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Ford NC, Benedeck RE, Mattoon MT, Peterson JK, Mesler AL, Veniaminova NA, Gardon DJ, Tsai SY, Uchida Y, Wong SY. Hair follicles modulate skin barrier function. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114347. [PMID: 38941190 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Our skin provides a protective barrier that shields us from our environment. Barrier function is typically associated with the interfollicular epidermis; however, whether hair follicles influence this process remains unclear. Here, we utilize a potent genetic tool to probe barrier function by conditionally ablating a quintessential epidermal barrier gene, Abca12, which is mutated in the most severe skin barrier disease, harlequin ichthyosis. With this tool, we deduced 4 ways by which hair follicles modulate skin barrier function. First, the upper hair follicle (uHF) forms a functioning barrier. Second, barrier disruption in the uHF elicits non-cell-autonomous responses in the epidermis. Third, deleting Abca12 in the uHF impairs desquamation and blocks sebum release. Finally, barrier perturbation causes uHF cells to move into the epidermis. Neutralizing IL-17a, whose expression is enriched in the uHF, partially alleviated some disease phenotypes. Altogether, our findings implicate hair follicles as multi-faceted regulators of skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Ford
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel E Benedeck
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew T Mattoon
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jamie K Peterson
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arlee L Mesler
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natalia A Veniaminova
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danielle J Gardon
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunny Y Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Harvey BJ, McElvaney NG. Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:56. [PMID: 39026347 PMCID: PMC11264786 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological sex differences exist for many airway diseases in which females have either worse or better health outcomes. Inflammatory airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma display a clear male advantage in post-puberty while a female benefit is observed in asthma during the pre-puberty years. The influence of menstrual cycle stage and pregnancy on the frequency and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in CF and asthma point to a role for sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogen, in underpinning biological sex differences in these diseases. There are many ways by which estrogen may aggravate asthma and CF involving disturbances in airway surface liquid (ASL) dynamics, inappropriate hyper-immune and allergenic responses, as well as exacerbation of pathogen virulence. The deleterious effect of estrogen on pulmonary function in CF and asthma contrasts with the female advantage observed in airway diseases characterised by pulmonary edema such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19. Airway surface liquid hypersecretion and alveolar flooding are hallmarks of ARDS and COVID-19, and contribute to the morbidity and mortality of severe forms of these diseases. ASL dynamics encompasses the intrinsic features of the thin lining of fluid covering the airway epithelium which regulate mucociliary clearance (ciliary beat, ASL height, volume, pH, viscosity, mucins, and channel activating proteases) in addition to innate defence mechanisms (pathogen virulence, cytokines, defensins, specialised pro-resolution lipid mediators, and metabolism). Estrogen regulation of ASL dynamics contributing to biological sex differences in CF, asthma and COVID-19 is a major focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, RCSI ERC, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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3
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Bojarski KK, David A, Lecaille F, Samsonov SA. In silico approaches for better understanding cysteine cathepsin-glycosaminoglycan interactions. Carbohydr Res 2024; 543:109201. [PMID: 39013335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins constitute the largest cathepsin family, with 11 proteases in human that are present primarily within acidic endosomal and lysosomal compartments. They are involved in the turnover of intracellular and extracellular proteins. They are synthesized as inactive procathepsins that are converted to mature active forms. Cathepsins play important roles in physiological and pathological processes and, therefore, receive increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets. Their maturation and activity can be regulated by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), long linear negatively charged polysaccharides composed of recurring dimeric units. In this review, we summarize recent computational progress in the field of (pro)cathepsin-GAG complexes analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof K Bojarski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Alexis David
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
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4
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Dey G, Sinai-Turyansky R, Yakobovich E, Merquiol E, Loboda J, Sridharan N, Houri-Haddad Y, Polak D, Yona S, Turk D, Wald O, Blum G. Development and Application of Reversible and Irreversible Covalent Probes for Human and Mouse Cathepsin-K Activity Detection, Revealing Nuclear Activity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401518. [PMID: 38970171 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin-K (CTSK) is an osteoclast-secreted cysteine protease that efficiently cleaves extracellular matrices and promotes bone homeostasis and remodeling, making it an excellent therapeutic target. Detection of CTSK activity in complex biological samples using tailored tools such as activity-based probes (ABPs) will aid tremendously in drug development. Here, potent and selective CTSK probes are designed and created, comparing irreversible and reversible covalent ABPs with improved recognition components and electrophiles. The newly developed CTSK ABPs precisely detect active CTSK in mouse and human cells and tissues, from diseased and healthy states such as inflamed tooth implants, osteoclasts, and lung samples, indicating changes in CTSK's activity in the pathological samples. These probes are used to study how acidic pH stimulates mature CTSK activation, specifically, its transition from pro-form to mature form. Furthermore, this study reveals for the first time, why intact cells and cell lysate exhibit diverse CTSK activity while having equal levels of mature CTSK enzyme. Interestingly, these tools enabled the discovery of active CTSK in human osteoclast nuclei and in the nucleoli. Altogether, these novel probes are excellent research tools and can be applied in vivo to examine CTSK activity and inhibition in diverse diseases without immunogenicity hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Dey
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Reut Sinai-Turyansky
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Evalyn Yakobovich
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Emmanuelle Merquiol
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Jure Loboda
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Nikhila Sridharan
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Simon Yona
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Dusan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Galia Blum
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
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Chen Z, Zeng J, Pei X, Zhao J, Zhao F, Zhang G, Liang K, Li J, Zhao X. Causal Relationships Between Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:787-800. [PMID: 38894977 PMCID: PMC11184171 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s458637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinical studies have demonstrated the intricate association between the onset and progression of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the activation of the inflammatory cascade reaction. This study delves into investigating the causal links between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins (CIPs) and OSA through the application of Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques. Methods Utilizing genetic data on OSA sourced from the Finnish Biobank (FinnGen) Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) of the European population, alongside summary-level GWAS data of CIPs from 14,824 European participants, we conducted a bidirectional MR study. Results This study suggests that several factors may be associated with the risk of OSA. IL-17C (odds ratio (OR) = 1.090, p = 0.0311), CCL25 (OR = 1.079, p = 0.0493), FGF-5 (OR = 1.090, p = 0.0003), CD5 (OR = 1.055, p = 0.0477), and TNFSF14 (OR = 1.092, p = 0.0008) may positively correlate with OSA risk. Conversely, IL-20RA (OR = 0.877, p = 0.0107), CCL19 (OR = 0.933, p = 0.0237), MIP-1 alpha (OR = 0.906, p = 0.0042), Flt3L (OR = 0.941, p = 0.0019), CST5 (OR = 0.957, p = 0.0320), OPG (OR = 0.850, p = 0.0001), and TRAIL (OR = 0.956, p = 0.0063) may reduce the risk of OSA. Additionally, elevated levels of IL-10RA (OR = 1.153, p = 0.0478) were observed as a consequence of OSA. Conversely, OSA may potentially lead to decreased levels of CCL28 (OR = 0.875, p = 0.0317), DNER (OR = 0.874, p = 0.0324), FGF-21 (OR = 0.846, p = 0.0344), and CSF-1 (OR = 0.842, p = 0.0396). Conclusion Through this bidirectional MR study, we have identified 12 upstream regulatory proteins and 5 downstream effect proteins that are linked to OSA. These findings hold promise in providing potential therapeutic targets for the inflammatory mechanisms underlying OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Chen
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Zeng
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Pei
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Liang
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Chest Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- DeepinBreath Union Laboratory, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Liu J, Heddleston J, Perkins DR, Chen JJH, Ghanbarpour A, Smith BW, Miles R, Aihara E, Afshar S. Discovery of a new class of cell-penetrating peptides by novel phage display platform. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13437. [PMID: 38862601 PMCID: PMC11167021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary hurdles for small interference RNA (siRNA) in clinical use are targeted and cytosolic delivery. To overcome both challenges, we have established a novel platform based on phage display, called NNJA. In this approach, a lysosomal cathepsin substrate is engineered within the flexible loops of PIII, that is displaying a unique random sequence at its N-terminus. NNJA library selection targeting cell-expressed targets should yield specific peptides localized in the cytoplasm. That is because phage internalization and subsequent localization to lysosome, upon peptide binding to the cell expressed target, will result in cleavage of PIII, rendering phage non-infective. Such phage will be eliminated from the selected pool and only peptide-phage that escapes lysosomes will advance to the next round. Proof of concept studies with the NNJA library demonstrated cytosolic localization of selected peptide-phage and peptide-siRNA, confirmed through confocal microscopy. More importantly, conjugation of siHPRT to monomeric or multimeric NNJA peptides resulted in significant reduction in HPRT mRNA in various cell types without significant cytotoxicity. Sequence similarity and clustering analysis from NGS dataset provide insights into sequence composition facilitating cell penetration. NNJA platform offers a highly efficient peptide discovery engine for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides to cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - John Heddleston
