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Philips R, Baeken C, Billieux J, Harris JM, Maurage P, Muela I, Öz İT, Pabst A, Sescousse G, Vögele C, Brevers D. Brain mechanisms discriminating enactive mental simulations of running and plogging. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26807. [PMID: 39185739 PMCID: PMC11345703 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Enactive cognition emphasizes co-constructive roles of humans and their environment in shaping cognitive processes. It is specifically engaged in the mental simulation of behaviors, enhancing the connection between perception and action. Here we investigated the core network of brain regions involved in enactive cognition as applied to mental simulations of physical exercise. We used a neuroimaging paradigm in which participants (N = 103) were required to project themselves running or plogging (running while picking-up litter) along an image-guided naturalistic trail. Using both univariate and multivariate brain imaging analyses, we find that a broad spectrum of brain activation discriminates between the mental simulation of plogging versus running. Critically, we show that self-reported ratings of daily life running engagement and the quality of mental simulation (how well participants were able to imagine themselves running) modulate the brain reactivity to plogging versus running. Finally, we undertook functional connectivity analyses centered on the insular cortex, which is a key region in the dynamic interplay between neurocognitive processes. This analysis revealed increased positive and negative patterns of insular-centered functional connectivity in the plogging condition (as compared to the running condition), thereby confirming the key role of the insular cortex in action simulation involving complex sets of mental mechanisms. Taken together, the present findings provide new insights into the brain networks involved in the enactive mental simulation of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Philips
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital, UZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction MedicineLausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - James Madog Harris
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Ismael Muela
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC)University of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - İrem Tuğçe Öz
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 TeamUniversity of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Claus Vögele
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Damien Brevers
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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Wang Y, Zhu D, Zhao L, Wang X, Zhang Z, Hu B, Wu D, Zheng W. Profiling cortical morphometric similarity in perinatal brains: Insights from development, sex difference, and inter-individual variation. Neuroimage 2024; 295:120660. [PMID: 38815676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The topological organization of the macroscopic cortical networks important for the development of complex brain functions. However, how the cortical morphometric organization develops during the third trimester and whether it demonstrates sexual and individual differences at this particular stage remain unclear. Here, we constructed the morphometric similarity network (MSN) based on morphological and microstructural features derived from multimodal MRI of two independent cohorts (cross-sectional and longitudinal) scanned at 30-44 postmenstrual weeks (PMW). Sex difference and inter-individual variations of the MSN were also examined on these cohorts. The cross-sectional analysis revealed that both network integration and segregation changed in a nonlinear biphasic trajectory, which was supported by the results obtained from longitudinal analysis. The community structure showed remarkable consistency between bilateral hemispheres and maintained stability across PMWs. Connectivity within the primary cortex strengthened faster than that within high-order communities. Compared to females, male neonates showed a significant reduction in the participation coefficient within prefrontal and parietal cortices, while their overall network organization and community architecture remained comparable. Furthermore, by using the morphometric similarity as features, we achieved over 65 % accuracy in identifying an individual at term-equivalent age from images acquired after birth, and vice versa. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the development of morphometric similarity throughout the perinatal cortex, enhancing our understanding of the establishment of neuroanatomical organization during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dalin Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Zhang W, Fu W, Zhang Y. Association of Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Poor Collaterals with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Severe Vertebrobasilar Artery Stenosis. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:999-1007. [PMID: 39114550 PMCID: PMC11305839 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effect of stenosis of vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) on cognitive function is elusive. Objective To investigate association of cerebral hypoperfusion and poor collaterals with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in severe VBA stenosis patients. Methods We consecutively enrolled patients with severe VBA stenosis confirmed by digital subtraction angiography who underwent computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) and cognitive assessments. Patients were divided into poor or good collaterals groups according to the collateral circulation status, and were grouped into different perfusion groups according to CTP. Cognitive function was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Clock Drawing Test, Stroop Color Word Test, Trail Making Test, Digital Span Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Boston Naming Test scales. The association of cerebral perfusion and collaterals with VCI were explored. Results Among 88 eligible patients, VCI occurred in 51 (57.9%) patients experienced. Poor collateral was present in 73 (83.0%) patients, and hypoperfusion in 64 (72.7%). Compared with normal perfusion patients, the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for VCI was 12.5 (3.7-42.4) for overall hypoperfusion, 31.0 (7.1-135.5) for multiple site hypoperfusion, 3.3 (1.0-10.5) for poor collaterals, and 0.1 (0-0.6) for presence of posterior communicating artery (PcoA) compensated for posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and basilar artery (BA). Additionally, decreased scores of cognitive function tests occurred in patients with decompensated perfusion or poor collaterals. Conclusions Hypoperfusion and poor collaterals were positively associated with cognitive impairment in patients with severe VBA. However, PcoA compensated for the PCA and BA had a protective role in cognitive impairment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Fuxing Hospital, The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Fu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Keller TA, Mason RA, Legg AE, Just MA. The neural and cognitive basis of expository text comprehension. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2024; 9:21. [PMID: 38514702 PMCID: PMC10957871 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
As science and technology rapidly progress, it becomes increasingly important to understand how individuals comprehend expository technical texts that explain these advances. This study examined differences in individual readers' technical comprehension performance and differences among texts, using functional brain imaging to measure regional brain activity while students read passages on technical topics and then took a comprehension test. Better comprehension of the technical passages was related to higher activation in regions of the left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior parietal lobe, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral hippocampus. These areas are associated with the construction of a mental model of the passage and with the integration of new and prior knowledge in memory. Poorer comprehension of the passages was related to greater activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus, areas involved in autobiographical and episodic memory retrieval. More comprehensible passages elicited more brain activation associated with establishing links among different types of information in the text and activation associated with establishing conceptual coherence within the text representation. These findings converge with previous behavioral research in their implications for teaching technical learners to become better comprehenders and for improving the structure of instructional texts, to facilitate scientific and technological comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Keller
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Robert A Mason
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Aliza E Legg
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Marcel Adam Just
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Tung YH, Chang CY. How three-dimensional sketching environments affect spatial thinking: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of virtual reality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294451. [PMID: 38466671 PMCID: PMC10927127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Designers rely on sketching to visualize and refine their initial ideas, and virtual reality (VR) tools now facilitate sketching in immersive 3D environments. However, little research has been conducted on the differences in the visual and spatial processes involved in 3D versus 2D sketching and their effects on cognition. This study investigated potential differences in spatial and visual functions related to the use of 3D versus 2D sketching media by analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We recruited 20 healthy, right-handed students from the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture with at least three years of experience in freehand landscape drawing. Using an Oculus Quest VR headset controller and a 12.9-inch iPad Pro with an Apple Pencil, we tested participants individually with 3D and 2D sketching, respectively. When comparing 2D and 3D sketches, our fMRI results revealed significant differences in the activation of several brain regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus, both sides of the parietal lobe, and the left middle occipital gyrus. We also compared different sketching conditions, such as lines, geometrical objects (cube), and naturalistic objects (perspective view of a tree), and found significant differences in the spatial and visual recognition of brain areas that support visual recognition, composition, and spatial perception. This finding suggests that 3D sketching environments, such as VR, may activate more visual-spatial functions during sketching compared to 2D environments. The result highlights the potential of immersive sketching environments for design-related processes and spatial thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Tung
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bracken A, Hauss J, Grinshpun S, Lasc D, Hershkovich A, Yang Y. A profile of spatial abilities in people with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:223-236. [PMID: 38072820 PMCID: PMC10872588 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial abilities are fundamental cognitive abilities, have direct applications in daily life, serve as a cognitive foundation for many other complex skills and are used in many specialty jobs. The current study aimed to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the spatial abilities of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) relative to mental ability-matched typically developing (TD) children based on Newcombe and Shipley's double-dimension theoretical framework for classifying spatial abilities. METHODS Forty adolescents and young adults with DS and 40 TD children completed a nonverbal intelligence test (Raven's), two measures of static-extrinsic skills (water-level task and cart task), two measures of static-intrinsic skills (figure ground and form completion), two measures of dynamic-extrinsic skills (three mountains task and dog task) and two measures of dynamic-intrinsic spatial skills (mental rotation task and block design task). RESULTS Participants with DS showed reduced performance on two dynamic-intrinsic tasks and one static-extrinsic task (i.e. cart task) relative to TD children. Performances were similar in two dynamic-extrinsic tasks and two static-intrinsic tasks. Analyses of composite accuracy for each spatial category further confirmed deficits in dynamic-intrinsic and static-extrinsic categories for people with DS relative to TD children. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an uneven profile of spatial abilities in people with DS relative to ability-matched TD children with particular weaknesses in comprehending and manipulating dynamic-intrinsic and static-extrinsic spatial relations. Furthermore, our research has important clinical implications for more targeted interventions to improve spatial abilities in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bracken
