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Cueto R, Shen W, Liu L, Wang X, Wu S, Mohsin S, Yang L, Khan M, Hu W, Snyder N, Wu Q, Ji Y, Yang XF, Wang H. SAH is a major metabolic sensor mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk in metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103139. [PMID: 38696898 PMCID: PMC11070633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed worsening metabolic crosstalk in mouse models with concomitant metabolic disorders such as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia and in human coronary artery disease by analyzing metabolic profiles. We found that HHcy worsening is most sensitive to other metabolic disorders. To identify metabolic genes and metabolites responsible for the worsening metabolic crosstalk, we examined mRNA levels of 324 metabolic genes in Hcy, glucose-related and lipid metabolic systems. We examined Hcy-metabolites (Hcy, SAH and SAM) by LS-ESI-MS/MS in 6 organs (heart, liver, brain, lung, spleen, and kidney) from C57BL/6J mice. Through linear regression analysis of Hcy-metabolites and metabolic gene mRNA levels, we discovered that SAH-responsive genes were responsible for most metabolic changes and all metabolic crosstalk mediated by Serine, Taurine, and G3P. SAH-responsive genes worsen glucose metabolism and cause upper glycolysis activation and lower glycolysis suppression, indicative of the accumulation of glucose/glycogen and G3P, Serine synthesis inhibition, and ATP depletion. Insufficient Serine due to negative correlation of PHGDH with SAH concentration may inhibit the folate cycle and transsulfurarion pathway and consequential reduced antioxidant power, including glutathione, taurine, NADPH, and NAD+. Additionally, we identified SAH-activated pathological TG loop as the consequence of increased fatty acid (FA) uptake, FA β-oxidation and Ac-CoA production along with lysosomal damage. We concluded that HHcy is most responsive to other metabolic changes in concomitant metabolic disorders and mediates worsening metabolic crosstalk mainly via SAH-responsive genes, that organ-specific Hcy metabolism determines organ-specific worsening metabolic reprogramming, and that SAH, acetyl-CoA, Serine and Taurine are critical metabolites mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk, redox disturbance, hypomethylation and hyperacetylation linking worsening metabolic reprogramming in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Fujii M, Bessho R, Akimoto T, Ishii Y. Cardioprotective effect of St. Thomas' Hospital No. 2 solution against age-related changes in aquaporin-7-deficient mice. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 72:368-375. [PMID: 37691043 PMCID: PMC11127861 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-023-01975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether St. Thomas' Hospital No. 2 solution (STH2) is equally effective in both young and aged aquaporin-7-knockout (AQP7-KO) mice and the mechanisms by which the intra-myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content is altered during ischemia without aquaporin-7. METHODS In study 1, isolated hearts of male wild-type (WT) and AQP7-KO mice (< 12 weeks old) were Langendorff perfused with 5-min STH2 prior to a 20-min global ischemia (GI) or 25-min GI without STH2. Similarly, in Study 2, hearts from WT and AQP7-KO mice (≥ 24 weeks old) were subjected to 2-min STH2 infusion prior to GI. In study 3, intra-myocardial ATP content was compared before (sham) and after (control or STH2) ischemia in mature WT and AQP7-KO mice. RESULTS In study 1, troponin T levels (ng/g wet weight) of WT and AQP7-KO hearts were significantly lower in the STH2 groups (75.6 ± 45.9 and 80.2 ± 52.2, respectively) than in the GI groups (934.0 ± 341.1 and 1089.3 ± 182.5, respectively). In Study 2, troponin T levels in aged WT and AQP7-KO mice were 566.5 ± 550.0 and 547.8 ± 594.3, respectively (p = 0.9561). In Study 3, ATP levels (μmol/g protein) in the sham, control, and STH2 AQP7-KO mice groups were 4.45, 2.57, and 3.37, respectively(p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the cardio-protective efficacy of STH2 in an experimental model of isolated AQP7-KO young and aged murine hearts. Further, STH2 preserved intra-myocardial ATP during ischemia with Krebs-Henseleit buffer perfusion in the Langendorff setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujii
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan.
| | - Ryuzo Bessho
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Toshio Akimoto
- Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishii
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
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Gurung R, Masood M, Singh P, Jha P, Sinha A, Ajmeriya S, Sharma M, Dohare R, Haque MM. Uncovering the role of aquaporin and chromobox family members as potential biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via integrative multiomics and in silico approach. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00843-6. [PMID: 38358594 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a diverse group of tumors arising from oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx squamous epithelium, posing significant morbidity. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins forming water channels, some associated with carcinomas. Chromobox (CBX) family is known to modulate physiological and oncological processes. In our study, we analyzed AQPs and CBXs having significant expression followed by their prognostic and mutational assessment. Next, we performed enrichment and tumor infiltration analysis followed by HPA validation. Lastly, we established a 3-node miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network and performed protein-protein docking of the highest-degree subnetwork motif between TF and mRNA. Significant upregulation of CBX3/2 and downregulation of AQP3/5/7 correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in HNSC patients. The most significant pathway, GO-BP, GO-MF, and GO-CC terms associated with AQP3 and CBX3 were passive transport by aquaporins, response to vitamin, glycerol channel activity, and condensed chromosome, centromeric region. AQP3 negatively correlated with [Formula: see text] T cells, positively with [Formula: see text] T cells and B cells, and negatively with tumor purity, whereas CBX3 positively correlated with [Formula: see text] T cells, negatively with [Formula: see text] T cells and B cells, and positively with tumor purity. Three-node miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network revealed a highest-degree subnetwork motif comprising one TF (SMAD3), one miRNA (miR-423-5p), and one mRNA (AQP3). Protein-protein interaction studies suggested a direct interaction between AQP3 and Smad3 proteins. We concluded that AQP3 and CBX3 hold potential as treatment strategies and individual prognostic biomarkers, while further protein-protein interaction studies of AQP3 could offer insights into its interactions with Smad3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Gurung
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Masood
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Prakash Jha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anuradha Sinha
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Muzaffarpur, 842004, India
| | - Swati Ajmeriya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Milin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Liu M, Mi YJ, Dai J. Aquaporin 7 is upregulated through the PI3K-Akt pathway and modulates decidualisation of endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:669-675. [PMID: 37879294 DOI: 10.1071/rd23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) is selectively expressed in decidualised endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) of mice surrounding the embryonic implantation sites. However, the roles of AQP7 and the underlying mechanism that regulates AQP7 expression in endometrial decidualisation after implantation are still unclear. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the role of the PI3K-Akt pathway in regulating the expression of AQP7 in ESCs and decidualisation. METHODS Primary ESCs of pregnant mice were isolated to establish in vitro decidualisation models. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was added to the decidualisation models, then AQP7 expression, changes in decidualised ESC morphology and expression of decidualisation marker molecules were examined. KEY RESULTS AQP7 knockdown reduced the proliferation and differentiation of ESCs with in vitro induced decidualisation. Furthermore, when the activity of PI3K was inhibited by LY294002, the expression of AQP7 in decidualised ESCs was decreased and both the proliferation and differentiation of ESCs were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that AQP7 is a key molecule involved in endometrial decidualisation and the expression of AQP7 is upregulated through activation of the PI3K-Akt pathways, which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of the ESCs, thus affecting occurrence of decidualisation. IMPLICATIONS This study may provide a new biomarker for the diagnosis of infertility and a new drug target for the prevention and treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Clinical Medicine Education, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jie Mi
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Clinical Medicine Education, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Shah A, Wondisford FE. Gluconeogenesis Flux in Metabolic Disease. Annu Rev Nutr 2023; 43:153-177. [PMID: 37603427 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is a critical biosynthetic process that helps maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and becomes altered in certain medical diseases. We review gluconeogenic flux in various medical diseases, including common metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, specific inborn genetic errors, and cancer. We discuss how the altered gluconeogenic activity contributes to disease pathogenesis using data from experiments using isotopic tracer and spectroscopy methodologies. These in vitro, animal, and human studies provide insights into the changes in circulating levels of available gluconeogenesis substrates and the efficiency of converting those substrates to glucose by gluconeogenic organs. We highlight ongoing knowledge gaps, discuss emerging research areas, and suggest future investigations. A better understanding of altered gluconeogenesis flux may ultimately identify novel and targeted treatment strategies for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; ,
