1
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Dushianthan A, Cusack R, Goss V, Koster G, Grocott MPW, Postle AD. In Vivo Cellular Phosphatidylcholine Kinetics of CD15+ Leucocytes and CD3+ T-Lymphocytes in Adults with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Cells 2024; 13:332. [PMID: 38391944 PMCID: PMC10886962 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell membranes composed of a mixture of glycerophospholipids, the relative composition of individual phospholipids and the dynamic flux vary between cells. In addition to their structural role, membrane phospholipids are involved in cellular signalling and immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we investigate the molecular membrane composition and dynamic flux of phosphatidylcholines in CD15+ leucocytes and CD3+ lymphocytes extracted from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We identified compositional variations between these cell types, where CD15+ cells had relatively higher quantities of alkyl-acyl PC species and CD3+ cells contained more arachidonoyl-PC species. There was a significant loss of arachidonoyl-PC in CD3+ cells in ARDS patients. Moreover, there were significant changes in PC composition and the methyl-D9 enrichment of individual molecular species in CD15+ cells from ARDS patients. This is the first study to perform an in vivo assessment of membrane composition and dynamic changes in immunological cells from ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahilanandan Dushianthan
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Rebecca Cusack
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Victoria Goss
- Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK;
| | - Grielof Koster
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
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2
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Hemström P, Jugg B, Watkins R, Jonasson S, Elfsmark L, Rutter S, Åstot C, Lindén P. Phospholipid chlorohydrins as chlorine exposure biomarkers in a large animal model. Toxicol Lett 2024; 391:32-38. [PMID: 38048885 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine is a toxic industrial chemical that has been used as a chemical weapon in recent armed conflicts. Confirming human exposure to chlorine has proven challenging, and there is currently no established method for analyzing human biomedical samples to unambiguously verify chlorine exposure. In this study, two chlorine-specific biomarkers: palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol chlorohydrin (POPG-HOCl) and the lipid derivative oleoyl ethanolamide chlorohydrin (OEA-HOCl) are shown in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from spontaneously breathing pigs after chlorine exposure. These biomarkers are formed by the chemical reaction of chlorine with unsaturated phospholipids found in the pulmonary surfactant, which is present at the gas-liquid interface within the lung alveoli. Our results strongly suggest that lipid chlorohydrins are promising candidate biomarkers in the development of a verification method for chlorine exposure. The establishment of verified methods capable of confirming the illicit use of toxic industrial chemicals is crucial for upholding the principles of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and enforcing the ban on chemical weapons. This study represents the first published dataset in BALF revealing chlorine biomarkers detected in a large animal. Furthermore, these biomarkers are distinct in that they originate from molecular chlorine rather than hypochlorous acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Hemström
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sofia Jonasson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Elfsmark
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Crister Åstot
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lindén
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden.
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3
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Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a critical component of lung function in healthy individuals. It functions in part by lowering surface tension in the alveoli, thereby allowing for breathing with minimal effort. The prevailing thinking is that low surface tension is attained by a compression-driven squeeze-out of unsaturated phospholipids during exhalation, forming a film enriched in saturated phospholipids that achieves surface tensions close to zero. A thorough review of past and recent literature suggests that the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism may be erroneous. Here, we posit that a surfactant film enriched in saturated lipids is formed shortly after birth by an adsorption-driven sorting process and that its composition does not change during normal breathing. We provide biophysical evidence for the rapid formation of an enriched film at high surfactant concentrations, facilitated by adsorption structures containing hydrophobic surfactant proteins. We examine biophysical evidence for and against the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism and propose a new model for surfactant function. The proposed model is tested against existing physiological and pathophysiological evidence in neonatal and adult lungs, leading to ideas for biophysical research, that should be addressed to establish the physiological relevance of this new perspective on the function of the mighty thin film that surfactant provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Possmayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manon, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, United States
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Nils O Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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4
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Ali O, Szabó A. Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15693. [PMID: 37958678 PMCID: PMC10649022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - András Szabó
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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5
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Dushianthan A, Grocott MPW, Murugan GS, Wilkinson TMA, Postle AD. Pulmonary Surfactant in Adult ARDS: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2964. [PMID: 37761330 PMCID: PMC10528901 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure in adults, leading to the requirement for mechanical ventilation and poorer outcomes. Dysregulated surfactant metabolism and function are characteristic of ARDS. A combination of alveolar epithelial damage leading to altered surfactant synthesis, secretion, and breakdown with increased functional inhibition from overt alveolar inflammation contributes to the clinical features of poor alveolar compliance and alveolar collapse. Quantitative and qualitative alterations in the bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal aspirate surfactant composition contribute to ARDS pathogenesis. Compared to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (nRDS), replacement studies of exogenous surfactants in adult ARDS suggest no survival benefit. However, these studies are limited by disease heterogeneity, variations in surfactant preparations, doses, and delivery methods. More importantly, the lack of mechanistic understanding of the exact reasons for dysregulated surfactant remains a significant issue. Moreover, studies suggest an extremely short half-life of replaced surfactant, implying increased catabolism. Refining surfactant preparations and delivery methods with additional co-interventions to counteract surfactant inhibition and degradation has the potential to enhance the biophysical characteristics of surfactant in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahilanandan Dushianthan
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health System Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.P.W.G.); (T.M.A.W.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health System Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.P.W.G.); (T.M.A.W.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health System Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.P.W.G.); (T.M.A.W.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health System Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.P.W.G.); (T.M.A.W.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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6
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Shields PG. Role of untargeted omics biomarkers of exposure and effect for tobacco research. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100098. [PMID: 37396411 PMCID: PMC10310069 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco research remains a clear priority to improve individual and population health, and has recently become more complex with emerging combustible and noncombustible tobacco products. The use of omics methods in prevention and cessation studies are intended to identify new biomarkers for risk, compared risks related to other products and never use, and compliance for cessation and reinitation. to assess the relative effects of tobacco products to each other. They are important for the prediction of reinitiation of tobacco use and relapse prevention. In the research setting, both technical and clinical validation is required, which presents a number of complexities in the omics methodologies from biospecimen collection and sample preparation to data collection and analysis. When the results identify differences in omics features, networks or pathways, it is unclear if the results are toxic effects, a healthy response to a toxic exposure or neither. The use of surrogate biospecimens (e.g., urine, blood, sputum or nasal) may or may not reflect target organs such as the lung or bladder. This review describes the approaches for the use of omics in tobacco research and provides examples of prior studies, along with the strengths and limitations of the various methods. To date, there is little consistency in results, likely due to small number of studies, limitations in study size, the variability in the analytic platforms and bioinformatic pipelines, differences in biospecimen collection and/or human subject study design. Given the demonstrated value for the use of omics in clinical medicine, it is anticipated that the use in tobacco research will be similarly productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH
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7
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Brandsma J, Schofield JPR, Yang X, Strazzeri F, Barber C, Goss VM, Koster G, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Chanez P, Dahlén SE, Fowler SJ, Horváth I, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandström T, Shaw DE, Chung KF, Singer F, Fleming LJ, Adcock IM, Pandis I, Bansal AT, Corfield J, Sousa AR, Sterk PJ, Sánchez-García RJ, Skipp PJ, Postle AD, Djukanović R. Stratification of asthma by lipidomic profiling of induced sputum supernatant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:117-125. [PMID: 36918039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with significant heterogeneity in its clinical presentation and pathobiology. There is need for improved understanding of respiratory lipid metabolism in asthma patients and its relation to observable clinical features. OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive, prospective, cross-sectional analysis of the lipid composition of induced sputum supernatant obtained from asthma patients with a range of disease severities, as well as from healthy controls. METHODS Induced sputum supernatant was collected from 211 adults with asthma and 41 healthy individuals enrolled onto the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) study. Sputum lipidomes were characterized by semiquantitative shotgun mass spectrometry and clustered using topologic data analysis to identify lipid phenotypes. RESULTS Shotgun lipidomics of induced sputum supernatant revealed a spectrum of 9 molecular phenotypes, highlighting not just significant differences between the sputum lipidomes of asthma patients and healthy controls, but also within the asthma patient population. Matching clinical, pathobiologic, proteomic, and transcriptomic data helped inform the underlying disease processes. Sputum lipid phenotypes with higher levels of nonendogenous, cell-derived lipids were associated with significantly worse asthma severity, worse lung function, and elevated granulocyte counts. CONCLUSION We propose a novel mechanism of increased lipid loading in the epithelial lining fluid of asthma patients resulting from the secretion of extracellular vesicles by granulocytic inflammatory cells, which could reduce the ability of pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension in asthmatic small airways, as well as compromise its role as an immune regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brandsma
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - James P R Schofield
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Xian Yang
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Strazzeri
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Clair Barber
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria M Goss
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Grielof Koster
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Academic Health Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Singer
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Louise J Fleming
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Pandis
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul J Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
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8
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Niche-Dependent Regulation of Lkb1 in the Proliferation of Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315065. [PMID: 36499390 PMCID: PMC9735896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung homeostasis and regeneration depend on lung epithelial progenitor cells. Lkb1 (Liver Kinase B1) has known roles in the differentiation of airway epithelial cells during embryonic development. However, the effects of Lkb1 in adult lung epithelial progenitor cell regeneration and its mechanisms of action have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which Lkb1 regulates lung epithelial progenitor cell regeneration. Organoid culture showed that loss of Lkb1 significantly reduced the proliferation of club cells and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in vitro. In the absence of Lkb1, there is a slower recovery rate of the damaged airway epithelium in naphthalene-induced airway epithelial injury and impaired expression of surfactant protein C during bleomycin-induced alveolar epithelial damage. Moreover, the expression of autophagy-related genes was reduced in club cells and increased in AT2 cells, but the expression of Claudin-18 was obviously reduced in AT2 cells after Lkb1 knockdown. On the whole, our findings indicated that Lkb1 may promote the proliferation of lung epithelial progenitor cells via a niche-dependent pathway and is required for the repair of the damaged lung epithelium.
