1
|
Sutlive J, Liu BS, Kwan SA, Pan JM, Gou K, Xu R, Ali AB, Khalil HA, Ackermann M, Chen Z, Mentzer SJ. Buckling forces and the wavy folds between pleural epithelial cells. Biosystems 2024; 240:105216. [PMID: 38692427 PMCID: PMC11139554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cell shapes in tissues are affected by the biophysical interaction between cells. Tissue forces can influence specific cell features such as cell geometry and cell surface area. Here, we examined the 2-dimensional shape, size, and perimeter of pleural epithelial cells at various lung volumes. We demonstrated a 1.53-fold increase in 2-dimensional cell surface area and a 1.43-fold increase in cell perimeter at total lung capacity compared to residual lung volume. Consistent with previous results, close inspection of the pleura demonstrated wavy folds between pleural epithelial cells at all lung volumes. To investigate a potential explanation for the wavy folds, we developed a physical simulacrum suggested by D'Arcy Thompson in On Growth and Form. The simulacrum suggested that the wavy folds were the result of redundant cell membranes unable to contract. To test this hypothesis, we developed a numerical simulation to evaluate the impact of an increase in 2-dimensional cell surface area and cell perimeter on the shape of the cell-cell interface. Our simulation demonstrated that an increase in cell perimeter, rather than an increase in 2-dimensional cell surface area, had the most direct impact on the presence of wavy folds. We conclude that wavy folds between pleural epithelial cells reflects buckling forces arising from the excess cell perimeter necessary to accommodate visceral organ expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sutlive
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Betty S Liu
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey A Kwan
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Pan
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Gou
- Department of Computational, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rongguang Xu
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali B Ali
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith CB, Gao A, Bravo P, Alam A. Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Campylobacter jejuni Infection by Escalating Intestinal Inflammation, Epithelial Damage, and Barrier Disruption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588895. [PMID: 38645062 PMCID: PMC11030326 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between Campylobacter jejuni , a critical foodborne cause of gastroenteritis, and the intestinal microbiota during infection are not completely understood. The crosstalk between C. jejuni and its host is impacted by the gut microbiota through mechanisms of competitive exclusion, microbial metabolites, or immune response. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on C. jejuni pathogenesis, we examined campylobacteriosis in the IL10KO mouse model, which was characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of intestinal proteobacteria, E. coli , and inflammatory cytokines during C. jejuni infection. We also found a significantly increased abundance of microbial metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in the colonic lumens of IL10KO mice. We further investigated the effects of TMAO on C. jejuni pathogenesis. We determined that C. jejuni senses TMAO as a chemoattractant and the administration of TMAO promotes C. jejuni invasion into Caco-2 monolayers. TMAO also increased the transmigration of C. jejuni across polarized monolayers of Caco-2 cells, decreased TEER, and increased C. jejuni -mediated intestinal barrier damage. Interestingly, TMAO treatment and presence during C. jejuni infection of Caco-2 cells synergistically caused an increased inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically IL-1β and IL-8. These results establish that C. jejuni utilizes microbial metabolite TMAO for increased virulence during infection.
Collapse
|
3
|
Doney E, Dion-Albert L, Coulombe-Rozon F, Osborne N, Bernatchez R, Paton SE, Kaufmann FN, Agomma RO, Solano JL, Gaumond R, Dudek KA, Szyszkowicz JK, Lebel M, Doyen A, Durand A, Lavoie-Cardinal F, Audet MC, Menard C. Chronic Stress Exposure Alters the Gut Barrier: Sex-Specific Effects on Microbiota and Jejunum Tight Junctions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:213-228. [PMID: 38306213 PMCID: PMC10829561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Of individuals with MDD, 30% to 50% are unresponsive to common antidepressants, highlighting untapped causal biological mechanisms. Dysfunction in the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been implicated in MDD pathogenesis. Exposure to chronic stress disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity; still, little is known about intestinal barrier function in these conditions, particularly for the small intestine, where absorption of most foods and drugs takes place. Methods We investigated how chronic social or variable stress, two mouse models of depression, impact the jejunum intestinal barrier in males and females. Mice were subjected to stress paradigms followed by analysis of gene expression profiles of intestinal barrier-related targets, fecal microbial composition, and blood-based markers. Results Altered microbial populations and changes in gene expression of jejunum tight junctions were observed depending on the type and duration of stress, with sex-specific effects. We used machine learning to characterize in detail morphological tight junction properties, identifying a cluster of ruffled junctions in stressed animals. Junctional ruffling is associated with inflammation, so we evaluated whether lipopolysaccharide injection recapitulates stress-induced changes in the jejunum and observed profound sex differences. Finally, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, a marker of gut barrier leakiness, was associated with stress vulnerability in mice, and translational value was confirmed on blood samples from women with MDD. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that chronic stress disrupts intestinal barrier homeostasis in conjunction with the manifestation of depressive-like behaviors in a sex-specific manner in mice and, possibly, in human depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Francois Coulombe-Rozon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Natasha Osborne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renaud Bernatchez
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sam E.J. Paton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernanda Neutzling Kaufmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Roseline Olory Agomma
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - José L. Solano
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Raphael Gaumond
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Katarzyna A. Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanna Kasia Szyszkowicz
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Doyen
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Durand
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavie Lavoie-Cardinal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kutsuzawa N, Ito Y, Kagawa S, Kohno C, Takiguchi H, Asano K. Dexamethasone restores TNFα-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in primary rat alveolar epithelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295684. [PMID: 38150443 PMCID: PMC10752552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar barrier dysfunction is one of the major pathophysiological changes in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In ALI/ARDS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) disrupts the barriers of alveolar epithelium and endothelium. Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorate pulmonary edema in ALI/ARDS. However, the involvement of GCs in the restoration of alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction has not been extensively studied. Here, we elucidated that dexamethasone (Dex) restored TNFα-induced alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction in vitro using primary rat alveolar epithelial cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Moreover, Dex promoted the alveolar epithelial cell barrier integrity by initiating GC receptor-mediated signaling via the downregulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression and the dephosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) 2. Further investigation revealed that Dex enhanced the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction-related protein, at intercellular junction sites. These findings suggest that GCs strengthen the integrity of the alveolar epithelial barrier in ALI/ARDS via the GR-MLCK-pMLC2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naokata Kutsuzawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Ito
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kohno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takiguchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moritz MNO, Dores-Silva PR, Coto ALS, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Leitão A, Cauvi DM, De Maio A, Carra S, Borges JC. Human HSP70-escort protein 1 (hHep1) interacts with negatively charged lipid bilayers and cell membranes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:1001-1012. [PMID: 38001371 PMCID: PMC10746634 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Hsp70-escort protein 1 (hHep1) is a cochaperone that assists in the function and stability of mitochondrial HSPA9. Similar to HSPA9, hHep1 is located outside the mitochondria and can interact with liposomes. In this study, we further investigated the structural and thermodynamic behavior of interactions between hHep1 and negatively charged liposomes, as well as interactions with cellular membranes. Our results showed that hHep1 interacts peripherally with liposomes formed by phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin and remains partially structured, exhibiting similar affinities for both. In addition, after being added to the cell membrane, recombinant hHep1 was incorporated by cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the association of HSPA9 with hHep1 improved the incorporation of these proteins into the lipid bilayer. These results demonstrated that hHep1 can interact with lipids also present in the plasma membrane, indicating roles for this cochaperone outside of mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene N O Moritz
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Dores-Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amanda L S Coto
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Leitão
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - David M Cauvi
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Serena Carra
