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Jawandhiya P, Gupta A. NELL-1 membranous nephropathy due to mercury exposure from fairness cream: Report of two cases. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024. [PMID: 39397329 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Mercury contained in beauty-enhancing cosmetics can cause chronic poisoning and membranous nephropathy (MN). We report two cases of nephrotic syndrome caused by MN with evidence of mercury poisoning due to the application of fairness cream in a short duration of a few months. The individuals were positive for neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 [NELL-1]. Discontinuation of the use of cosmetic products and modified Ponticelli regimen improved the nephrotic state in these individuals. We suggest that mercury poisoning should be considered in NELL-1-positive individuals with a history of application of beauty products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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2
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen Z, Chang Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Li X, Zha X, Sun G, Li Y. Triclocarban disrupts the activation and differentiation of human CD8 + T cells by suppressing the vitamin D receptor signaling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:136096. [PMID: 39383692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely applied environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). Similar to most of EDCs, TCC potentially damages the immunity of various species. However, whether and how TCC impacts the adaptive immunity in mammals has yet to be determined. Herein, we discovered that TCC disrupts the activation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells in primary human peripheral blood samples, purified CD8+ T cells, and in mice in vivo. Mechanistically, TCC might block the activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and reduce the synthesis of cholesterol, a precursor of vitamin D, resulting in inhibition of VDR signaling due to the suppression of both its ligand and the receptor itself by TCC. Our findings elucidate the hazard and potential mechanisms of TCC in mammalian adaptive immunity and highlighted VDR as a potential therapeutic target for the immunodeficiency caused by TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China; Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiafan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiming Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guodong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China.
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Sonne C, Alstrup AKO, Pagh S, Thøstesen CB, Jensen TH, Jensen TK, Galatius A, Kyhn L, Søndergaard J, Siebert U, Lakemeyer J, Dietz R. Gross pathology and liver mercury concentrations in harbour porpoises, harbour seals and grey seals in Denmark, Northern Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176662. [PMID: 39362555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the first investigation of gross pathology and mercury (Hg) in liver tissue from harbour porpoises, harbour seals and grey seals from Denmark, Northern Europe. Mercury concentrations ranged between 0.2 and 248 μg/g wet weight (ww) with highest concentrations found in grey seals and subadult harbour seals from the Baltic Sea, with no relationship to body condition. Necropsy findings across all three species decreasing in the following order: pneumonia (n = 60) > respiratory parasitism (n = 56) > wounds (n = 18) > GI-parasites (stomach nematodes and/or parasitic colitis) (n = 16) > ectoparasites (skin lice) (n = 12) > hepatic parasites/lesions (n = 8) > focal alopecia (n = 5) > nephropathy (n = 4) > middle ear complex parasites (n = 3) > nasal parasites (n = 2). Heart and/or lung worms were significantly highest in subadult harbour porpoises, GI parasites and nephropathy significantly lowest in subadult harbour seals and focal alopecia significantly highest in subadult harbour seals. Most cases of pneumonia were associated with respiratory parasites (68 %), while nine cases of wounds led to signs of septicaemia. Significant positive relationships were observed between Hg and the presence of respiratory parasites in subadult harbour porpoises and between Hg and the presence of focal alopecia, nephropathy, and gastrointestinal parasites in subadult harbour seals. Levels of Hg were in the categories for low risk (16-64 μg/g ww) in 18 %, moderate risk (64-83 μg/g ww) in 3 %, high risk (83-123 μg/g ww) in 2 % and severe risk (>123 μg/g ww) in 3 % of all individuals for health effects in marine mammals. In conclusion, using marine mammals as integrative sentinel species for Danish North Sea, Inner Danish Waters and the Baltic Sea ecosystems provides monitoring of ocean health in terms of multiple stressors such as anthropogenic contaminants and infectious diseases all being important in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Sussie Pagh
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Hammer Jensen
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Tim Kåre Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Pathobiology, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Veterinary Institute, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anders Galatius
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Line Kyhn
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Werftstr. 6, DE-25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Jan Lakemeyer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Werftstr. 6, DE-25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Wei R, Wei P, Yuan H, Yi X, Aschner M, Jiang YM, Li SJ. Inflammation in Metal-Induced Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4459-4481. [PMID: 38206494 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Essential metals play critical roles in maintaining human health as they participate in various physiological activities. Nonetheless, both excessive accumulation and deficiency of these metals may result in neurotoxicity secondary to neuroinflammation and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Activation of these cells can promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is well known that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in metal-induced neurotoxicity as well as the development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Initially seen as a defense mechanism, persistent inflammatory responses are now considered harmful. Astrocytes and microglia are key regulators of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system, and their excessive activation may induce sustained neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to emphasize the important role and molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced neurotoxicity. Our objective is to raise the awareness on metal-induced neuroinflammation in neurological disorders. However, it is not only just neuroinflammation that different metals could induce; they can also cause harm to the nervous system through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, to name a few. The primary pathophysiological mechanism by which these metals induce neurological disorders remains to be determined. In addition, given the various pathways through which individuals are exposed to metals, it is necessary to also consider the effects of co-exposure to multiple metals on neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruokun Wei
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiqi Wei
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- The Department of Molecular Pharmacology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Choi MY, Costenbader KH, Fritzler MJ. Environment and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an overview and future directions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1456145. [PMID: 39318630 PMCID: PMC11419994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1456145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite progress in our understanding of disease pathogenesis for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), these diseases are still associated with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Much of the strongest evidence to date implicating environmental factors in the development of autoimmunity has been based on well-established, large, longitudinal prospective cohort studies. Methods Herein, we review the current state of knowledge on known environmental factors associated with the development of SARD and potential areas for future research. Results The risk attributable to any particular environmental factor ranges from 10-200%, but exposures are likely synergistic in altering the immune system in a complex interplay of epigenetics, hormonal factors, and the microbiome leading to systemic inflammation and eventual organ damage. To reduce or forestall the progression of autoimmunity, a better understanding of disease pathogenesis is still needed. Conclusion Owing to the complexity and multifactorial nature of autoimmune disease, machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence, is increasingly utilized as an approach to analyzing large datasets. Future studies that identify patients who are at high risk of developing autoimmune diseases for prevention trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y Choi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Department of Medicine, Div of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Kirichuk AA, Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Barbosa F, Farina M, Tinkov AA. Trends of hair Hg accumulation in reproductive-age women living in Central Russia and the calculated costs of Hg-induced IQ loss in the period between 2005 and 2021. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127493. [PMID: 38986393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate hair mercury (Hg) content in reproductive-age women living in Central Russia (Moscow and Moscow region), and to calculate the potential costs of the potential Hg-induced IQ loss in a hypothetical national birth cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36,263 occupationally non-exposed women aged between 20 and 40 years living in Moscow (n = 30,626) or Moscow region (n = 5637) in the period between 2005 and 2021 participated in this study. Hair Hg content was evaluated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hair Hg levels in reproductive-age women were used for assessment of the potential IQ loss and its costs. RESULTS The results demonstrate that hair Hg content in the periods between 2010 and 2015, and 2016-2021 was significantly lower than that in 2005-2009 by 26 % and 51 %, respectively. The highest hair Hg level was observed in women in 2005 (0.855 µg/g), being more than 2.5-fold higher than the lowest value observed in 2020 (0.328 µg/g). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant inverse association between the year of analysis and hair Hg content (β = -0.288; p < 0.001). The calculations demonstrate that in 2005 the costs of IQ loss in children exceeded 1.0 (1.6) billion USD, whereas in 2020 the costs of IQ loss accounted to approximately 0.15 (0.28) billion USD. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data demonstrate that Hg accumulation in reproductive-age women reduced significantly in Russia from 2005 to 2021 resulting in predicted economic benefits by decreasing the costs of Hg-induced IQ loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow 119146, Russia; Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow 119146, Russia.