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9
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Oral Supplementation with the Polyamine Spermidine Affects Hepatic but Not Pulmonary Lipid Metabolism in Lean but Not Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204318. [PMID: 36297003 PMCID: PMC9611404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamine spermidine is discussed as a caloric restriction mimetic and therapeutic option for obesity and related comorbidities. This study tested oral spermidine supplementation with regard to the systemic, hepatic and pulmonary lipid metabolism under different diet conditions. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a purified control (CD), high sucrose (HSD) or high fat (HFD) diet with (-S) or without spermidine for 30 weeks. In CD-fed mice, spermidine decreased body and adipose tissue weights and reduced hepatic lipid content. The HSD induced hepatic lipid synthesis and accumulation and hypercholesterolemia. This was not affected by spermidine supplementation, but body weight and blood glucose were lower in HSD-S compared to HSD. HFD-fed mice showed higher body and fat depot weights, prediabetes, hypercholesterolemia and severe liver steatosis, which were not altered by spermidine. Within the liver, spermidine diminished hepatic expression of lipogenic transcription factors SREBF1 and 2 under HSD and HFD and affected the expression of other lipid-related enzymes. In contrast, diet and spermidine exerted only minor effects on pulmonary parameters. Thus, oral spermidine supplementation affects lipid metabolism in a diet-dependent manner, with significant reductions in body fat and weight under physiological nutrition and positive effects on weight and blood glucose under high sucrose intake, but no impact on dietary fat-related parameters.
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10
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Dörr D, Obermayer B, Weiner JM, Zimmermann K, Anania C, Wagner LK, Lyras EM, Sapozhnikova V, Lara-Astiaso D, Prósper F, Lang R, Lupiáñez DG, Beule D, Höpken UE, Leutz A, Mildner A. C/EBPβ regulates lipid metabolism and
Pparg
isoform 2 expression in alveolar macrophages. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabj0140. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by accumulation of surfactant lipoproteins within the lung alveoli. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are crucial for surfactant clearance, and their differentiation depends on colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), which regulates the establishment of an AM-characteristic gene regulatory network. Here, we report that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is essential for the development of the AM identity, as demonstrated by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis. Furthermore, C/EBPβ-deficient AMs showed severe defects in proliferation, phagocytosis, and lipid metabolism, collectively resulting in a PAP-like syndrome. Mechanistically, the long C/EBPβ protein variants LAP* and LAP together with CSF2 signaling induced the expression of
Pparg
isoform 2 but not
Pparg
isoform 1, a molecular regulatory mechanism that was also observed in other CSF2-primed macrophages. These results uncover C/EBPβ as a key regulator of AM cell fate and shed light on the molecular networks controlling lipid metabolism in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dörr
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Mikolaj Weiner
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Anania
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Katharina Wagner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterini Maria Lyras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeriia Sapozhnikova
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Program of Regenerative Medicine, Program of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Darío G. Lupiáñez
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Young AA, Rosas LE, Cooper ES, Yaxley PE, Davis IC. Impact of cytidine diphosphocholine on oxygenation in client-owned dogs with aspiration pneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1089-1099. [PMID: 35484990 PMCID: PMC9151482 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs for veterinary patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are urgently needed. Early or late postinfection treatment of influenza-infected mice with the liponucleotide cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) resulted in decreased hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, lung dysfunction, and inflammation without altering viral replication. These findings suggested CDP-choline could have benefit as adjunctive treatment for ARDS in veterinary patients (VetARDS). OBJECTIVES Determine if parenterally administered CDP-choline can attenuate mild VetARDS in dogs with aspiration pneumonia. ANIMALS Dogs admitted to a veterinary intensive care unit (ICU) for aspiration pneumonia. METHODS Subjects were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of treatment with vehicle (0.1 mL/kg sterile 0.9% saline, IV; n = 8) or CDP-choline (5 mg/kg in 0.1 mL/kg 0.9% saline, IV; n = 9) q12h over the first 48 hours after ICU admission. RESULTS No significant differences in signalment or clinical findings were found between placebo- and CDP-choline-treated dogs on admission. All dogs exhibited tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypoxemia, hypocapnia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia. CDP-choline administration resulted in rapid, progressive, and clinically relevant increases in oxygenation as determined by pulse oximetry and ratios of arterial oxygen partial pressure (Pa O2 mmHg) to fractional inspired oxygen (% Fi O2 ) and decreases in alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradients that did not occur in placebo (saline)-treated animals. Treatment with CDP-choline was also associated with less platelet consumption over the first 48 hours, but had no detectable detrimental effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ctyidine diphosphcholine acts rapidly to promote gas exchange in dogs with naturally occurring aspiration pneumonia and is a potential adjunctive treatment in VetARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda A. Young
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Lucia E. Rosas
- Department of Veterinary BiosciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Edward S. Cooper
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Page E. Yaxley
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ian C. Davis
- Department of Veterinary BiosciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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12
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Milad N, Morissette MC. Revisiting the role of pulmonary surfactant in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and environmental exposure. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/210077. [PMID: 34911693 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0077-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a crucial and dynamic lung structure whose primary functions are to reduce alveolar surface tension and facilitate breathing. Though disruptions in surfactant homeostasis are typically thought of in the context of respiratory distress and premature infants, many lung diseases have been noted to have significant surfactant abnormalities. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical studies of pulmonary disease too often overlook the potential contribution of surfactant alterations - whether in quantity, quality or composition - to disease pathogenesis and symptoms. In inflammatory lung diseases, whether these changes are cause or consequence remains a subject of debate. This review will outline 1) the importance of pulmonary surfactant in the maintenance of respiratory health, 2) the diseases associated with primary surfactant dysregulation, 3) the surfactant abnormalities observed in inflammatory pulmonary diseases and, finally, 4) the available research on the interplay between surfactant homeostasis and smoking-associated lung disease. From these published studies, we posit that changes in surfactant integrity and composition contribute more considerably to chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases and that more work is required to determine the mechanisms underlying these alterations and their potential treatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Milad
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada .,Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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13
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Rosas LE, Doolittle LM, Joseph LM, El-Musa H, Novotny MV, Hickman-Davis JM, Hite RD, Davis IC. Postexposure Liponucleotide Prophylaxis and Treatment Attenuates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Influenza-infected Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:677-686. [PMID: 33606602 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0465oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new drugs for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including those with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). ARDS in influenza-infected mice is associated with reduced concentrations of liponucleotides (essential precursors for de novo phospholipid synthesis) in alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells. Because surfactant phospholipid synthesis is a primary function of ATII cells, we hypothesized that disrupting this process could contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of influenza-induced ARDS. The goal of this study was to determine whether parenteral liponucleotide supplementation can attenuate ARDS. C57BL/6 mice inoculated intranasally with 10,000 plaque-forming units/mouse of H1N1 influenza A/WSN/33 virus were treated with CDP (cytidine 5'-diphospho)-choline (100 μg/mouse i.p.) ± CDP -diacylglycerol 16:0/16:0 (10 μg/mouse i.p.) once daily from 1 to 5 days after inoculation (to model postexposure influenza prophylaxis) or as a single dose on Day 5 (to model treatment of patients with ongoing influenza-induced ARDS). Daily postexposure prophylaxis with CDP-choline attenuated influenza-induced hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, alterations in lung mechanics, impairment of alveolar fluid clearance, and pulmonary inflammation without altering viral replication. These effects were not recapitulated by the daily administration of CTP (cytidine triphosphate) and/or choline. Daily coadministration of CDP-diacylglycerol significantly enhanced the beneficial effects of CDP-choline and also modified the ATII cell lipidome, reversing the infection-induced decrease in phosphatidylcholine and increasing concentrations of most other lipid classes in ATII cells. Single-dose treatment with both liponucleotides at 5 days after inoculation also attenuated hypoxemia, altered lung mechanics, and inflammation. Overall, our data show that liponucleotides act rapidly to reduce disease severity in mice with severe influenza-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael V Novotny
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Judy M Hickman-Davis
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - R Duncan Hite
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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14
