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Yao Y, Nan L, Wang K, Xia J, Ma B, Cheng J. Integrative leaf anatomy structure, physiology, and metabolome analyses revealed the response to drought stress in sainfoin at the seedling stage. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1174-1185. [PMID: 38553821 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) is a vital legume forage, and drought is the primary element impeding sainfoin growth. OBJECTIVE The anatomical structure, physiological indexes, and metabolites of the leaves of sainfoin seedlings with a drought-resistant line of P1 (DRL) and a drought-sensitive material of 2049 (DSM) were analyzed under drought (-1.0 MPa) with polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). METHODS The leaf anatomy was studied by the paraffin section method. The related physiological indexes were measured by the hydroxylamine oxidation method, titanium sulfate colorimetric method, thiobarbituric acid method, acidic ninhydrin colorimetric method, and Coomassie brilliant blue method. The metabolomics analysis was composed of liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The results revealed that the thickness of the epidermis, palisade tissue, and sponge tissue of DRL were significantly greater than those of DSM. The leaves of DRL exhibited lower levels of superoxide anion (O2 •-) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with DSM, while proline (Pro) content and soluble protein (SP) content were significantly higher than those of DSM. A total of 391 differential metabolites were identified in two samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that the primary differential metabolites were concentrated into the tyrosine metabolism; isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis; ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis; neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis; and anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Compared with DSM, DRL had more complete anatomical structure, lower active oxygen content, and higher antioxidant level. The results improved our insights into the drought-resistant mechanisms in sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Yao
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Nan
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Kaur D, Schedl A, Lafleur C, Martinez Henao J, van Dam NM, Rivoal J, Bede JC. Arabidopsis Transcriptomics Reveals the Role of Lipoxygenase2 (AtLOX2) in Wound-Induced Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5898. [PMID: 38892085 PMCID: PMC11173247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In wounded Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, four 13S-lipoxygenases (AtLOX2, AtLOX3, AtLOX4, AtLOX6) act in a hierarchical manner to contribute to the jasmonate burst. This leads to defense responses with LOX2 playing an important role in plant resistance against caterpillar herb-ivory. In this study, we sought to characterize the impact of AtLOX2 on wound-induced phytohormonal and transcriptional responses to foliar mechanical damage using wildtype (WT) and lox2 mutant plants. Compared with WT, the lox2 mutant had higher constitutive levels of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced expression of SA-responsive genes. This suggests that AtLOX2 may be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonates that are involved in the antagonism of SA biosynthesis. As expected, the jasmonate burst in response to wounding was dampened in lox2 plants. Generally, 1 h after wounding, genes linked to jasmonate biosynthesis, jasmonate signaling attenuation and abscisic acid-responsive genes, which are primarily involved in wound sealing and healing, were differentially regulated between WT and lox2 mutants. Twelve h after wounding, WT plants showed stronger expression of genes associated with plant protection against insect herbivory. This study highlights the dynamic nature of jasmonate-responsive gene expression and the contribution of AtLOX2 to this pathway and plant resistance against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diljot Kaur
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (N.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ), Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Lafleur
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Julian Martinez Henao
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (N.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyerweg-1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Jacqueline C. Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
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Zavřel T, Segečová A, Kovács L, Lukeš M, Novák Z, Pohland AC, Szabó M, Somogyi B, Prášil O, Červený J, Bernát G. A Comprehensive Study of Light Quality Acclimation in Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024:pcae062. [PMID: 38907526 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria play a key role in primary production in both oceans and fresh waters and hold great potential for sustainable production of a large number of commodities. During their life, cyanobacteria cells need to acclimate to a multitude of challenges, including shifts in intensity and quality of incident light. Despite our increasing understanding of metabolic regulation under various light regimes, detailed insight into fitness advantages and limitations under shifting light quality remains underexplored. Here, we study photo-physiological acclimation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 throughout the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range. Using light emitting diodes (LEDs) with qualitatively different narrow spectra, we describe wavelength dependence of light capture, electron transport and energy transduction to main cellular pools. In addition, we describe processes that fine-tune light capture, such as state transitions, or the efficiency of energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystems (PS). We show that growth was the most limited under blue light due to inefficient light harvesting, and that many cellular processes are tightly linked to the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool, which was the most reduced under red light. The PSI-to-PSII ratio was low under blue photons, however, it was not the main growth-limiting factor, since it was even more reduced under violet and near far-red lights, where Synechocystis grew faster compared to blue light. Our results provide insight into the spectral dependence of phototrophic growth and can provide the foundation for future studies of molecular mechanisms underlying light acclimation in cyanobacteria, leading to light optimization in controlled cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno 60300, Czechia
| | - Anna Segečová
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno 60300, Czechia
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, Třeboň 379 01, Czechia
| | - Zoltán Novák
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3., Tihany 8237, Hungary
| | - Anne-Christin Pohland
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3., Tihany 8237, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Somogyi
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3., Tihany 8237, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, Třeboň 379 01, Czechia
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno 60300, Czechia
| | - Gábor Bernát
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3., Tihany 8237, Hungary
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Yuksel EA, Aydin M, Agar G, Taspinar MS. 5-Aminolevulinic acid treatment mitigates pesticide stress in bean seedlings by regulating stress-related gene expression and retrotransposon movements. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:581-592. [PMID: 38191719 PMCID: PMC11021237 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Overdoses of pesticides lead to a decrease in the yield and quality of plants, such as beans. The unconscious use of deltamethrin, one of the synthetic insecticides, increases the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by causing oxidative stress in plants. In this case, plants tolerate stress by activating the antioxidant defense mechanism and many genes. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) improves tolerance to stress by acting exogenously in low doses. There are many gene families that are effective in the regulation of this mechanism. In addition, one of the response mechanisms at the molecular level against environmental stressors in plants is retrotransposon movement. In this study, the expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and stress-associated protein (SAP) genes were determined by Q-PCR in deltamethrin (0.5 ppm) and various doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/l) of ALA-treated bean seedlings. In addition, one of the response mechanisms at the molecular level against environmental stressors in plants is retrotransposon movement. It was determined that deltamethrin increased the expression of SOD (1.8-fold), GPX (1.4-fold), CAT (2.7-fold), and SAP (2.5-fold) genes, while 20 and 40 mg/l ALA gradually increased the expression of these genes at levels close to control, but 80 mg/l ALA increased the expression of these genes almost to the same level as deltamethrin (2.1-fold, 1.4-fold, 2.6-fold, and 2.6-fold in SOD, GPX, CAT, and SAP genes, respectively). In addition, retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) was performed to determine the polymorphism caused by retrotransposon movements. While deltamethrin treatment has caused a decrease in genomic template stability (GTS) (27%), ALA treatments have prevented this decline. At doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/L of ALA treatments, the GTS ratios were determined to be 96.8%, 74.6%, and 58.7%, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that ALA has the utility of alleviating pesticide stress effects on beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Arslan Yuksel