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7
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Obeng-Gyasi E, Obeng-Gyasi B. Association of combined lead, cadmium, and mercury with systemic inflammation. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1385500. [PMID: 39267632 PMCID: PMC11390544 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to environmental metals has been increasingly associated with systemic inflammation, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including those with neurodegenerative aspects. However, the complexity of exposure and response relationships, particularly for mixtures of metals, has not been fully elucidated. Objective This study aims to assess the individual and combined effects of lead, cadmium, and mercury exposure on systemic inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Methods We employed Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to analyze the NHANES 2017-2018 data, allowing for the evaluation of non-linear exposure-response functions and interactions between metals. Posterior Inclusion Probabilities (PIP) were calculated to determine the significance of each metal's contribution to CRP levels. Results The PIP results highlighted mercury's significant contribution to CRP levels (PIP = 1.000), followed by cadmium (PIP = 0.6456) and lead (PIP = 0.3528). Group PIP values confirmed the importance of considering the metals as a collective group in relation to CRP levels. Our BKMR analysis revealed non-linear relationships between metal exposures and CRP levels. Univariate analysis showed a flat relationship between lead and CRP, with cadmium having a positive relationship. Mercury exhibited a U-shaped association, indicating both low and high exposures as potential risk factors for increased inflammation. Bivariate analysis confirmed this relationship when contaminants were combined with lead and cadmium. Analysis of single-variable effects suggested that cadmium and lead are associated with higher values of the h function, a flexible function that takes multiple metals and combines them in a way that captures the complex and potentially nonlinear relationship between the metals and CRP. The overall exposure effect of all metals on CRP revealed that exposures below the 50th percentile exposure level are associated with an increase in CRP levels, while exposures above the 60th percentile are linked to a decrease in CRP levels. Conclusions Our findings suggest that exposure to environmental metals, particularly mercury, is associated with systemic inflammation. These results highlight the need for public health strategies that address the cumulative effects of metal exposure and reinforce the importance of using advanced statistical methods to understand the health impact of environmental contaminants. Future research should focus on the mechanistic pathways of metal-induced inflammation and longitudinal studies to ascertain the long-term effects of these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Zhang B, Guo Y, Lu Y, Ma D, Wang X, Zhang L. Bibliometric and visualization analysis of the application of inorganic nanomaterials to autoimmune diseases. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3981-4005. [PMID: 38979695 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To conduct bibliometric analysis of the application of inorganic nanomaterials to autoimmune diseases to characterize current research trends and to visualize past and emerging trends in this field in the past 15 years. Methods: The evolution and thematic trends of the application of inorganic nanomaterials to autoimmune diseases from January 1, 1985, to March 15, 2024, were analyzed by bibliometric analysis of data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. A total of 734 relevant reports in the literature were evaluated according to specific characteristics such as year of publication, journal, institution, country/region, references, and keywords. VOSviewer was used to build co-authorship analysis, co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, and network visualization. Some important subtopics identified by bibliometric characterization are further discussed and reviewed. Result: From 2009 to 2024, annual publications worldwide increased from 11 to 95, an increase of 764%. ACS Nano published the most papers (14) with the most citations (1372). China (230 papers, 4922 citations) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (36 papers, 718 citations) are the most productive and influential country and institution, respectively. The first 100 keywords were co-clustered to form four clusters: (1) the application of inorganic nanomaterials in drug delivery, (2) the application of inorganic nano-biosensing to autoimmune diseases, (3) the use of inorganic nanomaterials for imaging applied to autoimmune diseases, and (4) the application of inorganic nanomaterials in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Combination therapy, microvesicles, photothermal therapy (PTT), targeting, diagnostics, transdermal, microneedling, silver nanoparticles, psoriasis, and inflammatory cytokines are the latest high-frequency keywords, marking the emerging frontier of inorganic nanomaterials in the field of autoimmune diseases. Sub-topics were further discussed to help researchers determine the scope of research topics and plan research directions. Conclusion: Over the past 39 years, the application of inorganic nanotechnology to the field of autoimmune diseases shows extensive cooperation between countries and institutions, showing a continuous increase in the number of reports in the literature, and has clinical translation prospects. Future research should further improve the safety of inorganic nanomaterials, clarify the mechanism of action of nanomaterials, establish a standardized nanomaterial preparation and performance evaluation system, and ultimately achieve the goal of early detection and precise treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xiahui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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Pamphlett R, Bishop DP. Elemental biomapping of human tissues suggests toxic metals such as mercury play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1420451. [PMID: 38974240 PMCID: PMC11224479 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1420451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxic metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium have multiple carcinogenic capacities, including the ability to damage DNA and incite inflammation. Environmental toxic metals have long been suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer, but convincing evidence from epidemiological studies that toxic metals are risk factors for common neoplasms has been difficult to gain. Another approach is to map the location of potentially toxic elements in normal human cells where common cancers originate, as well as in the cancers themselves. In this Perspective, studies are summarized that have used elemental biomapping to detect toxic metals such as mercury in human cells. Two elemental biomapping techniques, autometallography and laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry imaging, have shown that multiple toxic metals exist in normal human cells that are particularly prone to developing cancer, and are also seen in neoplastic cells of breast and pancreatic tumors. Biomapping studies of animals exposed to toxic metals show that these animals take up toxic metals in the same cells as humans. The finding of toxic metals such as mercury in human cells prone to cancer could explain the increasing global incidence of many cancers since toxic metals continue to accumulate in the environment. The role of toxic metals in cancer remains to be confirmed experimentally, but to decrease cancer risk a precautionary approach would be to reduce emissions of mercury and other toxic metals into the environment from industrial and mining activities and from the burning of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Milanković V, Tasić T, Leskovac A, Petrović S, Mitić M, Lazarević-Pašti T, Novković M, Potkonjak N. Metals on the Menu-Analyzing the Presence, Importance, and Consequences. Foods 2024; 13:1890. [PMID: 38928831 PMCID: PMC11203375 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metals are integral components of the natural environment, and their presence in the food supply is inevitable and complex. While essential metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper are crucial for various physiological functions and must be consumed through the diet, others, like lead, mercury, and cadmium, are toxic even at low concentrations and pose serious health risks. This study comprehensively analyzes the presence, importance, and consequences of metals in the food chain. We explore the pathways through which metals enter the food supply, their distribution across different food types, and the associated health implications. By examining current regulatory standards for maximum allowable levels of various metals, we highlight the importance of ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Furthermore, this research underscores the need for continuous monitoring and management of metal content in food, especially as global agricultural and food production practices evolve. Our findings aim to inform dietary recommendations, food fortification strategies, and regulatory policies, ultimately contributing to safer and more nutritionally balanced diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milanković
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Tamara Tasić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Andreja Leskovac
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Sandra Petrović
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Miloš Mitić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Mirjana Novković
- Group for Muscle Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Potkonjak
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
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11
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Silswal A, P. K, Koner AL. Review on Lysosomal Metal Ion Detection Using Fluorescent Probes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13494-13508. [PMID: 38559936 PMCID: PMC10975597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions are indispensable and play an important role in living systems. Metal ions coordinated to metalloenzymes pocket activate the bound substrate and labile metal ions maintaining the ionic balance. The amount of metal ions present in various subcellular compartments of the cells is highly regulated for maintaining cellular homeostasis. An imbalance in the metal ion concentration is related to several diseases and results in serious pathological conditions. Mostly the internalized metal ions are processed in the lysosomal compartment of the cell. A delicate regulation of metal ions in the lysosomal compartment can modulate the lysosomal pH and inhibit hydrolytic enzymes, which ultimately causes lysosomal storage disorders. In the past decade, the understanding and regulation of lysosomal metal ions based on fluorometric methods have gained significant attention. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the development of various fluorescent reporters over the past five years for a selective and sensitive estimation of lysosomal metal ion concentration. We believe this consolidated and timely review will help researchers working in the areas associated with lysosomal metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya
Pradesh India
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12
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Armon-Omer A, Mansor T, Edelstein M, Bukovetzky E, Groisman L, Rorman E, Nov AS, Shahien R. Association between multiple sclerosis and urinary levels of toxic metals and organophosphates: A cross-sectional study in Israel. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105445. [PMID: 38242049 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of uncertain etiology damaging myelin sheaths around axons of the central nervous system. Myelin protects the axon from potentially harmful exogenous factors. The aetiological role of environmental exposure metals and organophosphates is unclear. OBJECTIVE Identify whether urinary levels of metals and organophosphates differed in MS patients and controls. METHODS We recruited MS patients from Ziv Medical Centre and healthy controls. MS patients were evaluated according to Expanded Disability Status Scale into mild and moderate-severe conditions. Each participant provided a urine sample and completed epidemiological questionnaires. The levels of six metal (Aluminum, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel) and one metalloid (Arsenic) and common organophosphates pesticide metabolites (6 dialkylphosphates, DAP) were measured in urine using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. We compared cases with controls in terms of urinary levels of these compounds using Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests. RESULTS Urinary cadmium and mercury levels were higher in the 49 MS patients than the 37 controls (p < 0.01). Cadmium levels were higher in moderate-severe MS patients (n = 24) than mild MS patients (n = 25) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Urinary cadmium and mercury levels were higher among MS patients than controls. Cadmium levels correlated with disease severity. Further studies are needed to explore potential causal pathways between these compounds and MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Mansor
- Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel
| | - Michael Edelstein
- Ziv Medical Center, Research Institute, Zefat, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | | | - Luda Groisman
- National Public Health Laboratories, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Rorman
- National Public Health Laboratories, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Radi Shahien
- Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Zefat, Israel.
