1
|
Rule AD, Grossardt BR, Weston AD, Garner HW, Kline TL, Chamberlain AM, Allen AM, Erickson BJ, Rocca WA, St Sauver JL. Older Tissue Age Derived From Abdominal Computed Tomography Biomarkers of Muscle, Fat, and Bone Is Associated With Chronic Conditions and Higher Mortality. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:878-890. [PMID: 38310501 PMCID: PMC11153040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether body composition derived from medical imaging may be useful for assessing biologic age at the tissue level because people of the same chronologic age may vary with respect to their biologic age. METHODS We identified an age- and sex-stratified cohort of 4900 persons with an abdominal computed tomography scan from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, who were 20 to 89 years old and representative of the general population in Southeast Minnesota and West Central Wisconsin. We constructed a model for estimating tissue age that included 6 body composition biomarkers calculated from abdominal computed tomography using a previously validated deep learning model. RESULTS Older tissue age associated with intermediate subcutaneous fat area, higher visceral fat area, lower muscle area, lower muscle density, higher bone area, and lower bone density. A tissue age older than chronologic age was associated with chronic conditions that result in reduced physical fitness (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and behavioral disorders). Furthermore, a tissue age older than chronologic age was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.84) that was independent of demographic characteristics, county of residency, education, body mass index, and baseline chronic conditions. CONCLUSION Imaging-based body composition measures may be useful in understanding the biologic processes underlying accelerated aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rule
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension.
| | - Brandon R Grossardt
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexander D Weston
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Hillary W Garner
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Alanna M Chamberlain
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alina M Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradley J Erickson
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Walter A Rocca
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer L St Sauver
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sathyan S, Milman S, Ayers E, Gao T, Verghese J, Barzilai N. Plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:938-948. [PMID: 38439214 PMCID: PMC11039368 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults. METHODS The association of abdominal obesity (waist circumference [WC]) with 4265 plasma proteins identified using the SomaScan Assay was examined in 969 Ashkenazi Jewish participants (LonGenity cohort), aged 65 years and older (mean [SD] age 75.7 [6.7] years, 55.4% women), using regression models. Pathway analysis, as well as weighted correlation network analysis, was performed. WC was determined from the proteome using elastic net regression. RESULTS A total of 480 out of 4265 proteins were associated with WC in the linear regression model. Leptin (β [SE] = 12.363 [0.490]), inhibin β C chain (INHBC; β [SE] = 24.324 [1.448]), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2; β [SE] = -12.782 [0.841]), heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 3 (H6ST3; β [SE] = -39.995 [2.729]), and matrix-remodeling-associated protein 8 (MXRA8; β [SE] = -27.101 [1.850]) were the top proteins associated with WC. Cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and IGF transport pathways were the top enriched pathways associated with WC. WC signature determined from plasma proteins was highly correlated with measured WC (r = 0.80) and was associated with various metabolic and physical traits. CONCLUSIONS The study unveiled a multifaceted plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults, offering insights into its wide-ranging impact on the proteome. It also elucidated novel proteins, clusters of correlated proteins, and pathways that are intricately associated with abdominal obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanish Sathyan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szablewski L. Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2397. [PMID: 38397072 PMCID: PMC10889819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as a metabolic hormone. Insulin influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels and stimulating glucose storage in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. It is involved in fat metabolism, increasing the storage of triglycerides and decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body metabolism also depends on insulin action, as insulin reduces ketone body concentrations and influences protein metabolism. It increases nitrogen retention, facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells and increases the synthesis of proteins. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown and is involved in cellular growth and proliferation. On the other hand, defects in the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin may cause several disturbances in human metabolism, resulting in several chronic diseases. Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is due to the decreased reaction of insulin signaling for glucose levels, seen when glucose use in response to an adequate concentration of insulin is impaired. Insulin resistance may cause, for example, increased plasma insulin levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs metabolic processes and is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Hyperinsulinemia may increase the risk of initiation, progression and metastasis of several cancers and may cause poor cancer outcomes. Insulin resistance is a health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms of insulin resistance, causes and types of insulin resistance and strategies against insulin resistance are described in this review. Attention is also paid to factors that are associated with the development of insulin resistance, the main and characteristic symptoms of particular syndromes, plus other aspects of severe insulin resistance. This review mainly focuses on the description and analysis of changes in cells due to insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shin SK, Lee JY, Bae HR, Park HJ, Kwon EY. Animal protein hydrolysate reduces visceral fat and inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in aged mice. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:46-61. [PMID: 38352208 PMCID: PMC10861341 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H2O2 levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Heekyong R. Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jafari A, Faghfouri AH, Nikpayam O. The effect of low-fructose diet on anthropometric and metabolic factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:281-293. [PMID: 38176960 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In recent decades, there has been a rise in the consumption of sugars containing fructose, raising concerns about their association with metabolic disorders and obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of a low-fructose diet on anthropometric and metabolic variables. DATA SYNTHESIS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of low-fructose diets on anthropometric and metabolic factors. Relevant studies were identified by searching electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Ten trials with varying intervention durations (ranging from 4 to 24 weeks) and a total of 750 participants were included. The analysis revealed that a low-fructose diet had no significant effect on weight but did have a significant impact on body mass index (SMD = -0.2; 95 % CI: -0.37, -0.04, P = 0.017) and waist circumference (SMD = -0.48; 95 % CI: -0.67, -0.29, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a low-fructose diet significantly affected systolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.24; 95 % CI: -0.39, -0.09, P = 0.002), fasting blood glucose (SMD = -0.23; 95 % CI: -0.40, -0.07, P = 0.005), hemoglobin A1c (SMD = -0.62; 95 % CI: -0.93, -0.31, P < 0.0001), and triglyceride levels (SMD = -0.17; 95 % CI: -0.33, -0.02, P = 0.028). However, it had no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure, insulin levels, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Subgroup analysis indicated that a low-fructose diet had a greater effect on healthy participants aged over 50 years. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis results suggest that low-fructose diets significantly reduce body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, the results of the current study suggest that a low-fructose diet may be more effective in healthy individuals who are older than 50 years old compared to those younger than 50 years old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Omid Nikpayam
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mukherjee S, Bruno MEC, Oakes J, Hawk GS, Stromberg AJ, Cohen DA, Starr ME. Mechanisms of γδ T cell accumulation in visceral adipose tissue with aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 4:1258836. [PMID: 38274288 PMCID: PMC10808514 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1258836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