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - J Hauss
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S Grinshpun
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - D Lasc
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - A Hershkovich
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Lin C, Liu D, Xiao L, Liu H, Wei X, Rong L. Altered parietal operculum cortex 2 functional connectivity in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients with residual dizziness: A resting-state fMRI study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14570. [PMID: 38421104 PMCID: PMC10850607 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate changes in functional connectivity (FC) focusing on parietal operculum cortex 2 (OP2) in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients with residual dizziness (RD) after successful canalith repositioning procedure (CRP). METHODS High-resolution three-dimensional T1 and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed on 55 healthy controls (HCs), 55 BPPV patients with RD, and 55 patients without RD after successful CRP. Seed-based (bilateral OP2) FC was calculated to investigate the changes in FC among the three groups. Additionally, we further explored the associations between abnormal FC and clinical symptoms. RESULTS One-way analysis of covariance showed significant FC differences among the three groups. Post-hoc analysis showed that patients with RD exhibited decreased FC between left OP2 and regions of left angular gyrus (AG), thalamus, precuneus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and right cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) in comparison with HCs. In addition, compared with patients without RD, patients with RD showed decreased FC between left OP2 and regions of left MFG, AG, middle temporal gyrus, and right CPL. Moreover, in patients with RD, the FC between left thalamus and OP2 was negatively correlated with duration of RD, and the FC between left AG and OP2 was negatively correlated with duration of BPPV. CONCLUSION BPPV patients with RD showed reduced FC between brain regions involved in vestibular processing and spatial cognition; These results suggested that BPPV patients with RD might have diminished central processing of vestibular information and impaired spatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yueji Liu
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Cunxin Lin
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Xiu‐e Wei
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Liangqun Rong
- Department of NeurologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Tyborowska A, Wegman J, Janzen G. Bilingual Spatial Cognition: Spatial Cue Use in Bilinguals and Monolinguals. Brain Sci 2024; 14:134. [PMID: 38391709 PMCID: PMC10887090 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural plasticity changes and functional differences in executive control tasks have been reported in bilinguals compared to monolinguals, supporting a proposed bilingual 'advantage' in executive control functions (e.g., task switching) due to continual usage of control mechanisms that inhibit one of the coexisting languages. However, it remains unknown whether these differences are also apparent in the spatial domain. The present fMRI study explores the use of spatial cues in 15 bilinguals and 14 monolinguals while navigating in an open-field virtual environment. In each trial, participants had to navigate towards a target object that was visible during encoding but hidden in retrieval. An extensive network was activated in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in the encoding and retrieval phase. During encoding, bilinguals activated the right temporal and left parietal regions (object trials) and left inferior frontal, precentral, and lingual regions more than monolinguals. During retrieval, the same contrasts activated the left caudate nucleus and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the left parahippocampal gyrus, as well as caudate regions. These results suggest that bilinguals may recruit neural networks known to subserve not only executive control processes but also spatial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tyborowska
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Wegman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Janzen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wu H, Fan S, Yan C, Wang H. Cortical microstructural brain network mediates the association between personality trait of agreeableness and life satisfaction. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad410. [PMID: 37948663 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality traits are commonly regarded as relatively stable, whereas life satisfaction can fluctuate with time and circumstances, shaped by external influences and personal encounters. The correlation between personality traits and life satisfaction is well-established, yet the underlying neural mechanisms of the myelin-based microstructural brain network connecting them remain unclear. Here, we constructed individual-level whole-brain myelin microstructural networks from the MRI data of 1,043 healthy adults and performed correlation analysis to detect significant personality trait-related and life satisfaction-related subnetworks. A mediation analysis was used to verify whether the shared structural basis of personality traits and life satisfaction significantly mediated their association. The results showed that agreeableness positively correlated with life satisfaction. We identified a shared structural basis of the personality trait of agreeableness and life satisfaction. The regions comprising this overlapping network include the superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, and temporoparietal junction. Moreover, the shared microstructural connections mediate the association between the personality trait of agreeableness and life satisfaction. This large-scale neuroimaging investigation substantiates a mediation framework for understanding the microstructural connections between personality and life satisfaction, offering potential targets for assessment and interventions to promote human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shijia Fan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences & Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuyao Yan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 200097, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Wang Y, Guo L, Wang R, Wang Y, Duan F, Zhan Y, Cheng J, Sun X, Tang Z. Abnormal Topological Organization of White Matter Structural Networks in Normal Tension Glaucoma Revealed via Diffusion Tensor Tractography. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1597. [PMID: 38002558 PMCID: PMC10669977 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is considered a neurodegenerative disease with glaucomatous damage extending to diffuse brain areas. Therefore, this study aims to explore the abnormalities in the NTG structural network to help in the early diagnosis and course evaluation of NTG. METHODS The structural networks of 46 NTG patients and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were constructed using diffusion tensor imaging, followed by graph theory analysis and correlation analysis of small-world properties with glaucoma clinical indicators. In addition, the network-based statistical analysis (NBS) method was used to compare structural network connectivity differences between NTG patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Structural brain networks in both NTG and NC groups exhibited small-world properties. However, the small-world index in the severe NTG group was reduced and correlated with a mean deviation of the visual field (MDVF) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. When compared to healthy controls, degree centrality and nodal efficiency in visual brain areas were significantly decreased, and betweenness centrality and nodal local efficiency in both visual and nonvisual brain areas were also significantly altered in NTG patients (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Furthermore, NTG patients exhibited increased structural connectivity in the occipitotemporal area, with the left fusiform gyrus (FFG.L) as the hub (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS NTG exhibited altered global properties and local properties of visual and cognitive-emotional brain areas, with enhanced structural connections within the occipitotemporal area. Moreover, the disrupted small-world properties of white matter might be imaging biomarkers for assessing NTG progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China (F.D.)
| | - Linying Guo
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China (F.D.)
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Fei Duan
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China (F.D.)
| | - Yang Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Jingfeng Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China (F.D.)
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China (F.D.)
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Doganci N, Iannotti GR, Coll SY, Ptak R. How embodied is cognition? fMRI and behavioral evidence for common neural resources underlying motor planning and mental rotation of bodily stimuli. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11146-11156. [PMID: 37804243 PMCID: PMC10687356 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging shows that dorsal frontoparietal regions exhibit conjoint activity during various motor and cognitive tasks. However, it is unclear whether these regions serve several, computationally independent functions, or underlie a motor "core process" that is reused to serve higher-order functions. We hypothesized that mental rotation capacity relies on a phylogenetically older motor process that is rooted within these areas. This hypothesis entails that neural and cognitive resources recruited during motor planning predict performance in seemingly unrelated mental rotation tasks. To test this hypothesis, we first identified brain regions associated with motor planning by measuring functional activations to internally-triggered vs externally-triggered finger presses in 30 healthy participants. Internally-triggered finger presses yielded significant activations in parietal, premotor, and occipitotemporal regions. We then asked participants to perform two mental rotation tasks outside the scanner, consisting of hands or letters as stimuli. Parietal and premotor activations were significant predictors of individual reaction times when mental rotation involved hands. We found no association between motor planning and performance in mental rotation of letters. Our results indicate that neural resources in parietal and premotor cortex recruited during motor planning also contribute to mental rotation of bodily stimuli, suggesting a common core component underlying both capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Doganci
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giannina Rita Iannotti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sélim Yahia Coll
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Tamada T, Enatsu R, Saito T, Chiba R, Kanno A, Mikuni N. Visual networks: Electric brain stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:882-893. [PMID: 37088608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the networks of visual functional areas using electric brain stimulation (EBS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS Thirteen patients with intractable focal epilepsy in which visual functional areas were identified by EBS were enrolled. An electric stimulation at 50Hz was applied to electrodes during several tasks. DTI was used to identify subcortical fibers originating from the visual functional areas identified by EBS. RESULT The electrical stimulation induced three types of visual symptoms: visual illusions (change of vision), visual hallucinations (appearance of a new object), and blurred vision. Visual illusions were associated with stimulation of lateral temporo-parieto-occipital areas, and visual hallucinations with stimulation of lateral/basal temporal areas, the occipital lobe and the precuneus. Stimulus intensities eliciting visual illusions were significantly higher than those for visual hallucinations. Tractography revealed that the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus was associated with visual illusions and the middle longitudinal fasciculus with visual hallucinations, and both symptoms shared several subcortical fibers such as the vertical occipital fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, optic radiations, and commissural fibers. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the characteristic cortical regions and networks of visual functional areas. The results obtained provide information on human visual functions and are a practical guide for electrical cortical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Tamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rei Enatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Chiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Kanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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13