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13
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Santiago MSA, Avellar MCW, Perobelli JE. Could the gut microbiota be capable of making individuals more or less susceptible to environmental toxicants? Toxicology 2024; 503:153751. [PMID: 38354972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants are chemical substances capable to impair environmental quality and exert adverse effects on humans and other animals. The main routes of exposure to these pollutants are through the respiratory tract, skin, and oral ingestion. When ingested orally, they will encounter trillions of microorganisms that live in a community - the gut microbiota (GM). While pollutants can disrupt the GM balance, GM plays an essential role in the metabolism and bioavailability of these chemical compounds. Under physiological conditions, strategies used by the GM for metabolism and/or excretion of xenobiotics include reductive and hydrolytic transformations, lyase and functional group transfer reactions, and enzyme-mediated functional transformations. Simultaneously, the host performs metabolic processes based mainly on conjugation, oxidation, and hydrolysis reactions. Thus, due to the broad variety of bacterial enzymes present in GM, the repertoire of microbial transformations of chemicals is considered a key component of the machinery involved in the metabolism of pollutants in humans and other mammals. Among pollutants, metals deserve special attention once contamination by metals is a worldwide problem, and their adverse effects can be observed even at very low concentrations due to their toxic properties. In this review, bidirectional interaction between lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury and the host organism and its GM will be discussed given the most recent literature, presenting an analysis of the ability of GM to alter the host organism's susceptibility to the toxic effects of heavy metals, as well as evaluating the extent to which interventions targeting the microbiota could be potential initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects resulting from poisoning by heavy metals. This study is the first to highlight the overlap between some of the bacteria found to be altered by metal exposure and the bacteria that also aid the host organism in the metabolism of these metals. This could be a key factor to determine the beneficial species able to minimize the toxicity of metals in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella S A Santiago
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Christina W Avellar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil.
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14
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Saldaña-Villanueva K, González-Palomo AK, Méndez-Rodríguez KB, Gavilán-García A, Benítez-Arvizu G, Diaz-Barriga F, Alcantara-Quintana L, Pérez-Vázquez FJ. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in mercury mining workers in a precarious situation: A preliminary study. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:134-143. [PMID: 38289205 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241229471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental xenobiotic; the primary sources of exposure to this metal are artisanal gold mining and the direct production of mercury. In Mexico, artisanal mercury mining continues to be an important activity in different regions of the country. Exposure to mercury vapors releases can have severe health impacts, including immunotoxic effects such as alterations in cytokine profiling. Therefore, in the present work, we evaluated the inflammatory cytokines profile in the blood serum of miners exposed to mercury. A cross-sectional observational study was performed on 27 mining workers (exposed group) and 20 control subjects (nonexposed group) from central Mexico. The mercury urine concentration (U-Hg) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured using a Multiplex Assay. The results showed that the U-Hg in the miners had a median value of 552.70 μg/g creatinine. All cytokines showed a significant increase in the miner group compared with the control group, except for TNF-α. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between U-Hg concentration and cytokine levels. In conclusion, mercury exposure correlated with cytokine levels (considered acute inflammatory marker) in miners; therefore, workers exposed to this metal show an acute systemic inflammation that could lead to alterations in other organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Saldaña-Villanueva
- Coordinación Para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Ana K González-Palomo
- Coordinación Para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Karen B Méndez-Rodríguez
- Coordinación Para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Arturo Gavilán-García
- Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gamaliel Benítez-Arvizu
- Banco de Sangre Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Diaz-Barriga
- Coordinación Para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Luz Alcantara-Quintana
- Coordinación Para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación Para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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15
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Li J, Sun Y, Li G, Cheng C, Sui X, Wu Q. The Extraction, Determination, and Bioactivity of Curcumenol: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:656. [PMID: 38338400 PMCID: PMC10856406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcuma wenyujin is a member of the Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary, Zingiberaceae) family, which has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its abundant biologically active constituents. Curcumenol, a component of Curcuma wenyujin, has several biological activities. At present, despite different pharmacological activities being reported, the clinical usage of curcumenol remains under investigation. To further determine the characteristics of curcumenol, the extraction, determination, and bioactivity of the compound are summarized in this review. Existing research has reported that curcumenol exerts different pharmacological effects in regard to a variety of diseases, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bactericidal, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activity, and also ameliorates osteoporosis. This review of curcumenol provides a theoretical basis for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (J.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Yitian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (J.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (J.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chunsong Cheng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (J.L.)
- Zhuhai M.U.S.T. Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Fadhila AN, Pramono BA, Muniroh M. Mercury and cadmium-induced inflammatory cytokines activation and its effect on the risk of preeclampsia: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2023-0083. [PMID: 37978836 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been an increase in exposure to heavy metals that can affect human health and the environment, especially mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd). These exposures can pollute the rivers or oceans, then contaminating marine organisms. Humans as the last consumer of this food chain cycle can be a place for the bioaccumulation of Hg and Cd, especially for people living in coastal areas, including pregnant women. Exposure to heavy metals Hg and Cd can have a high risk of triggering blood vessel disorders, penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the placental barrier, one of which can increase the risk of preeclampsia. Several immunological biomarkers such as some cytokines associated with Hg and Cd exposure are also involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, which are the placental implantation process and endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women. Therefore, countries that have a high incidence of preeclampsia should be aware of the environmental factors, especially heavy metal pollution such as Hg and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya N Fadhila
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Besari A Pramono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Muflihatul Muniroh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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17
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Tang M, Zhao Y, Zhai Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Wu J, He L, Yao Y, Xue P, He M, Xu Y, Feng S, Qu W, Zhang Y. Mercury chloride activates the IFNγ-IRF1 signaling in myeloid progenitors and promotes monopoiesis in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122583. [PMID: 37741541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury (Hg2+) is a highly toxic heavy metal in the environment. To date, the impacts of Hg2+ on the development of monocytes, or monopoiesis, have not been fully addressed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of Hg2+ on monopoiesis. In this study, we treated B10.S mice and DBA/2 mice with 10 μM or 50 μM HgCl2 via drinking water for 4 wk, and we then evaluated the development of monocytes. Treatment with 50 μM HgCl2, but not 10 μM HgCl2, increased the number of monocytes in the blood, spleen and bone marrow (BM) of B10.S mice. Accordingly, treatment with 50 μM HgCl2, but not 10 μM HgCl2, increased the number of common myeloid progenitors (CMP) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP) in the BM. Functional analyses indicated that treatment with 50 μM HgCl2 promoted the differentiation of CMP and GMP to monocytes in the BM of B10.S mice. Mechanistically, treatment with 50 μM HgCl2 induced the production of IFNγ, which activated the Jak1/3-STAT1/3-IRF1 signaling in CMP and GMP and enhanced their differentiation potential for monocytes in the BM, thus likely leading to increased number of mature monocytes in B10.S mice. Moreover, the increased monopoiesis by Hg2+ was associated with the increased inflammatory status in B10.S mice. In contrast, treatment with 50 μM HgCl2 did not impact the monopoiesis in DBA/2 mice. Our study reveals the impact of Hg on the development of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Tang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leyi He
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110121, China
| | - Ye Yao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaoqing Feng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Wu J, Wang K, Tao F, Li Q, Luo X, Xia F. The association of blood metals with latent tuberculosis infection among adults and adolescents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1259902. [PMID: 38024374 PMCID: PMC10655142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1259902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship of metal exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among US adults and adolescents. Methods Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2011 ~ 2012) were included. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between metal exposure and LTBI. A total of 5,248 adults and 1,860 adolescents were included in the present analysis. Results For adults, we only found a positive association between total mercury and LTBI (OR: 1.411; 95% CI: 1.164 ~ 1.710) when used as a continuous variable. Compared with Q1, Q4 increased the prevalence of LTBI (2.303; 1.455 ~ 3.644) when used as a quartile. The OR of total mercury and LTBI was higher among females (1.517; 1.009 ~ 2.279), individuals aged 45 ~ 64 (1.457; 1.060 ~ 2.002), and non-Hispanic White individuals (1.773; 1.316 ~ 2.388). A relationship was observed among only participants with obesity (1.553; 1.040 ~ 2.319) or underweight (1.380; 1.076 ~ 1.771), with college or above (1.645; 1.184 ~ 2.286), with PIR > 3.0 (1.701; 1.217 ~ 2.376), reported smoking (1.535; 1.235 ~ 1.907) and drinking (1.464; 1.232 ~ 1.739). For adolescents, blood manganese was positively associated with LTBI. The OR and 95% CIs for each one-unit increase in the log-transformed level of blood manganese with LTBI were 9.954 (1.389 ~ 71.344). Conclusion Significant associations were observed in girls, aged ≥12 years and in the non-Hispanic white population. In conclusion, total mercury is associated with an increased prevalence of LTBI among adults and positive association between blood manganese and LTBI was observed among adolescents. Further studies should be conducted to verify the results and explore potential biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Luo
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
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19
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Singh M, Kumar J. Flourescence sensors for heavy metal detection: major contaminants in soil and water bodies. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1829-1838. [PMID: 37531068 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing consumption of heavy metals, there is a rising need for specific and useful methods that are employed for the detection of heavy metals. Fluorescence sensing is a highly selective, rapid and biosensing technique that is employed in the determination of some heavy metals in any sample of soil or water, any other living person, the food being consumed or any other substance which are being used daily. These fluorescent methods are a type of analytical technique and they are mainly based on detection. Many types of metal conjugated molecules have been used of the detection of these heavy metals with various mechanisms. We have taken into account some specific sensor molecules as they were more suitable and easily accessible. These techniques that were employed in the detection of various heavy metals such as copper, lead and mercury have been discussed in the following review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - J Kumar
- Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
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20
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Mouliou DS. C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians. Diseases 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37873776 PMCID: PMC10594506 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of various diseases is presented, of all cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, renal, gynecological, andrological, dental, oral, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, mental, splenic, thyroid conditions, as well as infections, autoimmune-supposed conditions and neoplasms, including other possible factors that have been linked with elevated concentrations of that protein. Moreover, data on molecular diagnostics on CRP are discussed, and possible etiologies of false test results are highlighted. Additionally, this review evaluates all current pieces of evidence on CRP and systemic inflammation, and highlights future goals. Finally, a novel diagnostic algorithm to carefully assess the CRP level for a precise diagnosis of a medical condition is illustrated.
