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Martins LA, Schiavo A, Paz LV, Xavier LL, Mestriner RG. Neural underpinnings of fine motor skills under stress and anxiety: A review. Physiol Behav 2024; 282:114593. [PMID: 38782244 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive examination of how stress and anxiety affect motor behavior, particularly focusing on fine motor skills and gait adaptability. We explore the role of several neurochemicals, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine, in modulating neural plasticity and motor control under these affective states. The review highlights the importance of developing therapeutic strategies that enhance motor performance by leveraging the interactions between key neurochemicals. Additionally, we investigate the complex interplay between emotional-cognitive states and sensorimotor behaviors, showing how stress and anxiety disrupt neural integration, leading to impairments in skilled movements and negatively impacting quality of life. Synthesizing evidence from human and rodent studies, we provide a detailed understanding of the relationships among stress, anxiety, and motor behavior. Our findings reveal neurophysiological pathways, behavioral outcomes, and potential therapeutic targets, emphasizing the intricate connections between neurobiological mechanisms, environmental factors, and motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Athaydes Martins
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aniuska Schiavo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Singh P, Vasundhara B, Das N, Sharma R, Kumar A, Datusalia AK. Metabolomics in Depression: What We Learn from Preclinical and Clinical Evidences. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04302-5. [PMID: 38898199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the predominant common mental illnesses that affects millions of people of all ages worldwide. Random mood changes, loss of interest in routine activities, and prevalent unpleasant senses often characterize this common depreciated mental illness. Subjects with depressive disorders have a likelihood of developing cardiovascular complications, diabesity, and stroke. The exact genesis and pathogenesis of this disease are still questionable. A significant proportion of subjects with clinical depression display inadequate response to antidepressant therapies. Hence, clinicians often face challenges in predicting the treatment response. Emerging reports have indicated the association of depression with metabolic alterations. Metabolomics is one of the promising approaches that can offer fresh perspectives into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of depression at the metabolic level. Despite numerous studies exploring metabolite profiles post-pharmacological interventions, a quantitative understanding of consistently altered metabolites is not yet established. The article gives a brief discussion on different biomarkers in depression and the degree to which biomarkers can improve treatment outcomes. In this review article, we have systemically reviewed the role of metabolomics in depression along with current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India
| | - Boosani Vasundhara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Centre for Precision Medicine and Centre, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India.
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 226002, India.
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Maffioli E, Angiulli E, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Negri A, Tedeschi G, Arisi I, Frabetti F, D’Aniello S, Alleva E, Cioni C, Toni M. Brain Proteome and Behavioural Analysis in Wild Type, BDNF +/- and BDNF -/- Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Exposed to Two Different Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105606. [PMID: 35628418 PMCID: PMC9146406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that environmental stress conditions can alter the expression of BDNF and that the expression of this neurotrophin influences behavioural responses in mammalian models. It has been recently demonstrated that exposure to 34 °C for 21 days alters the brain proteome and behaviour in zebrafish. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of BDNF in the nervous system of adult zebrafish under control and heat treatment conditions. For this purpose, zebrafish from three different genotypes (wild type, heterozygous BDNF+/- and knock out BDNF-/-) were kept for 21 days at 26 °C or 34 °C and then euthanized for brain molecular analyses or subjected to behavioural tests (Y-maze test, novel tank test, light and dark test, social preference test, mirror biting test) for assessing behavioural aspects such as boldness, anxiety, social preference, aggressive behaviour, interest for the novel environment and exploration. qRT-PCR analysis showed the reduction of gene expression of BDNF and its receptors after heat treatment in wild type zebrafish. Moreover, proteomic analysis and behavioural tests showed genotype- and temperature-dependent effects on brain proteome and behavioural responding. Overall, the absent expression of BDNF in KO alters (1) the brain proteome by reducing the expression of proteins involved in synapse functioning and neurotransmitter-mediated transduction; (2) the behaviour, which can be interpreted as bolder and less anxious and (3) the cellular and behavioural response to thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Elisa Angiulli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Bioinformatics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salvatore D’Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Cioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Porter GA, O’Connor JC. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammation in depression: Pathogenic partners in crime? World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:77-97. [PMID: 35111580 PMCID: PMC8783167 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of people each year. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammation are two prominent biologic risk factors in the pathogenesis of depression that have received considerable attention. Many clinical and animal studies have highlighted associations between low levels of BDNF or high levels of inflammatory markers and the development of behavioral symptoms of depression. However, less is known about potential interaction between BDNF and inflammation, particularly within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests that there is bidirectional regulation between these factors with important implications for the development of depressive symptoms and anti-depressant response. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been shown to reduce expression of BDNF, and BDNF may play an important negative regulatory role on inflammation within the brain. Understanding this interaction more fully within the context of neuropsychiatric disease is important for both developing a fuller understanding of biological pathogenesis of depression and for identifying novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we review these two prominent risk factors for depression with a particular focus on pathogenic implications of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Porter
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Jason C O’Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
- Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
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Nazir S, Farooq RK, Nasir S, Hanif R, Javed A. Therapeutic effect of Thymoquinone on behavioural response to UCMS and neuroinflammation in hippocampus and amygdala in BALB/c mice model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:47-58. [PMID: 35029704 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The corticolimbic system plays a critical role in the emotional and cognitive aspects of major depressive disorder. Owing to the unsatisfactory efficacy of conventional antidepressants, there is a need to explore novel therapies. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to explore the antidepressant potential of thymoquinone, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory activity, and propose its underlying mechanism of action in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model. METHODS Coat state, forced swim test, elevated plus maze test, novelty suppressed feeding test and social interaction test were performed to quantify the behavioural shift induced by UCMS and the effect of thymoquinone and fluoxetine treatment. In addition, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and BDNF and NeuN were analysed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the hippocampus and amygdala of experimental and control groups. RESULTS UCMS significantly deteriorated coat state. Thymoquinone reinstated the resignation behaviour and latency to feed affected by UCMS. UCMS induced an increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the hippocampus and amygdala, which was decreased by thymoquinone. UCMS caused an increase in BDNF and NeuN mRNA levels in the amygdala while a decrease in the hippocampus. This opposite effect on BDNF was also compensated by thymoquinone; however, thymoquinone did not significantly change Ki67 and NeuN mRNA levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Thymoquinone restored the behavioural changes induced by UCMS. In addition, the antidepressant effect of thymoquinone is in line with changes in inflammatory parameters and changes in BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nazir
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Nasir
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rumeza Hanif
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Leschik J, Lutz B, Gentile A. Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-An Attempt for Understanding Resilience? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7339. [PMID: 34298958 PMCID: PMC8305135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the functional relation of adult neurogenesis and stress in health and disease. A special focus will lie on the mechanisms underlying the cascades of events from prolonged high glucocorticoid concentrations to reduced numbers of newborn neurons. In addition to neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these mechanisms include immunomodulatory pathways, as well as microbiota changes influencing the gut-brain axis. Finally, we discuss recent findings delineating the role of adult neurogenesis in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Peripheral and cerebral abnormalities of the tryptophan metabolism in the depression-like rats induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104771. [PMID: 32450184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism could occur both peripherally and centrally, which plays an essential role in brain and gastrointestinal disorders. The participation of TRP metabolism in the bidirectional brain-gut interactions is of value to better understand the mechanism of the pathophysiology of depression. To compare the difference between peripheral and cerebral TRP metabolism in depression, the chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) was used to induce depressive-like syndrome in rats. After the rats were subjected to CUMS for five weeks, TRP and its metabolites were determined by prominence ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with a QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer (UFLC-QTRAP-5500/MS), and the expression of TRP metabolic enzymes were examined by Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). CUMS induced TRP metabolism abnormalities in the colon, cortex and hippocampus of rats. There were regional metabolism differences, but the common points were the upregulation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and the increased contents of Kynurenine (KYN), which suggested that KYN pathway (KP) was more favored than the serotonin (5-HT) pathway in the TRP metabolism under CUMS in the three regions studied. More importantly, KYN was preferentially metabolized into neurotoxic 3-hydroxycaninuric acid (3-HK) branch in the cortex and hippocampus while Kynurenic acid (KA) branch in the colon under CUMS. Interestingly, according to the Pearson's correlation coefficients, there may be correlations between the colonic KYN and cerebral 3-HK and KA. It advances our understanding of the role of TRP metabolism in gut-brain communication and provides new research ideas and methods for depression.