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Júlio Cesar Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xiang Y, Li C. Midgut microbiota affects the intestinal barrier by producing short-chain fatty acids in Apostichopus japonicus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1263731. [PMID: 37915855 PMCID: PMC10616862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1263731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal microbiota participates in host physiology and pathology through metabolites, in which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered principal products and have extensive influence on intestine homeostasis. It has been reported that skin ulceration syndrome (SUS), the disease of Apostichopus japonicus caused by Vibrio splendidus, is associated with the alteration of the intestinal microbiota composition. Method To investigate whether the intestinal microbiota affects A. japonicus health via SCFAs, in this study, we focus on the SCFA profiling and intestinal barrier function in A. japonicus treated with V. splendidus. Results and discussion We found that V. splendidus could destroy the mid-intestine integrity and downregulate the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in A. japonicus, which further dramatically decreased microorganism abundance and altered SCFAs contents. Specifically, acetic acid is associated with the largest number of microorganisms and has a significant correlation with occludin and ZO-1 among the seven SCFAs. Furthermore, our findings showed that acetic acid could maintain the intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and rearranging the tight junction structure by regulating F-actin in mid-intestine epithelial cells. Thus, our results provide insights into the effects of the gut microbiome and SCFAs on intestine barrier homeostasis and provide essential knowledge for intervening in SUS by targeting metabolites or the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raya-Sandino A, Lozada-Soto KM, Rajagopal N, Garcia-Hernandez V, Luissint AC, Brazil JC, Cui G, Koval M, Parkos CA, Nangia S, Nusrat A. Claudin-23 reshapes epithelial tight junction architecture to regulate barrier function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6214. [PMID: 37798277 PMCID: PMC10556055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin family tight junction proteins form charge- and size-selective paracellular channels that regulate epithelial barrier function. In the gastrointestinal tract, barrier heterogeneity is attributed to differential claudin expression. Here, we show that claudin-23 (CLDN23) is enriched in luminal intestinal epithelial cells where it strengthens the epithelial barrier. Complementary approaches reveal that CLDN23 regulates paracellular ion and macromolecule permeability by associating with CLDN3 and CLDN4 and regulating their distribution in tight junctions. Computational modeling suggests that CLDN23 forms heteromeric and heterotypic complexes with CLDN3 and CLDN4 that have unique pore architecture and overall net charge. These computational simulation analyses further suggest that pore properties are interaction-dependent, since differently organized complexes with the same claudin stoichiometry form pores with unique architecture. Our findings provide insight into tight junction organization and propose a model whereby different claudins combine to form multiple distinct complexes that modify epithelial barrier function by altering tight junction structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Nandhini Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Anny-Claude Luissint
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guiying Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sueblinvong V, Fan X, Hart C, Molina S, Koval M, Guidot DM. Ethanol-exposed lung fibroblasts cause airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1839-1849. [PMID: 37864530 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol ingestion predisposes to lung injury and disrepair during sepsis. Our previous studies outlined roles for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in epithelial barrier homeostasis and how alcohol perturbs their expression and signaling. Here we hypothesize that ethanol-exposed lung fibroblasts (LF) are a source of dysregulated TGFβ1 and GM-CSF and thereby alter airway epithelial barrier function. METHODS Human or rat LF were cultured ± ethanol for 2 weeks and then co-cultured with human or rat airway epithelial cells (AEC) seeded on Transwell permeable supports. In selected groups, a TGFβ1 receptor type 1 (TGFβR1) inhibitor (SB431542) or a TGFβ1 neutralizing antibody was applied. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured prior to co-culture and on day 5 of co-culture. AEC were then analyzed for the expression of selected tight junction and mesenchymal proteins, and transwell membranes were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy for ZO-1 expression and localization. TGFβ1 and GM-CSF levels in conditioned media from the co-cultures were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS AEC co-cultured with ethanol-exposed LF (ELF) showed a significant reduction in TER and corresponding decreases in ZO-1 expression, whereas collagen type 1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin protein expression were increased. In parallel, in conditioned media from the ELF + AEC co-cultures, activated TGFβ1 levels increased and GM-CSF levels decreased. Notably, all the effects of ELF on the AEC were prevented by blocking TGFβ1 activity. CONCLUSIONS Prior ethanol exposure to LF induces barrier dysfunction in naive AEC in a paracrine fashion through activation of TGFβ1 signaling and suppression of GM-CSF. These experimental findings provide a potential mechanism by which chronic alcohol ingestion impairs airway epithelial integrity and renders individuals susceptible to lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viranuj Sueblinvong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xian Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craishun Hart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel Molina
- FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific, Warminster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David M Guidot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Capaldo CT. Claudin Barriers on the Brink: How Conflicting Tissue and Cellular Priorities Drive IBD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8562. [PMID: 37239907 PMCID: PMC10218714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by acute or chronic recurring inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, often with increasing severity over time. Life-long morbidities and diminishing quality of life for IBD patients compel a search for a better understanding of the molecular contributors to disease progression. One unifying feature of IBDs is the failure of the gut to form an effective barrier, a core role for intercellular complexes called tight junctions. In this review, the claudin family of tight junction proteins are discussed as they are a fundamental component of intestinal barriers. Importantly, claudin expression and/or protein localization is altered in IBD, leading to the supposition that intestinal barrier dysfunction exacerbates immune hyperactivity and disease. Claudins are a large family of transmembrane structural proteins that constrain the passage of ions, water, or substances between cells. However, growing evidence suggests non-canonical claudin functions during mucosal homeostasis and healing after injury. Therefore, whether claudins participate in adaptive or pathological IBD responses remains an open question. By reviewing current studies, the possibility is assessed that with claudins, a jack-of-all-trades is master of none. Potentially, a robust claudin barrier and wound restitution involve conflicting biophysical phenomena, exposing barrier vulnerabilities and a tissue-wide frailty during healing in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Capaldo
- College of Natural and Computer Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mehmood T, Pichyangkura R, Muanprasat C. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Promotes Junction Barrier through Modulation of PI3K/AKT and ERK Signaling Intricate Interplay in T84 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071681. [PMID: 37050295 PMCID: PMC10096774 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a breakdown product of chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. COS promotes barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. However, the exact mechanism of COS-induced barrier function remains unknown. This study was aimed to explore the intricate signaling cascades in the junction barrier induced by COS (100 μg/mL) in human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). COS (100 μg/mL) promoted tight junction assembly and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). COS inhibited FITC-dextran flux in T84 cell monolayers at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h post treatment. In addition, the effect of COS on TEER and FITC-dextran flux was abrogated by pre-incubation of wortmannin (2 μM), an AKT (protein kinase B) inhibitor, at 2 h and 4 h post treatment, indicating that COS-induced tight junction integrity was mediated at least in part by AKT activation. COS-induced TEER was amplified at 24 h and 48 h post treatment by pre-incubation with SC79 (2.5 μM), an AKT activator. Moreover, COS induced inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in T84 cells. Wortmannin and SC79 pre-incubation promoted ERK activation and ERK inhibition, respectively, suggesting that COS-induced ERK inhibition was mediated by AKT. Collectively, this study reveals that COS promotes junction barrier integrity via regulating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling intricate interplay in T84 cell monolayers. COS may be beneficial in promoting junction barrier in intestinal disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim KS, Kim SH, Im CN, Na K, Lee MY, Park JK, Kuh HJ. Effect of paclitaxel priming on doxorubicin penetration in a multicellular layer model of human colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 647:30-36. [PMID: 36709670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor priming is considered a promising strategy for improving drug distribution in malignant tissues. Multicellular layers (MCLs) of human cancer cells are potentially useful models for evaluating tumor-priming agents. We evaluated the priming effects of paclitaxel (PTX) on doxorubicin (DOX) penetration using MCLs of the human colorectal cancer cell lines including DLD-1, HCT-116, and HT-29. The penetration of DOX treated at 50 μM for 3 h was highly limited in all three MCLs. The penetration of the priming agent PTX into MCLs was determined using rhodamine-labeled PTX and appeared to be cell line-dependent: full penetration was observed in HCT-116 and HT-29 MCLs, whereas only limited penetration occurred in DLD-1 MCLs. PTX pretreatment at 20 μM for 24 or 48 h induced a tumor-priming effect in DOX distribution, with a 3 to 5.6-fold-increase in HCT-116 and HT-29 MCLs but a less than two-fold increase in DLD-1 MCLs. PTX treatment decreased fibronectin expression in HCT-116 and HT-29 MCLs but not in DLD-1, suggesting that the prominent priming effect of PTX in HCT-116 and HT-29 MCLs may be associated with the downregulation of fibronectin expression. Our study demonstrated that MCLs of human cancer cells are a useful model not only for the study of drug penetration into tumor tissues but also for screening and evaluating tumor-priming agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seock Kim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyoung Kim