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Li X, Zhao F, Wang A, Cheng P, Chen H. Role and mechanisms of autophagy in lung metabolism and repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5051-5068. [PMID: 33864479 PMCID: PMC11072280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lungs are metabolically active organs that frequently encounter environmental insults. Stress responses elicit protective autophagy in epithelial barrier cells and the supportive niche. Autophagy promotes the recycling of damaged intracellular organelles, denatured proteins, and other biological macromolecules for reuse as components required for lung cell survival. Autophagy, usually induced by metabolic defects, regulates cellular metabolism. Autophagy is a major adaptive response that protects cells and organisms from injury. Endogenous region-specific stem/progenitor cell populations are found in lung tissue, which are responsible for epithelial repair after lung damage. Additionally, glucose and fatty acid metabolism is altered in lung stem/progenitor cells in response to injury-related lung fibrosis. Autophagy deregulation has been observed to be involved in the development and progression of other respiratory diseases. This review explores the role and mechanisms of autophagy in regulating lung metabolism and epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuxiaonan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyong Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Paget TL, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Trim PJ, Autilio C, Panchal MH, Koster G, Echaide M, Snel MF, Postle AD, Morrison JL, Pérez-Gil J, Orgeig S. Increased Alveolar Heparan Sulphate and Reduced Pulmonary Surfactant Amount and Function in the Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA Mouse. Cells 2021; 10:849. [PMID: 33918094 PMCID: PMC8070179 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disease with significant neurological and skeletal pathologies. Respiratory dysfunction is a secondary pathology contributing to mortality in MPS IIIA patients. Pulmonary surfactant is crucial to optimal lung function and has not been investigated in MPS IIIA. We measured heparan sulphate (HS), lipids and surfactant proteins (SP) in pulmonary tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and surfactant activity in healthy and diseased mice (20 weeks of age). Heparan sulphate, ganglioside GM3 and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) were increased in MPS IIIA lung tissue. There was an increase in HS and a decrease in BMP and cholesteryl esters (CE) in MPS IIIA BALF. Phospholipid composition remained unchanged, but BALF total phospholipids were reduced (49.70%) in MPS IIIA. There was a reduction in SP-A, -C and -D mRNA, SP-D protein in tissue and SP-A, -C and -D protein in BALF of MPS IIIA mice. Captive bubble surfactometry showed an increase in minimum and maximum surface tension and percent surface area compression, as well as a higher compressibility and hysteresis in MPS IIIA surfactant upon dynamic cycling. Collectively these biochemical and biophysical changes in alveolar surfactant are likely to be detrimental to lung function in MPS IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Paget
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
| | - Emma J. Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
| | - Paul J. Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (P.J.T.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Madhuriben H. Panchal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Grielof Koster
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Mercedes Echaide
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Marten F. Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (P.J.T.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Jésus Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
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16
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GM130 regulates pulmonary surfactant protein secretion in alveolar type II cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:193-205. [PMID: 33740186 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex secreted by alveolar type II epithelial cells and is essential for the maintenance of the delicate structure of mammalian alveoli to promote efficient gas exchange across the air-liquid barrier. The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in pulmonary surfactant modification and secretory trafficking. However, the physiological function of the Golgi apparatus in the transport of pulmonary surfactants is unclear. In the present study, deletion of GM130, which encodes for a matrix protein of the cis-Golgi cisternae, was shown to induce the disruption of the Golgi structure leading to impaired secretion of lung surfactant proteins and lipids. Specifically, the results of in vitro and in vivo analysis indicated that the loss of GM130 resulted in trapping of Sftpa in the endoplasmic reticulum, Sftpb and Sftpc accumulation in the Golgi apparatus, and an increase in the compensatory secretion of Sftpd. Moreover, global and epithelial-specific GM130 knockout in mice resulted in an enlargement of alveolar airspace and an increase in alveolar epithelial autophagy; however, surfactant repletion partially rescued the enlarged airspace defects in GM130-deficient mice. Therefore, our results demonstrate that GM130 and the mammalian Golgi apparatus play a critical role in the control of surfactant protein secretion in pulmonary epithelial cells.
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17
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Ellis SR, Hall E, Panchal M, Flinders B, Madsen J, Koster G, Heeren RMA, Clark HW, Postle AD. Mass spectrometry imaging of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in lungs administered with therapeutic surfactants and isotopic tracers. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100023. [PMID: 33453219 PMCID: PMC7961103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) visualizes molecular distributions throughout tissues but is blind to dynamic metabolic processes. Here, MSI with high mass resolution together with multiple stable isotope labeling provided spatial analyses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism in mouse lungs. Dysregulated surfactant metabolism is central to many respiratory diseases. Metabolism and turnover of therapeutic pulmonary surfactants were imaged from distributions of intact and metabolic products of an added tracer, universally 13C-labeled dipalmitoyl PC (U13C-DPPC). The parenchymal distributions of newly synthesized PC species were also imaged from incorporations of methyl-D9-choline. This dual labeling strategy demonstrated both lack of inhibition of endogenous PC synthesis by exogenous surfactant and location of acyl chain remodeling processes acting on the U13C-DPPC-labeled surfactant, leading to formation of polyunsaturated PC lipids. This ability to visualize discrete metabolic events will greatly enhance our understanding of lipid metabolism in diverse tissues and has potential application to both clinical and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Ellis
- Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Emily Hall
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Madhuriben Panchal
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bryn Flinders
- Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Madsen
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grielof Koster
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Howard W Clark
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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18
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Homma S, Ebina M, Kuwano K, Goto H, Sakai F, Sakamoto S, Johkoh T, Sugino K, Tachibana T, Terasaki Y, Nishioka Y, Hagiwara K, Hashimoto N, Hasegawa Y, Hebisawa A. Intractable diffuse pulmonary diseases: Manual for diagnosis and treatment. Respir Investig 2021; 59:8-33. [PMID: 32622842 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This manual has been compiled by a joint production committee with the Diffuse Lung Disease Assembly of the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) to provide a practical manual for the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of intractable diffuse pulmonary diseases. The contents are based upon the results of research into these diseases by the Diffuse Pulmonary Diseases Study Group (principal researcher: Sakae Homma) supported by the FY2014-FY2016 Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases. This manual focuses on: 1) pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, 2) bronchiolitis obliterans, and 3) Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome with interstitial pneumonia. As these are rare/intractable diffuse lung diseases (2 and 3 were first recognized as specified intractable diseases in 2015), there have not been sufficient epidemiological studies made, and there has been little progress in formulating diagnostic criteria and severity scales; however, the results of Japan's first surveys and research into such details are presented herein. In addition, the manual provides treatment guidance and actual cases for each disease, aiming to assist in the establishment of future modalities. The manual was produced with the goal of enabling clinicians specialized in respiratory apparatus to handle these diseases in clinical settings and of further advancing future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Homma
- Department of Advanced and Integrated Interstitial Lung Diseases Research, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahito Ebina
- Department of Respiratory Medicine in the 1st Internal Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Fumikazu Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Susumu Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kinki Central Hospital of Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Keishi Sugino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Teruo Tachibana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aizenbashi Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasahiro Terasaki
- Department of Pathology (Analytic Human Pathology), Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Markin CJ, Hall SB. The Anionic Phospholipids of Bovine Pulmonary Surfactant. Lipids 2020; 56:49-57. [PMID: 32895935 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The only known compositional change in the phospholipids (PL) of pulmonary surfactant in response to a physiologic stimulus occurs around the time of birth. In most species, the predominant anionic PL changes from phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro). Because prior studies have shown that the change in the headgroup itself is functionally insignificant, we tested the hypothesis that the PtdIns and PtdGro contain different diacyl pairs. Experiments used electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry to determine the molecular species in PtdIns, PtdGro, and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) in surfactant from newborn calves and cows. The profiles for the two anionic PL were distinct. The PtdIns contained long, unsaturated fatty acid chains and no disaturated species. The PtdGro more closely resembled the profile from PtdCho. For each headgroup, the molecular species for calf and cow were similar. The differences between the two anionic PL indicate that the switch from PtdIns to PtdGro during maturation involves more than simple substitution of the headgroup, and suggest that the functional significance of the shift may reflect the different pool of diacyl pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Markin
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephen B Hall
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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20