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Zhang MD, Tao X, Pan RL, Wang LS, Li CC, Zhou YF, Liao YH, Chen SG, Chang Q, Liu XM. Antidepressant-like effects of cajaninstilbene acid and its related mechanisms in mice. Fitoterapia 2020; 141:104450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhu H, Tao Y, Wang T, Zhou J, Yang Y, Cheng L, Zhu H, Zhang W, Huang F, Wu X. Long-term stability and characteristics of behavioral, biochemical, and molecular markers of three different rodent models for depression. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01508. [PMID: 31867894 PMCID: PMC7010584 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the long-term differences between three mouse models for depression. METHOD In the present study, the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model, the glucocorticoid/corticosterone model, and the olfactory bulbectomy model were compared at two, three, and five weeks after model induction. Behavioral testing performed included forced-swimming, tail suspension, open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine levels, and mRNA and protein expressions related to 5-HT synthesis, transport, and signaling were analyzed in the hippocampus of tested animals. RESULTS Our results revealed that each model demonstrated a specific profile of markers, whereas the stability of them differed over testing time. CONCLUSIONS Each model provided a unique set of advantages that can be considered depending on the context and aims of each study. Among the three models, the UCMS model was mostly stable and appeared to the best model for testing long-term depression-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Center for Counseling and Development, Department of Student Affairs, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huirong Zhu
- Center for Counseling and Development, Department of Student Affairs, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Gene knockout animal models of depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2019; 29:191-199. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Innes S, Pariante CM, Borsini A. Microglial-driven changes in synaptic plasticity: A possible role in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:236-247. [PMID: 30594100 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent data gathered from both in vitro and in vivo models of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have indicated that microglia play an active role in modifying some of the most important sources for neuronal plasticity, specifically long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). In addition, microglia have been implicated in neuro-immune interaction dysregulations, which are considered a core constituent of MDD pathology. While prior studies have investigated the diverse effects activated microglia can have in the context of depression, including regulation of inflammatory cytokine production and structural changes, recent evidence has revealed a more direct relationship between microglial activation and changes in synaptic function and plasticity, including LTP and LTD. Here we review these findings from animal models, as well as discuss how current preclinical evidence might shed light on novel therapeutic targets for patients with depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Innes
- Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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12
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Villas Boas GR, Boerngen de Lacerda R, Paes MM, Gubert P, Almeida WLDC, Rescia VC, de Carvalho PMG, de Carvalho AAV, Oesterreich SA. Molecular aspects of depression: A review from neurobiology to treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:99-121. [PMID: 30776369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as unipolar depression, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. The signs and symptoms are low self‑esteem, anhedonia, feeling of worthlessness, sense of rejection and guilt, suicidal thoughts, among others. This review focuses on studies with molecular-based approaches involving MDD to obtain an integrated, more detailed and comprehensive view of the brain changes produced by this disorder and its treatment and how the Central Nervous System (CNS) produces neuroplasticity to orchestrate adaptive defensive behaviors. This article integrates affective neuroscience, psychopharmacology, neuroanatomy and molecular biology data. In addition, there are two problems with current MDD treatments, namely: 1) Low rates of responsiveness to antidepressants and too slow onset of therapeutic effect; 2) Increased stress vulnerability and autonomy, which reduces the responses of currently available treatments. In the present review, we encourage the prospection of new bioactive agents for the development of treatments with post-transduction mechanisms, neurogenesis and pharmacogenetics inducers that bring greater benefits, with reduced risks and maximized access to patients, stimulating the field of research on mood disorders in order to use the potential of preclinical studies. For this purpose, improved animal models that incorporate the molecular and anatomical tools currently available can be applied. Besides, we encourage the study of drugs that do not present "classical application" as antidepressants, (e.g., the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and dextromethorphan) and drugs that have dual action mechanisms since they represent potential targets for novel drug development more useful for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Roberto Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Roseli Boerngen de Lacerda
- Department of Pharmacology of the Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Caixa. postal 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Luis da Cruz Almeida