- Biotechnology Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Douglas Raymond Perkins
- Genetic Medicine, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Jack Jia Hua Chen
- Biotechnology Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Ahmadreza Ghanbarpour
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bill William Smith
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Rebecca Miles
- Genetic Medicine, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Eitaro Aihara
- Biotechnology Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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7
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Cogo RM, Pavani TFA, Mengarda ACA, Cajas RA, Teixeira TR, Fukui-Silva L, Sun YU, Liu LJ, Amarasinghe DK, Yoon MC, Santos-Filho OA, de Moraes J, Caffrey CR, G G Rando D. Pharmacophore Virtual Screening Identifies Riboflavin as an Inhibitor of the Schistosome Cathepsin B1 Protease with Antiparasitic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25356-25369. [PMID: 38882094 PMCID: PMC11170711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease of poverty that affects over 200 million people worldwide and relies on a single drug for therapy. The cathepsin B1 cysteine protease (SmCB1) of Schistosoma mansoni has been investigated as a potential target. Here, a structure-based pharmacophore virtual screening (VS) approach was used on a data set of approved drugs to identify potential antischistosomal agents targeting SmCB1. Pharmacophore (PHP) models underwent validation through receiver operating characteristics curves achieving values >0.8. The data highlighted riboflavin (RBF) as a compound of particular interest. A 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that RBF altered the conformation of SmCB1, causing the protease's binding site to close around RBF while maintaining the protease's overall integrity. RBF inhibited the activity of SmCB1 at low micromolar values and killed the parasite in vitro. Finally, in a murine model of S. mansoni infection, oral administration of 100 mg/kg RBF for 7 days significantly decreased worm burdens by ∼20% and had a major impact on intestinal and fecal egg burdens, which were decreased by ∼80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M Cogo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus Diadema, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química da Unifesp, Rua São Nicolau 210, 2o andar, Centro, Diadema, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Thaís F A Pavani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus Diadema, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química da Unifesp, Rua São Nicolau 210, 2o andar, Centro, Diadema, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Ana C A Mengarda
- Universidade Guarulhos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas-NPDN, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, Guarulhos 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Rayssa A Cajas
- Universidade Guarulhos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas-NPDN, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, Guarulhos 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Thainá R Teixeira
- Universidade Guarulhos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas-NPDN, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, Guarulhos 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fukui-Silva
- Universidade Guarulhos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas-NPDN, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, Guarulhos 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Yujie Uli Sun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Lawrence J Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Dilini K Amarasinghe
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Michael C Yoon
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Osvaldo A Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Universidade Guarulhos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas-NPDN, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, Guarulhos 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Daniela G G Rando
- Grupo de Pesquisas Químico-Farmacêuticas da Unifesp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rua São Nicolau, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus Diadema, 210, 2o andar, Centro, Diadema, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
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8
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Choi M, Toscano C, Edman MC, de Paiva CS, Hamm-Alvarez SF. The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38829671 PMCID: PMC11156205 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Loss of function of the lacrimal gland (LG), which produces the aqueous tear film, is implicated in age-related dry eye. To better understand this deterioration, we evaluated changes in lipid metabolism and inflammation in LGs from an aging model. Methods LG sections from female C57BL/6J mice of different ages (young, 2-3 months; intermediate, 10-14 months; old, ≥24 months) were stained with Oil Red-O or Toluidine blue to detect lipids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blotting of LG lysates determined differences in the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism. A photobleaching protocol to quench age-related autofluorescence was used in LG sections to evaluate changes in immunofluorescence associated with NPC1, NPC2, CTSL, and macrophages (F4/80, CD11b) with age using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results Old LGs showed increased lipids prominent in basal aggregates in acinar cells and in extra-acinar sites. LG gene expression of Npc1, Npc2, Lipa, and Mcoln2, encoding proteins involved in lipid metabolism, was increased with age. NPC1 was also significantly increased in old LGs by western blotting. In photobleached LG sections, confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL immunofluorescence showed age-associated enrichment in macrophages labeled to detect F4/80. Although mononuclear macrophages were detectable in LG at all ages, this novel multinucleate macrophage population containing NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL and enriched in F4/80 and some CD11b was increased with age at extra-acinar sites. Conclusions Lipid-metabolizing proteins enriched in F4/80-positive multinucleated macrophages are increased in old LGs adjacent to sites of lipid deposition in acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cindy Toscano
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
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9
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Radisky ES. Extracellular proteolysis in cancer: Proteases, substrates, and mechanisms in tumor progression and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107347. [PMID: 38718867 PMCID: PMC11170211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A vast ensemble of extracellular proteins influences the development and progression of cancer, shaped and reshaped by a complex network of extracellular proteases. These proteases, belonging to the distinct classes of metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartic proteases, play a critical role in cancer. They often become dysregulated in cancer, with increases in pathological protease activity frequently driven by the loss of normal latency controls, diminished regulation by endogenous protease inhibitors, and changes in localization. Dysregulated proteases accelerate tumor progression and metastasis by degrading protein barriers within the extracellular matrix (ECM), stimulating tumor growth, reactivating dormant tumor cells, facilitating tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, and shifting stromal cells toward cancer-promoting behaviors through the precise proteolysis of specific substrates to alter their functions. These crucial substrates include ECM proteins and proteoglycans, soluble proteins secreted by tumor and stromal cells, and extracellular domains of cell surface proteins, including membrane receptors and adhesion proteins. The complexity of the extracellular protease web presents a significant challenge to untangle. Nevertheless, technological strides in proteomics, chemical biology, and the development of new probes and reagents are enabling progress and advancing our understanding of the pivotal importance of extracellular proteolysis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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Wang F, Baverel V, Chaumonnot K, Bourragat A, Bellenger J, Bellenger S, Zhou W, Narce M, Garrido C, Kohli E. The endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP94 modulates cathepsin L activity in M2 macrophages in conditions of obesity-associated inflammation and contributes to their pro-inflammatory profile. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:830-840. [PMID: 38351251 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are key actors in the pathophysiology of obesity-related diseases. They have a unique intermediate M2-M1 phenotype which has been linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We previously reported that human M2 macrophages treated with the ER stress inducer thapsigargin switched to a pro-inflammatory phenotype that depended on the stress protein GRP94. In these conditions, GRP94 promoted cathepsin L secretion and was co-secreted with complement C3. As cathepsin L and complement C3 have been reported to play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity, in this work we studied the involvement of GRP94 in the pro-inflammatory phenotype of ATM. METHODS GRP94, cathepsin L and C3 expression were analyzed in CD206 + ATM from mice, WT or obesity-resistant transgenic fat-1, fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet. GRP94 colocalization with cathepsin L and C3 and its effects were analyzed in human primary macrophages using thapsigargin as a control to induce ER stress and palmitic acid (PA) as a driver of metabolic activation. RESULTS In WT, but not in fat-1 mice, fed a HFD, we observed an increase in crown-like structures consisting of CD206 + pSTAT1+ macrophages showing high expression of GRP94 that colocalized with cathepsin L and C3. In vitro experiments showed that PA favored a M2-M1 switch depending on GRP94. This switch was prevented by omega-3 fatty acids. PA-induced GRP94-cathepsin L colocalization and a decrease in cathepsin L enzymatic activity within the cells (while the enzymatic activity in the extracellular medium was increased). These effects were prevented by the GRP94 inhibitor PU-WS13. CONCLUSIONS GRP94 is overexpressed in macrophages both in in vivo and in vitro conditions of obesity-associated inflammation and is involved in changing their profile towards a more pro-inflammatory profile. It colocalizes with complement C3 and cathepsin L and modulates cathepsin L activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Wang
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Valentin Baverel
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Killian Chaumonnot
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Amina Bourragat
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jerome Bellenger
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Michel Narce
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
- Centre Anti-Cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France.
- CHU, Dijon, France.
