pathways might be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medical, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jinxia Chang
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medical, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Anup Bhetuwal
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Nisha Bhattarai
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Ni,
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Katsouri IP, Vandervelpen EVG, Gattor AO, Engelbeen S, El Sayed A, Seitaj K, Becerra EDM, Vanderheyden PML. Complex FFA1 receptor (in)dependent modulation of calcium signaling by free fatty acids. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115150. [PMID: 35724691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of free fatty acid 1 receptors (FFA1R), activated by long chain fatty acids in human pancreatic β-cells and enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are an attractive target to treat type 2 diabetes. Yet several clinical studies with synthetic FFA1R agonists had to be discontinued due to cytotoxicity and/or so-called "liver concerns". It is not clear whether these obstructions are FFA1R dependent. In this context we used CHO-AEQ cells expressing the bioluminescent calcium-sensitive protein aequorin to investigate calcium signaling elicited by FFA1 receptor ligands α-linolenic acid (ALA), oleic acid (OLA) and myristic acid (MYA). This study revealed complex modulation of intracellular calcium signaling by these fatty acids. First these compounds elicited a typical transient increase of intracellular calcium via binding to FFA1 receptors. Secondly slightly higher concentrations of ALA substantially reduced ATP mediated calcium responses in CHO-AEQ cells and Angiotensin II responses in CHO-AEQ cells expressing human AT1 receptors. This effect was less pronounced with MYA and OLA and was not linked to FFA1 receptor activation nor to acute cytotoxicity as a result of plasma membrane perturbation. Yet it can be hypothesized that, in line with previous studies, unsaturated long chain fatty acids such as ALA and OLA are capable of inactivating the G-proteins involved in purinergic and Angiotensin AT1 receptor calcium signaling. Alternatively the ability of fatty acids to deplete intracellular calcium stores might underly the observed cross-inhibition of these receptor responses in the same cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Petrina Katsouri
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ebert Vinciane G Vandervelpen
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albert Owusu Gattor
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Engelbeen
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdulrahman El Sayed
- The International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klejdia Seitaj
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Daniel Morales Becerra
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2122856. [PMID: 35509833 PMCID: PMC9060988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid accumulation is commonly observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), which can create a lipotoxic microenvironment and damage cardiomyocytes. Lipid toxicity is an important pathogenic factor due to abnormal lipid accumulation in DC. As a lipid droplet (LD) decomposition barrier, Plin5 can protect LDs from lipase decomposition and regulate lipid metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that Plin5 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DC lipid toxicity, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance (IR) and has become a key target of DC research. Therefore, understanding the relationship between Plin5 and DC progression as well as the mechanism of this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and exploring new therapeutic targets. This review is aimed at exploring the latest findings and roles of Plin5 in lipid metabolism and DC-related pathogenesis, to explore possible clinical intervention approaches.
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10
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Zhao M, Wei H, Li C, Zhan R, Liu C, Gao J, Yi Y, Cui X, Shan W, Ji L, Pan B, Cheng S, Song M, Sun H, Jiang H, Cai J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Dong E, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1757. [PMID: 35365608 PMCID: PMC8976029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites. However, the specific metabolites and their pathophysiological contribution to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure progression still remain unclear. N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA), derived from trimethyllysine through the gut microbiota, was elevated with gradually increased risk of cardiac mortality and transplantation in a prospective heart failure cohort (n = 1647). TMAVA treatment aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. Decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart and contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and contractile dysfunction. Proteomics uncovered that TMAVA disturbed cardiac energy metabolism, leading to inhibition of FAO and myocardial lipid accumulation. TMAVA treatment altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration and FAO and inhibited carnitine metabolism. Mice with γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) deficiency displayed a similar cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, indicating that TMAVA functions through BBOX. Finally, exogenous carnitine supplementation reversed TMAVA induced cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest that the gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent FAO. Intestinal microbiota alterations may affect heart function through the production of gut-derived metabolites. Here the authors found that gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Shan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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11
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Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Molecular Mechanism of Lipotoxicity as an Interesting Aspect in the Development of Pathological States-Current View of Knowledge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050844. [PMID: 35269467 PMCID: PMC8909283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play numerous vital roles in the organism, such as contribution to energy generation and reserve, serving as an essential component of the cell membrane, or as ligands for nuclear receptors. However, the disturbance in fatty acid homeostasis, such as inefficient metabolism or intensified release from the site of storage, may result in increased serum FFA levels and eventually result in ectopic fat deposition, which is unfavorable for the organism. The cells are adjusted for the accumulation of FFA to a limited extent and so prolonged exposure to elevated FFA levels results in deleterious effects referred to as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. The nonobvious organs recognized as the main lipotoxic goal of action are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. However, lipotoxic effects to a significant extent are not organ-specific but affect fundamental cellular processes occurring in most cells. Therefore, the wider perception of cellular lipotoxic mechanisms and their interrelation may be beneficial for a better understanding of various diseases’ pathogenesis and seeking new pharmacological treatment approaches.
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12
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Curcumin Alleviates Palmitic Acid-Induced LOX-1 Upregulation by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in HUVECs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9983725. [PMID: 34471643 PMCID: PMC8405307 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9983725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive free fatty acid- (FFA-) induced endothelial lipotoxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is mechanistically related to endothelial lipotoxicity. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the major oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) receptor in endothelial cells and is highly abundant in atherosclerotic lesions. Curcumin reduces the LOX-1 expression; however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown. In the current study, we explored whether curcumin ameliorates palmitic acid- (PA-) induced endothelial lipotoxicity and LOX-1 upregulation by reducing ER stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We built endothelial lipotoxicity in vitro and found that LOX-1 was upregulated after PA stimulation, during which ER stress played an important role. Next, we observed that curcumin substantially alleviated PA-induced lipotoxicity by restoring cell viability, increasing angiogenesis, and decreasing lipid deposition. Furthermore, LOX-1 upregulation in HUVECs was blocked by curcumin, possibly via ER stress suppression. Overall, our findings demonstrated that curcumin alleviates endothelial lipotoxicity and LOX-1 upregulation, and ER stress inhibition may play a critical role in this effect.