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21
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Nguyen HD. Exposure to mixed chemicals elevated triiodothyronine (T3) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels: epidemiology and in silico toxicogenomic involvement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88803-88823. [PMID: 37442928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of evidence on the effects of a mixture of numerous different types of chemicals on hormone functions. We hypothesized that exposure to mixed chemicals may alter hormone levels. Thus, this study was to identify an association between the mixed chemicals (25 chemicals) and hormone levels (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) among 5687 Korean adults using four different statistical approaches. Furthermore, we elucidate the effects of the key chemicals on thyroid disease and infertility based on the findings from epidemiology data. The positive associations between mixed chemicals and T3 and between mixed chemicals and FSH were observed across different methods after adjusting for all possible confounders. In the weighted quantile sum regression models, there were positive associations between mixed chemicals and T3 (β = 4.43, 95%CI: 2.81-5.88) and ln-transformed FSH (lnFSH) (β = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.10-0.20). In the quantile g-computation models, positive associations were found between mixed chemicals and T3 (β=2.15, 95%CI: 0.17-4.14) and lnFSH (β=0.15, 95%CI: 0.07-0.22). In the Bayesian kernel machine regression models, culminative effects of mixed chemicals showed positive associations with T3 and lnFSH; mercury (group posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) = 0.557 and conditional PPI = 0.556) and lead (group PIP group = 0.815 and conditional PPI = 0.951) were the most important chemicals for T3 and FSH, respectively. The results obtained were partially robust when subjected to in silico toxicogenomic data. We identified several molecular mechanisms that were implicated in Hg-induced thyroid disease, including the selenium micronutrient network, oxidative stress response, IL-17 signaling pathway, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and primary hyperthyroidism. The molecular processes implicated in Pb-induced infertility were "response to nutrient levels," "gonad development," "male infertility," "female infertility," and "intrinsic pathway for apoptosis," with a particular focus on FSH. The present study investigated the threshold levels of the studied chemicals and their potential impact on the disruption of T3 and FSH hormones. Future research is warranted to determine the effects of mixed chemicals on various hormones because there have been few studies on the disruption of hormones caused by such mixed chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Pamphlett R, Bishop DP. The toxic metal hypothesis for neurological disorders. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1173779. [PMID: 37426441 PMCID: PMC10328356 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis and the major sporadic neurogenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease are considered to have both genetic and environmental components. Advances have been made in finding genetic predispositions to these disorders, but it has been difficult to pin down environmental agents that trigger them. Environmental toxic metals have been implicated in neurological disorders, since human exposure to toxic metals is common from anthropogenic and natural sources, and toxic metals have damaging properties that are suspected to underlie many of these disorders. Questions remain, however, as to how toxic metals enter the nervous system, if one or combinations of metals are sufficient to precipitate disease, and how toxic metal exposure results in different patterns of neuronal and white matter loss. The hypothesis presented here is that damage to selective locus ceruleus neurons from toxic metals causes dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. This allows circulating toxicants to enter astrocytes, from where they are transferred to, and damage, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. The type of neurological disorder that arises depends on (i) which locus ceruleus neurons are damaged, (ii) genetic variants that give rise to susceptibility to toxic metal uptake, cytotoxicity, or clearance, (iii) the age, frequency, and duration of toxicant exposure, and (iv) the uptake of various mixtures of toxic metals. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented, concentrating on studies that have examined the distribution of toxic metals in the human nervous system. Clinicopathological features shared between neurological disorders are listed that can be linked to toxic metals. Details are provided on how the hypothesis applies to multiple sclerosis and the major neurodegenerative disorders. Further avenues to explore the toxic metal hypothesis for neurological disorders are suggested. In conclusion, environmental toxic metals may play a part in several common neurological disorders. While further evidence to support this hypothesis is needed, to protect the nervous system it would be prudent to take steps to reduce environmental toxic metal pollution from industrial, mining, and manufacturing sources, and from the burning of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Department of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhang L, Du M, Tu Y, Liang D, Wu X, Xie H. Clinicopathological features and long-term prognosis of glomerular diseases associated with mercury-containing cosmetics. J Nephrol 2023; 36:1401-1407. [PMID: 37060438 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathological types and long-term prognosis of glomerular diseases related to mercury exposure are unclear. This study retrospectively examined 41 cases of glomerulonephropathy caused by mercury-containing cosmetics. METHODOLOGY Forty-one subjects with glomerular diseases presumably caused by mercury-containing cosmetics were selected. Clinical features, kidney biopsy, treatment, and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS All patients were female with an average age of 39.4 ± 6.6 years at diagnosis. Median time of exposure to mercury-containing cosmetics was six months, and average urine mercury level was 66.80 ± 38.55ug/(g·Cr). Most patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. Renal histopathology showed membranous nephropathy in 22 patients (53.65%), minimal change disease in 13 patients (31.71%), IgA nephropathy with minimal change disease in 5 patients (12.20%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 1 patient. Median time of exposure to mercury was longer and the proportion of patients with autoantibodies (mainly antinuclear antibodies) was higher in patients with membranous nephropathy. Both blood phospholipase A2 receptor -Ab and kidney tissue phospholipase A2 receptor were negative. Thirty-six patients received glucocorticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Five patients were treated with an angiotensin receptor blocker, and nine patients were treated with chelation therapy. The median follow-up time was 40 months (range 27-94). All patients achieved complete remission, and the median time to complete remission was one month. They all successfully discontinued the drugs without relapsing; withdrawal time was 26 months. CONCLUSION Membranous nephropathy was the most common pathological type in mercury-induced glomerular disease. Patients were sensitive to glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressants and achieved complete remission quickly. Contrary to primary glomerulonephritides, patients with mercury-induced glomerular diseases had no relapses after withdrawal of the mercury containing cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Mengru Du
- Naijing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuanmao Tu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Honglang Xie
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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Erdei E, Shuey C, Miller C, Hoover J, Cajero M, Lewis J. Metal mixture exposures and multiplexed autoantibody screening in Navajo communities exposed to uranium mine wastes. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 6:100201. [PMID: 37169001 PMCID: PMC10165442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental exposures to metals in uranium mining wastes and drinking water were documented in more than half of the 1304 Navajo community members of the Diné Network for Environmental Health (DiNEH) Project, the first comprehensive assessment of exposures to these metals and community health on the Navajo Nation. Objective Evaluate environmental exposures among participants who provided blood and urine samples using multiplexed autoantibody positivity as an early effect biomarker. Methods Survey and geospatial location data, well water quality, and metals biomonitoring were used to assess exposures to mixed-metal wastes from 100 abandoned uranium waste sites. Results We observed that the prevalence of multiplexed autoantibody positivity in 239 participants was more than double that reported for the U.S. population (27.2% v. 13.8%) even though the national prevalence was generated using a different assay, the HEp-2 cell-based antinuclear antibody test. Increased risk of multiplexed autoantibody screening positivity (OR = 3.07,95%CI 1.15-8.22) was found among DiNEH study people who lived close to uranium mine and milling wastes and consumed metals in drinking water. Associations for females were even stronger when they lived closed to contaminated uranium mining and milling sites. Anti-U1-RNP antibodies were associated with water consumption of nickel. Conclusion Proximity to waste sites and consumption of metals in water even below current drinking water standards were associated with perturbations of immune tolerance. These findings are consistent with previous studies of autoimmunity in the local population and demonstrate that multiplexed autoantibody screening method has a potential as sentinel indicator of exposures to environmental metals. Impact statement This is the first, community-engaged environmental health study in exposed Navajo communities that applied clinical multiplexed testing in risk assessment of environmental metals associated with abandoned, unremediated uranium mining and milling waste sites. Routine clinical autoimmunity measures could be used as early effect biomarkers of environmental metal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Erdei
- Community Environmental Health Program, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, 1 MSC 09 5360, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, 105 Stanford Drive, SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Curtis Miller
- Community Environmental Health Program, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, 1 MSC 09 5360, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Joseph Hoover
- University of Arizona Department of Environmental Sciences, 1177 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Miranda Cajero
- Community Environmental Health Program, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, 1 MSC 09 5360, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, 1 MSC 09 5360, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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25
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Ma KSK, Thota E, Huang JY, Huang YF, Wei JCC. Onset of oral lichen planus following dental treatments: A nested case-control study. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1269-1281. [PMID: 34953110 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exposure to amalgam restorations has been reported to bring about altered immunity followed by inflammation and infection. AIMS This study aimed at identifying whether patients who received restorative or endodontic treatments, or tooth extraction, would have altered odds of developing oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this population-based nested case-control study, 421 cases of OLP and 1,684 controls were included after propensity score matching. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of OLP in individuals who had received amalgam and composite resin restorations, root canal therapy, and tooth extraction over a follow-up duration of five years. RESULTS There were no significantly different odds of OLP for those who underwent either amalgam (aOR = 0.948, 95% CI = 0.853-1.053, p = 0.3170) or resin restorations (aOR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.978-1.037, p = 0.6557) in both anterior and posterior teeth in an observational period of five years after restorations. Root canal therapy was associated with significantly lower odds of OLP, with each additional root canal therapy attenuating the risk of OLP at an aOR of 0.771 (95% CI = 0.680-0.874, p = 0.0001) for both anterior (aOR = 0.786, 95% CI = 0.626-0.986, p = 0.0372) and posterior teeth (aOR = 0.762, 95% CI = 0.650-0.893, p = 0.0008). Likewise, each tooth extraction reduced the risk of OLP, with an aOR of 0.846 (95% CI = 0.772-0.927, p = 0.0003), especially for anterior teeth (aOR = 0.733, 95% CI = 0.595-0.904, p = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS We reported no significant association between dental restorations and consequent OLP, and significantly lower odds of OLP following both root canal therapy and tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eshwar Thota
