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Cheng IS, Tsao JP, Bernard JR, Tsai TW, Chang CC, Liao SF. Oral post-exercise garlic extract supplementation enhances glycogen replenishment but does not up-regulate mitochondria biogenesis mRNA expression in human-exercised skeletal muscle. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2336095. [PMID: 38576169 PMCID: PMC11000618 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2336095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Garlic extract (GA) is purported to enhance antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and glucose regulation in humans. The present study investigated the effects of post-exercise GA supplementation on GLUT4 expression, glycogen replenishment, and the transcript factors involved with mitochondrial biosynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. METHODS The single-blinded crossover counterbalanced study was completed by 12 participants. Participants were randomly divided into either GA (2000 mg of GA) or placebo trials immediately after completing a single bout of cycling exercise at 75% Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 60 minutes. Participants consumed either GA (2000 mg) or placebo capsules with a high glycemic index carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/body weight) immediately after exercise. Muscle samples were collected at 0-h and 3-h post-exercise. Muscle samples were used to measure glycogen levels, GLUT4 protein expression, as well as transcription factors for glucose uptake, and mitochondria biogenesis. Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were also analyzed during the post-exercise recovery periods. RESULTS Skeletal muscle glycogen replenishment was significantly elevated during the 3-h recovery period for GA concurrent with no difference in GLUT4 protein expression between the garlic and placebo trials. PGC1-α gene expression was up-regulated for both GA and placebo after exercise (p < 0.05). Transcript factors corresponding to muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis were significantly enhanced under acute garlic supplementation as demonstrated by TFAM and FIS1. However, the gene expression of SIRT1, ERRα, NFR1, NFR2, MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, Beclin-1, DRP1 were not enhanced, nor were there any improvements in GLUT4 expression, following post-exercise garlic supplementation. CONCLUSION Acute post-exercise garlic supplementation may improve the replenishment of muscle glycogen, but this appears to be unrelated to the gene expression for glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shiung Cheng
- National Taichung University of Education, Department of Physical Education, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Piao Tsao
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey R. Bernard
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Promotion,California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, USA
| | - Tsen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Taichung, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- College of HuilanNational Dong Hwa University, Physical Education Center, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Su-Fen Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Marzetti E, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Picca A. Mitochondrial Quantity and Quality in Age-Related Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2052. [PMID: 38396729 PMCID: PMC10889427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a condition with a complex pathophysiology. Among the factors underlying the development of sarcopenia are the progressive demise of motor neurons, the transition from fast to slow myosin isoform (type II to type I fiber switch), and the decrease in satellite cell number and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated as a key contributor to skeletal myocyte decline and loss of physical performance with aging. Several systems have been implicated in the regulation of muscle plasticity and trophism such as the fine-tuned and complex regulation between the stimulator of protein synthesis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the inhibitor of mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), that promotes muscle catabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial signaling and quality with muscle homeostasis and performance and discuss the main pathways elicited by their imbalance during age-related muscle wasting. We also discuss lifestyle interventions (i.e., physical exercise and nutrition) that may be exploited to preserve mitochondrial function in the aged muscle. Finally, we illustrate the emerging possibility of rescuing muscle tissue homeostasis through mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
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Ito Y, Yamagata M, Yamamoto T, Hirasaka K, Nikawa T, Sato T. The reciprocal regulation between mitochondrial-associated membranes and Notch signaling in skeletal muscle atrophy. eLife 2023; 12:RP89381. [PMID: 38099641 PMCID: PMC10723794 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy and the inhibition of muscle regeneration are known to occur as a natural consequence of aging, yet the underlying mechanisms that lead to these processes in atrophic myofibers remain largely unclear. Our research has revealed that the maintenance of proper mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) is vital for preventing skeletal muscle atrophy in microgravity environments. We discovered that the deletion of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin2 (MFN2), which serves as a tether for MAM, in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells or the reduction of MAM in differentiated myotubes caused by microgravity interfered with myogenic differentiation process and an increased susceptibility to muscle atrophy, as well as the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. The atrophic phenotype of differentiated myotubes in microgravity and the regenerative capacity of Mfn2-deficient muscle stem cells in dystrophic mice were both ameliorated by treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT. Our findings demonstrate how the orchestration of mitochondrial morphology in differentiated myotubes and regenerating muscle stem cells plays a crucial role in regulating Notch signaling through the interaction of MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Ito
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Mari Yamagata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP)KyotoJapan
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University Graduate SchoolNagasakiJapan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
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Cleveland KH, Schnellmann RG. Pharmacological Targeting of Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:250-262. [PMID: 36781216 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States and many other countries. DKD occurs through a variety of pathogenic processes that are in part driven by hyperglycemia and glomerular hypertension, leading to gradual loss of kidney function and eventually progressing to ESRD. In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration leads to glomerular and proximal tubular dysfunction. Simultaneously, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stages of hyperglycemia and has been identified as a key event in the development of DKD. Clinical management for DKD relies primarily on blood pressure and glycemic control through the use of numerous therapeutics that slow disease progression. Because mitochondrial function is key for renal health over time, therapeutics that improve mitochondrial function could be of value in different renal diseases. Increasing evidence supports the idea that targeting aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, restores mitochondrial function and improves renal function in DKD. We will review mitochondrial function in DKD and the effects of current and experimental therapeutics on mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in DKD over time. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 20% to 40% of patients with diabetes and has limited treatment options. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key event in the progression of DKD, and pharmacologically restoring mitochondrial function in the early stages of DKD may be a potential therapeutic strategy in preventing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan H Cleveland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (K.H.C., R.G.S.) and Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (K.H.C., R.G.S.) and Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
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Myostatin Knockout Affects Mitochondrial Function by Inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213703. [PMID: 36430183 PMCID: PMC9694677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) is a major negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and initiates multiple metabolic changes. The deletion of the Mstn gene in mice leads to reduced mitochondrial functions. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate myostatin-knockout (Mstn-KO) mice via pronuclear microinjection. Mstn-KO mice exhibited significantly larger skeletal muscles. Meanwhile, Mstn knockout regulated the organ weights of mice. Moreover, we found that Mstn knockout reduced the basal metabolic rate, muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, activities of mitochondrial respiration chain complexes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and thermogenesis. Mechanistically, expressions of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) were down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) acetylation modification increased in the Mstn-KO mice. Skeletal muscle cells from Mstn-KO and WT were treated with AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, respectively. Compared with the wild-type (WT) group, Compound C treatment further down-regulated the expression or activity of pAMPK, SIRT1, citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDHm), and α-ketoglutarate acid dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) in Mstn-KO mice, while Mstn knockout inhibited the AICAR activation effect. Therefore, Mstn knockout affects mitochondrial function by inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. The present study reveals a new mechanism for Mstn knockout in regulating energy homeostasis.
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Insulin and Its Key Role for Mitochondrial Function/Dysfunction and Quality Control: A Shared Link between Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060943. [PMID: 35741464 PMCID: PMC9220302 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin was discovered and isolated from the beta cells of pancreatic islets of dogs and is associated with the regulation of peripheral glucose homeostasis. Insulin produced in the brain is related to synaptic plasticity and memory. Defective insulin signaling plays a role in brain dysfunction, such as neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence suggests a link between metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). This association is due to a common state of insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review takes a journey into the past to summarize what was known about the physiological and pathological role of insulin in peripheral tissues and the brain. Then, it will land in the present to analyze the insulin role on mitochondrial health and the effects on insulin resistance and neurodegenerative diseases that are IR-dependent. Specifically, we will focus our attention on the quality control of mitochondria (MQC), such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy), in healthy and altered cases. Finally, this review will be projected toward the future by examining the most promising treatments that target the mitochondria to cure neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic disorders.
