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Tyborowska A, Volman I, Niermann HCM, Dapprich AL, Smeekens S, Cillessen AHN, Toni I, Roelofs K. Developmental shift in testosterone influence on prefrontal emotion control. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13415. [PMID: 37341037 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A paradox of testosterone effects is seen in adolescents versus adults in social emotional approach-avoidance behavior. During adolescence, high testosterone levels are associated with increased anterior prefrontal (aPFC) involvement in emotion control, whereas during adulthood this neuro-endocrine relation is reversed. Rodent work shows that, during puberty, testosterone transitions from a neuro-developmental to a social-sexual activating hormone. In this study, we explored whether this functional transition is also present in human adolescents and young adults. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we investigated the role of testosterone on neural control of social emotional behavior during the transitions from middle to late adolescence and into young adulthood. Seventy-one individuals (tested at ages 14, 17, and 20 years) performed an fMRI-adapted approach-avoidance (AA) task involving automatic and controlled actions in response to social emotional stimuli. In line with predictions from animal models, the effect of testosterone on aPFC engagement decreased between middle and late adolescence, and shifted into an activational role by young adulthood-impeding neural control of emotions. This change in testosterone function was accompanied by increased testosterone-modulated amygdala reactivity. These findings qualify the testosterone-dependent maturation of the prefrontal-amygdala circuit supporting emotion control during the transition from middle adolescence into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tyborowska
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Volman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah C M Niermann
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna L Dapprich
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanny Smeekens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Pro Persona, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ivan Toni
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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2
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Green R, Meredith LR, Mewton L, Squeglia LM. Adolescent Neurodevelopment Within the Context of Impulsivity and Substance Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:166-177. [PMID: 38009082 PMCID: PMC10671920 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of the present review is to provide an update on recent studies examining adolescent neurodevelopment in the context of impulsivity and substance use. We provide a review of the neurodevelopmental changes in brain structure and function related to impulsivity, substance use, and their intersection. Recent Findings When examining brain structure, smaller gray matter volume coupled with lower white matter integrity is associated with greater impulsivity across three components: trait impulsivity, choice impulsivity, and response inhibition. Altered functional connectivity in networks including the inhibitory control network and reward processing network confers risk for greater impulsivity and substance use. Summary Across brain structure and function, there is evidence to suggest that overlapping areas involved in the rise in impulsivity during adolescence contribute to early substance use initiation and escalation. These overlapping neurodevelopmental correlates have promising implications for prevention and early intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Mewton
- Matilda Centre for Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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3
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Henemann GM, Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Hirjak D, Kubera KM, Sambataro F, Bach P, Koenig J, Wolf RC. Cognitive domain-independent aberrant frontoparietal network strength in individuals with excessive smartphone use. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 329:111593. [PMID: 36724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use (ESU) may fulfill criteria for addictive behavior. In contrast to other related behavioral addictions, particularly Internet Gaming Disorder, little is known about the neural correlates underlying ESU. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to acquire task data from three distinct behavioral paradigms, i.e. cue-reactivity, inhibition, and working memory, in individuals with psychometrically defined ESU (n = 19) compared to controls (n-ESU; n = 20). The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to quantify ESU-severity according to a novel five-factor model (SPAI-I). A multivariate data fusion approach, i.e. joint Independent Component Analysis (jICA) was employed to analyze fMRI-data derived from three separate experimental conditions, but analyzed jointly to detect converging and domain-independent neural signatures that differ between persons with vs. those without ESU. Across the three functional tasks, jICA identified a predominantly frontoparietal system that showed lower network strength in individuals with ESU compared to n-ESU (p < 0.05 FDR-corrected). Furthermore, significant associations between frontoparietal network strength and SPAI-I's dimensions "time spent" and "craving" were found. The data suggest a frontoparietal cognitive control network as cognitive domain-independent neural signature of excessive and potentially addictive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun M Henemann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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4
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Rau JMH, Sundermann B, Pfleiderer B, Dehghan-Nayyeri M, Garde S, Weglage J, Feldmann R. Inhibitory control in young adult women with fetal alcohol syndrome: Findings from a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023; 47:600-612. [PMID: 36807201 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive dysfunction, especially impaired inhibitory control, is a common finding in individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Previous research has mostly focused on neural correlates of inhibitory deficits in children and adolescents. We investigated inhibitory functions and underlying cerebral activation patterns in young adult women with FAS. METHODS Task performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during a Go/NoGo (GNG) inhibition task in 19 young adult women with FAS and 19 healthy female control subjects. Whole-brain activation and task performance analyses were supplemented by region of interest (ROI) analyses of fMRI data within a predefined cognitive control network (CCN). RESULTS Task performance did not differ significantly between groups on errors of commission, associated with inhibitory control. Similarly, overall activation within the preselected ROIs did not differ significantly between groups for the main inhibitory contrast NoGo > Go. However, whole-brain analyses revealed activation differences in the FAS group when compared to controls under inhibitory conditions. This included hyperactivations in the left inferior frontal, superior temporal, and supramarginal gyri in the FAS group. Likewise, lateralization tendencies toward right-hemispheric ROIs were weaker in FAS subjects. In contrast to comparable inhibitory performance, attention-related errors of omission were significantly higher in the FAS group. Correspondingly, FAS subjects had lower activity in attention-related temporal and parietal areas. CONCLUSIONS The known alterations of inhibitory functions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in children and adolescents were not seen in this adult sample. However, differential brain activity was observed, reflecting potential compensatory mechanisms. Secondary results suggest that there is impaired attentional control in young adult women with FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M H Rau
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sundermann
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Medical Campus, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Münster, Germany
| | - Mahboobeh Dehghan-Nayyeri
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Clinic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Garde
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Josef Weglage
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Reinhold Feldmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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5
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Antón-Toro LF, Shpakivska-Bilan D, Del Cerro-León A, Bruña R, Uceta M, García-Moreno LM, Maestú F. Longitudinal change of inhibitory control functional connectivity associated with the development of heavy alcohol drinking. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1069990. [PMID: 36818101 PMCID: PMC9935580 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1069990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heavy drinking (HD) prevalent pattern of alcohol consumption among adolescents, particularly concerning because of their critical vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of ethanol. Adolescent neurodevelopment is characterized by critical neurobiological changes of the prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions, important for the development of executive control processes, such as inhibitory control (IC). In the present Magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we aimed to describe the relationship between electrophysiological Functional Connectivity (FC) during an IC task and HD development, as well as its impact on functional neuromaturation. Methods We performed a two-year longitudinal protocol with two stages. In the first stage, before the onset of HD, we recorded brain electrophysiological activity from a sample of 67 adolescents (mean age = 14.6 ± 0.7) during an IC task. Alcohol consumption was measured using the AUDIT test and a semi-structured interview. Two years later, in the second stage, 32 of the 67 participants (mean age 16.7 ± 0.7) completed a similar protocol. As for the analysis in the first stage, the source-space FC matrix was calculated, and then, using a cluster-based permutation test (CBPT) based on Spearman's correlation, we calculated the correlation between the FC of each cortical source and the number of standard alcohol units consumed two years later. For the analysis of longitudinal change, we followed a similar approach. We calculated the symmetrized percentage change (SPC) between FC at both stages and performed a CBPT analysis, analyzing the correlation between FC change and the level of alcohol consumed in a regular session. Results The results revealed an association between higher beta-band FC in the prefrontal and temporal regions and higher consumption years later. Longitudinal results showed that greater future alcohol consumption was associated with an exacerbated reduction in the FC of the same areas. Discussion These results underline the existence of several brain functional differences prior to alcohol misuse and their impact on functional neuromaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Antón-Toro