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11
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Parra M, Coppola M, Hellmann H. PDX proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana as novel substrates of cathepsin B: implications for vitamin B 6 biosynthesis regulation. FEBS J 2024; 291:2372-2387. [PMID: 38431778 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is a critical molecule for metabolism, development, and stress sensitivity in plants. It is a cofactor for numerous biochemical reactions, can serve as an antioxidant, and has the potential to increase tolerance against both biotic and abiotic stressors. Due to the importance of vitamin B6, its biosynthesis is likely tightly regulated. Plants can synthesize vitamin B6 de novo via the concerted activity of Pyridoxine Biosynthesis Protein 1 (PDX1) and PDX2. Previously, PDX proteins have been identified as targets for ubiquitination, indicating they could be marked for degradation by two highly conserved pathways: the Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) and the autophagy pathway. Initial experiments show that PDXs are in fact degraded, but surprisingly, in a ubiquitin-independent manner. Inhibitor studies pointed toward cathepsin B, a conserved lysosomal cysteine protease, which is implicated in both programed cell death and autophagy in humans and plants. In plants, cathepsin Bs are poorly described, and no confirmed substrates have been identified. Here, we present PDX proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana as interactors and substrates of a plant Cathepsin B. These findings not only describe a novel cathepsin B substrate in plants, but also provide new insights into how plants regulate de novo biosynthesis of vitamin B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Parra
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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12
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Martviset P, Thanongsaksrikul J, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Chaimon S, Glab-Ampai K, Chaibangyang W, Sornchuer P, Srimanote P, Ruangtong J, Prathaphan P, Taechadamrongtham T, Torungkitmangmi N, Sanannam B, Gordon CN, Thongsepee N, Pankao V, Chantree P. Production and immunological characterization of the novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against the epitopes on Opisthorchis viverrini cathepsin F (OvCatF). Acta Trop 2024; 254:107199. [PMID: 38552996 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a significant health problem in several countries, especially Southeast Asia. The infection causes acute gastro-hepatic symptoms and also long-term infection leading to carcinogenesis of an aggressive bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma; CCA). Hence, the early diagnosis of O. viverrini infection could be the way out of this situation. Still, stool examination by microscopic-based methods, the current diagnostic procedure is restricted by low parasite egg numbers in the specimen and unprofessional laboratorians. The immunological procedure provides a better chance for diagnosis of the infection. Hence, this study aims to produce single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies for use as a diagnostic tool for O. viverrini infection. METHODS This study uses phage display technologies to develop the scFv antibodies against O. viverrini cathepsin F (OvCatF). The OvCatF-deduced amino acid sequence was analyzed and predicted for B-cell epitopes used for short peptide synthesis. The synthetic peptides were used to screen the phage library simultaneously with OvCatF recombinant protein (rOvCatF). The potentiated phages were collected, rescued, and reassembled in XL1-blue Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a propagative host. The positive clones of phagemids were isolated, and the single-chain variable (scFv) fragments were sequenced, computationally predicted, and molecular docked. The complete scFv fragments were digested from the phagemid, subcloned into the pOPE101 expression vector, and expressed in XL1-blue E. coli. Indirect ELISA and Western analysis were used to verify the detection efficiency. RESULTS The scFv phages specific to OvCatF were successfully isolated, subcloned, and produced as a recombinant protein. The recombinant scFv antibodies were purified and refolded to make functional scFv. The evaluation of specific recognition of the particular epitopes and detection limit results by both computational and laboratory performances demonstrated that all three recombinant scFv antibodies against OvCatF could bind specifically to rOvCatF, and the lowest detection concentration in this study was only one hundred nanograms. CONCLUSION Our produced scFv antibodies will be the potential candidates for developing a practical diagnostic procedure for O. viverrini infection in humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Salisa Chaimon
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kantaphon Glab-Ampai
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Chaibangyang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Phornphan Sornchuer
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jittiporn Ruangtong
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Parisa Prathaphan
- Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Nattaya Torungkitmangmi
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Bumpenporn Sanannam
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Nattaya Thongsepee
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Viriya Pankao
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Zhao B, Chen F, Yao Q, Lin M, Zhou K, Mi S, Pan H, Zhao X. Toxicity effects and mechanism of micro/nanoplastics and loaded conventional pollutants on zooplankton: An overview. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106547. [PMID: 38739970 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics in aquatic environments is a noteworthy environmental problem. Zooplankton, an important biological group in aquatic ecosystems, readily absorb micro/nanoplastics and produce a range of toxic endpoints due to their small size. This review summarises relevant studies on the effects of micro/nanoplastics on zooplankton, including combined effects with conventional pollutants. Frequently reported adverse effects include acute/chronic lethal effects, oxidative stress, gene expression, energetic homeostasis, and growth and reproduction. Obstruction by plastic entanglement and blockage is the physical mechanism. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are molecular mechanisms. Properties of micro/nanoplastics, octanol/water partition coefficients of conventional pollutants, species and intestinal environments are important factors influencing single and combined toxicity. Selecting a wider range of micro/nanoplastics, focusing on the aging process and conducting field studies, adopting diversified zooplankton models, and further advancing the study of mechanisms are the outstanding prospects for deeper understanding of impacts of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Qiang Yao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agriculture University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Manfeng Lin
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Shican Mi
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Haixia Pan
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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14
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Tiraboschi G, Isaac P, Breser ML, Angiolini V, Rodriguez-Berdini L, Porporatto C, Bohl LP. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3-mediated effects on bovine innate immunity and on biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cattle with mastitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106508. [PMID: 38521361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one the most widespread and serious diseases in dairy cattle. Recurrent and chronic infections are often attributable to certain pathogenicity mechanisms in mastitis-causing pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. These include growing in biofilm and invading cells, both of which make it possible to resist or evade antimicrobial therapies and the host's immune system. This study tested the effects of active vitamin D3 (i.e., calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on the internalization and phagocytosis of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from animals with mastitis. Two established bovine cell lines were used: MAC-T (mammary epithelial cells) and BoMac (macrophages). Calcitriol (0-200 nM) did not affect the viability of MAC-T cells nor that of BoMac cells after 24 and 72 h. Concentrations of 0-100 mM for 24 h upregulated the expression of 24-hydroxylase in MAC-T cells, but did not alter that of VDR. Pre-treatment of the cells with calcitriol for 24 h decreased the internalization of S. aureus V329 into MAC-T cells (0-100 nM), and stimulated the phagocytosis of the same strain and of S. xylosus 4913 (0-10 nM). Calcitriol and two conditioned media, obtained by treating the cells with 25-200 nM of the metabolite for 24 h, were also assessed in terms of their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Neither calcitriol by itself nor the conditioned media affected staphylococcal growth or biofilm formation (0-200 nM for 12 and 24 h, respectively). In contrast, the conditioned media (0-100 nM for 24 h) decreased the biomass of preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms and killed the bacteria within them, without affecting metabolic activity. These effects may be mediated by reactive oxygen species and proteins with antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activity. In short, calcitriol could make pathogens more accessible to antimicrobial therapies and enhance bacterial clearance by professional phagocytes. Moreover, it may modulate the host's endogenous defenses in the bovine udder and help combat preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms (S. chromogenes 40, S. xylosus 4913, and/or S. haemolyticus 6). The findings confirm calcitriol's potential as an adjuvant to prevent and/or treat intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus spp., which would in turn contribute to reducing antibiotic use on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Tiraboschi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Angiolini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodriguez-Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Petruzzella A, Bruand M, Santamaria-Martínez A, Katanayeva N, Reymond L, Wehrle S, Georgeon S, Inel D, van Dalen FJ, Viertl D, Lau K, Pojer F, Schottelius M, Zoete V, Verdoes M, Arber C, Correia BE, Oricchio E. Antibody-peptide conjugates deliver covalent inhibitors blocking oncogenic cathepsins. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01627-z. [PMID: 38811854 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that are relevant therapeutic targets for the treatment of different cancers and other diseases. However, no clinically approved drugs for these proteins exist, as their systemic inhibition can induce deleterious side effects. To address this problem, we developed a modular antibody-based platform for targeted drug delivery by conjugating non-natural peptide inhibitors (NNPIs) to antibodies. NNPIs were functionalized with reactive warheads for covalent inhibition, optimized with deep saturation mutagenesis and conjugated to antibodies to enable cell-type-specific delivery. Our antibody-peptide inhibitor conjugates specifically blocked the activity of cathepsins in different cancer cells, as well as osteoclasts, and showed therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our approach allows for the rapid design of selective cathepsin inhibitors and can be generalized to inhibit a broad class of proteases in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Petruzzella
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Bruand
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Santamaria-Martínez
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalya Katanayeva
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Reymond
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Wehrle
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Georgeon
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damla Inel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Floris J van Dalen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Viertl
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, Department of Research and Training, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- AGORA Pôle de Recherche sur le Cancer, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Arber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno E Correia
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Xu B, Anderson BM, Mountford SJ, Thompson PE, Mintern JD, Edgington-Mitchell LE. Cathepsin X deficiency alters the processing and localisation of cathepsin L and impairs cleavage of a nuclear cathepsin L substrate. Biol Chem 2024; 405:351-365. [PMID: 38410910 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Proteases function within sophisticated networks. Altering the activity of one protease can have sweeping effects on other proteases, leading to changes in their activity, structure, specificity, localisation, stability, and expression. Using a suite of chemical tools, we investigated the impact of cathepsin X, a lysosomal cysteine protease, on the activity and expression of other cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in dendritic cells. Among all proteases examined, cathepsin X gene deletion specifically altered cathepsin L levels; pro-cathepsin L and its single chain accumulated while the two-chain form was unchanged. This effect was recapitulated by chemical inhibition of cathepsin X, suggesting a dependence on its catalytic activity. We demonstrated that accumulation of pro- and single chain cathepsin L was not due to a lack of direct cleavage by cathepsin X or altered glycosylation, secretion, or mRNA expression but may result from changes in lysosomal oxidative stress or pH. In the absence of active cathepsin X, nuclear cathepsin L and cleavage of the known nuclear cathepsin L substrate, Lamin B1, were diminished. Thus, cathepsin X activity selectively regulates cathepsin L, which has the potential to impact the degree of cathepsin L proteolysis, the nature of substrates that it cleaves, and the location of cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, 2281 Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bethany M Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, 2281 Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon J Mountford