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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de los Santos C, Pastor JC, Calonge M. Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1148357. [PMID: 37063600 PMCID: PMC10102333 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1148357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intoxication after mercury exposure is a rare condition that can cause severe damage to the central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, skin, and visual systems and represents a major public health concern. Ophthalmic involvement includes impaired function of the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, as well as structural changes in the ocular surface, lens, retina, and optic nerve causing a potential irreversible damage to the visual system. Although, there are many pathways for poisoning depending on the mercury form, it has been suggested that tissue distribution does not differ in experimental animals when administered as mercury vapor, organic mercury, or inorganic mercury. Additionally, visual function alterations regarding central visual acuity, color discrimination, contrast sensitivity, visual field and electroretinogram responses have also been described widely. Nevertheless, there is still controversy about whether visual manifestations occur secondary to brain damage or as a direct affectation, and which ocular structure is primarily affected. Despite the use of some imaging techniques such as in vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina and optic nerve, and functional tests such as electroretinography has helped to solve in part this debate, further studies incorporating other imaging modalities such as autofluorescence, OCT angiography or adaptive optics retinal imaging are needed. This review aims to summarize the published structural and functional alterations found in the visual system of patients suffering from mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian de los Santos
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristian de los Santos,
| | - J. Carlos Pastor
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular. Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Margarita Calonge
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular. Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Guo C, Mattingly RR, Stemmer PM, Rosenspire AJ. At low levels, inorganic mercury interference with antigen signaling is associated with modifications to a panel of novel phosphoserine sites in B cell receptor pathway proteins. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105564. [PMID: 36736710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that human and animal exposure to environmental mercury (Hg) disrupts normal immune system function, but the molecular mechanism responsible for this is still unresolved. We have previously utilized phospho-proteomic mass spectrometry to demonstrate that in the absence of B Cell Receptor (BCR) stimulation, exposure of B cells to Hg induces significant changes to a great many elements of the BCR signaling pathway in a concentration dependent manner. In this report, we have extended those initial findings by utilizing mass spectrometry to evaluate in detail the effect of low-level Hg exposure on BCR induced phospho-proteomic changes. Specifically, murine WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells were exposed to environmentally relevant levels of Hg with or without concomitant BCR stimulation. The cellular phospho-proteomes were then profiled by LC-MS/MS. We found that for low-level exposures, Hg interference with signal transduction across the BCR pathway was predominantly associated with modification of phosphorylation of 12 phosphosites located on seven different proteins. Nine sites were serine, two sites tyrosine and one site threonine. Most of these sites are novel, in the sense that only the two tyrosine and one of the serine sites have previously been reported to be associated with BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Allen J Rosenspire
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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28
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Gut as the target tissue of mercury and the extraintestinal effects. Toxicology 2023; 484:153396. [PMID: 36521575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is harmful to the environment and human health. The gut plays important roles as the biological, chemical, mechanical, and immune barriers in animals and human beings. It has been known that Hg can be absorbed and methylated/demethylated in the gut, on the other hand, the impacts of Hg to the gut (especially the gut microbiota) is less studied. This review paper summarizes the impacts of inorganic Hg (IHg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) on gut barriers and the extraintestinal effects (damage to other organs such as the liver and brain). Both IHg and MeHg were found to cause intestinal microbial disorders, abnormal metabolites production, tight junction damage, and immune responses in the gut. The damage to the gut also contributed to the extraintestinal effects like the hepatotoxicity by IHg and the neurotoxicity by MeHg. In all, it is proposed that the gut should be considered as an important target tissue of Hg exposure, and the regulation of gut microbiota may have the potential for the prevention and control of the toxicity of Hg.
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29
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Potentially toxic elements in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 36635465 PMCID: PMC9837144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements such as lead and aluminium have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), since their neurotoxic mechanisms mimic many of the pathogenetic processes in MS. We therefore examined the distribution of several potentially toxic elements in the autopsied brains of people with and without MS, using two methods of elemental bio-imaging. Toxicants detected in the locus ceruleus were used as indicators of past exposures. Autometallography of paraffin sections from multiple brain regions of 21 MS patients and 109 controls detected inorganic mercury, silver, or bismuth in many locus ceruleus neurons of both groups, and in widespread blood vessels, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons of four MS patients and one control. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of pons paraffin sections from all MS patients and 12 controls showed that combinations of iron, silver, lead, aluminium, mercury, nickel, and bismuth were present more often in the locus ceruleus of MS patients and were located predominantly in white matter tracts. Based on these results, we propose that metal toxicants in locus ceruleus neurons weaken the blood-brain barrier, enabling multiple interacting toxicants to pass through blood vessels and enter astrocytes and oligodendroglia, leading to demyelination.
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30
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Ivnitsky JJ, Schäfer TV, Rejniuk VL, Golovko AI. Endogenous humoral determinants of vascular endothelial dysfunction as triggers of acute poisoning complications. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:47-65. [PMID: 35258106 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is not only the semipermeable membrane that separates tissue from blood but also an organ that regulates inflammation, vascular tone, blood clotting, angiogenesis and synthesis of connective tissue proteins. It is susceptible to the direct cytotoxic action of numerous xenobiotics and to the acute hypoxia that accompanies acute poisoning. This damage is superimposed on the preformed state of the vascular endothelium, which, in turn, depends on many humoral factors. The probability that an exogenous toxicant will cause life-threatening dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, thereby complicating the course of acute poisoning, increases with an increase in the content of endogenous substances in the blood that disrupt endothelial function. These include ammonia, bacterial endotoxin, indoxyl sulfate, para-cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine N-oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, homocysteine, low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids and products of intravascular haemolysis. Some other endogenous substances (albumin, haptoglobin, haemopexin, biliverdin, bilirubin, tetrahydrobiopterin) or food-derived compounds (ascorbic acid, rutin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) reduce the risk of lethal vascular endothelial dysfunction. The individual variability of the content of these substances in the blood contributes to the stochasticity of the complications of acute poisoning and is a promising target for the risk reduction measures. Another feasible option may be the repositioning of drugs that affect the function of the vascular endothelium while being currently used for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jury Ju Ivnitsky
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur V Schäfer
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of the Military Medicine of Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Rejniuk
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Golovko
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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31
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Liu Y, Guo X, Yu L, Huang Y, Guo C, Li S, Yang X, Zhang Z. Luteolin alleviates inorganic mercury-induced liver injury in quails by resisting oxidative stress and promoting mercury ion excretion. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:399-408. [PMID: 36336778 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundInorganic mercury is a well-known toxic substance that can cause oxidative stress and liver damage. Luteolin (Lut) is a kind of natural antioxidant, which is widely found in plants. Therefore, we focused on exploring the alleviative effect of Lut on liver injury induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl2), and the potential molecular mechanism of eliminating mercury ions in quails.Methods and resultsTwenty-one-day-old male quails were randomly split into four groups: control group, Lut group, HgCl2 group, and HgCl2 + Lut group. The test period was 12 weeks. The results showed that Lut could significantly ameliorate oxidative stress, the release of inflammatory factors, and liver damage caused by HgCl2, and reduce the accumulation of Hg2+ in quail liver. Furthermore, Lut evidently increased the levels of protein kinase C α (PKCα), nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its downstream proteins, and inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) production in the liver of quails treated by HgCl2.ConclusionsTo sum up, our results suggest that Lut not only reduces the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, but also promotes the excretion of Hg2+ by promoting the PKCα/Nrf2 signaling pathway to alleviate HgCl2-induced liver injury in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Changming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Błażewicz A, Grabrucker AM. Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010308. [PMID: 36613749 PMCID: PMC9820494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since hundreds of years ago, metals have been recognized as impacting our body's physiology. As a result, they have been studied as a potential cure for many ailments as well as a cause of acute or chronic poisoning. However, the link between aberrant metal levels and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), is a relatively new finding, despite some evident ASD-related consequences of shortage or excess of specific metals. In this review, we will summarize past and current results explaining the pathomechanisms of toxic metals at the cellular and molecular levels that are still not fully understood. While toxic metals may interfere with dozens of physiological processes concurrently, we will focus on ASD-relevant activity such as inflammation/immune activation, mitochondrial malfunction, increased oxidative stress, impairment of axonal myelination, and synapse formation and function. In particular, we will highlight the competition with essential metals that may explain why both the presence of certain toxic metals and the absence of certain essential metals have emerged as risk factors for ASD. Although often investigated separately, through the agonistic and antagonistic effects of metals, a common metal imbalance may result in relation to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-61-237756