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychology, University Camilo José Cela (UCJC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Luis F. Antón-Toro, ✉ ; ✉
| | - Danylyna Shpakivska-Bilan
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Del Cerro-León
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Uceta
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. García-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Yang L, Du Y, Yang W, Liu J. Machine learning with neuroimaging biomarkers: Application in the diagnosis and prediction of drug addiction. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13267. [PMID: 36692873 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse is a serious problem worldwide. Owing to intermittent intake of certain substances and the early inconspicuous clinical symptoms, this brings huge challenges for timely diagnosing addiction status and preventing substance use disorders (SUDs). As a non-invasive technique, neuroimaging can capture neurobiological signatures of abnormality in multiple brain regions caused by drug consumption in each clinical stage, like parenchymal morphology alteration as well as aberrant functional activity and connectivity of cerebral areas, making it realizable to diagnosis, prediction and even preemptive therapy of addiction. Machine learning (ML) algorithms primarily used for classification have been extensively applied in analysing medical imaging datasets. Significant neurobiological characteristics employed and revealed by classifiers were used to diagnose addictive states and predict initiation and vulnerability to drug usage, treatment abstinence, relapse and resilience of addicts and the risk of SUD. In this review, we summarize application of ML methods in neuroimaging focusing on addicts' diagnosis of clinical status and risk prediction and elucidate the discriminative neurobiological features from brain electrophysiological, morphological and functional perspectives that contribute most to the classifier, finally highlighting the auxiliary role of ML in addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyao Du
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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7
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Zhang Q, Li X, Yan H, Wang Y, Ou Y, Yu Y, Liang J, Liao H, Wu W, Mai X, Xie G, Guo W. Associations between abnormal spontaneous neural activity and clinical variables, eye movements, and event-related potential indicators in major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1056868. [PMID: 36711124 PMCID: PMC9875062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1056868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the correlations between abnormal spontaneous neural activity measured with fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and clinical variables, eye movements, and event-related potential indicators in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We recruited 42 patients with MDD and 42 healthy controls (HCs) and collected their clinical variables, eye movement, event-related potential, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. The fALFF, support vector machine (SVM), and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The results of the study showed that the fALFF values of the sensorimotor network, including the right middle temporal gyrus, right cerebellar Crus2, left occipital gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus, were significantly higher compared to HCs. Correlation analysis showed that the abnormal fALFF value of the right cerebellar Crus2 was inversely correlated with the active coping scores of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire in the patients (r = -0.307, p = 0.048). No correlation was observed between abnormal fALFF values and other clinical symptoms, neuropsychological tests, eye movements, and event-related potential-related indicators in patients with MDD. fALFF values in the left middle temporal gyrus could be used to distinguish patients with MDD from HCs with an accuracy of 78.57%. Conclusions Patients with MDD exhibited enhanced spontaneous neural activity in the sensorimotor network. No associations were found between abnormal spontaneous neural activity and clinical variables, eye movements, and event-related potential related indicators in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiancong Mai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Xie ✉
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Wenbin Guo ✉
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8
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Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Sambataro F, Hirjak D, Kubera KM, Koenig J, Wolf RC. Aberrant intrinsic neural network strength in individuals with "smartphone addiction": An MRI data fusion study. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2739. [PMID: 36043500 PMCID: PMC9480925 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Excessive smartphone use, also referred to as "smartphone addiction" (SPA), has increasingly attracted neuroscientific interest due to its similarities with other behavioral addictions, particularly internet gaming disorder. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying smartphone addiction. We explored interrelationships between brain structure and function to specify neurobiological correlates of SPA on a neural system level. METHODS Gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic neural activity (INA) were investigated in individuals with SPA (n = 20) and controls (n = 24), using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate data fusion techniques, that is, parallel independent component analysis. RESULTS The joint analysis of both data modalities explored shared information between GMV and INA. In particular, two amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations-based independent neural systems significantly differed between individuals with SPA and controls. A medial/dorsolateral prefrontal system exhibited lower functional network strength in individuals with SPA versus controls, whereas the opposite pattern was detected in a parietal cortical/cerebellar system. Neural network strength was significantly related to duration of smartphone use and sleep difficulties. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We show modality-specific associations of the brain's resting-state activity with distinct and shared SPA symptom dimensions. In particular, the data suggest contributions of aberrant prefrontal and parietal neural network strength as a possible signature of deficient executive control in SPA. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests distinct neural mechanisms underlying specific biological and behavioral dimensions of excessive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Weiss H, Luciana M. Neurobehavioral maturation of motor response inhibition in adolescence - A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104646. [PMID: 35367223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immature motor response inhibition in adolescence is considered contributory to adolescent risk-taking and externalizing behaviors. We review studies reporting age-related variations in motor response inhibition and MRI measurements from typically-developing adolescents. Reviewed studies measured response inhibition using one of three tasks-the Stop Signal Task, Go/No-Go, and Antisaccade Task. Task reliability appears to be particularly strong for the SST. Across tasks and study designs, results indicate that inhibitory control improves markedly through early adolescence. The trajectory of change in later adolescence and into young adulthood (i.e., linear or plateauing) varies depending on the task design. Neuroimaging studies identify adult-like response inhibition networks that are involved in behavioral development. The pros and cons of each task are discussed, including recommendations to guide future studies. Ongoing studies in large longitudinal datasets offer opportunities for further exploration of the shape of change in response inhibition, related neural regions, and associations with other affective and cognitive processes to identify potential impacts of motor response inhibition immaturities or individual differences on adolescent risk-taking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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10
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Waldthaler J, Vinding MC, Eriksson A, Svenningsson P, Lundqvist D. Neural correlates of impaired response inhibition in the antisaccade task in Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Oberman LM, Hynd M, Nielson DM, Towbin KE, Lisanby SH, Stringaris A. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder: A Focus on Neurodevelopment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:642847. [PMID: 33927653 PMCID: PMC8076574 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent depression is a potentially lethal condition and a leading cause of disability for this age group. There is an urgent need for novel efficacious treatments since half of adolescents with depression fail to respond to current therapies and up to 70% of those who respond will relapse within 5 years. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults who do not respond to pharmacological or behavioral interventions. In contrast, rTMS has not demonstrated the same degree of efficacy in adolescent MDD. We argue that this is due, in part, to conceptual and methodological shortcomings in the existing literature. In our review, we first provide a neurodevelopmentally focused overview of adolescent depression. We then summarize the rTMS literature in adult and adolescent MDD focusing on both the putative mechanisms of action and neurodevelopmental factors that may influence efficacy in adolescents. We then identify limitations in the existing adolescent MDD rTMS literature and propose specific parameters and approaches that may be used to optimize efficacy in this uniquely vulnerable age group. Specifically, we suggest ways in which future studies reduce clinical and neural heterogeneity, optimize neuronavigation by drawing from functional brain imaging, apply current knowledge of rTMS parameters and neurodevelopment, and employ an experimental therapeutics platform to identify neural targets and biomarkers for response. We conclude that rTMS is worthy of further investigation. Furthermore, we suggest that following these recommendations in future studies will offer a more rigorous test of rTMS as an effective treatment for adolescent depression.