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Song Y, Shin W, Kim P, Jeong J. Neural representations for multi-context visuomotor adaptation and the impact of common representation on multi-task performance: a multivariate decoding approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1221944. [PMID: 37822708 PMCID: PMC10562562 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1221944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain's remarkable motor adaptability stems from the formation of context representations and the use of a common context representation (e.g., an invariant task structure across task contexts) derived from structural learning. However, direct evaluation of context representations and structural learning in sensorimotor tasks remains limited. This study aimed to rigorously distinguish neural representations of visual, movement, and context levels crucial for multi-context visuomotor adaptation and investigate the association between representation commonality across task contexts and adaptation performance using multivariate decoding analysis with fMRI data. Here, we focused on three distinct task contexts, two of which share a rotation structure (i.e., visuomotor rotation contexts with -90° and +90° rotations, in which the mouse cursor's movement was rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise and clockwise relative to the hand-movement direction, respectively) and the remaining one does not (i.e., mirror-reversal context where the horizontal movement of the computer mouse was inverted). This study found that visual representations (i.e., visual direction) were decoded in the occipital area, while movement representations (i.e., hand-movement direction) were decoded across various visuomotor-related regions. These findings are consistent with prior research and the widely recognized roles of those areas. Task-context representations (i.e., either -90° rotation, +90° rotation, or mirror-reversal) were also distinguishable in various brain regions. Notably, these regions largely overlapped with those encoding visual and movement representations. This overlap suggests a potential intricate dependency of encoding visual and movement directions on the context information. Moreover, we discovered that higher task performance is associated with task-context representation commonality, as evidenced by negative correlations between task performance and task-context-decoding accuracy in various brain regions, potentially supporting structural learning. Importantly, despite limited similarities between tasks (e.g., rotation and mirror-reversal contexts), such association was still observed, suggesting an efficient mechanism in the brain that extracts commonalities from different task contexts (such as visuomotor rotations or mirror-reversal) at multiple structural levels, from high-level abstractions to lower-level details. In summary, while illuminating the intricate interplay between visuomotor processing and context information, our study highlights the efficiency of learning mechanisms, thereby paving the way for future exploration of the brain's versatile motor ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjo Song
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wooree Shin
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Pyeongsoo Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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14
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Dong L, Fan X, Fan Y, Li X, Li H, Zhou J. Impairments to the multisensory integration brain regions during migraine chronification: correlation with the vestibular dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1153641. [PMID: 37465368 PMCID: PMC10350528 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1153641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Migraine is often combined with vestibular dysfunction, particularly in patients with chronic migraine (CM). However, the pathogenesis of migraine chronification leading to vestibular dysfunction is not fully understood. The current study investigated whether structural or functional impairments to the brain during migraine chronification could be associated with vestibular dysfunction development. Methods The eligible participants underwent clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) determined structural impairment by evaluating alterations in gray matter volume (GMV). Functional impairment was assessed by the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF). Furthermore, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of regions possessing impairment was examined with a seed-based approach. We also analyzed the correlations between altered neuroimaging features with clinical variables and performed multiple linear regression. Results Eighteen CM patients, 18 episodic migraine (EM) patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. A one-way ANOVA indicated the group differences in mALFF. These were located within right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), left angular gyrus (AG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), right rolandic operculum (Rol) and left superior parietal gyrus (SPG). During rsFC analysis, the CM group had more enhanced rsFC of left SPG with left MOG than the EM and HC groups. The EM group revealed enhanced rsFC of left SPG with left AG than the CM and HC groups. In multiple linear regression, after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI) and disease duration, the rsFC of left SPG with left MOG (β = 48.896, p = 0.021) was found to predict the total Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score with an explained variance of 25.1%. Moreover, the rsFC of left SPG with left MOG (β = 1.253, p = 0.003) and right SMG (β = -1.571, p = 0.049) were significant predictors of migraine frequency, accounting for a total explained variance of 73.8%. Conclusion The functional impairments due to migraine chronification are primarily concentrated in the multisensory integration-related brain regions. Additionally, the rsFC of SPG with MOG can predict the frequency of migraine and the degree of vestibular dysfunction. Therefore, these neuroimaging features could be potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets for developing vestibular dysfunction in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Hospice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximao Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Yamanbaeva G, Schaub AC, Schneider E, Schweinfurth N, Kettelhack C, Doll JPK, Mählmann L, Brand S, Beglinger C, Borgwardt S, Lang UE, Schmidt A. Effects of a probiotic add-on treatment on fronto-limbic brain structure, function, and perfusion in depression: Secondary neuroimaging findings of a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:529-538. [PMID: 36610592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are suggested to improve depressive symptoms via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. We have recently shown a beneficial clinical effect of probiotic supplementation in patients with depression. Their underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS A multimodal neuroimaging approach including diffusion tensor imaging, resting-state functional MRI, and arterial spin labeling was used to investigate the effects of a four-weeks probiotic supplementation on fronto-limbic brain structure, function, and perfusion and whether these effects were related to symptom changes. RESULTS Thirty-two patients completed both imaging assessments (18 placebo and 14 probiotics group). Probiotics maintained mean diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus, stabilized it in the right uncinate fasciculus, and altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between limbic structures and the temporal pole to a cluster in the precuneus. Moreover, a cluster in the left superior parietal lobule showed altered rsFC to the subcallosal cortex, the left orbitofrontal cortex, and limbic structures after probiotics. In the probiotics group, structural and functional changes were partly related to decreases in depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS This study has a rather small sample size. An additional follow-up MRI session would be interesting for seeing clearer changes in the relevant brain regions as clinical effects were strongest in the follow-up. CONCLUSION Probiotic supplementation is suggested to prevent neuronal degeneration along the uncinate fasciculus and alter fronto-limbic rsFC, effects that are partly related to the improvement of depressive symptoms. Elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying probiotics' clinical effects on depression provide potential targets for the development of more precise probiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Else Schneider
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Schweinfurth
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Kettelhack
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica P K Doll
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mählmann
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.
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Rai B, Naylor P, Sanchez MS, Wintermark M, Raman M, Jo B, Reiss A, Green T. Novel effects of Ras-MAPK pathogenic variants on the developing human brain and their link to gene expression and inhibition abilities. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2580911. [PMID: 36865206 PMCID: PMC9980214 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2580911/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The RASopathies are genetic syndromes associated with pathogenic variants causing dysregulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK) pathway, essential for brain development, and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, the effects of most pathogenic variants on the human brain are unknown. We examined: 1. How Ras-MAPK activating variants of PTPN11 / SOS1 protein-coding genes affect brain anatomy. 2. The relationship between PTPN11 gene expression levels and brain anatomy, and 3. The relevance of subcortical anatomy to attention and memory skills affected in the RASopathies. We collected structural brain MRI and cognitive-behavioral data from 40 pre-pubertal children with Noonan syndrome (NS), caused by PTPN11 ( n = 30) or SOS1 ( n = 10) variants (age 8.53 ± 2.15, 25 females), and compared them to 40 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls (9.24 ± 1.62, 27 females). We identified widespread effects of NS on cortical and subcortical volumes and on determinants of cortical gray matter volume, surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT). In NS, we observed smaller volumes of bilateral striatum, precentral gyri, and primary visual area ( d 's<-0.8), and extensive effects on SA ( d 's>|0.8|) and CT ( d 's>|0.5|) relative to controls. Further, SA effects were associated with increasing PTPN11 gene expression, most prominently in the temporal lobe. Lastly, PTPN11 variants disrupted normative relationships between the striatum and inhibition functioning. We provide evidence for effects of Ras-MAPK pathogenic variants on striatal and cortical anatomy as well as links between PTPN11 gene expression and cortical SA increases, and striatal volume and inhibition skills. These findings provide essential translational information on the Ras-MAPK pathway's effect on human brain development and function.
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Correspondence between cognitive and neural representations for phonology, orthography, and semantics in supramarginal compared to angular gyrus. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:255-271. [PMID: 36326934 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The angular and supramarginal gyri (AG and SMG) together constitute the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and have been associated with cognitive functions that support reading. How those functions are distributed across the AG and SMG is a matter of debate, the resolution of which is hampered by inconsistencies across stereotactic atlases provided by the major brain image analysis software packages. Schematic results from automated meta-analyses suggest primarily semantic (word meaning) processing in the left AG, with more spatial overlap among phonological (auditory word form), orthographic (visual word form), and semantic processing in the left SMG. To systematically test for correspondence between patterns of neural activation and phonological, orthographic, and semantic representations, we re-analyze a functional magnetic resonance imaging data set of participants reading aloud 465 words. Using representational similarity analysis, we test the hypothesis that within cytoarchitecture-defined subregions of the IPL, phonological representations are primarily associated with the SMG, while semantic representations are primarily associated with the AG. To the extent that orthographic representations can be de-correlated from phonological representations, they will be associated with cortex peripheral to the IPL, such as the intraparietal sulcus. Results largely confirmed these hypotheses, with some nuanced exceptions, which we discuss in terms of neurally inspired computational cognitive models of reading that learn mappings among distributed representations for orthography, phonology, and semantics. De-correlating constituent representations making up complex cognitive processes, such as reading, by careful selection of stimuli, representational formats, and analysis techniques, are promising approaches for bringing additional clarity to brain structure-function relationships.