- Medicinal Chemistry, 2541 Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, 2541 Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, 2281 Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, 2281 Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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17
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Zdravkova K, Mijanovic O, Brankovic A, Ilicheva PM, Jakovleva A, Karanovic J, Pualic M, Pualic D, Rubel AA, Savvateeva LV, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Unveiling the Roles of Cysteine Proteinases F and W: From Structure to Pathological Implications and Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2024; 13:917. [PMID: 38891048 PMCID: PMC11171618 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins F and W are members of the papain-like cysteine protease family, which have distinct structural features and functional roles in various physiological and pathological processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the structure, biological functions, and pathological implications of cathepsins F and W. Beginning with an introduction to these proteases, we delve into their structural characteristics and elucidate their unique features that dictate their enzymatic activities and substrate specificity. We also explore the intricate involvement of cathepsins F and W in malignancies, highlighting their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging roles of these enzymes in immune response modulation and neurological disorders, shedding light on their implications in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we review the landscape of inhibitors targeting these proteases, highlighting their therapeutic potential and challenges in clinical translation. This review brings together the diverse facets of cysteine cathepsins F and W, providing insights into their roles in health and disease and guiding future investigations for therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zdravkova
- AD Alkaloid Skopje, Boulevard Alexander the Great 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Olja Mijanovic
- Dia-M, LCC, 7 b.3 Magadanskaya Str., 129345 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ana Brankovic
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Forensic Sciences and Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Cara Dusana 196, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Polina M. Ilicheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | | | - Jelena Karanovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444A, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Pualic
- Institute Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dusan Pualic
- Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandr A. Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Gallwitz L, Bleibaum F, Voss M, Schweizer M, Spengler K, Winter D, Zöphel F, Müller S, Lichtenthaler S, Damme M, Saftig P. Cellular depletion of major cathepsin proteases reveals their concerted activities for lysosomal proteolysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:227. [PMID: 38775843 PMCID: PMC11111660 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Proteins delivered by endocytosis or autophagy to lysosomes are degraded by exo- and endoproteases. In humans 15 lysosomal cathepsins (CTS) act as important physiological regulators. The cysteine proteases CTSB and CTSL and the aspartic protease CTSD are the most abundant and functional important lysosomal proteinases. Whereas their general functions in proteolysis in the lysosome, their individual substrate, cleavage specificity, and their possible sequential action on substrate proteins have been previously studied, their functional redundancy is still poorly understood. To address a possible common role of highly expressed and functional important CTS proteases, we generated CTSB-, CTSD-, CTSL-, and CTSBDL-triple deficient (KO) human neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells and CTSB-, CTSD-, CTSL-, CTSZ and CTSBDLZ-quadruple deficient (KO) HeLa cells. These cells with a combined cathepsin deficiency exhibited enlarged lysosomes and accumulated lipofuscin-like storage material. The lack of the three (SH-SY5Y) or four (HeLa) major CTSs caused an impaired autophagic flux and reduced degradation of endocytosed albumin. Proteome analyses of parental and CTS-depleted cells revealed an enrichment of cleaved peptides, lysosome/autophagy-associated proteins, and potentially endocytosed membrane proteins like the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which can be subject to endocytic degradation. Amino- and carboxyterminal APP fragments accumulated in the multiple CTS-deficient cells, suggesting that multiple CTS-mediated cleavage events regularly process APP. In summary, our analyses support the idea that different lysosomal cathepsins act in concert, have at least partially and functionally redundant substrates, regulate protein degradation in autophagy, and control cellular proteostasis, as exemplified by their involvement in the degradation of APP fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gallwitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Bleibaum
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Voss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), UKE, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Spengler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Zöphel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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19
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Cheetham CJ, McKelvey MC, McAuley DF, Taggart CC. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in Lung Inflammation: Old Players and New Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5492. [PMID: 38791530 PMCID: PMC11122108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived proteases are critical to the pathology of many inflammatory lung diseases, both chronic and acute. These abundant enzymes play roles in key neutrophil functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species release. They may also be released, inducing tissue damage and loss of tissue function. Historically, the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) have been the main subject of neutrophil protease research. Despite highly promising cell-based and animal model work, clinical trials involving the inhibition of NSPs have shown mixed results in lung disease patients. As such, the cutting edge of neutrophil-derived protease research has shifted to proteases that have had little-to-no research in neutrophils to date. These include the cysteine and serine cathepsins, the metzincins and the calpains, among others. This review aims to outline the previous work carried out on NSPs, including the shortcomings of some of the inhibitor-orientated clinical trials. Our growing understanding of other proteases involved in neutrophil function and neutrophilic lung inflammation will then be discussed. Additionally, the potential of targeting these more obscure neutrophil proteases will be highlighted, as they may represent new targets for inhibitor-based treatments of neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Cheetham
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
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20
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Du J, Liu F, Liu X, Zhao D, Wang D, Sun H, Yan C, Zhao Y. Lysosomal dysfunction and overload of nucleosides in thymidine phosphorylase deficiency of MNGIE. J Transl Med 2024; 22:449. [PMID: 38741129 PMCID: PMC11089807 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited deficiency of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), encoded by TYMP, leads to a rare disease with multiple mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abnormalities, mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). However, the impact of TP deficiency on lysosomes remains unclear, which are important for mitochondrial quality control and nucleic acid metabolism. Muscle biopsy tissue and skin fibroblasts from MNGIE patients, patients with m.3243 A > G mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and healthy controls (HC) were collected to perform mitochondrial and lysosomal functional analyses. In addition to mtDNA abnormalities, compared to controls distinctively reduced expression of LAMP1 and increased mitochondrial content were detected in the muscle tissue of MNGIE patients. Skin fibroblasts from MNGIE patients showed decreased expression of LAMP2, lowered lysosomal acidity, reduced enzyme activity and impaired protein degradation ability. TYMP knockout or TP inhibition in cells can also induce the similar lysosomal dysfunction. Using lysosome immunoprecipitation (Lyso- IP), increased mitochondrial proteins, decreased vesicular proteins and V-ATPase enzymes, and accumulation of various nucleosides were detected in lysosomes with TP deficiency. Treatment of cells with high concentrations of dThd and dUrd also triggers lysosomal dysfunction and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, the results provided evidence that TP deficiency leads to nucleoside accumulation in lysosomes and lysosomal dysfunction, revealing the widespread disruption of organelles underlying MNGIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Street No.107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Street No.107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Street No.107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Street No.107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hongsheng Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Street No.107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Street No.107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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21
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Falke S, Lieske J, Herrmann A, Loboda J, Karničar K, Günther S, Reinke PYA, Ewert W, Usenik A, Lindič N, Sekirnik A, Dretnik K, Tsuge H, Turk V, Chapman HN, Hinrichs W, Ebert G, Turk D, Meents A. Structural Elucidation and Antiviral Activity of Covalent Cathepsin L Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7048-7067. [PMID: 38630165 PMCID: PMC11089505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Emerging RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, continue to be a major threat. Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 particles via the endosomal pathway involves cysteine cathepsins. Due to ubiquitous expression, cathepsin L (CatL) is considered a promising drug target in the context of different viral and lysosome-related diseases. We characterized the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of a set of carbonyl- and succinyl epoxide-based inhibitors, which were previously identified as inhibitors of cathepsins or related cysteine proteases. Calpain inhibitor XII, MG-101, and CatL inhibitor IV possess antiviral activity in the very low nanomolar EC50 range in Vero E6 cells and inhibit CatL in the picomolar Ki range. We show a relevant off-target effect of CatL inhibition by the coronavirus main protease α-ketoamide inhibitor 13b. Crystal structures of CatL in complex with 14 compounds at resolutions better than 2 Å present a solid basis for structure-guided understanding and optimization of CatL inhibitors toward protease drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Falke
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Lieske
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Institute
of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Jure Loboda
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Karničar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre
of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of
Proteins, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Y. A. Reinke
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ewert
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Usenik
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre
of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of
Proteins, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Lindič
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Sekirnik
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dretnik
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hideaki Tsuge
- Faculty of
Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Vito Turk
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henry N. Chapman
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität
Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Hinrichs
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute
of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Institute
of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 30, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dušan Turk
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre
of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of
Proteins, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alke Meents
