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Freire FBS, Morais EG, Daloso DM. Toward the apoplast metabolome: Establishing a leaf apoplast collection approach suitable for metabolomics analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109080. [PMID: 39232365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The leaf apoplast contains several compounds that play important roles in the regulation of different physiological processes in plants. However, this compartment has been neglected in several experimental and modelling studies, which is mostly associated to the difficulty to collect apoplast washing fluid (AWF) in sufficient amount for metabolomics analysis and as free as possible from symplastic contamination. Here, we established an approach based in an infiltration-centrifugation technique that use little leaf material but allows sufficient AWF collection for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis in both tobacco and Arabidopsis. Up to 54 metabolites were annotated in leaf and apoplast samples from both species using either 20% (v/v) methanol (20% MeOH) or distilled deionized water (ddH2O) as infiltration fluids. The use of 20% MeOH increased the yield of the AWF collected but also the level of symplastic contamination, especially in Arabidopsis. We propose a correction factor and recommend the use of multiple markers such as MDH activity, protein content and conductivity measurements to verify the level of symplastic contamination in MeOH-based protocols. Neither the concentration of sugars nor the level of primary metabolites differed between apoplast samples extracted with ddH2O or 20% MeOH. This indicates that ddH2O can be preferentially used, given that it is a non-toxic and highly accessible infiltration fluid. The infiltration-centrifugation-based approach established here uses little leaf material and ddH2O as infiltration fluid, being suitable for GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis in tobacco and Arabidopsis, with great possibility to be extended for other plant species and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bruno S Freire
- LabPlant, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Eva G Morais
- LabPlant, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
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2
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Kopecká R, Černý M. Xylem Sap Proteome Analysis Provides Insight into Root-Shoot Communication in Response to flg22. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1983. [PMID: 39065510 PMCID: PMC11281318 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Xylem sap proteomics provides crucial insights into plant defense and root-to-shoot communication. This study highlights the sensitivity and reproducibility of xylem sap proteome analyses, using a single plant per sample to track over 3000 proteins in two model crop plants, Solanum tuberosum and Hordeum vulgare. By analyzing the flg22 response, we identified immune response components not detectable through root or shoot analyses. Notably, we discovered previously unknown elements of the plant immune system, including calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases and G-type lectin receptor kinases. Despite similarities in the metabolic pathways identified in the xylem sap of both plants, the flg22 response differed significantly: S. tuberosum exhibited 78 differentially abundant proteins, whereas H. vulgare had over 450. However, an evolutionarily conserved overlap in the flg22 response proteins was evident, particularly in the CAZymes and lipid metabolism pathways, where lipid transfer proteins and lipases showed a similar response to flg22. Additionally, many proteins without conserved signal sequences for extracellular targeting were found, such as members of the HSP70 family. Interestingly, the HSP70 response to flg22 was specific to the xylem sap proteome, suggesting a unique regulatory role in the extracellular space similar to that reported in mammalians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Tan F. Effects of uptake pathways on the accumulation, translocation, and metabolism of OPEs in rice: An emphasis on foliar uptake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170562. [PMID: 38307293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The often-overlooked importance of foliar absorption on the plant uptake of organic pollutants was investigated by an exposure chamber test. Rice seedlings were exposed to organophosphate esters (OPEs) through 8 scenarios arranged from 3 major uptake pathways: root uptake via solution, foliar uptake via gas, and foliar uptake via particles, to identify the contributions of these 3 uptake pathways and their influences on the translocation and metabolism of OPEs in rice. The concentration of OPEs in rice tissues showed an "additive effect" with the increase of exposure pathways. OPEs in rice shoots mainly originated from foliar uptake through particle (29.6 %-63.5 %) and gaseous (28.5 %-49.4 %) absorptions rather than root uptake (7.86 %-24.2 %) under the exposure condition. In comparison with stomal absorption, wax layer penetration was the main pathway for most OPEs to enter into leaves, especially for those compounds with high octanol-air partition coefficients. Although the subcellular distributions of OPEs in the rice tissues of the foliar exposure were slightly different from those of the root exposure, hydrophobic OPEs were mainly stored in the cell wall with hydrophilic OPEs mainly in the cytosol. The translocation of OPEs from the exposed tissue to the unexposed tissue were significantly negatively correlated with their octanol-water partition coefficients, but their basipetal translocation were limited. The result suggested that the translocation of OPEs within rice is prioritized over their degradation. This study deepens our understanding of the processes behind OPE uptake by rice and highlights the importance of foliar uptake, especially for those via particle absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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4
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Shen S, Liu Y, Xia Y, Xia H, Xie Z, Xu Y. Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for natural delivery across physiological barriers. Food Funct 2024; 15:1737-1757. [PMID: 38284549 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale luminal vesicles that participate in the information transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids between cells, thereby playing a role in the treatment of diseases and the delivery of nutrients. In recent years, plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) containing bioactive compounds have attracted increasing interest due to their better biocompatibility and lower cytotoxicity in healthy tissues. In the biomedical field, PDEVs have been used as cargo carriers to achieve various functions through engineering modification techniques. This review focuses on the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of PDEVs. We discuss the surface functionalization of PDEVs to enhance therapeutic efficacy, thereby improving their efficiency as a next-generation drug delivery vehicle and their feasibility to treat diseases across the physiological barriers, while critically analyzing the current challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yifang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Si Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yinyin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Hongmei Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Zili Xie
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei 230051, China
| | - Yinxiang Xu
- Zhaoke (Hefei) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230088, China
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da Silva FAR, Balbuena TS. Proteome profiling of vascular sap regarding Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2200463. [PMID: 37183274 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular system is a key element for long-distance communication. Understanding its composition may provide valuable information on how plants grow and develop themselves. In this study, a quantitative proteome dataset of the vascular sap proteome of three commercially important Eucalyptus species was shown. Protein extraction was carried out using a pressure bomb, whereas only in silico predicted extracellular proteins were considered as part of the sap proteome. A total of 132 different proteins were identified in all three Eucalyptus species and the most abundant proteome subset within all three species was comprised of proteins involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, proteolysis, components of membrane, and defense response. The sap proteome of the species E. grandis and E. urophylla revealed the highest similarities. Functional classification indicated that the sap proteome of E. grandis and E. urophylla are mostly comprised of proteins involved in defense response and proteolysis; whereas no prominent functional class was observed for the E. camaldulensis species. Quantitative comparison highlighted characteristic sap proteins in each of the Eucalyptus species. The results that could be found in this study can be used as a reference for the proteome sap analysis of Eucalyptus plants grown under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Alexsander Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Matilla AJ. The Interplay between Enucleated Sieve Elements and Companion Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3033. [PMID: 37687278 PMCID: PMC10489895 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to adapt to sessile life and terrestrial environments, vascular plants have developed highly sophisticated cells to transport photosynthetic products and developmental signals. Of these, two distinct cell types (i.e., the sieve element (SE) and companion cell) are arranged in precise positions, thus ensuring effective transport. During SE differentiation, most of the cellular components are heavily modified or even eliminated. This peculiar differentiation implies the selective disintegration of the nucleus (i.e., enucleation) and the loss of cellular translational capacity. However, some cellular components necessary for transport (e.g., plasmalemma) are retained and specific phloem proteins (P-proteins) appear. Likewise, MYB (i.e., APL) and NAC (i.e., NAC45 and NAC86) transcription factors (TFs) and OCTOPUS proteins play a notable role in SE differentiation. The maturing SEs become heavily dependent on neighboring non-conducting companion cells, to which they are connected by plasmodesmata through which only 20-70 kDa compounds seem to be able to pass. The study of sieve tube proteins still has many gaps. However, the development of a protocol to isolate proteins that are free from any contaminating proteins has constituted an important advance. This review considers the very detailed current state of knowledge of both bound and soluble sap proteins, as well as the role played by the companion cells in their presence. Phloem proteins travel long distances by combining two modes: non-selective transport via bulk flow and selective regulated movement. One of the goals of this study is to discover how the protein content of the sieve tube is controlled. The majority of questions and approaches about the heterogeneity of phloem sap will be clarified once the morphology and physiology of the plasmodesmata have been investigated in depth. Finally, the retention of specific proteins inside an SE is an aspect that should not be forgotten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 14971-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Inui H, Minic Z, Hüttmann N, Fujita K, Stoykova P, Karadžić I. Cucurbita pepo contains characteristic proteins without a signal peptide in the xylem sap. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154038. [PMID: 37413840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap is a fluid that transfers water and nutrients from the rhizosphere. This sap contains relatively low concentrations of proteins that originate from the extracellular space among the root cells. One of the characteristic proteins in the xylem sap of the Cucurbitaceae family, which includes cucumber and zucchini, is a major latex-like protein (MLP). MLPs are responsible for crop contamination through the transport of hydrophobic pollutants from the roots. However, detailed information on the content of MLPs in the xylem sap is not available. Proteomic analysis of root and xylem sap proteins from the Cucurbita pepo cultivars Patty Green (PG) and Raven (RA) showed that the xylem sap of cv. RA, a high accumulator of hydrophobic pollutants, contained four MLPs that accounted for over 85% of the total xylem sap proteins in this cultivar. The xylem sap of PG, a low accumulator, mainly contained an uncharacterized protein. The amount of each root protein between the PG and RA cultivars was significantly and positively correlated in spite of being with and without a signal peptide (SP). However, the amount of xylem sap proteins without an SP was not correlated. These results suggest that cv. RA is characterized by MLPs in the xylem sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Inui
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Zoran Minic
- University of Ottawa, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, 10 Marie-Curie, Marion Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nico Hüttmann
- University of Ottawa, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, 10 Marie-Curie, Marion Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kentaro Fujita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Petya Stoykova
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan; AgroBioInstitute, 8 "Dragan Tsankov" Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Karadžić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Broussard L, Abadie C, Lalande J, Limami AM, Lothier J, Tcherkez G. Phloem Sap Composition: What Have We Learnt from Metabolomics? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086917. [PMID: 37108078 PMCID: PMC10139104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloem sap transport is essential for plant nutrition and development since it mediates redistribution of nutrients, metabolites and signaling molecules. However, its biochemical composition is not so well-known because phloem sap sampling is difficult and does not always allow extensive chemical analysis. In the past years, efforts have been devoted to metabolomics analyses of phloem sap using either liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Phloem sap metabolomics is of importance to understand how metabolites can be exchanged between plant organs and how metabolite allocation may impact plant growth and development. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge of phloem sap metabolome and physiological information obtained therefrom. Although metabolomics analyses of phloem sap are still not numerous, they show that metabolites present in sap are not just sugars and amino acids but that many more metabolic pathways are represented. They further suggest that metabolite exchange between source and sink organs is a general phenomenon, offering opportunities for metabolic cycles at the whole-plant scale. Such cycles reflect metabolic interdependence of plant organs and shoot-root coordination of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Broussard
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Cyril Abadie
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Julie Lalande
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anis M Limami
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Zeng N, Zhu Y, Gu S, Wang D, Chen R, Feng Q, Zhan X, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Mechanistic insights into phenanthrene acropetal translocation via wheat xylem: Separation and identification of transfer proteins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155919. [PMID: 35577096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have the potential to cause cancer, teratogenicity, and mutagenesis in humans. Long-term plant safe production relies on how PAHs are transported and coordinated across organs. However, the acropetal transfer mechanism of PAHs in staple crop stems, particularly in xylem, a critical path, is unknown. Herein, we first confirmed the presence of specific interaction between the proteins and phenanthrene by employing the magnetic phenanthrene-bound bead immunoassay and label free liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), suggesting that peroxidase (uniprot accession: A0A3B5XXD0) and unidentified proteins (uniprot accession: A0A3B6LUC6) may function as the carriers to load and acropetally translocate phenanthrene (a model PAH) in wheat xylem. This specified binding of protein-phenanthrene may form through hydrophobic interactions in the conservative binding region, as revealed by protein structural investigations and molecular docking. To further investigate the role of these proteins in phenanthrene solubilization, phenanthrene exposure was conducted: a substantial quantity of peroxidase was produced; an unusually high expression of uncharacterized proteins was observed, indicating their positive effects in the acropetal transfer of phenanthrene in wheat xylem. These data confirmed that the two proteins are crucial in the solubilization of phenanthrene in wheat xylem sap. Our findings provide fresh light on the molecular mechanism of PAH loading in plant xylem and techniques for ensuring the security of staple crops and improving the efficacy of phytoremediation in a PAH-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengde Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Suodi Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongru Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurun Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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Son H, Jung YJ, Park SC, Kim IR, Park JH, Jang MK, Lee JR. Functional Characterization of an Arabidopsis Profilin Protein as a Molecular Chaperone under Heat Shock Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185771. [PMID: 36144503 PMCID: PMC9504416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins (PFNs) are actin monomer-binding proteins that function as antimicrobial agents in plant phloem sap. Although the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana profilin protein isoforms (AtPFNs) in regulating actin polymerization have already been described, their biochemical and molecular functions remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, a previous study indicated that AtPFN2 with high molecular weight (HMW) complexes showed lower antifungal activity than AtPFN1 with low molecular weight (LMW). These were bacterially expressed and purified to characterize the unknown functions of AtPFNs with different structures. In this study, we found that AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins have LMW and HMW structures, respectively, but only AtPFN2 has a potential function as a molecular chaperone, which has never been reported elsewhere. AtPFN2 has better protein stability than AtPFN1 due to its higher molecular weight under heat shock conditions. The function of AtPFN2 as a holdase chaperone predominated in the HMW complexes, whereas the chaperone function of AtPFN1 was not observed in the LMW forms. These results suggest that AtPFN2 plays a critical role in plant tolerance by increasing hydrophobicity due to external heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosuk Son
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
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11
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Butassi E, Novello MA, Lara MV. Prunus persica apoplastic proteome analysis reveals candidate proteins involved in the resistance and defense against Taphrina deformans. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 276:153780. [PMID: 35930825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Taphrina deformans is the fungus responsible for the peach leaf curl disease. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in plant resistance and response to the fungus, apoplastic differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in a resistant (DR) and/or in a susceptible genotype (FL) were identified after 12 and 96 h post inoculation (hpi) and compared to those at 0 hpi. The Prunus persica apoplastic proteome was assessed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Altogether 332 proteins were identified, and their molecular and biological functions were classified. In both genotypes, major changes occurred at 96 hpi when the fungus had achieved the filamentous form. However, at 96 hpi, DR exhibited a greater number of increased proteins than FL. DAPs were enriched in biotic stress response, with most of the proteins belonging to the pathogenesis related (PR)-type. PRs exhibited the greatest fold changes of induction in DR. While PRs acting on pathogen cell wall (PR2, PR3 and PR4) were increased in both susceptible and resistant genotypes, others were exclusively induced in DR, such as some isoforms of PR5, defensin and PR17. Proteins exclusively induced in DR upon T.deformans inoculation such as four berberine bridge enzymes, two snakins and a GDS-lipase were identified. Moreover, upon inoculation cuticle was thickened to a greater extent in DR than in FL. This work reveals the active role of the apoplast against T. deformans and not only contributes to the elucidation of responses involved in resistance to leaf curl disease but also improves the knowledge on peach defenses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Butassi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)). Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Angelina Novello