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Latimer LE, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Popat B, Constantin D, Houchen-Wolloff L, Bolton CE, Steiner MC, Greenhaff PL. Whole-body and muscle responses to aerobic exercise training and withdrawal in ageing and COPD. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:13993003.01507-2021. [PMID: 34588196 PMCID: PMC9095946 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01507-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exhibit lower peak oxygen uptake (V'O2 peak), altered muscle metabolism and impaired exercise tolerance compared with age-matched controls. Whether these traits reflect muscle-level deconditioning (impacted by ventilatory constraints) and/or dysfunction in mitochondrial ATP production capacity is debated. By studying aerobic exercise training (AET) at a matched relative intensity and subsequent exercise withdrawal period we aimed to elucidate the whole-body and muscle mitochondrial responsiveness of healthy young (HY), healthy older (HO) and COPD volunteers to whole-body exercise. METHODS HY (n=10), HO (n=10) and COPD (n=20) volunteers were studied before and after 8 weeks of AET (65% V'O2 peak) and after 4 weeks of exercise withdrawal. V'O2 peak, muscle maximal mitochondrial ATP production rate (MAPR), mitochondrial content, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and abundance of 59 targeted fuel metabolism mRNAs were determined at all time-points. RESULTS Muscle MAPR (normalised for mitochondrial content) was not different for any substrate combination in HO, HY and COPD at baseline, but mtDNA copy number relative to a nuclear-encoded housekeeping gene (mean±sd) was greater in HY (804±67) than in HO (631±69; p=0.041). AET increased V'O2 peak in HO (17%; p=0.002) and HY (21%; p<0.001), but not COPD (p=0.603). Muscle MAPR for palmitate increased with training in HO (57%; p=0.041) and HY (56%; p=0.003), and decreased with exercise withdrawal in HO (-45%; p=0.036) and HY (-30%; p=0.016), but was unchanged in COPD (p=0.594). mtDNA copy number increased with AET in HY (66%; p=0.001), but not HO (p=0.081) or COPD (p=0.132). The observed changes in muscle mRNA abundance were similar in all groups after AET and exercise withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS Intrinsic mitochondrial function was not impaired by ageing or COPD in the untrained state. Whole-body and muscle mitochondrial responses to AET were robust in HY, evident in HO, but deficient in COPD. All groups showed robust muscle mRNA responses. Higher relative exercise intensities during whole-body training may be needed to maximise whole-body and muscle mitochondrial adaptation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna E Latimer
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Joint first authorship
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Joint first authorship
| | - Bhavesh Popat
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Despina Constantin
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Linzy Houchen-Wolloff
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael C Steiner
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK .,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Ruan T, Harney D, Koay YC, Loo L, Larance M, Caron L. Anabolic Factors and Myokines Improve Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060963. [PMID: 35326414 PMCID: PMC8946006 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness is linked to many adverse health outcomes. Current research to identify new drugs has often been inconclusive due to lack of adequate cellular models. We previously developed a scalable monolayer system to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into mature skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) within 26 days without cell sorting or genetic manipulation. Here, building on our previous work, we show that differentiation and fusion of myotubes can be further enhanced using the anabolic factors testosterone (T) and follistatin (F) in combination with a cocktail of myokines (C). Importantly, combined TFC treatment significantly enhanced both the hESC-SkMC fusion index and the expression levels of various skeletal muscle markers, including the motor protein myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed oxidative phosphorylation as the most up-regulated pathway, and a significantly higher level of ATP and increased mitochondrial mass were also observed in TFC-treated hESC-SkMCs, suggesting enhanced energy metabolism is coupled with improved muscle differentiation. This cellular model will be a powerful tool for studying in vitro myogenesis and for drug discovery pertaining to further enhancing muscle development or treating muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Ruan
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Dylan Harney
- Larance Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Cardiometabolic Disease Group, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Lipin Loo
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Mark Larance
- Larance Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Leslie Caron
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.R.); (L.L.)
- MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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El-Shetry ES, Mohamed AAR, Khater SI, Metwally MMM, Nassan MA, Shalaby S, A M El-Mandrawy S, Bin Emran T, M Abdel-Ghany H. Synergistically enhanced apoptotic and oxidative DNA damaging pathways in the rat brain with lead and/or aluminum metals toxicity: Expression pattern of genes OGG1 and P53. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126860. [PMID: 34583094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) and aluminum (Al) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are known to induce neurodegenerative disorders. They enhance neuronal changes and may involve glial alterations and other consequences. We intend to evaluate the mechanism through which the long-term exposure to Pb acetate alone or in combination with aluminum-chloride induced neurological impacts in rats. METHODS For this aim, a total number of forty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into four groups. Control (DW), Pb acetate (12.5 mg/kg BW), Al chloride (64 mg/kg BW), and the combination group were experimentally exposed for 60 days. Biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers, transcriptional-mediated changes in the expression pattern of OGG1 and P53 genes by qRT-PCR were applied. Histopathological modifications in the brain tissue with immunohistochemical reactivity of GFAP were also detected. RESULTS Our findings revealed that lipid peroxidation was markedly enhanced but inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity in brain tissue in all exposed groups regarding the control. Pb-acetate elevated the biochemical concentration of dopamine and serotonin while AlCl3 declined their levels in the brain homogenate of rats. Furthermore, the exposure to one or both metals elevated the comet assay indices and serum level of 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine, up-regulated the expression of P53, OGG1 and GFAP immunoreactivity in the central nervous system. Histologically, they caused several brain tissue alterations. CONCLUSION The exposure to Pb and/or Al could be key candidates for neurodegenerative changes in the brain of rats via oxidative, apoptotic, and DNA damaging pathways. Besides, according to our findings, exposure to both Pb acetate and Aluminium chloride have synergistic damaging effects on the central nervous system of rats. Also, they have opposing effects on the secretion of monoamine neurotransmitters DA and 5 H T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Departments of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa Shalaby
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shefaa A M El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Heba M Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Angeles-Valencia M, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-Martínez M, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Esquivel-Chirino C, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Cristóbal-Luna JM, Morales-González JA. Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Adaptation to Exercise: New Perspectives in Nutrition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111269. [PMID: 34833151 PMCID: PMC8624755 DOI: 10.3390/life11111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have the ability to adapt to stressful environments as a part of their evolution. Physical exercise induces an increase of a demand for energy that must be met by mitochondria as the main (ATP) provider. However, this process leads to the increase of free radicals and the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are necessary for the maintenance of cell signaling and homeostasis. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis is influenced by exercise in continuous crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nuclear genome. Excessive workloads may induce severe mitochondrial stress, resulting in oxidative damage. In this regard, the objective of this work was to provide a general overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial adaptation during exercise and to understand if some nutrients such as antioxidants may be implicated in blunt adaptation and/or an impact on the performance of exercise by different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (Á.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14420, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - José Gutiérrez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Medicina Experimental, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Ciudad de México 03229, Mexico;
| | - César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-L.)
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-L.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (Á.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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11
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Singh F, Prescott AR, Rosewell P, Ball G, Reith AD, Ganley IG. Pharmacological rescue of impaired mitophagy in Parkinson's disease-related LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice. eLife 2021; 10:e67604. [PMID: 34340748 PMCID: PMC8331189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, yet the biological mechanisms involved in its aetiology are poorly understood. Evidence links this disorder with mitochondrial dysfunction and/or impaired lysosomal degradation - key features of the autophagy of mitochondria, known as mitophagy. Here, we investigated the role of LRRK2, a protein kinase frequently mutated in PD, in this process in vivo. Using mitophagy and autophagy reporter mice, bearing either knockout of LRRK2 or expressing the pathogenic kinase-activating G2019S LRRK2 mutation, we found that basal mitophagy was specifically altered in clinically relevant cells and tissues. Our data show that basal mitophagy inversely correlates with LRRK2 kinase activity in vivo. In support of this, use of distinct LRRK2 kinase inhibitors in cells increased basal mitophagy, and a CNS penetrant LRRK2 kinase inhibitor, GSK3357679A, rescued the mitophagy defects observed in LRRK2 G2019S mice. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that pathogenic LRRK2 directly impairs basal mitophagy, a process with strong links to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 is a rational mitophagy-rescue approach and potential PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Singh
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Philippa Rosewell
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alastair D Reith
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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12
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Luo N, Yue F, Jia Z, Chen J, Deng Q, Zhao Y, Kuang S. Reduced electron transport chain complex I protein abundance and function in Mfn2-deficient myogenic progenitors lead to oxidative stress and mitochondria swelling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21426. [PMID: 33749882 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial remodeling through fusion and fission is crucial for progenitor cell differentiation but its role in myogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the function of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein critical for mitochondrial fusion, in muscle progenitor cells (myoblasts). Mfn2 expression is upregulated during myoblast differentiation in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Targeted deletion of Mfn2 gene in myoblasts (Mfn2MKO ) increases oxygen-consumption rates (OCR) associated with the maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Skeletal muscles of Mfn2MKO mice exhibit robust mitochondrial swelling with normal mitochondrial DNA content. Additionally, mitochondria isolated from Mfn2MKO muscles have reduced OCR at basal state and for complex I respiration, associated with decreased levels of complex I proteins NDUFB8 (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8) and NDUFS3 (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S3). However, Mfn2MKO has no obvious effects on myoblast differentiation, muscle development and function, and muscle regeneration. These results demonstrate a novel role of Mfn2 in regulating mitochondrial complex I protein abundance and respiratory functions in myogenic progenitors and myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjian Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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13
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Aerobic Exercise Induces Alternative Splicing of Neurexins in Frontal Cortex. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6020048. [PMID: 34072692 PMCID: PMC8261640 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) is known to produce beneficial effects on brain health by improving plasticity, connectivity, and cognitive functions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still limited. Neurexins (Nrxns) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are important in synapsis formation and maturation. In vertebrates, three-neurexin genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3) have been identified, each encoding for α and β neurexins, from two independent promoters. Moreover, each Nrxns gene (1-3) has several alternative exons and produces many splice variants that bind to a large variety of postsynaptic ligands, playing a role in trans-synaptic specification, strength, and plasticity. In this study, we investigated the impact of a continuous progressive (CP) AE program on alternative splicing (AS) of Nrxns on two brain regions: frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus. We showed that exercise promoted Nrxns1-3 AS at splice site 4 (SS4) both in α and β isoforms, inducing a switch from exon-excluded isoforms (SS4-) to exon-included isoforms (SS4+) in FC but not in hippocampus. Additionally, we showed that the same AE program enhanced the expression level of other genes correlated with synaptic function and plasticity only in FC. Altogether, our findings demonstrated the positive effect of CP AE on FC in inducing molecular changes underlying synaptic plasticity and suggested that FC is possibly a more sensitive structure than hippocampus to show molecular changes.