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18
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Shi C, Yan L, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Peng F, Yan F. Emergency Braking Evoked Brain Activities during Distracted Driving. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9564. [PMID: 36502266 PMCID: PMC9736420 DOI: 10.3390/s22239564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to analyze the mechanisms and differences in brain neural activity of drivers in visual, auditory, and cognitive distracted vs. normal driving emergency braking conditions. A pedestrian intrusion emergency braking stimulus module and three distraction subtasks were designed in a simulated experiment, and 30 subjects participated in the study. The common activated brain regions during emergency braking in different distracted driving states included the inferior temporal gyrus, associated with visual information processing and attention; the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, related to cognitive decision-making; and the postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, and paracentral lobule associated with motor control and coordination. When performing emergency braking under different driving distraction states, the brain regions were activated in accordance with the need to process the specific distraction task. Furthermore, the extent and degree of activation of cognitive function-related prefrontal regions increased accordingly with the increasing task complexity. All distractions caused a lag in emergency braking reaction time, with 107.22, 67.15, and 126.38 ms for visual, auditory, and cognitive distractions, respectively. Auditory distraction had the least effect and cognitive distraction the greatest effect on the lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lirong Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fumin Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuwu Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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Barker MS, Cosentino SA, Fremont R, Devanand DP, Huey ED. Towards Defining the Neuroanatomical Basis of Late-Onset Psychiatric Symptoms. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:751-762. [PMID: 35380884 PMCID: PMC11270909 DOI: 10.1177/08919887221090213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms, including changes in emotional processing, are a common feature of many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy Bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's disease. However, the neuroanatomical basis of emotional symptoms is not well defined; this stands in contrast to the relatively well-understood neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive and motor symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, psychiatric diagnostic categories, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), may have limited applicability in patients with late-onset psychiatric symptoms in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. In this clinical review, we suggest that early-onset and late-onset psychiatric symptoms have distinct etiologies, and that late-onset changes in emotional processing are likely underpinned by neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, we suggest that an improved understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of emotional changes in neurodegenerative disease may facilitate diagnosis and future treatment development. Finally, we propose a novel clinical approach, in a preliminary attempt to incorporate late-onset emotional symptoms alongside cognitive and motor symptoms into a clinical "algorithm," with a focus on the neuroanatomy implicated when particular combinations of emotional, cognitive, and motor features are present. We anticipate that this clinical approach will assist with the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, and our proposed schema represents a move towards integrating neurologic and psychiatric classification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Barker
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Fremont
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward D. Huey
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Menéndez Granda M, Iannotti GR, Darqué A, Ptak R. Does mental rotation emulate motor processes? An electrophysiological study of objects and body parts. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:983137. [PMID: 36304589 PMCID: PMC9592819 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.983137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several arguments suggest that motor planning may share embodied neural mechanisms with mental rotation (MR). However, it is not well established whether this overlap occurs regardless of the type of stimulus that is manipulated, in particular manipulable or non-manipulable objects and body parts. We here used high-density electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the cognitive similarity between MR of objects that do not afford specific hand actions (chairs) and bodily stimuli (hands). Participants had identical response options for both types of stimuli, and they gave responses orally in order to prevent possible interference with motor imagery. MR of hands and chairs generated very similar behavioral responses, time-courses and neural sources of evoked-response potentials (ERPs). ERP segmentation analysis revealed distinct time windows during which differential effects of stimulus type and angular disparity were observed. An early period (90-160 ms) differentiated only between stimulus types, and was associated with occipito-temporal activity. A later period (290-330 ms) revealed strong effects of angular disparity, associated with electrical sources in the right angular gyrus and primary motor/somatosensory cortex. These data suggest that spatial transformation processes and motor planning are recruited simultaneously, supporting the involvement of motor emulation processes in MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menéndez Granda
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giannina Rita Iannotti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Foundation for Innovation and Training in Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Darqué
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ahulló-Fuster MA, Ortiz T, Varela-Donoso E, Nacher J, Sánchez-Sánchez ML. The Parietal Lobe in Alzheimer’s Disease and Blindness. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1193-1202. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The progressive aging of the population will notably increase the burden of those diseases which leads to a disabling situation, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ophthalmological diseases that cause a visual impairment (VI). Eye diseases that cause a VI raise neuroplastic processes in the parietal lobe. Meanwhile, the aforementioned lobe suffers a severe decline throughout AD. From this perspective, diving deeper into the particularities of the parietal lobe is of paramount importance. In this article, we discuss the functions of the parietal lobe, review the parietal anatomical and pathophysiological peculiarities in AD, and also describe some of the changes in the parietal region that occur after VI. Although the alterations in the hippocampus and the temporal lobe have been well documented in AD, the alterations of the parietal lobe have been less thoroughly explored. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed that some metabolic and perfusion impairments along with a reduction of the white and grey matter could take place in the parietal lobe during AD. Conversely, it has been speculated that blinding ocular diseases induce a remodeling of the parietal region which is observable through the improvement of the integration of multimodal stimuli and in the increase of the volume of this cortical region. Based on current findings concerning the parietal lobe in both pathologies, we hypothesize that the increased activity of the parietal lobe in people with VI may diminish the neurodegeneration of this brain region in those who are visually impaired by oculardiseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Alba Ahulló-Fuster
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Ortiz
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Varela-Donoso
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Luz Sánchez-Sánchez
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Imaoka Y, Hauri L, Flury A, de Bruin ED. Linking cognitive functioning and postural balance control through virtual reality environmental manipulations. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:954050. [PMID: 36118684 PMCID: PMC9476829 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.954050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is becoming a relevant problem worldwide. A simple screening at an early stage will be important to detect the risk of developing dementia. Vestibular dysfunction is likely to be associated with cognitive impairment. Since head-mounted display (HMD) virtual reality (VR) technology has the potential to activate the vestibular function, assessing postural sway with visual stimulation using HMD VR technology could be potentially useful for dementia screening. Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of HMD-based VR visual stimuli on posture in older adults and the relationship between the stimulated body sway behaviors and cognitive performance. Method Using a cross-sectional study design, we investigated the effect of an optokinetic design-based room with stripes (OKR) VR environment oscillating forwards and backwards at 23/60Hz. Center of pressure (COP) displacement was measured in older adults aged 65 years and over in the OKR VR environment. The frequency response of COP was compared to the cognitive performance of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results 20 healthy older adults (70.4 ± 4.9 years; 27.2 ± 1.6 MoCA score) and 3 people with mild cognitive impairment (74.7 ± 4.0 years; 20.3 ± 2.1 MoCA score) were assessed. The results reveal that the oscillating OKR VR environment induced different postural sway in the anterior-posterior direction in the real world. Correlation analysis shows that the cognitive test score was associated with the frequency response of stimulated postural sway in the anterior-posterior direction (frequency Band 1 of 0−0.5Hz related to the visual and vestibular systems: rs = 0.45, P = 0.03). Conclusion Outcomes would suggest that a potential link may emerge between cognition and posture when the HMD-based VR visual stimuli are applied. The simple screening of stimulated postural sway could explain cognitive functioning. Further studies are warranted to clarify the vestibular system and spatial cognitive function more specifically in the proposed assessment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Imaoka
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Yu Imaoka
| | - Laura Hauri
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andri Flury
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health Professions, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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23
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Chang DHF, Thinnes D, Au PY, Maziero D, Stenger VA, Sinnett S, Vibell J. Sound-modulations of visual motion perception implicate the cortico-vestibular brain. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119285. [PMID: 35537600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely used example of the intricate (yet poorly understood) intertwining of multisensory signals in the brain is the audiovisual bounce inducing effect (ABE). This effect presents two identical objects moving along the azimuth with uniform motion and towards opposite directions. The perceptual interpretation of the motion is ambiguous and is modulated if a transient (sound) is presented in coincidence with the point of overlap of the two objects' motion trajectories. This phenomenon has long been written-off to simple attentional or decision-making mechanisms, although the neurological underpinnings for the effect are not well understood. Using behavioural metrics concurrently with event-related fMRI, we show that sound-induced modulations of motion perception can be further modulated by changing motion dynamics of the visual targets. The phenomenon engages the posterior parietal cortex and the parieto-insular-vestibular cortical complex, with a close correspondence of activity in these regions with behaviour. These findings suggest that the insular cortex is engaged in deriving a probabilistic perceptual solution through the integration of multisensory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorita H F Chang
- Department of Psychology and The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - David Thinnes
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Hawaii, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Systems Neuroscience & Neurotechnology Unit, Saarland University & HTW Saar, Germany
| | - Pak Yam Au
- Department of Psychology and The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Danilo Maziero
- Department of Medicine, MR Research Program, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, HI, USA
| | - Victor Andrew Stenger
- Department of Medicine, MR Research Program, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, HI, USA
| | - Scott Sinnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jonas Vibell
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Hawaii, USA.
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24
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De Havas J, Ito S, Bestmann S, Gomi H. Neural dynamics of illusory tactile pulling sensations. iScience 2022; 25:105018. [PMID: 36105590 PMCID: PMC9464957 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional tactile pulling sensations are integral to everyday life, but their neural mechanisms remain unknown. Prior accounts hold that primary somatosensory (SI) activity is sufficient to generate pulling sensations, with alternative proposals suggesting that amodal frontal or parietal regions may be critical. We combined high-density EEG with asymmetric vibration, which creates an illusory pulling sensation, thereby unconfounding pulling sensations from unrelated sensorimotor processes. Oddballs that created opposite direction pulls to common stimuli were compared to the same oddballs after neutral common stimuli (symmetric vibration) and to neutral oddballs. We found evidence against the sensory-frontal N140 and in favor of the midline P200 tracking the emergence of pulling sensations, specifically contralateral parietal lobe activity 264-320ms, centered on the intraparietal sulcus. This suggests that SI is not sufficient to generate pulling sensations, which instead depend on the parietal association cortex, and may reflect the extraction of orientation information and related spatial processing. Tactile pulling sensations are difficult to isolate in the human brain Illusory pulls from asymmetric vibration allow neural activity to be isolated Pulling sensations are driven by parietal lobe activity 264-320ms post-stimulus Spatial processing in the parietal lobe may be essential for pulling sensations
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25
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The structural changes of gray matter in Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairments. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269787. [PMID: 35857782 PMCID: PMC9299333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with cognitive impairments. However, the underlying neural mechanism of cognitive impairments in PD is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the anatomic alternations of gray matter in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their associations with neurocognitive measurements.