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)). Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Lara
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)). Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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12
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Zand Karimi H, Innes RW. Molecular mechanisms underlying host-induced gene silencing. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3183-3199. [PMID: 35666177 PMCID: PMC9421479 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) refers to the silencing of genes in pathogens and pests by expressing homologous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) or artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) in the host plant. The discovery of such trans-kingdom RNA silencing has enabled the development of RNA interference-based approaches for controlling diverse crop pathogens and pests. Although HIGS is a promising strategy, the mechanisms by which these regulatory RNAs translocate from plants to pathogens, and how they induce gene silencing in pathogens, are poorly understood. This lack of understanding has led to large variability in the efficacy of various HIGS treatments. This variability is likely due to multiple factors, such as the ability of the target pathogen or pest to take up and/or process RNA from the host, the specific genes and target sequences selected in the pathogen or pest for silencing, and where, when, and how the dsRNAs or amiRNAs are produced and translocated. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms underlying HIGS, identify key unanswered questions, and explore strategies for improving the efficacy and reproducibility of HIGS treatments in the control of crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zand Karimi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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13
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Kasper K, Abreu IN, Feussner K, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Ischebeck T, Janz D, Majcherczyk A, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Feussner I, Polle A. Multi-omics analysis of xylem sap uncovers dynamic modulation of poplar defenses by ammonium and nitrate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:282-303. [PMID: 35535561 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap is the major transport route for nutrients from roots to shoots. In the present study, we investigated how variations in nitrogen (N) nutrition affected the metabolome and proteome of xylem sap and the growth of the xylem endophyte Brennaria salicis, and we also report transcriptional re-wiring of leaf defenses in poplar (Populus × canescens). We supplied poplars with high, intermediate or low concentrations of ammonium or nitrate. We identified 288 unique proteins in xylem sap. Approximately 85% of the xylem sap proteins were shared among ammonium- and nitrate-supplied plants. The number of proteins increased with increasing N supply but the major functional categories (catabolic processes, cell wall-related enzymes, defense) were unaffected. Ammonium nutrition caused higher abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates, whereas nitrate caused higher malate levels in xylem sap. Pipecolic acid and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid increased, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine decreased, with increasing N nutrition. Untargeted metabolome analyses revealed 2179 features in xylem sap, of which 863 were differentially affected by N treatments. We identified 124 metabolites, mainly from specialized metabolism of the groups of salicinoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and benzoates. Their abundances increased with decreasing N, except coumarins. Brennaria salicis growth was reduced in nutrient-supplemented xylem sap of low- and high- NO3- -fed plants compared to that of NH4+ -fed plants. The drastic changes in xylem sap composition caused massive changes in the transcriptional landscape of leaves and recruited defenses related to systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance. Our study uncovers unexpected complexity and variability of xylem composition with consequences for plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Abstract
Proteins are intimately involved in executing and controlling virtually all cellular processes. To understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie plant phenotypes, it is essential to investigate protein expression, interactions, and modifications, to name a few. The proteome is highly dynamic in time and space, and a plethora of protein modifications, protein interactions, and network constellations are at play under specific conditions and developmental stages. Analysis of proteomes aims to characterize the entire protein complement of a particular cell type, tissue, or organism-a challenging task, given the dynamic nature of the proteome. Modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology can be used to address this complexity at a system-wide scale by the global identification and quantification of thousands of proteins. In this review, we present current methods and technologies employed in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and provide examples of dynamic changes in the plant proteome elucidated by proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mergner
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at Klinikum rechts der Isar (BayBioMS@MRI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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15
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Analysis of Metabolomic Changes in Xylem and Phloem Sap of Cucumber under Phosphorus Stresses. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040361. [PMID: 35448549 PMCID: PMC9032085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber xylem and phloem sap is a key link in nutrient distribution, transportation and signal transduction of cucumber plants; however, the metabolic response mechanism of cucumber xylem and phloem sap under phosphorus stress has not been clearly revealed. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to analyze the metabolites in cucumber xylem and phloem sap under different phosphorus stress. A total of 22 differential metabolites were screened from xylem and phloem sap, respectively. Through the analysis of metabolic pathways of differential metabolites, four and three key metabolic pathways were screened, respectively. The results showed that compared with the normal phosphorus level, the content of most amino acids in the key metabolic pathway increased in xylem but decreased in phloem both under low and high phosphorus stress levels. The contents of sucrose and glucose in phloem glycolysis pathway showed a positive correlation with the change of phosphorus nutrient levels. The tricarboxylic acid cycle was promoted in xylem and phloem of cucumber under low and high phosphorus nutrient levels, and the contents of malic acid and citric acid increased significantly. This study provided abundant biochemical information for the metabolic response and regulation strategies of cucumber xylem and phloem under phosphorus stress, and is committed to looking for more sensitive markers to evaluate the supply level of phosphorus nutrients in cucumber.
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16
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Sancho AI, Birk T, Gregersen JM, Rønne T, Hornslet SE, Madsen AM, Bøgh KL. Microbial safety and protein composition of birch sap. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Calderón-Pérez B, Ramírez-Pool JA, Núñez-Muñoz LA, Vargas-Hernández BY, Camacho-Romero A, Lara-Villamar M, Jiménez-López D, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Ruiz-Medrano R. Engineering Macromolecular Trafficking Into the Citrus Vasculature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818046. [PMID: 35178061 PMCID: PMC8844563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant vasculature is a central organ for long-distance transport of nutrients and signaling molecules that coordinate vegetative and reproductive processes, and adaptation response mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stress. In angiosperms, the sieve elements are devoid of nuclei, thus depending on the companion cells for the synthesis of RNA and proteins, which constitute some of the systemic signals that coordinate these processes. Massive analysis approaches have identified proteins and RNAs that could function as long-range signals in the phloem translocation stream. The selective translocation of such molecules could occur as ribonucleoprotein complexes. A key molecule facilitating this movement in Cucurbitaceae is the phloem protein CmPP16, which can facilitate the movement of RNA and other proteins into the sieve tube. The CmPP16 ortholog in Citrus CsPP16 was characterized in silico to determine its potential capacity to associate with other mobile proteins and its enrichment in the vascular tissue. The systemic nature of CsPP16 was approached by evaluating its capacity to provide phloem-mobile properties to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), important in the innate immune defense. The engineering of macromolecular trafficking in the vasculature demonstrated the capacity to mobilize translationally fused peptides into the phloem stream for long-distance transport. The translocation into the phloem of AMPs could mitigate the growth of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, with important implications for crop defense; this system also opens the possibility of translocating other molecules to modulate traits, such as plant growth, defense, and plant productivity.
