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Odenkirk MT, Zheng X, Kyle JE, Stratton KG, Nicora CD, Bloodsworth KJ, Mclean CA, Masters CL, Monroe ME, Doecke JD, Smith RD, Burnum-Johnson KE, Roberts BR, Baker ES. Deciphering ApoE Genotype-Driven Proteomic and Lipidomic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease Across Distinct Brain Regions. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2970-2985. [PMID: 38236019 PMCID: PMC11255128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology influenced by confounding factors such as genetic polymorphisms, age, sex, and race. Traditionally, AD research has not prioritized these influences, resulting in dramatically skewed cohorts such as three times the number of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4-allele carriers in AD relative to healthy cohorts. Thus, the resulting molecular changes in AD have previously been complicated by the influence of apolipoprotein E disparities. To explore how apolipoprotein E polymorphism influences AD progression, 62 post-mortem patients consisting of 33 AD and 29 controls (Ctrl) were studied to balance the number of ε4-allele carriers and facilitate a molecular comparison of the apolipoprotein E genotype. Lipid and protein perturbations were assessed across AD diagnosed brains compared to Ctrl brains, ε4 allele carriers (APOE4+ for those carrying 1 or 2 ε4s and APOE4- for non-ε4 carriers), and differences in ε3ε3 and ε3ε4 Ctrl brains across two brain regions (frontal cortex (FCX) and cerebellum (CBM)). The region-specific influences of apolipoprotein E on AD mechanisms showcased mitochondrial dysfunction and cell proteostasis at the core of AD pathophysiology in the post-mortem brains, indicating these two processes may be influenced by genotypic differences and brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Odenkirk
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States of America
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Catriona A Mclean
- Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - James D Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States of America
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States of America
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States of America
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Sharallah OA, Poddar NK, Alwadan OA. Delineation of the role of G6PD in Alzheimer's disease and potential enhancement through microfluidic and nanoparticle approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102394. [PMID: 38950868 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathologic entity characterized by the abnormal presence of tau and macromolecular Aβ deposition that leads to the degeneration or death of neurons. In addition to that, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has a multifaceted role in the process of AD development, where it can be used as both a marker and a target. G6PD activity is dysregulated due to its contribution to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. In this context, the current review presents a vivid depiction of recent findings on the relationship between AD progression and changes in the expression or activity of G6PD. The efficacy of the proposed G6PD-based therapeutics has been demonstrated in multiple studies using AD mouse models as representative animal model systems for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Innovative therapeutic insights are made for the boosting of G6PD activity via novel innovative nanotechnology and microfluidics tools in drug administration technology. Such approaches provide innovative methods of surpassing the blood-brain barrier, targeting step-by-step specific neural pathways, and overcoming biochemical disturbances that accompany AD. Using different nanoparticles loaded with G6DP to target specific organs, e.g., G6DP-loaded liposomes, enhances BBB penetration and brain distribution of G6DP. Many nanoparticles, which are used for different purposes, are briefly discussed in the paper. Such methods to mimic BBB on organs on-chip offer precise disease modeling and drug testing using microfluidic chips, requiring lower sample amounts and producing faster findings compared to conventional techniques. There are other contributions to microfluid in AD that are discussed briefly. However, there are some limitations accompanying microfluidics that need to be worked on to be used for AD. This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding AD with the synergistic use of promising technologies; microfluid and nanotechnology for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya A Sharallah
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Omnia A Alwadan
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Li M, Li T, Yang T, Huang L, Zhao J, Liu H, Chen Y, Li W, Zhu Y, Ma F, Yan J, Huang G. Cognitive Benefits of Folic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, and a Combination of Both Nutrients in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Possible Alterations through Mitochondrial Function and DNA Damage. Gerontology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38952108 DOI: 10.1159/000540021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is uncertain whether folic acid (FA) combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could improve cognitive performance. This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month FA and DHA supplementation, in combination or alone, on cognitive function, DNA oxidative damage, and mitochondrial function in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited MCI participants aged 60 years and older. Two hundred and eighty participants were randomly divided in equal proportion into four groups: FA + DHA (FA 800 μg/d + DHA 800 mg/d), FA (800 μg/d), DHA (800 mg/d), and placebo groups daily orally for 12 months. The primary outcome was cognitive function evaluated by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-RC). Cognitive tests and blood mechanism-related biomarkers were determined at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up, scores of full intelligence quotient (βDHA: 1.302, 95% CI: 0.615, 1.990, p < 0.001; βFA: 1.992, 95% CI: 1.304, 2.679, p < 0.001; βFA+DHA: 2.777, 95% CI: 2.090, 3.465, p < 0.001), verbal intelligence quotient, and some subtests of the WAIS-RC were significantly improved in FA + DHA and single intervention groups compared to the placebo group. Moreover, the FA and DHA intervention combination was superior to either intervention alone (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, FA, DHA, and their combined use significantly decreased 8-OHdG level and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of FA and DHA, alone or combined, for 12 months can improve cognitive function in MCI participants, possibly through mitigating DNA oxidative damage and enhancing mitochondrial function. Combined supplementation may provide more cognitive benefit than supplementation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Public Affairs Management, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Sanhuailu Street Community Health Service Center of Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Kassem AF, Omar MA, Temirak A, El-Shiekh RA, Srour AM. Barbiturate-sulfonate hybrids as potent cholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis and molecular modeling studies. Future Med Chem 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39011621 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2366158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Design and synthesis of a series of 5-benzylidene(thio)barbiturates 3a-r. Methodology: Evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the new chemical entities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using Donepezil as the standard reference. Results & Conclusion: Compound 3r emerged as the most potent AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 9.12 μM), while compound 3q exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against BChE (IC50 = 19.43 μM). Toxicological bioassays confirmed the absence of cytotoxicity for the most potent compounds at the tested doses. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the tested derivatives effectively bind to the active sites of both enzymes. Overall, this study sheds light on the potential of barbiturate-sulfonate conjugates as promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Kassem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Omar
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Cardinali CAEF, Martins YA, Moraes RCM, Costa AP, Alencar MB, Silber AM, Torrão AS. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Benfotiamine in a Sporadic Alzheimer's-Like Disease Rat Model: Insights into Insulin Signaling and Cognitive function. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39007352 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative process, also considered a metabolic condition due to alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways in the brain, which share similarities with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine (BFT), a vitamin B1 analog, in the early stages of the neurodegenerative process in a sporadic model of Alzheimer's-like disease induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Supplementation with 150 mg/kg of BFT for 7 days reversed the cognitive impairment in short- and long-term memories caused by STZ in rodents. We attribute these effects to BFT's ability to modulate glucose transporters type 1 and 3 (GLUT1 and GLUT3) in the hippocampus, inhibit GSK3 activity in the hippocampus, and modulate the insulin signaling in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, as well as reduce the activation of apoptotic pathways (BAX) in the hippocampus. Therefore, BFT emerges as a promising and accessible intervention in the initial treatment of conditions similar to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A E F Cardinali
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Yandara A Martins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ruan C M Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Andressa P Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mayke B Alencar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ariel M Silber
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea S Torrão
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Park J, Won J, Yang E, Seo J, Cho J, Seong JB, Yeo HG, Kim K, Kim YG, Kim M, Jeon CY, Lim KS, Lee DS, Lee Y. Peroxiredoxin 1 inhibits streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in hippocampal neuronal cells via the blocking of Ca 2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15642. [PMID: 38977865 PMCID: PMC11231305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced abnormal brain insulin signaling and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are associated with protection from neuronal death induced by oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Prxs on STZ-induced progression of AD in the hippocampal neurons are not yet fully understood. Here, we evaluated whether Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) affects STZ-induced AD-like pathology and cellular toxicity. Prx1 expression was increased by STZ treatment in the hippocampus cell line, HT-22 cells. We evaluated whether Prx1 affects STZ-induced HT-22 cells using overexpression. Prx1 successfully protected the forms of STZ-induced AD-like pathology, such as neuronal apoptosis, synaptic loss, and tau phosphorylation. Moreover, Prx1 suppressed the STZ-induced increase of mitochondrial dysfunction and fragmentation by down-regulating Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial location. Prx1 plays a role in an upstream signal pathway of Drp1 phosphorylation, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by inhibiting the STZ-induced conversion of p35 to p25. We found that STZ-induced of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation was an important modulator of AD-like pathology progression by regulating Ca2+-mediated Calpain activation, and Prx1 down-regulated STZ-induced intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+-mediated Calpain activation. Finally, we identified that Prx1 antioxidant capacity affected Ca2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated AD-like pathology progress. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that Prx1 is a key factor in STZ-induced hippocampal neuronal death through inhibition of Ca2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by protecting against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeoung Yang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Cho
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bae Seong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Eysert F, Kinoshita PF, Lagarde J, Lacas-Gervais S, Xicota L, Dorothée G, Bottlaender M, Checler F, Potier MC, Sarazin M, Chami M. Mitochondrial alterations in fibroblasts from sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients correlate with AD-related clinical hallmarks. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38851733 PMCID: PMC11161956 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The occurrence of these disturbances in the peripheral cells of AD patients and their potential correlation with disease progression are underinvestigated. We studied mitochondrial structure, function and mitophagy in fibroblasts from healthy volunteers and AD patients at the prodromal (AD-MCI) or demented (AD-D) stages. We carried out correlation studies with clinical cognitive scores, namely, (i) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and (ii) Dementia Rating-Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and with (iii) amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque burden (PiB-PET imaging) and (iv) the accumulation of peripheral amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs). We revealed alterations in mitochondrial structure as well as specific mitochondrial dysfunction signatures in AD-MCI and AD-D fibroblasts and revealed that defective mitophagy and autophagy are linked to impaired lysosomal activity in AD-D fibroblasts. We reported significant correlations of a subset of these dysfunctions with cognitive decline, AD-related clinical hallmarks and peripheral APP-CTFs accumulation. This study emphasizes the potential use of peripheral cells for investigating AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Eysert