- Graduate Program for Future Medical Research Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nim Im
- Graduate Program for Future Medical Research Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering (BMCE), The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX, 76207, United States
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program for Future Medical Research Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia R, Han J, Liu X, Li K, Lai W, Bian L, Yan J, Xi Z. Exposure to Polypropylene Microplastics via Oral Ingestion Induces Colonic Apoptosis and Intestinal Barrier Damage through Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:127. [PMID: 36851002 PMCID: PMC9962291 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensive environmental pollution by microplastics has increased the risk of human exposure to plastics. However, the biosafety of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs), especially of PP particles < 10 μm, in mammals has not been studied. Thus, here, we explored the mechanism of action and effect of exposure to small and large PP-MPs, via oral ingestion, on the mouse intestinal tract. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered PP suspensions (8 and 70 μm; 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL) for 28 days. PP-MP treatment resulted in inflammatory pathological damage, ultrastructural changes in intestinal epithelial cells, imbalance of the redox system, and inflammatory reactions in the colon. Additionally, we observed damage to the tight junctions of the colon and decreased intestinal mucus secretion and ion transporter expression. Further, the apoptotic rate of colonic cells significantly increased after PP-MP treatment. The expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptosis proteins significantly increased in colon tissue, while the expression of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis proteins significantly decreased. In summary, this study demonstrates that PP-MPs induce colonic apoptosis and intestinal barrier damage through oxidative stress and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway in mice, which provides new insights into the toxicity of MPs in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Van Campenhout R, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Effects of acute and chronic disease on cell junctions in mouse liver. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1-11. [PMID: 36660194 PMCID: PMC9837383 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell junctions, including anchoring, occluding and communicating junctions, play an indispensable role in tissue architecture and homeostasis. Consequently, malfunctioning of cell junctions is linked with a wide range of disorders, including in liver. The present study was set up to investigate the effects of acute and chronic disease induced by chemical compounds on hepatic cell junctions in mice. Mice were either overdosed with paracetamol or repeatedly administered carbon tetrachloride followed by sampling at 24 hours or 8 weeks, respectively. mRNA and protein expression levels of adherens, gap and tight junction components were measured in liver using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunoblot techniques, respectively. It was found that protein levels of the adherens junction building blocks β-catenin and γ-catenin, the gap junction components Cx26 and Cx32, and the tight junction constituent zonula occludens 2 were decreased, while mRNA levels of the adherens junction building block E-cadherin, and the tight junction constituent zonula occludens 2 and claudin 1 were upregulated following paracetamol overdosing. Repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride increased protein levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Cx26, Cx32, Cx43 and claudin 1. The latter was reflected at the mRNA level. In conclusion, acute and chronic liver disease have different effects on cell junctions in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mathieu Vinken, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Tel: +32-2-4774587, Fax: +32-2-4774582, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geiller B, Greigert V, Hillenbrand CA, Gommenginger C, Beal L, Brunet J, Filisetti D, Villard O, Denis J, Pfaff AW. Type I and III interferons shape the retinal cytokine network and barrier function in an in vitro model of ocular toxoplasmosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148037. [PMID: 37205102 PMCID: PMC10188120 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The particularities of the ocular immune environment and its barrier protection in the context of infection are not well elucidated. The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one of the pathogens successfully crossing this barrier and establishing chronic infection in retinal cells. Methods As a first approach, we studied the initial cytokine network in vitro in four human cell lines: Retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE), microglial, astrocytic and Müller cells. Furthermore, we looked at the consequences of retinal infection on the integrity of the outer blood-retina barrier (oBRB). We particularly focused on the roles of type I and type III interferons, (IFN-β and IFN-λ). Especially IFN-λ is known for its significant role in barrier defense. However, its effect on the retinal barrier or T. gondii infection remains unexplored, unlike IFN-γ, which has been extensively studied in this context. Results and Discussion Here, we show that stimulation with type I and III interferons did not limit parasite proliferation in retinal cells we tested. However, IFN-β and IFN-γ strongly induced inflammatory or cell-attracting cytokine production, whereas IFN-λ1 showed less inflammatory activity. Concomitant T. gondii infection influenced these cytokine patterns, distinctly depending on the parasite strain. Interestingly, all these cells could be stimulated to produce IFN-λ1. Using an in vitro oBRB model based on RPE cells, we observed that interferon stimulation strengthened membrane localization of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and enhanced their barrier function, in a STAT1-independent manner. Conclusion Together, our model shows how T. gondii infection shapes the retinal cytokine network and barrier function, and demonstrates the role of type I and type III interferons in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geiller
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Greigert
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline A. Hillenbrand
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloé Gommenginger
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Beal
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Brunet
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis Filisetti
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Odile Villard
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Denis
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexander W. Pfaff
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR 7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine, Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Alexander W. Pfaff,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bonetti A, Piva A, Grilli E. Botanicals as a zinc oxide alternative to protect intestinal cells from an Escherichia coli F4 infection in vitro by modulation of enterocyte inflammatory response and bacterial virulence. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141561. [PMID: 36968476 PMCID: PMC10033929 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) have been widely used in pig industry to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) symptoms exacerbated by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infections. Because of environmental issues and regulatory restrictions, ZnO is no longer sustainable, and novel nutritional alternatives to manage PWD are urgently required. Botanicals represent a wide class of compounds employed in animal nutrition because of their diverse beneficial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro protective action of a panel of essential oils and natural extracts on intestinal Caco-2 cells against an E. coli F4 infection. Moreover, we explored the potential mechanisms of action of all the botanicals compared to ZnO. Amongst the others, thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, and Capsicum oleoresin were the most effective in maintaining epithelial integrity and reducing bacterial translocation. Their mechanism of action was related to the modulation of cellular inflammatory response, the protection of tight junctions' expression and function, and the control of bacterial virulence, thus resembling the positive functions of ZnO. Moreover, despite their mild effects on the host side, ginger and tea tree essential oils provided promising results in the control of pathogen adhesion when employed during the challenge. These outcomes support the advantages of employing selected botanicals to manage E. coli F4 infections in vitro, therefore offering novel environmentally-friendly alternatives to pharmacological doses of ZnO capable to modulate host-pathogen interaction at different levels during PWD in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ester Grilli
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Knox EG, Aburto MR, Tessier C, Nagpal J, Clarke G, O’Driscoll CM, Cryan JF. Microbial-derived metabolites induce actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and protect blood-brain barrier function. iScience 2022; 25:105648. [PMID: 36505934 PMCID: PMC9732410 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences host brain function, but the underlying gut-brain axis connections and molecular processes remain unclear. One pathway along this bidirectional communication system involves circulating microbially derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which include butyrate and propionate. Brain endothelium is the main interface of communication between circulating signals and the brain, and it constitutes the main component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we used a well-established in vitro BBB model treated with physiologically relevant concentrations of butyrate and propionate with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine the effects of SCFAs on the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction protein structure. Both SCFAs induced distinct alterations to filamentous actin directionality. SCFAs also increased tight junction protein spikes and protected from LPS-induced tight-junction mis-localization, improved BBB integrity, and modulated mitochondrial network dynamics. These findings identify the actin cytoskeletal dynamics as another target further illuminating how SCFAs can influence BBB physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Knox