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18
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Zhang Q, Yao Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheng Z, Li Y, Yang X, Wang L, Sun H. Plant accumulation and transformation of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117742. [PMID: 34329057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants can take up and transform brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) from soil, water and the atmosphere, which is of considerable significance to the geochemical cycle of BFRs and OPFRs and their human exposure. However, the current understanding of the plant uptake, translocation, accumulation, and metabolism of BFRs and OPFRs in the environment remains very limited. In this review, recent studies on the accumulation and transformation of BFRs and OPFRs in plants are summarized, the main factors affecting plant accumulation from the aspects of root uptake, foliar uptake, and plant translocation are presented, and the metabolites and metabolic pathways of BFRs and OPFRs in plants are analyzed. It was found that BFRs and OPFRs can be taken up by plants through partitioning to root lipids, as well as through gaseous and particle-bound deposition to the leaves. Their microscopic distribution in roots and leaves is important for understanding their accumulation behaviors. BFRs and OPFRs can be translocated in the xylem and phloem, but the specific transport pathways and mechanisms need to be further studied. BFRs and OPFRs can undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in plants. The identification, quantification and environmental fate of their metabolites will affect the assessment of their ecological and human exposure risks. Based on the issues mentioned above, some key directions worth studying in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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van Bel AJE. The plant axis as the command centre for (re)distribution of sucrose and amino acids. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153488. [PMID: 34416599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increase in size required for optimal colonization of terrestrial niches, channels for bidirectional bulk transport of materials in land plants evolved during a period of about 100 million years. These transport systems are essentially still in operation - though perfected over the following 400 million years - and make use of hydrostatic differentials. Substances are accumulated or released at the loading and unloading ends, respectively, of the transport channels. The intermediate stretch between the channel termini is bifunctional and executes orchestrated release and retrieval of solutes. Analyses of anatomical and physiological data demonstrate that the release/retrieval zone extends deeper into sources and sinks than is commonly thought and covers usually much more than 99% of the translocation stretch. This review sketches the significance of events in the intermediate stretch for distribution of organic materials over the plant body. Net leakage from the channels does not only serve maintenance and growth of tissues along the pathway, but also diurnal, short-term or seasonal storage of reserve materials, and balanced distribution of organic C- and N-compounds over axial and terminal sinks. Release and retrieval are controlled by plasma-membrane transporters at the vessel/parenchyma interface in the contact pits along xylem vessels and by plasma-membrane transporters at the interface between companion cells and phloem parenchyma along sieve tubes. The xylem-to-phloem pathway vice versa is a bifacial, radially oriented system comprising a symplasmic pathway, of which entrance and exit are controlled at specific membrane checkpoints, and a parallel apoplasmic pathway. A broad range of specific sucrose and amino-acid transporters are deployed at the checkpoint plasma membranes. SUCs, SUTs, STPs, SWEETs, and AAPs, LTHs, CATs are localized to the plasma membranes in question, both in monocots and eudicots. Presence of Umamits in monocots is uncertain. There is some evidence for endo- and exocytosis at the vessel/parenchyma interface supplementary to the transporter-mediated uptake and release. Actions of transporters at the checkpoints are equally decisive for storage and distribution of amino acids and sucrose in monocots and eudicots, but storage and distribution patterns may differ between both taxa. While the majority of reserves is sequestered in vascular parenchyma cells in dicots, lack of space in monocot vasculature urges "outsourcing" of storage in ground parenchyma around the translocation path. In perennial dicots, specialized radial pathways (rays) include the sites for seasonal alternation of storage and mobilization. In dicots, apoplasmic phloem loading and a correlated low rate of release along the path would favour supply with photoassimilates of terminal sinks, while symplasmic phloem loading and a correlated higher rate of release along the path favours supply of axial sinks and transfer to the xylem. The balance between the resource acquisition by terminal and axial sinks is an important determinant of relative growth rate and, hence, for the fitness of plants in various habitats. Body enlargement as the evolutionary drive for emergence of vascular systems and mass transport propelled by hydrostatic differentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aart J E van Bel
- Institute of Phythopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
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20
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Cui J, Peuke AD, Limami AM, Tcherkez G. Why is phloem sap nitrate kept low? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2838-2843. [PMID: 34075592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andreas D Peuke
- ADP International Plant Science Consulting, Gundelfingen-Wildtal, Germany
| | - Anis M Limami
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
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21
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Voke E, Pinals RL, Goh NS, Landry MP. In Planta Nanosensors: Understanding Biocorona Formation for Functional Design. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2802-2814. [PMID: 34279907 PMCID: PMC10461777 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and population growth are straining agricultural output. To counter these changes and meet the growing demand for food and energy, the monitoring and engineering of crops are becoming increasingly necessary. Nanoparticle-based sensors have emerged in recent years as new tools to advance agricultural practices. As these nanoparticle-based sensors enter and travel through the complex biofluids within plants, biomolecules including proteins, metabolites, lipids, and carbohydrates adsorb onto the nanoparticle surfaces, forming a coating known as the "bio-corona". Understanding these nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions that govern nanosensor function in plants will be essential to successfully develop and translate nanoparticle-based sensors into broader agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Voke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca L Pinals
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Natalie S Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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22
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Gautrat P, Laffont C, Frugier F, Ruffel S. Nitrogen Systemic Signaling: From Symbiotic Nodulation to Root Acquisition. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:392-406. [PMID: 33358560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient acquisition is tightly regulated by resource availability and metabolic needs, implying the existence of communication between roots and shoots to ensure their integration at the whole-plant level. Here, we focus on systemic signaling pathways controlling nitrogen (N) nutrition, achieved both by the root import of mineral N and, in legume plants, through atmospheric N fixation by symbiotic bacteria inside dedicated root nodules. We explore features conserved between systemic pathways repressing or enhancing symbiotic N fixation and the regulation of mineral N acquisition by roots, as well as their integration with other environmental factors, such as phosphate, light, and CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gautrat
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carole Laffont
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Liu Y, Lin T, Valencia MV, Zhang C, Lv Z. Unraveling the Roles of Vascular Proteins Using Proteomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030667. [PMID: 33514014 PMCID: PMC7865979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular bundles play important roles in transporting nutrients, growth signals, amino acids, and proteins between aerial and underground tissues. In order to understand these sophisticated processes, a comprehensive analysis of the roles of the components located in the vascular tissues is required. A great deal of data has been obtained from proteomic analyses of vascular tissues in plants, which mainly aim to identify the proteins moving through the vascular tissues. Here, different aspects of the phloem and xylem proteins are reviewed, including their collection methods, and their main biological roles in growth, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The study of vascular proteomics shows great potential to contribute to our understanding of the biological mechanisms related to development and defense in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Tianbao Lin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Maria Valderrama Valencia
- Departamento Académico de Biología–Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa Nro117, Arequipa 04000, Peru;
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.L.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
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24
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Marquardt A, Henry RJ, Botha FC. Effect of sugar feedback regulation on major genes and proteins of photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:321-333. [PMID: 33250321 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) relies upon sucrose production in leaves and movement to sinks. The feedback regulatory effect of sugar upon photosynthesis balances this process involving Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and Rubisco where greater understanding in this area may allow manipulation to achieve higher yields. Accumulation of sucrose in leaves and decreased photosynthesis are early symptoms of the condition called yellow canopy syndrome (YCS) in sugarcane, which presents as a system in which to study sucrose feedback regulation. This work investigates changes in gene expression and protein abundance which coincide with the sugar accumulation in the leaves of YCS symptomatic sugarcane. During the early-stage of sugar accumulation, the levels of the Photosystem II core protein D1, and PsbQ of the oxygen-evolving complex decreased significantly. Transcript levels of these proteins also decreased, suggesting both nuclear and chloroplast gene expression were affected early in sugar build-up of YCS development. Transcript level of primary carbon fixation reactions enzyme NADP malate dehydrogenase was especially downregulated. However, PEPCase, decarboxylation and re-fixation (Rubisco) enzymes were not negatively regulated at the transcript or protein abundance level. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was upregulated in both gene expression and protein abundance. The Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath was sensitive through the CP12 protein. Two isoforms of CP12 were found, one of which showed downregulation which coincided with a decrease in CP12 protein. This suggests transcript and protein decrease of PEPCase and Rubisco may be secondary regulation points of the sugar feedback regulation process upon photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Marquardt
- Sugar Research Australia, PO Box 68, Indooroopilly, Qld, 4068, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia.
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Frederik C Botha
- Sugar Research Australia, PO Box 68, Indooroopilly, Qld, 4068, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
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Baslam M, Mitsui T, Sueyoshi K, Ohyama T. Recent Advances in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in C3 Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E318. [PMID: 33396811 PMCID: PMC7795015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C and N are the most important essential elements constituting organic compounds in plants. The shoots and roots depend on each other by exchanging C and N through the xylem and phloem transport systems. Complex mechanisms regulate C and N metabolism to optimize plant growth, agricultural crop production, and maintenance of the agroecosystem. In this paper, we cover the recent advances in understanding C and N metabolism, regulation, and transport in plants, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of starch metabolism in plastids and the changes in responses to environmental stress that were previously overlooked, since these changes provide an essential store of C that fuels plant metabolism and growth. We present general insights into the system biology approaches that have expanded our understanding of core biological questions related to C and N metabolism. Finally, this review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the trade-off concept that links C and N status to the plant's response to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Ceballos-Laita L, Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Takahashi D, Lonsdale A, Abadía A, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Uemura M, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Excess Manganese on the Xylem Sap Protein Profile of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) as Revealed by Shotgun Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8863. [PMID: 33238539 PMCID: PMC7700171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal toxicity is a common problem in crop species worldwide. Some metals are naturally toxic, whereas others such as manganese (Mn) are essential micro-nutrients for plant growth but can become toxic when in excess. Changes in the composition of the xylem sap, which is the main pathway for ion transport within the plant, is therefore vital to understanding the plant's response(s) to metal toxicity. In this study we have assessed the effects of exposure of tomato roots to excess Mn on the protein profile of the xylem sap, using a shotgun proteomics approach. Plants were grown in nutrient solution using 4.6 and 300 µM MnCl2 as control and excess Mn treatments, respectively. This approach yielded 668 proteins reliably identified and quantified. Excess Mn caused statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05) and biologically relevant changes in relative abundance (≥2-fold increases or ≥50% decreases) in 322 proteins, with 82% of them predicted to be secretory using three different prediction tools, with more decreasing than increasing (181 and 82, respectively), suggesting that this metal stress causes an overall deactivation of metabolic pathways. Processes most affected by excess Mn were in the oxido-reductase, polysaccharide and protein metabolism classes. Excess Mn induced changes in hydrolases and peroxidases involved in cell wall degradation and lignin formation, respectively, consistent with the existence of alterations in the cell wall. Protein turnover was also affected, as indicated by the decrease in proteolytic enzymes and protein synthesis-related proteins. Excess Mn modified the redox environment of the xylem sap, with changes in the abundance of oxido-reductase and defense protein classes indicating a stress scenario. Finally, results indicate that excess Mn decreased the amounts of proteins associated with several signaling pathways, including fasciclin-like arabinogalactan-proteins and lipids, as well as proteases, which may be involved in the release of signaling peptides and protein maturation. The comparison of the proteins changing in abundance in xylem sap and roots indicate the existence of tissue-specific and systemic responses to excess Mn. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (D.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Andrew Lonsdale
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (M.S.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (M.S.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (D.T.); (M.U.)