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Zeng R, Zhou Z, Liao W, Guo B. Genetic insights into the role of cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38714485 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the causal relationships between cathepsins and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with nine cathepsin types (cathepsins B, E, F, G, H, O, S, L2, and Z) were obtained from the INTERVAL study (3301 individuals). CVDs data were acquired from the UK Biobank (coronary atherosclerosis: 14 334 cases, 346 860 controls) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (myocardial infarction: 20 917 cases, 440 906 controls; myocarditis: 633 cases, 427 278 controls; chronic heart failure: 14 262 cases, 471 898 controls; angina pectoris: 30 025 cases, 440 906 controls; stable angina pectoris: 17 894 cases, 325 132 controls; unstable angina pectoris: 9481 cases, 446 987 controls; pericarditis: 1795 cases, 453 370 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median methods were adopted to conduct univariable MR (UVMR), reverse MR, multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to estimate causality. The UVMR analyses demonstrated significant causal relationships between higher cathepsin E levels and increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis [IVW: P = 0.0051, odds ratio (OR) = 1.0033, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0010-1.0056] and myocardial infarction (IVW: P = 0.0097, OR = 1.0553, 95% CI = 1.0131-1.0993), while elevated cathepsin L2 levels were causally related to reduced risk of myocarditis (IVW: P = 0.0120, OR = 0.6895, 95% CI = 0.5158-0.9216) and chronic heart failure (IVW: P = 0.0134, OR = 0.9316, 95% CI = 0.8807-0.9854). Reverse MR analyses revealed that myocardial infarction increased cathepsin O levels (IVW: P = 0.0400, OR = 1.0708, 95% CI = 1.0031-1.1431). MVMR analyses treating nine cathepsins together revealed that the positive causality between cathepsin E levels and coronary atherosclerosis risk (IVW: P = 0.0390, OR = 1.0030, 95% CI = 1.0000-1.0060), and the protective effect of cathepsin L2 levels on myocarditis (IVW: P = 0.0030, OR = 0.6610, 95% CI = 0.5031-0.8676) and chronic heart failure (IVW: P = 0.0090, OR = 0.9259, 95% CI = 0.8737-0.9812) remained, as higher cathepsin O levels were found to be causally related to increased risks of myocarditis (IVW: P = 0.0030, OR = 1.6145, 95% CI = 1.1829-2.2034) and chronic heart failure (IVW: P = 0.0300, OR = 1.0779, 95% CI = 1.0070-1.1537). CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the causalities of cathepsin E, L2, and O on CVDs, offering insights into their roles in cardiovascular biomarkers and therapeutic targets development. Further research is required to apply these genetic findings clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zeng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Third Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhe Liao
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beian Guo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Huang G, Cong Z, Liu Z, Chen F, Bravo A, Soberón M, Zheng J, Peng D, Sun M. Silencing Ditylenchus destructor cathepsin L-like cysteine protease has negative pleiotropic effect on nematode ontogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10030. [PMID: 38693283 PMCID: PMC11063044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ditylenchus destructor is a migratory plant-parasitic nematode that severely harms many agriculturally important crops. The control of this pest is difficult, thus efficient strategies for its management in agricultural production are urgently required. Cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (CPL) is one important protease that has been shown to participate in various physiological and pathological processes. Here we decided to characterize the CPL gene (Dd-cpl-1) from D. destructor. Analysis of Dd-cpl-1 gene showed that Dd-cpl-1 gene contains a signal peptide, an I29 inhibitor domain with ERFNIN and GNFD motifs, and a peptidase C1 domain with four conserved active residues, showing evolutionary conservation with other nematode CPLs. RT-qPCR revealed that Dd-cpl-1 gene displayed high expression in third-stage juveniles (J3s) and female adults. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that Dd-cpl-1 was expressed in the digestive system and reproductive organs. Silencing Dd-cpl-1 in 1-cell stage eggs of D. destructor by RNAi resulted in a severely delay in development or even in abortive morphogenesis during embryogenesis. The RNAi-mediated silencing of Dd-cpl-1 in J2s and J3s resulted in a developmental arrest phenotype in J3 stage. In addition, silencing Dd-cpl-1 gene expression in female adults led to a 57.43% decrease in egg production. Finally, Dd-cpl-1 RNAi-treated nematodes showed a significant reduction in host colonization and infection. Overall, our results indicate that Dd-CPL-1 plays multiple roles in D. destructor ontogenesis and could serve as a new potential target for controlling D. destructor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziwen Cong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Donghai Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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24
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Yin Q, Yang C. Exploring lysosomal biology: current approaches and methods. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2024; 10:111-120. [PMID: 38774350 PMCID: PMC11103719 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are the degradation centers and signaling hubs in the cell. Lysosomes undergo adaptation to maintain cell homeostasis in response to a wide variety of cues. Dysfunction of lysosomes leads to aging and severe diseases including lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. To understand the complexity of lysosome biology, many research approaches and tools have been developed to investigate lysosomal functions and regulatory mechanisms in diverse experimental systems. This review summarizes the current approaches and tools adopted for studying lysosomes, and aims to provide a methodological overview of lysosomal research and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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25
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Ford NC, Benedeck RE, Mattoon MT, Peterson JK, Mesler AL, Veniaminova NA, Gardon DJ, Tsai SY, Uchida Y, Wong SY. Hair follicles modulate skin barrier function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590728. [PMID: 38712094 PMCID: PMC11071379 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Our skin provides a protective barrier that shields us from our environment. Barrier function is typically associated with interfollicular epidermis; however, whether hair follicles influence this process remains unclear. Here, we utilize a potent genetic tool to probe barrier function by conditionally ablating a quintessential epidermal barrier gene, Abca12, which is mutated in the most severe skin barrier disease, harlequin ichthyosis. With this tool, we deduced 4 ways by which hair follicles modulate skin barrier function. First, the upper hair follicle (uHF) forms a functioning barrier. Second, barrier disruption in the uHF elicits non-cell autonomous responses in the epidermis. Third, deleting Abca12 in the uHF impairs desquamation and blocks sebum release. Finally, barrier perturbation causes uHF cells to move into the epidermis. Neutralizing Il17a, whose expression is enriched in the uHF, partially alleviated some disease phenotypes. Altogether, our findings implicate hair follicles as multi-faceted regulators of skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C. Ford
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel E. Benedeck
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew T. Mattoon
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jamie K. Peterson
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arlee L. Mesler
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natalia A. Veniaminova
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danielle J. Gardon
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Maheshwari S, Patel BM. Unravelling the role of cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:579. [PMID: 38668953 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsins as a regulatory medium have been assessed as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cardiac diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc. They are ubiquitous lysosomal proteases with papain-like folded protein structures that are involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as the digestion of proteins, activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, degradation of extracellular matrix components, and maturation of peptide hormones. Cathepsins are classified into three major groups: cysteine cathepsins, aspartic cathepsins, and serine-threonine cathepsins. Each of these groups is further divided into subgroups based on their substrate specificity, structural characteristics, and biochemical properties. Several studies suggest that cathepsins control the degradation of ECM components such as collagen and elastin fibres. These enzymes are highly expressed in macrophages and inflammatory cells, and their upregulation has been demonstrated to be critical in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, increased cathepsin activity has been linked to increased vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are associated with CVDs. Specifically, the inhibition of cathepsins may reduce the release of pro-apoptotic mediators such as caspase-3 and PARP-1, which are thought to contribute to plaque instability. The potential of cathepsins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets has also been supported by the identification of potential cathepsin inhibitors, which could be used to modulate the activities of cathepsins in a range of diseases. This review shall familiarise the readers with the role of cysteinyl cathepsins and their inhibitors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- School of Medico-Legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, 382007, India.
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27
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Coene J, Wilms S, Verhelst SHL. Photopharmacology of Protease Inhibitors: Current Status and Perspectives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303999. [PMID: 38224181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Proteases are involved in many essential biological processes. Dysregulation of their activity underlies a wide variety of human diseases. Photopharmacology, as applied on various classes of proteins, has the potential to assist protease research by enabling spatiotemporal control of protease activity. Moreover, it may be used to decrease side-effects of protease-targeting drugs. In this review, we discuss the current status of the chemical design of photoactivatable proteases inhibitors and their biological application. Additionally, we give insight into future possibilities for further development of this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Coene
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Wilms
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Angeli E, Jordan M, Otto M, Stojanović SD, Karsdal M, Bauersachs J, Thum T, Fiedler J, Genovese F. The role of fibrosis in cardiomyopathies: An opportunity to develop novel biomarkers of disease activity. Matrix Biol 2024; 128:65-78. [PMID: 38423395 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies encompass a spectrum of heart disorders with diverse causes and presentations. Fibrosis stands out as a shared hallmark among various cardiomyopathies, reflecting a common thread in their pathogenesis. This prevalent fibrotic response is intricately linked to the consequences of dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, emphasizing its significance in the development and progression the disease. This review explores the ECM involvement in various cardiomyopathies and its impact on myocardial stiffness and fibrosis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of ECM fragments as early diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Biomarkers deriving from turnover of collagens and other ECM proteins hold promise in clinical applications. We outline current clinical management, future directions, and the potential for personalized ECM-targeted therapies with specific focus on microRNAs. In summary, this review examines the role of the fibrosis in cardiomyopathies, highlighting the potential of ECM-derived biomarkers in improving disease management with implications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Angeli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Maria Jordan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Mandy Otto
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Stevan D Stojanović