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12
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Pallanti S, Marras A, Makris N. A Research Domain Criteria Approach to Gambling Disorder and Behavioral Addictions: Decision-Making, Response Inhibition, and the Role of Cannabidiol. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634418. [PMID: 34603091 PMCID: PMC8484302 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling Disorder (GD) has been recently re-classified in the DSM-5 under the "substance-related and addictive disorders," in light of its genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic resemblances to substance dependence. Diminished control is a core defining concept of psychoactive substance dependence or addiction and has given rise to the concept of "behavioral" addictions, which are syndromes analogous to substance addiction, but with a behavioral focus other than ingestion of a psychoactive substance. The main symptom clusters are represented by loss of control, craving/withdrawal, and neglect of other areas of life, whereas in a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, GD patients exhibit deficits in the domain of "Positive valence systems," particularly in the "Approach motivation" and "Reward learning" constructs, as well as in the "Cognitive systems," primarily in the "Cognitive control" construct. In the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), three relevant domains for addictions emerge: "Incentive salience," "Negative Emotionality," and "Executive Function." The endocannabinoid system (ECS) may largely modulate these circuits, presenting a promising pharmaceutical avenue for treating addictions. Up to now, research on cannabidiol has shown some efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), whereas in behavioral addictions its role has not been fully elucidated, as well as its precise action on RDoC domains. Herein, we review available evidence on RDoC domains affected in GD and behavioral addictions and summarize insights on the use of cannabidiol in those disorders and its potential mechanisms of action on reward, decisional, and sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- Institute of Neurosciences, Florence, Italy.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna Marras
- Institute of Neurosciences, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Bessette KL, Karstens AJ, Crane NA, Peters AT, Stange JP, Elverman KH, Morimoto SS, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. A Lifespan Model of Interference Resolution and Inhibitory Control: Risk for Depression and Changes with Illness Progression. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:477-498. [PMID: 31942706 PMCID: PMC7363517 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive processes involved in inhibitory control accuracy (IC) and interference resolution speed (IR) or broadly - inhibition - are discussed in this review, and both are described within the context of a lifespan model of mood disorders. Inhibitory control (IC) is a binary outcome (success or no for response selection and inhibition of unwanted responses) for any given event that is influenced to an extent by IR. IR refers to the process of inhibition, which can be manipulated by task design in earlier and later stages through use of distractors and timing, and manipulation of individual differences in response proclivity. We describe the development of these two processes across the lifespan, noting factors that influence this development (e.g., environment, adversity and stress) as well as inherent difficulties in assessing IC/IR prior to adulthood (e.g., cross-informant reports). We use mood disorders as an illustrative example of how this multidimensional construct can be informative to state, trait, vulnerability and neuroprogression of disease. We present aggregated data across numerous studies and methodologies to examine the lifelong development and degradation of this subconstruct of executive function, particularly in mood disorders. We highlight the challenges in identifying and measuring IC/IR in late life, including specificity to complex, comorbid disease processes. Finally, we discuss some potential avenues for treatment and accommodation of these difficulties across the lifespan, including newer treatments using cognitive remediation training and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bessette
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Aimee J Karstens
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natania A Crane
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen H Elverman
- Neuropsychology Center, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Shizuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Mental Health Services, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
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Trujillo-Estrada L, Gomez-Arboledas A, Forner S, Martini AC, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D, LaFerla FM. Astrocytes: From the Physiology to the Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:675-698. [PMID: 31470787 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190830110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are key cells for adequate brain formation and regulation of cerebral blood flow as well as for the maintenance of neuronal metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis and exocytosis, and synaptic transmission. Many of these functions are intrinsically related to neurodegeneration, allowing refocusing on the role of astrocytes in physiological and neurodegenerative states. Indeed, emerging evidence in the field indicates that abnormalities in the astrocytic function are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In the present review, we highlight the physiological role of astrocytes in the CNS, including their communication with other cells in the brain. Furthermore, we discuss exciting findings and novel experimental approaches that elucidate the role of astrocytes in multiple neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, United States
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefânia Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, United States
| | - Alessandra Cadete Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, United States
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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15
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Nawa NE, Ando H. Effective connectivity during autobiographical memory search. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01719. [PMID: 32538553 PMCID: PMC7428471 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to examine effective connectivity during cued autobiographical memory (AM) search in a left-hemispheric network consisting of six major regions within the large network of brain regions recruited during memory retrieval processes. METHODS Functional MRI data were acquired while participants were shown verbal cues describing common life events and requested to search for a personal memory associated with the cue. We examined directed couplings between the ventromedial (vmPFC), dorsomedial (dmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (dlPFC), hippocampus, angular gyrus, and the posterior midline cortex (RSC/PCC/Prec). RESULTS During AM search, the vmPFC, dlPFC, and RSC/PCC/Prec acted as primary drivers of activity in the rest of the network. Moreover, when AM search completed successfully (Hits), the effective connectivity of the hippocampus on the vmPFC and angular gyrus was up-modulated. Likewise, there was an increase in the influence of the RSC/PCC/Prec in the activity of the dlPFC and dmPFC. Further analysis indicated that the modulation observed during Hits is primarily a distributed phenomenon that relies on the interplay between different brain regions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that prefrontal and posterior midline cortical regions together with the dlPFC largely coordinate the processes underlying AM search, setting up the conditions on which the angular gyrus and the hippocampus may act upon when the outcome of the search is successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Does cognitive control ability mediate the relationship between reward-related mechanisms, impulsivity, and maladaptive outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood? COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:653-676. [PMID: 31119652 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiological models explain increased risk-taking behaviours in adolescence and young adulthood as arising from staggered development of subcortical reward networks and prefrontal control networks. In this study, we examined whether individual variability in impulsivity and reward-related mechanisms is associated with higher level of engagement in risky behaviours and vulnerability to maladaptive outcomes and whether this relationship is mediated by cognitive control ability. A community sample of adolescents, young adults, and adults (age = 15-35 years) completed self-report measures and behavioural tasks of cognitive control, impulsivity, and reward-related mechanisms, and self-reported level of maladaptive outcomes. Behavioural, event-related potential (ERP), and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) measures of proactive control were derived from a task-switching paradigm. Adolescents, but not young adults, reported higher levels of impulsivity, reward-seeking behaviours and maladaptive outcomes than adults. They also had lower cognitive control ability, as measured by both self-report and task-based measures. Consistent with models of risk-taking behaviour, self-reported level of cognitive control mediated the relationship between self-reported levels of impulsivity and psychological distress, but the effect was not moderated by age. In contrast, there was no mediation effect of behavioural or EEG-based measures of cognitive control. These findings suggest that individual variability in cognitive control is more crucial to the relationship between risk-taking/impulsivity and outcomes than age itself. They also highlight large differences in measurement between self-report and task-based measures of cognitive control and decision-making under reward conditions, which should be considered in any studies of cognitive control.
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17
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Weigard A, Soules M, Ferris B, Zucker RA, Sripada C, Heitzeg M. Cognitive Modeling Informs Interpretation of Go/No-Go Task-Related Neural Activations and Their Links to Externalizing Psychopathology. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:530-541. [PMID: 32007431 PMCID: PMC7214209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other externalizing psychopathologies tend to display poor behavioral performance on the go/no-go task, which is thought to reflect deficits in inhibitory control. However, clinical neuroimaging studies using this task have yielded conflicting results, raising basic questions about what the task measures and which aspects of the task relate to clinical outcomes. We used computational modeling to provide a clearer understanding of how neural activations from this task relate to the cognitive mechanisms that underlie performance and to probe the implications of these relationships for clinical research. METHODS A total of 143 young adults (8-21 years of age) performed the go/no-go task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We used the diffusion decision model (DDM), a cognitive modeling approach, to quantify distinct neurocognitive processes that underlie go/no-go performance. We then assessed correlations between DDM parameters and brain activation from standard go/no-go contrasts and assessed relationships of DDM parameters and associated neural measures with clinical ratings. RESULTS Right-lateralized prefrontal activations on correct inhibition trials, which are generally assumed to isolate neural processes involved in inhibition, were unrelated to DDM parameters (and other performance indices). However, responses to failed inhibitions in brain regions associated with error monitoring were strongly related to more efficient task performance and correlated with externalizing behavior and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings cast doubt on conventional interpretations of go/no-go task-related activations as reflecting the neural basis of inhibitory functioning. We instead found evidence that error-related contrasts provide clinically relevant information about neural systems involved in monitoring and optimizing the efficiency of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weigard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Mary Soules
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bailey Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chandra Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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18
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Yang H, Di X, Gong Q, Sweeney J, Biswal B. Investigating inhibition deficit in schizophrenia using task-modulated brain networks. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1601-1613. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Suárez-Suárez S, Doallo S, Pérez-García JM, Corral M, Rodríguez Holguín S, Cadaveira F. Response Inhibition and Binge Drinking During Transition to University: An fMRI Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:535. [PMID: 32581896 PMCID: PMC7296115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge Drinking (BD), a highly prevalent drinking pattern among youth, has been linked with anomalies in inhibitory control. However, it is still not well characterized whether the neural mechanisms involved in this process are compromised in binge drinkers (BDs). Furthermore, recent findings suggest that exerting inhibitory control to alcohol-related stimuli requires an increased effort in BDs, relative to controls, but the brain regions subserving these effects have also been scarcely investigated. Here we explored the impact of BD on the pattern of neural activity mediating response inhibition and its modulation by the motivational salience of stimuli (alcohol-related content). METHODS Sixty-seven (36 females) first-year university students, classified as BDs (n = 32) or controls (n = 35), underwent fMRI as they performed an alcohol-cued Go/NoGo task in which pictures of alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages were presented as Go or NoGo stimuli. RESULTS During successful inhibition trials, BDs relative to controls showed greater activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), extending to the anterior insula, a brain region usually involved in response inhibition tasks, despite the lack of behavioral differences between groups. Moreover, BDs displayed increased activity in this region restricted to the right hemisphere when inhibiting a prepotent response to alcohol-related stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The increased neural activity in the IFG/insula during response inhibition in BDs, in the absence of behavioral impairments, could reflect a compensatory mechanism. The findings suggest that response inhibition-related activity in the right IFG/insula is modulated by the motivational salience of stimuli and highlight the role of this brain region in suppressing responses to substance-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suárez-Suárez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Doallo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Pérez-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corral
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Socorro Rodríguez Holguín
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Developmental trends in lineup performance: Adolescents are more prone to innocent bystander misidentifications than children and adults. Mem Cognit 2019; 47:428-440. [PMID: 30478519 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-018-0877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We tested developmental trends in eyewitness identification in biased and unbiased lineups. Our main interest was adolescent's lineup performance compared with children and adults. 7-10-year-olds, 11-13-year-olds, 14-16-year-olds, and adults (N = 431) watched a wallet-theft-video and subsequently identified the thief, victim, and witness from simultaneous target-present and target-absent six-person photo lineups. The thief-absent lineup included a bystander previously seen in thief proximity. Research on unconscious transference suggested a selection bias toward the bystander in adults and 11-13-year-olds, but not in younger children. Confirming our hypothesis, adolescents were more prone to bystander bias than all other age groups. This may be due to adolescents making more inferential errors than children, as predicted by fuzzy-trace theory and associative-activation theory, combined with lower inhibition control in adolescents compared with adults. We also replicated a clothing bias for all age groups and age-related performance differences in our unbiased lineups. Consistent with previous findings, participants were generally overconfident in their decisions, even though confidence was a better predictor of accuracy in older compared with younger participants. With this study, we show that adolescents have an increased tendency to misidentify an innocent bystander. Continued efforts are needed to disentangle how adolescents in comparison to other age groups perform in forensically relevant situations.