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina Rescia
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Pablinny Moreira Galdino de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Adryano Augustto Valladao de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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13
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Popova NK, Naumenko VS. Neuronal and behavioral plasticity: the role of serotonin and BDNF systems tandem. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:227-239. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1572747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina K. Popova
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Naumenko
- Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Zemdegs J, Rainer Q, Grossmann CP, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Grynberg A, Ribeiro E, Guiard BP. Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Fish Oil-Enriched Diet in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Deficient Mice. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:974. [PMID: 30622454 PMCID: PMC6308198 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the understanding of the therapeutic activity of antidepressant drugs, treatment-resistant depression is a public health issue prompting research to identify new therapeutic strategies. Evidence strongly suggests that nutrition might exert a significant impact on the onset, the duration and the severity of major depression. Accordingly, preclinical and clinical investigations demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in anxiety and mood disorders. Although the neurobiological substrates of its action remain poorly documented, basic research has shown that omega-3 increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in brain regions associated with depression, as antidepressant drugs do. In contrast, low BDNF levels and hippocampal atrophy were observed in animal models of depression. In this context, the present study compared the effects of long-lasting fish oil-enriched diet, an important source of omega-3 fatty acids, between heterozygous BDNF+/- mice and their wild-type littermates. Our results demonstrated lower activation of Erk in BDNF+/- mice whereas this deficit was rescued by fish oil-enriched diet. In parallel, BDNF+/- mice displayed elevated hippocampal extracellular 5-HT levels in relation with a local decreased serotonin transporter protein level. Fish oil-enriched diet restored normal serotonergic tone by increasing the protein levels of serotonin transporter. At the cellular level, fish oil-enriched diet increased the pool of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of BDNF+/- mice and the latter observations coincide with its ability to promote anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like response in these mutants. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of long-term exposure to fish oil-enriched diet in behavioral paradigms known to recapitulate diverse abnormalities related to the depressive state specifically in mice with a partial loss of BDNF. These findings contrast with the mechanism of action of currently available antidepressant drugs for which the full manifestation of their therapeutic activity depends on the enhancement of serotoninergic and BDNF signaling. Further studies are warranted to determine whether fish oil supplementation could be used as an add-on strategy to conventional pharmacological interventions in treatment-resistant patients and relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Zemdegs
- Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Rainer
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cindy P Grossmann
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche BDR, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154, Laboratoire Lipides Membranaires et Régulations Fonctionnelles du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Grynberg
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154, Laboratoire Lipides Membranaires et Régulations Fonctionnelles du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eliane Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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15
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Riparin II ameliorates corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice: Role of antioxidant and neurotrophic mechanisms. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Burstein O, Doron R. The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30417885 DOI: 10.3791/58184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition, only partially addressed by current pharmacotherapies. The lack of response to treatment by many patients prompts the need to develop new therapeutic alternatives and to better understand the etiology of the disorder. Pre-clinical models with translational merits are rudimentary for this task. Here we present a protocol for the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) method in mice. In this protocol, adolescent mice are chronically exposed to interchanging unpredictable mild stressors. Resembling the pathogenesis of depression in humans, stress exposure during the sensitive period of mice adolescence instigates a depressive-like phenotype evident in adulthood. UCMS can be used for screenings of antidepressants on the variety of depressive-like behaviors and neuromolecular indices. Among the more prominent tests to assess depressive-like behavior in rodents is the sucrose preference test (SPT), which reflects anhedonia (core symptom of depression). The SPT will also be presented in this protocol. The ability of UCMS to induce anhedonia, instigate long-term behavioral deficits and enable reversal of these deficits via chronic (but not acute) treatment with antidepressants strengthens the protocol's validity compared to other animal protocols for inducing depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Burstein