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Björkman L, Musial F, Alræk T, Werner EL, Hamre HJ. Mercury, silver and selenium in serum before and after removal of amalgam restorations: results from a prospective cohort study in Norway. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 81:298-310. [PMID: 36383213 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2143422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prospective cohort study on changes of health complaints after removal of amalgam restorations was carried out at the request of the Norwegian Directorate of Health. The aim was to provide and evaluate experimental treatment to patients with health complaints attributed to dental amalgam fillings. METHODS Patients (n = 32) with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS), which were attributed to dental amalgam restorations had all their amalgam restorations removed and replaced with other dental restorative materials. Samples of blood were collected before and 1 year after removal of the fillings, and concentration of inorganic mercury (I-Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), silver (Ag) and selenium (Se) in serum was determined by inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry. The comparison groups (one with MUPS but without attribution to amalgam [n = 28] and one group of healthy individuals [n = 19]) received no treatment. The participants responded to questionnaires at baseline and at follow-up after 1 and 5 years. RESULTS Concentration of I-Hg and Ag in serum decreased significantly after removal of all amalgam restorations. Concentration of MeHg and Se in serum were not changed. Intensity of health complaints was significantly reduced after amalgam removal, but there were no statistically significant correlations between exposure indicators and health complaints. CONCLUSIONS Removal of all amalgam restorations is followed by a decrease of concentration of I-Hg and Ag in serum. The results support the hypothesis that exposure to amalgam fillings causes an increase of the daily dose of both I-Hg and Ag. Even though intensity of health complaints decreased after removal of all amalgam restorations there was no clear evidence of a direct relationship between exposure and health complaints. Trial registration: The project is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01682278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Björkman
- Dental Biomaterials Adverse Reaction Unit, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frauke Musial
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Alræk
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik L. Werner
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald J. Hamre
- Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Freiburg, Germany
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Liu JL, Woo JMP, Parks CG, Costenbader KH, Jacobsen S, Bernatsky S. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk: The Role of Environmental Factors. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2022; 48:827-843. [PMID: 36332998 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease. The etiology of SLE is multifactorial and includes potential environmental triggers, which may occur sequentially (the "multi-hit" hypothesis). This review focuses on SLE risk potentially associated with environmental factors including infections, the microbiome, diet, respirable exposures (eg, crystalline silica, smoking, air pollution), organic pollutants, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li Liu
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer M P Woo
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Dietary Selenomethionine Reduce Mercury Tissue Levels and Modulate Methylmercury Induced Proteomic and Transcriptomic Alterations in Hippocampi of Adolescent BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012242. [PMID: 36293098 PMCID: PMC9603801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental contaminant, particularly harmful to the developing brain. The main human dietary exposure to MeHg occurs through seafood consumption. However, seafood also contains several nutrients, including selenium, which has been shown to interact with MeHg and potentially ameliorate its toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of selenium (as selenomethionine; SeMet) and MeHg on mercury accumulation in tissues and the effects concomitant dietary exposure of these compounds exert on the hippocampal proteome and transcriptome in mice. Adolescent male BALB/c mice were exposed to SeMet and two different doses of MeHg through their diet for 11 weeks. Organs, including the brain, were sampled for mercury analyses. Hippocampi were collected and analyzed using proteomics and transcriptomics followed by multi-omics bioinformatics data analysis. The dietary presence of SeMet reduced the amount of mercury in several organs, including the brain. Proteomic and RNA-seq analyses showed that both protein and RNA expression patterns were inversely regulated in mice receiving SeMet together with MeHg compared to MeHg alone. Several pathways, proteins and RNA transcripts involved in conditions such as immune responses and inflammation, oxidative stress, cell plasticity and Alzheimer’s disease were affected inversely by SeMet and MeHg, indicating that SeMet can ameliorate several toxic effects of MeHg in mice.
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Germolec DR, Lebrec H, Anderson SE, Burleson GR, Cardenas A, Corsini E, Elmore SE, Kaplan BL, Lawrence BP, Lehmann GM, Maier CC, McHale CM, Myers LP, Pallardy M, Rooney AA, Zeise L, Zhang L, Smith MT. Consensus on the Key Characteristics of Immunotoxic Agents as a Basis for Hazard Identification. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:105001. [PMID: 36201310 PMCID: PMC9536493 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Key characteristics (KCs), properties of agents or exposures that confer potential hazard, have been developed for carcinogens and other toxicant classes. KCs have been used in the systematic assessment of hazards and to identify assay and data gaps that limit screening and risk assessment. Many of the mechanisms through which pharmaceuticals and occupational or environmental agents modulate immune function are well recognized. Thus KCs could be identified for immunoactive substances and applied to improve hazard assessment of immunodulatory agents. OBJECTIVES The goal was to generate a consensus-based synthesis of scientific evidence describing the KCs of agents known to cause immunotoxicity and potential applications, such as assays to measure the KCs. METHODS A committee of 18 experts with diverse specialties identified 10 KCs of immunotoxic agents, namely, 1) covalently binds to proteins to form novel antigens, 2) affects antigen processing and presentation, 3) alters immune cell signaling, 4) alters immune cell proliferation, 5) modifies cellular differentiation, 6) alters immune cell-cell communication, 7) alters effector function of specific cell types, 8) alters immune cell trafficking, 9) alters cell death processes, and 10) breaks down immune tolerance. The group considered how these KCs could influence immune processes and contribute to hypersensitivity, inappropriate enhancement, immunosuppression, or autoimmunity. DISCUSSION KCs can be used to improve efforts to identify agents that cause immunotoxicity via one or more mechanisms, to develop better testing and biomarker approaches to evaluate immunotoxicity, and to enable a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of adverse effects of exposures on the immune system. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori R. Germolec
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Herve Lebrec
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stacey E. Anderson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gary R. Burleson
- Burleson Research Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah E. Elmore
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Barbara L.F. Kaplan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Geniece M. Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Curtis C. Maier
- In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - L. Peyton Myers
- Division of Pharm/Tox, Office of Infectious Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Federal Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Keppeke GD, Satoh M, Kayser C, Matos P, Hasegawa T, Tanaka S, Diogenes L, Amaral RQ, Rodrigues S, Andrade LEC. A cell-based assay for detection of anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies with performance equivalent to immunoprecipitation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011110. [PMID: 36225928 PMCID: PMC9549361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies are useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Anti-fibrillarin produces a clumpy nucleolar pattern in indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA). Here we develop and validate a reliable cell-based anti-fibrillarin assay (Fibrillarin/CBA) for use in clinical diagnostic laboratories. A TransMembrane Signal was fused to the human fibrillarin gene (TMS-fibrillarin). HEp-2 cells overexpressing transgenic TMS-fibrillarin at the cytoplasmic membrane were used as IFA substrate in the Fibrillarin/CBA. Sixty-two serum samples with nucleolar pattern in the HEp-2 IFA (41 clumpy; 21 homogeneous/punctate) were tested for anti-fibrillarin using Fibrillarin/CBA, immunoprecipitation (IP), line-blot and ELISA. In addition, samples from 106 SSc-patients were evaluated with Fibrillarin/CBA and the results were correlated with disease phenotypes. Thirty-eight of 41 samples with the clumpy nucleolar pattern (92.7%) were positive in the Fibrillarin/CBA, while all 21 samples with other nucleolar patterns were negative. Fibrillarin/CBA results agreed 100% with IP results. Among the 38 Fibrillarin/CBA-positive samples, only 15 (39.5%) and 11 (29%) were positive for anti-fibrillarin in line-blot and ELISA, respectively. Higher frequency of diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) phenotype (72.7% vs 36.8%; p=0.022), cardiac involvement (36.4% vs 6.5%; p=0.001) and scleroderma renal crisis (18.2% vs 3.3% p = 0.028) was observed in SSc patients with positive compared to negative Fibrillarin/CBA result. Performance of Fibrillarin/CBA in the detection of anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies was comparable to the gold standard IP. Positive Fibrillarin/CBA results correlated with disease phenotypes known to be associated with anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies, underscoring the clinical validation of this novel assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gerson Dierley Keppeke,
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kitakyushu Yahata-Higashi Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Cristiane Kayser
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Matos
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of Human, Information, and Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Larissa Diogenes
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Helena Rodrigues