Methods
T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 23 PD patients with MCI, 23 PD patients without MCI, and 23 matched healthy controls. The MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surfaced-based morphometry (SBM) methods to assess the structural changes in gray matter volume and cortical thickness respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to examine the diagnostic accuracies of the indexes of interest. The correlations between the structural metrics and neurocognitive assessments (e.g., Montreal cognitive assessment, MOCA; Mini-mental state examination, MMSE) were further examined.
Results
PD patients with MCI showed reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal cortex (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus) and extended to insula as well as cerebellum compared with the healthy controls and PD patients without MIC. Thinner of cortical thickens in the temporal lobe (e.g., left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus) extending to parietal cortex (e.g., precuneus) were found in the PD patients with MCI relative to the healthy controls and PD patients without MCI.ROC analysis indicated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values in the frontal, temporal, and subcortical structures (e.g., insula and cerebellum) could differentiate the PD patients with MCI and without MCI and healthy controls. Furthermore, GMV of the right middle frontal gyrus and cortical thickness of the right superior temporal gyrus were correlated with neurocognitive dysfunctions (e.g., MOCA and MMSE) in PD patients with MCI.
Conclusion
This study provided further evidence that PD with MCI was associated with structural alternations of brain. Morphometric analysis focusing on the cortical and subcortical regions could be biomarkers of cognitive impairments in PD patients.
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26
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Wang Y, Huang X, Feng Y, Luo Q, He Y, Guo Q, Feng Y, Wang H, Yin S. Resting-State Electroencephalography and P300 Evidence: Age-Related Vestibular Loss as a Risk Factor Contributes to Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1107-1121. [PMID: 35213376 PMCID: PMC9108596 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there have been several meaningful advances in the understanding of the cognitive effects of vestibular loss. However, there has not yet been an investigation exploring the early biomarkers of preclinical cognitive decline in individuals with age-related vestibular loss. Objective: We aim to explore the “early biomarkers” of preclinical cognitive decline based on altered cortical activity (resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and P300) with a multichannel EEG system in individuals with age-related vestibular loss. Method: This is a case-control study. A total of 21 patients with age-related vestibular loss (66.50±5.79 years, 13 [62% ] females), 19 patients with cognitive decline (68.42±5.82 years, 13 [68% ] females), and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, audio-vestibular evaluations, resting-state EEG and P300 recordings. Results: Significant visuo-spatial, executive, and attention hypofunction were observed in the age-related vestibular group, reflected by decreased subscale scores. Reduced gamma functional connectivity between the right cuneus (Brodmann area 19, BA19) and the left superior parietal gyrus (BA7) was observed in both the age-related vestibular group and the cognitive impairment group. Smaller P300 amplitudes were observed in the age-related vestibular group (1.43±3.69μV) and cognitive impairment group (1.15±4.24μV) than in the healthy control group (3.97±2.38μV). Conclusion: Decreased P300 amplitude and functional connectivity between the right BA19 and the left BA7 were “early biomarkers” observed in individuals with age-related vestibular loss; these biomarkers may contribute to visuospatial, executive, and attention hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueting Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemeng He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
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27
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The structure of the superior and inferior parietal lobes predicts inter-individual suitability for virtual reality. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23688. [PMID: 34880322 PMCID: PMC8654954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global virtual reality (VR) market is significantly expanding and being challenged with an increased demand owing to COVID-19. Unfortunately, VR is not useful for everyone due to large interindividual variability existing in VR suitability. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we obtained neural structural and functional data from the participants using 3T magnetic resonance imaging. The participants completed one of two tasks (sports training or cognitive task) using VR, which differed in the time scale (months/minutes) and domain (motor learning/attention task). Behavioral results showed that some participants improved their motor skills in the real world after 1-month training in the virtual space or obtained high scores in the 3D attention task (high suitability for VR), whereas others did not (low suitability for VR). Brain structure analysis revealed that the structural properties of the superior and inferior parietal lobes contain information that can predict an individual’s suitability for VR.
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28
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Pantsar M. On the development of geometric cognition: Beyond nature vs. nurture. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2021.2014441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pantsar
- Department of Philosophy, History and Art Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- KHK Kolleg Cultures of Research, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Chiasson C, Moorman J, Romano E, Vezarov M, Cameron A, Smith A. The influence of emotion on working memory: Exploratory fMRI findings among men with histories of childhood sexual abuse. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105340. [PMID: 34571357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment can have detrimental consequences on individual well-being and cognitive functioning. One type of childhood maltreatment that remains stigmatized and under-researched among men is child sexual abuse (CSA). Research examining the neurophysiological consequences of CSA in males is limited even further. OBJECTIVE To provide preliminary insight into the neural basis of the impact of CSA during two working memory tasks. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Men with CSA histories, with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; CSA + PTSD n = 7, mean age = 45; CSA-PTSD; n = 9, mean age = 41), and men without a CSA history nor PTSD (n = 13, mean age = 36) participated in the study at a local hospital. METHODS Participants completed a letter n-back task and an emotional picture n-back task during fMRI to measure working memory and the influence of emotion on working memory. They also completed self-report measures to assess mental health and childhood abuse histories. RESULTS In the letter n-back task, men with CSA + PTSD had less activation in the cerebellum and left fusiform gyrus compared to CSA-PTSD men. During the working memory task with negative emotional pictures the control group had greater frontal activation, while the CSA-PTSD group had greater limbic activation. Analyses were performed with independent-samples t-tests. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary empirical evidence of the impact CSA can have on men regarding working memory when negative stimuli are involved. It highlights that CSA, even without a diagnosis of PTSD, can have a significant neurophysiological impact. It also provides clinicians with information to support well-being and help with potential day to day challenges.
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30
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Kobayashi Y, Morizumi T, Nagamatsu K, Shimizu Y, Kamiya K, Sasaki T, Sato A. Persistent Working Memory Impairment Associated with Cerebral Infarction in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Case Report and a Literature Review. Intern Med 2021; 60:3473-3476. [PMID: 33994436 PMCID: PMC8627815 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6927-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 52-year-old man experienced sudden-onset global amnesia and left limb ataxia. An embolism of the right anterior cerebral artery resulted in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) infarction, and working memory dysfunction persisted. The ACC, prefrontal cortex, and bilateral superior parietal lobule exhibited decreased activity on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The ACC handles working memory formation and is essential for the executive function. The areas showing a decreased activity on SPECT were responsible for the working memory, which corresponded to the observed symptoms. This is the first case in which limited ACC infarction resulted in permanent working memory dysfunction, and SPECT revealed the decreasing working memory in the associated region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tetsuo Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ina Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ina Central Hospital, Japan
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31
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Hou X, Xiao X, Gong Y, Li Z, Chen A, Zhu C. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neurofeedback Enhances Human Spatial Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:681193. [PMID: 34658812 PMCID: PMC8511425 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.681193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory is an important cognitive function for human daily life and may present dysfunction or decline due to aging or clinical diseases. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy neurofeedback (fNIRS-NFB) is a promising neuromodulation technique with several special advantages that can be used to improve human cognitive functions by manipulating the neural activity of targeted brain regions or networks. In this pilot study, we intended to test the feasibility of fNIRS-NFB to enhance human spatial memory ability. The lateral parietal cortex, an accessible cortical region in the posterior medial hippocampal-cortical network that plays a crucial role in human spatial memory processing, was selected as the potential feedback target. A placebo-controlled fNIRS-NFB experiment was conducted to instruct individuals to regulate the neural activity in this region or an irrelevant control region. Experimental results showed that individuals learned to up-regulate the neural activity in the region of interest successfully. A significant increase in spatial memory performance was found after 8-session neurofeedback training in the experimental group but not in the control group. Furthermore, neurofeedback-induced neural activation increase correlated with spatial memory improvement. In summary, this study preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of fNIRS-NFB to improve human spatial memory and has important implications for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaozhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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32
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Kim HE, Kwon JH, Kim JJ. Neural Correlates of Garment Fit and Purchase Intention in the Consumer Decision-Making Process and the Influence of Product Presentation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:609004. [PMID: 34447291 PMCID: PMC8384177 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.609004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In today’s competitive e-commerce markets, it is crucial to promote product satisfaction and to quickly identify purchase intention in decision-making consumers. The present investigation examined the relationship between perceived garment fit and purchase intention, together with how product presentation methods (mannequin versus self-model) contribute to decision-making processes of clothing. Thirty-nine female volunteers were scanned using fMRI while performing an online shopping task. In Part 1, univariate analysis was conducted between garment fit and product presentation factors to assess their effects on purchase deliberation. In Part 2, univariate, multivariate pattern, and psychophysiological interaction analyses were carried out to examine the predictive ability of fit evaluation and product presentation on purchase intention. First, garment fit × product presentation interaction effects on purchase deliberation were observed in the frontopolar cortex, superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. Part 2 demonstrated neural signals of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, fusiform gyrus, and insula to distinguish subsequent purchase intentions. Overall, the findings denote directed exploration, visual and action processing as key neural processes in decision-making that uniquely reflect garment fit and product presentation type during purchase deliberation. Additionally, with respect to the effects of purchase intention on product evaluation, the evidence conveys that mental interactions with products and social cognition are fundamental processes that capture subsequent purchase intention at the product evaluation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kwon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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von Söhsten Lins EMD, Bittar RSM, Bazán PR, Amaro Júnior E, Staab JP. Cerebral Responses to Stationary Emotional Stimuli Measured by fMRI in Women with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 25:e355-e364. [PMID: 34377168 PMCID: PMC8321645 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional vestibular disorder characterized by chronic dizziness, unsteadiness, and hypersensitivity to motion. Preexisting anxiety disorders and neurotic personality traits confer vulnerability to PPPD. High anxiety during acute vertigo or dizziness incites it. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of chronic subjective dizziness found unexpectedly hypoactive responses to vestibular stimulation in cortical regions that integrate threat assessment and spatial perception.