- School of Behavioral Science, The Academic College Tel-Aviv-Yaffo
| | - Ravid Doron
- School of Behavioral Science, The Academic College Tel-Aviv-Yaffo; Department of Education and Psychology, Open University;
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17
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Robson JP, Wagner B, Glitzner E, Heppner FL, Steinkellner T, Khan D, Petritsch C, Pollak DD, Sitte HH, Sibilia M. Impaired neural stem cell expansion and hypersensitivity to epileptic seizures in mice lacking the EGFR in the brain. FEBS J 2018; 285:3175-3196. [PMID: 30028091 PMCID: PMC6174950 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) develop an early postnatal degeneration of the frontal cortex and olfactory bulbs and show increased cortical astrocyte apoptosis. The poor health and early lethality of EGFR−/− mice prevented the analysis of mechanisms responsible for the neurodegeneration and function of the EGFR in the adult brain. Here, we show that postnatal EGFR‐deficient neural stem cells are impaired in their self‐renewal potential and lack clonal expansion capacity in vitro. Mice lacking the EGFR in the brain (EGFRΔbrain) show low penetrance of cortical degeneration compared to EGFR−/− mice despite genetic recombination of the conditional allele. Adult EGFRΔ mice establish a proper blood–brain barrier and perform reactive astrogliosis in response to mechanical and infectious brain injury, but are more sensitive to Kainic acid‐induced epileptic seizures. EGFR‐deficient cortical astrocytes, but not midbrain astrocytes, have reduced expression of glutamate transporters Glt1 and Glast, and show reduced glutamate uptake in vitro, illustrating an excitotoxic mechanism to explain the hypersensitivity to Kainic acid and region‐specific neurodegeneration observed in EGFR‐deficient brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Robson
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Glitzner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Steinkellner
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Deeba Khan
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Petritsch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Broad Institute of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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18
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Jiang N, Zhang BY, Dong LM, Lv JW, Lu C, Wang Q, Fan LX, Zhang HX, Pan RL, Liu XM. Antidepressant effects of dammarane sapogenins in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1023-1029. [PMID: 29468732 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common, dysthymic, and psychiatric disorder, resulting in enormous social and economic burden. Dammarane sapogenins (DS), an active fraction from oriental ginseng, has shown antidepressant-like effects in chronic restraint rats and sleep interruption-induced mice, and the present study aimed to further confirm the antidepressant effects of DS in a model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and to explore the underlying mechanism. Oral administration of DS (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) markedly improved depressant-like behaviors, increasing the sucrose intake in the sucrose preference test and reducing the latency in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, and decreasing the immobility time in both the tail suspension and forced swimming tests, compared with the CUMS mice. Biochemical analysis of brain tissue and serum showed that DS treatment restored the decreased hippocampal neurotransmitter concentrations of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and gamma-aminobutyric acid, and decreased the elevated of serum hormone levels (corticotrophin releasing factor, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and corticosterone) induced by CUMS. Our findings confirm that DS exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the CUMS model of depression in mice, and suggest it may be mediated by regulation of neurotransmitters and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bei-Yue Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li-Ming Dong
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Jing-Wei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lin-Xi Fan
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Hunan university of Chinese medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
- Hunan university of Chinese medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
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19
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Dincheva I, Yang J, Li A, Marinic T, Freilingsdorf H, Huang C, Casey B, Hempstead B, Glatt CE, Lee FS, Bath KG, Jing D. Effect of Early-Life Fluoxetine on Anxiety-Like Behaviors in BDNF Val66Met Mice. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:1203-1213. [PMID: 29084453 PMCID: PMC5711544 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.15121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescence is a developmental stage in which the incidence of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders, peaks. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the main class of agents used to treat anxiety disorders. However, the impact of SSRIs on the developing brain during adolescence remains unknown. The authors assessed the impact of developmentally timed SSRI administration in a genetic mouse model displaying elevated anxiety-like behaviors. METHOD Knock-in mice containing a common human single-nucleotide polymorphism (Val66Met; rs6265) in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a growth factor implicated in the mechanism of action of SSRIs, were studied based on their established phenotype of increased anxiety-like behavior. Timed administration of fluoxetine was delivered during one of three developmental periods (postnatal days 21-42, 40-61, or 60-81), spanning the transition from childhood to adulthood. Neurochemical and anxiety-like behavioral analyses were performed. RESULTS We identified a "sensitive period" during periadolescence (postnatal days 21-42) in which developmentally timed fluoxetine administration rescued anxiety-like phenotypes in BDNF Val66Met mice in adulthood. Compared with littermate controls, BDNFMet/Met mice exhibited diminished maturation of serotonergic fibers projecting particularly to the prefrontal cortex, as well as decreased expression of the serotonergic trophic factor S100B in the dorsal raphe. Interestingly, deficient serotonergic innervation, as well as S100B levels, were rescued with fluoxetine administration during periadolescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SSRI administration during a "sensitive period" during periadolescence leads to long-lasting anxiolytic effects in a genetic mouse model of elevated anxiety-like behaviors. These persistent effects highlight the role of BDNF in the maturation of the serotonin system and the capacity to enhance its development through a pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Dincheva
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Anfei Li
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Tina Marinic
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Helena Freilingsdorf
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Chienchun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - B.J. Casey
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Barbara Hempstead
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Charles E. Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
| | - Kevin G. Bath
- Department of Psychology, Brown University, 190 Thayer Street, Metcalf 353, Providence, R.I., 02912 USA
| | - Deqiang Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, N.Y. 10065, USA
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20
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Vogt MA, Pfeiffer N, Le Guisquet AM, Brandwein C, Brizard B, Gass P, Belzung C, Chourbaji S. May the use of different background strains 'strain' the stress-related phenotype of GR +/- mice? Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:71-79. [PMID: 28782590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically altered mice are available on different background strains. While respective backcrosses are often performed for pragmatic reasons, e.g. references, comparability, or existing protocols, the interaction between the mutations per se and the background strain often remains a neglected factor. The heterozygous mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (GR) represents a well-examined model for depressive-like behavior in mice. To address the question in how far a robust depressive-like phenotype on a distinct background strain may allow a generalized conclusion, we analyzed respective phenotypes in two commonly used inbred strains: i.) C57BL/6N and ii.) BALB/c. Beside the use of different genetic models, we also extended our approach by applying two alternative paradigms to induce a depressive-like phenotype. Our study therefore comprised the model of 'unpredictable chronic mild stress' (UCMS) for four weeks and 'learned helplessness' (LH), which were used to study the role of GR, a key player in the development of depression. In the course of the experiment two cohorts of male GR+/- mice on either C57BL/6N or BALB/c background strain underwent a behavioral test battery to assess basal and depressive-like features. While both stress paradigms were functional in inducing depressive-like changes, the results were strictly strain-dependent. The genetic consequences became even more obvious under non-stress conditions with significant effects detected in BALB/c mice, which indicates a different basal stress predisposition due to differences in the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Vogt
- Interfaculty Biomedical Research Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Central Institute of Mental Health, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Natascha Pfeiffer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Marie Le Guisquet
- Brain & Imaging (INSERM - UMR 930), Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- Central Institute of Mental Health, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bruno Brizard
- Brain & Imaging (INSERM - UMR 930), Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Peter Gass
- Central Institute of Mental Health, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Catherine Belzung
- Brain & Imaging (INSERM - UMR 930), Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sabine Chourbaji