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21
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Duehlmeyer L, Hester R. Impaired learning from punishment of errors in smokers: Differences in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor cortex blood-oxygen-level dependent responses. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101819. [PMID: 31009885 PMCID: PMC6477654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smokers have shown hypersensitivity to reward and hyposensitivity to punishment, along with impairments in learning from errors. The underlying neural mechanism for this failure to adapt performance following an error, particularly when receiving negative feedback, are unclear. Smokers were hypothesized to have poorer error-learning following monetary punishment, associated with hypoactivation in the insula, dorsal anterior cingulate, and hippocampal cortical regions. Twenty-three smokers (8 females, mean age = 25.48, SD = 4.46) and twenty-three healthy controls (13 females, mean age = 24.83, SD = 5.99) were administered an associative learning task, providing monetary reward and punishment for recall performance, during fMRI data collection. Compared with controls, smokers had a lower error-correction rate and were less sensitive to punishment magnitude. Hyperactivity during recall was independent of future error correction, but smokers' successful re-encoding appeared related to higher dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity while controls had equivalent activation for corrected and repeated errors. While controls showed higher deactivation of the sensorimotor cortex during high punishment, smokers showed higher deactivation during low punishment. The present results support smokers having poorer learning from errors and decreased attentional control associated with hyperactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, smokers exhibited decreased punishment sensitivity that appeared to limit their ability to adapt learning in the face of repeated negative feedback. Smokers show impaired learning from punished errors. Controls are more sensitive to differences in punishment magnitude than smokers. Smokers show dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivity during recall. Smokers rely more on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for correct re-encoding than controls. Smokers show aberrant sensorimotor cortex deactivation compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Duehlmeyer
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, 12th floor Redmond Barry Building, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Robert Hester
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, 12th floor Redmond Barry Building, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Fryer SL, Roach BJ, Ford JM, Donaldson KR, Calhoun VD, Pearlson GD, Kiehl KA, Srihari VH, McGlashan TH, Woods SW, Mathalon DH. Should I Stay or Should I Go? FMRI Study of Response Inhibition in Early Illness Schizophrenia and Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:158-168. [PMID: 29385625 PMCID: PMC6293268 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Response inhibition (RI) is a component of the cognitive control systems that support optimal cognition. Cognitive control deficits are well-described in schizophrenia, but are not well characterized in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during Go/NoGo task performance was collected from 30 CHR youth, 23 early illness schizophrenia patients (ESZ), and 72 healthy adolescents and young adults (HC). Voxelwise main effects of group were examined (P < .005 height threshold, family-wise error-corrected cluster threshold, P < .05) for correct NoGo-Go contrast values and task-based functional connectivity. CHR and ESZ groups had slower and more variable reaction times (RT) on Go trials compared to HCs. Significant main effects of group in bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and right inferior frontal cortex stemmed from CHR and ESZ groups showing significantly less NoGo-Go activation, relative to HCs. Faster responding HCs had less functional coupling between dACC and medial prefrontal cortex, a default mode network (DMN) region during NoGo vs Go trials. This functional connectivity-performance relationship was not present in ESZ or CHR groups. The pattern of findings suggests CHR and ESZ groups were deficient in developing strong and consistent prepotent responding, based on their slow and variable motor responses and decreased engagement of dACC and right inferior frontal regions implicated in inhibitory control. Furthermore, only the control group showed a functional connectivity relationship consistent with greater response prepotency requiring more decoupling of inhibitory control regions from DMN regions during RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L Fryer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Mental Health, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brian J Roach
- Mental Health, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Mental Health, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | | | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Mental Health, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatry Service (116D), San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, US; tel: 415-221-4810/23860, fax: 415-750-6622, e-mail:
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A. Breukelaar I, Williams LM, Antees C, Grieve SM, Foster SL, Gomes L, Korgaonkar MS. Cognitive ability is associated with changes in the functional organization of the cognitive control brain network. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:5028-5038. [PMID: 30136345 PMCID: PMC6866537 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is one of the most important skills in day-to-day social and intellectual functioning but we are yet to understand the neural basis of the group of behaviors required to carry this out. Here, we probed changes over time in the brain network associated with cognitive control (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsal posterior parietal cortex, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) using both behavioral assays and functional brain imaging during a selective working memory task in 69 healthy participants within the age range 18-38 years (mean: 25, SD: ±6), assessed twice, 2 years apart. We aimed to explore the relationship of changing network activation and connectivity with behavioral tasks associated with cognitive control in this otherwise neurodevelopmentally stable group. We found that increased connectivity between frontoparietal cognitive control network regions during the working memory task was associated with improved memory and executive functions over the 2-year period and that this association was not impacted by age, gender, or baseline performance. These results provide evidence that changes in the functional organization of the cognitive control brain network occur despite the absence of neurodevelopment, aging or targeted cognitive training effects, and could modulate cognitive performance in early to mid-adulthood. Understanding how and why this change is occurring could provide insights into the mechanisms through which cognitive control ability is cultivated over time. This could aid in the development of interventions in cases where cognitive control is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A. Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
- VA Palo Alto (Sierra‐Pacific MIRECC)Palo AltoCalifornia
| | - Cassandra Antees
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research InstituteCharles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of RadiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sheryl L. Foster
- Department of RadiologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Health Science, The Discipline of Medical Radiation SciencesThe University of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lavier Gomes
- Department of RadiologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of PsychiatrySydney Medical SchoolWestmeadSydneyAustralia
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24
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Wang W, Worhunsky PD, Zhang S, Le TM, Potenza MN, Li CSR. Response inhibition and fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit dysfunction in cocaine addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 192:137-145. [PMID: 30248560 PMCID: PMC6200592 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated how cognitive control may be compromised in cocaine addiction. Here, we extend this literature by employing spatial Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to describe circuit dysfunction in relation to impairment in response inhibition in cocaine addiction. METHODS Fifty-five cocaine-dependent (CD) and 55 age- and sex-matched non-drug-using healthy control individuals (HC) participated in the study. Task-relatedness of 40 independent components (ICs) was assessed using multiple regression analyses of component time courses with the modeled time courses of hemodynamic activity convolved with go success (GS), stop success (SS) and stop error (SE). This procedure produced beta-weights that represented the degree to which each IC was temporally associated with, or 'engaged', by each task event. RESULTS Behaviorally, CD participants showed prolonged stop signal reaction times (SSRTs) as compared to HC participants (p < 0.01). ICA identified two networks that showed differences in engagement related to SS between CD and HC (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). The activity of the fronto-striatal-thalamic network was negatively correlated with SSRTs in HC but not in CD, suggesting a specific role of this network in mediating deficits of response inhibition in CD individuals. In contrast, the engagement of the fronto-parietal-temporal network did not relate to SSRTs, was similarly less engaged for both SS and SE trials, and may reflect attentional dysfunction in cocaine addiction. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the utility of ICA in identifying neural circuitry engagement related to SST performance and suggests that specific networks may represent important targets in remedying executive-control impairment in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Patrick D. Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 200 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM L-200, P.O. Box 208074, New Haven CT 06520-8074, USA,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Rd, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 200 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM L-200, P.O. Box 208074, New Haven CT 06520-8074, USA
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25