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13
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Tao L, Zhang H, Wang H, Li L, Huang L, Su F, Yuan X, Luo M, Ge L. Characteristics of lipid droplets and the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis in the murine cervix during mid-pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:967-975. [PMID: 32693909 DOI: 10.1071/rd19425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are reservoirs of arachidonoyl lipids for prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis, and progesterone can stimulate PGE2 synthesis; however, the relationship between progesterone and LD metabolism in the murine cervix remains unclear. In the present study we examined LD distribution and changes in the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis and autophagy in the murine cervix during pregnancy, and compared the findings with those in dioestrous mice. During mid-pregnancy, LDs were predominantly distributed in the cervical epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed the transfer of numerous LDs from the basal to apical region in the luminal epithelium, marked catabolism of LDs, an elevated number of LDs and autophagosomes and a higher LD:mitochondrion size ratio in murine cervical epithelial cells (P<0.05). In addition, immunohistochemical and western blotting analyses showed significantly higher cAMP-dependent protein kinase, adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression, and a higher light chain 3 (LC3) II:LC3I ratio in the stroma and smooth muscles and, particularly, in murine cervical epithelial cells, during mid-pregnancy than late dioestrus. In conclusion, these results suggest that the enhanced lipolysis of LDs and autophagy in murine cervical tissues were closely related to pregnancy and were possibly controlled by progesterone because LD catabolism may be necessary for energy provision and PGE2 synthesis to maintain a closed pregnant cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Liuhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Feng Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China; and Corresponding author. ;
| | - Lijiang Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China; and Corresponding author. ;
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14
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Andrade ML, Gilio GR, Perandini LA, Peixoto AS, Moreno MF, Castro É, Oliveira TE, Vieira TS, Ortiz-Silva M, Thomazelli CA, Chaves-Filho AB, Belchior T, Chimin P, Magdalon J, Ivison R, Pant D, Tsai L, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S, Festuccia WT. PPARγ-induced upregulation of subcutaneous fat adiponectin secretion, glyceroneogenesis and BCAA oxidation requires mTORC1 activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158967. [PMID: 34004356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nutrient sensors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) closely interact in the regulation of adipocyte lipid storage. The precise mechanisms underlying this interaction and whether this extends to other metabolic processes and the endocrine function of adipocytes are still unknown. We investigated herein the involvement of mTORC1 as a mediator of the actions of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass, endocrine function, lipidome, transcriptome and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Mice bearing regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) deletion and therefore mTORC1 deficiency exclusively in adipocytes and littermate controls were fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks and evaluated for iWAT mass, lipidome, transcriptome (Rnaseq), respiration and BCAA metabolism. Adipocyte mTORC1 deficiency not only impaired iWAT adiponectin transcription, synthesis and secretion, PEPCK mRNA levels, triacylglycerol synthesis and BCAA oxidation and mRNA levels of related proteins but also completely blocked the upregulation in these processes induced by pharmacological PPARγ activation with rosiglitazone. Mechanistically, adipocyte mTORC1 deficiency impairs PPARγ transcriptional activity by reducing PPARγ protein content, as well as by downregulating C/EBPα, a co-partner and facilitator of PPARγ. In conclusion, mTORC1 and PPARγ are essential partners involved in the regulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue adiponectin production and secretion and BCAA oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maynara L Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Gilio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Perandini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert S Peixoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érique Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago E Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayna S Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene Ortiz-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Thomazelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thiago Belchior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deepti Pant
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Schönfeld P, Reiser G. How the brain fights fatty acids' toxicity. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105050. [PMID: 33945834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurons spurn hydrogen-rich fatty acids for energizing oxidative ATP synthesis, contrary to other cells. This feature has been mainly attributed to a lower yield of ATP per reduced oxygen, as compared to glucose. Moreover, the use of fatty acids as hydrogen donor is accompanied by severe β-oxidation-associated ROS generation. Neurons are especially susceptible to detrimental activities of ROS due to their poor antioxidative equipment. It is also important to note that free fatty acids (FFA) initiate multiple harmful activities inside the cells, particularly on phosphorylating mitochondria. Several processes enhance FFA-linked lipotoxicity in the cerebral tissue. Thus, an uptake of FFA from the circulation into the brain tissue takes place during an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure in the body, a situation similar to that during metabolic syndrome and fat-rich diet. Traumatic or hypoxic brain injuries increase hydrolytic degradation of membrane phospholipids and, thereby elevate the level of FFA in neural cells. Accumulation of FFA in brain tissue is markedly associated with some inherited neurological disorders, such as Refsum disease or X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). What are strategies protecting neurons against FFA-linked lipotoxicity? Firstly, spurning the β-oxidation pathway in mitochondria of neurons. Secondly, based on a tight metabolic communication between neurons and astrocytes, astrocytes donate metabolites to neurons for synthesis of antioxidants. Further, neuronal autophagy of ROS-emitting mitochondria combined with the transfer of degradation-committed FFA for their disposal in astrocytes, is a potent protective strategy against ROS and harmful activities of FFA. Finally, estrogens and neurosteroids are protective as triggers of ERK and PKB signaling pathways, consequently initiating the expression of various neuronal survival genes via the formation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schönfeld
- Institut für Biochemie und Zellbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Reiser
- Institut für Inflammation und Neurodegeneration (Neurobiochemie), Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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16
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Ruiz M, Khairallah M, Dingar D, Vaniotis G, Khairallah RJ, Lauzier B, Thibault S, Trépanier J, Shi Y, Douillette A, Hussein B, Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Nguyen A, Sahmi F, Gillis MA, Sirois MG, Gaestel M, Stanley WC, Fiset C, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK2-Deficient Mice Are Bradycardic and Display Delayed Hypertrophic Remodeling in Response to a Chronic Increase in Afterload. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e017791. [PMID: 33533257 PMCID: PMC7955338 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitogen‐activated protein kinase–activated protein kinase‐2 (MK2) is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38α/β. Herein, we examine the cardiac phenotype of pan MK2‐null (MK2−/−) mice. Methods and Results Survival curves for male MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice did not differ (Mantel‐Cox test, P=0.580). At 12 weeks of age, MK2−/− mice exhibited normal systolic function along with signs of possible early diastolic dysfunction; however, aging was not associated with an abnormal reduction in diastolic function. Both R‐R interval and P‐R segment durations were prolonged in MK2‐deficient mice. However, heart rates normalized when isolated hearts were perfused ex vivo in working mode. Ca2+ transients evoked by field stimulation or caffeine were similar in ventricular myocytes from MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice. MK2−/− mice had lower body temperature and an age‐dependent reduction in body weight. mRNA levels of key metabolic genes, including Ppargc1a, Acadm, Lipe, and Ucp3, were increased in hearts from MK2−/− mice. For equivalent respiration rates, mitochondria from MK2−/− hearts showed a significant decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Eight weeks of pressure overload increased left ventricular mass in MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice; however, after 2 weeks the increase was significant in MK2+/+ but not MK2−/− mice. Finally, the pressure overload–induced decrease in systolic function was attenuated in MK2−/− mice 2 weeks, but not 8 weeks, after constriction of the transverse aorta. Conclusions Collectively, these results implicate MK2 in (1) autonomic regulation of heart rate, (2) cardiac mitochondrial function, and (3) the early stages of myocardial remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Maya Khairallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Dharmendra Dingar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - George Vaniotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Thibault
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Joëlle Trépanier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell BiochemistryHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | | | - Céline Fiset
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
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17