- Interfaculty Biomedical Research Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Central Institute of Mental Health, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Castrén E, Antila H. Neuronal plasticity and neurotrophic factors in drug responses. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1085-1095. [PMID: 28397840 PMCID: PMC5510719 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other members of the neurotrophin family, are central mediators of the activity-dependent plasticity through which environmental experiences, such as sensory information are translated into the structure and function of neuronal networks. Synthesis, release and action of BDNF is regulated by neuronal activity and BDNF in turn leads to trophic effects such as formation, stabilization and potentiation of synapses through its high-affinity TrkB receptors. Several clinically available drugs activate neurotrophin signaling and neuronal plasticity. In particular, antidepressant drugs rapidly activate TrkB signaling and gradually increase BDNF expression, and the behavioral effects of antidepressants are mediated by and dependent on BDNF signaling through TrkB at least in rodents. These findings indicate that antidepressants, widely used drugs, effectively act as TrkB activators. They further imply that neuronal plasticity is a central mechanism in the action of antidepressant drugs. Indeed, it was recently discovered that antidepressants reactivate a state of plasticity in the adult cerebral cortex that closely resembles the enhanced plasticity normally observed during postnatal critical periods. This state of induced plasticity, known as iPlasticity, allows environmental stimuli to beneficially reorganize networks abnormally wired during early life. iPlasticity has been observed in cortical as well as subcortical networks and is induced by several pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. iPlasticity is a new pharmacological principle where drug treatment and rehabilitation cooperate; the drug acts permissively to enhance plasticity and rehabilitation provides activity to guide the appropriate wiring of the plastic network. Optimization of iPlastic drug treatment with novel means of rehabilitation may help improve the efficacy of available drug treatments and expand the use of currently existing drugs into new indications.
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22
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Gideons ES, Lin PY, Mahgoub M, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Chronic lithium treatment elicits its antimanic effects via BDNF-TrkB dependent synaptic downscaling. eLife 2017; 6:e25480. [PMID: 28621662 PMCID: PMC5499943 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is widely used as a treatment for Bipolar Disorder although the molecular mechanisms that underlie its therapeutic effects are under debate. In this study, we show brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the antimanic-like effects of lithium but not the antidepressant-like effects in mice. We performed whole cell patch clamp recordings of hippocampal neurons to determine the impact of lithium on synaptic transmission that may underlie the behavioral effects. Lithium produced a significant decrease in α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitudes due to postsynaptic homeostatic plasticity that was dependent on BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). The decrease in AMPAR function was due to reduced surface expression of GluA1 subunits through dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a requirement for BDNF in the antimanic action of lithium and identify enhanced dynamin-dependent endocytosis of AMPARs as a potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn S Gideons
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Melissa Mahgoub
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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23
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Motamedi S, Karimi I, Jafari F. The interrelationship of metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases with focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): Kill two birds with one stone. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:651-665. [PMID: 28361262 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) like Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression. If one factor plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of two diseases, it can be concluded that there might be a common root in these two diseases, as well. This review was aimed to highlight the crucial roles of BDNF in the pathogenesis of MetS and NDD and to introduce sole prophylactic or therapeutic applications, BDNF gene therapy and BDFN administration, in controlling MetS and NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Motamedi
- Graduate of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fariba Jafari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Behavioral effects of chronic stress in the Fmr1 mouse model for fragile X syndrome. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:128-135. [PMID: 27939692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a pervasive developmental disorder due to a mutation in the FMR1 X-linked gene. Despite its clear genetic cause, the expression of FXS symptoms is known to be modulated by environmental factors, including stress. Furthermore, several studies have shown disturbances in stress regulatory systems in FXS patients and Fmr1 mice. These studies have mostly focused on the hormonal responses to stress, using the acute exposure to a single type of stressor. Hence, little is known about the behavioral effects of stress in FXS, and the importance of the nature of the stressing procedure, especially in the context of a repeated exposure that more closely resembles real life conditions. Here we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to different types of stress (i.e., either repeated restraint or unpredictable stress) on the behavioral phenotype of adult Fmr1 mice. Our results demonstrated that chronic stress induced deficits in social interaction and working memory only in WT mice and the impact of stress depended on the type of stressors and the specific behavior tested. Our data suggest that the behavioral sensitivity to stress is dramatically reduced in FXS, opening new views on the impact of gene-environment interactions in this pathology.