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Li HS, Kuang JY, Liu GJ, Wu WJ, Yin XL, Li HD, Wang L, Qin T, Zhang WC, Sun YY. Myostain is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated anti-obesity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1106-1115. [PMID: 35639355 PMCID: PMC9176416 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity, one of the major public health problems worldwide, has attracted increasing attention. Ginsenoside Rb1 is the most abundant active component of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey (Araliaceae) and is reported to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which Rb1 regulates obesity remain to be explored. OBJECTIVE This paper intends to further explore the mechanism of Rb1 in regulating obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The C57BL/6 obese mice were divided into two groups: the control (CTR) and Rb1. The CTR group [intraperitoneally (ip) administered with saline] and the Rb1 group (ip administered with Rb1, 40 mg/kg/d) were treated daily for four weeks. In vitro, Rb1 (0, 10, 20, 40 μM) was added to differentiated C2C12 cells and Rb1 (0, 20, 40 μM) was added to 3T3-L1 cells. After 24 h, total RNA and protein from C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells were used to detect myostatin (MSTN) and fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) expression. RESULTS Rb1 reduced the body weight and adipocyte size. Improved glucose tolerance and increased basic metabolic activity were also found in Rb1 treated mice. MSTN was downregulated in differentiated C2C12 cells, 3T3-L1 cells and adipose tissues upon Rb1 treatment. FNDC5 was increased after Rb1 treatment. However, MSTN overexpression attenuated Rb1-mediated decrease accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS Rb1 may ameliorate obesity in part through the MSTN/FNDC5 signalling pathway. Our results showed that Rb1 can be used as an effective drug in the treatment of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang-Ying Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Jun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Lun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao-Dong Li
- Grade 2018, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medicine (5 + 3), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Qian C, Zhou Y, Yu Q, Yuan J, Lv Y, Zhang L, Chang X, Li Y, Liu Y. Recurrent hypoglycemia increases hepatic gluconeogenesis without affecting glycogen metabolism or systemic lipolysis in rat. Metabolism 2022; 136:155310. [PMID: 36063868 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) impairs secretion of counterregulatory hormones. Whether and how RH affects responses within metabolically important peripheral organs to counterregulatory hormones are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of RH on metabolic pathways associated with glucose counterregulation within liver, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. METHODS Using a widely adopted rodent model of 3-day recurrent hypoglycemia, we first checked expression of counterregulatory hormone G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), their inhibitory regulators and downstream enzymes catalyzing glycogen metabolism, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis by qPCR and western blot. Then, we examined epinephrine-induced phosphorylation of PKA substrates to validate adrenergic sensitivity in each organ. Next, we measured hepatic and skeletal glycogen content, degree of breakdown by epinephrine and abundance of phosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase under hypoglycemia and that of phosphorylated glycogen synthase during recovery to evaluate glycogen turnover. Further, we performed pyruvate and lactate tolerance tests to assess gluconeogenesis. Additionally, we measured circulating FFA and glycerol to check lipolysis. The abovementioned studies were repeated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Finally, we conducted epinephrine tolerance test to investigate systemic glycemic excursions to counterregulatory hormones. Saline-injected rats served as controls. RESULTS RH increased counterregulatory hormone GPCR signaling in liver and epidydimal white adipose tissue (eWAT), but not in skeletal muscle. For glycogen metabolism, RH did not affect total content or epinephrine-stimulated breakdown in liver and skeletal muscle. Although RH decreased expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase 2, it did not affect hepatic glycogen biosynthesis during recovery from hypoglycemia or after fasting-refeeding. For gluconeogenesis, RH upregulated fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1 and monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 that imports lactate as precursor, resulting in a lower blood lactate profile during hypoglycemia. In agreement, RH elevated fasting blood glucose and caused higher glycemic excursions during pyruvate tolerance test. For lipolysis, RH did not affect circulating levels of FFA and glycerol after overnight fasting or upon epinephrine stimulation. Interestingly, RH upregulated the trophic fatty acid transporter FATP1 and glucose transporter GLUT4 to increase lipogenesis in eWAT. These aforementioned changes of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and lipogenesis were validated in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Finally, RH increased insulin sensitivity to accelerate glucose disposal, which was attributable to upregulated visceral adipose GLUT4. CONCLUSIONS RH caused metabolic adaptations related to counterregulation within peripheral organs. Specifically, adrenergic signaling was enhanced in liver and visceral fat, but not in skeletal muscle. Glycogen metabolism remained unchanged. Hepatic gluconeogenesis was augmented. Systemic lipolysis was unaffected, but visceral lipogenesis was enhanced. Insulin sensitivity was increased. These findings provided insights into mechanisms underlying clinical problems associated with intensive insulin therapy, such as high gluconeogenic flux and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215699, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Qiuyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yunfan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Leheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China.
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Shah A, Wang Y, Wondisford FE. Differential Metabolism of Glycerol Based on Oral versus Intravenous Administration in Humans. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100890. [PMID: 36295792 PMCID: PMC9611849 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol can be metabolized to glucose via gluconeogenesis or lactate via glycolysis. It is unknown if glycerol is metabolized similarly in the portal and systemic circulations in humans. Eight metabolically healthy overnight-fasted individuals received equimolar amounts of 13C3-glycerol orally and intravenously on two separate occasions with serial blood draws over four hours. Serum samples underwent liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Oral 13C3-glycerol administration led to higher average serum glucose enrichment than intravenous administration (5.02 ± 1.43 versus 4.07 ± 0.79%, p = 0.009). In contrast, intravenous 13C3-glycerol administration yielded higher average serum lactate enrichment than oral administration (5.67 ± 0.80 versus 4.85 ± 1.30%, p = 0.032). Peak serum glucose enrichment was also higher with oral administration (9.37 ± 2.93 versus 7.12 ± 1.28%, p = 0.010). Glycerol metabolism across the portal and systemic circulations is not congruent. Orally administered labeled glycerol led to greater labeled glucose production, while intravenously administration yielded greater lactate production. These data support direct glycerol to lactate conversion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fredric E. Wondisford
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shah A, Wang Y, Su X, Wondisford FE. Glycerol's contribution to lactate production outside of a glucose intermediate in fasting humans. Metabolism 2022; 132:155214. [PMID: 35562085 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol is a well-recognized substrate for new glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the liver. However, its carbon contribution to the glycolytic intermediate lactate is not known in humans. METHODS Here we infused stable isotope tracers 13C3-glycerol and 6,6-D2-glucose into six metabolically healthy individuals after an overnight fast to study glycerol metabolism and measure glucose rate of appearance. Serum samples underwent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Glycerol and glucose rates of appearance were 2.21 ± 1.42 μmol/kg/min and 7.81 ± 1.15 μmol/kg/min, respectively. Under steady-state conditions, the 13C enrichment for lactate was significantly higher than that of glucose (2.90 ± 0.52% versus 1.53 ± 0.78%, p = 0.017), suggesting direct glycerol to lactate metabolism. The percentage of lactate derived from glycerol was also significantly higher than the percentage of glucose (13.88 ± 2.69% versus 6.50 ± 2.59%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Given that lactate itself is a carbon source for gluconeogenesis and tricycarboxylic cycle intermediates, glycerol's ability to donate carbons to lactate may make it quantitatively more important to intermediary metabolism than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Immunolocalization of Metabolite Transporter Proteins in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0041222. [PMID: 35678605 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00412-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional nutrient flow between partners is integral to the cnidarian-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. However, our current knowledge of the transporter proteins that regulate nutrient and metabolite trafficking is nascent. Four transmembrane transporters that likely play an important role in interpartner nitrogen and carbon exchange were investigated with immunocytochemistry in the model sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ("Aiptasia"; strain NZ1): ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1), V-type proton ATPase (VHA), facilitated glucose transporter member 8 (GLUT8), and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). Anemones lacking symbionts were compared with those in symbiosis with either their typical, homologous dinoflagellate symbiont, Breviolum minutum, or the heterologous species, Durusdinium trenchii and Symbiodinium microadriaticum. AMT1 and VHA were only detected in symbiotic Aiptasia, irrespective of symbiont type. However, GLUT8 and AQP3 were detected in both symbiotic and aposymbiotic states. All transporters were localized to both the epidermis and gastrodermis, though localization patterns in host tissues were heavily influenced by symbiont identity, with S. microadriaticum-colonized anemones showing the most distinct patterns. These patterns suggested disruption of fixed carbon and inorganic nitrogen fluxes when in symbiosis with heterologous versus homologous symbionts. This study enhances our understanding of nutrient transport and host-symbiont integration, while providing a platform for further investigation of nutrient transporters and the host-symbiont interface in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. IMPORTANCE Coral reefs are in serious decline, in particular due to the thermally induced dysfunction of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis that underlies their success. Yet our ability to react to this crisis is hindered by limited knowledge of how this symbiosis functions. Indeed, we still have much to learn about the cellular integration that determines whether a particular host-symbiont combination can persist, and hence whether corals might be able to adapt by acquiring new, more thermally resistant symbionts. Here, we employed immunocytochemistry to localize and quantify key nutrient transporters in tissues of the sea anemone Aiptasia, a globally adopted model system for this symbiosis, and compared the expression of these transporters when the host is colonized by native versus nonnative symbionts. We showed a clear link between transporter expression and symbiont identity, elucidating the cellular events that dictate symbiosis success, and we provide a methodological platform for further examination of cellular integration in this ecologically important symbiosis.