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Miller CN, Dye JA, Henriquez AR, Stewart EJ, Lavrich KS, Carswell GK, Ren H, Freeborn DL, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Richards JH, Kodavanti PRS, Fisher A, Chorley BN, Kodavanti UP. Ozone-induced fetal growth restriction in rats is associated with sexually dimorphic placental and fetal metabolic adaptation. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101094. [PMID: 33031959 PMCID: PMC7588867 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The importance of the placenta in mediating the pre- and post-natal consequences of fetal growth restriction has been increasingly recognized. However, the influence of placental sexual dimorphism on driving these outcomes has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to characterize how sex contributes to the relationship between placental metabolism and fetal programming utilizing a novel rodent model of growth restriction. Methods Fetal growth restriction was induced by maternal inhalation of 0.8 ppm ozone (4 h/day) during implantation receptivity (gestation days [GDs] 5 and 6) in Long-Evans rats. Control rats were exposed to filtered air. At GD 21, placental and fetal tissues were obtained for metabolic and genomic assessments. Results Growth-restricted male placentae exhibited increased mitochondrial biogenesis, increased oxygen consumption, and reduced nutrient storage. Male growth-restricted fetuses also had evidence of reduced adiposity and downregulation of hepatic metabolic signaling. In contrast, placentae from growth-restricted females had elevated markers of autophagy accompanied by an observed protection against hepatic metabolic perturbations. Despite this, growth restriction in females induced a greater number of hypothalamic gene and pathway alterations compared to growth-restricted males. Conclusions Increases in mitochondrial metabolism in growth-restricted male placentae likely initiates a sequela of adaptations that promote poor nutrient availability and adiposity. Divergently, the female placenta expresses protective mechanisms that may serve to increase nutrient availability to support fetal metabolic development. Collectively, this work emphasizes the importance of sex in mediating alterations in placental metabolism and fetal programming. Peri-implantation exposure to the gaseous air pollutant ozone impairs fetal growth. Ozone-induced, growth-restricted male placentae have increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative consumption. Female growth-restricted placentae show increased inflammatory and autophagy-like responses. Placental metabolic adaptations to growth restriction were associated with sexually dimorphic perturbations in fetal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Janice A Dye
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Erica J Stewart
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Katelyn S Lavrich
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Dr., Keystone Building, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Gleta K Carswell
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Danielle L Freeborn
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Judy H Richards
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Prasada R S Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Anna Fisher
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Brian N Chorley
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: B105-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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18
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Lauterbach MA, Latz E, Christ A. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct and Mutual Effects of Diet and Inflammation in Shaping Systemic Metabolism in Ldlr-/- Mice. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090336. [PMID: 32824900 PMCID: PMC7570335 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in modern dietary habits such as consumption of Western-type diets affect physiology on several levels, including metabolism and inflammation. It is currently unclear whether changes in systemic metabolism due to dietary interventions are long-lasting and affect acute inflammatory processes. Here, we investigated how high-fat diet (HFD) feeding altered systemic metabolism and the metabolomic response to inflammatory stimuli. We conducted metabolomic profiling of sera collected from Ldlr−/− mice on either regular chow diet (CD) or HFD, and after an additional low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. HFD feeding, as well as LPS treatment, elicited pronounced metabolic changes. HFD qualitatively altered the systemic metabolic response to LPS; particularly, serum concentrations of fatty acids and their metabolites varied between LPS-challenged mice on HFD or CD, respectively. To investigate whether systemic metabolic changes were sustained long-term, mice fed HFD were shifted back to CD after four weeks (HFD > CD). When shifted back to CD, serum metabolites returned to baseline levels, and so did the response to LPS. Our results imply that systemic metabolism rapidly adapts to dietary changes. The profound systemic metabolic rewiring observed in response to diet might affect immune cell reprogramming and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (A.C.)
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19
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Tibolone Ameliorates the Lipotoxic Effect of Palmitic Acid in Normal Human Astrocytes. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:585-595. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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High fat diet impairs spermatogenesis by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in Sertoli cells. Life Sci 2020; 257:118028. [PMID: 32615185 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sertoli cells (SCs) play an important role in the process of spermatogenesis. SCs provide energy for germ cells (GCs) and themselves through glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) respectively. High fat diet (HFD) impairs spermatogenesis by damaging function of SCs, however whether HFD disrupts energy metabolism in SCs remains unclear. MAIN METHODS To explore this hypothesis, we built male Wistar rat model fed on HFD and cultured rats' primary SCs with palmitic acid (PA). Rats' fertility and sperm quality were evaluated in vivo. Glycolysis, lactate production and mitochondrial respiration were assessed by using extracellular flux analyzer, and the expression of enzymes involved in glucose and FAO was analyzed by Real-Time PCR or Western Blotting. KEY FINDINGS The showed that the sperm concentration and pups per litter significantly decreased in rats fed on HFD compared to those rats fed on normal diet. There was an elevation of lactate levels in testicular tissue of rats fed on HFD and primary SCs exposed to PA. In vitro, PA increased glycolytic flux, and lactate production, and the levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) and long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) which were two key enzymes for fatty acid β oxidation. Further analysis showed that mitochondrial respiration was impaired by PA, followed by the decrease in ATP turnover, maximal respiration and the increase in proton leak. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the elevated lactate level, lipid metabolism disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by HFD lead to SCs dysfunction, which ultimately leads to decreased sperm quality.
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21
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Leishmania Encodes a Bacterium-like 2,4-Dienoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase That Is Required for Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Intracellular Parasite Survival. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01057-20. [PMID: 32487758 PMCID: PMC7267886 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01057-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are protozoan parasites that cause a spectrum of important diseases in humans. These parasites develop as extracellular promastigotes in the digestive tract of their insect vectors and as obligate intracellular amastigotes that infect macrophages and other phagocytic cells in their vertebrate hosts. Promastigote-to-amastigote differentiation is associated with marked changes in metabolism, including the upregulation of enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, which may reflect adaptation to the intracellular niche. Here, we have investigated the function of one of these enzymes, a putative 2,4-dienoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (DECR), which is specifically required for the β-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Leishmania DECR shows close homology to bacterial DECR proteins, suggesting that it was acquired by lateral gene transfer. It is present in other trypanosomatids that have obligate intracellular stages (i.e., Trypanosoma cruzi and Angomonas) but is absent from dixenous parasites with an exclusively extracellular lifestyle (i.e., Trypanosoma brucei). A DECR-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized to the mitochondrion in both promastigote and amastigote stages, and the levels of expression increased in the latter stages. A Leishmania major Δdecr null mutant was unable to catabolize unsaturated fatty acids and accumulated the intermediate 2,4-decadienoyl-CoA, confirming DECR's role in β-oxidation. Strikingly, the L. major Δdecr mutant was unable to survive in macrophages and was avirulent in BALB/c mice. These findings suggest that β-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is essential for intracellular parasite survival and that the bacterial origin of key enzymes in this pathway could be exploited in developing new therapies.IMPORTANCE The Trypanosomatidae are protozoan parasites that infect insects, plants, and animals and have evolved complex monoxenous (single host) and dixenous (two hosts) lifestyles. A number of species of Trypanosomatidae, including Leishmania spp., have evolved the capacity to survive within intracellular niches in vertebrate hosts. The adaptations, metabolic and other, that are associated with development of intracellular lifestyles remain poorly defined. We show that genomes of Leishmania and Trypanosomatidae that can survive intracellularly encode a 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase that is involved in catabolism of a subclass of fatty acids. The trypanosomatid enzyme shows closest similarity to the corresponding bacterial enzymes and is located in the mitochondrion and essential for intracellular growth of Leishmania The findings suggest that acquisition of this gene by lateral gene transfer from bacteria by ancestral monoxenous Trypanosomatidae likely contributed to the development of a dixenous lifestyle of these parasites.