γδ T cells are resident in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) where they show an age-associated increase in numbers and contribute to local and systemic chronic inflammation. However, regulation of this population and mechanisms for the age-dependent accumulation are not known. In this study, we identified a progressive trend of γδ T cell accumulation in VAT over the lifespan in mice and explored physiological mechanisms contributing to accumulation. Using isochronic parabiotic pairs of wild-type (WT) and T cell receptor delta knockout (TCRδ KO) mice at young and old age, we confirmed that VAT γδ T cells are predominately a tissue-resident population which is sustained in aging. Migration of peripheral γδ T cells into VAT was observed at less than 10%, with a decreasing trend by aging, suggesting a minor contribution of recruitment to γδ T cell accumulation with aging. Since tissue-resident T cell numbers are tightly regulated by a balance between proliferation and programmed cell death, we further explored these processes. Using in vivo EdU incorporation and the proliferation marker Ki67, we found that the absolute number of proliferating γδ T cells in VAT is significantly higher in the aged compared to young and middle-aged mice, despite a decline in the proportion of proliferating to non-proliferating cells by age. Analysis of apoptosis via caspase 3/7 activation revealed that VAT γδ T cells show reduced apoptosis starting at middle age and continuing into old age. Further, induction of apoptosis using pharmacological inhibitors of Bcl2 family proteins revealed that VAT γδ T cells at middle age are uniquely protected from apoptosis via a mechanism independent of traditional anti-apoptotic Bcl2-family proteins. Collectively, these data indicate that protection from apoptosis at middle age increases survival of tissue-resident γδ T cells resulting in an increased number of proliferative cells from middle age onward, and leading to the age-associated accumulation of γδ T cells in VAT. These findings are important to better understand how adipose tissue dysfunction and related changes in the immune profile contribute to inflammaging among the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Maria E. C. Bruno
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jason Oakes
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory S. Hawk
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Arnold J. Stromberg
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Donald A. Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
La Russa D, Barberio L, Marrone A, Perri A, Pellegrino D. Caloric Restriction Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis in an Aged and Obese Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1778. [PMID: 37760081 PMCID: PMC10525959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is an effective intervention to protract healthspan and lifespan in several animal models from yeast to primates, including humans. Caloric restriction has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health and to delay the onset and progression of kidney disease in different species, particularly in rodent models. In both aging and obesity, fibrosis is a hallmark of kidney disease, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a key process that leads to fibrosis and renal dysfunction during aging. In this study, we used an aged and obese rat model to evaluate the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (-40%) on renal damage both from a structural and functional point of view. Renal interstitial fibrosis was analyzed by histological techniques, whereas effects on mesenchymal (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Desmin and α-SMA), antioxidant (SOD1, SOD2, Catalase and GSTP1) inflammatory (YM1 and iNOS) markers and apoptotic/cell cycle (BAX, BCL2, pJNK, Caspase 3 and p27) pathways were investigated using Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction promotes cell cycle division and reduces apoptotic injury and fibrosis phenotype through inflammation attenuation and leukocyte infiltration. In conclusion, we highlight the beneficial effects of caloric restriction to preserve elderly kidney function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin H, Oh HJ, Lee BY. GABA Prevents Age-Related Sarcopenic Obesity in Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:2146. [PMID: 37681878 PMCID: PMC10487108 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by concurrent obesity and muscle wasting (sarcopenia) and is common in the elderly. Sarcopenic obesity has steadily increased as the aging population has grown and is an increasing public health burden. Both obesity and sarcopenia independently increase health risks of the elderly, but sarcopenic obesity has a greater effect on metabolic disease than either obesity or sarcopenia alone. The metabolic mechanisms of obesity and sarcopenia are strongly interconnected, and obesity and sarcopenia form a vicious cycle, with each pathology exacerbating the other. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is more complex than either disease alone and remains incompletely understood, underscoring the significant unmet clinical need for effective sarcopenic obesity treatments. We aimed to determine the efficacy and underlying regulatory mechanisms of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in sarcopenic obesity in high-fat-diet-fed obese aged mice and alterations in related mechanisms to determine the potential of GABA as a therapeutic modality for sarcopenic obesity. In this study, we used young (3 months) and aged (20 months) mice to evaluate age-related sarcopenic obesity. The daily administration of GABA for 8 weeks resulted in decreased fat mass and increased muscle mass and strength in aged mice. GABA also enhanced energy expenditure in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In addition, GABA promoted muscle synthesis and decreased muscle degradation by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. These findings demonstrate that GABA has potential uses in preventing age-related sarcopenic obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Lange P, Lombardi A, Silvestri E, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Iervolino S, Petito G, Senese R, Lanni A, Moreno M. Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11676. [PMID: 37511435 PMCID: PMC10380998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Stefania Iervolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rostkowska E, Poleszak E, Wojciechowska K, Dos Santos Szewczyk K. Dermatological Management of Aged Skin. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of the work concerns the dermatological management of patients mainly with aged skin. The purpose of the work was to present the basic techniques and preparations which are performed by dermatologists in the treatment of aged skin. There are dermatological treatments related to the treatment of skin diseases and cosmetic treatments which are mainly related to skin care. In this work, the method of literature research was applied. On the basis of books and journal articles on dermatological and cosmetic procedures for aged skin, an analysis of treatment types was made. Then, the results of this analysis were presented in the paper under discussion. The paper presents information on the skin and its properties. The structure and functions of the skin, aging processes and characteristics of aged skin were discussed. Then, the possibilities of reducing the visible signs of skin aging through the use of invasive and non-invasive dermatological and cosmetological treatments were given, and the most important components of preparations used supportively in combating skin aging processes were discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Role of Machine Learning-Based CT Body Composition in Risk Prediction and Prognostication: Current State and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050968. [PMID: 36900112 PMCID: PMC10000509 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CT body composition analysis has been shown to play an important role in predicting health and has the potential to improve patient outcomes if implemented clinically. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have led to high speed and accuracy for extracting body composition metrics from CT scans. These may inform preoperative interventions and guide treatment planning. This review aims to discuss the clinical applications of CT body composition in clinical practice, as it moves towards widespread clinical implementation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Palikaras K, Mari M, Ploumi C, Princz A, Filippidis G, Tavernarakis N. Age-dependent nuclear lipid droplet deposition is a cellular hallmark of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13788. [PMID: 36718841 PMCID: PMC10086520 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for several life-threatening pathologies and impairs the function of multiple cellular compartments and organelles. Age-dependent deterioration of nuclear morphology is a common feature in evolutionarily divergent organisms. Lipid droplets have been shown to localize in most nuclear compartments, where they impinge on genome architecture and integrity. However, the significance of progressive nuclear lipid accumulation and its impact on organismal homeostasis remain obscure. Here, we implement non-linear imaging modalities to monitor and quantify age-dependent nuclear lipid deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that lipid droplets increasingly accumulate in the nuclear envelope, during aging. Longevity-promoting interventions, such as low insulin signaling and caloric restriction, abolish the rate of nuclear lipid accrual and decrease the size of lipid droplets. Suppression of lipotoxic lipid accumulation in hypodermal and intestinal nuclei is dependent on the transcription factor HLH-30/TFEB and the triglyceride lipase ATGL-1. HLH-30 regulates the expression of ATGL-1 to reduce nuclear lipid droplet abundance in response to lifespan-extending conditions. Notably, ATGL-1 localizes to the nuclear envelope and moderates lipid content in long-lived mutant nematodes during aging. Our findings indicate that the reduced ATGL-1 activity leads to excessive nuclear lipid accumulation, perturbing nuclear homeostasis and undermining organismal physiology, during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Palikaras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meropi Mari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece.,Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrea Princz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece.,Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cai Z, He B. Adipose tissue aging: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2023; 138:155328. [PMID: 36202221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Adipose tissue plays central roles in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism homeostasis and has recently attracted significant attention as a biological driver of aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-related decline in adipose tissue function. In particular, we focus on the complex inter-relationship between metabolism, immune, and sympathetic nervous system within adipose tissue during aging. Moreover, we discuss the rejuvenation strategies to delay aging and extend lifespan, including senescent cell ablation (senolytics), dietary intervention, physical exercise, and heterochronic parabiosis. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue aging will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to slow or reverse aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chronic docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves metabolic plasticity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of aged obese female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109153. [PMID: 36150680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the potential beneficial effects of chronic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on restoring subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) plasticity in obese aged female mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received a control (CT) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, 6-month-old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into the DIO and the DIOMEG group (fed with a DHA-enriched HFD) up to 18 months. In scWAT, the DHA-enriched diet reduced the mean adipocyte size and reversed the upregulation of lipogenic genes induced by the HFD, reaching values even lower than those observed in CT animals. DIO mice exhibited an up-regulation of lipolytic and fatty oxidation gene expressions that was reversed in DHA-supplemented mice except for Cpt1a mRNA levels, which were higher in DIOMEG as compared to CT mice. DHA restored the increase of proinflammatory genes observed in scWAT of DIO mice. While no changes were observed in total macrophage F4/80+/CD11b+ content, the DHA treatment switched scWAT macrophages profile by reducing the M1 marker Cd11c and increasing the M2 marker CD206. These events occurred alongside with a stimulation of beige adipocyte specific genes, the restoration of UCP1 and pAKT/AKT ratio, and a recovery of the HFD-induced Fgf21 upregulation. In summary, DHA supplementation induced a metabolic remodeling of scWAT to a healthier phenotype in aged obese mice by modulating genes controlling lipid accumulation in adipocytes, reducing the inflammatory status, and inducing beige adipocyte markers in obese aged mice.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wan Q, Huang B, Li T, Xiao Y, He Y, Du W, Wang BZ, Dakin GF, Rosenbaum M, Goncalves MD, Chen S, Leong KW, Qiang L. Selective targeting of visceral adiposity by polycation nanomedicine. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1311-1321. [PMID: 36456644 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic health problem with poor solutions, especially for targeted treatment. Here we develop a polycation-based nanomedicine polyamidoamine generation 3 (P-G3) that-when delivered intraperitoneally-selectively targets visceral fat due to its high charge density. Moreover, P-G3 treatment of obese mice inhibits visceral adiposity, increases energy expenditure, prevents obesity and alleviates the associated metabolic dysfunctions. In vitro adipogenesis models and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that P-G3 uncouples adipocyte lipid synthesis and storage from adipocyte development to create adipocytes that possess normal functions but are deficient in hypertrophic growth, at least through synergistically modulating nutrient-sensing signalling pathways. The visceral fat distribution of P-G3 is enhanced by modifying P-G3 with cholesterol to form lipophilic nanoparticles, which is effective in treating obesity. Our study highlights a strategy to target visceral adiposity and suggests that cationic nanomaterials could be exploited for treating metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baoding Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying He
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Branden Z Wang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Dakin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang G, Song A, Bae M, Wang QA. Adipose Tissue Plasticity in Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4119-4132. [PMID: 36214190 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a dynamic endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores lipids and plays a critical role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. A large group of the population over 65 years old suffer from increased WAT mass, especially in the visceral location. Visceral adiposity accelerates aging through promoting age-associated chronic conditions, significantly shortening life expectancy. Unlike WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as an effective energy sink that burns and disposes of excess lipids and glucose upon activation of thermogenesis. Unfortunately, the thermogenic activity of BAT declines during aging. New appreciation of cellular and functional remodeling of WAT and BAT during aging has emerged in recent years. Efforts are underway to explore the potential underlying mechanisms behind these age-associated alterations in WAT and BAT and the impact of these alterations on whole-body metabolism. Lastly, it is intriguing to translate our knowledge obtained from animal models to the clinic to prevent and treat age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 4119-4132, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marie Bae
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fang H, Stone KP, Wanders D, Forney LA, Gettys TW. The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Dietary Methionine Restriction. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:201-226. [PMID: 35588443 PMCID: PMC9936953 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The original description of dietary methionine restriction (MR) used semipurified diets to limit methionine intake to 20% of normal levels, and this reduction in dietary methionine increased longevity by ∼30% in rats. The MR diet also produces paradoxical increases in energy intake and expenditure and limits fat deposition while reducing tissue and circulating lipids and enhancing overall insulin sensitivity. In the years following the original 1993 report, a comprehensive effort has been made to understand the nutrient sensing and signaling systems linking reduced dietary methionine to the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional components of the response. Recent work has shown that transcriptional activation of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key event linking the MR diet to many but not all components of its metabolic phenotype. These findings raise the interesting possibility of developing therapeutic, MR-based diets that produce the beneficial effects of FGF21 by nutritionally modulating its transcription and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura A Forney
- Department of Kinesiology, Houston Baptist University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hession LE, Sabnis GS, Churchill GA, Kumar V. A machine-vision-based frailty index for mice. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:756-766. [PMID: 37091193 PMCID: PMC10117690 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in biological aging manifests itself in health status and mortality. Frailty indices (FIs) capture health status in humans and model organisms. To accelerate our understanding of biological aging and carry out scalable interventional studies, high-throughput approaches are necessary. Here we introduce a machine-learning-based visual FI for mice that operates on video data from an open-field assay. We use machine vision to extract morphometric, gait and other behavioral features that correlate with FI score and age. We use these features to train a regression model that accurately predicts the normalized FI score within 0.04 ± 0.002 (mean absolute error). Unnormalized, this error is 1.08 ± 0.05, which is comparable to one FI item being mis-scored by 1 point or two FI items mis-scored by 0.5 points. This visual FI provides increased reproducibility and scalability that will enable large-scale mechanistic and interventional studies of aging in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leinani E. Hession
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Leinani E. Hession, Gautam S. Sabnis
| | - Gautam S. Sabnis