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Yao Y, Uddin MN, Manley K, Lawrence DA. Improvements of autism-like behaviors but limited effects on immune cell metabolism after mitochondrial replacement in BTBR T Itpr3/J mice. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 368:577893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Plaza A, Merino B, Ruiz-Gayo M. Cholecystokinin promotes functional expression of the aquaglycerol channel aquaporin 7 in adipocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4092-4106. [PMID: 35366004 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cholecystokinin (CCK) promotes triglyceride storage and adiponectin production in white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting that CCK modulates WAT homeostasis. Our goal was to investigate the role of CCK in regulating the expression and function of the aquaglycerol channel aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a protein that is pivotal for maintaining adipocyte homeostasis and preserving insulin responsiveness. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of the bioactive fragment of CCK, CCK-8, in regulating adipose AQP7 expression and glycerol efflux was assessed in rats as well as in pre-adipocytes. Moreover, the involvement of insulin receptors in the effects of CCK-8 was characterized in pre-adipocytes lacking insulin receptors. KEY RESULTS CCK-8 induced AQP7 gene expression in rat WAT, concomitantly increasing plasma glycerol concentration. In isolated pre-adipocytes, CCK-8 also enhanced both AQP7 expression and glycerol leakage. The effect of CCK-8 was independent of the lipolysis rate, as CCK-8 failed to promote fatty acid release by adipocytes. In addition, CCK-8 did not enhance hormone sensitive lipase phosphorylation, which is the rate-limiting step of lipolysis. Moreover, the effects of CCK-8 were dependent on the activation of protein kinase B and PPARγ. Silencing insulin receptor (IR) expression inhibited CCK-8-induced Aqp7 expression in pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, insulin enhanceded the effect of CCK-8. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CCK regulates AQP7 expression and function, and this effect is dependent on insulin. Accordingly, CCK receptor agonists could be suitable for preserving and improving insulin responsiveness in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU - San Pablo. CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU - San Pablo. CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU - San Pablo. CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Localization of aquaglyceroporins in human and murine white adipose tissue. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:623-639. [PMID: 35235046 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The glycerol channel AQP7 facilitates glycerol efflux from adipose tissue (AT), and AQP7 deficiency has been suggested to promote obesity. However, the release of glycerol from AT is not fully blocked in AQP7-deficient mice, which suggests that either alternative glycerol channels are present in AT or significant simple diffusion of glycerol occurs. Previous investigations of the expression of other aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, AQP9, AQP10) than AQP7 in AT are contradictory. Therefore, we here aim at determining the cellular localization of AQP3 and AQP9 in addition to AQP7 in human and mouse AT using well-characterized antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting as well as available single-cell transcriptomic data from human and mouse AT. We confirm that AQP7 is expressed in endothelial cells and adipocytes in human AT and find ex vivo evidence for interaction between AQP7 and perilipin-1 in adipocytes. In addition, labeling for AQP7 in human AT also includes CD68-positive cells. No labeling for AQP3 or AQP9 was identified in endothelial cells or adipocytes in human or mouse AT using IHC. Instead, in human AT, AQP3 was predominantly found in erythrocytes, whereas AQP9 expression was observed in a small number of CD15-positive cells. The transcriptomic data revealed that AQP3 mRNA was found in a low number of cells in most of the identified cell clusters, whereas AQP9 mRNA was found in myeloid cell clusters as well as in clusters likely representing mesothelial progenitor cells. No AQP10 mRNA was identified in human AT. In conclusion, the presented results do not suggest a functional overlap between AQP3/AQP9/AQP10 and AQP7 in human or mouse white AT.
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15
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Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, Maranda‐Robitaille M, Routhier J, Beaulieu M, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Glycerol contained in vaping liquids affects the liver and aspects of energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15146. [PMID: 35075822 PMCID: PMC8787618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gabrielle Bouffard
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Maranda‐Robitaille
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
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16
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Charlestin V, Fulkerson D, Arias Matus CE, Walker ZT, Carthy K, Littlepage LE. Aquaporins: New players in breast cancer progression and treatment response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988119. [PMID: 36212456 PMCID: PMC9532844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small transmembrane proteins that selectively transport water and other small molecules and ions following an osmotic gradient across cell plasma membranes. This enables them to regulate numerous functions including water homeostasis, fat metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Previous structural and functional studies highlight a strong biological relationship between AQP protein expression, localization, and key biological functions in normal and cancer tissues, where aberrant AQP expression correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 in breast cancer progression and metastasis, including the role of AQPs in the tumor microenvironment, to highlight potential contributions of stromal-derived to epithelial-derived AQPs to breast cancer. Emerging evidence identifies AQPs as predictors of response to cancer therapy and as targets for increasing their sensitivity to treatment. However, these studies have not evaluated the requirements for protein structure on AQP function within the context of breast cancer. We also examine how AQPs contribute to a patient's response to cancer treatment, existing AQP inhibitors and how AQPs could serve as novel predictive biomarkers of therapy response in breast cancer. Future studies also should evaluate AQP redundancy and compensation as mechanisms used to overcome aberrant AQP function. This review highlights the need for additional research into how AQPs contribute molecularly to therapeutic resistance and by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Carlos E Arias Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Zachary T Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Carthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
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17
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Ushio K, Watanabe E, Kamiya T, Nagashima A, Furuta T, Imaizumi G, Fujiwara T, Romero MF, Kato A. Boric acid transport activity of human aquaporins expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15164. [PMID: 35014212 PMCID: PMC8749175 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Boric acid is a vital micronutrient that is toxic at high concentrations in animals. However, the mechanisms underlying boric acid transport in animal cells remain unclear. To identify the plasma membrane boric acid channels in animals, we analyzed the function of human aquaporins (AQPs), which are homologous to the nodulin-like intrinsic protein family of plant boric acid channels. When human AQPs were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, the results of the swelling assay showed that boric acid permeability significantly increased in oocytes expressing AQP3, 7, 8, 9, and 10, but not in those expressing AQP1, 2, 4, and 5. The boric acid influxes of these oocytes were also confirmed by elemental quantification. Electrophysiological analysis using a pH microelectrode showed that these AQPs transported boric acid (B(OH)3 ) but not borate ions (B(OH)4- ). These results indicate that AQP3, 7, 8, 9, and 10 act as boric acid transport systems, likely as channels in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ushio
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Erika Watanabe
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological ChemistryGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Tadaomi Furuta
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Genki Imaizumi
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological ChemistryGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine & ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Nephrology and HypertensionMayo Clinic College of Medicine & ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- O’Brien Urology Research CenterMayo Clinic College of Medicine & ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine & ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Center for Biological Resources and InformaticsTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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18
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Handali S, Rezaei M. Arsenic and weight loss: At a crossroad between lipogenesis and lipolysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126836. [PMID: 34385035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is found in soil, food, water and earth crust. Arsenic exposure is associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes. One of complex effects of arsenic is on weight gain or loss. Involvement of arsenic in both weight loss and gain signaling pathways has previously been reported; however, too little attention has been paid to its weight reducing effect. Animal studies exhibited a role of arsenic in weight loss. In this regard, arsenic interference with endocrine system, leptin and adiponectin hormones as well as thermogenesis is more evidence. Apparently, arsenic-induced weight lossis generally meditated by its interaction with thermogenesis. In this review we have discussed the irregularities in metabolic pathways induced by arsenic that can lead to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Handali