- Department of Plant-bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Ana Flor López-Millán
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
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Greenfield LM, Hill PW, Paterson E, Baggs EM, Jones DL. Do plants use root-derived proteases to promote the uptake of soil organic nitrogen? PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 456:355-367. [PMID: 33087989 PMCID: PMC7567722 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The capacity of plant roots to directly acquire organic nitrogen (N) in the form of oligopeptides and amino acids from soil is well established. However, plants have poor access to protein, the central reservoir of soil organic N. Our question is: do plants actively secrete proteases to enhance the breakdown of soil protein or are they functionally reliant on soil microorganisms to undertake this role? METHODS Growing maize and wheat under sterile hydroponic conditions with and without inorganic N, we measured protease activity on the root surface (root-bound proteases) or exogenously in the solution (free proteases). We compared root protease activities to the rhizosphere microbial community to estimate the ecological significance of root-derived proteases. RESULTS We found little evidence for the secretion of free proteases, with almost all protease activity associated with the root surface. Root protease activity was not stimulated under N deficiency. Our findings suggest that cereal roots contribute one-fifth of rhizosphere protease activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that plant N uptake is only functionally significant when soil protein is in direct contact with root surfaces. The lack of protease upregulation under N deficiency suggests that root protease activity is unrelated to enhanced soil N capture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W. Hill
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW UK
| | - Eric Paterson
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Baggs
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Davey L. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW UK
- SoilsWest, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
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Ogden AJ, Bhatt JJ, Brewer HM, Kintigh J, Kariuki SM, Rudrabhatla S, Adkins JN, Curtis WR. Phloem Exudate Protein Profiles during Drought and Recovery Reveal Abiotic Stress Responses in Tomato Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4461. [PMID: 32586033 PMCID: PMC7352395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is the leading cause of agricultural yield loss among all abiotic stresses, and the link between water deficit and phloem protein contents is relatively unexplored. Here we collected phloem exudates from Solanum lycopersicum leaves during periods of drought stress and recovery. Our analysis identified 2558 proteins, the most abundant of which were previously localized to the phloem. Independent of drought, enrichment analysis of the total phloem exudate protein profiles from all samples suggests that the protein content of phloem sap is complex, and includes proteins that function in chaperone systems, branched-chain amino acid synthesis, trehalose metabolism, and RNA silencing. We observed 169 proteins whose abundance changed significantly within the phloem sap, either during drought or recovery. Proteins that became significantly more abundant during drought include members of lipid metabolism, chaperone-mediated protein folding, carboxylic acid metabolism, abscisic acid signaling, cytokinin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Conversely, proteins involved in lipid signaling, sphingolipid metabolism, cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase are decreased during drought. Our experiment has achieved an in-depth profiling of phloem sap protein contents during drought stress and recovery that supports previous findings and provides new evidence that multiple biological processes are involved in drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Ogden
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99301, USA; (A.J.O.); (H.M.B.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Jishnu J. Bhatt
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Heather M. Brewer
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99301, USA; (A.J.O.); (H.M.B.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Jack Kintigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Samwel M. Kariuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg Campus, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, USA;
| | - Joshua N. Adkins
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99301, USA; (A.J.O.); (H.M.B.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Wayne R. Curtis
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.K.); (S.M.K.)
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29
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Lozano RP, Pérez-de la Fuente R, Barrón E, Rodrigo A, Viejo JL, Peñalver E. Phloem sap in Cretaceous ambers as abundant double emulsions preserving organic and inorganic residues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9751. [PMID: 32546844 PMCID: PMC7297994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossilized remains preserved in amber provide abundant data on the paleobiota surrounding the resin-producing plants, but relatively scarcer information about the resinous sources themselves. Here, dark pseudoinclusions in kidney-shaped amber pieces from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from Spain are studied. This type of fossilized remain, abundant in Cretaceous ambers, was first interpreted as fossilized vacuole-bearing microorganisms, but later regarded as artifactual and probably secreted by the resinous trees, although their origin remained unclear. Using complementary microscopy (light, electron, confocal), spectroscopy (infrared, micro-Raman), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis techniques, we demonstrate that the pseudoinclusions correspond to droplets of phloem sap containing amber spheroids and preserving both organic and inorganic residues consistent with degraded components from the original sap. The amber pieces containing pseudoinclusions are fossilized, resin-in-sap-in-resin double emulsions, showing banding patterns with differential content of resin-in-sap emulsion droplets. Our findings represent the first time fossilized phloem sap, 105 million years old, has been recognized and characterized, and open new lines of paleontological research with taxonomic, taphonomic, physiological and ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pablo Lozano
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
| | | | - Eduardo Barrón
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - Ana Rodrigo
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - José Luis Viejo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Peñalver
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
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30
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Shen Y, Gu R, Sheng Y, Zeng N, Zhan X. Acropetal translocation of phenanthrene in wheat seedlings: Xylem or phloem pathway? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114055. [PMID: 32004968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the potential toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to humans, the uptake and translocation of PAHs in food crops have gained much attention. However, it is still unclear whether phloem participates in the acropetal translocation of PAHs in plants. Herein, the evidence for acropetal translocation of phenanthrene (a model PAH) via phloem is firstly tested. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) new leaves contain significantly higher phenanthrene concentration than old leaves (P < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect on phenanthrene translocation is stronger in old leaves after abscisic acid and polyvinyl alcohol (two common transpiration inhibitors) application. Phenanthrene concentration in xylem sap is slightly higher than in phloem sap. Ring-girdling treatment can significantly reduce phenanthrene concentration in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) leaves. Two-photon fluorescence microscope images indicate a xylem-to-phloem and acropetal phloem translocation of phenanthrene in castor bean stem. Therefore, phloem is involved in the acropetal translocation of phenanthrene in wheat seedlings, especially when the xylem is not mature enough in scattered vascular bundle plants. Our results provide a deeper understanding of PAH translocation in plants, which have significant implications for food safety and phytoremediation enhancement of PAH-contaminated soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Ruocheng Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Yu Sheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Nengde Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China.