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Leinani E. Hession, Gautam S. Sabnis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Choumessi AT, Saha BUF, Navti LK, Tibi AS, Njeck AT, Nantia EA. Assessment of visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product index as markers of chronic kidney disease among diabetic and hypertensive patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:228. [PMID: 36845245 PMCID: PMC9949295 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.228.33499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction very limited studies have emphasized the importance of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product index (LAPI) in the prevention and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) especially in diabetic and hypertension patients in developing countries including Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing whether VAI and LAPI are markers of CKD among diabetic and hypertensive patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Methods this analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Bamenda Regional Hospital and involved 200 diabetic and/or hypertensive patients, including 77 males and 123 females. The participant´s anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, VAI, LAPI, and glomerular filtration rate were investigated. A structured questionnaire was used to assess some risk factors of CKD and participant lifestyle. Results the overweight (41%) and obesity (34%) statuses were prevalent in the population. A considerable proportion of subjects had elevated total cholesterol (46%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (37.50%), triglycerides (24.5%), urea (40.5%) and creatinine (53.5%) levels. Stage 1 to 3 CKD was largely present in the elderly (>54-year-old) affecting the majority of patients (57.5%). Low education level and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with the prevalence of CKD (p < 0.001). On the contrary to creatinine (unadjusted OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.62), urea (unadjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), HDL (unadjusted OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78-0.97), total cholesterol/HDL ratio (unadjusted OR = 1.38; 95% CI; 1.12-1.71), VAI (unadjusted OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05-1.22) and LAPI (unadjusted OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00-1.00) were significantly associated with CKD status of the patients while HDL was negatively associated (unadjusted OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78-0.97). The 9.905 and 5679 cut-offs of VAI and LAPI respectively for CKD discrimination obtained high sensitivity (75.0%) and specificity (≥79.6%). Conclusion visceral adiposity index and LAPI were associated with CKD among diabetic and hypertensive patients. Visceral adiposity index and LAPI could be user-friendly tools for the early diagnosis of CKD among these categories of patients in Cameroon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lifoter Kenneth Navti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Ateh Sheron Tibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Anweck Thecla Njeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Edouard Akono Nantia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon,Corresponding author: Edouard Akono Nantia, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prognostically Distinct Phenotypes of Metabolic Health Beyond Obesity in Aortic Stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2022; 178:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Accumulation of γδ T cells in visceral fat with aging promotes chronic inflammation. GeroScience 2022; 44:1761-1778. [PMID: 35477832 PMCID: PMC9213615 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders in aging. While much attention has been given to the role of resident adipose tissue immune cells in the disruption of homeostasis in obesity, age-specific effects remain understudied. Here, we identified and characterized a population of γδ T cells, which show unique age-dependent accumulation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of both mice and humans. Diet-induced obesity likewise increased γδ T cell numbers; however, the effect was greater in the aged where the increase was independent of fat mass. γδ T cells in VAT express a tissue-resident memory T cell phenotype (CD44hiCD62LlowCD69+) and are predominantly IL-17A-producing cells. Transcriptome analyses of immunomagnetically purified γδ T cells identified significant age-associated differences in expression of genes related to inflammation, immune cell composition, and adipocyte differentiation, suggesting age-dependent qualitative changes in addition to the quantitative increase. Genetic deficiency of γδ T cells in old age improved the metabolic phenotype, characterized by increased respiratory exchange ratio, and lowered levels of IL-6 both systemically and locally in VAT. Decreased IL-6 was predominantly due to reduced production by non-immune stromal cells, primarily preadipocytes, and adipose-derived stem cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that an age-dependent increase of tissue-resident γδ T cells in VAT contributes to local and systemic chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in aging.
Collapse
|
23
|
Camell CD. Adipose tissue microenvironments during aging: Effects on stimulated lipolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159118. [PMID: 35131468 PMCID: PMC8986088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical organ for nutrient sensing, energy storage and maintaining metabolic health. The failure of adipose tissue homeostasis leads to metabolic disease that is seen during obesity or aging. Local metabolic processes are coordinated by interacting microenvironments that make up the complexity and heterogeneity of the adipose tissue. Catecholamine-induced lipolysis, a critical pathway in adipocytes that drives the release of stored triglyceride as free fatty acid after stimulation, is impaired during aging. The impairment of this pathway is associated with a failure to maintain a healthy body weight, core body-temperature during cold stress or mount an immune response. Along with impairments in aged adipocytes, aging is associated with an accumulation of inflammation, immune cell activation, and increased dysfunction in the nervous and lymphatic systems within the adipose tissue. Together these microenvironments support the initiation of stimulated lipolysis and the transport of free fatty acid under conditions of metabolic homeostasis. However, during aging, the defects in these cellular systems result in a reduction in ability to stimulate lipolysis. This review will focus on how the immune, nervous and lymphatic systems interact during tissue homeostasis, review areas that are impaired with aging and discuss areas of research that are currently unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Camell
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Naphatthalung J, Chairuk P, Yorsin S, Kanokwiroon K, Radenahmad N, Jansakul C. Decreased body-fat accumulation and increased vasorelaxation to glyceryl trinitrate in middle-aged male rats following six-weeks consumption of coconut milk protein. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
25
|
Lim J, Kim KW, Ko Y, Jang IY, Lee YS, Chung YH, Lee HC, Lim YS, Kim KM, Shim JH, Choi J, Lee D. The role of muscle depletion and visceral adiposity in HCC patients aged 65 and over undergoing TACE. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1164. [PMID: 34715813 PMCID: PMC8557070 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing among the elderly populations. Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE), a widely used first-line non-curative therapy for HCCs is an issue in geriatrics. We investigated the prognosis of elderly HCC patients treated with TACE and determined the factors that affect the overall survival. Methods We included 266 patients who were older than 65 years and had received TACE as initial treatment for HCC. We analyzed the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) around the third lumbar vertebrae using computed tomography scans. Muscle depletion with visceral adiposity (MDVA) was defined by falling below the median SMI and above the median VSR value sex-specifically. We evaluated the overall survival in association with MDVA and other clinical factors. Results The mean age was 69.9 ± 4.5 years, and 70.3% of the patients were men. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, 29, 136, and 101 patients were classified as BCLC 0, A, and B stages, respectively, and 79 (29.7%) had MDVA. During the median follow-up of 4.1 years, patients with MDVA had a shorter life expectancy than those without MDVA (P = 0.007) even though MDVA group had a higher objective response rate after the first TACE (82.3% vs. 75.9%, P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that MDVA (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.515) age (HR 1.057), liver function (HR 1.078), tumor size (HR 1.083), serum albumin level (HR 0.523), platelet count (HR 0.996), tumor stage (stage A, HR 1.711; stage B, HR 2.003), and treatment response after the first TACE treatment (HR 0.680) were associated with overall survival. Conclusions MDVA is a critical prognostic factor for predicting survival in the elderly patients with HCC who have undergone TACE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08905-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousun Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoarthritis, cancer, cardiovascular and renal diseases. The onset of obesity is linked to an increase of senescent cells within adipose tissue and other organs. Cellular senescence is a stress response that has been shown to be causally linked to aging and development of various age-related diseases such as obesity. The senescence-associated-secretory phenotype of senescent cells creates a chronic inflammatory milieu that leads to local and systemic dysfunction. The elimination of senescent cells using pharmacological approaches (i.e., senolytics) has been shown to delay, prevent, or alleviate obesity-related organ dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selim Chaib