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Jubinville É, Milad N, Maranda-Robitaille M, Lafrance MA, Pineault M, Lamothe J, Routhier J, Beaulieu MJ, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Critical importance of dietary methionine and choline in the maintenance of lung homeostasis during normal and cigarette smoke exposure conditions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L391-L402. [PMID: 32640840 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predispositions and environmental exposures are regarded as the main predictors of respiratory disease development. Although the impact of dietary essential nutrient deficiencies on cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type II diabetes has been widely studied, it remains poorly explored in chronic respiratory diseases. Dietary choline and methionine deficiencies are common in the population, and their impact on pulmonary homeostasis is currently unknown. Mice were fed choline- and/or methionine-deficient diets while being exposed to room-air or cigarette smoke for up to 4 wk. Lung functions were assessed using the FlexiVent. Pulmonary transcriptional activity was assessed using gene expression microarrays and quantitative PCR. Immune cells, cytokines, and phosphatidylcholine were quantified in the bronchoalveolar lavage. In this study, we found that short-term dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies significantly affect lung function in mice in a reversible manner. It also reduced transcriptional levels of collagens and elastin as well as pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylcholine levels. We also found that dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies markedly interfered with the pulmonary response to cigarette smoke exposure, modulating lung function and dampening inflammation. These findings clearly show that dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies can have dramatic pathophysiological effects on the lungs and can also affect the pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary alterations. Expanding our knowledge in the field of "nutri-respiratory research" may reveal a crucial role for essential nutrients in pulmonary health and disease, which may prove to be as relevant as genetic predispositions and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Jubinville
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Michaël Maranda-Robitaille
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marc-Alexandre Lafrance
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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21
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Slovinsky WS, Shaghaghi H, Para R, Romero F, Summer R. Alcohol-induced lipid dysregulation impairs glycolytic responses to LPS in alveolar macrophages. Alcohol 2020; 83:57-65. [PMID: 31499142 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several conditions are marked by increased susceptibility to, and enhanced severity of, bacterial infections. Alcohol use disorder, one of these conditions, is known to predispose to bacterial pneumonia by suppressing the lung's innate immune system, and more specifically by disrupting critical alveolar macrophage (AM) functions. Recently, we established that chronic ethanol consumption also perturbs surfactant lipid homeostasis in the lung and that elevated concentrations of free fatty acids contribute to blocking essential AM functions, such as agonist-induced cytokine expression. In this study, we extend these observations by showing that elevated free fatty acid levels impair metabolic responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in AMs. In particular, we show that the glycolytic reprogramming characteristic of LPS-stimulated AMs is blunted by the saturated fatty acid palmitate, whereas oleate, an unsaturated fatty acid, or ethanol alone, had no effect on this adaptive metabolic response. Additionally, we found that elevated concentrations of palmitate induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and that glycolytic reprogramming and cytokine production to LPS could be partially restored in AMs by either pharmacologically blocking palmitate entry into mitochondria or administering a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant. Taken together, these findings suggest that alcohol and elevated levels of saturated fatty acids conspire to impair pulmonary innate immunity by altering metabolic responses in AMs. Additionally, our findings suggest that targeting the mechanisms involved in fatty acid metabolism can restore pulmonary immunity and possibly limit bacterial pneumonia in individuals with alcohol use disorder.
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Agudelo CW, Kumley BK, Area-Gomez E, Xu Y, Dabo AJ, Geraghty P, Campos M, Foronjy R, Garcia-Arcos I. Decreased surfactant lipids correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228279. [PMID: 32027677 PMCID: PMC7004328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoke exposure is known to decrease total pulmonary surfactant and alter its composition, but the role of surfactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the compositional changes in the surfactant lipidome in COPD and identify specific lipids associated with pulmonary function decline. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 12 former smokers with COPD and 5 non-smoking, non-asthmatic healthy control volunteers. Lipids were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pulmonary function data were obtained by spirometry, and correlations of lung function with lipid species were determined. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 6 months of second-hand smoke in a full-body chamber. Surfactant lipids were decreased by 60% in subjects with COPD. All phospholipid classes were dramatically decreased, including ether phospholipids, which have not been studied in pulmonary surfactant. Availability of phospholipid, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin in BAL strongly correlated with pulmonary function and this was attributable to specific lipid species of phosphatidylcholine with surface tension reducing properties, and of phosphatidylglycerol with antimicrobial roles, as well as to other less studied lipid species. Mice exposed to smoke for six months recapitulated surfactant lipidomic changes observed in human subjects with COPD. In summary, we show that the surfactant lipidome is substantially altered in subjects with COPD, and decreased availability of phospholipids correlated with decreased pulmonary function. Further investigation of surfactant alterations in COPD would improve our understanding of its physiopathology and reveal new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina W. Agudelo
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Britta K. Kumley
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Abdoulaye J. Dabo
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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23
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Patton-Vogt J, de Kroon AIPM. Phospholipid turnover and acyl chain remodeling in the yeast ER. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158462. [PMID: 31146038 PMCID: PMC10716787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The turnover of phospholipids plays an essential role in membrane lipid homeostasis by impacting both lipid head group and acyl chain composition. This review focusses on the degradation and acyl chain remodeling of the major phospholipid classes present in the ER membrane of the reference eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Phospholipid turnover reactions are introduced, and the occurrence and important functions of phospholipid remodeling in higher eukaryotes are briefly summarized. After presenting an inventory of established mechanisms of phospholipid acyl chain exchange, current knowledge of phospholipid degradation and remodeling by phospholipases and acyltransferases localized to the yeast ER is summarized. PC is subject to the PC deacylation-reacylation remodeling pathway (PC-DRP) involving a phospholipase B, the recently identified glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase Gpc1p, and the broad specificity acyltransferase Ale1p. PI is post-synthetically enriched in C18:0 acyl chains by remodeling reactions involving Cst26p. PE may undergo turnover by the phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p as first step in acyl chain remodeling. Clues as to the functions of phospholipid acyl chain remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anton I P M de Kroon
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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24
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Wolf C, Gredig N, Ulbrich SE, Kreuzer M, Berard J, Giller K. Partitioning of Rumen-Protected n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids is Organ-Specific in Growing Angus Heifers. Lipids 2019; 54:503-517. [PMID: 31410851 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA), play an important role in the regulation of FA metabolism in all mammals. However, FA metabolism differs between different organs, suggesting a distinct partitioning of highly relevant FA. For the present study in cattle, a novel technology was applied to overcome rumen biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA. Angus heifers were fed a straw-based diet supplemented for 8 weeks with 450 g/day of rumen-protected oil, either from fish (FO) or sunflower (SO). The FA composition in blood and five important organs, namely heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, was examined. In blood, proportions of polyunsaturated FA were increased by supplementing FO compared to SO. The largest increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) proportion was found with FO instead of SO in the kidney, the lowest in the lung. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased more in the liver than in kidney, lung, and spleen. The heart incorporated seven times more EPA than DHA, which is more than all other organs and described here for the first time in ruminants. In addition, the heart had the highest proportions of α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) of all organs. The proportions of polyunsaturated FA in the lung and spleen were exceptionally low compared to heart, liver, and kidney. In conclusion, it was shown that the response to FO in the distribution of dietary n-3 FA was organ-specific while proportions of n-6 FA were quite inert with respect to the type of oil supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wolf
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gredig
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Berard
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Shokry E, Marchioro L, Uhl O, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Segura MT, Campoy C, Koletzko B. Investigation of the impact of birth by cesarean section on fetal and maternal metabolism. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:589-600. [PMID: 31201538 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elective cesarean section (CS) was related to long-term adverse health effects in the offspring, but little is known about underlying mechanisms. Our study investigates the metabolic changes in both maternal and cord blood associated with CS in comparison to vaginal delivery (VD) to explore potential causal pathways. METHODS Samples obtained from PREOBE study participants were subjected to LC-MS/MS-targeted metabolomics comprising > 200 metabolites. RESULTS Elective CS showed an impact on both maternal and cord blood metabolomes. In maternal blood, the CS group showed lower levels of phospholipids (PL), principally ether-linked phosphatidylcholines (aaPC), pyruvic acid, branched chain keto-acids (BCKA), and other gluconeogenic substrates, but since the CS group showed different HDL levels in comparison to the VD group, we could not exclude contribution of the latter in the findings. In cord blood, the most remarkable finding in the CS group was the high levels of Cys; conversely, the lower levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), some tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, gluconeogenic substrates, markers of β-oxidation, and the sum of hexoses were lower in CS-born babies in addition to tendentially lower levels of PL. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that lower levels of maternal and fetal corticosteroids in CS, due to less stressful condition, cause metabolic perturbations at birth initiating future negative health outcomes. This further supports the early programming hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Shokry