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Aydin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Guleray Agar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sinan Taspinar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wang T, Xu D, Zhang F, Yan T, Li Y, Wang Z, Xie Y, Zhuang W. Changes in Photosynthetic Characteristics between Green-Leaf Poplar Linn. "2025" and Its Bud-Sporting Colored-Leaf Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1225. [PMID: 38279223 PMCID: PMC10816277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colored-leaf poplar is increasingly popular due to its great ornamental values and application prospects. However, the photosynthetic characteristics of these colored-leaf cultivars have not been well understood. In this study, the photosynthetic differences between green-leaf poplar Populus deltoids Linn. "2025" (L2025) and colored-leaf cultivars 'Zhonghong poplar' (ZHP), 'Quanhong poplar' (QHP), and 'Caihong poplar' (CHP) were investigated on several levels, including chloroplast ultrastructure observation, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and expression analysis of key genes. The results showed that the photosynthetic performance of ZHP was basically consistent with that of L2025, while the ranges of light energy absorption and efficiency of light energy utilization decreased to different degrees in CHP and QHP. A relatively low water use efficiency and high dark respiration rate were observed in QHP, suggesting a relatively weak environmental adaptability. The differences in chloroplast structure in different colored-leaf poplars were further observed by transmission electron microscopy. The disorganization of thylakoid in CHP was considered an important reason, resulting in a significant decrease in chlorophyll content compared with other poplar cultivars. Interestingly, CHP exhibited extremely high photosynthetic electron transport activity and photochemical efficiency, which were conductive to maintaining its relatively high photosynthetic performance. The actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry of ZHP was basically the same as that of QHP, while the relatively high photosynthetic performance indexes in ZHP suggested a more optimized photosynthetic apparatus, which was crucial for the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency. The differential expressions of a series of key genes in different colored-leaf poplars provided a reasonable explanation for anthocyanin accumulation and specific photosynthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Donghuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Tengyue Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuhang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
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Yanykin D, Paskhin M, Ashikhmin AA, Bolshakov MA. Carotenoid-dependent singlet oxygen photogeneration in light-harvesting complex 2 of Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila leads to the formation of organic hydroperoxides and damage to both pigments and protein matrix. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16615. [PMID: 38250719 PMCID: PMC10798160 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Earlier, it was suggested that carotenoids in light-harvesting complexes 2 (LH2) can generate singlet oxygen, further oxidizing bacteriochlorophyll to 3-acetyl-chlorophyll. In the present work, it was found that illumination of isolated LH2 preparations of purple sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila with light in the carotenoid absorption region leads to the photoconsumption of molecular oxygen, which is accompanied by the formation of hydroperoxides of organic molecules in the complexes. Photoformation of two types of organic hydroperoxides were revealed: highly lipophilic (12 molecules per one LH2) and relatively hydrophobic (68 per one LH2). It has been shown that illumination leads to damage to light-harvesting complexes. On the one hand, photobleaching of bacteriochlorophyll and a decrease in its fluorescence intensity are observed. On the other hand, the photoinduced increase in the hydrodynamic radius of the complexes, the reduction in their thermal stability, and the change in fluorescence intensity indicate conformational changes occurring in the protein molecules of the LH2 preparations. Inhibition of the processes described above upon the addition of singlet oxygen quenchers (L-histidine, Trolox, sodium L-ascorbate) may support the hypothesis that carotenoids in LH2 preparations are capable of generating singlet oxygen, which, in turn, damage to protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Yanykin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark Paskhin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Moscow, Russia
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Andresen E, Morina F, Bokhari SNH, Koník P, Küpper H. Disturbed electron transport beyond PSI changes metabolome and transcriptome in Zn-deficient soybean. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149018. [PMID: 37852568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Low Zn availability in soils is a problem in many parts of the world, with tremendous consequences for food and feed production because Zn deficiency affects the yield and quality of plants. In this study we investigated the consequences of Zn-limitation in hydroponically cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) plants. Parameters of photosynthesis biophysics were determined by spatially and spectrally resolved Kautsky and OJIP fluorescence kinetics and oxygen production at two time points (V4 stage, after five weeks, and pod development stage, R5-R6, after 8-10 weeks). Lower NPQ at 730 nm and lower quantum yield of electron transport flux until PSI acceptors were observed, indicating an inhibition of the PSI acceptor side. Metalloproteomics showed that down-regulation of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and Zn‑carbonic anhydrase (CA) were primary consequences of Zn-limitation. This explained the effects on photosynthesis in terms of decreased use of excitons, which consequently led to oxidative stress. Indeed, untargeted metabolomics revealed an accumulation of lipid oxidation products in the Zn-deficient leaves. Further response to Zn deficiency included up-regulation of gene expression of cell wall metabolism, response to (a)biotic stressors and antioxidant activity, which correlated with accumulation of antioxidants, Vit B6, (iso)flavonoids and phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andresen
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Filis Morina
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Koník
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Branišovská 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Kozuleva MA, Ivanov BN. Superoxide Anion Radical Generation in Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1045-1060. [PMID: 37758306 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes data available in the literature on the rates, characteristics, and mechanisms of oxygen reduction to a superoxide anion radical at the sites of photosynthetic electron transport chain where this reduction has been established. The existing assumptions about the role of the components of these sites in this process are critically examined using thermodynamic approaches and results of the recent studies. The process of O2 reduction at the acceptor side of PSI, which is considered the main site of this process taking place in the photosynthetic chain, is described in detail. Evolution of photosynthetic apparatus in the context of controlling the leakage of electrons to O2 is explored. The reasons limiting application of the results obtained with the isolated segments of the photosynthetic chain to estimate the rates of O2 reduction at the corresponding sites in the intact thylakoid membrane are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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10
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Yu C, Jiang X, Xu H, Ding G. Trichoderma longibrachiatum Inoculation Improves Drought Resistance and Growth of Pinus massoniana Seedlings through Regulating Physiological Responses and Soil Microbial Community. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:694. [PMID: 37504683 PMCID: PMC10381829 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to Pinus massoniana seedling growth in southern China. Trichoderma species, as beneficial microorganisms, have been widely used in agriculture to enhance plant growth and drought tolerance, but the interaction mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effect of drought-resistant Trichoderma longibrachiatum inoculation on P. massoniana growth under drought stress, the plant physiological indicators and rhizosphere microbiome diversity were measured to identify Trichoderma-activated mechanisms. Trichoderma longibrachiatum inoculation significantly promoted P. massoniana growth under drought treatment, and enhanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption compared with those of non-inoculated seedlings. Trichoderma longibrachiatum treatment alleviated the damage to cell membranes and needle tissue structure, and significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic substance contents, and photosynthesis in P. massoniana in response to drought stress. Soil nutrient contents, activities of sucrase, phosphatase, and urease as well as the relative abundances of the dominant genera Burkholderia, Rhodanobacter, and Trichoderma were elevated in the rhizosphere soil of P. massoniana inoculated with T. longibrachiatum under drought stress. A network analysis showed that certain crucial dominant taxa driven by T. longibrachiatum inoculation, including Penicillium, Trichoderma, Simplicillium, Saitozyma, Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Sinomonas, and Mycobacterium, had more correlations with other microorganisms in the soil. Trichoderma longibrachiatum enhanced P. massoniana seedling growth under drought stress by regulating physiological responses and soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Yu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongyun Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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Zhao Z, Zheng X, Han Z, Yang S, Zhang H, Lin T, Zhou C. Response mechanisms of Chlorella sorokiniana to microplastics and PFOA stress: Photosynthesis, oxidative stress, extracellular polymeric substances and antioxidant system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138256. [PMID: 36858114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Co-pollution of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is prevailing in the aquatic environment. However, the risks of coexisting microplastics and PFAS on organisms remain unknown. This study investigated the response mechanisms of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana) under polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) stress, including toxicity and defense mechanisms. C. sorokiniana was exposed to PS-MPs (10 mg/L) and PFOA (0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/L) and their mixtures for 96 h, respectively. We found that the dominant toxicity mechanism of PFOA and PS-MPs to C. sorokiniana was dissimilar. PS-MPs mainly inhibited photosynthesis through shading effect, while PFOA mainly induced oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species. The co-exposure of PFOA and PS-MPs aggravated biotoxicity (maximum inhibition rate: 27.27 ± 2.44%), such as photosynthesis inhibition, physical damage, and oxidative stress, compared with individuals. To alleviate toxicity, C. sorokiniana activated defense mechanisms. Extracellular polymeric substances were the first barrier to protect cells, the effect on its secretion was ordered PS-MPs+5PFOA > PS-MPs > 5PFOA, and IBRv2 values were 2.37, 1.35, 1.11, respectively. Antioxidant system was thought of second defense pathway, the influence order of treatment groups was PS-MPs+5PFOA > 5PFOA > PS-MPs, and its IBRv2 values were 2.89, 1.69, 0.25, respectively. Our findings provide valuable information on the complex impacts of PFOA and PS-MPs, which facilitate the ecological risk assessment of multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Zongshuo Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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12