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The Critical Role of Oxidative Stress in Sarcopenic Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4493817. [PMID: 34676021 PMCID: PMC8526202 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4493817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of obesity and sarcopenia that primarily develops in older people. Patients with SO have high fat mass, low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical function. SO relates to metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of morbimortality. The prevalence of SO varies because of lacking consensus criteria regarding its definition and the methodological difficulty in diagnosing sarcopenia and obesity. SO includes systemic alterations such as insulin resistance, increased proinflammatory cytokines, age-associated hormonal changes, and decreased physical activity at pathophysiological levels. Interestingly, these alterations are influenced by oxidative stress, which is a critical factor in altering muscle function and the generation of metabolic dysfunctions. Thus, oxidative stress in SO alters muscle mass, the signaling pathways that control it, satellite cell functions, and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum activities. Considering this background, our objectives in this review are to describe SO as a highly prevalent condition and look at the role of oxidative stress in SO pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
28
|
Guerson-Gil A, Palaiodimos L, Assa A, Karamanis D, Kokkinidis D, Chamorro-Pareja N, Kishore P, Leider JM, Brandt LJ. Sex-specific impact of severe obesity in the outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a large retrospective study from the Bronx, New York. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1963-1974. [PMID: 33956286 PMCID: PMC8101338 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that obesity is an independent risk factor for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Our objectives were to investigate which classes of obesity are associated with higher in-hospital mortality and to assess the association between obesity and systemic inflammation. This was a retrospective study which included consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary center. Three thousand five hundred thirty patients were included in this analysis (female sex: 1579, median age: 65 years). The median body mass index (BMI) was 28.8 kg/m2. In the overall cohort, a J-shaped association between BMI and in-hospital mortality was depicted. In the subgroup of men, BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2 and BMI ≥40 kg/m2 were found to have significant association with higher in-hospital mortality, while only BMI ≥40 kg/m2 was found significant in the subgroup of women. No significant association between BMI and IL-6 was noted. Obesity classes II and III in men and obesity class III in women were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. The male population with severe obesity was the one that mainly drove this association. No significant association between BMI and IL-6 was noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arcelia Guerson-Gil
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Leonidas Palaiodimos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Assa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Damianos Kokkinidis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Chamorro-Pareja
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Preeti Kishore
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Leider
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Brandt
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.,Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li N, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Gliniak CM, Vishvanath L, An YA, Wang MY, Deng Y, Zhu Q, Shan B, Sherwood A, Onodera T, Oz OK, Gordillo R, Gupta RK, Liu M, Horvath TL, Dixit VD, Scherer PE. Adiponectin preserves metabolic fitness during aging. eLife 2021; 10:65108. [PMID: 33904399 PMCID: PMC8099426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is essential for the regulation of tissue substrate utilization and systemic insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies have suggested a positive association of circulating adiponectin with healthspan and lifespan. However, the direct effects of adiponectin on promoting healthspan and lifespan remain unexplored. Here, we are using an adiponectin null mouse and a transgenic adiponectin overexpression model. We directly assessed the effects of circulating adiponectin on the aging process and found that adiponectin null mice display exacerbated age-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Moreover, adiponectin null mice have a significantly shortened lifespan on both chow and high-fat diet. In contrast, a transgenic mouse model with elevated circulating adiponectin levels has a dramatically improved systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced age-related tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and a prolonged healthspan and median lifespan. These results support a role of adiponectin as an essential regulator for healthspan and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Amber Sherwood
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Orhan K Oz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bagheri P, Khalili D, Seif M, Rezaianzadeh A. Dynamic behavior of metabolic syndrome progression: a comprehensive systematic review on recent discoveries. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33752643 PMCID: PMC7986266 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of the natural history of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has an important role in clarifying the pathways of this disorder. OBJECTIVE This study purposed to provide a rational statistical view of MetS progression pathway. METHODS We performed a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA Statement until September 2019 in the Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. From the 68 found studies, 12 studies were eligible for review finally. RESULTS The selected studies were divided in 2 groups with Markovian and non-Markovian approach. With the Markov approach, the most important trigger for the MetS chain was dyslipidemia with overweight/obesity in the under-50 and with hypertension in the over-50 age group, where overweight/obesity was more important in women and hypertension in men. In non-Markov approach, the most common trigger was hypertension. Transition probability (TP) from no component to MetS were higher in all Markovian studies in men than in women. In the Markovians the combination of dyslipidemia with overweight/obesity and in non-Markovians, hyperglycemia with overweight/obesity were the most common combinations. Finally, the most important components, which predict the MetS, were 2-component states and hyperglycemia in Markovian approach and overweight/obesity in non-Markovians. CONCLUSIONS Among the components of the MetS, dyslipidemia and hypertension seems to be the main developer components in natural history of the MetS. Also, in this chain, the most likely combination over time that determines the future status of people seems to be the combination of dyslipidemia with obesity or hyperglycemia. However, more research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Bagheri
- Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Franczyk MP, He M, Yoshino J. Removal of Epididymal Visceral Adipose Tissue Prevents Obesity-Induced Multi-organ Insulin Resistance in Male Mice. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab024. [PMID: 33869980 PMCID: PMC8041347 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The major purpose of this study was to test hypothesize that prophylactic removal of epididymal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) prevents obesity-induced multi-organ (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) insulin resistance. Accordingly, we surgically removed epididymal VAT pads from adult C57BL/6J mice and evaluated in vivo and cellular metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism following chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We found that VAT removal decreases HFD-induced body weight gain while increasing subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass. Strikingly, VAT removal prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and markedly enhances insulin-stimulated AKT-phosphorylation at serine-473 (Ser473) and threonine-308 (Thr308) sites in SAT, liver, and skeletal muscle. VAT removal leads to decreases in plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic triglyceride (TG) content. In addition, VAT removal increases circulating adiponectin, a key insulin-sensitizing adipokine, whereas it decreases circulating interleukin 6, a pro-inflammatory adipokine. Consistent with these findings, VAT removal increases adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase C phosphorylation, a major downstream target of adiponectin signaling. Data obtained from RNA sequencing suggest that VAT removal prevents obesity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in liver and SAT, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight the metabolic benefits and possible action mechanisms of prophylactic VAT removal on obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. Our results also provide important insight into understanding the extraordinary capability of adipose tissue to influence whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism as an active endocrine organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Franczyk
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mai He
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological function leading to increase in the vulnerability to death. This deterioration process occurs in all living organisms and is the primary risk factor for pathological conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Most of the age-related diseases have been associated with impairment of action of an important hormone, namely insulin. It is well-known that this hormone is a critical mediator of metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation. Insulin action depends on two processes that determine its circulating levels, insulin secretion and clearance, and insulin sensitivity in its target tissues. Aging has deleterious effects on these three mechanisms, impairing insulin action, thereby increasing the risk for diseases and death. Thus, improving insulin action may be an important strategy to have a healthier and longer life.