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14
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Singh F, Ganley IG. Parkinson's disease and mitophagy: an emerging role for LRRK2. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:551-562. [PMID: 33769432 PMCID: PMC8106497 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects around 2% of individuals over 60 years old. It is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain, which is thought to account for the major clinical symptoms such as tremor, slowness of movement and muscle stiffness. Its aetiology is poorly understood as the physiological and molecular mechanisms leading to this neuronal loss are currently unclear. However, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction seem to play a central role in this disease. In recent years, defective mitochondrial elimination through autophagy, termed mitophagy, has emerged as a potential contributing factor to disease pathology. PINK1 and Parkin, two proteins mutated in familial PD, were found to eliminate mitochondria under distinct mitochondrial depolarisation-induced stress. However, PINK1 and Parkin are not essential for all types of mitophagy and such pathways occur in most cell types and tissues in vivo, even in the absence of overt mitochondrial stress - so-called basal mitophagy. The most common mutation in PD, that of glycine at position 2019 to serine in the protein kinase LRRK2, results in increased activity and this was recently shown to disrupt basal mitophagy in vivo. Thus, different modalities of mitophagy are affected by distinct proteins implicated in PD, suggesting impaired mitophagy may be a common denominator for the disease. In this short review, we discuss the current knowledge about the link between PD pathogenic mutations and mitophagy, with a particular focus on LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Singh
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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15
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Just-Borràs L, Cilleros-Mañé V, Hurtado E, Biondi O, Charbonnier F, Tomàs M, Garcia N, Tomàs J, Lanuza MA. Running and Swimming Differently Adapt the BDNF/TrkB Pathway to a Slow Molecular Pattern at the NMJ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4577. [PMID: 33925507 PMCID: PMC8123836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise improves motor control and related cognitive abilities and reinforces neuroprotective mechanisms in the nervous system. As peripheral nerves interact with skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction, modifications of this bidirectional communication by physical activity are positive to preserve this synapse as it increases quantal content and resistance to fatigue, acetylcholine receptors expansion, and myocytes' fast-to-slow functional transition. Here, we provide the intermediate step between physical activity and functional and morphological changes by analyzing the molecular adaptations in the skeletal muscle of the full BDNF/TrkB downstream signaling pathway, directly involved in acetylcholine release and synapse maintenance. After 45 days of training at different intensities, the BDNF/TrkB molecular phenotype of trained muscles from male B6SJLF1/J mice undergo a fast-to-slow transition without affecting motor neuron size. We provide further knowledge to understand how exercise induces muscle molecular adaptations towards a slower phenotype, resistant to prolonged trains of stimulation or activity that can be useful as therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Just-Borràs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Víctor Cilleros-Mañé
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Erica Hurtado
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Olivier Biondi
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, CEDEX 06, F-75270 Paris, France; (O.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, CEDEX 06, F-75270 Paris, France; (O.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Tomàs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Neus Garcia
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Josep Tomàs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria A. Lanuza
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
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16
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Pengam M, Amérand A, Simon B, Guernec A, Inizan M, Moisan C. How do exercise training variables stimulate processes related to mitochondrial biogenesis in slow and fast trout muscle fibres? Exp Physiol 2021; 106:938-957. [PMID: 33512052 DOI: 10.1113/ep089231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Exercise is known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, but what are the most relevant training protocols to stimulate it? What is the main finding and its importance? As in mammals, training in rainbow trout affects slow and fast muscle fibres differently. Exercise intensity, relative to volume, duration and frequency, is the most relevant training variable to stimulate the processes related to mitochondrial biogenesis in both red and white muscles. This study offers new insights into muscle fibre type-specific transcription and expression of genes involved in mitochondrial adaptations following training. ABSTRACT Exercise is known to be a powerful way to improve health through the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, which undergoes cellular and molecular adaptations. One of the current challenges in human is to define the optimal training stimulus to improve muscle performance. Fish are relevant models for exercise training physiology studies mainly because of their distinct slow and fast muscle fibres. Using rainbow trout, we investigated the effects of six different training protocols defined by manipulating specific training variables (such as exercise intensity, volume, duration and frequency), on mRNAs and some proteins related to four subsystems (AMP-activated protein kinase-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α signalling pathway, mitochondrial function, antioxidant defences and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) metabolism) in both red and white muscles (RM and WM, respectively). In both muscles, high-intensity exercise stimulated more mRNA types and enzymatic activities related to mitochondrial biogenesis than moderate-intensity exercise. For volume, duration and frequency variables, we demonstrated fibre type-specific responses. Indeed, for high-intensity interval training, RM transcript levels are increased by a low training volume, but WM transcript responses are stimulated by a high training volume. Moreover, transcripts and enzymatic activities related to mitochondria and LDH show that WM tends to develop aerobic metabolism with a high training volume. For transcript stimulation, WM requires a greater duration and frequency of exercise than RM, whereas protein adaptations are efficient with a long training duration and a high frequency in both muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Pengam
- EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Brest, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, Brest, F-29238, France
| | - Aline Amérand
- EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Brest, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, Brest, F-29238, France
| | - Bernard Simon
- EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Brest, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, Brest, F-29238, France
| | - Anthony Guernec
- EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Brest, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, Brest, F-29238, France
| | - Manon Inizan
- EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Brest, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, Brest, F-29238, France
| | - Christine Moisan
- EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Brest, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, Brest, F-29238, France
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17
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Ferguson RA, Mitchell EA, Taylor CW, Bishop DJ, Christiansen D. Blood-flow-restricted exercise: Strategies for enhancing muscle adaptation and performance in the endurance-trained athlete. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:837-860. [PMID: 33486814 DOI: 10.1113/ep089280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Blood-flow-restricted (BFR) exercise represents a potential approach to augment the adaptive response to training and improve performance in endurance-trained individuals. What advances does it highlight? When combined with low-load resistance exercise, low- and moderate-intensity endurance exercise and sprint interval exercise, BFR can provide an augmented acute stimulus for angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. These augmented acute responses can translate into enhanced capillary supply and mitochondrial function, and subsequent endurance-type performance, although this might depend on the nature of the exercise stimulus. There is a requirement to clarify whether BFR training interventions can be used by high-performance endurance athletes within their structured training programme. ABSTRACT A key objective of the training programme for an endurance athlete is to optimize the underlying physiological determinants of performance. Training-induced adaptations are governed by physiological and metabolic stressors, which initiate transcriptional and translational signalling cascades to increase the abundance and/or function of proteins to improve physiological function. One important consideration is that training adaptations are reduced as training status increases, which is reflected at the molecular level as a blunting of the acute signalling response to exercise. This review examines blood-flow-restricted (BFR) exercise as a strategy for augmenting exercise-induced stressors and subsequent molecular signalling responses to enhance the physiological characteristics of the endurance athlete. Focus is placed on the processes of capillary growth and mitochondrial biogenesis. Recent evidence supports that BFR exercise presents an intensified training stimulus beyond that of performing the same exercise alone. We suggest that this has the potential to induce enhanced physiological adaptations, including increases in capillary supply and mitochondrial function, which can contribute to an improvement in performance of endurance exercise. There is, however, a lack of consensus regarding the potency of BFR training, which is invariably attributable to the different modes, intensities and durations of exercise and BFR methods. Further studies are needed to confirm its potential in the endurance-trained athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Emma A Mitchell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Conor W Taylor
- Ineos Grenadiers Cycling Team, Bollin House, Wilmslow, UK
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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18
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Zhang PN, Zhou MQ, Guo J, Zheng HJ, Tang J, Zhang C, Liu YN, Liu WJ, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Diabetic Nephropathy: Nontraditional Therapeutic Opportunities. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1010268. [PMID: 34926696 PMCID: PMC8677373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular diabetic complication. Growing evidence shows that persistent mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of renal diseases, including DN, as it alters mitochondrial homeostasis and, in turn, affects normal kidney function. Pharmacological regulation of mitochondrial networking is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and restoring renal function in DN. In this review, we have surveyed recent advances in elucidating the mitochondrial networking and signaling pathways in physiological and pathological contexts. Additionally, we have considered the contributions of nontraditional therapy that ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and discussed their molecular mechanism, highlighting the potential value of nontraditional therapies, such as herbal medicine and lifestyle interventions, in therapeutic interventions for DN. The generation of new insights using mitochondrial networking will facilitate further investigations on nontraditional therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Na Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng Qi Zhou
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Ning Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yao Xian Wang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
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Viruega H, Gaillard I, Briatte L, Gaviria M. Inter-Day Reliability and Changes of Surface Electromyography on Two Postural Muscles Throughout 12 Weeks of Hippotherapy on Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050281. [PMID: 32384678 PMCID: PMC7288184 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term covering a group of permanent developmental disorders of movement and posture characterized by highly variable clinical features. The aim of this study was to assess the short-term and mid-term effects of neurorehabilitation via hippotherapy on the contractile properties of two key postural muscles during functional sitting in such patients. Thirty-minute hippotherapy sessions were conducted biweekly for 12 weeks in 18 patients (18.1 ± 5.7 years old). Surface electromyography (EMG) was implemented bilaterally in rectus abdominis and adductor magnus. We quantitatively analyzed the amplitude of EMG signals in the time domain and its spectral characteristics in the frequency domain. EMGs were recorded at the beginning and end of each session on day one and at week six and week twelve. Statistical analysis revealed a substantial inter-day reliability of the EMG signals for both muscles, validating the methodological approach. To a lesser extent, while beyond the scope of the current study, quantitative changes suggested a more selective recruitment/contractile properties’ shift of the examined muscles. Exploring postural control during functional activities would contribute to understanding the relationship between structural impairment, activity performance and patient capabilities, allowing the design of neurorehabilitation programs aimed at improving postural and functional skills according to each individual’s needs. The present study provides basic quantitative data supporting the body of scientific evidence making hippotherapy an approach of choice for CP neurorehabilitation.