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Omar NM, Fleury K, Beardsall B, Prášil O, Campbell DA. Genomic capacities for Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism across marine phytoplankton. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284580. [PMID: 37098087 PMCID: PMC10128935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton produce and scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species, to support cellular processes, while limiting damaging reactions. Some prokaryotic picophytoplankton have, however, lost all genes encoding scavenging of hydrogen peroxide. Such losses of metabolic function can only apply to Reactive Oxygen Species which potentially traverse the cell membrane outwards, before provoking damaging intracellular reactions. We hypothesized that cell radius influences which elements of Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism are partially or fully dispensable from a cell. We therefore investigated genomes and transcriptomes from diverse marine eukaryotic phytoplankton, ranging from 0.4 to 44 μm radius, to analyze the genomic allocations encoding enzymes metabolizing Reactive Oxygen Species. Superoxide has high reactivity, short lifetimes and limited membrane permeability. Genes encoding superoxide scavenging are ubiquitous across phytoplankton, but the fractional gene allocation decreased with increasing cell radius, consistent with a nearly fixed set of core genes for scavenging superoxide pools. Hydrogen peroxide has lower reactivity, longer intracellular and extracellular lifetimes and readily crosses cell membranes. Genomic allocations to both hydrogen peroxide production and scavenging decrease with increasing cell radius. Nitric Oxide has low reactivity, long intracellular and extracellular lifetimes and readily crosses cell membranes. Neither Nitric Oxide production nor scavenging genomic allocations changed with increasing cell radius. Many taxa, however, lack the genomic capacity for nitric oxide production or scavenging. The probability of presence of capacity to produce nitric oxide decreases with increasing cell size, and is influenced by flagella and colony formation. In contrast, the probability of presence of capacity to scavenge nitric oxide increases with increasing cell size, and is again influenced by flagella and colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaman M Omar
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Katherine Fleury
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian Beardsall
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Trebon, CZ, Czech Republic
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Zhang X, Yang X, Huang Y, Hu J, Wu D, Yang N, Wang H. 2-Hydroxychalcone as a Novel Natural Photosynthesis Inhibitor against Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15069-15079. [PMID: 36444958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms has been becoming a global challenge. The development of eco-friendly algicides with strong specificity is urgently needed. The photosynthetic apparatus is a promising target site for algicides to minimize the possible harmful effects on animals and humans. In this study, biologically derived 2-hydroxychalcone efficiently inhibited the growth of bloom-forming M. aeruginosa by selectively interfering with photosynthesis. 2-Hydroxychalcone targeting Photosystem II (PSII) inhibited electron transfer between the primary and secondary electron acceptors (QA and QB) and the binding of plastoquinone (PQ) molecules to the QB binding pocket at the acceptor side of PSII, as revealed by polyphasic chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence induction and QA- reoxidation kinetics. Molecular docking for 2-hydroxychalcone to D1 protein and the proteomic responses of M. aeruginosa suggested that 2-hydroxychalcone formed a stable monodentate ligand with the nonheme iron in D1 protein, provoking significant modulation of PSII proteins. The unique binding mode of 2-hydroxychalcone with PSII differentiated it from classical PSII inhibitors. Furthermore, 2-hydroxychalcone down-regulated the expression of microcystin (MC) synthesis-related genes to restrain MC synthesis and release. These results indicated the potential application of 2-hydroxychalcone as an algicide or a template scaffold for designing novel derivatives with superior algicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Jinlu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710072, China
| | - Diao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Niu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
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14
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Zhang M, Zeng Y, Peng R, Dong J, Lan Y, Duan S, Chang Z, Ren J, Luo G, Liu B, Růžička K, Zhao K, Wang HB, Jin HL. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates photosynthesis during photodamage in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7441. [PMID: 36460653 PMCID: PMC9718803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNAs affects many biological processes. However, the function of m6A in plant photosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that m6A modification is crucial for photosynthesis during photodamage caused by high light stress in plants. The m6A modification levels of numerous photosynthesis-related transcripts are changed after high light stress. We determine that the Arabidopsis m6A writer VIRILIZER (VIR) positively regulates photosynthesis, as its genetic inactivation drastically lowers photosynthetic activity and photosystem protein abundance under high light conditions. The m6A levels of numerous photosynthesis-related transcripts decrease in vir mutants, extensively reducing their transcript and translation levels, as revealed by multi-omics analyses. We demonstrate that VIR associates with the transcripts of genes encoding proteins with functions related to photoprotection (such as HHL1, MPH1, and STN8) and their regulatory proteins (such as regulators of transcript stability and translation), promoting their m6A modification and maintaining their stability and translation efficiency. This study thus reveals an important mechanism for m6A-dependent maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency in plants under high light stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.484195.5Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, 510640 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunping Zeng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Peng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yelin Lan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Duan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Chang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ren
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanzheng Luo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamil Růžička
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kewei Zhao
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.263, Longxi Avenue, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Jin
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.263, Longxi Avenue, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Ai S, Wei J, Yang X, Huang Y, Hu J, Wang Q, Wang H. Biphasic effects of typical chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants on Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113813. [PMID: 36068742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential accumulation of chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) in aquatic environments sparked interest in studying the effects of Cl-OPFRs on cyanobacterial blooms. In this work, two common Cl-OPFRs, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), induced dose-dependent biphasic effect on bloom-forming M. aeruginosa. The hormetic response to low-dose Cl-OPFRs was associated with the upregulation of the type I NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) complex and its mediated cyclic electron transfer (CET) pathway, as reflected by a transient post-illumination increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, the dark reduction of P700+ and the change of NDH-1-related gene expression. The increased CET activity and carotenoid content jointly reduced the intracellular ROS production, facilitating cyanobacterial growth. Conversely, a higher concentration of both Cl-OPFRs induced severe inhibition of growth and photosynthetic oxygen-evolving activity through an imbalance between PSII and PSI. Toxic-dose Cl-OPFRs inhibited state transition and fixed cells into the State I with a higher PSII/PSI ratio, as indicated by chlorophyll fluorescence induction, 77 K fluorescence emission spectra and photosystem stoichiometry. The elevated PSII/PSI ratio created an imbalance between the two photosystems and eventually lead to ROS overproduction, which generate adverse effects on cell growth. This work provides important insights into the hormetic mechanism of Cl-OPFRs on Microcystis aeruginosa and their potential roles in harmful cyanobacteria blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sijie Ai
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jialu Wei
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jinlu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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16
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Ivanov B, Borisova-Mubarakshina M, Vilyanen D, Vetoshkina D, Kozuleva M. Cooperative pathway of O2 reduction to H2O2 in chloroplast thylakoid membrane: new insight into the Mehler reaction. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:857-869. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Competitive interaction of Mn(II) and Fe(II) cations with the high-affinity Mn-binding site of the photosystem II: evolutionary aspect. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:113-128. [PMID: 35796895 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary origin of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in the photosystem II (PSII) is still unclear, as is the nature of electron source for the photosystem before the OEC had appeared. Johnson et al. (in PNAS 110:11238, 2013) speculated that Mn(II) cations were the source of electrons for transitional photosystems. However, Archean oceans also contained Fe(II) cations at concentrations comparable or higher than that of Mn(II). Fe(II) cations can bind to the high-affinity (НА) Mn-binding site in the OEC (Semin et al. in Biochemistry 41:5854, 2002). Now we have investigated the competitive interaction of Mn(II) and Fe(II) cations with the HA site in the Mn-depleted PSII membranes (PSII[-Mn]). Fe cations, oxidized under illumination, bind strongly to the HA site and, thus, prevent the interaction of Mn(II) with this site. If the Mn(II) and Fe(II) cations, at relatively equal concentration, are simultaneously present in the buffer, together with PSII(-Mn) membranes, there is competition between these two cations for the binding site, which manifests itself in partial inhibition of the Mn(II) oxidation and the blocking of the HA site by Fe(II) cations. If the concentration of Fe(II) cations is several times higher than the concentration of Mn(II), the HA site is completely blocked and the oxidation of Mn(II) cations is inhibited; under saturating light, the effectiveness of this inhibitory effect increases. This may be due to the generation of H2O2 on the acceptor side of the photosystem, which significantly accelerates the rate of the turnover reaction of Mn(II) on the HA site.