Collapse
|
33
|
Silva RFD, Iwamoto JM, Filho DMP, Monteiro HL, Villar R, Zago AS. A cross-sectional analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in older females: association between body fat distribution and physical fitness. J Women Aging 2021; 34:181-193. [PMID: 33522451 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1877098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether body fat distribution and physical fitness would be associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in post-menopausal females. Android fat distribution were more likely to have altered total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glycemic levels (GL) body fat percentage (%BF), and body mass index (BMI), and those with inadequate physical fitness showed clear alterations in TC, HDL-C, and TG. Gynoid fat distribution group fared better regarding CVD risk. In conclusion, adequate physical fitness demonstrates a protective factor against CVDs, with the greatest benefit to those with gynoid fat distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fernanda Da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-, UNESP, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marques Iwamoto
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-, UNESP, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Luiz Monteiro
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-, UNESP, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villar
- Cardiorespiratory & Physiology of Exercise Research Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anderson Saranz Zago
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-, UNESP, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Is Adipose Tissue the Fountain of Youth? The Impact of Adipose Stem Cell Aging on Metabolic Homeostasis, Longevity, and Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:225-250. [PMID: 33725357 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is driven by four interlinked processes: (1) low-grade sterile inflammation; (2) macromolecular and organelle dysfunction, including DNA damage, telomere erosion, and mitochondrial dysfunction; (3) stem cell dysfunction; and (4) an accumulation of senescent cells in tissues. Adipose tissue is not immune to the effects of time, and all four of these processes contribute to a decline of adipose tissue function with advanced age. This decline is associated with an increase in metabolic disorders. Conversely, optimally functioning adipose tissue generates signals that promote longevity. As tissue-resident progenitor cells that actively participate in adipose tissue homeostasis and dysregulation, adipose stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as a key feature in the relationship between age and adipose tissue function. This review will give a mechanistic overview of the myriad ways in which age affects ASC function and, conversely, how ASC function contribute to healthspan and lifespan. A central mediator in this relationship is the degree of resilience of ASCs to maintain stemness into advanced age and the consequent preservation of adipose tissue function, in particular subcutaneous fat. The last sections of this review will discuss therapeutic options that target senescent ASCs to extend healthspan and lifespan, as well as ASC-based therapies that can be used to treat age-related pathologies, and collectively, these therapeutic applications may transform the way we age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Parow, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kshirsagar V, Thingore C, Juvekar A. Insulin resistance: a connecting link between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:67-83. [PMID: 32986168 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked with insulin resistance, as seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin signaling is impaired in AD brains due to insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD and T2DM are connected at molecular, clinical, and epidemiological levels making it imperative to understand the contribution of T2DM, and other metabolic disorders, to AD pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed various modalities involved in the pathogenesis of these two diseases and explained the contributing parameters. Insulin is vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis and it plays an important role in regulating inflammation. Here, we have discussed the roles of various contributing factors like miRNA, leptin hormone, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and gangliosides in insulin impairment both in AD and T2DM. Understanding these mechanisms will be a big step forward for making molecular therapies that may help maintain or prevent both AD and T2DM, thus reducing the burden of both these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viplav Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chetan Thingore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Archana Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
La Russa D, Marrone A, Mandalà M, Macirella R, Pellegrino D. Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Caloric Restriction in an Aged and Obese Rat Model: The Role of Adiponectin. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120532. [PMID: 33255520 PMCID: PMC7761007 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) represents a powerful intervention for extending healthspan and lifespan in several animal models, from yeast to primates. Additionally, in humans, CR has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health. In this study, we evaluated in an aged and obese rat model the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (−40%) on the oxidative/inflammatory balance in order to investigate the underlining mechanisms. In plasma, we analyzed the oxidative balance by photometric tests and the adiponectin/tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) levels by Western blot analysis. In the white adipose tissue, we examined the protein levels of AdipoR1, pAMPK, NFκB, NRF-2, and glutathione S-tranferase P1 by Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction significantly improves the plasmatic oxidative/inflammatory balance in parallel with a major increase in circulating adiponectin levels. Additionally, at the level of adipose tissue, we found a positive modulation of both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. These adaptations, induced by caloric restriction, with the achievement of normal weight, suggest that inflammatory and redox imbalance in obese aged rats appear to be more linked to obesity than to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.L.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.R.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cao J, Zhang L, Li J, Sun L, Liu S, Zhang J, Zhao H. Pubertal maturation and weight status are associated with dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Northwest China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16344. [PMID: 33004971 PMCID: PMC7530767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Ningxia, China to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage. A total of 1783 students were selected from middle schools and high schools in September 2014 using stratified random cluster sampling. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using MOL-300 automatic biochemical analyzer with associated kits. The prevalence of adolescents with one abnormal serum lipid component was 43.2% and was significantly different across three pubertal stages (p < 0.0001). The abnormal rates of HDL-C and TG increased as the students maturated through the early, middle, and late stages of puberty (all p < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained when separate analyses were performed for boys and girls. In linear regression analysis, BMI was positively associated with serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG, but inversely associated with serum levels of HDL-C after the adjustment for age, sex, and race. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of developing high TC, while pubertal maturation was associated with an elevated risk of experiencing low HDL-C and high TG (all p < 0.05). In conclusions, dyslipidemia is common in an adolescent population of Northwest China and its prevalence rates substantially vary with weight status and pubertal stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lijiao Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shanghong Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG5118, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen L, Chen H, Liu X, Li J, Gao Q, Shi S, Wang T, Ye X, Lu Y, Zhang D, Sheng J, Jin L, Huang H. AQP7 mediates post-menopausal lipogenesis in adipocytes through FSH-induced transcriptional crosstalk with AP-1 sites. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:1122-1132. [PMID: 33132060 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Fat accumulation is present in most post-menopausal women, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) is the most important glycerol channel facilitating glycerol efflux in adipocytes. High circulating FSH in post-menopausal women may play an independent role in regulation of the lipogenic effect of AQP7 in adipocytes. This study explored the role of AQP7 in the pathophysiology of post-menopausal lipogenesis mediated by high concentrations of circulating FSH. DESIGN Primary adipocytes from post-menopausal and childbearing women were analysed. An in-vivo post-menopausal animal model was established. AQP7 expression, lipid accumulation and glycerol concentration in adipocytes were measured. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to identify transcriptional crosstalk in AQP7 promoter. RESULTS It was found that FSH down-regulated AQP7 expression and glycerol efflux function in mature adipocytes of post-menopausal women and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro, FSH inhibited lipid accumulation in primary cultured mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and the mechanism was down-regulating AQP7 expression via a FSH receptor pathway. The effect of FSH on AQP7 in adipocytes was through activation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, which could bind to activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites in the AQP7 promoter, and therefore inhibited the transcriptional activation elicited by c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of AQP7 by FSH mediated post-menopausal lipogenesis, and the role of FSH was based on binding competition for AP-1 sites between CREB and c-Jun.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luting Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China