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22
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Bround MJ, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. A 20/20 view of ANT function in mitochondrial biology and necrotic cell death. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:A3-A13. [PMID: 32454061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family of proteins are inner mitochondrial membrane proteins involved in energy homeostasis and cell death. The primary function of ANT proteins is to exchange cytosolic ADP with matrix ATP, facilitating the export of newly synthesized ATP to the cell while providing new ADP substrate to the mitochondria. As such, the ANT proteins are central to maintaining energy homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells. Evidence also suggests that the ANTs constitute a pore-forming component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), a structure that forms in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is thought to underlie regulated necrotic cell death. Additionally, emerging studies suggest that ANT proteins are also critical for mitochondrial uncoupling and for promoting mitophagy. Thus, the ANTs are multifunctional proteins that are poised to participate in several aspects of mitochondrial biology and the greater regulation of cell death, which will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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23
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Ramachandra CJA, Chua J, Cong S, Kp MMJ, Shim W, Wu JC, Hausenloy DJ. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling metabolic perturbations and impaired bioenergetics underlying cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:694-711. [PMID: 32365198 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cardiac contractile and relaxation functions are critically dependent on a continuous energy supply. Accordingly, metabolic perturbations and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics with subsequent disruption of ATP production underpin a wide variety of cardiac diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anthracycline cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Crucially, there are no specific treatments for preventing the onset or progression of these cardiomyopathies to heart failure, one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Therefore, new treatments are needed to target the metabolic disturbances and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics underlying these cardiomyopathies in order to improve health outcomes in these patients. However, investigation of the underlying mechanisms and the identification of novel therapeutic targets have been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal disease models. Furthermore, interspecies variation precludes the use of animal models for studying certain disorders, whereas patient-derived primary cell lines have limited lifespan and availability. Fortunately, the discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells has provided a promising tool for modelling cardiomyopathies via human heart tissue in a dish. In this review article, we highlight the use of patient-derived iPSCs for studying the pathogenesis underlying cardiomyopathies associated with metabolic perturbations and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, as the ability of iPSCs for self-renewal and differentiation makes them an ideal platform for investigating disease pathogenesis in a controlled in vitro environment. Continuing progress will help elucidate novel mechanistic pathways, and discover novel therapies for preventing the onset and progression of heart failure, thereby advancing a new era of personalized therapeutics for improving health outcomes in patients with cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jasper Chua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Myu Mai Ja Kp
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin Medical School, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 11759, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, No. 500, Liufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung City 41354,Taiwan
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24
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Kim S, Song J, Ernst P, Latimer MN, Ha CM, Goh KY, Ma W, Rajasekaran NS, Zhang J, Liu X, Prabhu SD, Qin G, Wende AR, Young ME, Zhou L. MitoQ regulates redox-related noncoding RNAs to preserve mitochondrial network integrity in pressure-overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H682-H695. [PMID: 32004065 PMCID: PMC7099446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00617.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that mitochondrial network integrity is impaired in cardiomyocytes from failing hearts. While oxidative stress has been implicated in heart failure (HF)-associated mitochondrial remodeling, the effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, such as mitoquinone (MitoQ), on the mitochondrial network in a model of HF (e.g., pressure overload) has not been demonstrated. Furthermore, the mechanism of this regulation is not completely understood with an emerging role for posttranscriptional regulation via long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We hypothesized that MitoQ preserves mitochondrial fusion proteins (i.e., mitofusin), likely through redox-sensitive lncRNAs, leading to improved mitochondrial network integrity in failing hearts. To test this hypothesis, 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were subjected to ascending aortic constriction (AAC), which caused substantial left ventricular (LV) chamber remodeling and remarkable contractile dysfunction in 1 wk. Transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining revealed defective intermitochondrial and mitochondrial-sarcoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure in AAC mice compared with sham-operated animals, which was accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and suppressed mitofusin (i.e., Mfn1 and Mfn2) expression. MitoQ (1.36 mg·day-1·mouse-1, 7 consecutive days) significantly ameliorated LV dysfunction, attenuated Mfn2 downregulation, improved interorganellar contact, and increased metabolism-related gene expression. Moreover, our data revealed that MitoQ alleviated the dysregulation of an Mfn2-associated lncRNA (i.e., Plscr4). In summary, the present study supports a unique mechanism by which MitoQ improves myocardial intermitochondrial and mitochondrial-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ultrastructural remodeling in HF by maintaining Mfn2 expression via regulation by an lncRNA. These findings underscore the important role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of HF and the potential of targeting them for effective HF treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have shown that MitoQ improves cardiac mitochondrial network integrity and mitochondrial-SR alignment in a pressure-overload mouse heart-failure model. This may be occurring partly through preventing the dysregulation of a redox-sensitive lncRNA-microRNA pair (i.e., Plscr4-miR-214) that results in an increase in mitofusin-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kah Yong Goh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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25
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Wang C, Yuan Y, Wu J, Zhao Y, Gao X, Chen Y, Sun C, Xiao L, Zheng P, Hu P, Li Z, Wang Z, Ye J, Zhang L. Plin5 deficiency exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by enhancing myocardial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:372-382. [PMID: 31291602 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are accompanied by significant alterations in energy metabolism, more than 50-70% of energy is obtained from fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in adult hearts under physiological conditions. Plin5 is involved in the metabolism of lipid droplets (LDs) and is highly abundant in oxidative tissues including heart, liver and skeletal muscle. Plin5 protects the storage of triglyceride (TG) in LDs by inhibiting lipolysis, thereby suppressing excess FAO and preventing excessive oxidative stress in the heart. In this study, we investigated the roles of Plin5 in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in mice treated with transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The results indicated that Plin5 deficiency aggravated myocardial hypertrophy in the TAC-treated mice and exacerbated the TAC-induced heart failure. We also found that Plin5 deficiency reduced the cardiac lipid accumulation and upregulated the levels of PPARα and PGC-1α, which stimulate mitochondrial proliferation. Moreover, Plin5 deficiency aggravated the TAC-induced oxidative stress. We consistently found that Plin5 knockdown disrupted TG storage and elevated FAO and lipolysis in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, Plin5 knockdown also provoked mitochondrial proliferation and lipotoxic injury in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, Plin5 deficiency increases myocardial lipolysis, elevates FAO and oxidative burden, and thereby exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in TAC-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, No.944 Hospital of PLA, Jiuquan, 735099, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixteenth Hospital of PLA, Aletai, 836500, China
| | - Peizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zengshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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26
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Zhou Z, Piao Y, Hao L, Wang G, Zhou Z, Shen Y. Acidity-responsive shell-sheddable camptothecin-based nanofibers for carrier-free cancer drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15907-15916. [PMID: 31414111 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular prodrugs that self-assemble into nanoparticles have many advantages over commonly studied nanomedicines based upon nanoscale carriers such as liposomes, micelles and polymeric nanoparticles. These carrier-free nanodrugs exhibit favorable nanoproperties without the help of a nanocarrier, and they have many unique merits, such as a simple synthetic procedure, well-defined structure and high drug loading capacity. To date, most of these carrier-free nanodrugs have been spherical and very few nonspherical nanodrugs have been synthesized and studied. Herein, we report a camptothecin (CPT) prodrug that self-assembles into nanofibers. These carrier-free CPT nanofibers have a width of approximately one hundred nanometers and a length of several micrometers. The cellular uptake and tumor penetration behaviour of these nanofibers were observed by time-lapse video microscopy. These nanofibers can rapidly enter cancer cells by penetrating the cell membrane, gradually dissolve intracellularly and efficiently release the active drug. Coating the surface of these nanofibers with a pH-responsive PEG layer improves the stability of these nanofibers and shields their positive charge to minimize nonspecific interactions. These pH-responsive nanofibers are sheddable in the acidic tumor microenvironment and deliver carried cargoes deep into tumors. Our findings demonstrate that small molecular CPT prodrugs that form nanofibers are efficient for cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuha Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Mohammad I. Gold nanoparticle: An efficient carrier for MCP I of Carica papaya seeds extract as an innovative male contraceptive in albino rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Ramalho T, Ramalingam L, Filgueiras L, Festuccia W, Jancar S, Moustaid‐Moussa N. Leukotriene‐B4 modulates macrophage metabolism and fat loss in type 1 diabetic mice. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:665-675. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1218-477rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ramalho