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Spechler PA, Allgaier N, Chaarani B, Whelan R, Watts R, Orr C, Albaugh MD, D'Alberto N, Higgins ST, Hudson KE, Mackey S, Potter A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Cattrell A, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Walter H, Schumann G, Althoff RR, Garavan H. The initiation of cannabis use in adolescence is predicted by sex-specific psychosocial and neurobiological features. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2346-2356. [PMID: 29889330 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use initiated during adolescence might precipitate negative consequences in adulthood. Thus, predicting adolescent cannabis use prior to any exposure will inform the aetiology of substance abuse by disentangling predictors from consequences of use. In this prediction study, data were drawn from the IMAGEN sample, a longitudinal study of adolescence. All selected participants (n = 1,581) were cannabis-naïve at age 14. Those reporting any cannabis use (out of six ordinal use levels) by age 16 were included in the outcome group (N = 365, males n = 207). Cannabis-naïve participants at age 14 and 16 were included in the comparison group (N = 1,216, males n = 538). Psychosocial, brain and genetic features were measured at age 14 prior to any exposure. Cross-validated regularized logistic regressions for each use level by sex were used to perform feature selection and obtain prediction error statistics on independent observations. Predictors were probed for sex- and drug-specificity using post-hoc logistic regressions. Models reliably predicted use as indicated by satisfactory prediction error statistics, and contained psychosocial features common to both sexes. However, males and females exhibited distinct brain predictors that failed to predict use in the opposite sex or predict binge drinking in independent samples of same-sex participants. Collapsed across sex, genetic variation on catecholamine and opioid receptors marginally predicted use. Using machine learning techniques applied to a large multimodal dataset, we identified a risk profile containing psychosocial and sex-specific brain prognostic markers, which were likely to precede and influence cannabis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Spechler
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Watts
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Catherine Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kelsey E Hudson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Cattrell
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- DIGITEO Labs, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - University Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, AP-HP, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert R Althoff
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Moisala M, Salmela V, Carlson S, Salmela-Aro K, Lonka K, Hakkarainen K, Alho K. Neural activity patterns between different executive tasks are more similar in adulthood than in adolescence. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01063. [PMID: 30051640 PMCID: PMC6160639 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a time of ongoing neural maturation and cognitive development, especially regarding executive functions. In the current study, age-related differences in the neural correlates of different executive functions were tracked by comparing three age groups consisting of adolescents and young adults. METHODS Brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 167 human participants (13- to 14-year-old middle adolescents, 16- to 17-year-old late adolescents and 20- to 24-year-old young adults; 80 female, 87 male) while they performed attention and working memory tasks. The tasks were designed to tap into four putative sub-processes of executive function: division of attention, inhibition of distractors, working memory, and attention switching. RESULTS Behaviorally, our results demonstrated superior task performance in older participants across all task types. When brain activity was examined, young adult participants demonstrated a greater degree of overlap between brain regions recruited by the different executive tasks than adolescent participants. Similarly, functional connectivity between frontoparietal cortical regions was less task specific in the young adult participants than in adolescent participants. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results demonstrate that the similarity between different executive processes in terms of both neural recruitment and functional connectivity increases with age from middle adolescence to early adulthood, possibly contributing to age-related behavioral improvements in executive functioning. These developmental changes in brain recruitment may reflect a more homogenous morphological organization between process-specific neural networks, increased reliance on a more domain-general network involved in executive processing, or developmental changes in cognitive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moisala
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,AMI Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,AMI Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Synnove Carlson
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Kai Hakkarainen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,AMI Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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27
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Piispala J, Starck T, Jansson-Verkasalo E, Kallio M. Decreased occipital alpha oscillation in children who stutter during a visual Go/Nogo task. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1971-1980. [PMID: 30029047 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to discover attention- and inhibitory control-related differences in the main oscillations of the brain of children who stutter (CWS) compared to typically developed children (TDC). METHODS We performed a time-frequency analysis using wavelets, fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and the Alpha/Theta power ratio of EEG data collected during a visual Go/Nogo task in 7-9 year old CWS and TDC, including also the time window between consecutive tasks. RESULTS CWS showed significantly reduced occipital alpha power and Alpha/Theta ratio in the "resting" or preparatory period between visual stimuli especially in the Nogo condition. CONCLUSIONS The CWS demonstrate reduced inhibition of the visual cortex and information processing in the absence of visual stimuli, which may be related to problems in attentional gating. SIGNIFICANCE Occipital alpha oscillation is elementary in the control and inhibition of visual attention and the lack of occipital alpha modulation indicate fundamental differences in the regulation of visual information processing in CWS. Our findings support the view of stuttering as part of a wide-ranging brain dysfunction most likely involving also attentional and inhibitory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Piispala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tuomo Starck
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Eira Jansson-Verkasalo
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Mika Kallio
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Finland.
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28
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Stoycos SA, Del Piero L, Margolin G, Kaplan JT, Saxbe DE. Neural correlates of inhibitory spillover in adolescence: associations with internalizing symptoms. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1637-1646. [PMID: 28981903 PMCID: PMC5737803 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used an emotional go/no-go task to explore inhibitory spillover (how intentional cognitive inhibition ‘spills over’ to inhibit neural responses to affective stimuli) within 23 adolescents. Adolescents were shown emotional faces and asked to press a button depending on the gender of the face. When asked to inhibit with irrelevant affective stimuli present, adolescents recruited prefrontal cognitive control regions (rIFG, ACC) and ventral affective areas (insula, amygdala). In support of the inhibitory spillover hypothesis, increased activation of the rIFG and down-regulation of the amygdala occurred during negative, but not positive, inhibition trials compared with go trials. Functional connectivity analysis revealed coupling of the rIFG pars opercularis and ventral affective areas during negative no-go trials. Age was negatively associated with activation in frontal and temporal regions associated with inhibition and sensory integration. Internalizing symptoms were positively associated with increased bilateral IFG, ACC, putamen and pallidum. This is the first study to test the inhibitory spillover emotional go/no-go task within adolescents, who may have difficulties with inhibitory control, and to tie it to internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonas T Kaplan
- Department of Psychology.,Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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29
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Yang P, Tao R, He C, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang X. The Risk Factors of the Alcohol Use Disorders-Through Review of Its Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:303. [PMID: 29867316 PMCID: PMC5958183 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent a severe, world-wide problem, and are usually comorbid with psychiatric disorders, comorbidity increases the risks associated with AUDs, and results in more serious consequences for patients. However, currently the underlying mechanisms of comorbid psychiatric disorders in AUDs are not clear. Studies investigating comorbidity could help us understand the neural mechanisms of AUDs. In this review, we explore three comorbidities in AUDs, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and personality disorders (PDs). They are all co-morbidities of AUDs with rate of 33.7, 28, and 50–70%, respectively. The rate is significantly higher than other diseases. Therefore we review and analyze relevant literature to explore whether these three diseases are the risk factors of AUDs, focusing on studies assessing cognitive function and those using neural imaging. We found that memory deficits, impairment of cognitive control, negative emotion, and impulsivity may increase an individual's vulnerability to AUDs. This comorbidity may indicate the neural basis of AUDs and reveal characteristics associated with different types of comorbidity, leading to further development of new treatment approaches for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Substance-Related Disorders, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chengsen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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30