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20
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Shally A, McDonagh B. The redox environment and mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Biogerontology 2020; 21:461-473. [PMID: 32323076 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medical advancements have extended human life expectancy, which is not always accompanied by an improved quality of life or healthspan. A decline in muscle mass and function is a consequence of ageing and can result in a loss of independence in elderly individuals while increasing their risk of falls. Multiple cellular pathways have been implicated in age-related muscle atrophy, including the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupted redox signalling. Aberrant levels of ROS disrupts the redox environment in older muscle, potentially disrupting cellular signalling and in some cases blunting the adaptive response to exercise. Age-related muscle atrophy is associated with disrupted mitochondrial content and function, one of the hallmarks of age-related diseases. There is a critical link between abnormal ROS generation and dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics including mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission. In order to develop effective treatments or preventative strategies, it is important to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic pathways implicated in age associated loss of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shally
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Li B, Liu J, Gu G, Han X, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Impact of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin 1 level, and synaptic deficits in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:502-518. [PMID: 32145065 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, play multiple physiological roles. In neurodegenerative diseases, EVs can be pivotal in dispersing neuropathogenic proteins. This study investigates the role of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived EVs in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Five weeks following treatment on 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice, the effects of NSC-derived EVs on cognitive behavior, mitochondrial function, sirtuin1 (SIRT1), synaptic function and morphology, quantification of amyloid-β (Aβ) level, and inflammatory response were investigated. The results showed that mice in the Tg-NSCs-ev group exhibited significant improvement in cognitive performance compared with Tg-Veh group. Furthermore, the expression of mitochondrial function-related factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α [PGC1α], nuclear respiratory factor 1 and 2 [NRF1 and 2], and fission 1 [Fis1]), SIRT1 as well as synaptic proteins (growth-associated protein 43 [GAP43], synaptophysin [SYP], post-synaptic density 95 [PSD95] and microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2]) were significantly higher in the Tg-NSCs-ev group, when compared with the Tg-Veh group. In addition, oxidative damage markers (anti-4-Hydroxynonenal [4-HNE] and anti-3 nitrotyrosine [3-NT]), inflammatory cytokines and the microglial marker (Iba1) were significantly lower in the Tg-NSCs-ev group, compared to the Tg-Veh group. Moreover, synaptic morphology was distinctly improved in the Tg-NSCs-ev group, whereas the Aβ level was not altered. Our study provides novel evidences that NSC-derived EVs enhanced mitochondrial function, SIRT1 activation, synaptic activity, decreased inflammatory response, and rescued cognitive deficits in AD like mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson's Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4293071. [PMID: 32215173 PMCID: PMC7042542 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4293071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study was aimed at investigating the effects and molecular mechanisms of physical activity intervention on Parkinson's disease (PD) and providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of PD. Methods Four electronic databases up to December 2019 were searched (PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley database), 176 articles were selected. Literature data were analyzed by the logic analysis method. Results (1) Risk factors of PD include dairy products, pesticides, traumatic brain injury, and obesity. Protective factors include alcohol, tobacco, coffee, black tea, and physical activity. (2) Physical activity can reduce the risk and improve symptoms of PD and the beneficial forms of physical activity, including running, dancing, traditional Chinese martial arts, yoga, and weight training. (3) Different forms of physical activity alleviate the symptoms of PD through different mechanisms, including reducing the accumulation of α-syn protein, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while enhancing BDNF activity, nerve regeneration, and mitochondrial function. Conclusion Physical activity has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of PD. Illustrating the molecular mechanism of physical activity-induced protective effect on PD is an urgent need for improving the efficacy of PD therapy regimens in the future.
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Pengam M, Moisan C, Simon B, Guernec A, Inizan M, Amérand A. Training protocols differently affect AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway and redox state in trout muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 243:110673. [PMID: 32044445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of physical exercise training are in part related to enhancement of muscle mitochondrial performance. The effects of two different trainings were investigated on transcripts and proteins of the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway, the mitochondrial functioning (citrate synthase (CS), oxidative phosphorylation complexes, uncoupling proteins (UCP)) and the antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase) in rainbow trout red and white skeletal muscles. One group of trouts swam for 10 days at a moderate intensity (approximately 57% Ucrit or 2.0 body lengths/s, 23.5 h/day) and another group at a high intensity (approximately 90% Ucrit or 3.2 body lengths/s, 2 h/day). In the red muscle, the increase of Cs mRNA levels was significantly correlated with the transcripts of Ampkα1, Ampkα2, Pgc-1α, the oxidative phosphorylation complexes, Ucp2α, Ucp2β, Sod1, Sod2 and Gpx1. After 10 days of training, high intensity training (HIT) stimulates more the transcription of genes involved in this aerobic pathway than moderate intensity training (MIT) in the skeletal muscles, and mainly in the red oxidative muscle. However, no changes in CS, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and antioxidant defenses activities and in oxidative stress marker (isoprostane plasmatic levels) were observed. The transcriptomic responses are fiber- and training-type dependent when proteins were not yet expressed after 10 days of training. As in mammals, our results suggest that HIT could promote benefit effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Pengam
- Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Christine Moisan
- Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Bernard Simon
- Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Anthony Guernec
- Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Manon Inizan
- Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Aline Amérand
- Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200 Brest, France.
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24
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Tofas T, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010013. [PMID: 31877965 PMCID: PMC7023632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy for muscle function. When these organelles become dysfunctional, they produce less energy as well as excessive levels of reactive oxygen species which can trigger muscle atrophy, weakness and loss of endurance. In this review, molecular evidence is provided to show that exercise serves as a useful therapeutic countermeasure to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction, even when key regulators of organelle biogenesis are absent. These findings illustrate the complexity and compensatory nature of exercise-induced molecular signaling to transcription, as well as to post-transcriptional events within the mitochondrial synthesis and degradation (i.e. turnover) pathways. Beginning with the first bout of contractile activity, exercise exerts a medicinal effect to improve mitochondrial health and whole muscle function.
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In vivo assessment of muscle mitochondrial function in healthy, young males in relation to parameters of aerobic fitness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1799-1808. [PMID: 31177324 PMCID: PMC6647177 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The recovery of muscle oxygen consumption (m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2) after exercise provides a measure of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, as more and better-functioning mitochondria will be able to restore m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2 faster to the pre-exercise state. The aim was to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) within a healthy, normally active population and relate this to parameters of aerobic fitness, investigating the applicability and relevance of using NIRS to assess muscle mitochondrial capacity non-invasively. Methods Mitochondrial capacity was analysed in the gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles of eight relatively high-aerobic fitness (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak ≥ 57 mL/kg/min) and eight relatively low-aerobic fitness male subjects (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak ≤ 47 mL/kg/min). Recovery of whole body \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2, i.e. excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) was analysed after a cycling protocol. Results Mitochondrial capacity, as analysed using NIRS, was significantly higher in high-fitness individuals compared to low-fitness individuals in the gastrocnemius, but not in the FDS (p = 0.0036 and p = 0.20, respectively). Mitochondrial capacity in the gastrocnemius was significantly correlated with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak (R2 = 0.57, p = 0.0019). Whole body \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2 recovery was significantly faster in the high-fitness individuals (p = 0.0048), and correlated significantly with mitochondrial capacity in the gastrocnemius (R2 = 0.34, p = 0.028). Conclusion NIRS measurements can be used to assess differences in mitochondrial muscle oxygen consumption within a relatively normal, healthy population. Furthermore, mitochondrial capacity correlated with parameters of aerobic fitness (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{V}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak and EPOC), emphasising the physiological relevance of the NIRS measurements.