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research ClusterTexas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research ClusterTexas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Luciano Filgueiras
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - William Festuccia
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid‐Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research ClusterTexas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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29
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da Silva TAL, Medeiros RMV, de Medeiros DC, Medeiros RCSC, de Medeiros JA, de Medeiros GCBS, de Andrade RD, Lais LL, Silva Dantas PM. Impact of curcumin on energy metabolism in HIV infection: A case study. Phytother Res 2019; 33:856-858. [PMID: 30648299 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with dyslipidemia and impaired energy substrate oxidation (SOxi). Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound, which interacts with molecular targets and holds important metabolic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on energetic metabolism of an adult female with HIV/AIDS and under ART. The intervention was performed with 500 mg/day of curcumin for 27 days. Glycemic and lipid profile and SOxi at rest were evaluated before and after intervention. After intervention, improvement of lipid profile and insulin sensibility was observed. Moreover, there was a positive modulation of SOxi at rest. Oral curcumin supplementation can positively modulate the energy metabolism of people living with HIV/AIDS using the ART. However, clinical studies are required in order to confirm our findings in a representative sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radamés Maciel Vítor Medeiros
- Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Centro Universitário do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Danielle Coutinho de Medeiros
- Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Centro Universitário Unifacex, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Dias de Andrade
- Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lucia Leite Lais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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30
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Van Wyngene L, Vandewalle J, Libert C. Reprogramming of basic metabolic pathways in microbial sepsis: therapeutic targets at last? EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8712. [PMID: 29976786 PMCID: PMC6079534 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly lethal and urgent unmet medical need. It is the result of a complex interplay of several pathways, including inflammation, immune activation, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, the regulation and the impact of the latter have become better understood in which the highly catabolic status during sepsis and its similarity with starvation responses appear to be essential in the poor prognosis in sepsis. It seems logical that new interventions based on the recognition of new therapeutic targets in the key metabolic pathways should be developed and may have a good chance to penetrate to the bedside. In this review, we concentrate on the pathological changes in metabolism, observed during sepsis, and the presumed underlying mechanisms, with a focus on the level of the organism and the interplay between different organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Van Wyngene
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Chlenski A, Dobratic M, Salwen HR, Applebaum M, Guerrero LJ, Miller R, DeWane G, Solomaha E, Marks JD, Cohn SL. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) induces lipotoxicity in neuroblastoma by regulating transport of albumin complexed with fatty acids. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77696-77706. [PMID: 27776337 PMCID: PMC5363614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SPARC is a matrix protein that mediates interactions between cells and the microenvironment. In cancer, SPARC may either promote or inhibit tumor growth depending upon the tumor type. In neuroblastoma, SPARC is expressed in the stromal Schwannian cells and functions as a tumor suppressor. Here, we developed a novel in vivo model of stroma-rich neuroblastoma using non-tumorigenic SHEP cells with modulated levels of SPARC, mixed with tumorigenic KCNR cells. Tumors with stroma-derived SPARC displayed suppressed growth, inhibited angiogenesis and increased lipid accumulation. Based on the described chaperone function of SPARC, we hypothesized that SPARC binds albumin complexed with fatty acids and transports them to tumors. We show that SPARC binds albumin with Kd=18.9±2.3 uM, and enhances endothelial cell internalization and transendothelial transport of albumin in vitro. We also demonstrate that lipids induce toxicity in neuroblastoma cells and show that lipotoxicity is increased when cells are cultured in hypoxic conditions. Studies investigating the therapeutic potential of SPARC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Dobratic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Helen R Salwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Applebaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa J Guerrero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gillian DeWane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena Solomaha
- Biological Sciences Division, Biophysics Core Facility, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy D Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan L Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Abstract
Enlarged fat cells in obese adipose tissue diminish capacity to store fat and are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin. Insulin resistance (IR)-associated S-nitrosylation of insulin-signaling proteins increases in obesity. In accordance with the inhibition of insulin-mediated anti-lipolytic action, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels increase. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) signaling in adipocytes. Failure of packaging of excess lipid into lipid droplets causes chronic elevation of circulating fatty acids, which can reach to toxic levels within non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. In fact, triglycerides may also serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acids and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Thus, excess DAG, ceramide and saturated fatty acids in obesity can induce chronic inflammation and have harmful effect on multiple organs and systems. In this context, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and IR have been discussed within the scope of lipotoxicity.
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Paech F, Messner S, Spickermann J, Wind M, Schmitt-Hoffmann AH, Witschi AT, Howell BA, Church RJ, Woodhead J, Engelhardt M, Krähenbühl S, Maurer M. Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity associated with the monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic BAL30072. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3647-3662. [PMID: 28536862 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BAL30072 is a new monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic under development which provides a therapeutic option for the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Despite the absence of liver toxicity in preclinical studies in rats and marmosets and in single dose clinical studies in humans, increased transaminase activities were observed in healthy subjects in multiple-dose clinical studies. We, therefore, initiated a comprehensive program to find out the mechanisms leading to hepatocellular injury using HepG2 cells (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line), HepaRG cells (inducible hepatocytes derived from a human hepatic progenitor cell line), and human liver microtissue preparations. Our investigations demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent reduction of the ATP content of BAL30072-treated HepG2 cells and liver microtissues. BAL30072 impaired oxygen consumption by HepG2 cells at clinically relevant concentrations, inhibited complexes II and III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, BAL 30072 impaired mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, inhibited glycolysis, and was associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. Co-administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine partially protected hepatocytes from BAL30072-mediated toxicity, underscoring the role of oxidative damage in the observed hepatocellular toxicity. In conclusion, BAL30072 is toxic for liver mitochondria and inhibits glycolysis at clinically relevant concentrations. Impaired hepatic mitochondrial function and inhibition of glycolysis can explain liver injury observed in human subjects receiving long-term treatment with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Messner
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Spickermann
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Wind
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Therese Witschi
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brett A Howell
- The Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institute for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- The UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Woodhead
- The Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institute for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Marc Engelhardt
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martina Maurer
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Wang YY, Attané C, Milhas D, Dirat B, Dauvillier S, Guerard A, Gilhodes J, Lazar I, Alet N, Laurent V, Le Gonidec S, Biard D, Hervé C, Bost F, Ren GS, Bono F, Escourrou G, Prentki M, Nieto L, Valet P, Muller C. Mammary adipocytes stimulate breast cancer invasion through metabolic remodeling of tumor cells. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e87489. [PMID: 28239646 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, a key feature of peritumoral adipocytes is their loss of lipid content observed both in vitro and in human tumors. The free fatty acids (FFAs), released by adipocytes after lipolysis induced by tumor secretions, are transferred and stored in tumor cells as triglycerides in lipid droplets. In tumor cell lines, we demonstrate that FFAs can be released over time from lipid droplets through an adipose triglyceride lipase-dependent (ATGL-dependent) lipolytic pathway. In vivo, ATGL is expressed in human tumors where its expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness and is upregulated by contact with adipocytes. The released FFAs are then used for fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), an active process in cancer but not normal breast epithelial cells, and regulated by coculture with adipocytes. However, in cocultivated cells, FAO is uncoupled from ATP production, leading to AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation, a circle that maintains this state of metabolic remodeling. The increased invasive capacities of tumor cells induced by coculture are completely abrogated by inhibition of the coupled ATGL-dependent lipolysis/FAO pathways. These results show a complex metabolic symbiosis between tumor-surrounding adipocytes and cancer cells that stimulate their invasiveness, highlighting ATGL as a potential therapeutic target to impede breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Wang