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria R. Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Corresponding author
| | - Carmen Tessier
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of Acute Cold Stress after Intermittent Cold Stimulation on Immune-Related Molecules, Intestinal Barrier Genes, and Heat Shock Proteins in Broiler Ileum. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233260. [PMID: 36496781 PMCID: PMC9739716 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress will have a negative impact on animal welfare and health. In order to explore the effect of intermittent cold stimulation training on the cold resistance of broilers. Immune-related and intestinal barrier genes were detected before and after acute cold stress (ACS), aiming to find an optimal cold stimulation training method. A total of 240 1-day-old Ross broilers (Gallus) were divided into three groups (G1, G2, and G3), each with 5 replicates (16 chickens each replicate). The broilers of G1 were raised at normal temperature, while the broilers of G2 and G3 were treated with cold stimulation at 3 °C lower than the G1 for 3 h and 6 h from 15 to 35 d, respectively, at one-day intervals. At 50 d, the ambient temperature for all groups was reduced to 10 °C for six hours. The results demonstrated that before ACS, IL6, IL17, TLR21, and HSP40 mRNA levels in G3 were apparently down-regulated (p < 0.05), while IL8 and Claudin-1 mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated compared with G1 (p < 0.05). After ACS, IL2, IL6, and IL8 expression levels in G3 were lower than those in G2 (p < 0.05). Compared to G2, Claudin-1, HSP90 mRNA levels, HSP40, and HSP70 protein levels were increased in G3 (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR5, Mucin2, and Claudin-1 in G2 and IL6, IL8, and TLR4 in G3 were down-regulated after ACS, while IL2, IL6, and IL17 mRNA levels in G2 and HSP40 protein levels in G3 were up-regulated after ACS (p < 0.05). Comprehensive investigation shows that cold stimulation at 3 °C lower than the normal feeding temperature for six hours at one day intervals can enhanced immune function and maintain the stability of intestinal barrier function to lessen the adverse effects on ACS in broilers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saito AC, Endo C, Fukazawa Y, Higashi T, Chiba H. Effects of TAMP family on the tight junction strand network and barrier function in epithelial cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:234-250. [PMID: 36069127 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Occludin, tricellulin, and marvelD3 belong to the tight junction (TJ)-associated MARVEL protein family. Occludin and tricellulin jointly contribute to TJ strand branching point formation and epithelial barrier maintenance. However, whether marvelD3 has the same function remains unclear. Furthermore, the roles of the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail, which is conserved in occludin and tricellulin, on the regulation of TJ strand morphology have not yet been explored in epithelial cells. We established tricellulin/occludin/marveld3 triple-gene knockout (tKO) MDCK II cells and evaluated the roles of marvelD3 in the TJ strand structure and barrier function using MDCK II cells and a mathematical model. The complexity of TJ strand networks and paracellular barrier did not change in tKO cells compared to that in tricellulin/occludin double-gene knockout (dKO) cells. Exogenous marvelD3 expression in dKO cells did not increase the complexity of TJ strand networks and epithelial barrier tightness. The expression of the carboxy-terminal truncation mutant of tricellulin restored the barrier function in the dKO cells, whereas occludin lacking the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail was not expressed on the plasma membrane. These data suggest that marvelD3 does not affect the morphology of TJ strands and barrier function in MDCK II cells and that the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail of tricellulin is dispensable for barrier improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira C Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chisato Endo
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Science, Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao F, Guo M, Zhang M, Duan M, Zheng J, Liu Y, Qiu L. Sub-lethal concentration of metamifop exposure impair gut health of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135081. [PMID: 35636611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that sublethal metamifop exposures induce hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in zebrafish. Whether metamifop will cause adverse effects in zebrafish gut is unknown. In the present study, effects of metamifop on gut heath of zebrafish were investigated after sublethal concentration (0.025, 0.10 and 0.40 mg/L) exposure. Histopathology analysis showed that metamifop induced inflammation and reduction of goblet cells in the gut, indicating that gut health may be impaired. Metamifop exposure could reduce activities of digestive enzymes (lipase and alkaline phosphatase), indicating the capacity of lipid absorption were impaired. Meanwhile, the content of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) and mRNA levels of related genes (apoa-1a, apoe-b, fatp4, lpl and fabp2) were reduced in zebrafish gut after exposure to metamifop, suggesting the lipid transportation were decreased. The transcripts of genes associated with inflammation (il-17c, tnf-α and nf-kb) were significantly increased in 0.40 mg/L metamifop treatment group, which were 1.90-, 1.53- and 2.77-fold of the control group, respectively, confirming that metamifop induced inflammatory response in zebrafish gut. Moreover, reduction of mRNA levels of cldn-15 and elevation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) content were observed in metamifop-treated groups, which suggested that metamifop exposure increased the intestinal permeability. Furthermore, metamifop exposure decreased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Psychrobacter and Aeromonas) and elevated the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Rhodobacter and Ralstonia) in zebrafish intestine. These results indicated that metamifop exposure at sublethal concentrations would impair zebrafish gut health, via reduction of lipids absorption, inflammatory response, elevation of permeability and microbiota disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junyue Zheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinchi Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Y, Rudolph S, Longo BN, Pace F, Roh T, Condruti R, Gee M, Watnick P, Kaplan DL. Bioengineered 3D Tissue Model of Intestine Epithelium with Oxygen Gradients to Sustain Human Gut Microbiome. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200447. [PMID: 35686484 PMCID: PMC9388577 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is crucial to hosting physiology and health. Therefore, stable in vitro coculture of primary human intestinal cells with a microbiome community is essential for understanding intestinal disease progression and revealing novel therapeutic targets. Here, a three-dimensional scaffold system is presented to regenerate an in vitro human intestinal epithelium that recapitulates many functional characteristics of the native small intestines. The epithelium, derived from human intestinal enteroids, contains mature intestinal epithelial cells and possesses selectively permeable barrier functions. Importantly, by properly positioning the scaffolds cultured under normal atmospheric conditions, two physiologically relevant oxygen gradients, a proximal-to-distal oxygen gradient along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and a radial oxygen gradient across the epithelium, are distinguished in the tissues when the lumens are faced up and down in cultures, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the low oxygen gradients supported the coculture of intestinal epithelium along with a complex living commensal gut microbiome (including obligate anaerobes) to simulate temporal microbiome dynamics in the native human gut. This unique silk scaffold platform may enable the exploration of microbiota-related mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host-pathogen dynamics in infectious diseases including the potential to explore the human microbiome-gut-brain axis and potential novel microbiome-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA,To whom correspondence may be addressed. ;
| | - Sara Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Brooke N. Longo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fernanda Pace
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Terrence Roh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Rebecca Condruti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michelle Gee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Paula Watnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,To whom correspondence may be addressed. ;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13182. [PMID: 35915212 PMCID: PMC9343646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid non-invasive kidney-specific readouts are essential to maximizing the potential of microfluidic tissue culture platforms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a well-established technique, but it has yet to be evaluated as a metric of toxicity in a kidney proximal tubule (PT) model that recapitulates the high permeability of the native tissue and is also suitable for high-throughput screening. We utilized the PREDICT96 high-throughput microfluidic platform, which has rapid TEER measurement capability and multi-flow control, to evaluate the utility of TEER sensing for detecting cisplatin-induced toxicity in a human primary PT model under both mono- and co-culture conditions as well as two levels of fluid shear stress (FSS). Changes in TEER of PT-microvascular co-cultures followed a dose-dependent trend similar to that demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays and were well-correlated with tight junction coverage after cisplatin exposure. Additionally, cisplatin-induced changes in TEER were detectable prior to increases in cell death in co-cultures. PT mono-cultures had a less differentiated phenotype and were not conducive to toxicity monitoring with TEER. The results of this study demonstrate that TEER has potential as a rapid, early, and label-free indicator of toxicity in microfluidic PT-microvascular co-culture models.