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Montgomery K, Williams TJ, Brettle M, Berengut JF, Zhang E, Zaugg J, Hugenholtz P, Ferrari BC. Persistence and resistance: survival mechanisms of Candidatus Dormibacterota from nutrient-poor Antarctic soils. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4276-4294. [PMID: 34029441 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Dormibacterota is an uncultured bacterial phylum found predominantly in soil that is present in high abundances within cold desert soils. Here, we interrogate nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including six new MAGs derived from soil metagenomes obtained from two eastern Antarctic sites. Phylogenomic and taxonomic analyses revealed these MAGs represent four genera and five species, representing two order-level clades within Ca. Dormibacterota. Metabolic reconstructions of these MAGs revealed the potential for aerobic metabolism, and versatile adaptations enabling persistence in the 'extreme' Antarctic environment. Primary amongst these adaptations were abilities to scavenge atmospheric H2 and CO as energy sources, as well as using the energy derived from H2 oxidation to fix atmospheric CO2 via the Calvin-Bassham-Benson cycle, using a RuBisCO type IE. We propose that these allow Ca. Dormibacterota to persist using H2 oxidation and grow using atmospheric chemosynthesis in terrestrial Antarctica. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed Ca. Dormibacterota to be coccoid cells, 0.3-1.4 μm in diameter, with some cells exhibiting the potential for a symbiotic or syntrophic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Montgomery
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy J Williams
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan F Berengut
- EMBL Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eden Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Belinda C Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
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20
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Long X, Zeng X, Tan F, Yi R, Pan Y, Zhou X, Mu J, Zhao X. Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04 prevents obesity in mice through the PPAR pathway and alleviates oxidative damage and inflammation. Food Funct 2021; 11:5460-5472. [PMID: 32490861 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04, was isolated from Xinjiang yogurt, and it was used to intervene in obese mice maintained on a 45% fat diet, and we compared its effects to those of a commercial strain, LDSB, and l-carnitine. The results showed that the LP-KFY04 intervention mice gained weight more slowly and had lower liver, epididymal adipose, and perirenal adipose tissue indices when compared to the other high-fat groups. Moreover, the LP-KFY04 can reduce the formation of fat vacuoles in the liver, while also reducing adipocyte differentiation and volume, and LP-KFY04 groups had the lowest liver and serum AST, ALT, TG, and TC levels and lowest serum LDL-C and highest HDL-C levels among the groups maintained on a high-fat diet. LP-KFY04 was also shown to mitigate obesity-associated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis examining liver and adipose tissue expression of PPAR-α, CYP7A1, CPT1, and LPL showed an increased expression in the LP-KFY04 groups while decreased expression levels of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα relative to the other high-fat diet groups. These results show that of the different interventions, LP-KFY04 was the most effective at mitigating the effects of obesity than LDSB and l-carnitine. The results confirmed that LP-KEY04 has better anti-obesity, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects than current fermentation strains. It indicates LP-KFY04 is a fermentation strain with potential practical value and high functionality, and it shows that a fermentation strain should not only have good fermentation performance, but, more importantly, it must provide more functionality on the basis of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China. and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, South Korea
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, P.R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China. and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, South Korea
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.
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21
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Tardelli M, Stulnig TM. Aquaporin regulation in metabolic organs. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 112:71-93. [PMID: 32061350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of 13 small trans-membrane proteins, which facilitate shuttling of glycerol, water and urea. The peculiar role of AQPs in glycerol transport makes them attractive targets in metabolic organs since glycerol represents the backbone of triglyceride synthesis. Importantly, AQPs are known to be regulated by various nuclear receptors which in turn govern lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammatory cascades. Here, we review the role of AQPs regulation in metabolic organs exploring their physiological impact in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Eik Filho W, Wanczinski Ferrari BJ, Masetto Antunes M, Batista Travassos P, Medri de Souza H, Menezes de Souza E, Barbosa Bazotte R. Glycerol Potentiates the Effects of Glucose in Promoting Glucose Recovery During Hypoglycemia: From Basic to Clinical Investigations and Their Therapeutic Application. J Med Food 2020; 24:908-915. [PMID: 33297841 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effect of oral glucose versus oral glucose combined with glycerol (glucose + glycerol) in promoting glucose recovery during hypoglycemia. These studies were carried out in two series of experiments. In the first series of experiments, 16 overnight fasted rats received an intraperitoneal injection of lispro insulin (1 IU/kg), and 25 min later, they received oral water (control), glucose (0.25 g/kg), glycerol (2.5 g/kg), or glucose (0.25 g/kg) + glycerol (2.5 g/kg). In the second series of experiments on 164 eligible type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, 30 individuals with a history of hypoglycemia were recruited. Five volunteers did not meet the inclusion criteria and two subjects were excluded after starting the clinical investigation; 23 patients concluded the study. All patients with symptoms of hypoglycemia ingested oral glucose (15 g) or glucose (15 g) + glycerol (9.45 g). To treat hypoglycemia in T1D patients, preparations containing glucose alone or glucose + glycerol were used alternately (2 weeks/2 weeks) in a double-blind crossover scheme. Throughout the clinical research (4 weeks), glucose concentrations were assessed with a continuous glucose monitoring device and the results after the use of glucose alone or glucose + glycerol preparations were compared. Oral glucose combined with glycerol was more effective in promoting glucose recovery in comparison with glucose alone, not only in rats but also in T1D patients. Taken together, our experimental and clinical investigations reported the best performance of oral administration of glucose + glycerol in comparison with isolated glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Eik Filho
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Masetto Antunes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Helenir Medri de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eniuce Menezes de Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Biostatistics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Guo R, Wang L, Zeng X, Liu M, Zhou P, Lu H, Lin H, Dong M. Aquaporin 7 involved in GINSENOSIDE-RB1-mediated anti-obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:69. [PMID: 32821266 PMCID: PMC7433204 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipocytes and their decreased excretion from adipocytes, is closely related to various health problems. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), the most active component of the traditional Chinese medicine ginseng, has been reported to have positive effects on lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of Rb1 on glycolipid metabolism under obesity conditions and its mechanisms and to reveal the signaling pathways involved. Methods In our study, male C57BL/6 mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and mature 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the role of Rb1 in lipid accumulation and explore its possible molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results Rb1 reduced the body weight, fat mass, adipocytes size and serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of obese mice. In differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, Rb1 reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and stimulated output of triglycerides. Additionally, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), phosphorylated PPARγ (Ser112) and aquaporin 7 (AQP7) was upregulated in adipocytes and adipose tissues upon Rb1 treatment. However, intervention of GW9662, PPARγ antagonist, attenuated Rb1-mediated effects on glycolipid metabolism and AQP7 levels. Conclusions These data indicated that Rb1 reduced body weight and improved glycolipid metabolism by upregulating PPARγ and AQP7 protein levels. Our study indicated a potential role for Rb1 in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Ji'an Municipal Center People's Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Xianqin Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Ji'an Municipal Center People's Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi China
| | - Minghao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Huili Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
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Walker JM, Garcet S, Aleman JO, Mason CE, Danko D, Butler D, Zuffa S, Swann JR, Krueger J, Breslow JL, Holt PR. Obesity and ethnicity alter gene expression in skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14079. [PMID: 32826922 PMCID: PMC7442822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by dysfunction of many organs, but effects on the skin have received little attention. We studied differences in epithelial thickness by histology and gene expression by Affymetrix gene arrays and PCR in the skin of 10 obese (BMI 35-50) and 10 normal weight (BMI 18.5-26.9) postmenopausal women paired by age and ethnicity. Epidermal thickness did not differ with obesity but the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with skin blood supply and wound healing were altered. In the obese, many gene expression pathways were broadly downregulated and subdermal fat showed pronounced inflammation. There were no changes in skin microbiota or metabolites. African American subjects differed from European Americans with a trend to increased epidermal thickening. In obese African Americans, compared to obese European Americans, we observed altered gene expression that may explain known differences in water content and stress response. African Americans showed markedly lower expression of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator characteristic of the disease cystic fibrosis. The results from this preliminary study may explain the functional changes found in the skin of obese subjects and African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Walker