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18
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Jiang Y, Fang Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang J. Community succession during the preventive control of cyanobacterial bloom by hydrogen peroxide in an aquatic microcosm. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113546. [PMID: 35468443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally friendly algaecide with good prospects for cyanobacterial bloom control. In this study, 0.2-1.5 mg L-1 of H2O2 was applied to an aquatic microcosm containing cyanobacteria, bacteria, and eukaryotic phytoplankton at the early cyanobacterial growth stage·H2O2 generated hormesis in cyanobacteria at 0.2 mg L-1; significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited cyanobacterial growth, cyanobacterial photosynthesis, and microcystin production at 0.5-1.5 mg L-1; and effectively prevented the formation of cyanobacterial bloom without generating adverse effects on eukaryotic phytoplankton at 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1. Application of 0.5-1.5 mg L-1 H2O2 directly inhibited the abundance of five typical bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera (Microcystis, Anabeana, Synechococcus, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria), which were negatively correlated with four bacterial genera (Actinotalea, Flavobacterium, Fluviicola, and Exiguobacterium) and five eukaryotic phytoplankton genera (Cyclotella, Desmodesmus, Dinobryon, Fragilaria, and Mychonastes) and positively correlated with six proteobacterial genera (Brevundimonas, Devosia, Limnohabitans, Porphyrobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rhodobacter). After application of 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1 H2O2 for 15 days, H2O2-treated groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) different prokaryotic community structures from that of the control group at the bloom stage (15th day), while eukaryotic community structures in H2O2-treated groups remained stable and showed high similarity with that of the control group at a non-bloom stage (5th day). Application of low-dose H2O2 during the early cyanobacterial growth stage could effectively prevent the formation of cyanobacterial blooms without disrupting non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Youshuai Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Binhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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19
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Pospíšil P, Kumar A, Prasad A. Reactive oxygen species in photosystem II: relevance for oxidative signaling. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:245-260. [PMID: 35644020 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in photosystem II (PSII) under various types of abiotic and biotic stresses. It is considered that ROS play a role in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, which changes the nuclear gene expression. However, as ROS lifetime and diffusion are restricted due to the high reactivity towards biomolecules (lipids, pigments, and proteins) and the spatial specificity of signal transduction is low, it is not entirely clear how ROS might transduce signal from the chloroplasts to the nucleus. Biomolecule oxidation was formerly connected solely with damage; nevertheless, the evidence appears that oxidatively modified lipids and pigments are be involved in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling due to their long diffusion distance. Moreover, oxidatively modified proteins show high spatial specificity; however, their role in signal transduction from chloroplasts to the nucleus has not been proven yet. The review attempts to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the involvement of ROS in oxidative signaling in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1025-1034. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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Multi-Fold Enhancement of Tocopherol Yields Employing High CO2 Supplementation and Nitrate Limitation in Native Isolate Monoraphidium sp. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081315. [PMID: 35455994 PMCID: PMC9032582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols are the highly active form of the antioxidant molecules involved in scavenging of free radicals and protect the cell membranes from reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we focused on employing carbon supplementation with varying nitrate concentrations to enhance the total tocopherol yields in the native isolate Monoraphidium sp. CABeR41. The total tocopherol productivity of NRHC (Nitrate replete + 3% CO2) supplemented was (306.14 µg·L−1 d−1) which was nearly 2.5-fold higher compared to NRVLC (Nitrate replete + 0.03% CO2) (60.35 µg·L−1 d−1). The best tocopherol productivities were obtained in the NLHC (Nitrate limited + 3% CO2) supplemented cells (734.38 µg·L−1 d−1) accompanied by a significant increase in cell biomass (2.65-fold) and total lipids (6.25-fold). Further, global metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was done in the defined conditions to elucidate the molecular mechanism during tocopherol accumulation. In the present study, the Monoraphidium sp. responded to nitrogen limitation by increase in nitrogen assimilation, with significant upregulation in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Moreover, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle upregulation depicted increased availability of carbon skeletons and reducing power, which is leading to increased biomass yields along with the other biocommodities. In conclusion, our study depicts valorization of carbon dioxide as a cost-effective alternative for the enhancement of biomass along with tocopherols and other concomitant products like lipids and carotenoids in the indigenous strain Monoraphidium sp., as an industrial potential strain with relevance in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Bacillus subtilis Inoculation Improves Nutrient Uptake and Physiological Activity in Sugarcane under Drought Stress. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040809. [PMID: 35456859 PMCID: PMC9029642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Throughout the sugarcane’s growth stages, periods of drought are common, causing detrimental effects on plant growth. Therefore, the search for strategies for minimizing the impact of drought on sugarcane development is of great interest. Plant growth-promoting bacteria hold the potential for improving tolerance to drought in agricultural systems. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate whether inoculation with Bacillus subtilis can reduce the negative effects of drought on the nutritional, physiological, and morphological characteristics of sugarcane plants. For this, sugarcane was cultivated in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions of water and temperature, with the aid of four treatments: without and with inoculation of B. subtilis, in normal conditions of water availability, and in conditions of water restriction (2 × 2 factorial), with four replications. In treatments with inoculation, the pre-emerged seedlings were immersed in a B. subtilis solution and transplanted into experimental pots. Our results showed that inoculation with B. subtilis improved plant nutrition and chlorophyll concentrations. As a result, the gas exchange parameters (especially net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency) were also improved, even under drought conditions. In addition, stress parameters (antioxidant metabolism activity) were reduced in inoculated plants. The sum of these beneficial effects resulted in increased root growth, tillering, stalk weight, and higher sucrose concentration in the stalks.
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Fei L, Chu J, Zhang X, Dong S, Dai X, He M. Physiological and Proteomic Analyses Indicate Delayed Sowing Improves Photosynthetic Capacity in Wheat Flag Leaves Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848464. [PMID: 35401629 PMCID: PMC8988879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Climate warming has become an indisputable fact, and wheat is among the most heat-sensitive cereal crops. Heat stress during grain filling threatens global wheat production and food security. Here, we analyzed the physiological and proteomic changes by delayed sowing on the photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat leaves under heat stress. Our aim is to provide a new cultivation way for the heat stress resistance in wheat. METHODS Through 2 years field experiment and an open warming simulation system, we compared the changes in wheat grain weight, yield, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under heat stress at late grain-filling stage during normal sowing and delayed sowing. At the same time, based on the iTRAQ proteomics, we compared the changes of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during the two sowing periods under high temperature stress. KEY RESULTS In our study, compared with normal sowing, delayed sowing resulted in a significantly higher photosynthetic rate during the grain-filling stage under heat stress, as well as significantly increased grain weight and yield at maturity. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OJIP) analysis showed that delayed sowing significantly reduced the J-step and I-step. Moreover, OJIP parameters, including RC/CSm, TRo/CSm, ETo/CSm, DIo/CSm and ΦPo, ψo, ΦEo, were significantly increased; DIo/CSm and ΦDo, were significantly reduced. GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that, among DEPs, proteins involved in photosynthetic electron transport were significantly increased and among photosynthetic metabolic pathways, we have observed upregulated proteins, such as PsbH, PsbR, and PetB. CONCLUSION Physiological and proteomic analyses indicate delaying the sowing date of winter wheat reduced heat dissipation by enhancing the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in flag leaves, and ensuring energy transmission along the photosynthetic electron transport chain; this increased the distribution ratio of available energy in photochemical reactions and maintained a high photosynthetic system assimilation capacity, which supported a high photosynthetic rate. Hence, delayed sowing may represent a new cultivation strategy for promoting heat stress tolerance in winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinpeng Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuxin Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingrong He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Jócsák I, Gyalog H, Hoffmann R, Somfalvi-Tóth K. In-Vivo Biophoton Emission, Physiological and Oxidative Responses of Biostimulant-Treated Winter Wheat (Triticum eastivum L.) as Seed Priming Possibility, for Heat Stress Alleviation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050640. [PMID: 35270110 PMCID: PMC8912532 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High temperature induces oxidative processes in wheat, the alleviation of which is promising using biostimulants. Priming has been used for enhancing stress tolerance of seedlings. However, the usage of biostimulants for priming is an unexplored area under either normal or stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heat stress alleviation capability of differentially applied biostimulant treatments on wheat seedlings. The investigation included stress parameters (fresh/dry weight ratio, chlorophyll content estimation, antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidation) combined with biophoton emission measurement, since with this latter non-invasive technique, it is possible to measure and elucidate in vivo stress conditions in real-time using lipid oxidation-related photon emissions. We confirmed that a single biostimulant pretreatment increased antioxidant capacity and decreased biophoton release and lipid oxidation, indicating the reduction of the harmful effects of heat stress. Therefore, biophoton emission proved to be suitable for detecting and imaging the effects of heat stress on wheat seedlings for the first time. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that biostimulant (p = 4.01 × 10−7) treatments, temperature (p = 9.07 × 10−8), and the interaction of the two factors (p = 2.07 × 10−5) had a significant effect on the overall count per second values of biophoton emission, predicting more efficient biostimulant utilization practices, even for seed priming purposes.
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Wang Y, Gao C, Qu Z, Li M. The combined toxicity of binary mixtures of antibiotics against the cyanobacterium Microcystis is dose-dependent: insight from a theoretical nonlinear combined toxicity assessment method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11612-11624. [PMID: 34537942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The entry of antibiotics into aquatic ecosystems has a serious impact. Antibiotics usually exist as mixtures in natural water bodies. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate the mixed toxicity of antibiotic mixtures. The study of the combined toxicity of binary mixtures of antibiotics is the basis for exploring the mixed toxicity of multiple antibiotics. In this investigation, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was used as the test organism, and a theoretical nonlinear combined toxicity assessment method was adopted to evaluate the effects of binary mixtures of antibiotics consisting of tetracycline (TC), sulfadiazine (SD), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on cell growth, enzymatic activity, and gene expression. The median lethal concentrations of TC, SD, and SMX to M. aeruginosa were 0.52 mg L-1, 1.65 mg L-1, and 0.71 mg L-1, respectively. The results from the theoretical nonlinear combined toxicity assessment method showed that SD + TC was synergistic at low concentrations and antagonistic at high concentrations, while the combinations of SMX + SD and SMX + TC were synergistic. The determination of enzymatic activity and gene expression indicated that the antibiotics could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa by destroying the cell membrane structure, inhibiting photosynthesis, impeding the cell division process and the electron transfer process, and destroying the molecular structure of proteins and DNA. Different combinations of antibiotics have different degrees of damage to the antioxidant system and cell membrane self-repair function of M. aeruginosa, which are the reasons for the different combined toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyong Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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A Novel Algicidal Bacterium, Microbulbifer sp. YX04, Triggered Oxidative Damage and Autophagic Cell Death in Phaeocystis globosa, Which Causes Harmful Algal Blooms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0093421. [PMID: 35019679 PMCID: PMC8754136 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00934-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeocystis globosa causes severe marine pollution by forming harmful algal blooms and releasing hemolytic toxins and is therefore harmful to marine ecosystems and aquaculture industries. In this study, Microbulbifer sp. YX04 exerted high algicidal activity against P. globosa by producing and secreting metabolites. The algicidal activity of the YX04 supernatant was stable after exposure to different temperatures (−80 to 100°C) and pH values (4 to 12) for 2 h, suggesting that algicidal substances could temporarily be stored under these temperature and pH value conditions. To explore the algicidal process and mechanism, morphological and structural changes, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, autophagic flux, and global gene expression were investigated. Biochemical analyses showed that the YX04 supernatant induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which caused lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in P. globosa. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and the significant decrease in both maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and relative electron transfer rate (rETR) indicated damage to thylakoid membranes and destruction of photosynthetic system function. Immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and TEM analyses indicated that cellular damage caused autophagosome formation and triggered large-scale autophagic flux in P. globosa. Transcriptome analysis revealed many P. globosa genes that were differentially expressed in response to YX04 stress, most of which were involved in photosynthesis, respiration, cytoskeleton, microtubule, and autophagosome formation and fusion processes, which may trigger autophagic cell death. In addition to P. globosa, the YX04 supernatant showed high algicidal activity against Thalassiosira pseudonana, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Prorocentrum donghaiense. This study highlights multiple mechanisms underlying YX04 supernatant toxicity toward P. globosa and its potential for controlling the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. IMPORTANCEP. globosa is one of the most notorious harmful algal bloom (HAB)-causing species, which can secrete hemolytic toxins, frequently cause serious ecological pollution, and pose a health hazard to animals and humans. Hence, screening for bacteria with high algicidal activity against P. globosa and studies on the algicidal characteristics and mechanism will contribute to providing an ecofriendly microorganism-controlling agent for preventing the occurrence of algal blooms and reducing the harm of algal blooms to the environment. Our study first reported the algicidal characteristic and mechanism of Microbulbifer sp. YX04 against P. globosa and demonstrated that P. globosa shows different response mechanisms, including movement ability, antioxidative systems, photosynthetic systems, gene expression, and cell death mode, to adapt to the adverse environment when algicidal compounds are present.