Collapse
|
23
|
Modelling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier in Huntington Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147813. [PMID: 35887162 PMCID: PMC9321930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been described in neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD), it is not known if endothelial cells themselves are functionally compromised when promoting BBB dysfunction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunction remain elusive given the limitations with mouse models and post mortem tissue to identify primary deficits. We established models of BBB and undertook a transcriptome and functional analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain-like microvascular endothelial cells (iBMEC) from HD patients or unaffected controls. We demonstrated that HD-iBMECs have abnormalities in barrier properties, as well as in specific BBB functions such as receptor-mediated transcytosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Schuhmacher D, Sontag JM, Sontag E. A Novel Role of PP2A Methylation in the Regulation of Tight Junction Assembly and Integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:911279. [PMID: 35912112 PMCID: PMC9326217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.911279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are multiprotein complexes essential for cell polarity and the barrier function of epithelia. The major signaling molecule, protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A), interacts with the TJ and modulates the phosphorylation state of TJ proteins. An important PP2A regulatory mechanism involves leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 (LCMT1)-dependent methylation and protein phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME1)-mediated demethylation of its catalytic subunit on Leu309. Here, using MDCK cells, we show that overexpression of LCMT1, which enhances cellular PP2A methylation, inhibits TJ formation, induces TJ ruffling, and decreases TJ barrier function. Conversely, overexpression of PME1 accelerates TJ assembly and enhances TJ barrier function. PME1-dependent PP2A demethylation increases during early Ca2+-dependent junctional assembly. Inhibition of endogenous PME1 delays the initial Ca2+-mediated redistribution of TJ proteins to cell-cell contacts and affects TJ morphology and barrier function. Manipulating one-carbon metabolism modulates TJ assembly, at least in part by affecting PP2A methylation state. The integrity of PP2A methylation is critical for proper targeting of PP2A to the TJ. It is necessary for PP2A complex formation with the TJ proteins, occludin and ZO-1, and proteins of the PAR complex, Par3 and atypical protein kinase C ζ (aPKCζ), which play a key role in development of cell polarity. Expression of a methylation incompetent PP2A mutant induces defects in TJ assembly and barrier function. aPKCζ-mediated Par3 phosphorylation is also required for targeting of the PP2A ABαC holoenzyme to the TJ. Our findings provide the first evidence for a role of LCMT1, PME1 and PP2A methylation/demethylation processes in modulating TJ assembly and functional integrity. They also position PP2A at the interface of one-carbon metabolism and the regulation of key TJ and polarity proteins that become deregulated in many human diseases.
Collapse
|
25
|
Partridge BR, Kani Y, Lorenzo MF, Campelo SN, Allen IC, Hinckley J, Hsu FC, Verbridge SS, Robertson JL, Davalos RV, Rossmeisl JH. High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation (H-FIRE) Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Is Mediated by Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Changes in Tight Junction Protein Regulation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1384. [PMID: 35740406 PMCID: PMC9220673 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the deadliest malignant brain tumor. Its location behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a therapeutic challenge by preventing effective delivery of most chemotherapeutics. H-FIRE is a novel tumor ablation method that transiently disrupts the BBB through currently unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that H-FIRE mediated BBB disruption (BBBD) occurs via cytoskeletal remodeling and alterations in tight junction (TJ) protein regulation. Intracranial H-FIRE was delivered to Fischer rats prior to sacrifice at 1-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96 h post-treatment. Cytoskeletal proteins and native and ubiquitinated TJ proteins (TJP) were evaluated using immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and gene-expression arrays on treated and sham control brain lysates. Cytoskeletal and TJ protein expression were further evaluated with immunofluorescent microscopy. A decrease in the F/G-actin ratio, decreased TJP concentrations, and increased ubiquitination of TJP were observed 1-48 h post-H-FIRE compared to sham controls. By 72-96 h, cytoskeletal and TJP expression recovered to pretreatment levels, temporally corresponding with increased claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant dysregulation of claudin genes, centered around claudin-6 in H-FIRE treated rats. In conclusion, H-FIRE is capable of permeating the BBB in a spatiotemporal manner via cytoskeletal-mediated TJP modulation. This minimally invasive technology presents with applications for localized and long-lived enhanced intracranial drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie R. Partridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Yukitaka Kani
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Melvin F. Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.F.L.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Sabrina N. Campelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.F.L.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.C.A.); (S.S.V.); (J.L.R.); (R.V.D.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jonathan Hinckley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Scott S. Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.C.A.); (S.S.V.); (J.L.R.); (R.V.D.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John L. Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.C.A.); (S.S.V.); (J.L.R.); (R.V.D.)