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Federica Genovese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Chiang YR, Lin HT, Chang CW, Lin SM, Lin JHY. Dynamic expression of cathepsin L in the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) gut during Escherichia coli challenge. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298338. [PMID: 38451906 PMCID: PMC10919656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for waste bioconversion due to the ability of the larvae to thrive in a microbial-rich environment. Being an ecological decomposer, the survival of BSF larvae (BSFL) relies on developing an efficient defense system. Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a cysteine protease that plays roles in physiological and pathological processes. In this study, the full-length of CTSL was obtained from BSF. The 1,020-bp open reading frame encoded a preprotein of 339 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 32 kDa. The pro-domain contained the conserved ERFNIN, GNYD, and GCNGG motifs, which are all characteristic of CTSL. Homology revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of BSF CTSL shared 74.22-72.99% identity with Diptera flies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed the CTSL was predominantly localized in the gut, especially in the midgut. The mRNA expression of CTSL in different larval stages was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), which revealed that CTSL was expressed in the second to sixth instar, with the highest expression in the fifth instar. Following an immune challenge in vivo using Escherichia coli (E. coli), CTSL mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 6 h post-stimulation. The Z-Phe-Arg-AMC was gradually cleaved by the BSFL extract after 3 h post-stimulation. These results shed light on the potential role of CTSL in the defense mechanism that helps BSFL to survive against pathogens in a microbial-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ru Chiang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tso Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - John Han-You Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Negash M, Chanyalew M, Girma T, Alemu F, Alcantara D, Towler B, Davey G, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Howe R, Newport MJ. Evidence for immune activation in pathogenesis of the HLA class II associated disease, podoconiosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2020. [PMID: 38448477 PMCID: PMC10917762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Available evidences suggest that podoconiosis is triggered by long term exposure of bare feet to volcanic red clay soil particles. Previous genome-wide studies in Ethiopia showed association between the HLA class II region and disease susceptibility. However, functional relationships between the soil trigger, immunogenetic risk factors and the immunological basis of the disease are uncharted. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the immune profile and gene expression of podoconiosis patients relative to endemic healthy controls. Peripheral blood immunophenotyping of T cells indicated podoconiosis patients had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell surface HLA-DR expression compared to healthy controls while CD62L expression was significantly lower. The levels of the activation markers CD40 and CD86 were significantly higher on monocytes and dendritic cell subsets in patients compared to the controls. RNA sequencing gene expression data indicated higher transcript levels for activation, scavenger receptors, and apoptosis markers while levels were lower for histones, T cell receptors, variable, and constant immunoglobulin chain in podoconiosis patients compared to healthy controls. Our finding provides evidence that podoconiosis is associated with high levels of immune activation and inflammation with over-expression of genes within the pro-inflammatory axis. This offers further support to a working hypothesis of podoconiosis as soil particle-driven, HLA-associated disease of immunopathogenic aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikias Negash
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Tigist Girma
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Ben Towler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Gail Davey
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melanie J Newport
- Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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31
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Li H, Liang B, Gao X, Peng Y, Liu Q, Qiu L, Lin J. Cathepsin B-Activated PET Tracer for In Vivo Tumor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1382-1389. [PMID: 38372213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin B, a lysosomal protease, is considered as a crucial biomarker for tumor diagnosis and treatment as it is overexpressed in numerous cancers. A stimulus-responsive SF scaffold has been reported to detect the activity of a variety of tumor-associated enzymes. In this work, a small-molecule PET tracer ([68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV) was developed by combining an SF scaffold with a cathepsin B-specific recognition substrate Cit-Val. Upon activation by cathepsin B, [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV could form the cyclization product in a reduction environment, resulting in reduced hydrophilicity. This unique property could effectively prevent exocytosis of the tracer in cathepsin B-overexpressing tumor cells, leading to prolonged retention and amplified PET imaging signal. Moreover, [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV had great targeting specificity to cathepsin B. In vivo microPET imaging results showed that [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV was able to effectively visualize the expression level of cathepsin B in various tumors. Hence, [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV may be served as a potential tracer for diagnosing cathepsin B-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ying Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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32
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Sales CF, Pinheiro APB, Ribeiro YM, Moreira DP, Luz RK, Melo RMC, Rizzo E. Starvation-induced autophagy modulates spermatogenesis and sperm quality in Nile tilapia. Theriogenology 2024; 216:42-52. [PMID: 38154205 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a finely regulated process that involves the interaction of several cellular mechanisms to ensure the proper development and maturation of germ cells. This study assessed autophagy contribution and its relation to apoptosis in fish spermatogenesis during starvation. To that end, Nile tilapia males were subjected to 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of starvation to induce autophagy. Testes samples were obtained for analyses of spermatogenesis by histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Sperm quality was assessed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Data indicated a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule area, and spermatozoa proportion in fish subject to starvation compared to the control group. Immunoblotting revealed a reduction of Bcl2 and Beclin 1 associated with increased Bax and Caspase-3, mainly after 21 and 28 days of starvation. LC3 and P62 indicated reduced autophagic flux in these starvation times. Immunolabeling for autophagic and apoptotic proteins occurred in all development stages of the germ cells, but protein expression varied throughout starvation. Beclin 1 and Cathepsin D decreased while Bax and Caspase-3 increased in spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa after 21 and 28 days. Autophagic and lysosomal proteins colocalization indicated the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and lysosomal degradation in spermatogenic cells. The CASA system indicated reduced sperm motility and velocity in animals subjected to 21 and 28 days of starvation. Altogether, the data support autophagy acting at different spermatogenesis stages in Nile tilapia, with decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis after 21 and 28 days of starvation, which results in a decrease in the spermatozoa number and sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Sales
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Barbosa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Laboratório de Aquacultura, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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33
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Peled A, Sprecher E. Proteolytic and Antiproteolytic Activity in the Skin: Gluing the Pieces Together. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:466-473. [PMID: 37865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is ultimately aimed at the formation of a functional barrier capable of protecting the organism from the environment while preventing loss of biologically vital elements. Epidermal differentiation entails a delicately regulated process of cell-cell junction formation and dissolution to enable upward cell migration and desquamation. Over the past two decades, the deciphering of the genetic basis of a number of inherited conditions has delineated the pivotal role played in this process by a series of proteases and protease inhibitors, including serpins, cathepsins, and cystatins, suggesting novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in both rare and common disorders of cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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34
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Swift IJ, Sjödin S, Gobom J, Brinkmalm A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Rohrer JD, Sogorb-Esteve A. Differential patterns of lysosomal dysfunction are seen in the clinicopathological forms of primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol 2024; 271:1277-1285. [PMID: 37917233 PMCID: PMC10896779 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates endo-lysosomal dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). 18 proteins were quantified using a mass spectrometry assay panel in the cerebrospinal fluid of 36 people with the language variant of FTD, primary progressive aphasia (PPA) (including 13 with non-fluent variant (nfvPPA), 11 with semantic variant (svPPA), and 12 with logopenic variant (lvPPA)) and 19 healthy controls. The concentrations of the cathepsins (B, D, F, L1, and Z) as well as AP-2 complex subunit beta, ganglioside GM2 activator, beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta, tissue alpha L-fucosidase, and ubiquitin were decreased in nfvPPA compared with controls. In contrast, the concentrations of amyloid beta A4 protein, cathepsin Z, and dipeptidyl peptidase 2 were decreased in svPPA compared with controls. No proteins were abnormal in lvPPA. These results indicate a differential alteration of lysosomal proteins in the PPA variants, suggesting those with non-Alzheimer's pathologies are more likely to show abnormal lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen J Swift
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Simon Sjödin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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35
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Diedrich AM, Daneshgar A, Tang P, Klein O, Mohr A, Onwuegbuchulam OA, von Rueden S, Menck K, Bleckmann A, Juratli MA, Becker F, Sauer IM, Hillebrandt KH, Pascher A, Struecker B. Proteomic analysis of decellularized mice liver and kidney extracellular matrices. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:17. [PMID: 38389090 PMCID: PMC10885605 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network of proteins that encases and supports cells within a tissue and promotes physiological and pathological cellular differentiation and functionality. Understanding the complex composition of the ECM is essential to decrypt physiological processes as well as pathogenesis. In this context, the method of decellularization is a useful technique to eliminate cellular components from tissues while preserving the majority of the structural and functional integrity of the ECM. RESULTS In this study, we employed a bottom-up proteomic approach to elucidate the intricate network of proteins in the decellularized extracellular matrices of murine liver and kidney tissues. This approach involved the use of a novel, perfusion-based decellularization protocol to generate acellular whole organ scaffolds. Proteomic analysis of decellularized mice liver and kidney ECM scaffolds revealed tissue-specific differences in matrisome composition, while we found a predominantly stable composition of the core matrisome, consisting of collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. Liver matrisome analysis revealed unique proteins such as collagen type VI alpha-6, fibrillin-2 or biglycan. In the kidney, specific ECM-regulators such as cathepsin z were detected. CONCLUSION The identification of distinct proteomic signatures provides insights into how different matrisome compositions might influence the biological properties of distinct tissues. This experimental workflow will help to further elucidate the proteomic landscape of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds of mice in order to decipher complex cell-matrix interactions and their contribution to a tissue-specific microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Diedrich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Assal Daneshgar
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Imaging Mass Spectrometry, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Mohr
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Olachi A Onwuegbuchulam
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sabine von Rueden
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mazen A Juratli
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Felix Becker
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pascher
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Struecker
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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36