Objective
This fMRI study used non-moving, but emotionally charged visual stimuli to investigate the brain's activity of PPPD patients and control subjects.
Methods
The participants included 16 women with PPPD and 16 age-matched women who recovered completely from acute episodes of vertigo or dizziness capable of triggering PPPD. Brain responses to positive, neutral, and negative figures from the International Affective Picture System were measured with fMRI and compared between the groups. Dizziness handicap, anxiety, and depression were assessed with validated questionnaires.
Results
Between group analyses: Participants with PPPD showed reduced activity in anterior cingulate cortex and increased activity in left angular gyrus in response to negative versus positive stimuli, which was not observed in recovered individuals. Within group analyses: Participants with PPPD had increased activity in visuospatial areas (parahippocampal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus) in negative versus positive and negative versus neutral contrasts, whereas recovered individuals had increased activity in anxiety regions (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex).
Conclusion
Patients with PPPD may be more attuned to spatial elements than to the content of emotionally charged visual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Rodrigo Bazán
- Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro Júnior
- Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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34
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Brugger F, Walch J, Hägele-Link S, Abela E, Galovic M, Kägi G. Decreased grey matter in the postural control network is associated with lateral flexion of the trunk in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 28:102469. [PMID: 33395964 PMCID: PMC7645287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of central networks, particularly of those responsible for integrating multimodal afferents in a spatial reference frame, were proposed in the pathophysiology of lateral trunk flexion in Parkinson's disease (PD). Knowledge about the underlying neuroanatomical structures is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate if decreased focal grey matter (GM) is associated with trunk flexion to the side and if the revealed GM clusters correlate with a disturbed perception of verticality in PD. METHODS 37 PD patients with and without lateral trunk flexion were recruited. Standardized photos were taken from each patient and trunk orientation was measured by a blinded rater. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to detect associated clusters of decreased GM. The subjective visual vertical (SVV) was assessed as a marker for perception of verticality and SVV estimates were correlated with GM clusters. RESULTS VBM revealed clusters of decreased GM in the right posterior parietal cortex and in the right thalamus were associated with lateral trunk flexion. The SVV correlated with the extent of trunk flexion, and the side of the SVV tilt correlated with the side of trunk flexion. GM values from the thalamus correlated with the SVV estimates. CONCLUSIONS We report an association between neurodegenerative changes within the posterior parietal cortex and the thalamus and lateral trunk flexion in PD. These brain structures are part of a network proposed to be engaged in postural control and spatial self-perception. Disturbed perception of verticality points to a shifted egocentric spatial reference as an important pathophysiological feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Walch
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hägele-Link
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Abela
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Yazdani S, Soluki S, Arjmandnia AA, Fathabadi J, Hassanzadeh S, Nejati V. Spatial Ability in Children with Mathematics Learning Disorder (MLD) and Its Impact on Executive Functions. Dev Neuropsychol 2021; 46:232-248. [PMID: 33900858 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1913165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mathematics Learning Disorder (MLD) has been found to be related to impairments in cognitive functions. Spatial ability (SA), which is made up of eight single but unified elements can be assumed to have a leading part in different areas of math skills. The first objective of this study was to explore differences in SA factors in 128 school children of third to sixth grade with and without MLD. The Flexibility of Closure, Closure Speed, Perceptual Speed, Visualization, Spatial Relation, Spatial Orientation, Spatial Temporal, and Wayfinding were measured through eight tasks. The second objective of the study was to explore the SA factors' ability to predict the performance of MLD participants in three executive functions. The results revealed that participants with MLD had poorer performance in all the SA tasks and it took longer to finish the visualization, spatial relation, and spatial orientation tasks compared to children with typical development (TD). Regression analysis indicated that some of the SA factors could predict working memory and cognitive flexibility, but they were unable to predict response inhibition. Regarding these results, applying SA factors in cognitive rehabilitation programs of children with MLD seems necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yazdani
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Soluki
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jalil Fathabadi
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Geers L, Pesenti M, Derosiere G, Duque J, Dricot L, Andres M. Role of the fronto-parietal cortex in prospective action judgments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7454. [PMID: 33811223 PMCID: PMC8018944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective judgments about one's capability to perform an action are assumed to involve mental simulation of the action. Previous studies of motor imagery suggest this simulation is supported by a large fronto-parietal network including the motor system. Experiment 1 used fMRI to assess the contribution of this fronto-parietal network to judgments about one's capacity to grasp objects of different sizes between index and thumb. The neural network underlying prospective graspability judgments overlapped the fronto-parietal network involved in explicit motor imagery of grasping. However, shared areas were located in the right hemisphere, outside the motor cortex, and were also activated during perceptual length judgments, suggesting a contribution to object size estimate rather than motor simulation. Experiment 2 used TMS over the motor cortex to probe transient excitability changes undetected with fMRI. Results show that graspability judgments elicited a selective increase of excitability in the thumb and index muscles, which was maximal before the object display and intermediate during the judgment. Together, these findings suggest that prospective action judgments do not rely on the motor system to simulate the action per se but to refresh the memory of one's maximal grip aperture and facilitate its comparison with object size in right fronto-parietal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Geers
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mauro Pesenti
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerard Derosiere
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Duque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Andres
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels, Belgium.