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Zhu X, Du X, Kerich M, Lohoff FW, Momenan R. Random forest based classification of alcohol dependence patients and healthy controls using resting state MRI. Neurosci Lett 2018; 676:27-33. [PMID: 29626649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, classification of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is made on clinical grounds; however, robust evidence shows that chronic alcohol use leads to neurochemical and neurocircuitry adaptations. Identifications of the neuronal networks that are affected by alcohol would provide a more systematic way of diagnosis and provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of AUD. In this study, we identified network-level brain features of AUD, and further quantified resting-state within-network, and between-network connectivity features in a multivariate fashion that are classifying AUD, thus providing additional information about how each network contributes to alcoholism. Resting-state fMRI were collected from 92 individuals (46 controls and 46 AUDs). Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (PICA) was used to extract brain functional networks and their corresponding time-course for AUD and controls. Both within-network connectivity for each network and between-network connectivity for each pair of networks were used as features. Random forest was applied for pattern classification. The results showed that within-networks features were able to identify AUD and control with 87.0% accuracy and 90.5% precision, respectively. Networks that were most informative included Executive Control Networks (ECN), and Reward Network (RN). The between-network features achieved 67.4% accuracy and 70.0% precision. The between-network connectivity between RN-Default Mode Network (DMN) and RN-ECN contribute the most to the prediction. In conclusion, within-network functional connectivity offered maximal information for AUD classification, when compared with between-network connectivity. Further, our results suggest that connectivity within the ECN and RN are informative in classifying AUD. Our findings suggest that machine-learning algorithms provide an alternative technique to quantify large-scale network differences and offer new insights into the identification of potential biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Data Scientist Team, Adtheorent, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mike Kerich
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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31
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Jawaid S, Kidd GJ, Wang J, Swetlik C, Dutta R, Trapp BD. Alterations in CA1 hippocampal synapses in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Glia 2018; 66:789-800. [PMID: 29274095 PMCID: PMC5812820 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the major cause of inherited mental retardation and the leading genetic cause of Autism spectrum disorders. FXS is caused by mutations in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (Fmr1) gene, which results in transcriptional silencing of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). To elucidate cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of FXS, we compared dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region of adult wild-type (WT) and Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1-KO) mice. Using diolistic labeling, confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional electron microscopy, we show a significant increase in the diameter of secondary dendrites, an increase in dendritic spine density, and a decrease in mature dendritic spines in adult Fmr1-KO mice. While WT and Fmr1-KO mice had the same mean density of spines, the variance in spine density was three times greater in Fmr1-KO mice. Reduced astrocyte participation in the tripartite synapse and less mature post-synaptic densities were also found in Fmr1-KO mice. We investigated whether the increase in synaptic spine density was associated with altered synaptic pruning during development. Our data are consistent with reduced microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the CA1 region of Fmr1-KO hippocampi when compared with WT littermates at postnatal day 21, which is the peak period of synaptic pruning in the mouse hippocampus. Collectively, these results support abnormal synaptogenesis and synaptic remodeling in mice deficient in FMRP. Deficits in the maturation and distribution of synaptic spines on dendrites of CA1 hippocampal neurons may play a role in the intellectual disabilities associated with FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Jawaid
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Grahame J Kidd
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carrie Swetlik
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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32
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Hildebrandt T, Heywood A, Wesley D, Schulz K. Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal. Front Psychol 2018; 9:390. [PMID: 29651261 PMCID: PMC5885244 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic androgens (i. e., anabolic-androgenic steroids) are the primary component to the majority of problematic appearance and performance enhancing drug (APED) use. Despite evidence that these substances are associated with increased risk for aggression, violence, body image disturbances, and polypharmacy and can develop a pattern of chronic use consistent with drug dependence, there are no formal definitions of androgen intoxication. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to establish a testable theory of androgen intoxication. We present evidence and theorize that synthetic androgen intoxication can be defined by a pattern of poor self-regulation characterized by increased propensity for a range of behaviors (e.g., aggression, sex, drug seeking, exercise, etc.) via androgen mediated effects on general brain arousal. This theory posits that androgens reduce threshold for emotional reactivity, motor response, and alertness to sensory stimuli and disrupt inhibitory control over the behaviors associated with synthetic androgen use. These changes result from alteration to basic neurocircuitry that amplifies limbic activation and reduces top-down cortical control. The implications for this definition are to inform APED specific hypotheses about the behavioral and psychological effects of APED use and provide a basis for establishing clinical, legal, and public health guidelines to address the use and misuse of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hildebrandt
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Heywood
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Wesley
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Yang J, Ye J, Wang R, Zhou K, Wu YJ. Bilingual Contexts Modulate the Inhibitory Control Network. Front Psychol 2018; 9:395. [PMID: 29636713 PMCID: PMC5881103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated influences of language contexts on inhibitory control and the underlying neural processes. Thirty Cantonese–Mandarin–English trilingual speakers, who were highly proficient in Cantonese (L1) and Mandarin (L2), and moderately proficient in English (L3), performed a picture-naming task in three dual-language contexts (L1-L2, L2-L3, and L1-L3). After each of the three naming tasks, participants performed a flanker task, measuring contextual effects on the inhibitory control system. Behavioral results showed a typical flanker effect in the L2-L3 and L1-L3 condition, but not in the L1-L2 condition, which indicates contextual facilitation on inhibitory control performance by the L1-L2 context. Whole brain analysis of the fMRI data acquired during the flanker tasks showed more neural activations in the right prefrontal cortex and subcortical areas in the L2-L3 and L1-L3 condition on one hand as compared to the L1-L2 condition on the other hand, suggesting greater involvement of the cognitive control areas when participants were performing the flanker task in L2-L3 and L1-L3 contexts. Effective connectivity analyses displayed a cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry for inhibitory control in the trilinguals. However, contrary to the right-lateralized network in the L1-L2 condition, functional networks for inhibitory control in the L2-L3 and L1-L3 condition are less integrated and more left-lateralized. These findings provide a novel perspective for investigating the interaction between bilingualism (multilingualism) and inhibitory control by demonstrating instant behavioral effects and neural plasticity as a function of changes in global language contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Bilingual Cognition and Development Lab, Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Ye
- Bilingual Cognition and Development Lab, Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Jing Wu
- Faculty of Foreign Languages, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Beltz AM. Connecting Theory and Methods in Adolescent Brain Research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:10-25. [PMID: 29460359 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Networks are often implicated in theories of adolescent brain development, but they are not regularly examined in empirical studies. The aim of this article is to address this disconnect between theory and quantitative methodology, using the dual systems model of adolescent decision making as a prototype. After reviewing the key task-related connectivity methods that have been applied in the adolescent neuroimaging literature (seed-based correlations, psychophysiological interactions, and dynamic causal modeling), a novel connectivity method is introduced (extended unified structural equation modeling). The potential of this method for understanding adolescent brain development is showcased with a simulation study: It creates person-specific networks that have direct and time-lagged connections that can be modulated by behavior.
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35
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Nash K, Stevens S, Clairman H, Rovet J. Preliminary Findings that a Targeted Intervention Leads to Altered Brain Function in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2017; 8:brainsci8010007. [PMID: 29283403 PMCID: PMC5789338 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) exhibit behavioral dysregulation, executive dysfunction, and atypical function in associated brain regions. Previous research shows early intervention mitigates these outcomes but corresponding brain changes were not studied. Given the Alert® Program for Self-Regulation improves behavioral regulation and executive function in children with FASD, we asked if this therapy also improves their neural functioning in associated regions. Twenty-one children with FASD aged 8–12 years were randomized to the Alert®-treatment (TXT; n = 10) or waitlist-control (WL; n = 11) conditions. They were assessed with a Go-NoGo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm before and after training or the wait-out period. Groups initially performed equivalently and showed no fMRI differences. At post-test, TXT outperformed WL on NoGo trials while fMRI in uncorrected results with a small-volume correction showed less activation in prefrontal, temporal, and cingulate regions. Groups also demonstrated different patterns of change over time reflecting reduced signal at post-test in selective prefrontal and parietal regions in TXT and increased in WL. In light of previous evidence indicating TXT at post-test perform similar to non-exposed children on the Go-NoGo fMRI paradigm, our findings suggest Alert® does improve functional integrity in the neural circuitry for behavioral regulation in children with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Nash
- Psychiatry Department, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Sara Stevens
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G1R8, Canada.
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G1R8, Canada.
| | - Hayyah Clairman
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1A0, Canada.
| | - Joanne Rovet
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1A0, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
- Psychology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G3, Canada.