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Camille Attané
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Milhas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Béatrice Dirat
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Adrien Guerard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Departement de Biostatistiques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Ikrame Lazar
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | | | - Victor Laurent
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Sophie Le Gonidec
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Bost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Guo Sheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Ghislaine Escourrou
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Nieto
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
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35
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Perez-Matos MC, Morales-Alvarez MC, Mendivil CO. Lipids: A Suitable Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Neuropathy? J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:6943851. [PMID: 28191471 PMCID: PMC5278202 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6943851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) encompasses multiple syndromes with a common pathogenesis. Glycemic control shows a limited correlation with DPN, arguing in favor of major involvement of other factors, one of which is alterations of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Consistent associations have been found between plasma triglycerides/remnant lipoproteins and the risk of DPN. Studies in cultured nerve tissue or in murine models of diabetes have unveiled mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to DPN. Deficient insulin action increases fatty acids flux to nerve cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, anomalous protein kinase C signaling, and perturbations in the physicochemical properties of the plasma membrane. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins bind to cellular receptors and promote generation of reactive oxygen species, worsening mitochondrial function and altering the electrical properties of neurons. Supplementation with specific fatty acids has led to prevention or reversal of different modalities of DPN in animal models. Post hoc and secondary analyses of clinical trials have found benefits of cholesterol reducing (statins and ezetimibe), triglyceride-reducing (fibrates), or lipid antioxidant (thioctic acid) therapies over the progression and severity of DPN. However, these findings are mostly hypothesis-generating. Randomized trials are warranted in which the impact of intensive plasma lipids normalization on DPN outcomes is specifically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. O. Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia
- *C. O. Mendivil:
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36
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Youn Y, Kim YS. Inhibitory effects of Citrus unshiu pericarpium extracts on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1709-1717. [PMID: 30263466 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus unshiu pericarpium (CP), a rich source of flavonoids, has been used as a traditional medicine for purposes of exhaustion, cold, and cancer treatment in East Asia including China and Korea. This study investigated the effect of CP extracts on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes, HepG2. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by Tryphan blue staining and Hoechst staining, respectively. Cellular uptake of free fatty acid was measured by Oil Red O staining. The results show that CP extracts attenuated palmitate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. CP extracts also blocked the expression of apo B protein, an apolipoprotein with functional roles in intracellular lipid accumulation. Moreover, CP extracts inhibited the release of the mitochondrial cytochrome c through regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2. These results demonstrated a novel function of CP extracts in preventing lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells, implicating a promising phytotherapeutic approach for lipo-detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Youn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea
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37
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Sinha RA, Singh BK, Zhou J, Xie S, Farah BL, Lesmana R, Ohba K, Tripathi M, Ghosh S, Hollenberg AN, Yen PM. Loss of ULK1 increases RPS6KB1-NCOR1 repression of NR1H/LXR-mediated Scd1 transcription and augments lipotoxicity in hepatic cells. Autophagy 2016; 13:169-186. [PMID: 27846372 PMCID: PMC5240836 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1235123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity caused by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) induces tissue damage and inflammation in metabolic disorders. SCD1 (stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1) converts SFAs to mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) that are incorporated into triglycerides and stored in lipid droplets. SCD1 thus helps protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity and its reduced expression is associated with increased lipotoxic injury in cultured hepatic cells and mouse models. To further understand the role of SCD1 in lipotoxicity, we examined the regulation of Scd1 in hepatic cells treated with palmitate, and found that NR1H/LXR (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H) ligand, GW3965, induced Scd1 expression and lipid droplet formation to improve cell survival. Surprisingly, ULK1/ATG1 (unc-51 like kinase) played a critical role in protecting hepatic cells from SFA-induced lipotoxicity via a novel mechanism that did not involve macroautophagy/autophagy. Specific loss of Ulk1 blocked the induction of Scd1 gene transcription by GW3965, decreased lipid droplet formation, and increased apoptosis in hepatic cells exposed to palmitate. Knockdown of ULK1 increased RPS6KB1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1) signaling that, in turn, induced NCOR1 (nuclear receptor co-repressor 1) nuclear uptake, interaction with NR1H/LXR, and recruitment to the Scd1 promoter. These events abrogated the stimulation of Scd1 gene expression by GW3965, and increased lipotoxicity in hepatic cells. In summary, we have identified a novel autophagy-independent role of ULK1 that regulates NR1H/LXR signaling, Scd1 expression, and intracellular lipid homeostasis in hepatic cells exposed to a lipotoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Anthony Sinha
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Jin Zhou
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Sherwin Xie
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Benjamin L Farah
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore.,b Department of Physiology , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Kenji Ohba
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- c Stroke Trial Unit, National Neuroscience Institute Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- d Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA USA
| | - Paul M Yen
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore
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38
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Broniarek I, Koziel A, Jarmuszkiewicz W. The effect of chronic exposure to high palmitic acid concentrations on the aerobic metabolism of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1541-54. [PMID: 27417103 PMCID: PMC4981632 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A chronic elevation of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) is associated with diseases like obesity or diabetes and can lead to lipotoxicity. The goals of this study were to assess the influence of chronic exposure to high palmitic acid (PAL) levels on mitochondrial respiratory functions in endothelial cells and isolated mitochondria. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926 line) were grown for 6 days in a medium containing either 100 or 150 μM PAL. Growth at high PAL concentrations induced a considerable increase in fatty acid-supplied respiration and a reduction of mitochondrial respiration during carbohydrate and glutamine oxidation. High PAL levels elevated intracellular and mitochondrial superoxide generation; increased inflammation marker, acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and superoxide dismutase 2 expression; and decreased hexokinase I and pyruvate dehydrogenase expression. No change in aerobic respiration capacity was observed, while fermentation was decreased. In mitochondria isolated from high PAL-treated cells, an increase in the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine, a decrease in the oxidation of pyruvate, and an increase in UCP2 activity were observed. Our results demonstrate that exposure to high PAL levels induces a shift in endothelial aerobic metabolism toward the oxidation of fatty acids. Increased levels of PAL caused impairment and uncoupling of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Our data indicate that FFAs significantly affect endothelial oxidative metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and cell viability and, thus, might contribute to endothelial and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Broniarek
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Koziel
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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39