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Kim MJ, Kim S, Reinheckel T, Krainc D. Inhibition of cysteine protease cathepsin L increases the level and activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169594. [PMID: 38329128 PMCID: PMC10967467 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoded by the GBA1 gene hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) to ceramide and glucose in lysosomes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disease Gaucher disease (GD) due to severe loss of GCase activity. Loss-of-function variants in the GBA1 gene are also the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Restoring lysosomal GCase activity represents an important therapeutic approach for GBA1-associated diseases. We hypothesized that increasing the stability of lysosomal GCase protein could correct deficient GCase activity in these conditions. However, it remains unknown how GCase stability is regulated in the lysosome. We found that cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, cleaves GCase and regulates its stability. In support of these data, GCase protein was elevated in the brain of cathepsin L-KO mice. Chemical inhibition of cathepsin L increased both GCase levels and activity in fibroblasts from patients with GD. Importantly, inhibition of cathepsin L in dopaminergic neurons from a patient GBA1-PD led to increased GCase levels and activity as well as reduced phosphorylated α-synuclein. These results suggest that targeting cathepsin L-mediated GCase degradation represents a potential therapeutic strategy for GCase deficiency in PD and related disorders that exhibit decreased GCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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37
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Chen Y, Zhu S, Liao T, Wang C, Han J, Yang Z, Lu X, Hu Z, Hu J, Wang X, Gu M, Gao R, Liu K, Liu X, Ding C, Hu S, Liu X. The HN protein of Newcastle disease virus induces cell apoptosis through the induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011981. [PMID: 38354122 PMCID: PMC10866534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic organelles that mediate the degradation and recycling of cellular waste materials. Damage to lysosomes can cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and trigger different types of cell death, including apoptosis. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can naturally infect most birds. Additionally, it serves as a promising oncolytic virus known for its effective infection of tumor cells and induction of intensive apoptotic responses. However, the involvement of lysosomes in NDV-induced apoptosis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that NDV infection profoundly triggers LMP, leading to the translocation of cathepsin B and D and subsequent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in various tumor and avian cells. Notably, the released cathepsin B and D exacerbate NDV-induced LMP by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, we uncover that the viral Hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) protein induces the deglycosylation and degradation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and LAMP2 dependent on its sialidase activity, which finally contributes to NDV-induced LMP and cellular apoptosis. Overall, our findings elucidate the role of LMP in NDV-induced cell apoptosis and provide novel insights into the function of HN during NDV-induced LMP, which provide innovative approaches for the development of NDV-based oncolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianxing Liao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxuan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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38
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Garcia-Bonilla L, Shahanoor Z, Sciortino R, Nazarzoda O, Racchumi G, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Analysis of brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:357-370. [PMID: 38177281 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers a powerful inflammatory reaction involving peripheral leukocytes and brain resident cells that contribute to both tissue injury and repair. However, their dynamics and diversity remain poorly understood. To address these limitations, we performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of brain and blood cells 2 or 14 days after ischemic stroke in mice. We observed a strong divergence of post-ischemic microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils over time, while endothelial cells and brain-associated macrophages showed altered transcriptomic signatures at 2 days poststroke. Trajectory inference predicted the in situ trans-differentiation of macrophages from blood monocytes into day 2 and day 14 phenotypes, while neutrophils were projected to be continuously de novo recruited from the blood. Brain single-cell transcriptomes from both female and male aged mice were similar to that of young male mice, but aged and young brains differed in their immune cell composition. Although blood leukocyte analysis also revealed altered transcriptomes after stroke, brain-infiltrating leukocytes displayed higher transcriptomic divergence than their circulating counterparts, indicating that phenotypic diversification occurs within the brain in the early and recovery phases of ischemic stroke. A portal ( https://anratherlab.shinyapps.io/strokevis/ ) is provided to allow user-friendly access to our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ziasmin Shahanoor
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose Sciortino
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omina Nazarzoda
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianfranco Racchumi
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Geng Vivanco R, Sousa ABS, Oliveira VDDC, Sinhoreti MAC, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Effect of the use of bromelain associated with bioactive glass-ceramic on dentin/adhesive interface. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:106. [PMID: 38244108 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of bromelain associated with Biosilicate on the bond strength (BS) of a universal adhesive system to sound (SD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD), and on the proteolytic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cavities were prepared in 360 molars, half submitted to cariogenic challenge. Teeth were separated into groups (n=20): Control-No treatment; CHX-0.12% chlorhexidine; NaOCl-5% sodium hypochlorite; Br5%-5% bromelain; Br10%-10% bromelain; Bio-10% Biosilicate; NaOClBio-NaOCl+Bio; Br5%Bio-Br5%+Bio; Br10%Bio-Br10%+Bio. Following treatments, the adhesive system was applied, and cavities were restored. Samples were sectioned into sticks and stored at 37 °C for 24 h, 6 months, and 1 year. Microtensile BS (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's test, α=0.05), fracture patterns (SEM), and adhesive interfaces (TEM) were evaluated. Bacterial collagenase assay and in situ zymography were performed. RESULTS In CAD, Br10% presented higher BS (p=0.0208) than Br5%Bio. Br5% presented higher BS (p=0.0033) after 6 months than after 24 h; and association of treatments, higher BS (p<0.05) after aging than after 24 h. Mixed fractures were the most prevalent. Association of treatments promoted a more uniform hybrid layer with embedded Bio particles. Experimental groups presented lower (p<0.0001) relative fluorescence units than Control. Bromelain, associated or not with Bio, showed collagenolytic degradation. CONCLUSIONS Bromelain associated with Biosilicate did not affect the BS to SD. In CAD, Br5%Bio decreased immediate BS but had no long-term influence. This association decreased the proteolytic activity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bromelain and Biosilicate may enhance the longevity of adhesive restorations by inhibiting endogenous proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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40
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Yu Y, Gao SM, Guan Y, Hu PW, Zhang Q, Liu J, Jing B, Zhao Q, Sabatini DM, Abu-Remaileh M, Jung SY, Wang MC. Organelle proteomic profiling reveals lysosomal heterogeneity in association with longevity. eLife 2024; 13:e85214. [PMID: 38240316 PMCID: PMC10876212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are active sites to integrate cellular metabolism and signal transduction. A collection of proteins associated with the lysosome mediate these metabolic and signaling functions. Both lysosomal metabolism and lysosomal signaling have been linked to longevity regulation; however, how lysosomes adjust their protein composition to accommodate this regulation remains unclear. Using deep proteomic profiling, we systemically profiled lysosome-associated proteins linked with four different longevity mechanisms. We discovered the lysosomal recruitment of AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoporin proteins and their requirements for longevity in response to increased lysosomal lipolysis. Through comparative proteomic analyses of lysosomes from different tissues and labeled with different markers, we further elucidated lysosomal heterogeneity across tissues as well as the increased enrichment of the Ragulator complex on Cystinosin-positive lysosomes. Together, this work uncovers lysosomal proteome heterogeneity across multiple scales and provides resources for understanding the contribution of lysosomal protein dynamics to signal transduction, organelle crosstalk, and organism longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Shihong M Gao
- Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Youchen Guan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Pei-Wen Hu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Jiaming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Bentian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Qian Zhao
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - David M Sabatini
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryPragueCzech Republic
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Meng C Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
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41
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Brings S, Mier W, Beijer B, Kliemank E, Herzig S, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Fleming T. Non-cross-linking advanced glycation end products affect prohormone processing. Biochem J 2024; 481:33-44. [PMID: 38112318 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of amino acids and are associated with diabetic complications. One proposed pathomechanism is the impaired processing of AGE-modified proteins or peptides including prohormones. Two approaches were applied to investigate whether substrate modification with AGEs affects the processing of substrates like prohormones to the active hormones. First, we employed solid-phase peptide synthesis to generate unmodified as well as AGE-modified protease substrates. Activity of proteases towards these substrates was quantified. Second, we tested the effect of AGE-modified proinsulin on the processing to insulin. Proteases showed the expected activity towards the unmodified peptide substrates containing arginine or lysine at the C-terminal cleavage site. Indeed, modification with Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) or methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) affected all proteases tested. Cysteine cathepsins displayed a reduction in activity by ∼50% towards CML and MG-H1 modified substrates. The specific proteases trypsin, proprotein convertases subtilisin-kexins (PCSKs) type proteases, and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) were completely inactive towards modified substrates. Proinsulin incubation with methylglyoxal at physiological concentrations for 24 h resulted in the formation of MG-modified proinsulin. The formation of insulin was reduced by up to 80% in a concentration-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of substrate-AGE modifications on proteases. The finding that PCSKs and CPE, which are essential for prohormone processing, are inactive towards modified substrates could point to a yet unrecognized pathomechanism resulting from AGE modification relevant for the etiopathogenesis of diabetes and the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brings
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbro Beijer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Angelakopoulos R, Tsipourlianos A, Giannoulis T, Mamuris Z, Moutou KA. MassArray Genotyping as a Selection Tool for Extending the Shelf-Life of Fresh Gilthead Sea Bream and European Seabass. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:205. [PMID: 38254374 PMCID: PMC10812826 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern aquaculture, genomics-driven breeding programs have emerged as powerful tools for optimizing fish quality. This study focused on two emblematic Mediterranean fish species, the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), with a primary aim of exploring the genetic basis of white muscle/fillet degradation in fresh fish following harvest. We identified 57 and 44 missense SNPs in gilthead sea bream and European seabass, respectively, located within genes encoding for endogenous proteases responsible for fillet quality. These SNPs were cherry-picked based on their strategic location within the catalytic/regulatory domains of endogenous proteases that are expressed in the white muscle. Using MassArray technology, we successfully associated differentiated enzymatic activity of those endogenous proteases post-harvest as a phenotypic trait with genetic polymorphism of six SNPs in gilthead sea bream and nine in European seabass. These findings can be valuable attributes in selective breeding programs toward the extension of freshness and shelf life of these species. The integration of MassArray technology into breeding programs offers a cost-effective strategy for harnessing the potential of these genetic variants to enhance the overall quality of the final product. Recognizing that fresh fish perishability is a challenge, extending shelf-life is pivotal in reducing losses and production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Angelakopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (R.A.); (A.T.); (Z.M.)
| | - Andreas Tsipourlianos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (R.A.); (A.T.); (Z.M.)
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Greece Gaiopolis, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (R.A.); (A.T.); (Z.M.)
| | - Katerina A. Moutou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (R.A.); (A.T.); (Z.M.)