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.F.L.); (S.N.C.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kayalar O, Oztay F, Yildirim M, Ersen E. Dysregulation of E-cadherin in pulmonary cell damage related with COPD contributes to emphysema. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:330-341. [DOI: 10.1177/07482337221095638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially at chronic exposure to high concentrations, is a respiratory risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). E-cadherin, a cell–cell adhesion protein, is involved in the integrity of the alveolar epithelium. Causes of E-cadherin decreases in emphysematous areas with pulmonary cell damage related to COPD are not well understood. We aimed to determine the molecules causing the decrease of E-cadherin and interactions between these molecules. In emphysematous and non-emphysematous areas of lungs from COPD patients (n = 35), levels of E-cadherin, HDACs, Snail, Zeb1, active-β-catenin, p120ctn, and Kaiso were determined by using Western Blot. The interactions of HDAC1, HDAC2, and p120ctn with transcription co-activators and Kaiso were examined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The methylation status of the CDH1 promoter was investigated. E-cadherin, Zeb1, Kaiso, and active-β-catenin were decreased in emphysema, while HDAC1, HDAC2, and p120ctn2 were increased. Snail, Zeb1, Twist, active-β-catenin, Kaiso, and p120ctn co-precipitated with HDAC1 and HDAC2. E-cadherin, Kaiso, and active-β-catenin co-precipitated with p120ctn. HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions were increased in emphysema, but p120ctn-E-cadherin interaction was decreased. The results show that HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions are capable of decreasing the E-cadherin in emphysema. The decreased interaction of p120ctn/E-cadherin leads to E-cadherin destruction. The decreased E-cadherin and its induced degradation in pneumocytes cause impaired repair and disintegrity of the epithelium. Approaches to suppress HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions may help the protection of alveolar epithelial integrity by increasing the E-cadherin stability in pneumocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgecan Kayalar
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Oztay
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Yildirim
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezel Ersen
- Department of Chest Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vanslembrouck B, Chen JH, Larabell C, van Hengel J. Microscopic Visualization of Cell-Cell Adhesion Complexes at Micro and Nanoscale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819534. [PMID: 35517500 PMCID: PMC9065677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in our knowledge of the morphological and functional varieties of anchoring junctions. Cell-cell adhesion contacts consist of discrete junctional structures responsible for the mechanical coupling of cytoskeletons and allow the transmission of mechanical signals across the cell collective. The three main adhesion complexes are adherens junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Microscopy has played a fundamental role in understanding these adhesion complexes on different levels in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the main light and electron microscopy techniques used to unravel the structure and composition of the three cell-cell contacts in epithelial and endothelial cells. It functions as a guide to pick the appropriate imaging technique(s) for the adhesion complexes of interest. We also point out the latest techniques that have emerged. At the end, we discuss the problems investigators encounter during their cell-cell adhesion research using microscopic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Vanslembrouck
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bieke Vanslembrouck, ; Jolanda van Hengel,
| | - Jian-hua Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Larabell
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bieke Vanslembrouck, ; Jolanda van Hengel,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, Fu R, Jiang T, Duan D, Wu Y, Li C, Li Z, Ni R, Li L, Liu Y. Mechanism of Lethal Skin Toxicities Induced by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors and Related Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:804212. [PMID: 35223483 PMCID: PMC8866822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.804212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are widely used to treat various types of cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer. Adverse reactions such as skin toxicity, interstitial lung disease, hepatotoxicity, ocular toxicity, hypomagnesemia, stomatitis, and diarrhea may occur during treatment. Because the EGFR signaling pathway is important for maintaining normal physiological skin function. Adverse skin reactions occurred in up to 90% of cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors, including common skin toxicities (such as papulopustular exanthemas, paronychia, hair changes) and rare fatal skin toxicities (e.g., Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis). This has led to the dose reduction or discontinuation of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Recently, progress has been made about research on the skin toxicity of EGFR inhibitors. Here, we summarize the mechanism of skin toxicity caused by EGFR inhibitors, measures to prevent severe fatal skin toxicity, and provide reference for medical staff how to give care and treatment after adverse skin reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vectorial Release of Human RNA Viruses from Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020231. [PMID: 35215825 PMCID: PMC8875463 DOI: 10.3390/v14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are apico-basolateral polarized cells that line all tubular organs and are often targets for infectious agents. This review focuses on the release of human RNA virus particles from both sides of polarized human cells grown on transwells. Most viruses that infect the mucosa leave their host cells mainly via the apical side while basolateral release is linked to virus propagation within the host. Viruses do this by hijacking the cellular factors involved in polarization and trafficking. Thus, understanding epithelial polarization is essential for a clear understanding of virus pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lock JY, Caboni M, Strandwitz P, Morrissette M, DiBona K, Joughin BA, Lewis K, Carrier RL. An in vitro intestinal model captures immunomodulatory properties of the microbiota in inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2039002. [PMID: 35316142 PMCID: PMC8942420 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2039002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable effort has been put forth to understand mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates and responds to inflammation. Here, we explored whether oxidation metabolites produced by the host during inflammation, sodium nitrate and trimethylamine oxide, impact the composition of a human stool bacterial population in a gut simulator. We then assessed whether an immune-competent in vitro intestinal model responded differently to spent medium from bacteria exposed to these cues compared to spent medium from a control bacterial population. The host-derived oxidation products were found to decrease levels of Bacteroidaceae and overall microbiota metabolic potential, while increasing levels of proinflammatory Enterobacteriaceae and lipopolysaccharide in bacterial cultures, reflecting shifts that occur in vivo in inflammation. Spent microbiota media induced elevated intracellular mucin levels and reduced intestinal monolayer integrity as reflected in transepithelial electrical resistance relative to fresh medium controls. However, multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed markedly different cytokine signatures from intestinal cultures exposed to spent medium with added oxidation products relative to spent control medium, while cytokine signatures of cultures exposed to fresh media were similar regardless of addition of host-derived cues. Further, the presence of immune cells in the intestinal model was required for this differentiation of cytokine signatures. This study indicates that simple in vitro immune-competent intestinal models can capture bacterial-mammalian cross-talk in response to host-derived oxidation products and supports utility of these systems for mechanistic studies of interactions between the gut microbiome and host in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Y. Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariaelena Caboni
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Strandwitz
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine Morrissette
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin DiBona
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Mit and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massacusetts, USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biological Distribution of Orally Administered [ 123I]MIBG for Estimating Gastrointestinal Tract Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010061. [PMID: 35056957 PMCID: PMC8779057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract absorption of cationic anticancer drugs and medicines was estimated using whole-body imaging following oral [123I]MIBG administration. [123I]MIBG was added to cultures of human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells expressing human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)2B1, carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN)1 and OCTN2, and organic cation transporter (OCT)1, OCT2, and OCT3 with and without cimetidine (an OCTN and OCT inhibitor) and L-carnitine (an OCTN inhibitor). Biodistribution analyses and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in normal and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis mice were conducted using [123I]MIBG with and without cimetidine. [123I]MIBG uptake was significantly higher in HEK293/OCTN1, 2, and OCT1-3 cells than in mock cells. Uptake via OCTN was inhibited by L-carnitine, whereas OCT-mediated uptake was inhibited by cimetidine. Biodistribution analyses and SPECT imaging studies showed significantly lower accumulation of [123I]MIBG in the blood, heart, liver, and bladder in DSS-induced experimental colitis mice and mice with cimetidine loading compared with normal mice, whereas significantly higher accumulation in the stomach and kidney was observed after [123I]MIBG injection. [123I]MIBG imaging after oral administration can be used to estimate gastrointestinal absorption in the small intestine via OCTN and/or OCT by measuring radioactivity in the heart, liver, and bladder.