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Spetsieris PG, Eidelberg D. Spectral guided sparse inverse covariance estimation of metabolic networks in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117568. [PMID: 33246128 PMCID: PMC8409106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative disorders, a clearer understanding of the underlying aberrant networks facilitates the search for effective therapeutic targets and potential cures. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data of brain metabolism reflects the distribution of glucose consumption known to be directly related to neural activity. In FDG PET resting-state metabolic data, characteristic disease-related patterns have been identified in group analysis of various neurodegenerative conditions using principal component analysis of multivariate spatial covariance. Notably, among several parkinsonian syndromes, the identified Parkinson’s disease-related pattern (PDRP) has been repeatedly validated as an imaging biomarker of PD in independent groups worldwide. Although the primary nodal associations of this network are known, its connectivity is not fully understood. Here, we describe a novel approach to elucidate functional principal component (PC) network connections by performing graph theoretical sparse network derivation directly within the disease relevant PC partition layer of the whole brain data rather than by searching for associations retrospectively in whole brain sparse representations. Using sparse inverse covariance estimation of each overlapping PC partition layer separately, a single coherent network is detected for each layer in contrast to more spatially modular segmentation in whole brain data analysis. Using this approach, the major nodal hubs of the PD disease network are identified and their characteristic functional pathways are clearly distinguished within the basal ganglia, midbrain and parietal areas. Network associations are further clarified using Laplacian spectral analysis of the adjacency matrices. In addition, the innate discriminative capacity of the eigenvector centrality of the graph derived networks in differentiating PD versus healthy external data provides evidence of their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe G Spetsieris
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Crollen V, Collignon O. How visual is the « number sense »? Insights from the blind. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:290-297. [PMID: 32711006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Is vision a necessary building block for the foundations of mathematical cognition? A straightforward model to test the causal role visual experience plays in the development of numerical abilities is to study people born without sight. In this review we will demonstrate that congenitally blind people can develop numerical abilities that equal or even surpass those of sighted individuals, despite representing numbers using a qualitatively different representational format. We will also show that numerical thinking in blind people maps onto regions typically involved in visuo-spatial processing in the sighted, highlighting how intrinsic computational biases may constrain the reorganization of numerical networks in case of early visual deprivation. More generally, we will illustrate how the study of arithmetic abilities in congenitally blind people represents a compelling model to understand how sensory experience scaffolds the development of higher-level cognitive representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Crollen
- Institute of Psychology (IPSY) and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Institute of Psychology (IPSY) and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Ramanoël S, Durteste M, Bécu M, Habas C, Arleo A. Differential Brain Activity in Regions Linked to Visuospatial Processing During Landmark-Based Navigation in Young and Healthy Older Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:552111. [PMID: 33240060 PMCID: PMC7668216 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.552111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults have difficulties in navigating unfamiliar environments and updating their wayfinding behavior when faced with blocked routes. This decline in navigational capabilities has traditionally been ascribed to memory impairments and dysexecutive function, whereas the impact of visual aging has often been overlooked. The ability to perceive visuospatial information such as salient landmarks is essential to navigating efficiently. To date, the functional and neurobiological factors underpinning landmark processing in aging remain insufficiently characterized. To address this issue, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the brain activity associated with landmark-based navigation in young and healthy older participants. The performances of 25 young adults (μ = 25.4 years, σ = 2.7; seven females) and 17 older adults (μ = 73.0 years, σ = 3.9; 10 females) were assessed in a virtual-navigation task in which they had to orient using salient landmarks. The underlying whole-brain patterns of activity as well as the functional roles of specific cerebral regions involved in landmark processing, namely the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the occipital place area (OPA), and the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), were analyzed. Older adults' navigational abilities were overall diminished compared to young adults. Also, the two age groups relied on distinct navigational strategies to solve the task. Better performances during landmark-based navigation were associated with increased neural activity in an extended neural network comprising several cortical and cerebellar regions. Direct comparisons between age groups revealed that young participants had greater anterior temporal activity. Also, only young adults showed significant activity in occipital areas corresponding to the cortical projection of the central visual field during landmark-based navigation. The region-of-interest analysis revealed an increased OPA activation in older adult participants during the landmark condition. There were no significant between-group differences in PPA and RSC activations. These preliminary results hint at the possibility that aging diminishes fine-grained information processing in occipital and temporal regions, thus hindering the capacity to use landmarks adequately for navigation. Keeping sight of its exploratory nature, this work helps towards a better comprehension of the neural dynamics subtending landmark-based navigation and it provides new insights on the impact of age-related visuospatial processing differences on navigation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ramanoël
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Marion Durteste
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Marcia Bécu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Inuggi A, Pichiecchio A, Ciacchini B, Signorini S, Morelli F, Gori M. Multisystemic Increment of Cortical Thickness in Congenital Blind Children. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa071. [PMID: 34296131 PMCID: PMC8152892 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the total or partial lack of visual experience is associated with a plastic reorganization at the brain level, more prominent in congenital blind. Cortical thickness (CT) studies, to date involving only adult subjects, showed that only congenital blind have a thicker cortex than age-matched sighted population while late blind do not. This was explained as a deviation from the physiological mechanism of initial neural growth followed by a pruning mechanism that, in congenital blind children, might be reduced by their visual deprivation, thus determining a thicker cortex. Since those studies involved only adults, it is unknown when these changes may appear and whether they are related to impairment degree. To address this question, we compared the CT among 28 children, from 2 to 12 years, with congenital visual impairments of different degree and an age-matched sighted population. Vertex-wise analysis showed that blind children, but not low vision one, had a thicker cortical surface in few clusters located in occipital, superior parietal, anterior-cingular, orbito-frontal, and mesial precentral regions. Our data suggest that the effect of visual impairment on determining thicker cortex is an early phenomenon, is multisystemic, and occurs only when blindness is almost complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Inuggi
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Signorini
- Centre of Child Neuro-Ophthalmology, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
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Visuospatial short-term and working memory disturbance in the primary progressive aphasias: Neuroanatomical and clinical implications. Cortex 2020; 132:223-237. [PMID: 32998062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) comprises three main variants: logopenic (lv-PPA), non-fluent (nfv-PPA) and semantic variant (sv-PPA). Differentiating the language profiles of the PPA variants remains challenging, especially for lv-PPA and nfv-PPA. As such, diagnostic tools that do not rely on speech and language may offer some utility. Here, we investigated the short-term and working memory profiles of the PPA variants and typical Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a particular interest in the visuospatial system. We hypothesised visuospatial short-term and working memory would be more compromised in lv-PPA and AD than in the other PPA variants, and that this would relate to degeneration of posterior temporoparietal brain regions. METHOD Thirty-three lv-PPA, 26 nfv-PPA, 31 sv-PPA and 58 AD patients, and 45 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants completed the WMS-III Spatial and Digit Span tasks and underwent a structural brain MRI for voxel-based morphometry analyses. RESULTS Relative to Controls, Spatial Span Forward (SSF) performance was impaired in lv-PPA and AD but not in nfv-PPA or sv-PPA. In contrast, Digit Span Forward (DSF) performance was impaired in lv-PPA and nfv-PPA (to a similar level), and AD, but was relatively intact in sv-PPA. As expected, most backward span scores across both modalities were lower than forward span scores. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that SSF and SSB performance in all patients combined correlated with grey matter intensity decrease in several clusters located in temporo-parieto-occipital brain regions. Post-hoc group comparisons of these regions showed that grey matter loss was more extensive in the lv-PPA and AD groups than in the nfv-PPA and sv-PPA groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the visuospatial short-term and working memory profiles of the PPA variants are separable and likely reflect their distinct patterns of temporo-parieto-occipital brain atrophy.
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McPhee GM, Downey LA, Stough C. Neurotrophins as a reliable biomarker for brain function, structure and cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 175:107298. [PMID: 32822863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are signalling molecules involved in the formation and maintenance of synapses in the brain. They can cross the blood-brain barrier and be detected in peripheral blood, suggesting they may be a potential biomarker for brain health and function. In this review, the available literature was systematically searched for studies comparing peripheral neurotrophins levels with MRI and cognitive measures in healthy adults. Twenty-four studies were identified, six of which included a neuroimaging outcome. Fifteen studies measuring cognition were eligible for meta-analysis. The majority of studies measured levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with few assessing other neurotrophins. Results revealed BDNF is related to some neuroimaging outcomes, with some studies suggesting older age may be an important factor. A higher proportion of studies who had older samples observed significant effects between cognition and neurotrophin levels. When cognitive studies were pooled together in a meta-analysis, there was a weak non-significant effect between BDNF and cognitive outcomes. There was also a high level of heterogeneity between cognitive studies. Results indicated that gender was a notable source of the heterogeneity, but additional studies employing relevant covariates are necessary to better characterise the inter-relationship between circulating neurotrophins and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McPhee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Ruggiero G, Ruotolo F, Orti R, Rauso B, Iachini T. Egocentric metric representations in peripersonal space: A bridge between motor resources and spatial memory. Br J Psychol 2020; 112:433-454. [PMID: 32710656 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research on visuospatial memory has shown that egocentric (subject-to-object) and allocentric (object-to-object) reference frames are connected to categorical (non-metric) and coordinate (metric) spatial relations, and that motor resources are recruited especially when processing spatial information in peripersonal (within arm reaching) than extrapersonal (outside arm reaching) space. In order to perform our daily-life activities, these spatial components cooperate along a continuum from recognition-related (e.g., recognizing stimuli) to action-related (e.g., reaching stimuli) purposes. Therefore, it is possible that some types of spatial representations rely more on action/motor processes than others. Here, we explored the role of motor resources in the combinations of these visuospatial memory components. A motor interference paradigm was adopted in which participants had their arms bent behind their back or free during a spatial memory task. This task consisted in memorizing triads of objects and then verbally judging what was the object: (1) closest to/farthest from the participant (egocentric coordinate); (2) to the right/left of the participant (egocentric categorical); (3) closest to/farthest from a target object (allocentric coordinate); and (4) on the right/left of a target object (allocentric categorical). The triads appeared in participants' peripersonal (Experiment 1) or extrapersonal (Experiment 2) space. The results of Experiment 1 showed that motor interference selectively damaged egocentric-coordinate judgements but not the other spatial combinations. The results of Experiment 2 showed that the interference effect disappeared when the objects were in the extrapersonal space. A third follow-up study using a within-subject design confirmed the overall pattern of results. Our findings provide evidence that motor resources play an important role in the combination of coordinate spatial relations and egocentric representations in peripersonal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruotolo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Renato Orti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara Rauso