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36
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Newman E, Jernigan TL, Lisdahl KM, Tamm L, Tapert SF, Potkin SG, Mathalon D, Molina B, Bjork J, Castellanos FX, Swanson J, Kuperman JM, Bartsch H, Chen CH, Dale AM, Epstein JN. Go/No Go task performance predicts cortical thickness in the caudal inferior frontal gyrus in young adults with and without ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:880-92. [PMID: 26404018 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Response inhibition deficits are widely believed to be at the core of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several studies have examined neural architectural correlates of ADHD, but research directly examining structural correlates of response inhibition is lacking. Here we examine the relationship between response inhibition as measured by a Go/No Go task, and cortical surface area and thickness of the caudal inferior frontal gyrus (cIFG), a region implicated in functional imaging studies of response inhibition, in a sample of 114 young adults with and without ADHD diagnosed initially during childhood. We used multiple linear regression models to test the hypothesis that Go/No Go performance would be associated with cIFG surface area or thickness. Results showed that poorer Go/No Go performance was associated with thicker cIFG cortex, and this effect was not mediated by ADHD status or history of substance use. However, independent of Go/No Go performance, persistence of ADHD symptoms and more frequent cannabis use were associated with thinner cIFG. Go/No Go performance was not associated with cortical surface area. The association between poor inhibitory functioning and thicker cIFG suggests that maturation of this region may differ in low performing participants. An independent association of persistent ADHD symptoms and frequent cannabis use with thinner cIFG cortex suggests that distinct neural mechanisms within this region may play a role in inhibitory function, broader ADHD symptomatology, and cannabis use. These results contribute to Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) by revealing novel associations between neural architectural phenotypes and basic neurobehavioral processes measured dimensionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Newman
- Center for Human Development, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James Swanson
- The Child Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery N Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD, Bessette KL. Functional Neuroimaging Evidence for Distinct Neurobiological Pathways in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:675-685. [PMID: 30092917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge facing clinical neuroscientists is how best to synthesize diverse and sometimes inconsistent evidence for neuropsychological deficits and brain system dysfunction found in psychiatric disorders into models that guide etiological and treatment research. Multiple-pathway models suggest that psychiatric symptoms might arise from pathophysiology in different neural systems. This study tested dual-pathway model predictions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that reward and executive function cognitive deficits should be related to abnormalities in corresponding functionally specialized neural systems. METHODS Behavioral inhibition and preference for immediate rewards were assessed in N = 251 adolescent boys and girls ages 12 to 18 diagnosed with DSM-IV combined-subtype ADHD or non-ADHD control subjects. Following taxometric analyses of test performance, the resulting subgroups were compared on a functional magnetic resonance imaging monetary incentive delay task probing reward anticipation and go/no-go task of motor response inhibition. RESULTS Three ADHD subgroups were identified consistent with different proposed pathways-ADHD with executive function/motor inhibition deficits, ADHD with both executive and reward deficits, and ADHD with relatively normal test performance. Each cognitive domain mapped to different ADHD brain dysfunction features as expected. However, no brain abnormalities were found common to all ADHD subgroups despite the fact they had nearly identical ADHD-related clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that combined-subtype ADHD is a collection of discrete disorders for which a comparable behavioral end point arises through different neurobiological pathways. The findings raise caution about applying common cause, single-deficit conceptual models to individual ADHD patients and should prompt researchers to consider biologically defined, multifactorial etiological models for other psychiatric diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, the Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, the Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Mind Research Network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Katie L Bessette
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, the Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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38
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Cohen-Gilbert JE, Nickerson LD, Sneider JT, Oot EN, Seraikas AM, Rohan ML, Silveri MM. College Binge Drinking Associated with Decreased Frontal Activation to Negative Emotional Distractors during Inhibitory Control. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1650. [PMID: 29018380 PMCID: PMC5614979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to college is associated with an increase in heavy episodic alcohol use, or binge drinking, during a time when the prefrontal cortex and prefrontal-limbic circuitry continue to mature. Traits associated with this immaturity, including impulsivity in emotional contexts, may contribute to risky and heavy episodic alcohol consumption. The current study used blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activation during a task that required participants to ignore background images with positive, negative, or neutral emotional valence while performing an inhibitory control task (Go-NoGo). Subjects were 23 college freshmen (seven male, 18-20 years) who engaged in a range of drinking behavior (past 3 months' binge episodes range = 0-19, mean = 4.6, total drinks consumed range = 0-104, mean = 32.0). Brain activation on inhibitory trials (NoGo) was contrasted between negative and neutral conditions and between positive and neutral conditions using non-parametric testing (5000 permutations) and cluster-based thresholding (z = 2.3), p ≤ 0.05 corrected. Results showed that a higher recent incidence of binge drinking was significantly associated with decreased activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brain regions strongly implicated in executive functioning, during negative relative to neutral inhibitory trials. No significant associations between binge drinking and brain activation were observed for positive relative to neutral images. While task performance was not significantly associated with binge drinking in this sample, subjects with heavier recent binge drinking showed decreased recruitment of executive control regions under negative versus neutral distractor conditions. These findings suggest that in young adults with heavier recent binge drinking, processing of negative emotional images interferes more with inhibitory control neurocircuitry than in young adults who do not binge drink often. This pattern of altered frontal lobe activation associated with binge drinking may serve as an early marker of risk for future self-regulation deficits that could lead to problematic alcohol use. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of emotion on cognitive control and associated brain functioning in binge drinking behaviors among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
| | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
- Applied Neuroimaging Statistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
| | - Jennifer T. Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
| | - Emily N. Oot
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Boston University School of Medicine, BostonMA, United States
| | - Anna M. Seraikas
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
| | - Michael L. Rohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, BelmontMA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States
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39
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The neural basis of deficient response inhibition in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Evidence from a functional MRI study. Cortex 2017; 93:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Testosterone during Puberty Shifts Emotional Control from Pulvinar to Anterior Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 36:6156-64. [PMID: 27277794 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3874-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased limbic and striatal activation in adolescence has been attributed to a relative delay in the maturation of prefrontal areas, resulting in the increase of impulsive reward-seeking behaviors that are often observed during puberty. However, it remains unclear whether and how this general developmental pattern applies to the control of social emotional actions, a fundamental adult skill refined during adolescence. This domain of control pertains to decisions involving emotional responses. When faced with a social emotional challenge (e.g., an angry face), we can follow automatic response tendencies and avoid the challenge or exert control over those tendencies by selecting an alternative action. Using an fMRI-adapted social approach-avoidance task, this study identifies how the neural regulation of emotional action control changes as a function of human pubertal development in 14-year-old adolescents (n = 47). Pubertal maturation, indexed by testosterone levels, shifted neural regulation of emotional actions from the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus and the amygdala to the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC). Adolescents with more advanced pubertal maturation showed greater aPFC activity when controlling their emotional action tendencies, reproducing the same pattern consistently observed in adults. In contrast, adolescents of the same age, but with less advanced pubertal maturation, showed greater pulvinar and amygdala activity when exerting similarly effective emotional control. These findings qualify how, in the domain of social emotional actions, executive control shifts from subcortical to prefrontal structures during pubertal development. The pulvinar and the amygdala are suggested as the ontogenetic precursors of the mature control system centered on the anterior prefrontal cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adolescents can show distinct behavioral problems when emotionally aroused. This could be related to later development of frontal regions compared with deeper brain structures. This study found that when the control of emotional actions needs to be exerted, more mature adolescents, similar to adults, recruit the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC). Less mature adolescents recruit specific subcortical regions, namely the pulvinar and amygdala. These findings identify the subcortical pulvino-amygdalar pathway as a relevant precursor of a mature aPFC emotional control system, opening the way for a neurobiological understanding of how emotion control-related disorders emerge during puberty.