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Paula-Fernanda Kinoshita
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, 75006, Paris, France
- BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université de Nice Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Laura Xicota
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- ICM Research Center, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dorothée
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
- UNIACT, Neurospin, Joliot Institute, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91140, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- ICM Research Center, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, 75006, Paris, France
- BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Mounia Chami
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
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Umapathy S, Pan I, Issac PK, Kumar MSK, Giri J, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Selenium Nanoparticles as Neuroprotective Agents: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms for Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04253-x. [PMID: 38837103 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain are the main causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several nanoparticles have been used as therapeutics for PD. Despite their therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles induce multiple stresses upon entry. Selenium (Se), an essential nutrient in the human body, helps in DNA formation, stress control, and cell protection from damage and infections. It can also regulate thyroid hormone metabolism, reduce brain damage, boost immunity, and promote reproductive health. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), a bioactive substance, have been employed as treatments in several disciplines, particularly as antioxidants. Se-NP, whether functionalized or not, can protect mitochondria by enhancing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes in the brain. They can also promote dopamine synthesis. By inhibiting the aggregation of tau, α-synuclein, and/or Aβ, they can reduce the cellular toxicities. The ability of the blood-brain barrier to absorb Se-NPs which maintain a healthy microenvironment is essential for brain homeostasis. This review focuses on stress-induced neurodegeneration and its critical control using Se-NP. Due to its ability to inhibit cellular stress and the pathophysiologies of PD, Se-NP is a promising neuroprotector with its anti-inflammatory, non-toxic, and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganiya Umapathy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Yong J, Song J. CaMKII activity and metabolic imbalance-related neurological diseases: Focus on vascular dysfunction, synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta accumulation, and lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116688. [PMID: 38692060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, excessive fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, and is known to be accompanied by neuropathological symptoms such as memory loss, anxiety, and depression. As the number of MetS patients is rapidly increasing globally, studies on the mechanisms of metabolic imbalance-related neuropathology are emerging as an important issue. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is the main Ca2+ sensor and contributes to diverse intracellular signaling in peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). CaMKII exerts diverse functions in cells, related to mechanisms such as RNA splicing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytoskeleton, and protein-protein interactions. In the CNS, CaMKII regulates vascular function, neuronal circuits, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta toxicity, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Here, we review recent evidence for the role of CaMKII in neuropathologic issues associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wang X, Xiao X, Shi K. Nanotherapeutics targeting autophagy regulation for improved cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2447-2474. [PMID: 38828133 PMCID: PMC11143539 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of current cancer therapies falls short, and there is a pressing demand to integrate new targets with conventional therapies. Autophagy, a highly conserved self-degradation process, has received considerable attention as an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely utilized in cancer therapy due to their unrivaled delivery performance. Hence, considering the potential benefits of integrating autophagy and nanotechnology in cancer therapy, we outline the latest advances in autophagy-based nanotherapeutics. Based on a brief background related to autophagy and nanotherapeutics and their impact on tumor progression, the feasibility of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment is demonstrated. Further, emerging nanotherapeutics developed to modulate autophagy are reviewed from the perspective of cell signaling pathways, including modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, autophagy-related (ATG) and its complex expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitophagy, interference with autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibition of hypoxia-mediated autophagy. In addition, combination therapies in which nano-autophagy modulation is combined with chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also described. Finally, the prospects and challenges of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for efficient cancer treatment are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qikai Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiyue Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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11
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Shuvalova M, Dmitrieva A, Belousov V, Nosov G. The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier. Tissue Barriers 2024:2361202. [PMID: 38808582 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2361202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the exchange of metabolites and cells between the blood and brain, and maintains central nervous system homeostasis. Various factors affect BBB barrier functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can act as stressors, damaging biological molecules, but they also serve as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades during redox signaling. The impact of ROS on the BBB has been observed in multiple sclerosis, stroke, trauma, and other neurological disorders, making blocking ROS generation a promising therapeutic strategy for BBB dysfunction. However, it is important to consider ROS generation during normal BBB functioning for signaling purposes. This review summarizes data on proteins expressed by BBB cells that can be targets of redox signaling or oxidative stress. It also provides examples of signaling molecules whose impact may cause ROS generation in the BBB, as well as discusses the most common diseases associated with BBB dysfunction and excessive ROS generation, open questions that arise in the study of this problem, and possible ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Shuvalova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Dmitrieva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii Nosov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Ramanishankar A, S AS, Begum RF, Jayasankar N, Nayeem A, Prajapati BG, Nirenjen S. Unleashing light's healing power: an overview of photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's treatment. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO922. [PMID: 38841181 PMCID: PMC11152588 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Photobiomodulation involves the use of low-level light therapy or near-infrared light therapy found to be useful in the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases. Objective: The aim is to review the mechanism and clinical applications of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in managing Alzheimer's disease. Methods: To ensure that the consensus statement accurately reflects both the experts' viewpoint and the most recent developments in the field, the expert opinions were recorded and thoroughly reviewed. Results: PBMT elicits reduction of beta-amyloid plaque, restoration of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with a stimulation in ATP synthesis. Conclusion: The PBMT could be helpful in patients non-responsive to traditional pharmacological therapy providing significant aid in the management of Alzheimer's disease when introduced into the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Ramanishankar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai. India
| | - Ankul Singh S
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rukaiah F Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Jayasankar
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Afreen Nayeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand College of Pharmacy Agra-Delhi Highway (NH2) Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282007, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree SK Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, 384012, India
| | - Shanmugasundaram Nirenjen
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shukla H, John D, Banerjee S, Tiwari AK. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:249-319. [PMID: 38942541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are neuronal problems that include the brain and spinal cord and result in loss of sensory and motor dysfunction. Common NDDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. The occurrence of these diseases increases with age and is one of the challenging problems among elderly people. Though, several scientific research has demonstrated the key pathologies associated with NDDs still the underlying mechanisms and molecular details are not well understood and need to be explored and this poses a lack of effective treatments for NDDs. Several lines of evidence have shown that NDDs have a high prevalence and affect more than a billion individuals globally but still, researchers need to work forward in identifying the best therapeutic target for NDDs. Thus, several researchers are working in the directions to find potential therapeutic targets to alter the disease pathology and treat the diseases. Several steps have been taken to identify the early detection of the disease and drug repurposing for effective treatment of NDDs. Moreover, it is logical that current medications are being evaluated for their efficacy in treating such disorders; therefore, drug repurposing would be an efficient, safe, and cost-effective way in finding out better medication. In the current manuscript we discussed the utilization of drugs that have been repurposed for the treatment of AD, PD, HD, MS, and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halak Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Diana John
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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14
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Wahl D, Clayton ZS. Peripheral vascular dysfunction and the aging brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9280-9302. [PMID: 38805248 PMCID: PMC11164523 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aging is the greatest non-modifiable risk factor for most diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Robust evidence indicates that CVD are a strong determinant for reduced brain health and all-cause dementia with advancing age. CVD are also closely linked with peripheral and cerebral vascular dysfunction, common contributors to the development and progression of all types of dementia, that are largely driven by excessive levels of oxidative stress (e.g., reactive oxygen species [ROS]). Emerging evidence suggests that several fundamental aging mechanisms (e.g., "hallmarks" of aging), including chronic low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and deregulated nutrient sensing contribute to excessive ROS production and are common to both peripheral and cerebral vascular dysfunction. Therefore, targeting these mechanisms to reduce ROS-related oxidative stress and improve peripheral and/or cerebral vascular function may be a promising strategy to reduce dementia risk with aging. Investigating how certain lifestyle strategies (e.g., aerobic exercise and diet modulation) and/or select pharmacological agents (natural and synthetic) intersect with aging "hallmarks" to promote peripheral and/or cerebral vascular health represent a viable option for reducing dementia risk with aging. Therefore, the primary purpose of this review is to explore mechanistic links among peripheral vascular dysfunction, cerebral vascular dysfunction, and reduced brain health with aging. Such insight and assessments of non-invasive measures of peripheral and cerebral vascular health with aging might provide a new approach for assessing dementia risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science and Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zachary S. Clayton
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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15