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Tina Iachini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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Ouellette DJ, Van Staalduinen E, Hussaini SH, Govindarajan ST, Stefancin P, Hsu DL, Duong TQ. Functional, anatomical and diffusion tensor MRI study of radiology expertise. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231900. [PMID: 32339188 PMCID: PMC7185578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated practice to acquire expertise could result in the structural and functional changes in relevant brain circuits as a result of long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, glial genesis, and remodeling. PURPOSE The goal of this study is to use task fMRI to study the brain of expert radiologists performing a diagnosis task where a series of medical images were presented during fMRI acquisition for 12s and participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. Structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were also acquired. METHODS Radiologists (N = 12, 11M, 38.2±10.3 years old) and non-radiologists (N = 17, 15M, 30.6±5.5 years old) were recruited with informed consent. Medical images were presented for 12 s and three multiple choices were displayed and the participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. fMRI, structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were acquired. fMRI analysis used FSL to determine differences in fMRI responses between groups. Voxel-wise analysis was performed to determine if subcortical volume, cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy differed between groups. Correction for multiple comparisons used false discovery rate. RESULTS Radiologists showed overall lower task-related brain activation than non-radiologists. Radiologists showed significantly lower activation in the left lateral occipital cortex, left superior parietal lobule, occipital pole, right superior frontal and precentral gyri, lingual gyrus, and the left intraparietal sulcus (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in cortical thickness, subcortical volume and fractional anisotropy (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Radiologists and non-radiologists had no significant difference in structural metrics. However, in diagnosis tasks, radiologists showed markedly lower task-related brain activations overall as well as a number of high-order visual and non-visual brain regions than non-radiologists. Some brain circuits appear to be uniquely associated with differential-diagnosis paradigm expertise that are not involved in simpler object-recognition cases. Improved understanding of the brain circuitry involved in acquisition of expertise might be used to design optimal training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Ouellette
- Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Van Staalduinen
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Syed H. Hussaini
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Patricia Stefancin
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Dan-Ling Hsu
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy Q. Duong
- Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Krala M, van Kemenade B, Straube B, Kircher T, Bremmer F. Predictive coding in a multisensory path integration task: An fMRI study. J Vis 2020; 19:13. [PMID: 31561251 DOI: 10.1167/19.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During self-motion through an environment, our sensory systems are confronted with a constant flow of information from different modalities. To successfully navigate, self-induced sensory signals have to be dissociated from externally induced sensory signals. Previous studies have suggested that the processing of self-induced sensory information is modulated by means of predictive coding mechanisms. However, the neural correlates of processing self-induced sensory information from different modalities during self-motion are largely unknown. Here, we asked if and how the processing of visually simulated self-motion and/or associated auditory stimuli is modulated by self-controlled action. Participants were asked to actively reproduce a previously observed simulated self-displacement (path integration). Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation during this path integration was compared with BOLD activation during a condition in which we passively replayed the exact sensory stimulus that had been produced by the participants in previous trials. We found supramodal BOLD suppression in parietal and frontal regions. Remarkably, BOLD contrast in sensory areas was enhanced in a modality-specific manner. We conclude that the effect of action on sensory processing is strictly dependent on the respective behavioral task and its relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Krala
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Bianca van Kemenade
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.,Translational Neuroimaging Marburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.,Translational Neuroimaging Marburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.,Translational Neuroimaging Marburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Bremmer
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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Najafi P, Carré JL, Ben Salem D, Brenaut E, Misery L, Dufor O. Central mechanisms of itch: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Neuroradiol 2019; 47:450-457. [PMID: 31809769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studying the central mechanism of itch has gained momentum. However, a proper meta-analysis has not been conducted in this domain. In this study, we tried to respond to this need. A systematic search and a meta-analysis were carried out to estimate the central mechanism of itch. The itch matrix comprises the thalamus and the parietal, secondary somatosensory, insular and cingulate cortices. We have shown that the basal ganglia (BG) play an important role in itch reduction. Finally, we explored itch processing in AD patients and observed that the itch matrix in these patients was different. In conclusion, this is the first meta-analysis on the central mechanisms of itch perception and processing. Our study demonstrated that different modalities of itch induction can produce a common pattern of activity in the brain and provided further insights into understanding the underlying nature of itch central perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Luc Carré
- LIEN, université Brest, 29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Douraied Ben Salem
- LaTIM, Inserm UMR 1101, université Brest, 29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Emilie Brenaut
- LIEN, université Brest, 29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- LIEN, université Brest, 29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, 29200 Brest, France.
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Klaus MP, Wyssen GC, Frank SM, Malloni WM, Greenlee MW, Mast FW. Vestibular Stimulation Modulates Neural Correlates of Own-body Mental Imagery. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 32:484-496. [PMID: 31682567 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that vestibular information is not only involved in reflexive eye movements and the control of posture but it also plays an important role in higher order cognitive processes. Previous behavioral research has shown that concomitant vestibular stimuli influence performance in tasks that involve imagined self-rotations. These results suggest that imagined and perceived body rotations share common mechanisms. However, the nature and specificity of these effects remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying this vestibulocognitive interaction. Participants (n = 20) solved an imagined self-rotation task during caloric vestibular stimulation. We found robust main effects of caloric vestibular stimulation in the core region of the vestibular network, including the rolandic operculum and insula bilaterally, and of the cognitive task in parietal and frontal regions. Interestingly, we found an interaction of stimulation and task in the left inferior parietal lobe, suggesting that this region represents the modulation of imagined body rotations by vestibular input. This result provides evidence that the inferior parietal lobe plays a crucial role in the neural integration of mental and physical body rotation.
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Pauligk S, Kotz SA, Kanske P. Differential Impact of Emotion on Semantic Processing of Abstract and Concrete Words: ERP and fMRI Evidence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14439. [PMID: 31594966 PMCID: PMC6783415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional valence is known to influence word processing dependent upon concreteness. Whereas some studies point towards stronger effects of emotion on concrete words, others claim amplified emotion effects for abstract words. We investigated the interaction of emotion and concreteness by means of fMRI and EEG in a delayed lexical decision task. Behavioral data revealed a facilitating effect of high positive and negative valence on the correct processing of abstract, but not concrete words. EEG data yielded a particularly low amplitude response of the late positive component (LPC) following concrete neutral words. This presumably indicates enhanced allocation of processing resources to abstract and emotional words at late stages of word comprehension. In fMRI, interactions between concreteness and emotion were observed within the semantic processing network: the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Higher positive or negative valence appears to facilitate semantic retrieval and selection of abstract words. Surprisingly, a reversal of this effect occurred for concrete words. This points towards enhanced semantic control for emotional concrete words compared to neutral concrete words. Our findings suggest fine-tuned integration of emotional valence and concreteness. Specifically, at late processing stages, semantic control mechanisms seem to integrate emotional cues depending on the previous progress of semantic retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pauligk
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Breault MS, Fitzgerald ZB, Sacré P, Gale JT, Sarma SV, González-Martínez JA. Non-motor Brain Regions in Non-dominant Hemisphere Are Influential in Decoding Movement Speed. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:715. [PMID: 31379476 PMCID: PMC6660252 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor control studies have predominantly focused on how motor regions of the brain relay basic movement-related information such as position and velocity. However, motor control is often complex, involving the integration of sensory information, planning, visuomotor tracking, spatial mapping, retrieval and storage of memories, and may even be emotionally driven. This suggests that many more regions in the brain are involved beyond premotor and motor cortices. In this study, we exploited an experimental setup wherein activity from over 87 non-motor structures of the brain were recorded in eight human subjects executing a center-out motor task. The subjects were implanted with depth electrodes for clinical purposes. Using training data, we constructed subject-specific models that related spectral power of neural activity in six different frequency bands as well as a combined model containing the aggregation of multiple frequency bands to movement speed. We then tested the models by evaluating their ability to decode movement speed from neural activity in the test data set. The best models achieved a correlation of 0.38 ± 0.03 (mean ± standard deviation). Further, the decoded speeds matched the categorical representation of the test trials as correct or incorrect with an accuracy of 70 ± 2.75% across subjects. These models included features from regions such as the right hippocampus, left and right middle temporal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and left fusiform gyrus across multiple frequency bands. Perhaps more interestingly, we observed that the non-dominant hemisphere (ipsilateral to dominant hand) was most influential in decoding movement speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macauley Smith Breault
- Neuromedical Control Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zachary B. Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pierre Sacré
- Neuromedical Control Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John T. Gale
- Gale Neurotechnologies Inc., Smoke Rise, GA, United States
| | - Sridevi V. Sarma
- Neuromedical Control Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jorge A. González-Martínez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Zimmermann M, Kubik V, Persson J, Mäntylä T. Monitoring Multiple Deadlines Relies on Spatial Processing in Posterior Parietal Cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1468-1483. [PMID: 31210563 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Proactively coordinating one's actions is an important aspect of multitasking performance due to overlapping task sequences. In this study, we used fMRI to investigate neural mechanisms underlying monitoring of multiple overlapping task sequences. We tested the hypothesis that temporal control demands in multiple-task monitoring are offloaded onto spatial processes by representing patterns of temporal deadlines in spatial terms. Results showed that increased demands on time monitoring (i.e., responding to concurrent deadlines of one to four component tasks) increasingly activated regions in the left inferior parietal lobe and the precuneus. Moreover, independent measures of spatial abilities correlated with multiple-task performance beyond the contribution of working memory. Together, these findings suggest that monitoring and coordination of temporally overlapping task timelines rely on cortical processes involved in spatial information processing. We suggest that the precuneus is involved in tracking of multiple task timelines, whereas the inferior parietal lobe constructs spatial representations of the temporal relations of these overlapping timelines. These findings are consistent with the spatial offloading hypothesis and add new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the coordination of multiple tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Kubik
- Stockholm University.,Humboldt University zu Berlin.,Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Örebro University
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