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Medical Center, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Marchioro
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Medical Center, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Medical Center, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Mercedes G Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Segura
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Medical Center, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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26
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Torday JS. The Singularity of nature. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 142:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby affects their impact on biological processes. The composition of fatty acyl chains is also actively regulated through a deacylation and reacylation pathway called Lands' cycle. Recent studies of mouse genetic models have demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), which catalyze the incorporation of fatty acyl chains into the sn-2 site of phosphatidylcholine, play important roles in pathophysiology. Two LPCAT family members, LPCAT1 and LPCAT3, have been particularly well studied. LPCAT1 is crucial for proper lung function due to its role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. LPCAT3 maintains systemic lipid homeostasis by regulating lipid absorption in intestine, lipoprotein secretion, and de novo lipogenesis in liver. Mounting evidence also suggests that changes in LPCAT activity may be potentially involved in pathological conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, viral infections, and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of LPCAT activity and membrane phospholipid composition may provide new therapeutic options for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90272, USA;
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90272, USA;
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28
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Brandsma J, Goss VM, Yang X, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Chanez P, Dahlén SE, Fowler SJ, Horvath I, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandström T, Shaw DE, Chung KF, Singer F, Fleming LJ, Sousa AR, Pandis I, Bansal AT, Sterk PJ, Djukanović R, Postle AD. Lipid phenotyping of lung epithelial lining fluid in healthy human volunteers. Metabolomics 2018; 14:123. [PMID: 30830396 PMCID: PMC6153688 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF)-sampled through sputum induction-is a medium rich in cells, proteins and lipids. However, despite its key role in maintaining lung function, homeostasis and defences, the composition and biology of ELF, especially in respect of lipids, remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To characterise the induced sputum lipidome of healthy adult individuals, and to examine associations between different ELF lipid phenotypes and the demographic characteristics within the study cohort. METHODS Induced sputum samples were obtained from 41 healthy non-smoking adults, and their lipid compositions analysed using a combination of untargeted shotgun and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Topological data analysis (TDA) was used to group subjects with comparable sputum lipidomes in order to identify distinct ELF phenotypes. RESULTS The induced sputum lipidome was diverse, comprising a range of different molecular classes, including at least 75 glycerophospholipids, 13 sphingolipids, 5 sterol lipids and 12 neutral glycerolipids. TDA identified two distinct phenotypes differentiated by a higher total lipid content and specific enrichments of diacyl-glycerophosphocholines, -inositols and -glycerols in one group, with enrichments of sterols, glycolipids and sphingolipids in the other. Subjects presenting the lipid-rich ELF phenotype also had significantly higher BMI, but did not differ in respect of other demographic characteristics such as age or gender. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that the ELF lipidome varies significantly between healthy individuals and propose that such differences are related to weight status, highlighting the potential impact of (over)nutrition on lung lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brandsma
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Victoria M Goss
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Xian Yang
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ildiko Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK
| | | | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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29
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Liu FC, Yu HP, Lin CY, Elzoghby AO, Hwang TL, Fang JY. Use of cilomilast-loaded phosphatiosomes to suppress neutrophilic inflammation for attenuating acute lung injury: the effect of nanovesicular surface charge. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:35. [PMID: 29602314 PMCID: PMC5877390 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cilomilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for treating inflammatory lung diseases. This agent has a narrow therapeutic index with significant adverse effects on the nervous system. This study was conducted to entrap cilomilast into PEGylated phosphatidylcholine-rich niosomes (phosphatiosomes) to improve pulmonary delivery via the strong affinity to pulmonary surfactant film. Neutrophils were used as a cell model to test the anti-inflammatory activity of phosphatiosomes. In an in vivo approach, mice were given lipopolysaccharide to produce acute lung injury. The surface charge in phosphatiosomes that influenced the anti-inflammatory potency is discussed in this study. Results The average diameter of the phosphatiosomes was about 100 nm. The zeta potential of anionic and cationic nanovesicles was − 35 and 32 mV, respectively. Cilomilast in both its free and nanocapsulated forms inhibited superoxide anion production but not elastase release in activated neutrophils. Cationic phosphatiosomes mitigated calcium mobilization far more effectively than the free drug. In vivo biodistribution evaluated by organ imaging demonstrated a 2-fold ameliorated lung uptake after dye encapsulation into the phosphatiosomes. The lung/brain distribution ratio increased from 3 to 11 after nanocarrier loading. The intravenous nanocarriers deactivated the neutrophils in ALI, resulting in the elimination of hemorrhage and alveolar wall damage. Only cationic phosphatiosomes could significantly suppress IL-1β and TNF-α in the inflamed lung tissue. Conclusions These results suggest that phosphatiosomes should further be investigated as a potential nanocarrier for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Cell Pharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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30
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Chen YJ, Meyer J, Wambach JA, DePass K, Wegner DJ, Fan X, Zhang QY, Hillary H, Cole FS, Hamvas A. Gene variants of the phosphatidylcholine synthesis pathway do not contribute to RDS in the Chinese population. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:52-56. [PMID: 29411327 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine population-based prevalence and disease contribution of phosphatidylcholine synthetic pathway-associated gene variants in a native southern Chinese cohort. METHODS We used bloodspots from 2010 that were obtained from the Guangxi Neonatal Screening Center in Nannning China and included the Han (n = 443) and Zhuang (n = 313) ethnic groups. We sequenced the exons of cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase (PCYT1B) lysophospholipid acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), and cholinephosphotransferase (CHPT1) genes, and analyzed both rare and common exonic variants. RESULTS We obtained five mutations (G199D, A299V, G434C, Y490C, L312S) with eight alleles in the three candidate genes. The collapsed minor allele frequency for candidate genes was not significantly different between the Han and Zhuang populations (0.0045 vs. 0.0064, respectively, P = 0.725). The combined Han and Zhuang pool collapsed carrier frequency of rare mutation allele was found to be 1.06%, which is much higher than previously reported for the Missouri population (0.1%). Further, we detected six exonic common variants (three in LPCAT1 and three in CHPT1), with three non-synonymous variants (F162S, F341L, M427K) among them. Two of the non-synonymous exonic variants (F341L, M427K) were not found in CHB; F341L was also not previously reported in exome sequencing project. CONCLUSIONS The population-based frequency of mutations in the phosphatidylcholine synthesis pathway-associated genes PCYT1B LPCAT1, CHPT1 is low in southern Chinese newborns and there is no evidence of contribution to population-based disease burden of respiratory distress syndrome. As a population-based study of rare mutations and common variants, this work is valuable in directing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Chen
- Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Julia Meyer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wambach
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Kelcey DePass
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Daniel J Wegner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Xin Fan
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qun-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Heins Hillary
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Aaron Hamvas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA. .,Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Box #45, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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31
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Development of the Swimbladder Surfactant System and Biogenesis of Lysosome-Related Organelles Is Regulated by BLOS1 in Zebrafish. Genetics 2018; 208:1131-1146. [PMID: 29339408 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a human autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a deficiency of the platelet storage pool resulting from defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs). To date, 10 HPS genes have been identified, three of which belong to the octamer complex BLOC-1 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1). One subunit of the BLOC-1 complex, BLOS1, also participates in the BLOC-1-related complex (BORC). Due to lethality at the early embryo stage in BLOS1 knockout mice, the function of BLOS1 in the above two complexes and whether it has a novel function are unclear. Here, we generated three zebrafish mutant lines with a BLOC-1 deficiency, in which melanin and silver pigment formation was attenuated as a result of mutation of bloc1s1, bloc1s2, and dtnbp1a, suggesting that they function in the same complex. In addition, mutations of bloc1s1 and bloc1s2 caused an accumulation of clusters of lysosomal vesicles at the posterior part of the tectum, representing a BORC-specific function in zebrafish. Moreover, bloc1s1 is highly expressed in the swimbladder during postembryonic stages and is required for positively regulating the expression of the genes, which is known to govern surfactant production and lung development in mammals. Our study identified BLOS1 as a crucial regulator of the surfactant system. Thus, the zebrafish swimbladder might be an easy system to screen and study genetic modifiers that control surfactant production and homeostasis.