- The Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Sandra Garcet
- Laboratory of Investigational Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jose O Aleman
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - David Danko
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Butler
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigational Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jan L Breslow
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Peter R Holt
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Brender JR, Kishimoto S, Eaton GR, Eaton SS, Saida Y, Mitchell J, Krishna MC. Trehalose as an alternative to glycerol as a glassing agent for in vivo DNP MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:42-48. [PMID: 32697878 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), the solution needs to form a glass to attain significant levels of polarization in reasonable time periods. Molecules that do not form glasses by themselves are often mixed with glass forming excipients. Although glassing agents are often essential in DNP studies, they have the potential to perturb the metabolic measurements that are being studied. Glycerol, the glassing agent of choice for in vivo DNP studies, is effective in reducing ice crystal formation during freezing, but is rapidly metabolized, potentially altering the redox and adenosine triphosphate balance of the system. METHODS DNP buildup curves of 13 C urea and alanine with OX063 in the presence of trehalose, glycerol, and other polyol excipients were measured as a function of concentration. T1 and Tm relaxation times for OX063 in the presence of trehalose were measured by EPR. RESULTS Approximately 15-20 wt% trehalose gives a glass that polarizes samples more rapidly than the commonly used 60%-wt formulation of glycerol and yields similar polarization levels within clinically relevant timeframes. CONCLUSIONS Trehalose may be an attractive biologically inert alternative to glycerol for situations where there may be concerns about glycerol's glucogenic potential and possible alteration of the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yu Saida
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Huang SH, Lin YC, Tung CW. Identification of Time-Invariant Biomarkers for Non-Genotoxic Hepatocarcinogen Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124298. [PMID: 32560183 PMCID: PMC7345770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGHCs) can only be confirmed by 2-year rodent studies. Toxicogenomics (TGx) approaches using gene expression profiles from short-term animal studies could enable early assessment of NGHCs. However, high variance in the modulation of the genes had been noted among exposure styles and datasets. Expanding from our previous strategy in identifying consensus biomarkers in multiple experiments, we aimed to identify time-invariant biomarkers for NGHCs in short-term exposure styles and validate their applicability to long-term exposure styles. In this study, nine time-invariant biomarkers, namely A2m, Akr7a3, Aqp7, Ca3, Cdc2a, Cdkn3, Cyp2c11, Ntf3, and Sds, were identified from four large-scale microarray datasets. Machine learning techniques were subsequently employed to assess the prediction performance of the biomarkers. The biomarker set along with the Random Forest models gave the highest median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.824 and a low interquartile range (IQR) variance of 0.036 based on a leave-one-out cross-validation. The application of the models to the external validation datasets achieved high AUC values of greater than or equal to 0.857. Enrichment analysis of the biomarkers inferred the involvement of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in NGHCs. The time-invariant biomarkers provided a robust alternative for NGHC prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Han Huang
- Ph. D. Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Ying-Chi Lin
- Ph. D. Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Associations between Aquaglyceroporin Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Stroke among Patients with Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9358290. [PMID: 32309443 PMCID: PMC7136773 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9358290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dysregulations of AQP7 and AQP9 were found to be related to lipid metabolism abnormality, which had been proven to be one of the mechanisms of stroke. However, limited epidemiological studies explore the associations between AQP7 and AQP9 and the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension in China. Aims We aimed to investigate the associations between genetic variants in AQP7 and AQP9 and the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension, as well as to explore gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Methods Baseline blood samples were drawn from 211 cases with stroke and 633 matched controls. Genomic DNA was extracted by a commercially available kit. Genotyping of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AQP7 (rs2989924, rs3758269, and rs2542743) and AQP9 (rs57139208, rs16939881) was performed by the polymerase chain reaction assay with TaqMan probes. Results Participants with the rs2989924 GG genotype were found to be with a 1.74-fold increased risk of stroke compared to those with the AA+AG genotype, and this association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio (OR): 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-2.46). The SNP rs3758269 CC+TT genotype was found to be with a 33% decreased risk of stroke after multivariate adjustment (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45-0.99) compared to the rs3758269 CC genotype. The significantly increased risk of stroke was prominent among males, patients aged 60 or above, and participants who were overweight and with a harbored genetic variant in SNP rs2989924. After adjusting potential confounders, the SNP rs3758269 CT+TT genotype was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of stroke compared to the CC genotype among participants younger than 60 years old or overweight. No statistically significant associations were observed between genotypes of rs2542743, rs57139208, or rs16939881 with the risk of stroke. Neither interactions nor linkage disequilibrium had been observed in this study. Conclusions This study suggests that SNPs rs2989924 and rs3758269 are associated with the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension, while there were no statistically significant associations between rs2542743, rs57139208, and rs16939881 and the risk of stroke being observed.
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Kalucka J, de Rooij LP, Goveia J, Rohlenova K, Dumas SJ, Meta E, Conchinha NV, Taverna F, Teuwen LA, Veys K, García-Caballero M, Khan S, Geldhof V, Sokol L, Chen R, Treps L, Borri M, de Zeeuw P, Dubois C, Karakach TK, Falkenberg KD, Parys M, Yin X, Vinckier S, Du Y, Fenton RA, Schoonjans L, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Thienpont B, Lin L, Bolund L, Li X, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Murine Endothelial Cells. Cell 2020; 180:764-779.e20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Fujii M, Ota K, Bessho R. Cardioprotective effect of hyperkalemic cardioplegia in an aquaporin 7-deficient murine heart. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 68:578-584. [PMID: 31707553 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-019-01243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperkalemic cardioplegia using St. Thomas' Hospital solution No. 2 (STH2) is commonly used to protect the myocardium during surgery. Mice deficient in the myocyte channel aquaporin 7 (AQP7) show significantly reduced glycerol and ATP contents and develop obesity; however, the influence of AQP7 on cardioplegia effectiveness remains unclear. METHODS After determining the influence of ischemic duration on cardiac function, isolated hearts of male wild-type (WT) and AQP7-knockout (KO) mice (> 13 weeks old) were aerobically Langendorff-perfused with bicarbonate buffer, and randomly allocated to the control group (25 min of global ischemia) and STH2 group (5 min of STH2 infusion before 20 min of global ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion). RESULTS Final recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) of WT and AQP7-KO hearts in the control group was 24.5 ± 12.4% and 20.6 ± 8.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the STH2 group (96.4 ± 12.7% and 92.9 ± 27.6%). Troponin T levels of WT and AQP-KO hearts significantly decreased in the STH2 groups (142.9 ± 27.2 and 219.9 ± 197.3) compared to those of the control (1725.0 ± 768.6 and 1710 ± 819.9). CONCLUSIONS AQP7 was not involved in the protective efficacy of STH2 in this mouse model, suggesting its clinical utility even in complications of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ota
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Bessho
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
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Kalemba KM, Wang Y, Xu H, Chiles E, McMillin SM, Kwon H, Su X, Wondisford FE. Glycerol induces G6pc in primary mouse hepatocytes and is the preferred substrate for gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18017-18028. [PMID: 31645433 PMCID: PMC6885632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is de novo production of glucose from endogenous carbon sources. Although it is a commonly studied pathway, particularly in disease, there is a lack of consensus about substrate preference. Moreover, primary hepatocytes are the current gold standard for in vitro liver studies, but no direct comparison of substrate preference at physiological fasting concentrations has been performed. We show that mouse primary hepatocytes prefer glycerol to pyruvate/lactate in glucose production assays and 13C isotope tracing studies at the high concentrations commonly used in the literature, as well as at more relevant fasting, physiological concentrations. In addition, when glycerol, pyruvate/lactate, and glutamine are all present, glycerol is responsible for over 75% of all glucose carbons labeled. We also found that glycerol can induce a rate-limiting enzyme of GNG, glucose-6-phosphatase. Lastly, we suggest that glycerol is a better substrate than pyruvate to test in vivo production of glucose in fasting mice. In conclusion, glycerol is the major carbon source for GNG in vitro and in vivo and should be compared with other substrates when studying GNG in the context of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Kalemba
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Eric Chiles
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Sara M McMillin
- Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.