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Renu K, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Vinayagam S, Veeraraghavan VP, Vellingiri B, George A, Lagoa R, Sattu K, Dey A, Gopalakrishnan AV. Misuse of Cardiac Lipid upon Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements-A Focused Review. Molecules 2022; 27:5657. [PMID: 36080424 PMCID: PMC9457865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead are frequently found in the soil, water, food, and atmosphere; trace amounts can cause serious health issues to the human organism. These toxic trace elements (TTE) affect almost all the organs, mainly the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and the nervous system, through increased free radical formation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein sulfhydryl depletion. This work aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind lipid accumulation via increased free fatty acid levels in circulation due to TTEs. The increased lipid level in the myocardium worsens the heart function. This dysregulation of the lipid metabolism leads to damage in the structure of the myocardium, inclusive fibrosis in cardiac tissue, myocyte apoptosis, and decreased contractility due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it is discussed herein how exposure to cadmium decreases the heart rate, contractile tension, the conductivity of the atrioventricular node, and coronary flow rate. Arsenic may induce atherosclerosis by increasing platelet aggregation and reducing fibrinolysis, as exposure interferes with apolipoprotein (Apo) levels, resulting in the rise of the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio and an elevated risk of acute cardiovascular events. Concerning mercury and lead, these toxicants can cause hypertension, myocardial infarction, and carotid atherosclerosis, in association with the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. This review offers a complete overview of the critical factors and biomarkers of lipid and TTE-induced cardiotoxicity useful for developing future protective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, PG Extension Centre, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Kamaraj Sattu
- Department of Biotechnology, PG Extension Centre, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bianchini MC, Soares LFW, Sousa JMFM, Ramborger BP, Gayer MC, Bridi JC, Roehrs R, Pinton S, Aschner M, Ávila DS, Puntel RL. MeHg exposure impairs both the catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems resulting in motor and non-motor behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110121. [PMID: 35995257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to the natural environmental contaminant methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated to adverse health effects. Importantly, the mechanisms by which this organomercurial exerts its neurotoxicity have yet to be fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to MeHg alters dopamine (DA) and octopamine (OA) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and impacts both motor and non-motor behaviours. We studied the effect of MeHg by feeding 1-2 d old flies (male and females) with 25 and 50 μM MeHg for 4 d and determined effects on survival, motor and non-motor behaviours, oxidative stress, AChE and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities, as well as DA and OA levels. We found that Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) exposed to MeHg showed a reduction in survival rate, associated with the inhibition of AChE and TH activities in head of flies and decreased DA and OA levels. These changes were accompanied by behavioural alterations, such as locomotor deficit and increased grooming behaviour, in addition to an increase in oxidative stress markers both in head and in body of flies, and an increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in head of flies. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that MeHg neurotoxicity is associated with altered OA and DA levels, AChE inhibition, which may serve, at least in part, as the underpinnings of both motor and non-motor behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus C Bianchini
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz F W Soares
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - João M F M Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna P Ramborger
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus C Gayer
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessika C Bridi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, United States
| | - Daiana S Ávila
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Robson L Puntel
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Woo JMP, Parks CG, Jacobsen S, Costenbader KH, Bernatsky S. The role of environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematous. J Intern Med 2022; 291:755-778. [PMID: 35143075 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease, whose etiology includes both genetic and environmental factors. Individual genetic risk factors likely only account for about one-third of observed heritability among individuals with a family history of SLE. A large portion of the remaining risk may be attributable to environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions. This review focuses on SLE risk associated with environmental factors, ranging from chemical and physical environmental exposures to lifestyle behaviors, with the weight of evidence supporting positive associations between SLE and occupational exposure to crystalline silica, current smoking, and exogenous estrogens (e.g., oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormones). Other risk factors may include lifestyle behaviors (e.g., dietary intake and sleep) and other exposures (e.g., ultraviolet [UV] radiation, air pollution, solvents, pesticides, vaccines and medications, and infections). Alcohol use may be associated with decreased SLE risk. We also describe the more limited body of knowledge on gene-environment interactions and SLE risk, including IL-10, ESR1, IL-33, ITGAM, and NAT2 and observed interactions with smoking, UV exposure, and alcohol. Understanding genetic and environmental risk factors for SLE, and how they may interact, can help to elucidate SLE pathogenesis and its clinical heterogeneity. Ultimately, this knowledge may facilitate the development of preventive interventions that address modifiable risk factors in susceptible individuals and vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M P Woo
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mercury and cancer: Where are we now after two decades of research? Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Almeer RS, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Moneim AEA, Abdi S, Albasher G. Ziziphus spina-christi Leaf Extract Mitigates Mercuric Chloride-induced Cortical Damage in Rats. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:103-113. [PMID: 33280592 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201204124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) severely impairs the central nervous system when humans are exposed to it. AIMS We investigated the neuroprotective efficiency of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract (ZSCLE) on HgCl2-mediated cortical deficits. METHODS Twenty-eight rats were distributed equally into four groups: the control, ZSCLE-treated (300 mg/kg), HgCl2-treated (0.4 mg/kg), and ZSCLE+HgCl2-treated groups. Animals received their treatments for 28 days. RESULTS Supplementation with ZSCLE after HgCl2 exposure prevented the deposition of mercury in the cortical slices. It also lowered malondialdehyde levels and nitrite and nitrate formation, elevated glutathione levels, activated its associated-antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, and upregulated the transcription of catalase and superoxide dismutase and their activities were accordingly increased. Moreover, ZSCLE activated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 when compared with the HgCl2 group. Notably, post-treatment with ZSCLE increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase and ameliorated the histopathological changes associated with HgCl2 exposure. Furthermore, ZSCLE blocked cortical inflammation, as observed by the lowered mRNA expression and protein levels of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as decreased mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In addition, ZSCLE decreased neuron loss by preventing apoptosis in the cortical tissue upon HgCl2 intoxication. CONCLUSION Based on the obtained findings, we suggest that ZSCLE supplementation could be applied as a neuroprotective agent to decrease neuron damage following HgCl2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa S Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo,Egypt
| | - Saba Abdi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
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Gao Z, Wu N, Du X, Li H, Mei X, Song Y. Toxic nephropathy secondary to chronic mercury poisoning: clinical characteristics and outcomes. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1189-1197. [PMID: 35694560 PMCID: PMC9174032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kidney disease secondary to mercury poisoning has not been well documented and is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with having mercury poisoning over a 6-year period between July 2013 and June 2019. Demographics, clinical measures, renal pathologic examinations, treatments, and outcomes were compared between patients with kidney disease and those without kidney disease. Results Of the 172 patients with mercury poisoning, 46 (26.74%) had renal damage. Among the 46 patients, 41 (89.13%) presented nephrotic syndrome, and 5 (10.87%) showed proteinuria alone. The pathologic abnormality associated with kidney disease caused by mercury poisoning was mainly membranous nephropathy (18 of 35 patients, 51.43%). Among 41 patients with nephrotic syndrome, 25 were treated with chelation therapy alone and 12 with mercury chelation therapy and glucocorticoids. The remaining 4 patients were treated with chelation therapy, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive therapies. The overall effective rate was 97.5% (40 patients). There was no significant difference in complete remission rate among the 3 treatment methods (P < 0.05). Conclusion The main clinical manifestation of kidney disease secondary to chronic mercury poisoning was nephrotic syndrome, which was reflected in pathologic examinations as membranous nephropathy. Kidney disease to chronic mercury poisoning is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Chelation therapy is the main treatment, and the prognosis is good. Patients with severe condition can be supplemented with glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Gao
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuqin Du
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Mei
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Song
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuguo Song, Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