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32
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Yan F, Wen Z, Wang R, Luo W, Du Y, Wang W, Chen X. Identification of the lipid biomarkers from plasma in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by Lipidomics. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:174. [PMID: 29212488 PMCID: PMC5719761 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible interstitial pulmonary disease featured by high mortality, chronic and progressive course, and poor prognosis with unclear etiology. Currently, more studies have been focusing on identifying biomarkers to predict the progression of IPF, such as genes, proteins, and lipids. Lipids comprise diverse classes of molecules and play a critical role in cellular energy storage, structure, and signaling. The role of lipids in respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been investigated intensely in the recent years. The human serum lipid profiles in IPF patients however, have not been thoroughly understood and it will be very helpful if there are available molecular biomarkers, which can be used to monitor the disease progression or provide prognostic information for IPF disease. Methods In this study, we performed the ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to detect the lipid variation and identify biomarker in plasma of IPF patients. The plasma were from 22 IPF patients before received treatment and 18 controls. Results A total of 507 individual blood lipid species were determined with lipidomics from the 40 plasma samples including 20 types of fatty acid, 159 types of glycerolipids, 221 types of glycerophospholipids, 47 types of sphingolipids, 46 types of sterol lipids, 7 types of prenol lipids, 3 types of saccharolipids, and 4 types of polyketides. By comparing the variations in the lipid metabolite levels in IPF patients, a total of 62 unique lipids were identified by statistical analysis including 24 kinds of glycerophoslipids, 30 kinds of glycerolipids, 3 kinds of sterol lipids, 4 kinds of sphingolipids and 1 kind of fatty acids. Finally, 6 out of 62 discriminating lipids were selected as the potential biomarkers, which are able to differentiate between IPF disease and controls with ROC analysis. Conclusions Our results provided vital information regarding lipid metabolism in IPF patients and more importantly, a few potentially promising biomarkers were firstly identified which may have a predictive role in monitoring and diagnosing IPF disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0513-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China.
| | - Zhensong Wen
- Division of Research and Education, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The LongFu hospital of Beijing, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Wenling Luo
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, ShanXi, 030001, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Beijing Qiji Biotechnology Company, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianyang Chen
- Beijing Qiji Biotechnology Company, Beijing, 100193, China
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Growth factors regulate phospholipid biosynthesis in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes obtained from osteoarthritic knees. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13469. [PMID: 29044208 PMCID: PMC5647370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of growth factors and phospholipids (PLs) have been found in osteoarthritic synovial fluid (SF), although the metabolic regulation of PLs is currently unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of growth factors on the biosynthesis of PLs by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) obtained from human osteoarthritic knee joints. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was applied to analyse the newly synthesized PLs. In the presence of stable isotope-labelled PL precursors, cultured FLS were treated with either transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-7 or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) alone or in combination with specific inhibitors of cell signalling pathways. TGF-β1 and IGF-1 markedly stimulated the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) before sphingomyelin (SM) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species were stimulated. BMPs elaborated less pronounced effects. The BMPs tested have different potentials to induce the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-based plasmalogens. Our study shows for the first time that TGF-β1 and IGF-1 substantially regulate the biosynthesis of PC, SM and LPC in human FLS. The functional consequences of elevated levels of PLs require additional study. The BMPs tested may be joint protective in that they upregulate PE-based plasmalogens that function as endogenous antioxidants against reactive oxygen species.
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Hunt AN, Malur A, Monfort T, Lagoudakis P, Mahajan S, Postle AD, Thomassen MJ. Hepatic Steatosis Accompanies Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:448-458. [PMID: 28489415 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0242oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue-specific organ lipid compositions characterizes mammalian lipid homeostasis. The lungs and liver synthesize mixed phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species that are subsequently tailored for function. The lungs progressively enrich disaturated PC directed to lamellar body surfactant stores before secretion. The liver accumulates polyunsaturated PC directed to very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion, or to triglyceride stores. In each tissue, selective PC species enrichment mechanisms lie at the heart of effective homeostasis. We tested for potential coordination between these spatially separated but possibly complementary phenomena under a major derangement of lung PC metabolism, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), which overwhelms homeostasis and leads to excessive surfactant accumulation. Using static and dynamic lipidomics techniques, we compared (1) tissue PC compositions and contents, and (2) in lungs, the absolute rates of synthesis in both control mice and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor knockout model of PAP. Significant disaturated PC accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alveolar macrophage, and lavaged lung tissue occurred alongside increased PC synthesis, consistent with reported defects in alveolar macrophage surfactant turnover. However, microscopy using oil red O staining, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, second harmonic generation, and transmission electron microscopy also revealed neutral-lipid droplet accumulations in alveolar lipofibroblasts of granular macrophage colony-stimulating factor knockout animals, suggesting that lipid homeostasis deficits extend beyond alveolar macrophages. PAP plasma PC composition was significantly polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched, but the content was unchanged and hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched PC content increased by 50% with an accompanying micro/macrovesicular steatosis and a fibrotic damage pattern consistent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These data suggest a hepatopulmonary axis of PC metabolism coordination, with wider implications for understanding and managing lipid pathologies in which compromise of one organ has unexpected consequences for another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Hunt
- 1 Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Anagha Malur
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | - Pavlos Lagoudakis
- 4 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Mary Jane Thomassen
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Beers MF, Moodley Y. When Is an Alveolar Type 2 Cell an Alveolar Type 2 Cell? A Conundrum for Lung Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:18-27. [PMID: 28326803 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0426ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating mature, differentiated, adult lung cells from pluripotent cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, offers the hope of both generating disease-specific in vitro models and creating definitive and personalized therapies for a host of debilitating lung parenchymal and airway diseases. With the goal of advancing lung-regenerative medicine, several groups have developed and reported on protocols using defined media, coculture with mesenchymal components, or sequential treatments mimicking lung development, to obtain distal lung epithelial cells from stem cell precursors. However, there remains significant controversy about the degree of differentiation of these cells compared with their primary counterparts, coupled with a lack of consistency or uniformity in assessing the resultant phenotypes. Given the inevitable, exponential expansion of these approaches and the probable, but yet-to-emerge second and higher generation techniques to create such assets, we were prompted to pose the question, what makes a lung epithelial cell a lung epithelial cell? More specifically for this Perspective, we also posed the question, what are the minimum features that constitute an alveolar type (AT) 2 epithelial cell? In addressing this, we summarize a body of work spanning nearly five decades, amassed by a series of "lung epithelial cell biology pioneers," which carefully describes well characterized molecular, functional, and morphological features critical for discriminately assessing an AT2 phenotype. Armed with this, we propose a series of core criteria to assist the field in confirming that cells obtained following a differentiation protocol are indeed mature and functional AT2 epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Beers
- 1 Lung Epithelial Biology Laboratories, Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Yuben Moodley
- 2 University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Location, function, and ontogeny of pulmonary macrophages during the steady state. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:561-572. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes and cell signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:68-83. [PMID: 27932289 PMCID: PMC5810417 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 represents a widely distributed group of peroxiredoxins that contain a single conserved cysteine in the protein monomer (1-cys Prdx). The cys when oxidized to the sulfenic form is reduced with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the π isoform of GSH-S-transferase. Three enzymatic activities of the protein have been described:1) peroxidase with H2O2, short chain hydroperoxides, and phospholipid hydroperoxides as substrates; 2) phospholipase A2 (PLA2); and 3) lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT). These activities have important physiological roles in antioxidant defense, turnover of cellular phospholipids, and the generation of superoxide anion via initiation of the signaling cascade for activation of NADPH oxidase (type 2). The ability of Prdx6 to reduce peroxidized cell membrane phospholipids (peroxidase activity) and also to replace the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl group through hydrolysis/reacylation (PLA2 and LPCAT activities) provides a complete system for the repair of peroxidized cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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38
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Mixed DPPC/POPC Monolayers: All-atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Langmuir Monolayer Experiments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:3120-3130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lung surfactant metabolism: early in life, early in disease and target in cell therapy. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:721-735. [PMID: 27783217 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins lining the alveolar epithelium. At the air-liquid interface, surfactant lowers surface tension, avoiding alveolar collapse and reducing the work of breathing. The essential role of lung surfactant in breathing and therefore in life, is highlighted by surfactant deficiency in premature neonates, which causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and results in early death after birth. In addition, defects in surfactant metabolism alter lung homeostasis and lead to disease. Special attention should be paid to two important key cells responsible for surfactant metabolism: alveolar epithelial type II cells (AE2C) and alveolar macrophages (AM). On the one hand, surfactant deficiency coming from abnormal AE2C function results in high surface tension, promoting alveolar collapse and mechanical stress in the epithelium. This epithelial injury contributes to tissue remodeling and lung fibrosis. On the other hand, impaired surfactant catabolism by AM leads to accumulation of surfactant in air spaces and the associated altered lung function in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We review here two recent cell therapies that aim to recover the activity of AE2C or AM, respectively, therefore targeting the restoring of surfactant metabolism and lung homeostasis. Applied therapies successfully show either transplantation of healthy AE2C in fibrotic lungs, to replace injured AE2C cells and surfactant, or transplantation of bone marrow-derived macrophages to counteract accumulation of surfactant lipid and proteinaceous material in the alveolar spaces leading to PAP. These therapies introduce an alternative treatment with great potential for patients suffering from lung diseases.