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Challabathula D, Analin B, Mohanan A, Bakka K. Differential modulation of photosynthesis, ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities in stress-sensitive and -tolerant rice cultivars during salinity and drought upon restriction of COX and AOX pathways of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153583. [PMID: 34871988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salt stresses are two major abiotic stress factors that hamper crop growth and productivity. Three rice cultivars with different sensitivity and tolerance towards abiotic stress were used in the current study. While cultivar Aiswarya is salt- and drought-sensitive, cultivar Vyttila is salt-tolerant and cultivar Vaisakh is drought-tolerant. We compared the physiological and biochemical responses of these rice cultivars under salt and drought stress conditions after restricting their cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways using antimycin A and salicylhydroxamic acid treatment. Further, changes in their expression of AOX genes and corresponding protein levels were compared and analysed. The sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars subjected to drought and salt stress showed differential responses in physiological and biochemical traits. Whereas Aiswarya showed clear phenotypic differences, such as stunted growth, leaf curling, and loss of greening in leaf tissues, with increase in salt content and progressive drought stress, Vyttila and Vaisakh showed no remarkable changes. Moreover, the drought-tolerant cultivar rehydrated after 10 days of drought exposure, whereas the sensitive variety did not show any rehydration of leaf tissue. The leaves of the tolerant cultivars showed lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than that of the sensitive plants under drought and salt stress conditions because of the activation of a stronger antioxidant defence. Although, the restriction of COX and AOX pathways increased the susceptibility of sensitive cultivars, it affected the tolerant varieties moderately. Higher photosynthetic rates, an efficient antioxidant system comprising higher superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activity along with higher AOX1a gene expression levels during drought and salt stress were observed in tolerant cultivars. The results suggest that an efficient antioxidant system and increased transcription of the AOX1a gene along with higher AOX protein levels are important for tolerant rice cultivars to maintain higher photosynthesis rates, lower ROS, and stress tolerance. Restriction of COX and AOX pathways impact the photosynthesis, ROS, and antioxidant enzymes in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. The restriction of COX and AOX pathways have a stronger impact on gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of the sensitive cultivar than on that of the tolerant cultivars owing to the higher photosynthetic rates in tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakar Challabathula
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
| | - Benedict Analin
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Akhil Mohanan
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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Reza AHMM, Zhu X, Qin J, Tang Y. Microalgae-Derived Health Supplements to Therapeutic Shifts: Redox-Based Study Opportunities with AIE-Based Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101223. [PMID: 34468087 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules, serve the normal signaling in different cell types. Targeting ROS as the chemical signals, different stress based strategies have been developed to synthesis different anti-inflammatory molecules in microalgae. These molecules could be utilized as health supplements in human. To provoke the ROS-mediated defence systems, their connotation with the associated conditions must be well understood, therefore, proper tools for studying ROS in natural state are essential. The in vivo detection of ROS with phosphorescent probes offers promising opportunities to study these molecules in a non-invasive manner. Most of the common problems in the traditional fluorescent probes are lower photostability, excitation intensity, slow responsiveness, and the microenvironment that challenge their performance. Some ROS-specific aggregationinduced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with pronounced spatial and temporal resolution have recently demonstrated high selectivity, rapid responsiveness, and efficacies to resolve the aggregation-caused quenching issues. The nanocomposites of some AIE-photosensitizers can also improve the ROS-mediated photodynamic therapy. These AIEgens could be used to induce bioactive components in microalgae through altering the ROS signaling, therefore are more auspicious for biomedical research. This study reviews the prospects of AIEgen-based technologies to understand the ROS mediated bio-physiological processes in microalgae for better healthcare benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. M. Mohsinul Reza
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology Medical Device Research Institute College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Xiaochen Zhu
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology Medical Device Research Institute College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Jianguang Qin
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Youhong Tang
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology Medical Device Research Institute College of Science and Engineering Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia
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Liu X, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Lyu H, Huang H, Fan Z. Anti-oxidant mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under acute GenX exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149005. [PMID: 34311359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GenX, a substitute for perfluorooctanoic acid, has been widely detected in surface water. Due to its bioaccumulation, toxicity and persistence, GenX can cause adverse effects such as oxidative damage on aquatic organisms. To investigate the toxicity of GenX and the anti-oxidant mechanism of algae under acute exposure, the growth, photosynthetic activity and gene expression of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were tested. Results showed that the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was inhibited under acute GenX exposure. The toxicity of GenX increased with time and concentration but was lower than that of the traditional perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Furthermore, with the increase of GenX concentration, the production of reactive oxygen species increased, while the level of the anti-oxidant enzyme first increased and then decreased. Changes in photosynthetic parameters also indicated that the photosynthetic system of C. pyrenoidosa was negatively affected by GenX exposure. Transcription analysis revealed that the up-regulation of genes related to the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and photosynthesis is a positive strategy to cope with the oxidative stress caused by acute GenX exposure. Our findings provide new insights into the interactions between emerging PFASs and aquatic organisms at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoxuan Lyu
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Honghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Physiological and Molecular Analysis Reveals the Differences of Photosynthesis between Colored and Green Leaf Poplars. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168982. [PMID: 34445687 PMCID: PMC8396459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf coloration changes evoke different photosynthetic responses among different poplar cultivars. The aim of this study is to investigate the photosynthetic difference between a red leaf cultivar (ZHP) and a green leaf (L2025) cultivar of Populus deltoides. In this study, ‘ZHP’ exhibited wide ranges and huge potential for absorption and utilization of light energy and CO2 concentration which were similar to those in ‘L2025’ and even showed a stronger absorption for weak light. However, with the increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration, the photosynthetic capacity in both ‘L2025’ and ‘ZHP’ was gradually restricted, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in ‘ZHP’ was significantly lower than that in ‘L2025’under high light or high CO2 conditions, which was mainly attributed to stomatal regulation and different photosynthetic efficiency (including the light energy utilization efficiency and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation efficiency) in these two poplars. Moreover, the higher anthocyanin content in ‘ZHP’ than that in ‘L2025’ was considered to be closely related to the decreased photosynthetic efficiency in ‘ZHP’. According to the results from the JIP-test, the capture efficiency of the reaction center for light energy in ‘L2025’ was significantly higher than that in ‘ZHP’. Interestingly, the higher levels of light quantum caused relatively higher accumulation of QA- in ‘L2025’, which blocked the electron transport and weakened the photosystem II (PSII) performance as compared with ‘ZHP’; however, the decreased capture of light quantum also could not promote the utilization of light energy, which was the key to the low photosynthetic efficiency in ‘ZHP’. The differential expressions of a series of photosynthesis-related genes further promoted these specific photosynthetic processes between ‘L2025’ and ‘ZHP’.