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Cheung Lam AH, Sandoval N, Wadhwa R, Gilkes J, Do TQ, Ernst W, Chiang SM, Kosina S, Howard Xu H, Fujii G, Porter E. Assessment of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters delivered in liposomes as novel class of antibiotic. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:337. [PMID: 27391402 PMCID: PMC4938966 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare associated infections (HAI) with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria continue to be a global threat, highlighting an urgent need for novel antibiotics. In this study, we assessed the potential of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters that form part of the innate host defense as novel antibacterial agents for use against MDR bacteria. METHODS Liposomes of six different phospholipid mixtures were employed as carrier for six different fatty acids and four different cholesteryl esters. Using a modified MIC assay based on DNA quantification with the fluoroprobe Syto9, formulations were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria implicated in HAI. Formulations with MIC values in the low μg/mL range were further subjected to determination of minimal bactericidal activity, hemolysis assay with sheep erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity testing with the human liver cell line HepG2. The potential for synergistic activity with a standard antibiotic was also probed. RESULTS Palmitic acid and stearic acid prepared in carrier 4 (PA4 and SA4, respectively) were identified as most active lipids (MIC against MDR Staphylococcus epidermidis was 0.5 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively; MIC against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) was 2 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively). Cholesteryl linoleate formulated with carrier 3 (CL3) exhibited activity against the S. epidermidis strain (MIC 1 μg/mL) and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (MIC 8 μg/mL) and lowered the vancomycin MIC for VRE from 32-64 μg/mL to as low as 4 μg/mL. At 90 μg/mL PA4, SA4, and CL3 effected less than 5 % hemolysis over 3 h and PA4 and CL3 did not exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells when applied at 100 μg/mL over 48 h. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that selected fatty acids and cholesteryl esters packaged with phospholipids exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and may augment the activity of antibiotics. Bactericidal activity could be unlinked from hemolytic and cytotoxic activity and the type of phospholipid carrier greatly influenced the activity. Thus, fatty acids and cholesteryl esters packaged in liposomes may have potential as novel lipophilic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie H Cheung Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Natalie Sandoval
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Ritambhara Wadhwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Janine Gilkes
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Thai Q Do
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - H Howard Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Gary Fujii
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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40
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Talton OO, Pennington KA, Pollock KE, Bates K, Ma L, Ellersieck MR, Schulz LC. Maternal Hyperleptinemia Improves Offspring Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2636-48. [PMID: 27145007 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are prevalent worldwide. Offspring of mothers with these conditions weigh more and are predisposed to metabolic syndrome. A hallmark of both conditions is maternal hyperleptinemia, but the role of elevated leptin levels during pregnancy on developmental programming is largely unknown. We previously found that offspring of hyperleptinemic mothers weighed less and had increased activity. The goal of this study was to determine whether maternal leptin affects offspring insulin sensitivity by investigating offspring glucose metabolism and lipid accumulation. Offspring from two maternal hyperleptinemic models were compared. The first model of hyperleptinemia is the Lepr(db/+) mouse, which has a mutation in one copy of the gene that encodes the leptin receptor, resulting in a truncated long form of the receptor, and hyperleptinemia. Wild-type females served as the control for the Lepr(db/+) females. For the second hyperleptinemic model, wild-type females were implanted with miniosmotic pumps, which released leptin (350 ng/h) or saline (as the control) just prior to mating and throughout gestation. In the offspring of these dams, we measured glucose tolerance; serum leptin, insulin, and triglyceride levels; liver triglycerides; pancreatic α- and β-cell numbers; body composition; incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; and the expression of key metabolic genes in the liver and adipose tissue. We found that the offspring of hyperleptinemic dams exhibited improved glucose tolerance, reduced insulin and leptin concentrations, reduced liver triglycerides, and a lower incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Overall, maternal hyperleptinemia was beneficial for offspring glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omonseigho O Talton
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Kathleen A Pennington
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Kelly E Pollock
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Keenan Bates
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Lixin Ma
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
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Tschapalda K, Zhang YQ, Liu L, Golovnina K, Schlemper T, Eichmann TO, Lal-Nag M, Sreenivasan U, McLenithan J, Ziegler S, Sztalryd C, Lass A, Auld D, Oliver B, Waldmann H, Li Z, Shen M, Boxer MB, Beller M. A Class of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 Inhibitors Identified by a Combination of Phenotypic High-throughput Screening, Genomics, and Genetics. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:49-59. [PMID: 27428418 PMCID: PMC4919474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess lipid storage is an epidemic problem in human populations. Thus, the identification of small molecules to treat or prevent lipid storage-related metabolic complications is of great interest. Here we screened > 320.000 compounds for their ability to prevent a cellular lipid accumulation phenotype. We used fly cells because the multifarious tools available for this organism should facilitate unraveling the mechanism-of-action of active small molecules. Of the several hundred lipid storage inhibitors identified in the primary screen we concentrated on three structurally diverse and potent compound classes active in cells of multiple species (including human) and negligible cytotoxicity. Together with Drosophila in vivo epistasis experiments, RNA-Seq expression profiles suggested that the target of one of the small molecules was diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), a key enzyme in the production of triacylglycerols and prominent human drug target. We confirmed this prediction by biochemical and enzymatic activity tests. We identified > 600 potent small molecule inhibitors of cellular lipid storage deposition. RNA-Seq expression profiling discriminated the activity of three lead scaffolds and guided subsequent functional studies. We discovered a class of DGAT1 inhibitors, which is active in fly and mammalian cell lines as well as whole flies.
Obesity and other lipid storage associated diseases are a growing health threat of human populations. In an undirected phenotypic screen, we identified pharmacologically active small molecules that reduce or enhance lipid storage. Our work focuses on three lead structures that prevent lipid storage in diverse cellular systems including cells from a diabetes patient. In order to elucidate the compound mechanisms-of-action and cellular targets, we used a combination of RNA-Seq transcriptional profiling and diverse functional assays. Our results strongly suggest that one of our lead structures represents a class of inhibitors targeting the key lipogenic enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Tschapalda
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Li Liu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Kseniya Golovnina
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Thomas Schlemper
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Madhu Lal-Nag
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Urmila Sreenivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - John McLenithan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carole Sztalryd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA; Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) and VA Maryland Health Care System, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Douglas Auld
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Brian Oliver
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zhuyin Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - Mathias Beller
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Black PN, Ahowesso C, Montefusco D, Saini N, DiRusso CC. Fatty Acid Transport Proteins: Targeting FATP2 as a Gatekeeper Involved in the Transport of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:612-622. [PMID: 27446528 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, in vivo studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5'-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3'-indoline]-2'-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both in vitro using a series of model cell lines and in vivo using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Huang C, Yuan L, Cao S. Endogenous GLP-1 as a key self-defense molecule against lipotoxicity in pancreatic islets. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:173-85. [PMID: 25976560 PMCID: PMC4494597 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of pro-α cells is known to increase in response to β cell injury and these cells then generate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), thus attenuating the development of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to further examine the role and the mechanisms responsible for intra-islet GLP-1 production as a self-protective response against lipotoxicity. The levels of the key enzyme, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), as well as the synthesis and release of GLP-1 in models of lipotoxicity were measured. Furthermore, islet viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as islet structure were assessed after altering GLP-1 receptor signaling. Both prolonged exposure to palmitate and a high-fat diet facilitated PC1/3 expression, as well as the synthesis and release of GLP-1 induced by β cell injury and the generation of pro-α cells. Prolonged exposure to palmitate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), partially prevented the detrimental effects induced by palmitate on β cells, resulting in decreased GLP-1 levels. Furthermore, the inhibition of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling by treatment with exendin‑(9-39) further decreased cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and caused a stronger inhibition of the β cell-specific transcription factor, pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). Moreover, treatment with the GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, normalized islet structure and function, resulting in a decrease in cell death and in the amelioration of β cell marker expression. Importantly, liraglutide maintained the oxidative balance and decreased inflammatory factor and p65 expression. Overall, our data demonstrate that an increase in the number of pro-α cells and the activation of the intra-islet GLP-1 system comprise a self-defense mechanism for enhancing β cell survival to combat lipid overload, which is in part mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z. Control mechanisms