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Pamphlett R, Bishop DP. Mercury is present in neurons and oligodendrocytes in regions of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease and co-localises with Lewy bodies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262464. [PMID: 35015796 PMCID: PMC8752015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental toxicants are suspected to play a part in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and may underlie its increasing incidence. Mercury exposure in humans is common and is increasing due to accelerating levels of atmospheric mercury, and mercury damages cells via oxidative stress, cell membrane damage, and autoimmunity, mechanisms suspected in the pathogenesis of PD. We therefore compared the cellular distribution of mercury in the tissues of people with and without PD who had evidence of previous mercury exposure by mercury being present in their locus ceruleus neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin sections from the brain and general organs of two people with PD, two people without PD with a history of mercury exposure, and ten people without PD or known mercury exposure, were stained for inorganic mercury using autometallography, combined with immunostaining for a-synuclein and glial cells. All had mercury-containing neurons in locus ceruleus neurons. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to confirm the presence of mercury and to look for other potentially toxic elements. Autometallography-stained locus ceruleus paraffin sections were examined to compare the frequency of previous mercury exposure between 20 PD and 40 non-PD individuals. RESULTS In PD brains, autometallography-detected mercury was seen in neurons affected by the disease, such as those in the substantia nigra, motor cortex, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. Mercury was seen in oligodendrocytes in white and grey matter. Mercury often co-localised with Lewy bodies and neurites. A more restricted distribution of brain mercury was seen in people without PD (both with or without known mercury exposure), with no mercury present in the substantia nigra, striatum, or thalamus. The presence of autometallography-detected mercury in PD was confirmed with LA-ICP-MS, which demonstrated other potentially toxic metals in the locus ceruleus and high iron levels in white matter. Autometallography-detected mercury was found in locus ceruleus neurons in a similar proportion of PD (65%) and non-PD (63%) individuals. CONCLUSIONS In people with PD, mercury was found in neurons and oligodendrocytes in regions of the brain that are affected by the disease, and often co-localised with aggregated a-synuclein. Mercury in the motor cortex, thalamus and striatum could result in bradykinesia and rigidity, and mercury in the cerebellum could cause tremor. People without PD had a restricted uptake of mercury into the brain. The similar frequency of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people with and without PD suggests these two groups have had comparable previous mercury exposures but that PD brains have a greater predisposition to take up circulating mercury. While this post mortem study does not provide a direct link between mercury and idiopathic PD, it adds to the body of evidence that metal toxicants such as mercury play a role in the disease. A precautionary approach would be to reduce rising mercury levels in the atmosphere by limiting the burning of fossil fuels, which may be contributing to the increasing incidence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - David P. Bishop
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pathak N, Gunasekaran I, Ambriose M, Nanda SK. Nell1 as Target Antigen for Mercury Related Membranous Nephropathy: A Case Report. Indian J Nephrol 2022; 32:502-505. [PMID: 36568593 PMCID: PMC9775599 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_415_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy constitutes 30% of adult nephrotic syndrome. Of all cases of membranous nephropathy, primary membranous nephropathy is commonest. Mercury is known to be a cause of secondary membranous nephropathy. There is no human data on the pathophysiology of mercury-related membranous nephropathy, but animal studies suggested an autoimmune mechanism behind it. There is no data to the best of our knowledge about target antigen for mercury-related membranous nephropathy. We are reporting a case of NELL-1 positive mercury-related membranous nephropathy that started resolving after stopping siddha medication and taking antiproteinuric. There was also concomitant euthyroid lymphocytic thyroiditis with anti-TPO positive, which started after exposure to siddha medication, which suggests systemic autoimmune phenomenon due to mercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabadwip Pathak
- Department of Nephrology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Nabadwip Pathak, No. 34, Church Street, Shivaji Nagar, Puducherry, India. E-mail:
| | - Indra Gunasekaran
- Department of Pathology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India
| | - Moses Ambriose
- Department of Pathology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India
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Anka AU, Usman AB, Kaoje AN, Kabir RM, Bala A, Kazem Arki M, Hossein-Khannazer N, Azizi G. Potential mechanisms of some selected heavy metals in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological event that protects tissues from infection and injury. Chronic inflammation causes immune cell over activation and sustained release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines cause pathologic conditions including autoimmune diseases. Heavy metals exposure affects innate and adaptive immune systems through triggering inflammatory responses. It seems that extended inflammatory responses could accelerate heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. In the present review we discuss the exposure route and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Vanadium (V) and Platinum (Pt) and their effects on inflammatory responses by innate and adaptive immune system and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar U Anka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar B Usman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar N Kaoje
- Department of Health Services, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Ramadan M Kabir
- Laboratory Department, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Bala
- Hematology Department, Federal Medical Center, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Benvenga S, Famà F, Perdichizzi LG, Antonelli A, Brenta G, Vermiglio F, Moleti M. Fish and the Thyroid: A Janus Bifrons Relationship Caused by Pollutants and the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891233. [PMID: 35712237 PMCID: PMC9196333 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on a number of clinical disorders, including autoimmune diseases, are widely reported in the literature. One major dietary source of PUFA are fish, particularly the small oily fish, like anchovy, sardine, mackerel and others. Unfortunately, fish (particularly the large, top-predator fish like swordfish) are also a source of pollutants, including the heavy metals. One relevant heavy metal is mercury, a known environmental trigger of autoimmunity that is measurable inside the thyroid. There are a number of interactions between the omega-3 PUFA and thyroid hormones, even at the level of the thyroid hormone transport proteins. Concerning the mechanisms behind the protection from/amelioration of autoimmune diseases, including thyroiditis, that are caused by the omega-3 PUFA, one can be the decreased production of chemokines, a decrease that was reported in the literature for other nutraceuticals. Recent studies point also to the involvement of resolvins. The intracellular increase in resolvins is associated with the tissue protection from inflammation that was observed in experimental animals after coadministration of omega-3 PUFA and thyroid hormone. After having presented data on fish consumption at the beginning, we conclude our review by presenting data on the market of the dietary supplements/nutraceuticals. The global omega-3 products market was valued at USD 2.10 billion in 2020, and was projected to go up at a compound annual growth rate of 7.8% from 2020 to 2028. Among supplements, fish oils, which are derived mainly from anchovies, are considered the best and generally safest source of omega-3. Taking into account (i) the anti-autoimmunity and anti-cancer properties of the omega-3 PUFA, (ii) the increasing incidence of both autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer worldwide, (iii) the predisposing role for thyroid cancer exerted by autoimmune thyroiditis, and (iv) the risk for developing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders conferred by both elevated/trendwise elevated serum TSH levels and thyroid autoimmunity, then there is enough rationale for the omega-3 PUFA as measures to contrast the appearance and/or duration of Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as to correct the slightly elevated serum TSH levels of subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Famà
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fausto Famà, ;
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriela Brenta
- Division of Endocrinology, Dr. Cesar Milstein Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesco Vermiglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Moleti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cunha Nascimento P, Alana Bragança Aragão W, Oliveira Bittencourt L, Dionizio A, A. R. Buzalaf M, Crespo-Lopez ME, Lima RR. Maternal methylmercury exposure changes the proteomic profile of the offspring's salivary glands: Prospects on translational toxicology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258969. [PMID: 34748590 PMCID: PMC8575261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylmercury (MeHg) remains a public health issue since developing organisms are particularly vulnerable to this environmental contaminant. This study investigated the effect of maternal MeHg exposure on the modulation of proteomic profile of parotid (PA), submandibular (SM), and sublingual (SL) glands of offspring rats. Materials and methods Pregnant Wistar rats were daily exposed to 40 μg/kg MeHg during both gestational and lactation periods. The proteomic profiles of the major salivary glands of the offspring rats were analyzed through mass spectrometry. Results The offspring rats exposed to MeHg showed significant alterations in the proteomic profiles of the PA, SM, and SL glands. Altered proteins were associated with cytoskeleton components, tissue morphogenesis, and response to stimulus and stress. Conclusion This original study showed that maternal MeHg exposure significantly modulates the expression of proteins and induces alterations in the proteomic profiles of developing salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia A. R. Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Yahyazadeh R, Baradaran Rahimi V, Yahyazadeh A, Mohajeri SA, Askari VR. Promising effects of gingerol against toxins: A review article. Biofactors 2021; 47:885-913. [PMID: 34418196 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a medicinal and valuable culinary plant. Gingerols, as an active constituent in the fresh ginger rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, exhibit several promising pharmacological properties. This comprehensive literature review was performed to assess gingerol's protective and therapeutic efficacy against the various chemical, natural, and radiational stimuli. Another objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties of gingerol. It should be noted that the data were gathered from in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Gingerols can exert their protective activity through different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. For example, these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), transforming growth factor beta1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/Smad3), and extracellular signal-related kinase/cAMP-response element-binding protein (ERK/CREB). We hope that more researchers can benefit from this review to conduct preclinical and clinical studies, treat cancer, inflammation, and attenuate the side effects of drugs and industrial pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Yahyazadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The prevalence of inorganic mercury in human cells increases during aging but decreases in the very old. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16714. [PMID: 34408264 PMCID: PMC8373952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful aging is likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors, but environmental toxicants that accelerate aging are not known. Human exposure to mercury is common, and mercury has genotoxic, autoimmune, and free radical effects which could contribute to age-related disorders. The presence of inorganic mercury was therefore assessed in the organs of 170 people aged 1-104 years to determine the prevalence of mercury in human tissues at different ages. Mercury was found commonly in cells of the brain, kidney, thyroid, anterior pituitary, adrenal medulla and pancreas. The prevalence of mercury in these organs increased during aging but decreased in people aged over 80 years. People with mercury in one organ usually also had mercury in several others. In conclusion, the prevalence of inorganic mercury in human organs increases with age. The relative lack of tissue mercury in the very old could account for the flattened mortality rate and reduced incidence of cancer in this advanced age group. Since mercury may accelerate aging, efforts to reduce atmospheric mercury pollution could improve the chances of future successful aging.
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