Collapse
|
32
|
Effects of Heat-Killed Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Skin Homeostasis-Related Genes and the Skin Microbiome among Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102029. [PMID: 34683350 PMCID: PMC8539941 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain plasma (LC-plasma) is a bacterial strain that activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and induces viral resistance genes via the TLR9/MyD88 pathway. We recently showed that oral administration of LC-plasma prevents skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus, possibly by activating skin immunity. In this study, we conducted a double-blind clinical trial to investigate the effect of oral administration of heat-killed LC-plasma on the skin microbiome, gene expression in the skin, and the skin condition of healthy volunteers. Seventy healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either heat-killed LC-plasma or a placebo for eight weeks. Analysis of the skin microbiome by next-generation sequencing suggested that the alpha-diversity of the skin microbiome did not change during the test period in either group. However, the proportion of species that changed significantly during the test period was 10-fold smaller in the LC-plasma group than in the placebo group, suggesting that LC-plasma may maintain the skin microbiome. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that tight-junction genes, such as CLDN1 and CLDN12, and the antimicrobial peptide gene BD3 were significantly up-regulated in the LC-plasma group but not in the placebo group. Our results suggest that administration of LC-plasma helps to maintain the skin microbiome and that it affects homeostasis-related genes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Schaller MA, Sharma Y, Dupee Z, Nguyen D, Urueña J, Smolchek R, Loeb JC, Machuca TN, Lednicky JA, Odde DJ, Campbell RF, Sawyer WG, Mehrad B. Ex vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung reveals heterogeneous host defense and therapeutic responses. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148003. [PMID: 34357881 PMCID: PMC8492301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are the mainstay in understanding the biology of COVID-19 infection but do not recapitulate many of the complexities of human infection. The use of human lung tissue is one solution for the study of such novel respiratory pathogens. We hypothesized that a cryopreserved bank of human lung tissue would allow for the ex vivo study of the interindividual heterogeneity of host response to SARS-CoV-2, thus providing a bridge between studies with cell lines and studies in animal models. We generated a cryobank of tissues from 21 donors, many of whom had clinical risk factors for severe COVID-19. Cryopreserved tissues preserved 90% cell viability and contained heterogenous populations of metabolically active epithelial, endothelial, and immune cell subsets of the human lung. Samples were readily infected with HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated comparable susceptibility to infection. In contrast, we observed a marked donor-dependent heterogeneity in the expression of IL6, CXCL8, and IFNB1 in response to SARS-CoV-2. Treatment of tissues with dexamethasone and the experimental drug N-hydroxycytidine suppressed viral growth in all samples, whereas chloroquine and remdesivir had no detectable effect. Metformin and sirolimus, molecules with predicted but unproven antiviral activity, each suppressed viral replication in tissues from a subset of donors. In summary, we developed a system for the ex vivo study of human SARS-CoV-2 infection using primary human lung tissue from a library of donor tissues. This model may be useful for drug screening and for understanding basic mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Yamini Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Zadia Dupee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering
| | - Juan Urueña
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering
| | - Ryan Smolchek
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and Emerging Pathogens Institute; and
| | - Tiago N. Machuca
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and Emerging Pathogens Institute; and
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert F. Campbell
- Department of Drug Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - W. Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peterson RJ, Koval M. Above the Matrix: Functional Roles for Apically Localized Integrins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699407. [PMID: 34485286 PMCID: PMC8414885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane proteins that are most typically thought of as integrating adhesion to the extracellular matrix with intracellular signaling and cell regulation. Traditionally, integrins are found at basolateral and lateral cell surfaces where they facilitate binding to the ECM and intercellular adhesion through cytosolic binding partners that regulate organization of actin microfilaments. However, evidence is accumulating that integrins also are apically localized, either endogenously or due to an exogenous stimulus. Apically localized integrins have been shown to regulate several processes by interacting with proteins such as connexins, tight junction proteins, and polarity complex proteins. Integrins can also act as receptors to mediate endocytosis. Here we review these newly appreciated roles for integrins localized to the apical cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raven J Peterson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal disrupts tight junction via F-actin reorganization. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109557. [PMID: 34147488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tight junction is an intercellular protein complex that regulates paracellular permeability and epithelial cell polarization. This intercellular barrier is associated with actin filament. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), the major crystalline composition in kidney stones, has been shown to disrupt tight junction but with an unclear mechanism. This study aimed to address whether COM crystal disrupts tight junction via actin deregulation. MDCK distal renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with 100 μg/ml COM crystals for 48 h. Western blot analysis revealed that level of a tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), significantly decreased, whereas that of β-actin remained unchanged after exposure to COM crystals. Immunofluorescence study showed discontinuation and dissociation of ZO-1 and filamentous actin (F-actin) expression at the cell border. In addition, clumping of F-actin was found in some cytoplasmic areas of the COM-treated cells. Moreover, transepithelial resistance (TER) was reduced by COM crystals, indicating the defective barrier function of the polarized cells. All of these COM-induced defects could be completely abolished by pretreatment with 20 μM phalloidin, an F-actin stabilizer, 2-h prior to the 48-h crystal exposure. These findings indicate that COM crystal does not reduce the total level of actin but causes tight junction disruption via F-actin reorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lynn KS, Easley KF, Martinez FJ, Reed RC, Schlingmann B, Koval M. Asymmetric distribution of dynamin-2 and β-catenin relative to tight junction spikes in alveolar epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1929786. [PMID: 34107845 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1929786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions between lung alveolar epithelial cells maintain an air-liquid barrier necessary for healthy lung function. Previously, we found that rearrangement of tight junctions from a linear, cortical orientation into perpendicular protrusions (tight junction spikes) is associated with a decrease in alveolar barrier function, especially in alcoholic lung syndrome. Using quantitative super-resolution microscopy, we found that spikes in control cells were enriched for claudin-18 as compared with alcohol-exposed cells. Moreover, using an in situ method to measure barrier function, tight junction spikes were not associated with localized increases in permeability. This suggests that tight junction spikes have a regulatory role as opposed to causing a physical weakening of the epithelial barrier. We found that tight junction spikes form at cell-cell junctions oriented away from pools of β-catenin associated with actin filaments, suggesting that adherens junctions determine the directionality of tight junction spikes. Dynamin-2 was associated with junctional claudin-18 and ZO-1, but showed little localization with β-catenin and tight junction spikes. Treatment with Dynasore decreased the number of tight junction spikes/cell, increased tight junction spike length, and stimulated actin to redistribute to cortical tight junctions. By contrast, Dynole 34-2 and MiTMAB altered β-catenin localization, and reduced tight junction spike length. These data suggest a novel role for dynamin-2 in tight junction spike formation by reorienting junction-associated actin. Moreover, the greater spatial separation of adherens and tight junctions in squamous alveolar epithelial cells as compared with columnar epithelial cells facilitates analysis of molecular regulation of the apical junctional complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kristen F Easley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Francisco J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ryan C Reed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Barbara Schlingmann
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zuo JY, Tong YJ, Yue DM. [A review on the effect of Claudin-18 on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:542-547. [PMID: 34020748 PMCID: PMC8140329 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has the main manifestations of pulmonary edema in the early stage and characteristic alveolar obstruction and microvascular dysplasia in the late stage, which may be caused by structural and functional destruction of the lung epithelial barrier. The Claudin family is the main component of tight junction and plays an important role in regulating the permeability of paracellular ions and solutes. Claudin-18 is the only known tight junction protein solely expressed in the lung. The lack of Claudin-18 can lead to barrier dysfunction and impaired alveolar development, and the knockout of Claudin-18 can cause characteristic histopathological changes of BPD. This article elaborates on the important role of Claudin-18 in the development and progression of BPD from the aspects of lung epithelial permeability, alveolar development, and progenitor cell homeostasis, so as to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ye Zuo
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tong
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Study on the bioavailability of stevioside-encapsulized lutein and its mechanism. Food Chem 2021; 354:129528. [PMID: 33756320 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop novel lutein nanoparticles encapsulized by stevioside (LUT-STE, 165 ± 2 nm average particles size) and systematically evaluate its bioavailability. Multiple spectroscopy and NMR analyses showed lutein and stevioside could interact through hydrogen bonds, CHπ interaction and van der Waals forces. Molecular docking simulation showed lutein was well distributed in the hydrophobic cavity of stevioside. Analyzed by Caco-2 cellular models, the transported amount of LUT-STE was 2.39 times that of lutein in 120 min with a Papp (B → A)/Papp (A → B) value of 0.63 ± 0.04. Nystatin and dynasore significantly reduced the cellular uptake of LUT-STE by 41.3% and 57.7%, respectively. Compared with free lutein, LUT-STE increased the Cmax in mice plasma by 5.01-fold and promoted the accumulation in multiple organs. LUT-STE promoted the protein expressions of CD36, NPC1L1 and PPARγ in both cell and animal models. In conclusion, stevioside entrapment significantly promote the bioavailability of lutein through multiple transmembrane pathways.