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Correlations Between the Degree of Endolymphatic Hydrops and Symptoms and Audiological Test Results in Patients With Menière's Disease: A Reevaluation. Otol Neurotol 2019; 39:351-356. [PMID: 29287037 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to reevaluate the diagnostic significance of clinically well-accepted audiological tests in indicating endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in Menière's disease (MD). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTINGS Hospital. PATIENTS Fifty patients (52 affected ears) diagnosed with MD were enrolled. INTERVENTION Diagnostic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE To analyze the correlations between endolymphatic hydrops and results of audiological test including the pure-tone audiometry threshold, suprathreshold function tests, electrocochleogram, and glycerol test. RESULTS Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated EH in either the vestibule or cochlea to various degrees in all of the MD patients, 24 hours after intratympanic gadolinium chelate injection. Both vestibular and cochlear EH were significantly correlated with PTA threshold. However, EH was not associated with alternate binaural loudness balance or the tone decay test, although a correlation was observed with the short-increment sensitivity index. There was also a correlation between vestibular EH, but not cochlear EH, and the negative summating potential/action potential (-SP/AP) ratio. Neither vestibular EH nor cochlear EH was correlated with the glycerol test results. In addition, the frequency of vertigo attacks, the existence of tinnitus, and aural fullness did not correlate with EH. CONCLUSIONS Disrupted ionic homeostasis in the inner ear, but not the EH, may contribute to changes in the -SP/AP ratio. The relevance of glycerol test in identifying EH through detection of hearing changes needs further investigation in the future.
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Garbinski LD, Rosen BP, Chen J. Pathways of arsenic uptake and efflux. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:585-597. [PMID: 30852446 PMCID: PMC6472914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a non-essential, environmentally ubiquitous toxic metalloid. In response to this pervasive environmental challenge, organisms evolved mechanisms to confer resistance to arsenicals. Inorganic pentavalent arsenate is taken into most cells adventitiously by phosphate uptake systems. Similarly, inorganic trivalent arsenite is taken into most cells adventitiously, primarily via aquaglyceroporins or sugar permeases. The most common strategy for tolerance to both inorganic and organic arsenicals is by efflux that extrude them from the cytosol. These efflux transporters span across kingdoms and belong to various families such as aquaglyceroporins, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and potentially novel, yet to be discovered families. This review will outline the properties and substrates of known arsenic transport systems, the current knowledge gaps in the field, and aims to provide insight into the importance of arsenic transport in the context of the global arsenic biogeocycle and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Garbinski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Associations between Aquaglyceroporin Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8167538. [PMID: 30598999 PMCID: PMC6288565 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8167538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives AQP7 and AQP9 represent glycerol channel in adipose tissue and liver and have been associated with metabolic diseases. We aimed to investigate the associations between genetic variants in AQP7 and AQP9 genes and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Chinese population. Methods Blood samples were drawn from 400 T2DM patients and 400 age- and gender-matched controls. Genomic DNA was extracted by proteinase K digestion and phenol–chloroform extraction. Genotyping of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AQP7 (rs2989924, rs3758269, and rs62542743) and AQP9 (rs57139208, rs16939881) was performed by the polymerase chain reaction assay with TaqMan probes. Results The subjects with rs2989924 GA+AA genotypes had 1.47-fold increased risk of T2DM (odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.04), compared to those with GG genotype, and this association remained significant after adjustment for covariates (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.07-2.57). When compared with rs3758269 CC genotype, the subjects with CT+TT genotypes had 45% decreased T2DM risk after multivariate adjustment (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.85). The associations were evident in elder and overweight subjects and those with central obesity. No association was observed between AQP9 SNPs and T2DM risk. Conclusions AQP7 SNP rs2989924 and rs3758269 were associated with T2DM risk in Chinese Han population.
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Gomes A, da Silva IV, Rodrigues CMP, Castro RE, Soveral G. The Emerging Role of microRNAs in Aquaporin Regulation. Front Chem 2018; 6:238. [PMID: 29977890 PMCID: PMC6021494 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels widely distributed in human tissues. AQPs are essential for water and energy homeostasis being involved in a broad range of pathophysiological processes such as edema, brain injury, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction, cancer, obesity and related metabolic complications. Compelling evidence indicates that AQPs are targets for therapeutic intervention with potential broad application. Nevertheless, efficient AQP modulators have been difficult to find due to either lack of selectivity and stability, or associated toxicity that hamper in vivo studies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in several diseases. Recent identification of miRNAs as endogenous modulators of AQP expression provides an alternative approach to target these proteins and opens new perspectives for therapeutic applications. This mini-review compiles the current knowledge of miRNA interaction with AQPs highlighting miRNA potential for regulation of AQP-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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da Silva IV, Rodrigues JS, Rebelo I, Miranda JPG, Soveral G. Revisiting the metabolic syndrome: the emerging role of aquaglyceroporins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1973-1988. [PMID: 29464285 PMCID: PMC11105723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes a group of medical conditions such as insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia and hypertension, all associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Increased visceral and ectopic fat deposition are also key features in the development of IR and MetS, with pathophysiological sequels on adipose tissue, liver and muscle. The recent recognition of aquaporins (AQPs) involvement in adipose tissue homeostasis has opened new perspectives for research in this field. The members of the aquaglyceroporin subfamily are specific glycerol channels implicated in energy metabolism by facilitating glycerol outflow from adipose tissue and its systemic distribution and uptake by liver and muscle, unveiling these membrane channels as key players in lipid balance and energy homeostasis. Being involved in a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms including IR and obesity, AQPs are considered promising drug targets that may prompt novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders such as MetS. This review addresses the interplay between adipose tissue, liver and muscle, which is the basis of the metabolic syndrome, and highlights the involvement of aquaglyceroporins in obesity and related pathologies and how their regulation in different organs contributes to the features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vieira da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana P G Miranda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kowalczyk S, Komoń-Janczara E, Glibowska A, Kuzdraliński A, Czernecki T, Targoński Z. A co-utilization strategy to consume glycerol and monosaccharides by Rhizopus strains for fumaric acid production. AMB Express 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 29713843 PMCID: PMC5928016 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Rhizopus oryzae to produce fumaric acid in the presence of glycerol and/or various monosaccharides as carbon sources was examined for seventeen different strains of this fungi. These strains were tested in shake-flask cultures on media containing glycerol and seven different carbohydrates, including glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose. An interesting and applicationally useful phenomenon was observed. This work presents a new approach to the conventional microbiological method of producing fumaric acid. In the presence of 40 g/l glycerol as the sole carbon source, fumaric acid production reached 0.16–6.1 g/l after 192 h. When monosaccharides were used as a single carbon source, the maximum fumaric acid concentration was much higher; for example, 19.8 g/l was achieved when 40 g/l xylose was used. In the co-fermentation of xylose (40 g/l) and glycerol (20 g/l), post-culture broth contained approx. 28.0 g/l of fumaric acid with a process yield of 0.90 g/g after 168 h. The production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae was also increased in the dual presence of glycerol and monosaccharides like fructose, galactose, and mannose. However, results obtained on glucose-glycerol-based medium did not follow this trend, showing instead complete utilization of glucose with significant glycerol consumption, but unexpectedly low final amounts of fumaric acid and process yields. Understanding how Rhizopus oryzae utilize various carbon sources may provide alternative avenues of fumaric acid fermentation.