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31
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Zhang P, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Fu H, White JC, Lynch I. Nanomaterial Transformation in the Soil-Plant System: Implications for Food Safety and Application in Agriculture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000705. [PMID: 32462786 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have huge potential for improving use efficiency of agrochemicals, crop production, and soil health; however, the behavior and fate of ENMs and the potential for negative long-term impacts to agroecosystems remain largely unknown. In particular, there is a lack of clear understanding of the transformation of ENMs in both soil and plant compartments. The transformation can be physical, chemical, and/or biological, and may occur in soil, at the plant interface, and/or inside the plant. Due to these highly dynamic processes, ENMs may acquire new properties distinct from their original profile; as such, the behavior, fate, and biological effects may also differ significantly. Several essential questions in terms of ENMs transformation are discussed, including the drivers and locations of ENM transformation in the soil-plant system and the effects of ENM transformation on analyte uptake, translocation, and toxicity. The main knowledge gaps in this area are highlighted and future research needs are outlined so as to ensure sustainable nanoenabled agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hualing Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06504, USA
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Capacity of Two Ornamental Species (Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aethiopica) to Take up, Translocate, and Accumulate Carbamazepine under Hydroponic Conditions. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aethiopica are ornamental species that have previously been used in pilot-scale treatment wetlands (TWs) focused on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), in which good results were obtained; however, the plant influence was not completely determined. In addition, plant uptake has been reported to play a crucial role in CBZ removal in comparison to other mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of I. sibirica and Z. aethiopica to take up, translocate, and accumulate CBZ in hydroponic conditions using a nutrient solution spiked with the drug. The maximum CBZ tolerance threshold for the two species was found to be 10 mg/L, which was used to carry out the uptake experiments. The results showed a better performance of I. sibirica compared to Z. aethiopica reaching 31.1% and 20.9% of removal efficiency, respectively. The parent compound accumulated mainly on the leaves of both species. Furthermore, a high proportion of the CBZ taken up by the plants (up to 70%) was metabolized by both species. The performance of the two species suggests the importance of plant harvesting in TWs in order to promote CBZ removal and indicates the need for future works.
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33
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Foyer CH, Kyndt T, Hancock RD. Vitamin C in Plants: Novel Concepts, New Perspectives, and Outstanding Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:463-485. [PMID: 31701753 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The concept that vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is at the heart of the peroxide processing and redox signaling hub in plants is well established, but our knowledge of the precise mechanisms involved remains patchy at best. Recent Advances: Ascorbate participates in the multifaceted signaling pathways initiated by both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species. Crucially, the apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio that is regulated by ascorbate oxidase (AO) sculpts the apoplastic ROS (apoROS) signal that controls polarized cell growth, biotic and abiotic defences, and cell to cell signaling, as well as exerting control over the light-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. Critical Issues: Here we re-evaluate the roles of ascorbate in photosynthesis and other processes, addressing the question of how much we really know about the regulation of ascorbate homeostasis and its functions in plants, or how AO is regulated to modulate apoROS signals. Future Directions: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of AO activity in relation to stress perception and signaling must be resolved. Similarly, the molecular characterization of ascorbate transporters and mechanistic links between photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport and ascorbate synthesis/homeostasis are a prerequisite to understanding ascorbate homeostasis and function. Similarly, there is little in vivo evidence for ascorbate functions as an enzyme cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Borniego ML, Molina MC, Guiamét JJ, Martinez DE. Physiological and Proteomic Changes in the Apoplast Accompany Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1635. [PMID: 31969890 PMCID: PMC6960232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast, i.e. the cellular compartment external to the plasma membrane, undergoes important changes during senescence. Apoplastic fluid volume increases quite significantly in senescing leaves, thereby diluting its contents. Its pH elevates by about 0.8 units, similar to the apoplast alkalization in response to abiotic stresses. The levels of 159 proteins decrease, whereas 24 proteins increase in relative abundance in the apoplast of senescing leaves. Around half of the apoplastic proteins of non-senescent leaves contain a N-terminal signal peptide for secretion, while all the identified senescence-associated apoplastic proteins contain the signal peptide. Several of the apoplastic proteins that accumulate during senescence also accumulate in stress responses, suggesting that the apoplast may constitute a compartment where developmental and stress-related programs overlap. Other senescence-related apoplastic proteins are involved in cell wall modifications, proteolysis, carbohydrate, ROS and amino acid metabolism, signaling, lipid transport, etc. The most abundant senescence-associated apoplastic proteins, PR2 and PR5 (e.g. pathogenesis related proteins PR2 and PR5) are related to leaf aging rather than to the chloroplast degradation program, as their levels increase only in leaves undergoing developmental senescence, but not in dark-induced senescent leaves. Changes in the apoplastic space may be relevant for signaling and molecular trafficking underlying senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana E. Martinez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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35
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Abstract
Xylem is the most important route for root-to-shoot translocation of water, nutrients and signaling molecules. Although a number of studies have been performed using xylem sap, its collection requires special equipment and is usually low throughput. Here, we developed a simple and high-throughput method for the collection of both medium- (<1 ml) and small- (<200 μl) volume xylem sap samples. Using a rice Cd transporter mutant, we demonstrated that our method allows for the effective evaluation of xylem sap Cd concentrations.
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36
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Bioinformatic Exploration of the Targets of Xylem Sap miRNAs in Maize under Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061474. [PMID: 30909604 PMCID: PMC6470939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has the potential to be chronically toxic to humans through contaminated crop products. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can move systemically in plants. To investigate the roles of long-distance moving xylem miRNAs in regulating maize response to Cd stress, three xylem sap small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed for high-throughput sequencing to identify potential mobile miRNAs in Cd-stressed maize seedlings and their putative targets in maize transcriptomes. In total, about 199 miRNAs (20–22 nucleotides) were identified in xylem sap from maize seedlings, including 97 newly discovered miRNAs and 102 known miRNAs. Among them, 10 miRNAs showed differential expression in xylem sap after 1 h of Cd treatment. Two miRNAs target prediction tools, psRNAtarget (reporting the inhibition pattern of cleavage) and DPMIND (discovering Plant MiRNA-Target Interaction with degradome evidence), were used in combination to identify, via bioinformatics, the targets of 199 significantly expressed miRNAs in maize xylem sap. The integrative results of these two bioinformatic tools suggested that 27 xylem sap miRNAs inhibit 34 genes through cleavage with degradome evidence. Moreover, nearly 300 other genes were also the potential miRNAs cleavable targets without available degradome data support, and the majority of them were enriched in abiotic stress response, cell signaling, transcription regulation, as well as metal handling. These approaches and results not only enhanced our understanding of the Cd-responsive long-distance transported miRNAs from the view of xylem sap, but also provided novel insights for predicting the molecular genetic mechanisms mediated by miRNAs.
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Park SC, Kim IR, Kim JY, Lee Y, Kim EJ, Jung JH, Jung YJ, Jang MK, Lee JR. Molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana profilins as antifungal proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2545-2554. [PMID: 30056100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains an open question whether plant phloem sap proteins are functionally involved in plant defense mechanisms. METHODS The antifungal effects of two profilin proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPFN1 and AtPFN2, were tested against 11 molds and 4 yeast fungal strains. Fluorescence profiling, biophysical, and biochemical analyses were employed to investigate their antifungal mechanism. RESULTS Recombinant AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli, inhibited the cell growth of various pathogenic fungal strains at concentrations ranging from 10 to 160 μg/mL. The proteins showed significant intracellular accumulation and cell-binding affinity for fungal cells. Interestingly, the AtPFN proteins could penetrate the fungal cell wall and membrane and act as inhibitors of fungal growth via generation of cellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This triggered the AtPFN variant-induced cell apoptosis, resulting in morphological changes in the cells. CONCLUSION PFNs may play a critical role as antifungal proteins in the Arabidopsis defense system against fungal pathogen attacks. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study indicates that two profilin proteins, AtPFN1 and AtPFN2, can act as natural antimicrobial agents in the plant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Goseong Agricultural Development/Technology Center, Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do 52930, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jung
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea.