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Shi P, Wang B, Shi S, Chu X, Liu C, Kang M, Hui J, Gou Y, Zhou R, Liu Y, Jia Y, Zhang F, Wen Y. Assessing the joint effects of mitochondrial genes and physical activity on the psychiatric phenotype of subjective well-being based on the UK Biobank data. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01822-y. [PMID: 38767715 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important measure for mental health status. Previous research has shown that physical activity can affect an individual's well-being, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential interactions between mitochondrial genes and physical activity (PA) as well as their combined effects on individual well-being. SWB phenotype data in UK Biobank were enrolled for this study including nine aspects such as work/job satisfaction, health satisfaction, family relationship satisfaction, friendships satisfaction, financial situation satisfaction, ever depressed for a whole week, general happiness, general happiness with own health and belief that own life is meaningful. We made analysis for each aspects separately. Firstly, mitochondria-wide association studies (MiWAS) was conducted to assess the association of mitochondrial Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms SNP with each aspect of SWB. Then an interaction analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and PA was performed to evaluate their joint effect on SWB status. Meanwhile, these two analysis were made for female and male group separately as well as the total samples, all under the control of possible confounding factors including gender, age, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), education, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and 10 principal components. MiWAS analysis identified 45 mtSNPs associated with 9 phenotypes of SWB. For example, m.15218A > G on MT-CYB in the health satisfaction phenotype of the total subjects. Gender-specific analyses found 30 mtSNPs in females and 58 in males, involving 13 mtGenes. In mtDNA-PA interaction analysis, we also identified 10 significant mtDNA-PA interaction sets for SWB. For instance, m.13020 T > C (MT-ND5) was associated with the SWB financial situation satisfaction phenotype in all subjects (P = 0.00577). In addition, MiWAS analysis identified 12 mtGene variants associated with SWB, as MT-ND1 and MT-ND2. However, in mtDNA-PA interactions we detected 7 mtDNA affecting psychiatric disorders occurring, as in the friendships satisfaction phenotype (m.3394 T > C on MT-ND1). Our study results suggest an implication of the interaction between mitochondrial function and physical activity in the risk of psychiatric disorder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxing Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chen Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Meijuan Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jingni Hui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yifan Gou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ye Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Wen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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16
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Xu Y, Xue M, Li J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liang H. Fucoidan Improves D-Galactose-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Maintaining Gut Microbiome Homeostasis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1512. [PMID: 38794753 PMCID: PMC11124141 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that fucoidan has the potential to improve cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of fucoidan in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Sprague Dawley rats were injected with D-galactose (200 mg/kg, sc) and administrated with fucoidan (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg, ig) for 8 weeks. Our results suggested that fucoidan significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment in D-gal-exposed rats and reversed histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Fucoidan reduced D-gal-induced oxidative stress, declined the inflammation level and improved mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal. Fucoidan promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating the PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM pathway, thereby improving D-gal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The regulation effect of fucoidan on PGC-1α is linked to the upstream protein of APN/AMPK/SIRT1. Additionally, the neuroprotective action of fucoidan could be related to maintaining intestinal flora homeostasis with up-regulation of Bacteroidota, Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia and down-regulation of Firmicutes. In summary, fucoidan may be a natural, promising candidate active ingredient for age-related cognitive impairment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Meilan Xue
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yiqing Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Liang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
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Huang Q, Ying J, Yu W, Dong Y, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Hua F. P2X7 Receptor: an Emerging Target in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2866-2880. [PMID: 37940779 PMCID: PMC11043177 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of age-related dementia, which is becoming a global health crisis. However, the pathogenesis and etiology of AD are still not fully understood. And there are no valid treatment methods or precise diagnostic tools for AD. There is increasing evidence that P2X7R expression is upregulated in AD and is involved in multiple related pathological processes such as Aβ plaques, neurogenic fiber tangles, oxidative stress, and chronic neuroinflammation. This suggests that P2X7R may be a key player in the development of AD. P2X7R is a member of the ligand-gated purinergic receptor (P2X) family. It has received attention in neuroscience due to its role in a wide range of aging and age-related neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize current information on the roles of P2X7R in AD and suggest potential pharmacological interventions to slow down AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17# Yongwai Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Maruthiyodan S, Mumbrekar KD, Guruprasad KP. Involvement of mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and their potential as targets for phytotherapeutics. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101868. [PMID: 38462158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia around the globe. The disease's genesis is multifaceted, and its pathophysiology is complicated. Malfunction of mitochondria has been regarded as one of the intracellular events that are substantially damaged in the onset of AD and are likely a common trait of other neurodegenerative illnesses. Several mitochondrial characteristics begin to diminish with age, eventually reaching a state of significant functional failure concurrent with the beginning of neurodegenerative diseases, however, the exact timing of these processes is unknown. Mitochondrial malfunction has a multitude of negative repercussions, including reduced calcium buffering and secondary excitotoxicity contributing to synaptic dysfunction, also free radical production, and activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Hence mitochondria are considered a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's. Traditional medicinal systems practiced in different countries employing various medicinal plants postulated to have potential role in the therapy and management of memory impairment including amnesia, dementia as well as AD. Although, the preclinical and clinical studies using these medicinal plants or plant products have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy for AD, the precise mechanism of action is still obscure. Therefore, this review discusses the contribution of mitochondria towards AD pathogenesis and considering phytotherapeutics as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Maruthiyodan
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad
- Centre for Ayurvedic Biology, Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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19
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Anderson T, Sharma S, Kelberman MA, Ware C, Guo N, Qin Z, Weinshenker D, Parent MB. Obesity during preclinical Alzheimer's disease development exacerbates brain metabolic decline. J Neurochem 2024; 168:801-821. [PMID: 37391269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Obesity in middle age increases AD risk and severity, which is alarming given that obesity prevalence peaks at middle age and obesity rates are accelerating worldwide. Midlife, but not late-life obesity increases AD risk, suggesting that this interaction is specific to preclinical AD. AD pathology begins in middle age, with accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau, metabolic decline, and neuroinflammation occurring decades before cognitive symptoms appear. We used a transcriptomic discovery approach in young adult (6.5 months old) male and female TgF344-AD rats that overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 and wild-type (WT) controls to determine whether inducing obesity with a high-fat/high-sugar "Western" diet during preclinical AD increases brain metabolic dysfunction in dorsal hippocampus (dHC), a brain region vulnerable to the effects of obesity and early AD. Analyses of dHC gene expression data showed dysregulated mitochondrial and neurotransmission pathways, and up-regulated genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Western diet amplified the number of genes that were different between AD and WT rats and added pathways involved in noradrenergic signaling, dysregulated inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and decreased intracellular lipid transporters. Importantly, the Western diet impaired dHC-dependent spatial working memory in AD but not WT rats, confirming that the dietary intervention accelerated cognitive decline. To examine later consequences of early transcriptional dysregulation, we measured dHC monoamine levels in older (13 months old) AD and WT rats of both sexes after long-term chow or Western diet consumption. Norepinephrine (NE) abundance was significantly decreased in AD rats, NE turnover was increased, and the Western diet attenuated the AD-induced increases in turnover. Collectively, these findings indicate obesity during prodromal AD impairs memory, potentiates AD-induced metabolic decline likely leading to an overproduction of cholesterol, and interferes with compensatory increases in NE transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Anderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sumeet Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael A Kelberman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Ware
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nanxi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Georgia, USA
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20
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Illés A, Pikó H, Árvai K, Donka V, Szepesi O, Kósa J, Lakatos P, Beke A. Screening of premature ovarian insufficiency associated genes in Hungarian patients with next generation sequencing. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:98. [PMID: 38649916 PMCID: PMC11036647 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insuffiency (POI) is one of the main cause behind infertility. The genetic analysis of POI should be part of the clinical diagnostics, as several genes have been implicated in the genetic background of it. The aim of our study was to analyse the genetic background of POI in a Hungarian cohort. METHODS The age of onset was between 15 and 39 years. All patients had the 46,XX karyotype and they were prescreened for the most frequent POI associated FMR1 premutation. To identify genetic alterations next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 31 genes which were previously associated to POI were carried out in 48 unrelated patients from Hungary. RESULTS Monogenic defect was identified in 16.7% (8 of 48) and a potential genetic risk factor was found in 29.2% (14 of 48) and susceptible oligogenic effect was described in 12.5% (6 of 48) of women with POI using the customized targeted panel sequencing. The genetic analysis identified 8 heterozygous damaging and 4 potentially damaging variants in POI-associated genes. Further 10 potential genetic risk factors were detected in seven genes, from which EIF2B and GALT were the most frequent. These variants were related to 15 genes: AIRE, ATM, DACH2, DAZL, EIF2B2, EIF2B4, FMR1, GALT, GDF9, HS6ST2, LHCGR, NOBOX, POLG, USP9X and XPNPEP2. In six cases, two or three coexisting damaging mutations and risk variants were identified. CONCLUSIONS POI is characterized by heterogenous phenotypic features with complex genetic background that contains increasing number of genes. Deleterious variants, which were detected in our cohort, related to gonadal development (oogenesis and folliculogenesis), meiosis and DNA repair, hormonal signaling, immune function, and metabolism which were previously associated with the POI phenotype. This is the first genetic epidemiology study targeting POI associated genes in Hungary. The frequency of variants in different POI associated genes were similar to the literature, except EIF2B and GALT. Both of these genes potential risk factor were detected which could influence the phenotype, although it is unlikely that they can be responsible for the development of the disease by themselves. Advances of sequencing technologies make it possible to aid diagnostics of POI Since individual patients show high phenotypic variance because of the complex network controlling human folliculogenesis. Comprehensive NGS screening by widening the scope to genes which were previously linked to infertility may facilitate more accurate, quicker and cheaper genetic diagnoses for POI. The investigation of patient's genotype could support clinical decision-making process and pave the way for future clinical trials and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Illés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Pikó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Árvai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Donka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olívia Szepesi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Kósa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lakatos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Artúr Beke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Cleland NRW, Potter GJ, Buck C, Quang D, Oldham D, Neal M, Saviola A, Niemeyer CS, Dobrinskikh E, Bruce KD. Altered metabolism and DAM-signatures in female brains and microglia with aging. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148772. [PMID: 38244754 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affecting women, the mechanisms remain elusive. In AD, microglia undergo 'metabolic reprogramming', which contributes to microglial dysfunction and AD pathology. However, how sex and age contribute to metabolic reprogramming in microglia is understudied. Here, we use metabolic imaging, transcriptomics, and metabolic assays to probe age- and sex-associated changes in brain and microglial metabolism. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in the whole brain was determined using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM). Young female brains appeared less glycolytic than male brains, but with aging, the female brain became 'male-like.' Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of disease-associated microglia (DAM) genes (e.g., ApoE, Trem2, LPL), and genes involved in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in microglia from aged females compared to males. To determine whether estrogen can alter the expression of these genes, BV-2 microglia-like cell lines, which abundantly express DAM genes, were supplemented with 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 supplementation resulted in reduced expression of DAM genes, reduced lipid and cholesterol transport, and substrate-dependent changes in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism. Consistent with the notion that E2 may suppress DAM-associated factors, LPL activity was elevated in the brains of aged female mice. Similarly, DAM gene and protein expression was higher in monocyte-derived microglia-like (MDMi) cells derived from middle-aged females compared to age-matched males and was responsive to E2 supplementation. FLIM analysis of MDMi from young and middle-aged females revealed reduced oxidative metabolism and FAD+ with age. Overall, our findings show that altered metabolism defines age-associated changes in female microglia and suggest that estrogen may inhibit the expression and activity of DAM-associated factors, which may contribute to increased AD risk, especially in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Garrett J Potter
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Courtney Buck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daphne Quang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dean Oldham
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mikaela Neal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christy S Niemeyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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22
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Li H, Khang TF. SIEVE: One-stop differential expression, variability, and skewness analyses using RNA-Seq data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588804. [PMID: 38645120 PMCID: PMC11030344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Motivation RNA-Seq data analysis is commonly biased towards detecting differentially expressed genes and insufficiently conveys the complexity of gene expression changes between biological conditions. This bias arises because discrete models of RNA-Seq count data cannot fully characterize the mean, variance, and skewness of gene expression distribution using independent model parameters. A unified framework that simultaneously tests for differential expression, variability, and skewness is needed to realize the full potential of RNA-Seq data analysis in a systems biology context. Results We present SIEVE, a statistical methodology that provides the desired unified framework. SIEVE embraces a compositional data analysis framework that transforms discrete RNA-Seq counts to a continuous form with a distribution that is well-fitted by a skew-normal distribution. Simulation results show that SIEVE controls the false discovery rate and probability of Type II error better than existing methods for differential expression analysis. Analysis of the Mayo RNA-Seq dataset for Alzheimer's disease using SIEVE reveals that a gene set with significant expression difference in mean, standard deviation and skewness between the control and the Alzheimer's disease group strongly predicts a subject's disease state. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis shows that relying solely on differentially expressed genes detects only a segment of a much broader spectrum of biological aspects associated with Alzheimer's disease. The latter aspects can only be revealed using genes that show differential variability and skewness. Thus, SIEVE enables fresh perspectives for understanding the intricate changes in gene expression that occur in complex diseases. Availability The SIEVE R package and source codes are available at https://github.com/Divo-Lee/SIEVE .
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23
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Qian W, Yuan L, Zhuge W, Gu L, Chen Y, Zhuge Q, Ni H, Lv X. Regulating Lars2 in mitochondria: A potential Alzheimer's therapy by inhibiting tau phosphorylation. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00353. [PMID: 38575503 PMCID: PMC11067343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Driven by the scarcity of effective treatment options in clinical settings, the present study aimed to identify a new potential target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. We focused on Lars2, an enzyme synthesizing mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA, and its role in maintaining mitochondrial function. Bioinformatics analysis of human brain transcriptome data revealed downregulation of Lars2 in AD patients compared to healthy controls. During in vitro experiments, the knockdown of Lars2 in mouse neuroblastoma cells (neuro-2a cells) and primary cortical neurons led to morphological changes and decreased density in mouse hippocampal neurons. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we investigated how downregulated Lars2 expression could impede the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway, thereby mitigating AKT's inhibitory effect on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). This led to the activation of GSK3β, causing excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein and subsequent neuronal degeneration. During in vivo experiments, knockout of lars2 in hippocampal neurons confirmed cognitive impairment through the Barnes maze test, the novel object recognition test, and nest-building experiments. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays indicated an increase in p-tau, atrophy in the hippocampal region, and a decrease in neurons following Lars2 knockout. Taken together, our findings indicate that Lars2 represents a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Weishan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuqing Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haoqi Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinhuang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Kadian M, Saini N, Khera A, Kumar A. Neuroprotective mechanism of trans,trans-Farnesol in an ICV-STZ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's pathology. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1545-1573. [PMID: 38308793 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent cause of dementia, resulting in neurodegeneration and memory impairment. This condition imposes a considerable public health burden on both patients and their families due to the patients' functional impairments as well as the psychological and financial constraints. It has been well demonstrated that its aetiology involves proteinopathy, mitochondriopathies, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which are some of the key features of AD brains that further result in oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The current investigation was created with the aim of elucidating the neurological defence mechanism of trans,trans-Farnesol (TF) against intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced Alzheimer-like symptoms and related pathologies in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current investigation involved male SD rats receiving TF (25-100 mg/kg, per oral) consecutively for 21 days in ICV-STZ-treated animals. An in silico study was carried out to explore the possible interaction between TF and NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. Further, various behavioural (Morris water maze and novel object recognition test), biochemical (oxidants and anti-oxidant markers), activities of mitochondrial enzyme complexes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α) levels, and histopathological studies were evaluated in specific brain regions. RESULTS Rats administered ICV-STZ followed by treatment with TF (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days had significantly better mental performance (reduced escape latency to access platform, extended time spent in target quadrant, and improved differential index) in the Morris water maze test and new object recognition test models when compared to control (ICV-STZ)-treated groups. Further, TF treatment significantly restored redox proportion, anti-oxidant levels, regained mitochondrial capacities, attenuated altered AChE action, levels of TNF-α, and histopathological alterations in certain brain regions in comparison with control. In in silico analysis, TF caused greater interaction with NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION The current work demonstrates the neuroprotective ability of TF in an experimental model with AD-like pathologies. The study further suggests that the neuroprotective impacts of TF may be related to its effects on TNF-α levels, oxidative stress pathways, and mitochondrial complex capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kadian
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neetu Saini
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alka Khera
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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25
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Akhtar A, Singh S, Kaushik R, Awasthi R, Behl T. Types of memory, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and their various pathological cascades as targets for potential pharmacological drugs. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102289. [PMID: 38582379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia accounting for 90% of cases; however, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, etc. prevails only in a minority of populations. The term dementia is defined as loss of memory which further takes several other categories of memories like working memory, spatial memory, fear memory, and long-term, and short-term memory into consideration. In this review, these memories have critically been elaborated based on context, duration, events, appearance, intensity, etc. The most important part and purpose of the review is the various pathological cascades as well as molecular levels of targets of AD, which have extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein as major disease hallmarks. There is another phenomenon that either leads to or arises from the above-mentioned hallmarks, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Several potential drugs like antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, insulin mimetics or sensitizers, etc. studied in various previous preclinical or clinical reports were put as having the capacity to act on these pathological targets. Additionally, agents directly or indirectly targeting amyloid and tau were also discussed. This could be further investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansab Akhtar
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Siddharth Singh
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Ravinder Kaushik
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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26
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Afsar A, Zhang L. Putative Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Inverse Roles of Mitochondrial Respiration and Heme Function in Lung Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:185. [PMID: 38534454 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria serve as the major source of oxidative stress. Impaired mitochondria produce less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be a major factor in the oxidative imbalance observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Well-balanced mitochondrial respiration is important for the proper functioning of cells and human health. Indeed, recent research has shown that elevated mitochondrial respiration underlies the development and therapy resistance of many types of cancer, whereas diminished mitochondrial respiration is linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondria govern several activities that are known to be changed in lung cancer, the largest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because of the significant dependence of lung cancer cells on mitochondrial respiration, numerous studies demonstrated that blocking mitochondrial activity is a potent strategy to treat lung cancer. Heme is a central factor in mitochondrial respiration/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and its association with cancer is the subject of increased research in recent years. In neural cells, heme is a key component in mitochondrial respiration and the production of ATP. Here, we review the role of impaired heme metabolism in the etiology of AD. We discuss the numerous mitochondrial effects that may contribute to AD and cancer. In addition to emphasizing the significance of heme in the development of both AD and cancer, this review also identifies some possible biological connections between the development of the two diseases. This review explores shared biological mechanisms (Pin1, Wnt, and p53 signaling) in cancer and AD. In cancer, these mechanisms drive cell proliferation and tumorigenic functions, while in AD, they lead to cell death. Understanding these mechanisms may help advance treatments for both conditions. This review discusses precise information regarding common risk factors, such as aging, obesity, diabetes, and tobacco usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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27