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40
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Hemström P, Larsson A, Elfsmark L, Åstot C. l-α-Phosphatidylglycerol Chlorohydrins as Potential Biomarkers for Chlorine Gas Exposure. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9972-9979. [PMID: 27673432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine is a widely available toxic chemical that has been repeatedly used in armed conflict globally. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) have on numerous occasions found "compelling confirmation" that chlorine gas has been used against civilians in northern Syria. However, currently, there are no analytical methods available to unambiguously prove chlorine gas exposure. In this study, we describe the screening for chlorinated biomolecules by the use of mass isotope ratio filters followed by the identification of two biomarkers present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from chlorine gas exposed mice. The relevance of these markers for human exposure was verified by their presence in in vitro chlorinated human BALF. The biomarkers were detectable for 72 h after exposure and were absent in nonexposed control animals. Furthermore, the biomarkers were not detected in humans diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases. The potential chlorine specific markers were all chlorohydrins of unsaturated pulmonary surfactant phospholipids; phosphatidylglycerols, and phosphatidylcholines. Mass spectrometry fragmentation characteristics were favorable for the phosphatidylglycerol chlorohydrins, and they were therefore proposed as the best biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Hemström
- The Swedish Defense Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defense and Security, 90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Larsson
- The Swedish Defense Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defense and Security, 90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Elfsmark
- The Swedish Defense Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defense and Security, 90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Crister Åstot
- The Swedish Defense Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defense and Security, 90182 Umeå, Sweden
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41
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Semba RD, Zhang P, Gonzalez-Freire M, Moaddel R, Trehan I, Maleta KM, Ordiz MI, Ferrucci L, Manary MJ. The association of serum choline with linear growth failure in young children from rural Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:191-7. [PMID: 27281303 PMCID: PMC4919529 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.129684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient for cell structure, cell signaling, neurotransmission, lipid transport, and bone formation. Choline can be irreversibly converted to betaine, a major source of methyl groups. Trimethylene N-oxide (TMAO), a proatherogenic molecule, is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline by the gut microbiome. The relation between serum choline and its closely related metabolites with linear growth in children is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim was to characterize the relation between serum choline and its closely related metabolites, betaine and TMAO, with linear growth and stunting in young children. DESIGN We measured serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations by using liquid chromatography isotopic dilution tandem mass spectrometry in a cross-sectional study in 325 Malawian children, aged 12-59 mo, of whom 62% were stunted. RESULTS Median (25th, 75th percentile) serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations were 6.4 (4.8, 8.3), 12.4 (9.1, 16.3), and 1.2 (0.7, 1.8) μmol/L, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients of age with serum choline, betaine, and TMAO were -0.57 (P < 0.0001), -0.26 (P < 0.0001), and -0.10 (P = 0.07), respectively. Correlation coefficients of height-for-age z score with serum choline, betaine-to-choline ratio, and TMAO-to-choline ratio were 0.31 (P < 0.0001), -0.24 (P < 0.0001), and -0.29 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Serum choline concentrations were strongly and significantly associated with stunting. Children with and without stunting had median (25th, 75th percentile) serum choline concentrations of 5.6 (4.4, 7.4) and 7.3 (5.9, 9.1) μmol/L (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Linear growth failure in young children is associated with low serum choline and elevated betaine-to-choline and TMAO-to-choline ratios. Further work is needed to understand whether low dietary choline intake explains low circulating choline among stunted children living in low-income countries and whether increasing choline intake may correct choline deficiency and improve growth and development. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry (www.isrctn.com) as ISRCTN14597012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and Departments of Community Health and Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kenneth M Maleta
- Community Health and Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - M Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and Departments of
| | | | - Mark J Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and Departments of Community Health and Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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42
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Semba RD, Shardell M, Trehan I, Moaddel R, Maleta KM, Ordiz MI, Kraemer K, Khadeer M, Ferrucci L, Manary MJ. Metabolic alterations in children with environmental enteric dysfunction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28009. [PMID: 27294788 PMCID: PMC4904796 DOI: 10.1038/srep28009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction, an asymptomatic condition characterized by inflammation of the small bowel mucosa, villous atrophy, malabsorption, and increased intestinal permeability, is a major contributor to childhood stunting in low-income countries. Here we report the relationship of increased intestinal permeability with serum metabolites in 315 children without acute malnutrition, aged 12-59 months, in rural Malawi. Increased gut permeability was associated with significant differences in circulating metabolites that included lower serum phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, tryptophan, ornithine, and citrulline, and elevated serum glutamate, taurine, and serotonin. Our findings suggest that environmental enteric dysfunction is characterized by alterations in important metabolites involved in growth and differentiation and gut function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michelle Shardell
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kenneth M Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - M Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life,, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark J Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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Sorokina EM, Dodia C, Zhou S, Tao JQ, Gao L, Raabe T, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Mutation of Serine 32 to Threonine in Peroxiredoxin 6 Preserves Its Structure and Enzymatic Function but Abolishes Its Trafficking to Lamellar Bodies. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9268-80. [PMID: 26921317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a bifunctional protein with phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) and GSH peroxidase activities, protects lungs from oxidative stress and participates in lung surfactant phospholipid turnover. Prdx6 has been localized to both cytosol and lamellar bodies (LB) in lung epithelium, and its organellar targeting sequence has been identified. We propose that Prdx6 LB targeting facilitates its role in the metabolism of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ser-32 has been identified as the active site in Prdx6 for aiPLA2 activity, and this activity was abolished by the mutation of serine 32 to alanine (S32A). However, aiPLA2 activity was unaffected by mutation of serine 32 in Prdx6 to threonine (S32T). Prdx6 protein expression and aiPLA2 activity were normal in the whole lung of a "knock-in" mouse model carrying an S32T mutation in the Prdx6 gene but were absent from isolated LB. Analyses by proximity ligation assay in lung sections demonstrated the inability of S32T Prdx6 to bind to the chaperone protein, 14-3-3ϵ, that is required for LB targeting. The content of total phospholipid, PC, and disaturated PC in lung tissue homogenate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung LB was increased significantly in Prdx6-S32T mutant lungs, whereas degradation of internalized [(3)H]dipalmitoyl-PC was significantly decreased. Thus, Thr can substitute for Ser for the enzymatic activities of Prdx6 but not for its targeting to LB. These results confirm an important role for LB Prdx6 in the degradation and remodeling of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sorokina
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Chandra Dodia
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Suiping Zhou
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Ling Gao
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Penn Gene Targeting Core and Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Aron B Fisher
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
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Titz B, Boué S, Phillips B, Talikka M, Vihervaara T, Schneider T, Nury C, Elamin A, Guedj E, Peck MJ, Schlage WK, Cabanski M, Leroy P, Vuillaume G, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Veljkovic E, Ekroos K, Laaksonen R, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Cessation, and Switching to Two Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products on Lung Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- Mice-An Integrative Systems Toxicology Analysis. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149:441-57. [PMID: 26582801 PMCID: PMC4725611 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of cigarette smoke (CS), a major cause of lung diseases, on the composition and metabolism of lung lipids is incompletely understood. Here, we integrated quantitative lipidomics and proteomics to investigate exposure effects on lung lipid metabolism in a C57BL/6 and an Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mouse study. In these studies, mice were exposed to high concentrations of 3R4F reference CS, aerosol from potential modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) or filtered air (Sham) for up to 8 months. The 2 assessed MRTPs, the prototypical MRTP for C57BL/6 mice and the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 for Apoe(-/-) mice, utilize "heat-not-burn" technologies and were each matched in nicotine concentrations to the 3R4F CS. After 2 months of CS exposure, some groups were either switched to the MRTP or underwent cessation. In both mouse strains, CS strongly affected several categories of lung lipids and lipid-related proteins. Candidate surfactant lipids, surfactant proteins, and surfactant metabolizing proteins were increased. Inflammatory eicosanoids, their metabolic enzymes, and several ceramide classes were elevated. Overall, CS induced a coordinated lipid response controlled by transcription regulators such as SREBP proteins and supported by other metabolic adaptations. In contrast, most of these changes were absent in the mice exposed to the potential MRTPs, in the cessation group, and the switching group. Our findings demonstrate the complex biological response of the lungs to CS exposure and support the benefits of cessation or switching to a heat-not-burn product using a design such as those employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland; *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Stéphanie Boué
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, 50 Science Park Road, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Marja Talikka
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schneider
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Peck
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Cabanski
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Biologinkuja 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