| | - Huixi Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Jin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mori MA. Aging: a New Perspective on an Old Issue. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200437. [PMID: 32638871 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is undergoing a profound demographic change with a rapid increase in the prevalence of aged individuals. The finitude of life, the burden of senescence and the search for strategies to prolong human life span have troubled humanity since ancient times. However, only in the past few decades we started to understand how organisms age and how life span can be manipulated. Here I give an historical perspective of the aging field and conclude with the notion that aging is controlled by signals from the adipose tissue which are tightly controlled by small non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Mori
- Laboratory of Aging Biology (LaBE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Marzullo P, Di Renzo L, Pugliese G, De Siena M, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. From obesity through gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases: a dangerous journey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:35-49. [PMID: 32714511 PMCID: PMC7371682 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-existence of humans and gut microbiota started millions of years ago. Until now, a balance gradually developed between gut bacteria and their hosts. It is now recognized that gut microbiota are key to form adequate immune and metabolic functions and, more in general, for the maintenance of good health. Gut microbiota are established before birth under the influence of maternal nutrition and metabolic status, which can impact the future metabolic risk of the offspring in terms of obesity, diabetes, and cardiometabolic disorders during the lifespan. Obesity and diabetes are prone to disrupt the gut microbiota and alter the gut barrier permeability, leading to metabolic endotoxaemia with its detrimental consequences on health. Specific bacterial sequences are now viewed as peculiar signatures of the metabolic syndrome across life stages in each individual, and are linked to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) via metabolic products (metabolites) and immune modulation. These mechanisms have been linked, in association with abnormalities in microbial richness and diversity, to an increased risk of developing arterial hypertension, systemic inflammation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Emerging strategies for the manipulation of intestinal microbiota represent a promising therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVD especially in individuals prone to CV events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28923 Piancavallo, Verbania Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina De Siena
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28923 Piancavallo, Verbania Italy
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Malloy VL. Age-at-onset-dependent effects of sulfur amino acid restriction on markers of growth and stress in male F344 rats. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13177. [PMID: 32573078 PMCID: PMC7426777 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs in life-history traits are clinically and mechanistically important. Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) extends lifespan. But whether this benefit comes at the cost of other traits including stress resistance and growth is unclear. We investigated the effects of SAAR on growth markers (body weight, IGF1, and IGFBP3) and physiological stresses. Male-F344 rats were fed control (0.86% Met) and SAAR (0.17% Met) diets starting at 2, 10, and 20 months. Rats were injected with keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin (KLH) to measure immune responses (anti-KLH-IgM, anti-KLH-IgG, and delayed-type-hypersensitivity [DTH]). Markers of ER stress (FGF21 and adiponectin), detoxification capacity (glutathione [GSH] concentrations, GSH-S-transferase [GST], and cytochrome-P450 -reductase [CPR] activities), and low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) were also determined. SAAR decreased body weight, liver weight, food intake, plasma IGF1, and IGFBP3; the effect size diminished with increasing age-at-onset. SAAR increased FGF21 and adiponectin, but stress damage markers GRP78 and Xbp1s/us were unchanged, suggesting that ER stress is hormetic. SAAR increased hepatic GST activity despite lower GSH, but CPR activity was unchanged, indicative of enhanced detoxification capacity. Other stress markers were either uncompromised (CRP, anti-KLH-IgM, and DTH) or slightly lower (anti-KLH-IgG). Increases in stress markers were similar across all ages-at-onset, except for adiponectin, which peaked at 2 months. Overall, SAAR did not compromise stress responses and resulted in maximal benefits with young-onset. In survival studies, median lifespan extension with initiation at 52 weeks was 7 weeks (p = .05); less than the 33.5-week extension observed in our previous study with 7-week initiation. Findings support SAAR translational studies and the need to optimize Met dose based on age-at-onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwight A. L. Mattocks
- Animal Science Laboratory Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science NY USA
| | - Virginia L Malloy
- Animal Science Laboratory Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peña E, Powell TR, Arenas C, Cardoner N, Rebasa P, Luna A, Caixàs A, Rosa A. Longitudinal changes in telomere length in a cohort of obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery: a 2-year follow-up. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1794-1801. [PMID: 32741725 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length (TL) is one biomarker of cell aging used to explore the effects of the environment on age-related pathologies. Obesity and high body mass index have been identified as a risk factors for shortened TL. OBJECTIVE To evaluate TL in different subtypes of obese patients, and to examine changes in TL in relation to weight loss after bariatric surgery. SETTING University Hospital in Spain. METHODS A cohort of 94 patients submitted to bariatric surgery were followed-up during 24 months (t24m: lost to follow-up = 0%). All patients were evaluated before surgery (t0) and during the postoperative period (t6m, t12m, and t24m) for body mass index and metabolic variables. We assessed TL at each timepoint using quantitative polymerase chain reactions and the telomere sequence to single-copy gene sequence ratio method. RESULTS Patients with class III obesity showed significantly shorter TL at baseline than those patients with class II obesity (P = .027). No differences in TL were found between patients with or without type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Longitudinal analysis did not show an effect of time, type of surgery, age, or sex on TL. However, a generalized estimating equation model showed that TL was shorter amongst class III obesity patients across the time course (P = .008). Comparison between patients with obesity class II and class III showed differences in TL at t6m (adjusted P = .024), whereby class II patients had longer TL. However, no difference was observed at the other evaluated times. CONCLUSION Obesity severity may have negative effects on TL independently of type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Although TL is significantly longer in class II obesity patients relative to class III 6 months after bariatric surgery. This difference is not apparent after 24 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elionora Peña
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy R Powell
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Concepción Arenas
- Secció d'Estadística, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Depression and anxiety program, Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Rebasa
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Surgery Department, Esofago-gastric Surgery Section, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Alexis Luna
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Surgery Department, Esofago-gastric Surgery Section, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Assumpta Caixàs
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Medicine Department Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gender-Specific Body Composition Relationships between Adipose Tissue Distribution and Peak Bone Mineral Density in Young Chinese Adults. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6724749. [PMID: 32337266 PMCID: PMC7152964 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6724749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationships between adipose tissue distribution and peak bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the body composition associations between fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), regional adipose tissue distribution, and peak BMD across a cohort of young Chinese adults. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed on 786 men and 825 women aged from 20 to 40 years old to measure the markers for whole-body LM, FM, and BMD in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) areas. The android/gynoid FM ratio (A/G FMR) based on the DXA scans was calculated as an indicator of adipose tissue distribution. Pearson's correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the body composition relationships between adipose tissue distribution and BMD of each skeletal site. Results The body composition characteristics were different in young males and females: a higher body FM percentage was found in females, while males had higher LM and A/G FMR. The markers for WBLM and WBFM had significant positive correlations with BMD among the linear regression analyses in both genders, while the relationships between A/G FMR and BMD were different in males and females; significant inverse associations were showed in all skeletal sites for women (standard β ranged from -0.266 to -0.170, P < 0.001 for all), but no significant relationships were found in men except for an inverse association in the LS skeletal site (standard β with -0.115, P = 0.016). Conclusions In this sample of young Chinese adults, both whole-body lean mass and fat mass had significant positive relationships with BMD in both genders. The A/G FMR, as an indicator of central adipose tissue distribution, was inversely associated with BMD, especially in females.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sun L, Li FH, Li T, Min Z, Yang LD, Gao HE, Wu DS, Xie T. Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:245-258. [PMID: 32006095 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) to improve metabolic health in older individuals. However, differences in adipose tissue metabolism between these two approaches are unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of HIIT and MICT on metabolic phenotypes in aged rats. HIIT significantly decreased fat mass, increased percent lean mass, decreased fat-to-lean ratio, reduced serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, increased serum interleukin-10 levels, and decreased perirenal adipose tissue leptin compared with rats in the sedentary (SED) group. HIIT also increased pregnenolone, cortisol, and corticosterone in both adipose tissue and serum. Both exercise modalities enhanced hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase expression compared with the SED group and decreased palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecadienoic acid, urea, 1-heptadecanol, and α-tocopherol. MICT was related to glycerolipid metabolism, whereas HIIT was related to steroid hormone biosynthesis. Overall, HIIT showed more favorable regulation of anti-inflammatory activity than MICT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Min