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Homolak J, Varvaras K, Sciacca V, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Insights into Gastrointestinal Redox Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease and the Assessment of the Protective Potential of D-Galactose. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11288-11304. [PMID: 38496956 PMCID: PMC10938400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the gut plays a vital role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by triggering systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The well-established rat model of AD, induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ-icv), provides valuable insights into the GI implications of neurodegeneration. Notably, this model leads to pathophysiological changes in the gut, including redox dyshomeostasis, resulting from central neuropathology. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying gut redox dyshomeostasis and assess the effects of D-galactose, which is known to benefit gut redox homeostasis and alleviate cognitive deficits in this model. Duodenal rings isolated from STZ-icv animals and control groups were subjected to a prooxidative environment using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or H2O2 with or without D-galactose in oxygenated Krebs buffer ex vivo. Redox homeostasis was analyzed through protein microarrays and functional biochemical assays alongside cell survival assessment. Structural equation modeling and univariate and multivariate models were employed to evaluate the differential response of STZ-icv and control samples to the controlled prooxidative challenge. STZ-icv samples showed suppressed expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased baseline activity of enzymes involved in H2O2 and superoxide homeostasis. The altered redox homeostasis status was associated with an inability to respond to oxidative challenges and D-galactose. Conversely, the presence of D-galactose increased the antioxidant capacity, enhanced catalase and peroxidase activity, and upregulated superoxide dismutases in the control samples. STZ-icv-induced gut dysfunction is characterized by a diminished ability of the redox regulatory system to maintain long-term protection through the transcription of antioxidant response genes as well as compromised activation of enzymes responsible for immediate antioxidant defense. D-galactose can exert beneficial effects on gut redox homeostasis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Interfaculty
Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Varvaras
- Department
of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vittorio Sciacca
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Bartman S, Coppotelli G, Ross JM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1987-2026. [PMID: 38534746 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are thought to have become incorporated within the eukaryotic cell approximately 2 billion years ago and play a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy production, calcium buffering and homeostasis, steroid synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis, as well as inflammation and ROS production. Considering that mitochondria are involved in a multitude of cellular processes, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a role within several age-related diseases, including cancers, diabetes (type 2), and neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. The significant increase in lifespan and increased incidence of age-related diseases over recent decades has confirmed the necessity to understand the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impacts the process of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we will offer a brief overview of mitochondria, along with structure and function of this important organelle. We will then discuss the cause and consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process, with a particular focus on its role in inflammation, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. We will offer insight into therapies and interventions currently used to preserve or restore mitochondrial functioning during aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Bartman
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jaime M Ross
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yang B, Li Y, Sun X, Li X, Sui P, Wang Y, Tian S, Wang C. Ligustilide-loaded liposome ameliorates mitochondrial impairments and improves cognitive function via the PKA/AKAP1 signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14460. [PMID: 37718506 PMCID: PMC10916432 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and maybe a pivotal point of interaction governing AD pathogenesis; oxidative stress contributes to metabolism imbalance, protein misfolding, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major contributor to oxidative stress. As vital sources of ROS, mitochondria are also the primary targets of ROS attack. Seeking effective avenues to reduce oxidative stress has attracted increasing attention for AD intervention. METHODS We developed liposome-packaged Ligustilide (LIG) and investigated its effects on mitochondrial function and AD-like pathology in the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD, and analyzed possible mechanisms. RESULTS We observed that LIG-loaded liposome (LIG-LPs) treatment reduced oxidative stress and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and mitigated cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. LIG management alleviated the destruction of the inner structure in the hippocampal mitochondria and ameliorated the imbalance between mitochondrial fission and fusion in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. We showed that the decline in cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and A-kinase anchor protein 1 for PKA (AKAP1) was associated with oxidative stress and AD-like pathology. We confirmed that LIG-mediated antioxidant properties and neuroprotection were involved in upregulating the PKA/AKAP1 signaling in APPswe cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Liposome packaging for LIG is relatively biosafe and can overcome the instability of LIG. LIG alleviates mitochondrial dysfunctions and cognitive impairment via the PKA/AKAP1 signaling pathway. Our results provide experimental evidence that LIG-LPs may be a promising agent for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xue‐Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ping Sui
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yi‐Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shu‐Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chun‐Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning ProvinceHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of EducationHealth Sciences Institute of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of MedicineJilin Medical UniversityJilinChina
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30
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Dar NJ, John U, Bano N, Khan S, Bhat SA. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration: the Underlying Role of Master Regulator Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1507-1526. [PMID: 37725216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxytosis/ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death triggered by lethal accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOHs) in membranes. Failure of the intricate PLOOH repair system is a principle cause of ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is distinctly vital for converting PLOOHs in membranes to non-toxic alcohols. As such, GPX4 is known as the master regulator of oxytosis/ferroptosis. Ferroptosis has been implicated in a number of disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), etc.), ischemia/reperfusion injury, and kidney degeneration. Reduced function of GPX4 is frequently observed in degenerative disorders. In this study, we examine how diminished GPX4 function may be a critical event in triggering oxytosis/ferroptosis to perpetuate or initiate the neurodegenerative diseases and assess the possible therapeutic importance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. These discoveries are important for advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases because oxytosis/ferroptosis may provide a new target to slow the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nargis Bano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Sameera Khan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India.
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31
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Yadav B, Kaur S, Yadav A, Verma H, Kar S, Sahu BK, Pati KR, Sarkar B, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Implications of organophosphate pesticides on brain cells and their contribution toward progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23660. [PMID: 38356323 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by severe behavioral abnormalities, cognitive and functional impairments. It is inextricably linked with the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein in the brain. Loss of white matter, neurons, synapses, and reactive microgliosis are also frequently observed in patients of AD. Although the causative mechanisms behind the neuropathological alterations in AD are not fully understood, they are likely influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD are significantly influenced by the cells of the central nervous system, namely, glial cells and neurons, which are directly engaged in the transmission of electrical signals and the processing of information. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) can trigger inflammatory responses in glial cells, leading to various cascades of events that contribute to neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and ultimately, AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, there are striking similarities between the biomarkers associated with AD and OPPs, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulation of microRNA, and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, such as amyloid β. These shared markers suggest a potential mechanistic link between OPP exposure and AD pathology. In this review, we attempt to address the role of OPPs on altered cell physiology of the brain cells leading to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress linked with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swastitapa Kar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Binit Kumar Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Riya Pati
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bibekanada Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Cermelli A, Roveta F, Giorgis L, Boschi S, Grassini A, Ferrandes F, Lombardo C, Marcinnò A, Rubino E, Rainero I. Is headache a risk factor for dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1017-1030. [PMID: 37721571 PMCID: PMC10858119 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we critically evaluate available evidence regarding the association between primary headaches and subsequent decline of cognitive function and dementia. BACKGROUND Recent studies suggested that headache disorders may increase the risk for dementia. However, available studies are conflicting. METHODS To identify qualifying studies, we searched scientific databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and BMC, screening for relevant papers. In order to reduce the heterogeneity between different studies, the analyses were further subdivided according to the clinical diagnoses and the study methodologies. RESULTS We identified 23 studies investigating the association between primary headaches and the risk of dementia. Of these, 18 met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (covering 924.140 individuals). Overall effect-size shows that primary headaches were associated with a small increase in dementia risk (OR = 1,15; CI 95%: 1,03-1,28; p = 0,02). Analyzing subgroups, we found that migraine was associated with both a moderate increased risk of all-cause dementia (OR = 1,26; p = 0,00; 95% CI: 1,13-1,40) as well as a moderate increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (OR = 2,00; p = 0,00; 95% CI: 1,46-2,75). This association was significant in both case-control and retrospective cohort studies but not in prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the presence of a link between primary headaches and dementia. However, in the subgroup analysis, only patients with migraine showed a moderate increase risk for all-cause dementia and for Alzheimer's disease. Additional rigorous studies are needed to elucidate the possible role of primary headaches on the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Cermelli
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fausto Roveta
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Lia Giorgis
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Grassini
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrandes
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Lombardo
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcinnò
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, ''Rita Levi Montalcini'', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, Italy.