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Nakayama KH, Quarta M, Paine P, Alcazar C, Karakikes I, Garcia V, Abilez OJ, Calvo NS, Simmons CS, Rando TA, Huang NF. Treatment of volumetric muscle loss in mice using nanofibrillar scaffolds enhances vascular organization and integration. Commun Biol 2019; 2:170. [PMID: 31098403 PMCID: PMC6505043 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic skeletal muscle injuries cause irreversible tissue damage and impaired revascularization. Engineered muscle is promising for enhancing tissue revascularization and regeneration in injured muscle. Here we fabricated engineered skeletal muscle composed of myotubes interspersed with vascular endothelial cells using spatially patterned scaffolds that induce aligned cellular organization, and then assessed their therapeutic benefit for treatment of murine volumetric muscle loss. Murine skeletal myoblasts co-cultured with endothelial cells in aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds form endothelialized and aligned muscle with longer myotubes, more synchronized contractility, and more abundant secretion of angiogenic cytokines, compared to endothelialized engineered muscle formed from randomly-oriented scaffolds. Treatment of traumatically injured muscle with endothelialized and aligned skeletal muscle promotes the formation of highly organized myofibers and microvasculature, along with greater vascular perfusion, compared to treatment of muscle derived from randomly-oriented scaffolds. This work demonstrates the potential of endothelialized and aligned engineered skeletal muscle to promote vascular regeneration following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H. Nakayama
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Marco Quarta
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Patrick Paine
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Cynthia Alcazar
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Oscar J. Abilez
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nicholas S. Calvo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Chelsey S. Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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28
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Sergi D, Naumovski N, Heilbronn LK, Abeywardena M, O'Callaghan N, Lionetti L, Luscombe-Marsh N. Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet. Front Physiol 2019; 10:532. [PMID: 31130874 PMCID: PMC6510277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the cause-effect relationship remains to be fully elucidated. Compelling evidence suggests that boosting mitochondrial function may represent a valuable therapeutic tool to improve insulin sensitivity. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which adapt to short- and long-term metabolic perturbations by undergoing fusion and fission cycles, spatial rearrangement of the electron transport chain complexes into supercomplexes and biogenesis governed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC 1α). However, these processes appear to be dysregulated in type 2 diabetic individuals. Herein, we describe the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle alongside the intracellular pathways orchestrating mitochondrial bioenergetics. We then review current evidence on nutritional tools, including fatty acids, amino acids, caloric restriction and food bioactive derivatives, which may enhance insulin sensitivity by therapeutically targeting mitochondrial function and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Mahinda Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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29
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Manta A, Stouth DW, Xhuti D, Chi L, Rebalka IA, Kalmar JM, Hawke TJ, Ljubicic V. Chronic exercise mitigates disease mechanisms and improves muscle function in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mice. J Physiol 2019; 597:1361-1381. [PMID: 30628727 DOI: 10.1113/jp277123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the second most common muscular dystrophy and most prevalent adult form of muscular dystrophy, is characterized by muscle weakness, wasting and myotonia. A microsatellite repeat expansion mutation results in RNA toxicity and dysregulation of mRNA processing, which are the primary downstream causes of the disorder. Recent studies with DM1 participants demonstrate that exercise is safe, enjoyable and elicits benefits in muscle strength and function; however, the molecular mechanisms of exercise adaptation in DM1 are undefined. Our results demonstrate that 7 weeks of volitional running wheel exercise in a pre-clinical DM1 mouse model resulted in significantly improved motor performance, muscle strength and endurance, as well as reduced myotonia. At the cellular level, chronic physical activity attenuated RNA toxicity, liberated Muscleblind-like 1 protein from myonuclear foci and improved mRNA alternative splicing. ABSTRACT Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a trinucleotide repeat expansion neuromuscular disorder that is most prominently characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, wasting and myotonia. Chronic physical activity is safe and satisfying, and can elicit functional benefits such as improved strength and endurance in DM1 patients, but the underlying cellular basis of exercise adaptation is undefined. Our purpose was to examine the mechanisms of exercise biology in DM1. Healthy, sedentary wild-type (SED-WT) mice, as well as sedentary human skeletal actin-long repeat animals, a murine model of DM1 myopathy (SED-DM1), and DM1 mice with volitional access to a running wheel for 7 weeks (EX-DM1), were utilized. Chronic exercise augmented strength and endurance in vivo and in situ in DM1 mice. These alterations coincided with normalized measures of myopathy, as well as increased mitochondrial content. Electromyography revealed a 70-85% decrease in the duration of myotonic discharges in muscles from EX-DM1 compared to SED-DM1 animals. The exercise-induced enhancements in muscle function corresponded at the molecular level with mitigated spliceopathy, specifically the processing of bridging integrator 1 and muscle-specific chloride channel (CLC-1) transcripts. CLC-1 protein content and sarcolemmal expression were lower in SED-DM1 versus SED-WT animals, but they were similar between SED-WT and EX-DM1 groups. Chronic exercise also attenuated RNA toxicity, as indicated by reduced (CUG)n foci-positive myonuclei and sequestered Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). Our data indicate that chronic exercise-induced physiological improvements in DM1 occur in concert with mitigated primary downstream disease mechanisms, including RNA toxicity, MBNL1 loss-of-function, and alternative mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Derek W Stouth
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Donald Xhuti
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Leon Chi
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Jayne M Kalmar
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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30
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Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Treadmill exercise training could attenuate the upregulation of Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the skeletal muscle of mouse model of chronic/progressive Parkinson disease. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 43:501-507. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-182492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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31
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PGC-1β modulates statin-associated myotoxicity in mice. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:487-504. [PMID: 30511338 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and lower serum LDL-cholesterol levels. Statins are generally well tolerated, but can be associated with potentially life-threatening myopathy of unknown mechanism. We have shown previously that statins impair PGC-1β expression in human and rat skeletal muscle, suggesting that PGC-1β may play a role in statin-induced myopathy. PGC-1β is a transcriptional co-regulator controlling the expression of important genes in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidative capacity and energy metabolism. The principle aim of the current study was to investigate the interaction between atorvastatin and PGC-1β in more detail. We therefore treated wild-type mice and mice with selective skeletal muscle knockout of PGC-1β (PGC-1β(i)skm-/- mice) with oral atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, we determined body parameters, muscle function, structure, and composition as well as the function of muscle mitochondria, mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of apoptotic pathways. In wild-type mice, atorvastatin selectively impaired mitochondrial function in glycolytic muscle and caused a conversion of oxidative type IIA to glycolytic type IIB myofibers. Conversely, in oxidative muscle of wild-type mice, atorvastatin enhanced mitochondrial function via activation of mitochondrial biogenesis pathways and decreased apoptosis. In PGC-1β(i)skm-/- mice, atorvastatin induced a switch towards glycolytic fibers, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mitochondrial ROS production, impaired mitochondrial proliferation and induced apoptosis in both glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle. Our work reveals that atorvastatin mainly affects glycolytic muscle in wild-type mice and demonstrates the importance of PGC-1β for oxidative muscle integrity during long-term exposure to a myotoxic agent.
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32
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Colaianni G, Lippo L, Sanesi L, Brunetti G, Celi M, Cirulli N, Passeri G, Reseland J, Schipani E, Faienza MF, Tarantino U, Colucci S, Grano M. Deletion of the Transcription Factor PGC-1α in Mice Negatively Regulates Bone Mass. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:638-652. [PMID: 30094757 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1α) is a transcription coactivator that interacts with a broad range of transcription factors involved in several biological responses. Here, we show that PGC1α plays a role in skeletal homeostasis since aged PGC1α-deficient mice (PGC1α-/-) display impaired bone structure. Micro-CT of the tibial mid-shaft showed a marked decrease of cortical thickness in PGC1α-/- (- 11.9%, p < 0.05) mice compared to wild-type littermate. Trabecular bone was also impaired in knock out mice which displayed lower trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (- 5.9% vs PGC1α+/+, p < 0.05), whereas trabecular number (Tb.N) was higher than wild-type mice (+ 72% vs PGC1α+/+, p < 0.05), thus resulting in increased (+ 31.7% vs PGC1α+/+, p < 0.05) degree of anisotropy (DA), despite unchanged bone volume fraction (BV/TV). Notably, these impairments of cortical and trabecular bone led to a dramatic ~ 48.4% decrease in bending strength (p < 0.01). These changes in PGC1α-/- mice were paralleled by a significant increase in osteoclast number at the cortical bone surface and in serum level of the bone resorption marker, namely, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I). We also found that in cortical bone, there was lower expression of mRNA codifying for the key bone-building protein Osteocalcin (Ocn). Interestingly, Collagen I mRNA expression was reduced in mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of PGC1α-/-, thus indicating that differentiation of osteoblast lineage is downregulated. Overall, results presented herein suggest that PGC1α may play a key role in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
- PhD School in Tissue and Organ Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cirulli
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Janne Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Broatch JR, Petersen A, Bishop DJ. The Influence of Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion on Adaptive Responses to Exercise: A Review of the Literature. Sports Med 2018; 48:1369-1387. [PMID: 29627884 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is used extensively in exercise training as a means to minimise fatigue and expedite recovery between sessions. However, debate exists around its merit in long-term training regimens. While an improvement in recovery following a single session of exercise may improve subsequent training quality and stimulus, reports have emerged suggesting CWI may attenuate long-term adaptations to exercise training. Recent developments in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the adaptive response to exercise in human skeletal muscle have provided potential mechanistic insight into the effects of CWI on training adaptations. Preliminary evidence suggests that CWI may blunt resistance signalling pathways following a single exercise session, as well as attenuate key long-term resistance training adaptations such as strength and muscle mass. Conversely, CWI may augment endurance signalling pathways and the expression of genes key to mitochondrial biogenesis following a single endurance exercise session, but have little to no effect on the content of proteins key to mitochondrial biogenesis following long-term endurance training. This review explores current evidence regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which CWI may alter cellular signalling and the long-term adaptive response to exercise in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Chimienti G, Picca A, Sirago G, Fracasso F, Calvani R, Bernabei R, Russo F, Carter CS, Leeuwenburgh C, Pesce V, Marzetti E, Lezza AMS. Increased TFAM binding to mtDNA damage hot spots is associated with mtDNA loss in aged rat heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:447-453. [PMID: 29969715 PMCID: PMC6319621 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The well-known age-related mitochondrial dysfunction deeply affects heart because of the tissue's large dependence on mitochondrial ATP provision. Our study revealed in aged rat