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-En Gao
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Shuai Wu
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mazzoli A, Spagnuolo MS, Gatto C, Nazzaro M, Cancelliere R, Crescenzo R, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolic Responses to Western Diet-Is There a Similarity between the Two? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030786. [PMID: 31991770 PMCID: PMC7036881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats and sugars were identified as risk factors for overweight and neurodegeneration, especially in middle-age, an earlier stage of the aging process. Therefore, our aim was to study the metabolic response of both white adipose tissue and brain in middle aged rats fed a typical Western diet (high in saturated fats and fructose, HFF) and verify whether a similarity exists between the two tissues. Specific cyto/adipokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin), critical obesity-inflammatory markers (haptoglobin, lipocalin), and insulin signaling or survival protein network (insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS), Akt, Erk) were quantified in epididymal white adipose tissue (e-WAT), hippocampus, and frontal cortex. We found a significant increase of TNF-α in both e-WAT and hippocampus of HFF rats, while the expression of haptoglobin and lipocalin was differently affected in the various tissues. Interestingly, adiponectin amount was found significantly reduced in e-WAT, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of HFF rats. Insulin signaling was impaired by HFF diet in e-WAT but not in brain. The above changes were associated with the decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptotagmin I and the increase in post-synaptic protein PSD-95 in HFF rats. Overall, our investigation supports for the first time similarities in the response of adipose tissue and brain to Western diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council Naples (CNR-ISPAAM), 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Martina Nazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (C.G.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shou J, Chen PJ, Xiao WH. Mechanism of increased risk of insulin resistance in aging skeletal muscle. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:14. [PMID: 32082422 PMCID: PMC7014712 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-0523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As age increases, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases, which is associated with senile skeletal muscle dysfunction. During skeletal muscle aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, intramyocellular lipid accumulation, increased inflammation, oxidative stress, modified activity of insulin sensitivity regulatory enzymes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, decreased autophagy, sarcopenia and over-activated renin-angiotensin system may occur. These changes can impair skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes during skeletal muscle aging. This review of the mechanism of the increased risk of insulin resistance during skeletal muscle aging will provide a more comprehensive explanation for the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes in elderly individuals, and will also provide a more comprehensive perspective for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in elderly populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 200 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 200 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wei-Hua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 200 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance of sedentary children and adolescents with or without intellectual disability in the Democratic Republic of Congo. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.623377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
48
|
Bofosa T, Miangindula B, Kam E, Nkiama C, Bumoko G. Conséquences de l’absence d’un programme en activités physiques adaptées sur la condition physique d’enfants et adolescents sédentaires avec déficience intellectuelle. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Guerra BA, Brandão BB, Pinto SS, Salgueiro WG, De-Souza EA, Reis FCG, Batista TM, Cavalcante-Silva V, D'Almeida V, Castilho BA, Carneiro EM, Antebi A, Festuccia WT, Mori MA. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction upregulates DICER to confer beneficial effects. Mol Metab 2019; 29:124-135. [PMID: 31668384 PMCID: PMC6745493 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dietary restriction (DR) improves health and prolongs lifespan in part by upregulating type III endoribonuclease DICER in adipose tissue. In this study, we aimed to specifically test which missing dietary component was responsible for DICER upregulation. Methods We performed a nutrient screen in mouse preadipocytes and validated the results in vivo using different kinds of dietary interventions in wild type or genetically modified mice and worms, also testing the requirement of DICER on the effects of the diets. Results We found that sulfur amino acid restriction (i.e., methionine or cysteine) is sufficient to increase Dicer mRNA expression in preadipocytes. Consistently, while DR increases DICER expression in adipose tissue of mice, this effect is blunted by supplementation of the diet with methionine, cysteine, or casein, but not with a lipid or carbohydrate source. Accordingly, dietary methionine or protein restriction mirrors the effects of DR. These changes are associated with alterations in serum adiponectin. We also found that DICER controls and is controlled by adiponectin. In mice, DICER plays a role in methionine restriction-induced upregulation of Ucp1 in adipose tissue. In C. elegans, DR and a model of methionine restriction also promote DICER expression in the intestine (an analog of the adipose tissue) and prolong lifespan in a DICER-dependent manner. Conclusions We propose an evolutionary conserved mechanism in which dietary sulfur amino acid restriction upregulates DICER levels in adipose tissue leading to beneficial health effects. DICER is upregulated in adipose tissue by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction. Adiponectin and DICER co-regulate each other in adipocytes. Methionine restriction requires DICER to promote adipose tissue browning. DICER is upregulated in Caenorhabditis elegans intestine upon dietary restriction. Methionine restriction requires DICER to prolong lifespan in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Guerra
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Program in Molecular Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Brandão
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Program in Molecular Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silas S Pinto
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Program in Molecular Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Willian G Salgueiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Evandro A De-Souza
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Program in Molecular Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C G Reis
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Department of Structure and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalcante-Silva
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Castilho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Department of Structure and Functional Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, and CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Program in Molecular Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Safety assessment of the ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth. leaves: a 90-day oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31253153 PMCID: PMC6599297 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth. have long been recognized traditionally as a remedy for a variety of ailments in Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of the ethanolic extract of G. latifolium (GLES) leaves through a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in male and female of Sprague Dawley rats. Methods GLES was orally administered at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day consecutively for 90 days. Results No behavioral or physiological changes and mortality were observed. GLES did not have a marked impact on general hematological parameters and did not precipitate nephrotoxicity. However, compared to the control, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were lower and white adipose tissue paired retroperitoneal fat depots were depleted in male rats treated with GLES3 by the end of the experiment. The liver was significantly enlarged in GLES-treated rats of both sexes. Negative gender-specific alterations were observed with the highest dose. Adverse risk was evident in the female rats mainly due to marked body weight gain and cerebrum weight reduction. Conclusion Further research is needed to reach more specific conclusions about to the safety of ingesting high doses of GLES for long periods of time.
Collapse
|