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Helena ES, De Falco A, Cukierman DS, Gioda A, Gioda CR, Rey NA. Cardiotoxicity and ROS Protection Assessment of three Structure-Related N-Acylhydrazones with Potential for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400356. [PMID: 38353670 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The senescence process is associated with accumulated oxidative damage and increased metal concentration in the heart and brain. Besides, abnormal metal-protein interactions have also been linked with the development of several conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Over the years we have described a series of structure-related compounds with different activities towards models of such diseases. In this work, we evaluated the potential of three N-acylhydrazones (INHHQ: 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone, HPCIH: pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone and X1INH: 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) to prevent oxidative stress in cellular models, with the dual intent of being active on this pathway and also to confirm their lack of cardiotoxicity as an important step in the drug development process, especially considering that the target population often presents cardiovascular comorbidity. The 8-hydroxyquinoline-contaning compound, INHHQ, exhibits a significant cardioprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide and a robust antioxidant activity. However, this compound is the most toxic to the studied cell models and seems to induce oxidative damage on its own. Interestingly, although not possessing a phenol group in its structure, the new-generation 1-methylimidazole derivative X1INH showed a cardioprotective tendency towards H9c2 cells, demonstrating the importance of attaining a compromise between activity and intrinsic cytotoxicity when developing a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Santa Helena
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil Tel
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, 96230-000, Brazil
| | - Anna De Falco
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil Tel
| | - Daphne S Cukierman
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil Tel
- Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil Tel
| | - Carolina Rosa Gioda
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, 96230-000, Brazil
| | - Nicolás A Rey
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil Tel
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Scarian E, Viola C, Dragoni F, Di Gerlando R, Rizzo B, Diamanti L, Gagliardi S, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O. New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2698. [PMID: 38473944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two important and well-studied pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to elevated oxygen consumption, the high presence of easily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids and the weak antioxidant defenses, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. Uncertainty exists over whether these deficits contribute to the development of NDDs or are solely a consequence of neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, these two pathological hallmarks are linked, and it is known that OS can affect the inflammatory response. In this review, we will overview the last findings about these two pathways in the principal NDDs. Moreover, we will focus more in depth on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to understand how anti-inflammatory and antioxidants drugs have been used for the treatment of this still incurable motor neuron (MN) disease. Finally, we will analyze the principal past and actual clinical trials and the future perspectives in the study of these two pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveljn Scarian
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Viola
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Di Gerlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bartolo Rizzo
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Song M, Qiang Y, Zhao X, Song F. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1. [PMID: 38378992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, and there are no effective treatments at present. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that is closely related to the development and function of the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, it is involved in regulating the process of neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we address the biological characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, this review highlights the underlying mechanistic linkages between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the context of neurodegeneration. Finally, we also summarize the currently available cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitors and their prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 involved in neurodegenerative diseases can lead to the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Qiang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Shi Y, Chen Z, Huang L, Gong Y, Shi L. A network pharmacology approach to reveal the key ingredients in Scrophulariae Radix (SR) and their effects against Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24785. [PMID: 38322920 PMCID: PMC10844110 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Scrophulariae Radix (SR) is a commonly used medicinal plant. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which there is no effective treatment. This study aims to initially clarify the potential mechanism of SR in the treatment of AD based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Methods The principal components and corresponding protein targets of SR were conducted by HPLC analysis and searched on TCMSP. AD targets were searched on DrugBank, Chemogenomics, TTD, OMIM and GeneCards databases. The compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape3.8.2. The intersection of compound target and disease target was obtained and the coincidence target was imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network. We further performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on the targets. Meanwhile, molecular docking study and cell experiments were approved for the core target and the active compound. Results Through multidatabase retrieval and integration, it was found that 17 components of SR could exert anti-AD effects against 40 targets. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that Alzheimer's disease (hsa05010) was one of the most significant AD enrichment signalling pathways. Combined with the gene expression profile information in the AlzData database, 15 targets were found to be associated with tau or beta-amyloid protein (Aβ). GO analysis indicated that the primary molecular functions of SR in the treatment of AD were neurotransmitter receptor activity (GO:0007268), postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (GO:0070997), and acetylcholine receptor activity (GO:0050435). Moreover, we explored the anti-AD effects of SR extract and ursolic acid (UA) using SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 20 μM UA significantly reduced the oxidative damage to these neuronal cells. Conclusion This study reveals the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism of SR in the treatment of AD, and provides a theoretical basis for further basic research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Yeli Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
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Yu G, Shi Y, Cong S, Wu C, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu X, Deng H, Tan Z, Deng Y. Synthesis and evaluation of butylphthalide-scutellarein hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116099. [PMID: 38160618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A series of butylphthalide and scutellarein hybrids 3-(alkyl/alkenyl) hydroxyphthalide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. In vitro bioactivity assays indicated that most of the compounds displayed excellent antioxidant activity and moderate to good inhibition activities of self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Among them, compound 7c was demonstrated as a potential and balanced multifunctional candidate displaying the best inhibitory effects on self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation (90.2 % and 35.4 %, respectively) and moderate activity for disaggregation of Aβ1-42 aggregation (42.5 %). In addition, 7c also displayed excellent antioxidant (2.42 Trolox equivalents), metal ions chelating, oxidative stress alleviation, neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrated that 7c could ameliorate the learning and memory impairment induced by sodium nitrite and Aβ1-42 in the step-down passive avoidance test. These balanced multifunctional profiles supporting compound 7c as a novel potential candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yichun Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiqin Cong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengxun Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haixing Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Scolari Grotto F, Glaser V. Are high copper levels related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between 2011 and 2022. Biometals 2024; 37:3-22. [PMID: 37594582 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper performs an important role in the brain, but in high levels it can be neurotoxic. Further, some authors have described that copper dyshomeostasis could be related with neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, this review was performed to observe whether high copper levels are related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD), using the literature published recently. Articles that measured copper levels in AD or PD patients was included, as well as they that measured copper levels in models used to mimic these diseases. Also, results about high copper levels effects and its relationship with AD and PD observed in laboratory animals are considered. In summary, 38 and 24 articles with AD and PD patients were included, respectively. Despite of the heterogeneity between the studies in humans, meta-analysis has demonstrated that there is an increase in free and total copper levels in the blood of AD patients compared to controls, and a decrease in copper levels in PD patients. A decrease in the metal content in postmortem brain tissue was observed in AD and PD. In manuscripts using animal models that mimic AD and PD, it was included seven and three articles, respectively. Two of them have reported an increase in copper concentrations in AD model, and one in PD model. Finally, studies with laboratory animals have concluded that high copper levels are related to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in neurotransmitter levels, cell death, and reduced both cognitive and locomotor activity, which are also described in AD or PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabielly Scolari Grotto
- Cell Biology Lab, Biological and Agronomic Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km3, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane Glaser
- Cell Biology Lab, Biological and Agronomic Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km3, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