in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:363-75. [PMID: 25206677 PMCID: PMC4107533 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Distribution and activity of mitochondria are key factors in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity and axogenesis. The majority of energy sources, necessary for cellular functions, originate from oxidative phosphorylation located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The adenosine-5’- triphosphate production is regulated by many control mechanism–firstly by oxygen, substrate level, adenosine-5’-diphosphate level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and rate of coupling and proton leak. Recently, these mechanisms have been implemented by “second control mechanisms,” such as reversible phosphorylation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and electron transport chain complexes, allosteric inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, thyroid hormones, effects of fatty acids and uncoupling proteins. Impaired function of mitochondria is implicated in many diseases ranging from mitochondrial myopathies to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are usually related to the ability of mitochondria to generate adenosine-5’-triphosphate in response to energy demands. Large amounts of reactive oxygen species are released by defective mitochondria, similarly, decline of antioxidative enzyme activities (e.g. in the elderly) enhances reactive oxygen species production. We reviewed data concerning neuroplasticity, physiology, and control of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Felser A, Stoller A, Morand R, Schnell D, Donzelli M, Terracciano L, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Hepatic toxicity of dronedarone in mice: role of mitochondrial β-oxidation. Toxicology 2014; 323:1-9. [PMID: 24881592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dronedarone is an amiodarone-like antiarrhythmic drug associated with severe liver injury. Since dronedarone inhibits mitochondrial respiration and β-oxidation in vitro, mitochondrial toxicity may also explain dronedarone-associated hepatotoxicity in vivo. We therefore studied hepatotoxicity of dronedarone (200mg/kg/day for 2 weeks or 400mg/kg/day for 1 week by intragastric gavage) in heterozygous juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs(+/-)) and wild-type mice. Jvs(+/-) mice have reduced carnitine stores and are sensitive for mitochondrial β-oxidation inhibitors. Treatment with dronedarone 200mg/kg/day had no effect on body weight, serum transaminases and bilirubin, and hepatic mitochondrial function in both wild-type and jvs(+/-) mice. In contrast, dronedarone 400mg/kg/day was associated with a 10-15% drop in body weight, and a 3-5-fold increase in transaminases and bilirubin in wild-type mice and, more accentuated, in jvs(+/-) mice. In vivo metabolism of intraperitoneal (14)C-palmitate was impaired in wild-type, and, more accentuated, in jvs(+/-) mice treated with 400mg/kg/day dronedarone compared to vehicle-treated mice. Impaired β-oxidation was also found in isolated mitochondria ex vivo. A likely explanation for these findings was a reduced activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a in liver mitochondria from dronedarone-treated mice. In contrast, dronedarone did not affect the activity of the respiratory chain ex vivo. We conclude that dronedarone inhibits mitochondrial β-oxidation in and ex vivo, but not the respiratory chain. Jvs(+/-) mice are slightly more sensitive for the effect of dronedarone on mitochondrial β-oxidation than wild-type mice. The results suggest that inhibition of mitochondrial β-oxidation is an important mechanism of hepatotoxicity associated with dronedarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Felser
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Stoller
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Réjane Morand
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schnell
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Donzelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland.
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Olszewska A, Szewczyk A. Mitochondria as a pharmacological target: magnum overview. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:273-81. [PMID: 23441041 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, responsible for energy metabolism within the cell, act as signaling organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to cell death and oxidative stress and may disturb calcium metabolism. Additionally, mitochondria play a pivotal role in cardioprotective phenomena and a variety of neurodegenerative disorders ranging from Parkinson's to Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial DNA mutations may lead to impaired respiration. Hence, targeting the mitochondria with drugs offers great potential for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this overview is to present the recent state of knowledge concerning the interactions of various substances with mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olszewska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial efficiency in rats with fructose-induced alteration in glucose tolerance. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1996-2003. [PMID: 23693085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of long-term fructose feeding on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics was investigated. Measurements in isolated tissue were coupled with the determination of whole-body energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. A significant increase in plasma NEFA, as well as in skeletal muscle TAG and ceramide, was found in fructose-fed rats compared with the controls, together with a significantly higher plasma insulin response to a glucose load, while no significant variation in plasma glucose levels was found. Significantly lower RMR values were found in fructose-fed rats starting from week 4 of the dietary treatment. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass and degree of coupling were found to be significantly higher in fructose-fed rats compared with the controls. Significantly higher lipid peroxidation was found in fructose-fed rats, together with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Phosphorylated Akt levels normalised to plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in fructose-fed rats compared with the controls. In conclusion, a fructose-rich diet has a deep impact on a metabolically relevant tissue such as skeletal muscle. In this tissue, the consequences of high fructose feeding are altered glucose tolerance, elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitochondrial coupling. This latter modification could have a detrimental metabolic effect by causing oxidative stress and energy sparing that contribute to the high metabolic efficiency of fructose-fed rats.
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48
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Christophersen B, Sørby R, Osmundsen H, Olivecrona G, Nordstoga K. [Why hypertriglyceridemia leads to pancreatitis]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2013; 133:14-5. [PMID: 23306986 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Felser A, Blum K, Lindinger PW, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Mechanisms of hepatocellular toxicity associated with dronedarone--a comparison to amiodarone. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:480-90. [PMID: 23135547 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dronedarone is a new antiarrhythmic drug with an amiodarone-like benzofuran structure. Shortly after its introduction, dronedarone became implicated in causing severe liver injury. Amiodarone is a well-known mitochondrial toxicant. The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of dronedarone in vitro and to compare them with amiodarone. We used isolated rat liver mitochondria, primary human hepatocytes, and the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, which were exposed acutely or up to 24h. After exposure of primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells for 24h, dronedarone and amiodarone caused cytotoxicity and apoptosis starting at 20 and 50 µM, respectively. The cellular ATP content started to decrease at 20 µM for both drugs, suggesting mitochondrial toxicity. Inhibition of the respiratory chain required concentrations of ~10 µM and was caused by an impairment of complexes I and II for both drugs. In parallel, mitochondrial accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, acute treatment with dronedarone decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited complex I, and uncoupled the respiratory chain. Furthermore, in acutely treated rat liver mitochondria and in HepG2 cells exposed for 24h, dronedarone started to inhibit mitochondrial β-oxidation at 10 µM and amiodarone at 20 µM. Similar to amiodarone, dronedarone is an uncoupler and an inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and of β-oxidation both acutely and after exposure for 24h. Inhibition of mitochondrial function leads to accumulation of ROS and fatty acids, eventually leading to apoptosis and/or necrosis of hepatocytes. Mitochondrial toxicity may be an explanation for hepatotoxicity of dronedarone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Felser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Shimozuru M, Kamine A, Tsubota T. Changes in expression of hepatic genes involved in energy metabolism during hibernation in captive, adult, female Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 163:254-61. [PMID: 22771378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hibernating bears survive up to 6 months without feeding by utilizing stored body fat as fuel. To investigate how bears maintain energy homeostasis during hibernation, we analyzed changes in mRNA expression of hepatic genes involved in energy metabolism throughout the hibernation period in captive, adult, female Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus). Real-time PCR analysis revealed down-regulation of glycolysis- (e.g., glucokinase), amino acid catabolism- (e.g., alanine aminotransferase) and de novo lipogenesis-related genes (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1), and up-regulation of gluconeogensis- (e.g., pyruvate carboxylase), β-oxidation- (i.e., uncoupling protein 2) and ketogenesis-related genes (i.e., 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA synthase 2), during hibernation, compared to the active period (June). In addition, we found that glycolysis-related genes (i.e., glucokinase and pyruvate kinase) were more suppressed in the early phase of hibernation (January) compared to the late phase (March). One week after the commencement of feeding in April, expression levels of most genes returned to levels comparable to those seen in June, but β-oxidation-related genes were still up-regulated during this period. These results suggest that the modulation of gene expression is not static, but changes throughout the hibernation period. The transcriptional modulation during hibernation represents a unique physiological adaptation to prolonged fasting in bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michito Shimozuru
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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