heart a significant 25% decrease in mtDNA relative content, a significant 29% increase in the 4.8 Kb mtDNA deletion relative content, and a significant inverse correlation between such contents as well as a significant 38% decrease in TFAM protein amount. The TFAM-binding activity to specific mtDNA regions increased at those encompassing the mtDNA replication origins, D-loop and Ori-L. The same mtDNA regions were screened for different kinds of oxidative damage, namely Single Strand Breaks (SSBs), Double Strand Breaks (DSBs), abasic sites (AP sites) and oxidized bases as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG). A marked increase in the relative content of mtDNA strand damage (SSBs, DSBs and AP sites) was found in the D-loop and Ori-L regions in the aged animals, unveiling for the first time in vivo an age-related, non-stochastic accumulation of oxidative lesions in these two regions that appear as hot spots of mtDNA damage. The use of Formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg) demonstrated also a significant age-related accumulation of oxidized purines particularly in the D-loop and Ori-L regions. The detected increased binding of TFAM to the mtDNA damage hot spots in aged heart suggests a link between TFAM binding to mtDNA and loss of mitochondrial genome likely through hindrance of repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Chimienti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Fracasso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Digestive Diseases - I.R.C.C.S. "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Parkinson disease-induced upregulation of apoptotic mediators could be attenuated in the skeletal muscle following chronic exercise training. NeuroRehabilitation 2018; 41:823-830. [PMID: 29254117 DOI: 10.3233/nre-172196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown elevated levels of p53 and active caspase-3 in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle with Parkinson's disease (PD). The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of endurance exercise training on the expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the skeletal muscle of mouse with induced Parkinsonism. METHODS Sedentary control (SC), sedentary Parkinson diseased (SPD), and exercised Parkinson diseased (EPD) groups were formed; each consisting of 10 randomly selected normal albino mice. Chronic Parkinson disease was induced in the SPD and EPD animals using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p). The expression of p53 and active caspase-3 was investigated, using immunohistochemistry, in the gastrocnemius muscle in each animal group. RESULTS Both p53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly (p value < 0.05) reduced in the PD gastrocnemius skeletal muscle following endurance exercise training. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest that chronic exercise training reduced Parkinson disease-induced upregulation of p53 and active caspase-3 in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. Thus, our study suggests that inhibiting p53 and/or active caspase-3 may be considered as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate PD skeletal muscle abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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Bae JY, Woo J, Kang S, Shin KO. Effects of detraining and retraining on muscle energy-sensing network and meteorin-like levels in obese mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:97. [PMID: 29703203 PMCID: PMC5924483 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased intramuscular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) with exercise directly or indirectly affects other tissues, but the effector pathway of PGC-1α has not been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and/or dietary change on the protein levels of the soleus muscle energy-sensing network and meteorin-like (Metrnl), and additionally to analyze the detraining and retraining effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods One hundred male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal-diet + sedentary (CO, n = 20) and HFD + sedentary (HF, n = 80) groups, and obesity was induced in the HF group through consumption of a 45% HFD for 6 weeks. The HF group was subdivided into HF only (n = 20), HF + training (HFT, n = 20), dietary change + sedentary (HFND, n = 20), and HFND + training (HFNDT, n = 20) groups, and the mice in the training groups underwent a treadmill training for 8 weeks, 5 times per week, 40 min per day. The HFT and HFNDT groups underwent 8-week training, 8-week detraining, and 4-week retraining. Results An 8-week training was effective in increasing the protein levels of soleus muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PGC-1α, and plasma Metrnl in the obese mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, exercise in obesity reduced body weight (P < 0.05), and exercise with dietary conversion was effective in reducing body weight (P < 0.05) and fat mass (P < 0.05) after 8-week training. 8-week detraining restored the increased protein level to the pre-exercise state, but, the previous exercise effect in body weight and fat mass (P < 0.05) of the HFNDT group remained until the end of 4-week detraining. 4-week retraining was effective in increasing the protein levels of soleus muscle AMPK, PGC-1α, blood Metrnl (P < 0.05), and reducing in body weight (P < 0.05) and fat mass (P < 0.05), when retraining with dietary change. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that regular exercise is indispensable to reduce body weight and fat mass through upregulation of the muscle energy-sensing network and Metrnl protein levels, and retraining with dietary change is necessary to obtain the retraining effects more quickly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0751-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Woo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Division of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ok Shin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea.
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D'Souza RF, Zeng N, Figueiredo VC, Markworth JF, Durainayagam BR, Mitchell SM, Fanning AC, Poppitt SD, Cameron-Smith D, Mitchell CJ. Dairy Protein Supplementation Modulates the Human Skeletal Muscle microRNA Response to Lower Limb Immobilization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701028. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Zeng
- Liggins Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Vandre C. Figueiredo
- Liggins Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- College of Health Sciences; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | | | | | | | - Aaron C. Fanning
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE); Riddet Institute,; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Food & Bio-based Products Group; AgResearch; Palmerston North New Zealand
- Centre for Research Excellence (CoRE); Riddet Insitute; Palmerston North New Zealand
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Abstract
Background: p53 is a tumor suppressor protein involved in regulating a wide array of signaling pathways. The role of p53 in the cell is determined by the type of imposed oxidative stress, its intensity and duration. The last decade of research has unravelled a dual nature in the function of p53 in mediating the oxidative stress burden. However, this is dependent on the specific properties of the applied stress and thus requires further analysis. Methods: A systematic review was performed following an electronic search of Pubmed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles published in the English language between January 1, 1990 and March 1, 2017 were identified and isolated based on the analysis of p53 in skeletal muscle in both animal and cell culture models. Results: Literature was categorized according to the modality of imposed oxidative stress including exercise, diet modification, exogenous oxidizing agents, tissue manipulation, irradiation, and hypoxia. With low to moderate levels of oxidative stress, p53 is involved in activating pathways that increase time for cell repair, such as cell cycle arrest and autophagy, to enhance cell survival. However, with greater levels of stress intensity and duration, such as with irradiation, hypoxia, and oxidizing agents, the role of p53 switches to facilitate increased cellular stress levels by initiating DNA fragmentation to induce apoptosis, thereby preventing aberrant cell proliferation. Conclusion: Current evidence confirms that p53 acts as a threshold regulator of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, within each modality, the intensity and duration are parameters of the oxidative stressor that must be analyzed to determine the role p53 plays in regulating signaling pathways to maintain cellular health and function in skeletal muscle. Abbreviations: Acadl: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain; Acadm: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain; AIF: apoptosis-inducing factor; Akt: protein kinase B (PKB); AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATF-4: activating transcription factor 4; ATM: ATM serine/threonine kinase; Bax: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; Bcl-2: B cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator; Bhlhe40: basic helix-loop-helix family member e40; BH3: Borane; Bim: bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death; Bok: Bcl-2 related ovarian killer; COX-IV: cytochrome c oxidase IV; cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; c-myc: proto-oncogene protein; Cpt1b: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B; Dr5: death receptor 5; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ERK: extracellular regulated MAP kinase; Fas: Fas Cell surface death receptor; FDXR: Ferredoxin Reductase; FOXO3a: forkhead box O3; Gadd45a: growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha; GLS2: glutaminase 2; GLUT 1 and 4: glucose transporter 1(endothelial) and 4 (skeletal muscle); GSH: Glutathione; Hes1: hes family bHLH transcription factor 1; Hey1: hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1; HIFI-α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α-subunit; HK2: Hexokinase 2; HSP70: Heat Shock Protein 70; H2O2: Hydrogen Peroxide; Id2: inhibitor of DNA-binding 2; IGF-1-BP3: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; IL-1β: Interleukin 1 beta; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; IRS-1: Insulin receptor substrate 1; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LY-83583: 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione; inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase and of cGMP production; Mdm 2/ 4: Mouse double minute 2 homolog (mouse) Mdm4 (humans); mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MURF1: Muscle RING-finger protein-1; MyoD: Myogenic differentiation 1; MyoG: myogenin; Nanog: Nanog homeobox; NF-kB: Nuclear factor-κB; NO: nitric oxide; NoxA: phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (Pmaip1); NRF-1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; P21: Cdkn1a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21); P38 MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; p53R2: p53 inducible ribonucleotide reductase gene; P66Shc: src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1; PERP: p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; PGM: phosphoglucomutase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; PKCβ: protein kinase c beta; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PTIO: 2-phenyl-4, 4, 5, 5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) has been used as a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger; Puma: The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis; PW1: paternally expressed 3 (Peg3); RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SCO2: cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2; Tfam: transcription factor A mitochondrial; TIGAR: Trp53 induced glycolysis repulatory phosphatase; TNF-a: tumor necrosis factor a; TRAF2: TNF receptor associated factor 2; TRAIL: type II transmembrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Beyfuss
- a School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences , York University , Toronto , Canada
| | - David A Hood
- a School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences , York University , Toronto , Canada
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Voluntary aerobic exercise increases arterial resilience and mitochondrial health with aging in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2897-2914. [PMID: 27875805 PMCID: PMC5191877 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation and associated excessive reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production is a key source of oxidative stress in aging arteries that reduces baseline function and may influence resilience (ability to withstand stress). We hypothesized that voluntary aerobic exercise would increase arterial resilience in old mice. An acute mitochondrial stressor (rotenone) caused greater (further) impairment in peak carotid EDD in old (~27 mo., OC, n=12; -32.5±-10.5%) versus young (~7 mo., YC n=11; -5.4±- 3.7%) control male mice, whereas arteries from young and old exercising (YVR n=10 and OVR n=11, 10-wk voluntary running; -0.8±-2.1% and -8.0±4.9%, respectively) mice were protected. Ex-vivo simulated Western diet (WD, high glucose and palmitate) caused greater impairment in EDD in OC (-28.5±8.6%) versus YC (-16.9±5.2%) and YVR (-15.3±2.3%), whereas OVR (-8.9±3.9%) were more resilient (not different versus YC). Simultaneous ex-vivo treatment with mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoQ attenuated WD-induced impairments in YC and OC, but not YVR or OVR, suggesting that exercise improved resilience to mtROS-mediated stress. Exercise normalized age-related alterations in aortic mitochondrial protein markers PGC-1α, SIRT-3 and Fis1 and augmented cellular antioxidant and stress response proteins. Our results indicate that arterial aging is accompanied by reduced resilience and mitochondrial health, which are restored by voluntary aerobic exercise.