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Fertan E, Böken D, Murray A, Danial JSH, Lam JYL, Wu Y, Goh PA, Alić I, Cheetham MR, Lobanova E, Zhang YP, Nižetić D, Klenerman D. Cerebral organoids with chromosome 21 trisomy secrete Alzheimer's disease-related soluble aggregates detectable by single-molecule-fluorescence and super-resolution microscopy. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:369-386. [PMID: 38102482 PMCID: PMC11116105 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of small, soluble aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great importance for the rational design of preventative therapies. Here we report a set of methods for the detection, quantification, and characterisation of soluble aggregates in conditioned media of cerebral organoids derived from human iPSCs with trisomy 21, thus containing an extra copy of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. We detected soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau aggregates secreted by cerebral organoids from both control and the isogenic trisomy 21 (T21) genotype. We developed a novel method to normalise measurements to the number of live neurons within organoid-conditioned media based on glucose consumption. Thus normalised, T21 organoids produced 2.5-fold more Aβ aggregates with a higher proportion of larger (300-2000 nm2) and more fibrillary-shaped aggregates than controls, along with 1.3-fold more soluble phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregates, increased inflammasome ASC-specks, and a higher level of oxidative stress inducing thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Importantly, all this was detectable prior to the appearance of histological amyloid plaques or intraneuronal tau-pathology in organoid slices, demonstrating the feasibility to model the initial pathogenic mechanisms for AD in-vitro using cells from live genetically pre-disposed donors before the onset of clinical disease. Then, using different iPSC clones generated from the same donor at different times in two independent experiments, we tested the reproducibility of findings in organoids. While there were differences in rates of disease progression between the experiments, the disease mechanisms were conserved. Overall, our results show that it is possible to non-invasively follow the development of pathology in organoid models of AD over time, by monitoring changes in the aggregates and proteins in the conditioned media, and open possibilities to study the time-course of the key pathogenic processes taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Fertan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Dorothea Böken
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Aoife Murray
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John S H Danial
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jeff Y L Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Yunzhao Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Pollyanna A Goh
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ivan Alić
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matthew R Cheetham
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Evgeniia Lobanova
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Yu P Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Dean Nižetić
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Klenerman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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Ross JM, Olson L, Coppotelli G. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Protein Homeostasis in Aging: Insights from a Premature-Aging Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2024; 14:162. [PMID: 38397399 PMCID: PMC10886786 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in aging and age-related disorders. Disturbed-protein homeostasis and clearance of damaged proteins have also been linked to aging, as well as to neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. However, since mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, ubiquitin-proteasome, and autophagy-lysosome systems are tightly interdependent, it is not understood whether the facets observed in aging are the causes or consequences of one or all of these failed processes. We therefore used prematurely aging mtDNA-mutator mice and normally aging wild-type littermates to elucidate whether mitochondrial dysfunction per se is sufficient to impair cellular protein homeostasis similarly to that which is observed in aging. We found that both mitochondrial dysfunction and normal aging affect the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a tissue-dependent manner, whereas only normal aging markedly impairs the autophagy-lysosome system. Thus, our data show that the proteostasis network control in the prematurely aging mtDNA-mutator mouse differs in certain aspects from that found in normal aging. Taken together, our findings suggest that severe mitochondrial dysfunction drives an aging phenotype associated with the impairment of certain components of the protein homeostasis machinery, while others, such as the autophagy-lysosome system, are not affected or only minimally affected. Taken together, this shows that aging is a multifactorial process resulting from alterations of several integrated biological processes; thus, manipulating one process at the time might not be sufficient to fully recapitulate all changes associated with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Ross
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Reiss AB, Gulkarov S, Jacob B, Srivastava A, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:196. [PMID: 38398707 PMCID: PMC10890468 DOI: 10.3390/life14020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects persons aged 65 years and above. It causes dementia with memory loss and deterioration in thinking and language skills. AD is characterized by specific pathology resulting from the accumulation in the brain of extracellular plaques of amyloid-β and intracellular tangles of phosphorylated tau. The importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD pathogenesis, while previously underrecognized, is now more and more appreciated. Mitochondria are an essential organelle involved in cellular bioenergetics and signaling pathways. Mitochondrial processes crucial for synaptic activity such as mitophagy, mitochondrial trafficking, mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial fusion are dysregulated in the AD brain. Excess fission and fragmentation yield mitochondria with low energy production. Reduced glucose metabolism is also observed in the AD brain with a hypometabolic state, particularly in the temporo-parietal brain regions. This review addresses the multiple ways in which abnormal mitochondrial structure and function contribute to AD. Disruption of the electron transport chain and ATP production are particularly neurotoxic because brain cells have disproportionately high energy demands. In addition, oxidative stress, which is extremely damaging to nerve cells, rises dramatically with mitochondrial dyshomeostasis. Restoring mitochondrial health may be a viable approach to AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Shelly Gulkarov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Benna Jacob
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Irving H. Gomolin
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Mark M. Stecker
- The Fresno Institute of Neuroscience, Fresno, CA 93730, USA;
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
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Wang H, Yan X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li J, Zhang X. Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2007 to 2022. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:101-128. [PMID: 38312534 PMCID: PMC10836605 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The investigation of mitophagy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains relatively underexplored in bibliometric analysis. Objective To delve into the progress of mitophagy, offering a comprehensive overview of research trends and frontiers for researchers. Methods Basic bibliometric information, targets, and target-drug-clinical trial-disease extracted from publications identified in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2007 to 2022 were assessed using bibliometric software. Results The study encompassed 5,146 publications, displaying a consistent 16-year upward trajectory. The United States emerged as the foremost contributor in publications, with the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease being the most prolific journal. P. Hemachandra Reddy, George Perry, and Xiongwei Zhu are the top 3 most prolific authors. PINK1 and Parkin exhibited an upward trend in the last 6 years. Keywords (e.g., insulin, aging, epilepsy, tauopathy, and mitochondrial quality control) have recently emerged as focal points of interest within the past 3 years. "Mitochondrial dysfunction" is among the top terms in disease clustering. The top 10 drugs/molecules (e.g., curcumin, insulin, and melatonin) were summarized, accompanied by their clinical trials and related targets. Conclusions This study presents a comprehensive overview of the mitophagy research landscape in AD over the past 16 years, underscoring mitophagy as an emerging molecular mechanism and a crucial focal point for potential drug in AD. This study pioneers the inclusion of targets and their correlations with drugs, clinical trials, and diseases in bibliometric analysis, providing valuable insights and inspiration for scholars and readers of JADR interested in understanding the potential mechanisms and clinical trials in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jilai Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Asghar S, Mushtaq N, Ahmed A, Anwar L, Munawar R, Akhtar S. Potential of Tryptamine Derivatives as Multi-Target Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease: AChE, MAO-B, and COX-2 as Molecular Targets. Molecules 2024; 29:490. [PMID: 38276568 PMCID: PMC10820890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been dedicated to develop compounds that can target multiple aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment due to a growing understanding of AD's complex multifaceted nature and various interconnected pathological pathways. In the present study, a series of biological assays were performed to evaluate the potential of the tryptamine analogues synthesized earlier in our lab as multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) for AD. To assess the inhibitory effects of the compounds, various in vitro assays were employed. Three compounds, SR42, SR25, and SR10, displayed significant AChE inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.70 µM, 0.17 µM, and 1.00 µM, respectively. These values superseded the standard drug donepezil (1.96 µM). In the MAO-B inhibition assay, SR42 (IC50 = 43.21 µM) demonstrated superior inhibitory effects as compared to tryptamine and other derivatives. Moreover, SR22 (84.08%), SR24 (79.30%), and SR42 (75.16%) exhibited notable percent inhibition against the COX-2 enzyme at a tested concentration of 100 µM. To gain insights into their binding mode and to validate the biological results, molecular docking studies were conducted. Overall, the results suggest that SR42, a 4,5 nitro-benzoyl derivative of tryptamine, exhibited significant potential as a MTDL and warrants further investigation for the development of anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan;
| | - Nousheen Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Ahsaan Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Laila Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan;
| | - Rabya Munawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan;
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De Francesco MA. Herpesviridae, Neurodegenerative Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases: What Is the Relationship between Them? Viruses 2024; 16:133. [PMID: 38257833 PMCID: PMC10818483 DOI: 10.3390/v16010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease represent the most common forms of cognitive impairment. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system responsible for severe disability. An aberrant immune response is the cause of myelin destruction that covers axons in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by alteration of B cell activation, while Sjögren's syndrome is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by altered immune responses. The etiology of all these diseases is very complex, including an interrelationship between genetic factors, principally immune associated genes, and environmental factors such as infectious agents. However, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases share proinflammatory signatures and a perturbation of adaptive immunity that might be influenced by herpesviruses. Therefore, they might play a critical role in the disease pathogenesis. The aim of this review was to summarize the principal findings that link herpesviruses to both neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases; moreover, briefly underlining the potential therapeutic approach of virus vaccination and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia De Francesco