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Silicon via nutrient solution modulates deficient and sufficient manganese sugar and energy cane antioxidant systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16900. [PMID: 34413411 PMCID: PMC8376992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is highly demanded by Poaceae, and its deficiency induces physiological and biochemical responses in plants. Silicon (Si), which is beneficial to plants under various stress conditions, may also play an important role in plants without stress. However, the physiological and nutritional mechanisms of Si to improve Mn nutrition in sugarcane and energy cane, in addition to mitigating deficiency stress, are still unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the mechanisms of action of Si are related to the nutrition of Mn by modulating the antioxidant defense system of sugarcane plants and energy cane plants cultivated in nutrient solution, favoring the physiological and growth factors of plants cultivated under Mn deficiency or sufficiency. Two experiments were carried out with pre-sprouted seedlings of Saccharum officinarum L. and Saccharum spontaneum L. grown in the nutrient solution. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Plants were grown under Mn sufficiency (20.5 µmol L−1) and the deficiency (0.1 µmol L−1) associated with the absence and presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). Mn deficiency caused oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing GPOX activity, contents of phenols, pigments, and photosynthetic efficiency, and led to the growth of both studied species. Si improved the response of both species to Mn supply. The attenuation of the effects of Mn deficiency by Si depends on species, with a higher benefit for Saccharum spontaneum. Its performance is involved in reducing the degradation of cells by reactive oxygen species (21%), increasing the contents of phenols (18%), carotenoids (64%), proteins, modulating SOD activity, and improving photosynthetic and growth responses.
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Kozuleva M, Petrova A, Milrad Y, Semenov A, Ivanov B, Redding KE, Yacoby I. Phylloquinone is the principal Mehler reaction site within photosystem I in high light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1848-1858. [PMID: 34618103 PMCID: PMC8331129 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a vital process, responsible for fixing carbon dioxide, and producing most of the organic matter on the planet. However, photosynthesis has some inherent limitations in utilizing solar energy, and a part of the energy absorbed is lost in the reduction of O2 to produce the superoxide radical (O2•-) via the Mehler reaction, which occurs principally within photosystem I (PSI). For decades, O2 reduction within PSI was assumed to take place solely in the distal iron-sulfur clusters rather than within the two asymmetrical cofactor branches. Here, we demonstrate that under high irradiance, O2 photoreduction by PSI primarily takes place at the phylloquinone of one of the branches (the A-branch). This conclusion derives from the light dependency of the O2 photoreduction rate constant in fully mature wild-type PSI from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, complexes lacking iron-sulfur clusters, and a mutant PSI, in which phyllosemiquinone at the A-branch has a significantly longer lifetime. We suggest that the Mehler reaction at the phylloquinone site serves as a release valve under conditions where both the iron-sulfur clusters of PSI and the mobile ferredoxin pool are highly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kozuleva
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anastasia Petrova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuval Milrad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alexey Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Kevin E Redding
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Author for communication:
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Zavafer A. A theoretical framework of the hybrid mechanism of photosystem II photodamage. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:107-120. [PMID: 34338941 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodamage of photosystem II is a significant physiological process that is prevalent in the fields of photobiology, photosynthesis research and plant/algal stress. Since its discovery, numerous efforts have been devoted to determine the causes and mechanisms of action of photosystem II photodamage. There are two contrasting hypotheses to explain photodamage: (1) the excitation pressure induced by light absorption by the photosynthetic pigments and (2) direct photodamage of the Mn cluster located at the water-splitting site, which is independent of excitation pressure. While these two hypotheses seemed mutually exclusive, during the last decade, several independent works have proposed an alternative approach indicating that both hypotheses are valid. This was termed the dual hypothesis of photosystem II photodamage, and it postulates that both excess excitation and direct Mn photodamage operate at the same time, independently or in a synergic manner, depending on the type of sample, temperature, light spectrum, or other environmental stressors. In this mini-review, a brief summary of the contrasting hypotheses is presented, followed by recapitulation of key discoveries in the field of photosystem II photodamage of the last decade, and a synthesis of how these works support a full hybrid framework (operation of several mechanisms and their permutations) to explain PSII photodamage. All these are in recognition of Prof. Wah Soon Chow (the Australian National University), one of the key proposers of the dual hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Zavafer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Bashir F, Rehman AU, Szabó M, Vass I. Singlet oxygen damages the function of Photosystem II in isolated thylakoids and in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:93-105. [PMID: 34009505 PMCID: PMC8382655 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an important damaging agent, which is produced during illumination by the interaction of the triplet excited state pigment molecules with molecular oxygen. In cells of photosynthetic organisms 1O2 is formed primarily in chlorophyll containing complexes, and damages pigments, lipids, proteins and other cellular constituents in their environment. A useful approach to study the physiological role of 1O2 is the utilization of external photosensitizers. In the present study, we employed a multiwell plate-based screening method in combination with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to characterize the effect of externally produced 1O2 on the photosynthetic activity of isolated thylakoid membranes and intact Chlorella sorokiniana cells. The results show that the external 1O2 produced by the photosensitization reactions of Rose Bengal damages Photosystem II both in isolated thylakoid membranes and in intact cells in a concentration dependent manner indicating that 1O2 plays a significant role in photodamage of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Bashir
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Imre Vass
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary.
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Havurinne V, Handrich M, Antinluoma M, Khorobrykh S, Gould SB, Tyystjärvi E. Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5553-5568. [PMID: 33989402 PMCID: PMC8318255 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The kleptoplastic sea slug Elysia chlorotica consumes Vaucheria litorea, stealing its plastids, which then photosynthesize inside the animal cells for months. We investigated the properties of V. litorea plastids to understand how they withstand the rigors of photosynthesis in isolation. Transcription of specific genes in laboratory-isolated V. litorea plastids was monitored for 7 days. The involvement of plastid-encoded FtsH, a key plastid maintenance protease, in recovery from photoinhibition in V. litorea was estimated in cycloheximide-treated cells. In vitro comparison of V. litorea and spinach thylakoids was applied to investigate reactive oxygen species formation in V. litorea. In comparison to other tested genes, the transcripts of ftsH and translation elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) decreased slowly in isolated V. litorea plastids. Higher levels of FtsH were also evident in cycloheximide-treated cells during recovery from photoinhibition. Charge recombination in PSII of V. litorea was found to be fine-tuned to produce only small quantities of singlet oxygen, and the plastids also contained reactive oxygen species-protective compounds. Our results support the view that the genetic characteristics of the plastids are crucial in creating a photosynthetic sea slug. The plastid's autonomous repair machinery is likely enhanced by low singlet oxygen production and elevated expression of FtsH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Havurinne
- Department of Biotechnology/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Handrich
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mikko Antinluoma
- Department of Biotechnology/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sergey Khorobrykh
- Department of Biotechnology/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sven B Gould
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biotechnology/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Inhibitory effects of ultralow-dose sodium hypochlorite on Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris: Differences in sensitivity and physiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774. [PMCID: PMC9754889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of residual free chlorine has been emphasized as an effective disinfectant; however, the discharged residual chlorine is associated with potential ecological risk at concentrations even below 0.1 mg/L. However, the influence of free chlorine at ultralow-doses (far below 0.01 mg/L) on phytoplankton remains unclear. Due to limitations of detection limit and non-linear dissolution, different dilution rates (1/500, 1/1000, 1/5000, 1/10000, and 1/50000 DR) of a NaClO stock solution (1 mg/L) were adopted to represent ultralow-dose NaClO gradients. Two typical microalgae species, cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris, were explored under solo- and co-culture conditions to analyze the inhibitory effects of NaClO on microalgae growth and membrane damage. Additionally, the effects of ultralow-dose NaClO on photosynthesis activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and esterase activity were investigated, in order to explore physiological changes and sensitivity. With an initial microalgae cell density of approximately 1 × 106 cell/mL, an inhibitory effect on M. aeruginosa was achieved at a NaClO dosage above 1/10000 DR, which was lower than that of C. vulgaris (above 1/5000 DR). The variation in membrane integrity and photosynthetic activity further demonstrated that the sensitivity of M. aeruginosa to NaClO was higher than that of C. vulgaris, both in solo- and co-culture conditions. Moreover, NaClO is able to interfere with photosynthetic activity, ROS levels, and esterase activity. Photosynthetic activity declined gradually in both microalgae species under sensitive NaClO dosage, but esterase activity increased more rapidly in M. aeruginosa, similar to the behavior of ROS in C. vulgaris. These findings of differing NaClO sensitivity and variations in physiological activity between the two microalgae species contribute to a clearer understanding of the potential ecological risk associated with ultralow-dose chlorine, and provide a basis for practical considerations.