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The Combination of Physical Exercise with Muscle-Directed Antioxidants to Counteract Sarcopenia: A Biomedical Rationale for Pleiotropic Treatment with Creatine and Coenzyme Q10. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7083049. [PMID: 29123615 PMCID: PMC5632475 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7083049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents an increasing public health risk due to the rapid aging of the world's population. It is characterized by both low muscle mass and function and is associated with mobility disorders, increased risk of falls and fractures, loss of independence, disabilities, and increased risk of death. Despite the urgency of the problem, the development of treatments for sarcopenia has lagged. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased antioxidant (AO) defences seem to be important factors contributing to muscle impairment. Studies have been conducted to verify whether physical exercise and/or AOs could prevent and/or delay sarcopenia through a normalization of the etiologically relevant ROS imbalance. Despite the strong rationale, the results obtained were contradictory, particularly with regard to the effects of the tested AOs. A possible explanation might be that not all the agents included in the general heading of "AOs" could fulfill the requisites to counteract the complex series of events causing/accelerating sarcopenia: the combination of the muscle-directed antioxidants creatine and coenzyme Q10 with physical exercise as a biomedical rationale for pleiotropic prevention and/or treatment of sarcopenia is discussed.
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Tyml K, Swarbreck S, Pape C, Secor D, Koropatnick J, Feng Q, Veldhuizen RAW, Gill SE. Voluntary running exercise protects against sepsis-induced early inflammatory and pro-coagulant responses in aged mice. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:210. [PMID: 28789683 PMCID: PMC5549433 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite many animal studies and clinical trials, mortality in sepsis remains high. This may be due to the fact that most experimental studies of sepsis employ young animals, whereas the majority of septic patients are elderly (60 − 70 years). The objective of the present study was to examine the sepsis-induced inflammatory and pro-coagulant responses in aged mice. Since running exercise protects against a variety of diseases, we also examined the effect of voluntary running on septic responses in aged mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were housed in our institute from 2–3 to 22 months (an age mimicking that of the elderly). Mice were prevented from becoming obese by food restriction (given 70–90% of ad libitum consumption amount). Between 20 and 22 months, a subgroup of mice ran voluntarily on wheels, alternating 1–3 days of running with 1–2 days of rest. At 22 months, mice were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline (control) or 3.75 g/kg fecal slurry (septic). At 7 h post injection, we examined (1) neutrophil influx in the lung and liver by measuring myeloperoxidase and/or neutrophil elastase in the tissue homogenates by spectrophotometry, (2) interleukin 6 (IL6) and KC in the lung lavage by ELISA, (3) pulmonary surfactant function by measuring percentage of large aggregates, (4) capillary plugging (pro-coagulant response) in skeletal muscle by intravital microscopy, (5) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein in skeletal muscle (eNOS-derived NO is putative inhibitor of capillary plugging) by immunoblotting, and (6) systemic blood platelet counts by hemocytometry. Results Sepsis caused high levels of pulmonary myeloperoxidase, elastase, IL6, KC, liver myeloperoxidase, and capillary plugging. Sepsis also caused low levels of surfactant function and platelet counts. Running exercise increased eNOS protein and attenuated the septic responses. Conclusions Voluntary running protects against exacerbated sepsis-induced inflammatory and pro-coagulant responses in aged mice. Protection against pro-coagulant responses may involve eNOS upregulation. The present discovery in aged mice calls for clinical investigation into potential beneficial effects of exercise on septic outcomes in the elderly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1783-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Tyml
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Swarbreck
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Pape
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Secor
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Koropatnick
- Cancer Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Respirology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean E Gill
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Respirology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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SCHWALM CÉLINE, DELDICQUE LOUISE, FRANCAUX MARC. Lack of Activation of Mitophagy during Endurance Exercise in Human. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1552-1561. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lejay A, Laverny G, Paradis S, Schlagowski AI, Charles AL, Singh F, Zoll J, Thaveau F, Lonsdorfer E, Dufour S, Favret F, Wolff V, Metzger D, Chakfe N, Geny B. Moderate Exercise Allows for shorter Recovery Time in Critical Limb Ischemia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:523. [PMID: 28790926 PMCID: PMC5524729 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how moderate exercise might allow for accelerated limb recovery in chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI) remains to be determined. Chronic CLI was surgically induced in mice, and the effect of moderate exercise (training five times per week over a 3-week period) was investigated. Tissue damages and functional scores were assessed on the 4th, 6th, 10th, 20th, and 30th day after surgery. Mice were sacrificed 48 h after the last exercise session in order to assess muscle structure, mitochondrial respiration, calcium retention capacity, oxidative stress and transcript levels of genes encoding proteins controlling mitochondrial functions (PGC1α, PGC1β, NRF1) and anti-oxidant defenses markers (SOD1, SOD2, catalase). CLI resulted in tissue damages and impaired functional scores. Mitochondrial respiration and calcium retention capacity were decreased in the ischemic limb of the non-exercised group (Vmax = 7.11 ± 1.14 vs. 9.86 ± 0.86 mmol 02/min/g dw, p < 0.001; CRC = 7.01 ± 0.97 vs. 11.96 ± 0.92 microM/mg dw, p < 0.001, respectively). Moderate exercise reduced tissue damages, improved functional scores, and restored mitochondrial respiration and calcium retention capacity in the ischemic limb (Vmax = 9.75 ± 1.00 vs. 9.82 ± 0.68 mmol 02/min/g dw; CRC = 11.36 ± 1.33 vs. 12.01 ± 1.24 microM/mg dw, respectively). Exercise also enhanced the transcript levels of PGC1α, PGC1β, NRF1, as well as SOD1, SOD2, and catalase. Moderate exercise restores mitochondrial respiration and calcium retention capacity, and it has beneficial functional effects in chronic CLI, likely by stimulating reactive oxygen species-induced biogenesis and anti-oxidant defenses. These data support further development of exercise therapy even in advanced peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lejay
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Paradis
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France
| | - Anna-Isabel Schlagowski
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - François Singh
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Thaveau
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Evelyne Lonsdorfer
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Dufour
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Favret
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Wolff
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Nabil Chakfe
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Institut de PhysiologieStrasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
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Martos-Sitcha JA, Bermejo-Nogales A, Calduch-Giner JA, Pérez-Sánchez J. Gene expression profiling of whole blood cells supports a more efficient mitochondrial respiration in hypoxia-challenged gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Zool 2017; 14:34. [PMID: 28694839 PMCID: PMC5501551 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acclimation to abiotic challenges, including decreases in O2 availability, requires physiological and anatomical phenotyping to accommodate the organism to the environmental conditions. The retention of a nucleus and functional mitochondria in mature fish red blood cells makes blood a promising tissue to analyse the transcriptome and metabolic responses of hypoxia-challenged fish in an integrative and non-invasive manner. METHODS Juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were reared at 20-21 °C under normoxic conditions (> 85% O2 saturation) followed by exposure to a gradual decrease in water O2 concentration to 3.0 ppm (41-42% O2 saturation) for 24 h or 1.3 ppm (18-19% O2 saturation) for up to 4 h. Blood samples were collected at three different sampling points for haematological, biochemical and transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Blood physiological hallmarks remained almost unaltered at 3.0 ppm, but the haematocrit and circulating levels of haemoglobin, glucose and lactate were consistently increased when fish were maintained below the limiting oxygen saturation at 1.3 ppm. These findings were concurrent with an increase in total plasma antioxidant activity and plasma cortisol levels, whereas the opposite trend was observed for growth-promoting factors, such as insulin-like growth factor I. Additionally, gene expression profiling of whole blood cells revealed changes in upstream master regulators of mitochondria (pgcβ and nrf1), antioxidant enzymes (gpx1, gst3, and sod2), outer and inner membrane translocases (tom70, tom22, tim44, tim10, and tim9), components of the mitochondrial dynamics system (mfn2, miffb, miro1a, and miro2), apoptotic factors (aifm1), uncoupling proteins (ucp2) and oxidative enzymes of fatty acid β-oxidation (acca2, ech, and hadh), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (cs) and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The overall response is an extensive reduction in gene expression of almost all respiratory chain enzyme subunits of the five complexes, although mitochondrial-encoded catalytic subunits and nuclear-encoded regulatory subunits of Complex IV were primarily increased in hypoxic fish. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the re-adjustment of mitochondrial machinery at transcriptional level to cope with a decreased basal metabolic rate, consistent with a low risk of oxidative stress, diminished aerobic ATP production and higher O2-carrying capacity. Taken together, these results suggest that whole blood cells can be used as a highly informative target tissue of metabolic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Azucena Bermejo-Nogales
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
- Present address: Endocrine Disruption and Toxicity of Contaminants, Department of Environment, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
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Broatch JR, Petersen A, Bishop DJ. Cold-water immersion following sprint interval training does not alter endurance signaling pathways or training adaptations in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R372-R384. [PMID: 28679683 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00434.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms by which postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) may alter key markers of mitochondrial biogenesis following both a single session and 6 wk of sprint interval training (SIT). Nineteen men performed a single SIT session, followed by one of two 15-min recovery conditions: cold-water immersion (10°C) or a passive room temperature control (23°C). Sixteen of these participants also completed 6 wk of SIT, each session followed immediately by their designated recovery condition. Four muscle biopsies were obtained in total, three during the single SIT session (preexercise, postrecovery, and 3 h postrecovery) and one 48 h after the last SIT session. After a single SIT session, phosphorylated (p-)AMPK, p-p38 MAPK, p-p53, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA were all increased (P < 0.05). Postexercise CWI had no effect on these responses. Consistent with the lack of a response after a single session, regular postexercise CWI had no effect on PGC-1α or p53 protein content. Six weeks of SIT increased peak aerobic power, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal uncoupled respiration (complexes I and II), and 2-km time trial performance (P < 0.05). However, regular CWI had no effect on changes in these markers, consistent with the lack of response in the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Although these observations suggest that CWI is not detrimental to endurance adaptations following 6 wk of SIT, they question whether postexercise CWI is an effective strategy to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and improvements in endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Layne AS, Krehbiel LM, Mankowski RT, Anton SD, Leeuwenburgh C, Pahor M, Sandesara B, Wu SS, Buford TW. Resveratrol and exercise to treat functional limitations in late life: design of a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 6:58-63. [PMID: 28944303 PMCID: PMC5608101 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function declines with age and is a key factor in the maintenance of physical function among older adults. Research studies from animals and humans have consistently demonstrated that exercise improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in early and middle adulthood. However, mitochondrial adaptations to both acute and chronic exercise are attenuated in late life. Thus, there is an important need to identify adjuvant therapies capable of augmenting mitochondrial adaptations to exercise (e.g. improved mitochondrial respiration, muscle mitochondria biogenesis) among older adults. This study is investigating the potential of resveratrol supplementation for this purpose. The objective of this randomized, double-masked pilot trial is to evaluate the efficacy of resveratrol supplementation combined with a comprehensive supervised exercise program exercise for improving physical function among older adults. Moderately functioning, sedentary participants aged ≥60 years will perform 24 sessions (2 day/wk for 12 weeks) of center-based walking and resistance training and are randomly assigned to receive either (1) 500 mg/day resveratrol (2) 1000 mg/day resveratrol or (3) placebo. Study dependent outcomes include changes in 1) knee extensor strength, 2) objective measures of physical function (e.g. 4m walk test, Short Physical Performance Battery), 3) subjective measures of physical function assessed by Late Life Function and Disability Instrument, and 4) skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. This study will provide novel information regarding the therapeutic potential of resveratrol supplementation combined with exercise while also informing about the long-term clinical viability of the intervention by evaluating participant safety and willingness to engage in the intervention.