Collapse
|
39
|
Saito AC, Higashi T, Fukazawa Y, Otani T, Tauchi M, Higashi AY, Furuse M, Chiba H. Occludin and tricellulin facilitate formation of anastomosing tight-junction strand network to improve barrier function. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:722-738. [PMID: 33566640 PMCID: PMC8108510 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are composed of a claudin-based anastomosing network of TJ strands at which plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely attached to regulate the paracellular permeability. Although the TJ proteins occludin and tricellulin have been known to be incorporated in the TJ strand network, their molecular functions remain unknown. Here, we established tricellulin/occludin-double knockout (dKO) MDCK II cells using a genome editing technique and evaluated the structure and barrier function of these cells. In freeze-fracture replica electron microscopy, the TJ strands of tricellulin/occludin-dKO cells had fewer branches and were less anastomosed compared with the controls. The paracellular permeability of ions and small tracers was increased in the dKO cells. A single KO of tricellulin or occludin had limited effects on the morphology and permeability of TJs. Mathematical simulation using a simplified TJ strand network model predicted that reduced cross-links in TJ strands lead to increased permeability of ions and small macromolecules. Furthermore, overexpression of occludin increased the complexity of TJ strand network and strengthened barrier function. Taken together, our data suggest that tricellulin and occludin mediate the formation and/or stabilization of TJ-strand branching points and contribute to the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira C Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Research Center for Child Mental Development, School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Tauchi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Atsuko Y Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang X, Shi X, Hansen ME, Setiady I, Nemeth CL, Celli A, Huang B, Mauro T, Koval M, Desai TA. Nanotopography Enhances Dynamic Remodeling of Tight Junction Proteins through Cytosolic Liquid Complexes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13192-13202. [PMID: 32940450 DOI: 10.1101/858118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopographic materials provide special biophysical stimuli that can regulate epithelial tight junctions and their barrier function. Through the use of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of live cells, we demonstrated that contact of synthetic surfaces with defined nanotopography at the apical surface of epithelial monolayers increased paracellular permeability of macromolecules. To monitor changes in tight junction morphology in live cells, we fluorescently tagged the scaffold protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to enable live cell tracking of ZO-1 expressed at physiologic levels. Contact between cells and nanostructured surfaces destabilized junction-associated ZO-1 and promoted its arrangement into highly dynamic liquid cytosolic complexes with a 1-5 μm diameter. Junction-associated ZO-1 rapidly remodeled, and we observed the direct transformation of cytosolic complexes into junction-like structures. Claudin-family tight junction transmembrane proteins and F-actin also were associated with these ZO-1 containing cytosolic complexes. These data suggest that these cytosolic structures are important intermediates formed in response to nanotopographic cues that facilitate rapid tight junction remodeling in order to regulate paracellular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mollie Eva Hansen
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Initha Setiady
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Anna Celli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang X, Shi X, Hansen ME, Setiady I, Nemeth CL, Celli A, Huang B, Mauro T, Koval M, Desai TA. Nanotopography Enhances Dynamic Remodeling of Tight Junction Proteins through Cytosolic Liquid Complexes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13192-13202. [PMID: 32940450 PMCID: PMC7606830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopographic materials provide special biophysical stimuli that can regulate epithelial tight junctions and their barrier function. Through the use of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of live cells, we demonstrated that contact of synthetic surfaces with defined nanotopography at the apical surface of epithelial monolayers increased paracellular permeability of macromolecules. To monitor changes in tight junction morphology in live cells, we fluorescently tagged the scaffold protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to enable live cell tracking of ZO-1 expressed at physiologic levels. Contact between cells and nanostructured surfaces destabilized junction-associated ZO-1 and promoted its arrangement into highly dynamic liquid cytosolic complexes with a 1-5 μm diameter. Junction-associated ZO-1 rapidly remodeled, and we observed the direct transformation of cytosolic complexes into junction-like structures. Claudin-family tight junction transmembrane proteins and F-actin also were associated with these ZO-1 containing cytosolic complexes. These data suggest that these cytosolic structures are important intermediates formed in response to nanotopographic cues that facilitate rapid tight junction remodeling in order to regulate paracellular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mollie Eva Hansen
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Initha Setiady
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Anna Celli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim TK, Lee JC, Im SH, Lee MS. Amelioration of Autoimmune Diabetes of NOD Mice by Immunomodulating Probiotics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1832. [PMID: 33013834 PMCID: PMC7496355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 autoimmune diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by specific destruction of pancreatic β-cells producing insulin. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota and immunity are closely linked to systemic immunity, affecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Altered gut microbiota may be causally related to the development of immune-mediated diseases, and probiotics have been suggested to have modulatory effects on inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. We studied whether a probiotic combination that has immunomodulatory effects on several inflammatory diseases can reduce the incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a classical animal model of human T1D. When Immune Regulation and Tolerance 5 (IRT5), a probiotic combination comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidium, and Streptococcus thermophiles, was administered 6 times a week for 36 weeks to NOD mice, beginning at 4 weeks of age, the incidence of diabetes was significantly reduced. Insulitis score was also significantly reduced, and β-cell mass was conversely increased by IRT5 administration. IRT5 administration significantly reduced gut permeability in NOD mice. The proportion of total regulatory T cells was not changed by IRT5 administration; however, the proportion of CCR9+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing gut-homing receptor was significantly increased in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and lamina propria of the small intestine (SI-LP). Type 1 T helper (Th1) skewing was reduced in PLNs by IRT5 administration. IRT5 could be a candidate for an effective probiotic combination, which can be safely administered to inhibit or prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- ImmunoBiome. Inc., Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alanyl-Glutamine Restores Tight Junction Organization after Disruption by a Conventional Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081178. [PMID: 32823646 PMCID: PMC7464725 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and targeting the molecular basis of peritoneal solute and protein transport is essential to improve peritoneal dialysis (PD) efficacy and patient outcome. Supplementation of PD fluids (PDF) with alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) increased small solute transport and reduced peritoneal protein loss in a recent clinical trial. Transepithelial resistance and 10 kDa and 70 kDa dextran transport were measured in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to conventional acidic, glucose degradation products (GDP) containing PDF (CPDF) and to low GDP containing PDF (LPDF) with and without AlaGln. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 were quantified by Western blot and immunofluorescence and in mice exposed to saline and CPDF for 7 weeks by digital imaging analyses. Spatial clustering of ZO-1 molecules was assessed by single molecule localization microscopy. AlaGln increased transepithelial resistance, and in CPDF exposed HUVEC decreased dextran transport rates and preserved claudin-5 and ZO-1 abundance. Endothelial clustering of membrane bound ZO-1 was higher in CPDF supplemented with AlaGln. In mice, arteriolar endothelial claudin-5 was reduced in CPDF, but restored with AlaGln, while mesothelial claudin-5 abundance was unchanged. AlaGln supplementation seals the peritoneal endothelial barrier, and when supplemented to conventional PD fluid increases claudin-5 and ZO-1 abundance and clustering of ZO-1 in the endothelial cell membrane.
Collapse
|