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Fisher AB, Dodia C, Sorokina EM, Li H, Zhou S, Raabe T, Feinstein SI. A novel lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activity is expressed by peroxiredoxin 6. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:587-96. [PMID: 26830860 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity of peroxiredoxin (Prdx)6 has important physiological roles in the synthesis of lung surfactant and in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes. These functions require the activity of a lysophospholipid acyl transferase as a critical component of the phospholipid remodeling pathway. We now describe a lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity for Prdx6 that showed a strong preference for lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as the head group and for palmitoyl CoA in the acylation reaction. The calculated kinetic constants for acylation wereKm18 μM andVmax30 nmol/min/mg protein; theVmaxwas increased 25-fold by phosphorylation of the protein whileKmwas unchanged. Study of recombinant protein in vitro and in mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with a lentiviral vector construct indicated that amino acid D31 is crucial for LPCAT activity. A linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that LPC generated by Prdx6 PLA2activity remained bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction. Prdx6 is the first LPCAT enzyme with demonstrated cytoplasmic localization. Thus, Prdx6 is a complete enzyme comprising both PLA2and LPCAT activities for the remodeling pathway of PC synthesis or for repair of membrane lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Penn Gene Targeting Core and Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Trunova VA, Sidorina AV, Zvereva VV, Churin BV, Starkova EV, Sorokoletov DS. Content of bioelements in the lungs and liver in rats with alimentary obesity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 33:95-9. [PMID: 26653749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence technique (SRXRF) was applied to the determination of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, and Sr concentrations in the liver and lungs in Wistar rats. The animals in the experiment included (1) healthy rats, (2) rats with alimentary obesity (AO), and (3) rats with alimentary obesity that were being given zinc sulphate with water for a long time (АО+Zn). Each group was divided into two subgroups. The experiment with the first subgroup was terminated with the animals in the state of physiological hunger and subsequent retrieval of liver and lung tissue, while the animals of the second subgroup were sacrificed two hours after ingestion of lard. The rats in physiological hunger manifested intergroup differences in the content of the bioelements (BEs) neither in the liver nor in the lungs. The rats with AO, as compared with the healthy animals, demonstrated in physiological hunger redistribution of inter-element correlations (IECs), which is an indirect reflection of sustained metabolic disorder. Additional zinc in the rats' ration did not affect their body weight and the concentration of the BEs (including zinc) in the liver and the lungs. However, the IECs in the tissues of these animals in physiological hunger also changed. This redistribution differed from that in the rats with AO. The IECs soon after ingestion of lard also changed, which also reflects sustained changes in the metabolism in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Trunova
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Inorganic Compounds, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - A V Sidorina
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Inorganic Compounds, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V V Zvereva
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Inorganic Compounds, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - B V Churin
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Clinical Morphology, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology SB RAMS, 2 Timakova Str., Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - E V Starkova
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology of Lymphatic System, Scientific Institution of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology SB RAMS, 2 Timakova Str., Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - D S Sorokoletov
- Laboratory 8-2, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 11, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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47
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Kemp MW, Newnham JP, Challis JG, Jobe AH, Stock SJ. The clinical use of corticosteroids in pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 22:240-59. [PMID: 26590298 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antenatal steroid therapy is common in pregnancy. In early pregnancy, steroids may be used in women for the treatment of recurrent miscarriage or fetal abnormalities such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In mid-late pregnancy, the antenatal administration of corticosteroids to expectant mothers in anticipation of preterm birth is one of the most important advances in perinatal medicine; antenatal corticosteroids are now standard care for pregnancies at risk of premature delivery in high- and middle-income countries. The widespread uptake of this therapy is due to a compelling body of evidence demonstrating improved neonatal outcomes following antenatal corticosteroid exposure, stemming most notably from corticosteroid-driven maturation of fetal pulmonary function. As we approach the 50th anniversary of landmark work in this area by Liggins and Howie, it is apparent that much remains to be understood with regards to how we might best apply antenatal corticosteroid therapy to improve pregnancy outcomes at both early and mid to late gestation. METHODS Drawing on advances in laboratory science, pre-clinical and clinical studies, we performed a narrative review of the scientific literature to provide a timely update on the benefits, risks and uncertainties regarding antenatal corticosteroid use in pregnancy. Three, well-established therapeutic uses of antenatal steroids, namely recurrent miscarriage, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and preterm birth, were selected to frame the review. RESULTS Even the most well-established antenatal steroid therapies lack the comprehensive pharmacokinetic and dose-response data necessary to optimize dosing regimens. New insights into complex, tissue-specific corticosteroid signalling by genomic-dependent and independent mechanisms have not been used to inform corticosteroid treatment strategies. There is growing evidence that some fetal corticosteroid treatments are either ineffective, or may result in adverse outcomes, in addition to lasting epigenetic changes in a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Nowhere is the need to better understand the intricacies of corticosteroid therapy better conveyed than in the findings of Althabe and colleagues who recently reported an increase in overall neonatal mortality and maternal morbidity in association with antenatal corticosteroid administration in low-resource settings. CONCLUSIONS New research to clarify the benefits and potential risks of antenatal corticosteroid therapy is urgently needed, especially with regard to corticosteroid use in low-resource environments. We conclude that there is both significant scope and an urgent need for further research-informed refinement to the use of antenatal corticosteroids in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J G Challis
- Office of the Pro Vice-Chancellor (Health and Medical Research), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A H Jobe
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S J Stock
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Romero F, Shah D, Duong M, Penn RB, Fessler MB, Madenspacher J, Stafstrom W, Kavuru M, Lu B, Kallen CB, Walsh K, Summer R. A pneumocyte-macrophage paracrine lipid axis drives the lung toward fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:74-86. [PMID: 25409201 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0343oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-laden macrophages, or "foam cells," are observed in the lungs of patients with fibrotic lung disease, but their contribution to disease pathogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that fibrosis induced by bleomycin, silica dust, or thoracic radiation promotes early and sustained accumulation of foam cells in the lung. In the bleomycin model, we show that foam cells arise from neighboring alveolar epithelial type II cells, which respond to injury by dumping lipids into the distal airspaces of the lungs. We demonstrate that oxidized phospholipids accumulate within alveolar macrophages (AMs) after bleomycin injury and that murine and human AMs treated with oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPc) become polarized along an M2 phenotype and display enhanced production of transforming growth factor-β1. The direct instillation of oxPc into the mouse lung induces foam cell formation and triggers a severe fibrotic reaction. Further, we show that reducing pulmonary lipid clearance by targeted deletion of the lipid efflux transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 increases foam cell formation and worsens lung fibrosis after bleomycin. Conversely, we found that treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor attenuates fibrotic responses, at least in part through its ability to decrease AM lipid accumulation. In summary, this work describes a novel mechanism leading to foam cell formation in the mouse lung and suggests that strategies aimed at blocking foam cell formation might be effective for treating fibrotic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Romero
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Dilip Shah
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Michelle Duong
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Raymond B Penn
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Michael B Fessler
- 2 Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Jennifer Madenspacher
- 2 Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - William Stafstrom
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Mani Kavuru
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Bo Lu
- 3 Bodine Cancer Center, and
| | - Caleb B Kallen
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- 5 Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Summer
- 1 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
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49
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Zhao YY, Miao H, Cheng XL, Wei F. Lipidomics: Novel insight into the biochemical mechanism of lipid metabolism and dysregulation-associated disease. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:220-38. [PMID: 26358168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of lipidomics, after genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, offered largely opportunities to illuminate the entire spectrum of lipidome based on a quantitative or semi-quantitative level in a biological system. When combined with advances in proteomics and metabolomics high-throughput platforms, lipidomics provided the opportunity for analyzing the unique roles of specific lipids in complex cellular processes. Abnormal lipid metabolism was demonstrated to be greatly implicated in many human lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we focused on lipidomic applications in brain injury disease, cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and infectious disease to discover disease biomarkers and illustrate biochemical metabolic pathways. We also discussed the analytical techniques, future perspectives and potential problems of lipidomic applications. The application of lipidomics in disease biomarker discovery provides the opportunity for gaining novel insights into biochemical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, PR China.
| | - Hua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, PR China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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50
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Passive targeting of phosphatiosomes increases rolipram delivery to the lungs for treatment of acute lung injury: An animal study. J Control Release 2015; 213:69-78. [PMID: 26164036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanovesicle carrier, phosphatiosomes, was developed to enhance the targeting efficiency of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor to the lungs for treating acute lung injury (ALI) by intravenous administration. Phosphatiosomes were the basis of a niosomal system containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG). Rolipram was used as the model drug loaded in the phosphatiosomes. Bioimaging, biodistribution, activated neutrophil inhibition, and ALI treatment were performed to evaluate the feasibility of phosphatiosomes as the lung-targeting carriers. An encapsulation percentage of >90% was achieved for rolipram-loaded nanovesicles. The vesicle size and zeta potential of the phosphatiosomes were 154 nm and -34 mV, respectively. Real-time imaging in rats showed a delayed and lower uptake of phosphatiosomes by the liver and spleen. Ex vivo bioimaging demonstrated a high accumulation of phosphatiosomes in the lungs. In vivo biodistribution exhibited increased lung accumulation and reduced brain penetration of rolipram in phosphatiosomes relative to the control solution. Phosphatiosomes improved the lungs/brain ratio of the drug by more than 7-fold. Interaction with pulmonary lipoprotein surfactants and the subsequent aggregation may be the mechanisms for facilitating lung targeting by phosphatiosomes. Rolipram could continue to inhibit active neutrophils after inclusion in the nanovesicles by suppressing O2(-) generation and elevating cAMP. Phosphatiosomes significantly alleviated ALI in mice as revealed by examining their pulmonary appearance, edema, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histopathology. This study highlights the potential of nanovesicles to deliver the drug for targeting the lungs and attenuating nervous system side effects.
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