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Cai J, Wang D, Liu J. Regulation of fluid flow through the mammary gland of dairy cows and its effect on milk production: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1261-1270. [PMID: 28758674 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy milk consists of more than 85% water. Therefore, understanding the regulation of fluid absorption in the mammary gland is relevant to improving milk production. In recent decades, studies using different approaches, including blood flow, transmembrane fluid flow, tight junction, fluid flow of the paracellular pathway and functional mammary epithelial cell state, have been conducted aiming to investigate how mammary gland fluid absorption is regulated. However, the relationship between regulation mechanisms of fluid flow and milk production has not been studied systematically. The present review summarizes a series of key milk yield regulatory factors mediated by whole-mammary fluid flow, including milk, mammary blood flow, blood/tissue fluid-cell fluid flow and cell-alveolus fluid flow. Whole-mammary fluid flow regulates milk production by altering transporter activity, ion channels, local microcirculation-related factors, driving force of fluid transport (osmotic pressure or electrochemical gradient), cellular connection state and a cell volume sensitive mechanism. In addition, whole-mammary fluid flow plays important roles in milk synthesis and secretion. Knowledge gained from fluid flow-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the dairy mammary gland will lead to a fundamental understanding of lactation biology and will be beneficial for the improvement of dairy productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lipopolysaccharide Modifies Glycerol Permeability and Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122566. [PMID: 29186031 PMCID: PMC5751169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins-aquaporin membrane channels (AQP) that conduct glycerol and other small neutral solutes in addition to water-play major roles in obesity. In adipocytes, aquaglyceroporins mediate glycerol uptake and release across the plasma membrane, which are two key steps for triacylglycerols (TAGs) synthesis (lipogenesis) and hydrolysis (lipolysis). The aim of this study was to assess both glycerol permeability and metabolism in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells (UDCs) as well as in untreated (CTL-DCs) versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS-DCs)-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Glycerol release, TAGs content and whole membrane glycerol permeability were significantly increased in DCs as compared to UDCs. Moreover, in DCs, LPS treatment significantly increased TAGs content and decreased glycerol permeability. In addition, a significant reduction in whole membrane glycerol permeability was observed in LPS-DCs as compared to CTL-DCs. The relative contributions of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP9 (facilitated diffusion), as well as that of the phospholipid bilayer (simple diffusion), to the whole membrane glycerol permeability, were estimated biophysically in UDCs, CTL-DCs and LPS-DCs, using selective AQP inhibitors. Further studies will be required to determine if modifications in either subcellular localization and/or activity of aquaglyceroporins could account for the data herein. Nevertheless, our findings provide novel insights in understanding the LPS-induced adipocyte hypertrophy that accompanies obesity.
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Blötz C, Stülke J. Glycerol metabolism and its implication in virulence in Mycoplasma. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:640-652. [PMID: 28961963 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol and glycerol-containing compounds such as lipids belong to the most abundant organic compounds that may serve as nutrient for many bacteria. For the cell wall-less bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma, glycerol derived from phospholipids of their human or animal hosts is the major source of carbon and energy. The lipids are first degraded by lipases, and the resulting glycerophosphodiesters are transported into the cell and cleaved to release glycerol-3-phosphate. Alternatively, free glycerol can be transported, and then become phosphorylated. The oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate in Mycoplasma spp. as well as in related firmicutes involves a hydrogen peroxide-generating glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase. This enzyme is a key player in the virulence of Mycoplasma spp. as the produced hydrogen peroxide is one of the major virulence factors of these bacteria. In this review, the different components involved in the utilization of lipids and glycerol in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and related bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Blötz
- Department for General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Department for General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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40
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AQP3 is regulated by PPARγ and JNK in hepatic stellate cells carrying PNPLA3 I148M. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14661. [PMID: 29116096 PMCID: PMC5676689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) allow the movement of glycerol that is required for triglyceride formation in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), as key cellular source of fibrogenesis in the liver. The genetic polymorphism I148M of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with hepatic steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cancer. We aimed to explore the role of AQP3 for HSC activation and unveil its potential interactions with PNPLA3. HSC were isolated from human liver, experiments were performed in primary HSC and human HSC line LX2. AQP3 was the only aquaglyceroporin present in HSC and its expression decreased during activation. The PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, recovered AQP3 expression also in PNPLA3 I148M carrying HSC. When PNPLA3 was silenced, AQP3 expression increased. In liver sections from patients with NASH, the decreased amount of AQP3 was proportional to the severity of fibrosis and presence of the PNPLA3 I148M variant. In PNPLA3 I148M cells, the blockade of JNK pathway upregulated AQP3 in synergism with PPARγ. In conclusion, we demonstrated profound reduction of AQP3 in HSC carrying the PNPLA3 I148M variant in parallel to decreased PPARγ activation, which could be rescued by rosiglitazone and blockade of JNK.
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41
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Glycerol is synthesized and secreted by adipocytes to dispose of excess glucose, via glycerogenesis and increased acyl-glycerol turnover. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8983. [PMID: 28827624 PMCID: PMC5567128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) produces large amounts of lactate and glycerol from glucose. We used mature epididymal adipocytes to analyse the relative importance of glycolytic versus lipogenic glycerol in adipocytes devoid of external stimuli. Cells were incubated (24/48 h) with 7/14 mM glucose; half of the wells contained 14C-glucose. We analysed glucose label fate, medium metabolites, and the expression of key genes coding for proteins controlling glycerol metabolism. The effects of initial glucose levels were small, but time of incubation increased cell activity and modified its metabolic focus. The massive efflux of lactate was uniform with time and unrelated to glucose concentration; however, glycerol-3P synthesis was higher in the second day of incubation, being largely incorporated into the glycerides-glycerol fraction. Glycerophosphatase expression was not affected by incubation. The stimulation of glycerogenic enzymes’ expression was mirrored in lipases. The result was a shift from medium glycolytic to lipolytic glycerol released as a consequence of increased triacylglycerol turnover, in which most fatty acids were recycled. Production of glycerol seems to be an important primary function of adipocytes, maintained both by glycerogenesis and acyl-glycerol turnover. Production of 3C fragments may also contribute to convert excess glucose into smaller, more readily usable, 3C metabolites.
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Huang D, Feng X, Liu Y, Deng Y, Chen H, Chen D, Fang L, Cai Y, Liu H, Wang L, Wang J, Yang Z. AQP9-induced cell cycle arrest is associated with RAS activation and improves chemotherapy treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640255 PMCID: PMC5520935 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression is associated with arsenic sensitivity in leukemia cells. However, the role of AQP9 in regulating tumor sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that AQP9 can serve as an independent predictive marker for adjuvant chemotherapy in CRC. Patients with high AQP9 expression had higher rate of disease-free survival (DFS) than those with low AQP9 expression. Upregulation of AQP9 was associated with enhanced chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of AQP9 resulted in an increased intracellular level of 5-FU in CRC cells, hence leading to a higher percentage of apoptosis after 5-FU treatment. Moreover, AQP9 is positively associated with RAS activation and other downstream signaling molecules in CRC. AQP9 overexpression resulted in p21 upregulation and induced S-phase arrest. Taken together, AQP9 enhances the cytotoxic response to 5-FU in CRC cells by simultaneously inducing S-phase arrest via activation of RAS signaling and facilitating drug uptake. Our results suggest that AQP9 might be a novel predictor for the benefit of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in CRC. The identification of AQP9-induced tumor sensitivity to 5-FU highlights the role of AQP9 in regulating chemosensitivity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xingzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
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Klein M, Swinnen S, Thevelein JM, Nevoigt E. Glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi: established knowledge and ambiguities. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:878-893. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Klein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH; Campus Ring 1 Bremen 28759 Germany
| | - Steve Swinnen
- GlobalYeast NV; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven-Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Johan M. Thevelein
- GlobalYeast NV; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven-Heverlee 3001 Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology; VIB; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven Flanders Belgium
| | - Elke Nevoigt
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH; Campus Ring 1 Bremen 28759 Germany
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Prieto-Martínez N, Morató R, Vilagran I, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Bonet S, Yeste M. Aquaporins in boar spermatozoa. Part II: detection and localisation of aquaglyceroporin 3. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:703-711. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins belonging to the aquaporin family play a fundamental role in water and solute transport across biological membranes. While the presence of these proteins has been extensively studied in somatic cells, their function in mammalian spermatozoa has been studied less. The present study was designed to identify and localise aquaglyceroporin 3 (AQP3) in boar spermatozoa. With this purpose, 29 fresh ejaculates from post-pubertal Piétrain boars were classified into two groups based upon their sperm quality and subsequently evaluated through western blot and immunofluorescence assessments. Western blotting showed the specific signal band of AQP3 at 25 kDa, whereas immunofluorescence assessments allowed us to identify two different AQP3 localisation patterns: (1) spermatozoa presenting a clear labelling located only in the mid-piece and (2) spermatozoa exhibiting a distribution pattern in the head and along the entire tail. The first staining pattern was predominant in all studied ejaculates. Despite individual differences in AQP3 content and localisation between boar ejaculates, these differences were not correlated with sperm quality. In conclusion, although AQP3 is present in boar spermatozoa in two different localisation patterns, neither the AQP3 content nor its localisation have been found to be associated with conventional sperm parameters.