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Ulrich A, Wu Y, Draisma H, Wharton J, Swietlik EM, Cebola I, Vasilaki E, Balkhiyarova Z, Jarvelin MR, Auvinen J, Herzig KH, Coghlan JG, Lordan J, Church C, Howard LS, Pepke-Zaba J, Toshner M, Wort SJ, Kiely DG, Condliffe R, Lawrie A, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ. Blood DNA methylation profiling identifies cathepsin Z dysregulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2024; 15:330. [PMID: 38184627 PMCID: PMC10771427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling causing premature death from right heart failure. Established DNA variants influence PAH risk, but susceptibility from epigenetic changes is unknown. We addressed this through epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), testing 865,848 CpG sites for association with PAH in 429 individuals with PAH and 1226 controls. Three loci, at Cathepsin Z (CTSZ, cg04917472), Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex 6 (COG6, cg27396197), and Zinc Finger Protein 678 (ZNF678, cg03144189), reached epigenome-wide significance (p < 10-7) and are hypermethylated in PAH, including in individuals with PAH at 1-year follow-up. Of 16 established PAH genes, only cg10976975 in BMP10 shows hypermethylation in PAH. Hypermethylation at CTSZ is associated with decreased blood cathepsin Z mRNA levels. Knockdown of CTSZ expression in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells increases caspase-3/7 activity (p < 10-4). DNA methylation profiles are altered in PAH, exemplified by the pulmonary endothelial function modifier CTSZ, encoding protease cathepsin Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulrich
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harmen Draisma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Toshner
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National PH Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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Li H, Zhao Q, Liu D, Zhou B, Liao F, Chen L. Cathepsin B aggravates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by modulating vascular smooth muscle cell pyroptosis through NF-κB / NLRP3 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294514. [PMID: 38165884 PMCID: PMC10760722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving cell death and inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered pro-inflammatory programmed cell death process, exacerbates inflammatory responses. However, the roles of cathepsin B (CTSB) in pyroptosis and AS remain unclear. To gain further insight, we fed ApoE-/- mice a high-fat diet to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CTSB overexpression and silencing on AS. We also explored the specific role of CTSB in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. The study revealed that high-fat diet led to the formation of AS plaques, and CTSB was found to increase the AS plaque lesion area. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL/caspase-1 staining revealed the existence of pyroptosis in atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in VSMCs. In vitro studies, including Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, detection of protein indicators of pyroptosis, and detection of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in cell culture medium, demonstrated that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced VSMC pyroptosis. Additionally, CTSB promoted VSMC pyroptosis. Ox-LDL increased the expression of CTSB, which in turn activated the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and promoted NLRP3 expression by facilitating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation. This effect could be attenuated by the NF-κB inhibitor SN50. Our research found that CTSB not only promotes VSMC pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, but also increases the expression of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Quanwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Danan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fujun Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Saha A, Pushpa, Moitra S, Basak D, Brahma S, Mondal D, Molla SH, Samadder A, Nandi S. Targeting Cysteine Proteases and their Inhibitors to Combat Trypanosomiasis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2135-2169. [PMID: 37340748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230619160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the Trypanosoma genus, remains a significant health burden in several regions of the world. Cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma parasites and have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. INTRODUCTION This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cysteine proteases in trypanosomiasis and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the biological significance of cysteine proteases in Trypanosoma parasites and their involvement in essential processes, such as host immune evasion, cell invasion, and nutrient acquisition. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and research articles on the role of cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in trypanosomiasis. The selected studies were critically analyzed to extract key findings and provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. RESULTS Cysteine proteases, such as cruzipain, TbCatB and TbCatL, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets due to their essential roles in Trypanosoma pathogenesis. Several small molecule inhibitors and peptidomimetics have been developed to target these proteases and have shown promising activity in preclinical studies. CONCLUSION Targeting cysteine proteases and their inhibitors holds great potential for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs against trypanosomiasis. The identification of potent and selective cysteine protease inhibitors could significantly contribute to the combat against trypanosomiasis and improve the prospects for the treatment of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Saha
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Pushpa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Susmita Moitra
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Deblina Basak
- Endocrinology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sayandeep Brahma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Dipu Mondal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sabir Hossen Molla
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
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Lundin B, Comby AC, Berezovska O, Maesako M. Negative Regulation of Cathepsins by β-Amyloid. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0258-23.2023. [PMID: 38199815 PMCID: PMC10849021 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0258-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association study (GWAS) uncovered Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk genes linked to the endo-lysosomal pathway. This pathway seems to be the gateway of protein aggregates, such as tau and α-synuclein, to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we and others reported that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) C99 is predominantly processed by γ-secretase in the endo-lysosomal compartments, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are enriched in the same subcellular loci. While the role(s) of APP/Aβ in the endo-lysosomal pathway has not been fully established, a recent study reported that Aβ, in particular Aβ42, inhibits cathepsin D (CTSD) activity. Here, we show using a cell-free in vitro assay that Aβ42 also blocks cathepsin B (CTSB) activity. Furthermore, we uncovered that the autocatalytic processing (i.e., conversion of single chain to heavy/light chains) of CTSB and CTSD is accelerated in APP-deficient cells compared with wild-type controls. Taken together, our findings further support the negative regulation of cathepsins by Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Lundin
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, Massachusetts
| | - Anne-Claire Comby
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, Massachusetts
| | - Oksana Berezovska
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, Massachusetts
| | - Masato Maesako
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, Massachusetts
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Ezz MA, Takahashi M, Rivera RM, Balboula AZ. Cathepsin L regulates oocyte meiosis and preimplantation embryo development. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13526. [PMID: 37417221 PMCID: PMC10771118 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic loss, caused by reduced embryo developmental competence, is the major cause of subfertility in humans and animals. This embryo developmental competence is determined during oocyte maturation and the first embryo divisions. Therefore, it is essential to identify the underlying molecules regulating these critical developmental stages. Cathepsin L (CTSL), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is involved in regulating cell cycle progression, proliferation and invasion of different cell types. However, CTSL role in mammalian embryo development is unknown. Using bovine in vitro maturation and culture systems, we show that CTSL is a key regulator for embryo developmental competence. We employed a specific CTSL detection assay in live cells to show that CTSL activity correlates with meiotic progression and early embryo development. Inhibiting CTSL activity during oocyte maturation or early embryo development significantly impaired oocyte and embryo developmental competence as evidenced by lower cleavage, blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates. Moreover, enhancing CTSL activity, using recombinant CTSL (rCTSL), during oocyte maturation or early embryo development significantly improved oocyte and embryo developmental competence. Importantly, rCTSL supplementation during oocyte maturation and early embryo development significantly improved the developmental competence of heat-shocked oocytes/embryos which are notoriously known for reduced quality. Altogether, these results provide novel evidence that CTSL plays a pivotal role in regulating oocyte meiosis and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aboul Ezz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt
- Division of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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48
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Arnhold J. Inflammation-Associated Cytotoxic Agents in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38201509 PMCID: PMC10778456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory processes are related to all stages of tumorigenesis. As inflammation is closely associated with the activation and release of different cytotoxic agents, the interplay between cytotoxic agents and antagonizing principles is highlighted in this review to address the question of how tumor cells overcome the enhanced values of cytotoxic agents in tumors. In tumor cells, the enhanced formation of mitochondrial-derived reactive species and elevated values of iron ions and free heme are antagonized by an overexpression of enzymes and proteins, contributing to the antioxidative defense and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Through these mechanisms, tumor cells can even survive additional stress caused by radio- and chemotherapy. Through the secretion of active agents from tumor cells, immune cells are suppressed in the tumor microenvironment and an enhanced formation of extracellular matrix components is induced. Different oxidant- and protease-based cytotoxic agents are involved in tumor-mediated immunosuppression, tumor growth, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. Considering the special metabolic conditions in tumors, the main focus here was directed on the disturbed balance between the cytotoxic agents and protective mechanisms in late-stage tumors. This knowledge is mandatory for the implementation of novel anti-cancerous therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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49
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Choi JW, Lim S, Jung SE, Jeong S, Moon H, Song BW, Kim IK, Lee S, Hwang KC, Kim SW. Enhanced Osteocyte Differentiation: Cathepsin D and L Secretion by Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2852. [PMID: 38132172 PMCID: PMC10742070 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, and neural cells and promote tissue regeneration and healing. It is known that they can have variable responses to hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we aimed to explore diverse changes in the cells and secretome of ASCs under a hypoxic environment over time and to present the possibility of ASCs as therapeutic agents from a different perspective. The expression differences of proteins between normoxic and hypoxic conditions (6, 12, or 24 h) were specifically investigated in human ASCs using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and secreted proteins in ASC-derived conditioned media (ASC-derived CM) were examined by an adipokine array. In addition, genetic and/or proteomic interactions were assessed using a DAVID and miRNet functional annotation bioinformatics analysis. We found that 64 and 5 proteins were differentially expressed in hypoxic ASCs and in hypoxic ASC-derived CM, respectively. Moreover, 7 proteins among the 64 markedly changed spots in hypoxic ASCs were associated with bone-related diseases. We found that two proteins, cathepsin D (CTSD) and cathepsin L (CTSL), identified through an adipokine array independently exhibited significant efficacy in promoting osteocyte differentiation in bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This finding introduces a promising avenue for utilizing hypoxia-preconditioned ASC-derived CM as a potential therapeutic approach for bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (I.-K.K.); (S.L.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Seung Eun Jung
- Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Seongtae Jeong
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (I.-K.K.); (S.L.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (I.-K.K.); (S.L.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (I.-K.K.); (S.L.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (I.-K.K.); (S.L.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (I.-K.K.); (S.L.); (K.-C.H.)
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50
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Daniels MJD, Lefevre L, Szymkowiak S, Drake A, McCulloch L, Tzioras M, Barrington J, Dando OR, He X, Mohammad M, Sasaguri H, Saito T, Saido TC, Spires-Jones TL, McColl BW. Cystatin F ( Cst7) drives sex-dependent changes in microglia in an amyloid-driven model of Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2023; 12:e85279. [PMID: 38085657 PMCID: PMC10715728 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial endolysosomal (dys)function is strongly implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Transcriptomic studies show that a microglial state characterised by a set of genes involved in endolysosomal function is induced in both mouse Alzheimer's disease (AD) models and human AD brain, and that the emergence of this state is emphasised in females. Cst7 (encoding cystatin F) is among the most highly upregulated genes in these microglia. However, despite such striking and robust upregulation, the function of Cst7 in neurodegenerative disease is not understood. Here, we crossed Cst7-/- mice with the AppNL-G-F mouse to test the role of Cst7 in a model of amyloid-driven AD. Surprisingly, we found that Cst7 plays a sexually dimorphic role regulating microglia in this model. In females, Cst7-/-AppNL-G-F microglia had greater endolysosomal gene expression, lysosomal burden, and amyloid beta (Aβ) burden in vivo and were more phagocytic in vitro. However, in males, Cst7-/-AppNL-G-F microglia were less inflammatory and had a reduction in lysosomal burden but had no change in Aβ burden. Overall, our study reveals functional roles for one of the most commonly upregulated genes in microglia across disease models, and the sex-specific profiles of Cst7-/--altered microglial disease phenotypes. More broadly, the findings raise important implications for AD including crucial questions on sexual dimorphism in neurodegenerative disease and the interplay between endolysosomal and inflammatory pathways in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael JD Daniels
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice Drake
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura McCulloch
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Makis Tzioras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack Barrington
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Owen R Dando
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Xin He
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Mehreen Mohammad
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWakoJapan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWakoJapan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWakoJapan
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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