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Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Dissipation of Light Energy Absorbed in Excess: The Molecular Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:47-76. [PMID: 34143647 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This variability means that light collected by the light-harvesting system is often in excess with respect to photon fluence or spectral quality in the context of the capacity of photosynthetic metabolism to use ATP and reductants produced from the light reactions. Absorption of excess light can lead to increased production of excited, highly reactive intermediates, which expose photosynthetic organisms to serious risks of oxidative damage. Prevention and management of such stress are performed by photoprotective mechanisms, which operate by cutting down light absorption, limiting the generation of redox-active molecules, or scavenging reactive oxygen species that are released despite the operation of preventive mechanisms. Here, we describe the major physiological and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection involved in the harmless removal of the excess light energy absorbed by green algae and land plants. In vivo analyses of mutants targeting photosynthetic components and the enhanced resolution of spectroscopic techniques have highlighted specific mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from overexcitation. Recent findings unveil a network of multiple interacting elements, the reaction times of which vary from a millisecond to weeks, that continuously maintain photosynthetic organisms within the narrow safety range between efficient light harvesting and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Tocopherol controls D1 amino acid oxidation by oxygen radicals in Photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019246118. [PMID: 33479170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019246118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is an intrinsic membrane protein complex that functions as a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase in oxygenic photosynthesis. Electron transport in PSII is associated with formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative modifications of PSII proteins. In this study, oxidative modifications of the D1 and D2 proteins by the superoxide anion (O2 •-) and the hydroxyl (HO•) radicals were studied in WT and a tocopherol cyclase (vte1) mutant, which is deficient in the lipid-soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol. In the absence of this antioxidant, high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify oxidation of D1:130E to hydroxyglutamic acid by O2 •- at the PheoD1 site. Additionally, D1:246Y was modified to either tyrosine hydroperoxide or dihydroxyphenylalanine by O2 •- and HO•, respectively, in the vicinity of the nonheme iron. We propose that α-tocopherol is localized near PheoD1 and the nonheme iron, with its chromanol head exposed to the lipid-water interface. This helps to prevent oxidative modification of the amino acid's hydrogen that is bonded to PheoD1 and the nonheme iron (via bicarbonate), and thus protects electron transport in PSII from ROS damage.
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Rehman AU, Bashir F, Ayaydin F, Kóta Z, Páli T, Vass I. Proline is a quencher of singlet oxygen and superoxide both in in vitro systems and isolated thylakoids. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:7-18. [PMID: 33161571 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proline is a versatile plant metabolite, which is produced in large amounts in plants exposed to osmotic and oxidative stress. Proline has been shown to provide protection against various reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. On the other hand, its protective effect against singlet oxygen has been debated, and it is considered ineffective against superoxide. Here we used various methods for the detection of singlet oxygen (electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, spin trapping by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, fluorescence probing by singlet oxygen sensor green, SOSG, and oxygen uptake due to chemical trapping) and superoxide (oxygen uptake due to oxygen reduction) in vitro and in isolated thylakoids. We demonstrated that proline does quench both singlet oxygen and superoxide in vitro. By comparing the effects of chemical scavengers and physical quenchers, we concluded that proline eliminates singlet oxygen via a physical mechanism, with a bimolecular quenching rate of ca. 1.5-4 106 M-1 s-1 . Our data also show that proline can eliminate superoxide in vitro in a process that is likely to proceed via an electron transfer reaction. We could also show that proline does quench both singlet oxygen and superoxide produced in isolated thylakoids. The scavenging efficiency of proline is relatively small on a molar basis, but considering its presence in high amounts in plant cells under stress conditions it may provide a physiologically relevant contribution to ROS scavenging, supplementing other nonenzymatic ROS scavengers of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Faiza Bashir
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Ph.D. School in Biology of University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kóta
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Páli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
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Gjindali A, Herrmann HA, Schwartz JM, Johnson GN, Calzadilla PI. A Holistic Approach to Study Photosynthetic Acclimation Responses of Plants to Fluctuating Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668512. [PMID: 33936157 PMCID: PMC8079764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants in natural environments receive light through sunflecks, the duration and distribution of these being highly variable across the day. Consequently, plants need to adjust their photosynthetic processes to avoid photoinhibition and maximize yield. Changes in the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to sustained changes in the environment are referred to as photosynthetic acclimation, a process that involves changes in protein content and composition. Considering this definition, acclimation differs from regulation, which involves processes that alter the activity of individual proteins over short-time periods, without changing the abundance of those proteins. The interconnection and overlapping of the short- and long-term photosynthetic responses, which can occur simultaneously or/and sequentially over time, make the study of long-term acclimation to fluctuating light in plants challenging. In this review we identify short-term responses of plants to fluctuating light that could act as sensors and signals for acclimation responses, with the aim of understanding how plants integrate environmental fluctuations over time and tailor their responses accordingly. Mathematical modeling has the potential to integrate physiological processes over different timescales and to help disentangle short-term regulatory responses from long-term acclimation responses. We review existing mathematical modeling techniques for studying photosynthetic responses to fluctuating light and propose new methods for addressing the topic from a holistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armida Gjindali
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helena A. Herrmann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Giles N. Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo I. Calzadilla
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Werrie PY, Burgeon C, Le Goff GJ, Hance T, Fauconnier ML. Biopesticide Trunk Injection Into Apple Trees: A Proof of Concept for the Systemic Movement of Mint and Cinnamon Essential Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650132. [PMID: 33897739 PMCID: PMC8063119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of conventional pesticides is debated because of their multiple potential adverse effects on non-target organisms, human health, pest resistance development and environmental contaminations. In this setting, this study focused on developing alternatives, such as trunk-injected essential oil (EO)-based biopesticides. We analysed the ecophysiology of apple trees (Malus domestica) following the injection of Cinnamomum cassia and Mentha spicata nanoemulsions in the tree's vascular system. Targeted and untargeted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyses were performed on leaf-contained and leaf-emitted VOCs and analysed through dynamic headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS) and thermal desorption unit (TDU)-GC-MS. Our results showed that carvone, as a major constituent of the M. spicata EO, was contained in the leaves (mean concentrations ranging from 3.39 to 19.7 ng gDW -1) and emitted at a constant rate of approximately 0.2 ng gDW -1 h-1. Trans-cinnamaldehyde, C. cassia's major component, accumulated in the leaves (mean concentrations of 83.46 and 350.54 ng gDW -1) without being emitted. Furthermore, our results highlighted the increase in various VOCs following EO injection, both in terms of leaf-contained VOCs, such as methyl salicylate, and in terms of leaf-emitted VOCs, such as caryophyllene. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted differences in terms of VOC profiles. In addition, an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that the VOC profiles were significantly impacted by the treatment. Maximum yields of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were within the range of 0.80-0.85, indicating that the trees remained healthy throughout the experiment. Our targeted analysis demonstrated the systemic translocation of EOs through the plant's vascular system. The untargeted analysis, on the other hand, highlighted the potential systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction by these EOs. Lastly, C. cassia and M. spicata EOs did not appear phytotoxic to the treated trees, as demonstrated through chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Hence, this work can be seen as a proof of concept for the use of trunk-injected EOs given the systemic translocation, increased production and release of biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) and absence of phytotoxicity. Further works should focus on the ecological impact of such treatments in orchards, as well as apple quality and production yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Werrie
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Clément Burgeon
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Jean Le Goff
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. Mechanisms for the stimulatory effects of a five-component mixture of antibiotics in Microcystis aeruginosa at transcriptomic and proteomic levels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124722. [PMID: 33296757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contaminants could promote the formation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms through hormetic stimulation, but the mechanisms underlying these stimulatory effects remain unclear. This study investigated the biochemical, transcriptomic, and proteomic responses of a dominant bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to a five-component mixture of frequently detected antibiotics at current contamination levels. The growth rate of M. aeruginosa presented a U-shaped dose-response to 50-500 ng L-1 of mixed antibiotics. Alterations in the transcriptome of M. aeruginosa suggested the excitation of both photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, increasing energy generation in response to oxidative stress induced by low-dose antibiotics, and thus contributing to the significant (p < 0.05) increase in growth rate, Fv/Fm, and cell density. Comparison between transcriptomic and proteomic responses further confirmed the action mode of the mixed antibiotics. Proteins and their corresponding genes related to ROS scavenging, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and biosynthesis, showed consistent expression tendencies in response to 200 ng L-1 of mixed antibiotics, which were credible action targets of mixed antibiotics in M. aeruginosa. Mixed antibiotics stimulated microcystin synthesis by upregulating a microcystin synthetase and its encoding gene (mcyC), which could increase the hazard of M. aeruginosa in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Nowicka B, Trela-Makowej A, Latowski D, Strzalka K, Szymańska R. Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2950. [PMID: 33799456 PMCID: PMC7999835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Abstract
With the global climate anomalies and the destruction of ecological balance, the water shortage has become a serious ecological problem facing all mankind, and drought has become a key factor restricting the development of agricultural production. Therefore, it is essential to study the drought tolerance of crops. Based on previous studies, we reviewed the effects of drought stress on plant morphology and physiology, including the changes of external morphology and internal structure of root, stem, and leaf, the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances, drought-induced proteins, and active oxygen metabolism of plants. In this paper, the main drought stress signals and signal transduction pathways in plants are described, and the functional genes and regulatory genes related to drought stress are listed, respectively. We summarize the above aspects to provide valuable background knowledge and theoretical basis for future agriculture, forestry breeding, and cultivation.