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Janda E, Boutin JA, De Lorenzo C, Arbitrio M. Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomics of NQO2: The Past and the Future. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:87. [PMID: 38254976 PMCID: PMC10815803 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The flavoenzyme N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide (NRH):quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) catalyzes two-electron reductions of quinones. NQO2 contributes to the metabolism of biogenic and xenobiotic quinones, including a wide range of antitumor drugs, with both toxifying and detoxifying functions. Moreover, NQO2 activity can be inhibited by several compounds, including drugs and phytochemicals such as flavonoids. NQO2 may play important roles that go beyond quinone metabolism and include the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy, with implications in carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration. NQO2 is a highly polymorphic gene with several allelic variants, including insertions (I), deletions (D) and single-nucleotide (SNP) polymorphisms located mainly in the promoter, but also in other regulatory regions and exons. This is the first systematic review of the literature reporting on NQO2 gene variants as risk factors in degenerative diseases or drug adverse effects. In particular, hypomorphic 29 bp I alleles have been linked to breast and other solid cancer susceptibility as well as to interindividual variability in response to chemotherapy. On the other hand, hypermorphic polymorphisms were associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The I and D promoter variants and other NQO2 polymorphisms may impact cognitive decline, alcoholism and toxicity of several nervous system drugs. Future studies are required to fill several gaps in NQO2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Janda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, UMR 1239, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Carlo De Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Li S, Sun Y, Gao Y, Yu X, Zhao C, Song X, Han F, Yu J. Spectrum-effect relationship analysis based on HPLC-FT-ICR-MS and multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the pharmacodynamic substances of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction on Alzheimer's disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115765. [PMID: 37844366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) threatens elderly human health and still lacks effective treatment. Our previous work showed that LGZGD possessed a neuroprotective effect on the Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells, indicating that LGZGD may be a potential drug for treatment of AD. However, its pharmacodynamic substances which show anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant stress activities are still unrevealed. This research aims to reveal the pharmacodynamic substances of LGZGD on Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell model of AD based on a spectrum-effect relationship study by using HPLC-FT-ICR-MS method and multivariate statistical analysis. Firstly, the chemical composition spectra of different combinations of LGZGD were recorded by HPLC-FT-ICR MS. Subsequently, Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell model of AD was established and pharmacodynamic experiments were conducted to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, respectively. Finally, the potential pharmacodynamic substances were screened out through spectrum-effect relationship study accompanied by multivariate statistical analysis including bivariate correlation analysis (BCA), grey relational analysis (GRA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR). As a result, a total of 96 chemical consistents in different combinations of LGZGD were discovered. Among them, 7 components such as isoglabrolide, licorice saponin E2, licorice saponin N2 and licoisoflavanone were directly linked with the anti-inflammatory effects, and 14 constituents such as tumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C, dehydrotumulosic acid, dehydropachymic acid, and pachymic acid were directly correlated with the anti-oxidative stress activities. In conclusion, we combined the HPLC-FT-ICR-MS spectra with pharmacodynamic indicators to develop the spectrum-effect relationships of LGZGD for the first time, and successfully revealed its potential pharmacodynamic substances in the treatment of AD from the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in the cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yutong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuping Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Bian Z, Yu H, Hu X, Bian Y, Sun H, Tadokoro K, Takemoto M, Yunoki T, Nakano Y, Fukui Y, Morihara R, Abe K, Yamashita T. Tocovid Attenuated Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Decline by Inhibiting Amyloid-β-Induced NOX2 Activation in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S23-S33. [PMID: 36565115 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activated NOX2 may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies showed that a novel vitamin E mixture, Tocovid, had potential neuroprotective effects in a stroke mice model and an AD cell model. Objective The aim of this study was two-fold: to assess whether long-term Tocovid treatment can regulate NOX2, and the therapeutic effects of long-term administration of Tocovid to an AD mice model. Methods Therapeutic effects of long-term administration of Tocovid (200 mg/kg /day) on an Aβ-overexpressed transgenic AD mice model (APP23, n = 8) was investigated. The therapeutic effect of Tocovid in 16-month-old mice compared with the no-treatment APP23 group (n = 9) was assessed. Results Tocovid treatment strongly improved motor and memory deficits of APP23 mice by attenuating NOX2 expression, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurovascular unit dysfunction, synaptic alteration, and Aβ deposition after 16 months. Conclusion These findings suggest that NOX2 is a potential target in AD pathology. Long-term administration of Tocovid may be a promising candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuting Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Gorham IK, Reid DM, Sun J, Zhou Z, Barber RC, Phillips NR. Blood-Based mtDNA Quantification Indicates Population-Specific Differences Associated with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1407-1419. [PMID: 38250773 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is known to be the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Mexican Americans (MAs), who are one of the fastest-aging populations in the United States, are at a uniquely elevated risk. Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction are key players in the progression of AD and are also known to be impacted by lifestyle and environmental exposures/stressors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify population-specific differences in indicators of mitochondrial stress and dysfunction associated with AD risk that are detectable in the blood. METHODS Examining blood from both non-Hispanic white (NHW) and MA participants (N = 527, MA n = 284, NHW n = 243), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) copy numbers were assessed through quantitative PCR. Data was stratified by population and sample type, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors that may influence this phenotype of mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS In the MA cohort, there was a significant relationship between cellular mtDNA:nDNA ratio and body mass index, CDR sum of boxes score, the APOEɛ2/ɛ3 genotype, and education. Further, there was a significant relationship between cell-free mtDNA copy number and both education and CDR sum score. In the NHW cohort, there was a significant relationship between cellular mtDNA:nDNA ratio and both age and CDR sum score. Age was associated with cell-free mtDNA in the NHW cohort. CONCLUSIONS This evidence supports the existence of population-based differences in the factors that are predictive of this blood-based phenotype of mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be indicative of cognitive decline and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle K Gorham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Research, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Research, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Kobayashi Y, Sakai C, Ishida T, Nagata M, Nakano Y, Ishida M. Mitochondrial DNA is a key driver in cigarette smoke extract-induced IL-6 expression. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:88-101. [PMID: 37848561 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, the primary pathogenesis of which is inflammation. We recently reported that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) causes cytosolic and extracellular accumulation of both nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, which leads to inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, we examined whether inflammation induction depends more on cytosolic nDNA or mtDNA, and which chemical constituents of CSE are involved. Acrolein (ACR), methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), and 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CPO) were used in the experiments, as these are the major cytotoxic factors in CSE in various cell types. Stimulation with ACR, MVK, or CPO alone resulted in the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but not oxidative DNA damage, accumulation of cytosolic DNA, or increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneous administration of all three constituents (ALL) resulted in oxidative DNA damage in both the nucleus and mitochondria, accumulation of DSBs, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, accumulation of cytosolic free DNA, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1α. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, suppressed oxidative DNA damage and the increased expression of IL-6 and IL-1α induced by ALL or CSE. The ALL- or CSE-induced increase in IL-6 expression, but not that of IL-1α, was suppressed by mtDNA depletion. In conclusion, ACR, MVK, and CPO may strongly contribute to CSE-induced inflammation. More importantly, cytosolic free mtDNA is thought to play an important role in IL-6 expression, a central mediator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Minako Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Dawood DH, Srour AM, Omar MA, Farghaly TA, El-Shiekh RA. Synthesis and molecular docking simulation of new benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300201. [PMID: 37937360 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a cognitive disturbance that is generally correlated with central nervous system diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. The limited number of medications available is insufficient to improve the lifestyle of the patients suffering from this disease. Thus, new benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids (3-10) were designed and synthesized as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory agents. The in vitro evaluation displayed that the derivatives 4b, 4d, 5b, 6a, 7a, and 8b demonstrated dual inhibitory efficiency against both AChE with IC50 ranging from 4.55 to 8.62 µM and BChE with IC50 ranging from 3.50 to 8.32 µM. By analyzing the Lineweaver-Burk plot, an uncompetitive form of inhibition was determined for the highly active compound 4d, revealing its inhibition type. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cell line was used to ensure the safety of the most potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, compounds 4b, 4d, 5b, 6a, 7a, and 8b were evaluated for their neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to suppress COX-2. The results demonstrated that compounds 4d, 5b, and 8b presented significant neuroprotection efficiency against H2 O2 -induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells with % cell viability of 67.42 ± 7.90%, 62.51 ± 6.71%, and 72.61 ± 8.10%, respectively, while the tested candidates did not reveal significant antioxidant activity. Otherwise, compounds 4b, 6a, 7a, and 8b displayed outstanding COX-2 inhibition effects with IC50 ranging from 0.050 to 0.080 μM relative to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.050 µM). In addition, molecular docking was carried out for the potent benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids with the active sites of both AChE (PDB ID: 4EY7) and BChE (PDB code: 1P0P). The tested candidates fit well in the active sites of both portions, with docking scores ranging from -8.65 to -6.64 kcal/mol (for AChE) and -8.71 to -7.73 kcal/mol (for BChE). In silico results show that the synthesized benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids have good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties with no Lipinski rule violations. The preceding results exhibited that compound 4d could be used as a new template for developing more significant cholinesterase inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H Dawood
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Omar
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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