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Esseili MA, Meulia T, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Tissue Distribution and Visualization of Internalized Human Norovirus in Leafy Greens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00292-18. [PMID: 29625983 PMCID: PMC5981073 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00292-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce has been implicated in human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks. The virus is stable on the leaf surface for at least 2 weeks; however, the dynamics of virus internalization have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the internalization and distribution of HuNoV and two surrogate viruses, porcine sapovirus (SaV) and Tulane virus (TV), in lettuce and spinach. Viral inoculations through the roots of seedlings and the petiole of leaves from mature plants were performed, and the viruses were tracked on days 1 and 6 post-root inoculation and at 16 h and 72 h post-petiole inoculation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize root-internalized HuNoV. In both lettuce and spinach, (i) HuNoV was internalized into the roots and leaves at similar RNA titers, whereas surrogate viruses were more restricted to the roots, (ii) all three viruses were stable inside the roots and leaves for at least 6 days, and (iii) HuNoV disseminated similarly inside the central veins and leaf lamina, whereas surrogate viruses were more restricted to the central veins. Infectious TV, but not SaV, was detectable in all tissues, suggesting that TV has greater stability than SaV. HuNoV was visualized inside the roots' vascular bundle and the leaf mesophyll of both plants. In conclusion, using surrogate viruses may underestimate the level of HuNoV internalization into edible leaves. The internalization of HuNoV through roots and cut leaves and the dissemination into various spinach and lettuce tissues raise concerns of internal contamination through irrigation and/or wash water.IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks, with lettuce being implicated in the majority of outbreaks. The virus causes acute gastroenteritis in all age groups, with more severe symptoms in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, contributing to over 200,000 deaths worldwide annually. The majority of deaths due to HuNoV occur in the developing world, where limited sanitation exists along with poor wastewater treatment facilities, resulting in the contamination of water resources that are often used for irrigation. Our study confirms the ability of lettuce and spinach to internalize HuNoV from contaminated water through the roots into the edible leaves. Since these leafy greens are consumed with minimal processing that targets only surface pathogens, the internalized HuNoV presents an added risk to consumers. Thus, preventive measures should be in place to limit the contamination of irrigation water. In addition, better processing technologies are needed to inactivate internalized viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak A Esseili
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Tea Meulia
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
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De Marco F, Le Hir R, Dinant S. The rendez-vous of mobile sieve-element and abundant companion-cell proteins. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 43:108-112. [PMID: 29704830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of sieve tube exudate proteins (STEP) have now been identified and predicted to fulfill a diversity of functions. However, most STEPs should be considered putative, since methods to collect sieve tube exudates have many technical drawbacks, and advanced functional characterization will be required to distinguish contaminant from bonafide proteins, and determine the latter's location and activity in sieve elements (SE). One major challenge is to develop new approaches to elucidate the function of these SE proteins, which in turn, is expected to shed light on intriguing aspects of SE cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Marco
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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Nogueira FCS, Farias ARB, Teixeira FM, Domont GB, Campos FAP. Common Features Between the Proteomes of Floral and Extrafloral Nectar From the Castor Plant ( Ricinus Communis) and the Proteomes of Exudates From Carnivorous Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:549. [PMID: 29755492 PMCID: PMC5934526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Label-free quantitative proteome analysis of extrafloral (EFN) and floral nectar (FN) from castor (Ricinus communis) plants resulted in the identification of 72 and 37 proteins, respectively. Thirty proteins were differentially accumulated between EFN and FN, and 24 of these were more abundant in the EFN. In addition to proteins involved in maintaining the nectar pathogen free such as chitinases and glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase, both proteomes share an array of peptidases, lipases, carbohydrases, and nucleases. A total of 39 of the identified proteins, comprising different classes of hydrolases, were found to have biochemical matching partners in the exudates of at least five genera of carnivorous plants, indicating the EFN and FN possess a potential to digest biological material from microbial, animal or plant origin equivalent to the exudates of carnivorous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C. S. Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, PPGBq, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreza R. B. Farias
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fabiano M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B. Domont
- Proteomics Unit, PPGBq, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco A. P. Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Ruiz-May E, Sørensen I, Fei Z, Zhang S, Domozych DS, Rose JKC. The Secretome and N-Glycosylation Profiles of the Charophycean Green Alga, Penium margaritaceum, Resemble Those of Embryophytes. Proteomes 2018; 6:E14. [PMID: 29561781 PMCID: PMC6027541 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretome can be defined as the population of proteins that are secreted into the extracellular environment. Many proteins that are secreted by eukaryotes are N-glycosylated. However, there are striking differences in the diversity and conservation of N-glycosylation patterns between taxa. For example, the secretome and N-glycosylation structures differ between land plants and chlorophyte green algae, but it is not clear when this divergence took place during plant evolution. A potentially valuable system to study this issue is provided by the charophycean green algae (CGA), which is the immediate ancestors of land plants. In this study, we used lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the secretome including secreted N-glycoproteins of Penium margaritaceum, which is a member of the CGA. The identified secreted proteins and N-glycans were compared to those known from the chlorophyte green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the model land plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, to establish their evolutionary context. Our approach allowed the identification of cell wall proteins and proteins modified with N-glycans that are identical to those of embryophytes, which suggests that the P. margaritaceum secretome is more closely related to those of land plants than to those of chlorophytes. The results of this study support the hypothesis that many of the proteins associated with plant cell wall modification as well as other extracellular processes evolved prior to the colonization of terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Ruiz-May
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, CP 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - David S Domozych
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Feng J, Jia W, Lv S, Bao H, Miao F, Zhang X, Wang J, Li J, Li D, Zhu C, Li S, Li Y. Comparative transcriptome combined with morpho-physiological analyses revealed key factors for differential cadmium accumulation in two contrasting sweet sorghum genotypes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:558-571. [PMID: 28703450 PMCID: PMC5787832 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread soil contaminant threatening human health. As an ideal energy plant, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has great potential in phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils, although the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, key factors responsible for differential Cd accumulation between two contrasting sweet sorghum genotypes (high-Cd accumulation one H18, and low-Cd accumulation one L69) were investigated. H18 exhibited a much higher ability of Cd uptake and translocation than L69. Furthermore, Cd uptake through symplasmic pathway and Cd concentrations in xylem sap were both higher in H18 than those in L69. Root anatomy observation found the endodermal apoplasmic barriers were much stronger in L69, which may restrict the Cd loading into xylem. The molecular mechanisms underlying these morpho-physiological traits were further dissected by comparative transcriptome analysis. Many genes involved in cell wall modification and heavy metal transport were found to be Cd-responsive DEGs and/or DEGs between these two genotypes. KEGG pathway analysis found phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was over-represented, indicating this pathway may play important roles in differential Cd accumulation between two genotypes. Based on these results, a schematic representation of main processes involved in differential Cd uptake and translocation in H18 and L69 is proposed, which suggests that higher Cd accumulation in H18 depends on a multilevel coordination of efficient Cd uptake and transport, including efficient root uptake and xylem loading, less root cell wall binding, and weaker endodermal apoplasmic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weitao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hexigeduleng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fangfang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jihong Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BiofuelsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BiofuelsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shizhong Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BiofuelsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Abstract
The phloem plays a central role in transporting resources and signalling molecules from fully expanded leaves to provide precursors for, and to direct development of, heterotrophic organs located throughout the plant body. We review recent advances in understanding mechanisms regulating loading and unloading of resources into, and from, the phloem network; highlight unresolved questions regarding the physiological significance of the vast array of proteins and RNAs found in phloem saps; and evaluate proposed structure/function relationships considered to account for bulk flow of sap, sustained at high rates and over long distances, through the transport phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Liesche
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling , China