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41
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Hatchard T, Mioduszewski O, Fall C, Byron-Alhassan A, Fried P, Smith AM. Neural impact of low-level alcohol use on response inhibition: An fMRI investigation in young adults. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ordaz SJ, Fritz BL, Forbes EE, Luna B. The influence of pubertal maturation on antisaccade performance. Dev Sci 2017; 21:e12568. [PMID: 28557196 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period characterized by continued improvements in inhibitory control, and this persisting immaturity is believed to interact with affective/motivational behavior to generate the impulsive and risk-taking behavior evidenced at this time. Puberty is a central event of adolescence that has been shown to influence affective/motivational behavior. However, despite plausible mechanisms by which puberty might influence inhibitory control, researchers have yet to test this possibility rigorously. Thus, we designed a study to examine the unique role of pubertal maturation, independent of age, in the development of inhibitory control. In order to minimize age-related variability while maximizing pubertal status variability, we recruited 78 participants (34 F) whose ages narrowly spanned the mean age of gonadarche for each sex (F: ages 11-13, M: ages 12-14). Two complementary measures were used to assess pubertal status: (1) circulating blood serum testosterone and estradiol levels reflecting internal manifestations of pubertal maturation, and (2) Tanner staging by a trained nurse reflecting pubertal maturation's external manifestations. Inhibitory control was assessed using the antisaccade task, and findings were adjusted for the potential effect of age. Results revealed no association between testosterone levels and error rates or response latencies in either sex. In girls, estradiol levels were not associated with error rates, but were associated with faster response latencies. There was similarly no association between Tanner status and error rates, although girls in more advanced pubertal stages showed faster response latencies. Power analyses indicate that findings of a lack of association did not reflect limited statistical power. Thus, in a study designed to isolate the effects of pubertal maturation independent of age, both external and internal indices of pubertal maturation converged to indicate that age-related improvements in cold antisaccade performance are independent of pubertal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Ordaz
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara L Fritz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Chung WW, Hudziak JJ. The Transitional Age Brain: "The Best of Times and the Worst of Times". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:157-175. [PMID: 28314448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there have been substantial developments in the understanding of brain development and the importance of environmental inputs and context. This paper focuses on the neurodevelopmental mismatch that occurs during the epoch we term the 'transitional age brain' (ages 13-25) and the collateral behavioral correlates. We summarize research findings supporting the argument that, because of this neurodevelopmental mismatch, transitional age youth are at high risk for engaging in behaviors that lead to negative outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. We highlight the need to develop new, neuroscience-inspired health promotion and illness prevention approaches for transitional age youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston W Chung
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Family, University of Vermont Medical Center, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold 3, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - James J Hudziak
- University of Vermont College of Medicine and Medical Center, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold 3, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA.
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44
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Liu ZX, Lishak V, Tannock R, Woltering S. Effects of working memory training on neural correlates of Go/Nogo response control in adults with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Cope LM, Hardee JE, Soules ME, Burmeister M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Reduced brain activation during inhibitory control in children with COMT Val/Val genotype. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00577. [PMID: 28032000 PMCID: PMC5167006 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral undercontrol is a well-established risk factor for substance use disorder, identifiable at an early age well before the onset of substance use. However, the biological mechanistic structure underlying the behavioral undercontrol/substance use relationship is not well understood. The enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) catabolizes dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, brain regions involved in behavioral control. The goal of this work was to investigate the association between genetic variation in COMT functioning and fronto-striatal brain functioning during successful inhibitory control, a critical aspect of behavioral control. METHODS Participants were 65 (22 female) 7-12 year olds who were genotyped for the functional COMT Val158Met (rs4680) single-nucleotide polymorphism and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a go/no-go task. The majority of the sample (80%) had at least one parent with a history of alcohol use disorder and were thus at heightened risk for substance use disorders. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of genotype on brain activation in left and right putamen during successful versus failed inhibition and in right inferior frontal gyrus/insula during successful inhibition versus baseline. Follow-up tests revealed that Met homozygotes had greater activation in each region relative to Val homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These results are relevant for understanding how specific genes influence brain functioning related to underlying risk factors for substance use disorders and other disinhibitory psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mary E Soules
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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46
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The contributions of resting state and task-based functional connectivity studies to our understanding of adolescent brain network maturation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:13-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Bizzo BC, Sanchez TA, Tukamoto G, Zimmermann N, Netto TM, Gasparetto EL. Cortical Thickness and Episodic Memory Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:122-127. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Canedo Bizzo
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI); Barra da Tijuca; Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Tiago Arruda Sanchez
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tukamoto
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI); Barra da Tijuca; Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Nicolle Zimmermann
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Netto
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Emerson Leandro Gasparetto
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI); Barra da Tijuca; Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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48
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Duerden EG, Lee M, Chow S, Sato J, Mak-Fan K, Taylor MJ. Neural Correlates of Reward Processing in Typical and Atypical Development. Child Neurol Open 2016; 3:2329048X16667350. [PMID: 28503615 PMCID: PMC5417348 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x16667350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypically developing children including those born preterm or who have autism spectrum disorder can display difficulties with evaluating rewarding stimuli, which may result from impaired maturation of reward and cognitive control brain regions. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, 58 typically and atypically developing children (6-12 years) participated in a set-shifting task that included the presentation of monetary reward stimuli. In typically developing children, reward stimuli were associated with age-related increases in activation in cognitive control centers, with weaker changes in reward regions. In atypically developing children, no age-related changes were evident. Maturational disturbances in the frontostriatal regions during atypical development may underlie task-based differences in activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Duerden
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minha Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Sato
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Mak-Fan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Abram SV, Helwig NE, Moodie CA, DeYoung CG, MacDonald AW, Waller NG. Bootstrap Enhanced Penalized Regression for Variable Selection with Neuroimaging Data. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:344. [PMID: 27516732 PMCID: PMC4964314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fMRI research highlight the use of multivariate methods for examining whole-brain connectivity. Complementary data-driven methods are needed for determining the subset of predictors related to individual differences. Although commonly used for this purpose, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression may not be ideal due to multi-collinearity and over-fitting issues. Penalized regression is a promising and underutilized alternative to OLS regression. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric bootstrap quantile (QNT) approach for variable selection with neuroimaging data. We use real and simulated data, as well as annotated R code, to demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method. Our results illustrate the practical potential of our proposed bootstrap QNT approach. Our real data example demonstrates how our method can be used to relate individual differences in neural network connectivity with an externalizing personality measure. Also, our simulation results reveal that the QNT method is effective under a variety of data conditions. Penalized regression yields more stable estimates and sparser models than OLS regression in situations with large numbers of highly correlated neural predictors. Our results demonstrate that penalized regression is a promising method for examining associations between neural predictors and clinically relevant traits or behaviors. These findings have important implications for the growing field of functional connectivity research, where multivariate methods produce numerous, highly correlated brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Abram
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Helwig
- Department of Psychology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; School of Statistics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig A Moodie
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angus W MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Niels G Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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50
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A Preliminary Prospective Study of an Escalation in 'Maximum Daily Drinks', Fronto-Parietal Circuitry and Impulsivity-Related Domains in Young Adult Drinkers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1637-47. [PMID: 26514582 PMCID: PMC4832027 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol use in young adults is associated with greater impulsivity and neurobiological alterations in executive control systems. The maximum number of drinks consumed during drinking occasions ('MaxDrinks') represents a phenotype linked to vulnerability of alcohol use disorders, and an increase, or 'escalation', in MaxDrinks may be indicative of greater risk for problematic drinking. Thirty-six young adult drinkers performed a Go/No-Go task during fMRI, completed impulsivity-related assessments, and provided monthly reports of alcohol use during a 12-month follow-up period. Participants were characterized by MaxDrinks at baseline and after follow-up, identifying 18 escalating drinkers and 18 constant drinkers. Independent component analysis was used to investigate functional brain networks associated with response inhibition, and relationships with principal component analysis derived impulsivity-related domains were examined. Greater baseline MaxDrinks was associated with an average reduction in the engagement of a right-lateralized fronto-parietal functional network, while an escalation in MaxDrinks was associated with a greater difference in fronto-parietal engagement between successful inhibitions and error trials. Escalating drinkers displayed greater impulsivity/compulsivity-related domain scores that were positively associated with fronto-parietal network engagement and change in MaxDrinks during follow-up. In young adults, an escalating MaxDrinks trajectory was prospectively associated with altered fronto-parietal control mechanisms and greater impulsivity/compulsivity scores. Continued longitudinal studies of MaxDrinks trajectories, functional network activity, and impulsivity/compulsivity-related features may lend further insight into an intermediate phenotype vulnerable for alcohol use and addictive disorders.
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