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47
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Lund J, Rustan AC, Løvsletten NG, Mudry JM, Langleite TM, Feng YZ, Stensrud C, Brubak MG, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI, Kolnes KJ, Johansen EI, Tangen DS, Stadheim HK, Gulseth HL, Krook A, Kase ET, Jensen J, Thoresen GH. Exercise in vivo marks human myotubes in vitro: Training-induced increase in lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175441. [PMID: 28403174 PMCID: PMC5389842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical activity has preventive as well as therapeutic benefits for overweight subjects. In this study we aimed to examine effects of in vivo exercise on in vitro metabolic adaptations by studying energy metabolism in cultured myotubes isolated from biopsies taken before and after 12 weeks of extensive endurance and strength training, from healthy sedentary normal weight and overweight men. METHODS Healthy sedentary men, aged 40-62 years, with normal weight (body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. Fatty acid and glucose metabolism were studied in myotubes using [14C]oleic acid and [14C]glucose, respectively. Gene and protein expressions, as well as DNA methylation were measured for selected genes. RESULTS The 12-week training intervention improved endurance, strength and insulin sensitivity in vivo, and reduced the participants' body weight. Biopsy-derived cultured human myotubes after exercise showed increased total cellular oleic acid uptake (30%), oxidation (46%) and lipid accumulation (34%), as well as increased fractional glucose oxidation (14%) compared to cultures established prior to exercise. Most of these exercise-induced increases were significant in the overweight group, whereas the normal weight group showed no change in oleic acid or glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS 12 weeks of combined endurance and strength training promoted increased lipid and glucose metabolism in biopsy-derived cultured human myotubes, showing that training in vivo are able to induce changes in human myotubes that are discernible in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lund
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils G. Løvsletten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan M. Mudry
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torgrim M. Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuan Z. Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stensrud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari G. Brubak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I. Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo, University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristoffer J. Kolnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil I. Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel S. Tangen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans K. Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne L. Gulseth
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo, University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Krook
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eili T. Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Dinas PC, Lahart IM, Timmons JA, Svensson PA, Koutedakis Y, Flouris AD, Metsios GS. Effects of physical activity on the link between PGC-1a and FNDC5 in muscle, circulating Ιrisin and UCP1 of white adipocytes in humans: A systematic review. F1000Res 2017; 6:286. [PMID: 28620456 PMCID: PMC5461915 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11107.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise may activate a brown adipose-like phenotype in white adipose tissue. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the effects of physical activity on the link between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in muscle, circulating Irisin and uncoupling protein one (UCP1) of white adipocytes in humans. Methods: Two databases (PubMed 1966 to 08/2016 and EMBASE 1974 to 08/2016) were searched using an appropriate algorithm. We included articles that examined physical activity and/or exercise in humans that met the following criteria: a) PGC-1a in conjunction with FNDC5 measurements, and b) FNDC5 and/or circulating Irisin and/or UCP1 levels in white adipocytes. Results: We included 51 studies (12 randomised controlled trials) with 2474 participants. Out of the 51 studies, 16 examined PGC-1a and FNDC5 in response to exercise, and only four found increases in both PGC-1a and FNDC5 mRNA and one showed increased FNDC5 mRNA. In total, 22 out of 45 studies that examined circulating Irisin in response to exercise showed increased concentrations when ELISA techniques were used; two studies also revealed increased Irisin levels measured via mass spectrometry. Three studies showed a positive association of circulating Irisin with physical activity levels. One study found no exercise effects on UCP1 mRNA in white adipocytes. Conclusions: The effects of physical activity on the link between PGC-1a, FNDC5 mRNA in muscle and UCP1 in white human adipocytes has attracted little scientific attention. Current methods for Irisin identification lack precision and, therefore, the existing evidence does not allow for conclusions to be made regarding Irisin responses to physical activity. We found a contrast between standardised review methods and accuracy of the measurements used. This should be considered in future systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros C. Dinas
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - Ian M. Lahart
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
| | - James A. Timmons
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
- Institute for Research and Technology, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - George S. Metsios
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
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Dinas PC, Lahart IM, Timmons JA, Svensson PA, Koutedakis Y, Flouris AD, Metsios GS. Effects of physical activity on the link between PGC-1a and FNDC5 in muscle, circulating Ιrisin and UCP1 of white adipocytes in humans: A systematic review. F1000Res 2017; 6:286. [PMID: 28620456 PMCID: PMC5461915 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11107.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise may activate a brown adipose-like phenotype in white adipose tissue. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the effects of physical activity on the link between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in muscle, circulating Irisin and uncoupling protein one (UCP1) of white adipocytes in humans. Methods: Two databases (PubMed 1966 to 08/2016 and EMBASE 1974 to 08/2016) were searched using an appropriate algorithm. We included articles that examined physical activity and/or exercise in humans that met the following criteria: a) PGC-1a in conjunction with FNDC5 measurements, and b) FNDC5 and/or circulating Irisin and/or UCP1 levels in white adipocytes. Results: We included 51 studies (12 randomised controlled trials) with 2474 participants. Out of the 51 studies, 16 examined PGC-1a and FNDC5 in response to exercise, and only four found increases in both PGC-1a and FNDC5 mRNA and one showed increased FNDC5 mRNA. In total, 22 out of 45 studies that examined circulating Irisin in response to exercise showed increased concentrations when ELISA techniques were used; two studies also revealed increased Irisin levels measured via mass spectrometry. Three studies showed a positive association of circulating Irisin with physical activity levels. One study found no exercise effects on UCP1 mRNA in white adipocytes. Conclusions: The effects of physical activity on the link between PGC-1a, FNDC5 mRNA in muscle and UCP1 in white human adipocytes has attracted little scientific attention. Current methods for Irisin identification lack precision and, therefore, the existing evidence does not allow for conclusions to be made regarding Irisin responses to physical activity. We found a contrast between standardised review methods and accuracy of the measurements used. This should be considered in future systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros C. Dinas
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - Ian M. Lahart
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
| | - James A. Timmons
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
- Institute for Research and Technology, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - George S. Metsios
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
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Barbosa de Queiroz K, Honorato-Sampaio K, Rossoni Júnior JV, Andrade Leal D, Pinto ABG, Kappes-Becker L, Evangelista EA, Guerra-Sá R. Physical activity prevents alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and glucometabolic parameters in a high-sugar diet model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172103. [PMID: 28199417 PMCID: PMC5310863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise is a remarkable intervention for the treatment of many diseases. Mitochondrial changes on skeletal muscle are likely important for many of the benefits provided by exercise. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects that a regular physical activity (swimming without workload) has on mitochondrial morphological alterations and glucometabolic parameters induced by a high-sugar diet (HSD). Weaned male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet or a HSD (68% carbohydrate) were subjected to 60 minutes of regular physical activity by swimming (without workload) for four- (20 sessions) or eight-week (40 sessions) periods. After training, animals were euthanized and the sera, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles were collected for further analysis. The HSD increased body weight after an 8-week period; it also increased the fat pads and the adipose index, resulting in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure in the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and an increase in protein carbonylation. Regular physical activity partially reverted these alterations in rats fed a HSD, preventing mitochondrial morphological alterations and IR. Moreover, we observed a decrease in Pgc1α expression (qPCR analysis) in STD-EXE group and a less pronounced reduction in HSD-EXE group after an 8-week period. Thus, regular physical activity (swimming without workload) in rats fed a HSD can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and IR, highlighting the crucial role for physical activity on metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio
- Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Joamyr Victor Rossoni Júnior
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Metabólica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Diego Andrade Leal
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Lenice Kappes-Becker
- Centro de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elisio Alberto Evangelista
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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