| | - John Patrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Ceballos-Laita L, Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Takahashi D, Abadía A, Uemura M, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Fe and Mn deficiencies on the protein profiles of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) xylem sap as revealed by shotgun analyses. J Proteomics 2017; 170:117-129. [PMID: 28847647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of Fe and Mn deficiencies on the xylem sap proteome of tomato using a shotgun proteomic approach, with the final goal of elucidating plant response mechanisms to these stresses. This approach yielded 643 proteins reliably identified and quantified with 70% of them predicted as secretory. Iron and Mn deficiencies caused statistically significant and biologically relevant abundance changes in 119 and 118 xylem sap proteins, respectively. In both deficiencies, metabolic pathways most affected were protein metabolism, stress/oxidoreductases and cell wall modifications. First, results suggest that Fe deficiency elicited more stress responses than Mn deficiency, based on the changes in oxidative and proteolytic enzymes. Second, both nutrient deficiencies affect the secondary cell wall metabolism, with changes in Fe deficiency occurring via peroxidase activity, and in Mn deficiency involving peroxidase, Cu-oxidase and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins. Third, the primary cell wall metabolism was affected by both nutrient deficiencies, with changes following opposite directions as judged from the abundances of several glycoside-hydrolases with endo-glycolytic activities and pectin esterases. Fourth, signaling pathways via xylem involving CLE and/or lipids as well as changes in phosphorylation and N-glycosylation also play a role in the responses to these stresses. Biological significance In spite of being essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, our knowledge of xylem responses to nutrient deficiencies is very limited. The present work applies a shotgun proteomic approach to unravel the effects of Fe and Mn deficiencies on the xylem sap proteome. Overall, Fe deficiency seems to elicit more stress in the xylem sap proteome than Mn deficiency, based on the changes measured in proteolytic and oxido-reductase proteins, whereas both nutrients exert modifications in the composition of the primary and secondary cell wall. Cell wall modifications could affect the mechanical and permeability properties of the xylem sap vessels, and therefore ultimately affect solute transport and distribution to the leaves. Results also suggest that signaling cascades involving lipid and peptides might play a role in nutrient stress signaling and pinpoint interesting candidates for future studies. Finally, both nutrient deficiencies seem to affect phosphorylation and glycosylation processes, again following an opposite pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Flor López-Millán
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Guillén L, Adaime R, Birke A, Velázquez O, Angeles G, Ortega F, Ruíz E, Aluja M. Effect of Resin Ducts and Sap Content on Infestation and Development of Immature Stages of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Four Mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) Cultivars. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:719-730. [PMID: 28073981 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We determined the influence of resin ducts, sap content, and fruit physicochemical features of four mango cultivars (Criollo, Manila, Ataulfo, and Tommy Atkins) on their susceptibility to the attack of the two most pestiferous fruit fly species infesting mangoes in Mexico: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). We performed three studies: 1) analysis of resin ducts in mango fruit exocarp to determine the density and area occupied by resin ducts in each mango cultivar, 2) assessment of mango physicochemical features including fruit sap content, and 3) a forced infestation trial under field conditions using enclosed fruit-bearing branches to expose mangoes to gravid A. ludens or A. obliqua females. Infestation rates, development time from egg to prepupae and pupae, pupal weight, and percent of adult emergence, were assessed. 'Ataulfo' and 'Tommy Atkins' cultivars exhibited the highest resin duct density and sap content, the lowest infestation rate, and had a negative effect on immature development and pupal weight. In sharp contrast, 'Manila' and 'Criollo' cultivars, with the lowest resin duct density and sap content, were highly susceptible to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack. We conclude that sap content and the number, size, and distribution of resin ducts as well as firmness in mango fruit exocarp are all involved in the resistance of mango to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Guillén
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Ricardo Adaime
- Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 5, N. 2600, 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - Andrea Birke
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Olinda Velázquez
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Guillermo Angeles
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Fernando Ortega
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Eliel Ruíz
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Martín Aluja
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (; ; ; ; ; ; )
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Duruflé H, Hervé V, Balliau T, Zivy M, Dunand C, Jamet E. Proline Hydroxylation in Cell Wall Proteins: Is It Yet Possible to Define Rules? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1802. [PMID: 29089960 PMCID: PMC5651053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall proteins (CWPs) play critical and dynamic roles in plant cell walls by contributing to developmental processes and response to environmental cues. Since the CWPs go through the secretion pathway, most of them undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) which can modify their biological activity. Glycosylation is one of the major PTMs of CWPs and refers to N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation and glypiation. Each of these PTMs occurs in different amino acid contexts which are not all well defined. This article deals with the hydroxylation of Pro residues which is a prerequisite for O-glycosylation of CWPs on hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues. The location of Hyp residues is well described in several structural CWPs, but yet rarely described in other CWPs. In this article, it is studied in detail in five Arabidopsis thaliana proteins using mass spectrometry data: one of them (At4g38770, AtPRP4) is a structural CWP containing 32.5% of Pro residues arranged in typical motifs, the others are either rich (27-28%, At1g31580 and At2g10940) or poor (6-8%, At1g09750 and At3g08030) in Pro residues. The known rules of Pro hydroxylation allowed a good prediction of Hyp location in AtPRP4. However, they could not be applied to the other proteins whatever their Pro content. In addition, variability of the Pro hydroxylation patterns was observed within some amino acid motifs in all the proteins and new patterns of Pro hydroxylation are described. Altogether, this work shows that Hyp residues are present in more protein families than initially described, and that Pro hydroxylation patterns could be different in each of them. This work paves the way for completing the existing Pro hydroxylation code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Duruflé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- INRS – Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Canada
| | - Thierry Balliau
- PAPPSO, GQE Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- PAPPSO, GQE Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth Jamet,
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Podgórska A, Burian M, Szal B. Extra-Cellular But Extra-Ordinarily Important for Cells: Apoplastic Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1353. [PMID: 28878783 PMCID: PMC5572287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), by their very nature, are highly reactive, and it is no surprise that they can cause damage to organic molecules. In cells, ROS are produced as byproducts of many metabolic reactions, but plants are prepared for this ROS output. Even though extracellular ROS generation constitutes only a minor part of a cell's total ROS level, this fraction is of extraordinary importance. In an active apoplastic ROS burst, it is mainly the respiratory burst oxidases and peroxidases that are engaged, and defects of these enzymes can affect plant development and stress responses. It must be highlighted that there are also other less well-known enzymatic or non-enzymatic ROS sources. There is a need for ROS detoxification in the apoplast, and almost all cellular antioxidants are present in this space, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of low-mass antioxidants is very low. The low antioxidant efficiency in the apoplast allows ROS to accumulate easily, which is a condition for ROS signaling. Therefore, the apoplastic ROS/antioxidant homeostasis is actively engaged in the reception and reaction to many biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bożena Szal
- *Correspondence: Bożena Szal, Anna Podgórska,
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Carella P, Merl-Pham J, Wilson DC, Dey S, Hauck SM, Vlot AC, Cameron RK. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Phloem Exudates Collected during the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1495-510. [PMID: 27208255 PMCID: PMC4902610 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense response that provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pathogen resistance to uninfected systemic leaves following an initial localized infection. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato generates long-distance SAR signals that travel from locally infected to distant leaves through the phloem to establish SAR In this study, a proteomics approach was used to identify proteins that accumulate in phloem exudates in response to the induction of SAR To accomplish this, phloem exudates collected from mock-inoculated or SAR-induced leaves of wild-type Columbia-0 plants were subjected to label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. Comparing mock- and SAR-induced phloem exudate proteomes, 16 proteins were enriched in phloem exudates collected from SAR-induced plants, while 46 proteins were suppressed. SAR-related proteins THIOREDOXIN h3, ACYL-COENZYME A-BINDING PROTEIN6, and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 were enriched in phloem exudates of SAR-induced plants, demonstrating the strength of this approach and suggesting a role for these proteins in the phloem during SAR To identify novel components of SAR, transfer DNA mutants of differentially abundant phloem proteins were assayed for SAR competence. This analysis identified a number of new proteins (m-type thioredoxins, major latex protein-like protein, ULTRAVIOLET-B RESISTANCE8 photoreceptor) that contribute to the SAR response. The Arabidopsis SAR phloem proteome is a valuable resource for understanding SAR long-distance signaling and the dynamic nature of the phloem during plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel C Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Sanjukta Dey
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Robin K Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
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Carella P, Wilson DC, Kempthorne CJ, Cameron RK. Vascular Sap Proteomics: Providing Insight into Long-Distance Signaling during Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:651. [PMID: 27242852 PMCID: PMC4863880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular system, composed of the xylem and phloem, is important for the transport of water, mineral nutrients, and photosynthate throughout the plant body. The vasculature is also the primary means by which developmental and stress signals move from one organ to another. Due to practical and technological limitations, proteomics analysis of xylem and phloem sap has been understudied in comparison to accessible sample types such as leaves and roots. However, recent advances in sample collection techniques and mass spectrometry technology are making it possible to comprehensively analyze vascular sap proteomes. In this mini-review, we discuss the emerging field of vascular sap proteomics, with a focus on recent comparative studies to identify vascular proteins that may play roles in long-distance signaling and other processes during stress responses in plants.
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