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Tokarz KM, Wesołowski W, Tokarz B, Makowski W, Wysocka A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Chrabaszcz K, Malek K, Kostecka-Gugała A. Stem Photosynthesis-A Key Element of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E685. [PMID: 33445673 PMCID: PMC7828162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Wesołowski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman J. Jędrzejczyk
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Group, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Anna Kostecka-Gugała
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
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Karim MF, Johnson GN. Acclimation of Photosynthesis to Changes in the Environment Results in Decreases of Oxidative Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683986. [PMID: 34630448 PMCID: PMC8495028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis plays an important role in increasing the fitness of a plant under variable light environments. Since acclimation is partially mediated by a glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2 (GPT2), this study examined whether plants lacking GPT2, which consequently have defective acclimation to increases in light, are more susceptible to oxidative stress. To understand this mechanism, we used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana [accession Wassilewskija-4 (Ws-4)] and compared it with mutants lacking GPT2. The plants were then grown at low light (LL) at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 for 7 weeks. For the acclimation experiments, a set of plants from LL was transferred to 400 μmol m-2 s-1 conditions for 7 days. Biochemical and physiological analyses showed that the gpt2 mutant plants had significantly greater activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, the mutant plants had significantly lower maximum quantum yields of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm). A microarray analysis also showed that gpt2 plants exhibited a greater induction of stress-related genes relative to wild-type (WT) plants. We then concluded that photosynthetic acclimation to a higher intensity of light protects plants against oxidative stress.
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Xiao Y, Zhu Q, Yang Y, Wang W, Kuang T, Shen JR, Han G. Role of PsbV-Tyr137 in photosystem II studied by site-directed mutagenesis in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:41-54. [PMID: 32342261 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PsbV (cytochrome c550) is one of the three extrinsic proteins of photosystem II (PSII) and functions to maintain the stability and activity of the Mn4CaO5 cluster, the catalytic center for water oxidation. PsbV-Y137 is the C-terminal residue of PsbV and is located at the exit of a hydrogen-bond network mediated by the D1-Y161-H190 residue pair. In order to examine the function of PsbV-Y137, four mutants, PsbV-Y137A, PsbV-Y137F, PsbV-Y137G, and PsbV-Y137W, were generated with Thermosynechococcus vulcanus (T. vulcanus). These mutants showed growth rates similar to that of the wild-type strain (WT); however, their oxygen-evolving activities were different. At pH 6.5, the oxygen evolution rates of Y137F and Y137W were almost identical to that of WT, whereas the oxygen evolution rates of the Y137A, Y137G mutants were 64% and 61% of WT, respectively. However, the oxygen evolution in the latter two mutants decreased less at higher pHs, suggesting that higher pHs facilitated oxygen evolution probably by facilitating proton egress in these two mutants. Furthermore, thylakoid membranes isolated from the PsbV-Y137A, PsbV-Y137G mutants exhibited much lower levels of oxygen-evolving activity than that of WT, which was found to be caused by the release of PsbV. In addition, PSII complexes purified from the PsbV-Y137A and PsbV-Y137G mutants lost all of the three extrinsic proteins but instead bind Psb27, an assembly cofactor of PSII. These results demonstrate that the PsbV-Tyr137 residue is required for the stable binding of PsbV to PSII, and the hydrogen-bond network mediated by D1-Y161-H190 is likely to function in proton egress during water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Rd., Beijing, 100101, China.
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Kumar A, Prasad A, Sedlářová M, Ksas B, Havaux M, Pospíšil P. Interplay between antioxidants in response to photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:894-907. [PMID: 32931882 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tocochromanols (tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8), isoprenoid quinone (plastoquinone-9 and plastoquinol-9) and carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls), are lipid-soluble antioxidants in the chloroplasts, which play an important defensive role against photooxidative stress in plants. In this study, the interplay between the antioxidant activities of those compounds in excess light stress was analyzed in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana and in a tocopherol cyclase mutant (vte1), a homogentisate phytyl transferase mutant (vte2) and a tocopherol cyclase overexpressor (VTE1oex). The results reveal a strategy of cooperation and replacement between α-tocopherol, plastochromanol-8, plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 and zeaxanthin. In the first line of defense (non-radical mechanism), singlet oxygen is either physically or chemically quenched by α-tocopherol; however, when α-tocopherol is consumed, zeaxanthin and plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 can provide alternative protection against singlet oxygen toxicity by functional replacement of α-tocopherol either by zeaxanthin for the physical quenching or by plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 for the chemical quenching. When singlet oxygen escapes this first line of defense, it oxidizes lipids and forms lipid hydroperoxides, which are oxidized to lipid peroxyl radicals by ferric iron. In the second line of defense (radical mechanism), lipid peroxyl radicals are scavenged by α-tocopherol. After its consumption, plastochromanol-8 overtakes this function. We provide a comprehensive description of the reaction pathways underlying the non-radical and radical antioxidant activities of α-tocopherol, carotenoids, plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 and plastochromanol-8. The interplay between the different plastid lipid-soluble antioxidants in the non-radical and the radical mechanism provides step by step insights into protection against photooxidative stress in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Brigitte Ksas
- CEA, CNRS UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire D'Écophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, CNRS UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire D'Écophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Kumar A, Prasad A, Pospíšil P. Formation of α-tocopherol hydroperoxide and α-tocopheroxyl radical: relevance for photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19646. [PMID: 33184329 PMCID: PMC7665033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols, lipid-soluble antioxidants play a crucial role in the antioxidant defense system in higher plants. The antioxidant function of α-tocopherol has been widely studied; however, experimental data on the formation of its oxidation products is missing. In this study, we attempt to provide spectroscopic evidence on the detection of oxidation products of α-tocopherol formed by its interaction with singlet oxygen and lipid peroxyl radical. Singlet oxygen was formed using photosensitizer rose bengal and thylakoid membranes isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. Singlet oxygen reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acid forming lipid hydroperoxide which is oxidized by ferric iron to lipid peroxyl radical. The addition of singlet oxygen to double bond carbon on the chromanol head of α-tocopherol forms α-tocopherol hydroperoxide detected using fluorescent probe swallow-tailed perylene derivative. The decomposition of α-tocopherol hydroperoxide forms α-tocopherol quinone. The hydrogen abstraction from α-tocopherol by lipid peroxyl radical forms α-tocopheroxyl radical detected by electron paramagnetic resonance. Quantification of lipid and protein hydroperoxide from the wild type and tocopherol deficient (vte1) mutant Arabidopsis leaves using a colorimetric ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay reveals that α-tocopherol prevents formation of both lipid and protein hydroperoxides at high light. Identification of oxidation products of α-tocopherol might contribute to a better understanding of the protective role of α-tocopherol in the prevention of oxidative damage in higher plants at high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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50
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Jócsák I, Malgwi I, Rabnecz G, Szegő A, Varga-Visi É, Végvári G, Pónya Z. Effect of cadmium stress on certain physiological parameters, antioxidative enzyme activities and biophoton emission of leaves in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240470. [PMID: 33141841 PMCID: PMC7608874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophoton emission is a well-known phenomenon in living organisms, including plant species; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet well elucidated. Nevertheless, non-invasive stress detection is of high importance when in plant production and plant research. Therefore, the aim of our work was to investigate, whether biophoton emission is suitable for the detection of cadmium stress in the early phase of stress evolution and to identify certain stress-related events that occur rapidly upon cadmium exposure of barley seedlings parallel to biophoton emission measurements. Changes of biophoton emission, chlorophyll content estimation index, ascorbate level, the activity of ascorbate- and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes and lipid oxidation were measured during seven days of cadmium treatment in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) seedlings. The results indicate that the antioxidant enzyme system responded the most rapidly to the stress caused by cadmium and the lipid oxidation-related emission of photons was detected in cadmium-treated samples as early as one day after cadmium exposure. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent increase in biophoton emission signals indicating an increased rate of antioxidative enzymes and lipid oxidation was also possible to determine. Our work shows evidence that biophoton emission is suitable to identify the initial phase of cadmium stress effectively and non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Jócsák
- Szent István University, Kaposvár Campus, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Plant Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Isaac Malgwi
- Szent István University, Kaposvár Campus, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Product Development Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | | | - Anita Szegő
- Szent István University, Institute of Horticultural Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Varga-Visi
- Szent István University, Kaposvár Campus, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Health, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - György Végvári
- Szent István University, Kaposvár Campus, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Health, Kaposvár, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Zsolt Pónya
- Szent István University, Kaposvár Campus, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Plant Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
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