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Involvement of JNK/NFκB Signaling Pathways in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of Aquaglyceroporin Expression in 3T3-L1 Cells Differentiated into Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101742. [PMID: 27763558 PMCID: PMC5085770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins, belonging to the family of aquaporins (AQPs), are integral plasma membrane proteins permeable to water and glycerol that have emerged as key players in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of AQPs in undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and to investigate the changes in expression of aquaglyceroporins in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes and subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimicking inflammation occurring during obesity. Furthermore, the study aimed at identifying the signaling cascade involved in the regulation of aquaglyceroporins expression upon LPS stimulation. 3T3-L1 cells were grown as undifferentiated cells (UDC; preadipocytes) or cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC, adipocytes). DC were incubated in the presence or absence of LPS with or without inhibitors of various protein kinases. AQPs mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP9 and AQP11 mRNA were expressed in both UDC and DC, whereas AQP4, AQP7 and AQP8 mRNA were expressed only in DC. In DC, LPS up-regulated AQP3 mRNA levels (p < 0.05) compared to control; these effects were inhibited by CLI095, SP600125 and BAY11-7082 (p < 0.05). LPS decreased both AQP7 and AQP11 mRNA levels (p < 0.01) in DC as compared to control; this decrease was inhibited by CLI095 and BAY11-7082 (p < 0.05) and additionally by SP00125 for AQP7 (p < 0.05). SB203580 had no effect on LPS-induced AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 mRNA levels modulations. In conclusion, our results clearly show that many AQPs are expressed in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, in DCs, LPS led to decreased AQP7 and AQP11 mRNA levels but to increased AQP3 mRNA levels, resulting from the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced activation of JNK and/or NFκB pathway.
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Palabiyik O, Karaca A, Taştekin E, Yamasan BE, Tokuç B, Sipahi T, Vardar SA. The Effect of a High-Protein Diet and Exercise on Cardiac AQP7 and GLUT4 Gene Expression. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:731-45. [PMID: 27294385 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High-protein (HP) diets are commonly consumed by athletes despite their potential health hazard, which is postulated to enforce a negative effect on bone and renal health. However, its effects on heart have not been known yet. Aquaporin-7 (AQP7) is an aquaglyceroporin that facilitates glycerol and water transport. Glycerol is an important cardiac energy production substrate, especially during exercise, in conjunction with fatty acids and glucose. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is an insulin-sensitive glucose transporter in heart. We aimed to investigate the effect of HPD on AQP7 and GLUT4 levels in the rat heart subjected to exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n = 12), exercise (E) training (n = 10), HPD (n = 12), and HPD-E training (n = 9) groups. The HPD groups were fed a 45 % protein-containing diet 5 weeks. The HPD-E and E groups were performed the treadmill exercise during the 5-week study period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine the gene expression and localization of AQP7 and GLUT4 in heart tissue. Results of relative gene expression were calculated by the 'Pfaffl' mathematical method using the REST program. Differences in AQP7 and GLUT4 gene expression were expressed as fold change compared to the control group. Heart weight/tibia ratio and ventricular wall thickness were evaluated as markers of cardiac hypertrophy. Further, serum glucose, glycerol, and insulin levels were also measured. AQP7 gene expression was found to be increased in the E (3.47-fold, p < 0.001), HPD (5.59-fold, p < 0.001), and HPD-E (3.87-fold, p < 0.001) groups compared to the control group. AQP7 protein expression was also increased in the HPD and HPD-E groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, cardiac mRNA expression levels of GLUT4 showed a significant increase in the E (2.16-fold, p < 0.003), HPD (7.14-fold, p < 0.001), and HPD-E (3.43-fold, p < 0.001) groups compared to the control group. GLUT4 protein expression was significantly increased in the E, HPD, and HPD-E groups compared to the control group (p = 0.024, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Serum glucose levels were significantly different between groups (p < 0.005). This difference was observed between the HPD groups and normal-protein diet groups (C and E). Serum insulin levels were higher for HPD groups compared with the normal-protein diet groups (p < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed between the exercise and sedentary groups (p = 0.111). Serum glycerol levels were significantly increased in the HPD groups compared with control and E groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). Consumption of HPD supplementation caused the increased effects on AQP7 and GLUT4 expression in rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkide Palabiyik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Aziz Karaca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ebru Taştekin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Bilge Eren Yamasan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Burcu Tokuç
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tammam Sipahi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Arzu Vardar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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High fructose diet suppresses exercise-induced increase in AQP7 expression in the in vivo rat heart. Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16:916-922. [PMID: 27182614 PMCID: PMC5324910 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2016.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cardiac uptake of fructose is thought to be mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), whereas the uptake of glycerol is facilitated by aquaporin 7 (AQP7). We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fructose diet (HFD) on GLUT5 and AQP7 levels in the rat heart subjected to exercise. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated to control (C; n=11), exercise (E; n=10), HFD (n=12), and HFD plus exercise (HFD-E; n=12) groups. HFD was started 28 days before euthanasia. From day 24 to 27, rats were subjected to moderate exercise, followed by vigorous exercise on day 28 (groups E and HFD-E). Cardiac GLUT5 and AQP7 mRNA levels were determined using RT-PCR. The protein contents of GLUT5 and AQP7 were immunohistochemically assessed. Paired-t, ANOVA with Bonferroni, Kruskal–Wallis, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: GLUT5 mRNA expression and protein content did not differ between the groups. AQP7 mRNA levels significantly increased (4.8-fold) in group E compared with in group C (p<0.001). Compared with group C, no significant change was observed in AQP7 mRNA levels in groups HFD and HFD-E. The AQP7 staining score in group E was significantly higher than that in groups C (p<0.001), E (p<0.001), and HFD-E (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that exercise enhances cardiac AQP7 mRNA expression and protein content. However, HFD prevents the exercise-induced increase in cardiac AQP7 expression. This inhibitory effect may be related to the competition between fructose and glycerol as energy substrates in the rat heart subjected to 5 days of physical exercise. (Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16: 916-22)
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Expression of AQP6 and AQP8 in epithelial ovarian tumor. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:129-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Andrade EF, Lobato RV, de Araújo TV, Orlando DR, Vicente da Costa D, de Oliveira Silva V, Rogatto GP, Zangeronimo MG, Rosa PV, Pereira LJ. Adaptation to physical training in rats orally supplemented with glycerol. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 93:63-9. [PMID: 25474597 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated training adaptation and physical performance parameters in rats orally supplemented with glycerol, glucose, or saline, and submitted to moderate aerobic exercise. Thirty male rats were trained for 6 weeks and administered the supplements during the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized factorial 2 × 3 design (with or without exercise and 3 substrates). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using the Student-Newmann-Keuls test at 5%. Among the trained animals, none of the substances caused differences in the percentages of protein, fat, or water content in the carcass. Compared with the sedentary animals, the trained animals supplemented with saline and glucose showed a higher protein percentage in the carcass. The relative mass of the heart and adrenal glands was higher in the trained animals. Glycerol improved the protein content in non-trained animals and increased the relative adrenal mass in both groups. Glycerol reduced the variation in levels of lactate and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) during the last exercise session. There was no difference between groups regarding the relative mass of the thymus and gastrocnemius or with the diameter of muscle fibers or the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Supplementation with glycerol was efficient at attenuating variation in AST and lactate levels during exercise.
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Klein N, Neumann J, O'Neil JD, Schneider D. Folding and stability of the aquaglyceroporin GlpF: Implications for human aqua(glycero)porin diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:622-33. [PMID: 25462169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are highly selective polytopic transmembrane channel proteins that facilitate the permeation of water across cellular membranes in a large diversity of organisms. Defects in aquaporin function are associated with common diseases, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, congenital cataract and certain types of cancer. In general, aquaporins have a highly conserved structure; from prokaryotes to humans. The conserved structure, together with structural dynamics and the structural framework for substrate selectivity is discussed. The folding pathway of aquaporins has been a topic of several studies in recent years. These studies revealed that a conserved protein structure can be reached by following different folding pathways. Based on the available data, we suggest a complex folding pathway for aquaporins, starting from the insertion of individual helices up to the formation of the tetrameric aquaporin structure. The consequences of some known mutations in human aquaporin-encoding genes, which most likely affect the folding and stability of human aquaporins, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Klein
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Neumann
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joe D O'Neil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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