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Willner P. The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression: History, evaluation and usage. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 6:78-93. [PMID: 28229111 PMCID: PMC5314424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Now 30 years old, the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has been used in >1300 published studies, with a year-on-year increase rising to >200 papers in 2015. Data from a survey of users show that while a variety of names are in use (chronic mild/unpredictable/varied stress), these describe essentially the same procedure. This paper provides an update on the validity and reliability of the CMS model, and reviews recent data on the neurobiological basis of CMS effects and the mechanisms of antidepressant action: the volume of this research may be unique in providing a comprehensive account of antidepressant action within a single model. Also discussed is the use of CMS in drug discovery, with particular reference to hippocampal and extra-hippocampal targets. The high translational potential of the CMS model means that the neurobiological mechanisms described may be of particular relevance to human depression and mechanisms of clinical antidepressant action.
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Laugeray A, Launay JM, Callebert J, Mutlu O, Guillemin GJ, Belzung C, Barone PR. Chronic Treatment with the IDO1 Inhibitor 1-Methyl-D-Tryptophan Minimizes the Behavioural and Biochemical Abnormalities Induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice - Comparison with Fluoxetine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164337. [PMID: 27828964 PMCID: PMC5102430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that confronting mice to the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure-a validated model of stress-induced depression-results in behavioural alterations and biochemical changes in the kynurenine pathway (KP), suspected to modify the glutamatergic neurotransmission through the imbalance between downstream metabolites such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic and kynurenic acids. We showed that daily treatment with the IDO1 inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan partially rescues UCMS-induced KP alterations as does the antidepressant fluoxetine. More importantly we demonstrated that 1-methyl-D-tryptophan was able to alleviate most of the behavioural changes resulting from UCMS exposure. We also showed that both fluoxetine and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan robustly reduced peripheral levels of proinflammatory cytokines in UCMS mice suggesting that their therapeutic effects might occur through anti-inflammatory processes. KP inhibition might be involved in the positive effects of fluoxetine on mice behaviour and could be a relevant strategy to counteract depressive-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Laugeray
- Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics – UMR7355, CNRS - 3b Rue de Férollerie, Orléans La Source, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- UMRS INSERM U942, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- UMRS INSERM U942, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oguz Mutlu
- UMRS INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMRS INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Pascal R. Barone
- UMRS INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Antidepressant-Like and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of ZBD-2, a Novel Ligand for the Translocator Protein (18 kDa). Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:57-68. [PMID: 27544207 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) plays an important role to mediate rapid anxiolytic efficacy in stress response and stress-related disorders by the production of neurosteroids. However, little is known about the ligand of TSPO on the anxiety-like and depressive behaviors and the underlying mechanisms in chronic unpredictable mild stress (UCMS) mice. In the present study, a novel ligand of TSPO, ZBD-2 [N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-dihydro-7-benzyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl) acetamide] synthesized by our laboratory, was used to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacy and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. ZBD-2 (3 mg/kg) significantly attenuated anxiety-like and depressive behaviors in the UCMS mice, which was blocked by TSPO antagonist PK11195 (3 mg/kg). Treatment of ZBD-2 reversed the decrease in biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) in the brain region of hippocampus in the UCMS mice. The decreases in TSPO, GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, GluA1, p-GluA1-Ser831, p-GluA1-Ser845, PSD-95, and GABAA-a2 were integrated with the increases of CaMKII and iNOS levels in the hippocampus of the UCMS mice. ZBD-2 significantly reversed the changes of above proteins. However, ZBD-2 or PK11195 treatment did not affect the levels of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors and the total levels of GAD67. Our study provides strong evidences that ZBD-2 has a therapeutic effect on chronic stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety through regulating the biogenic amine levels and the synaptic proteins in the hippocampus.
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Law J, Ibarguen-Vargas Y, Belzung C, Surget A. Decline of hippocampal stress reactivity and neuronal ensemble coherence in a mouse model of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 67:113-23. [PMID: 26881837 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulations of stress systems, especially the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, have been commonly reported in major depression. Consistent results emphasized the role of the hippocampus in regulating stress systems and restoring an operative control on HPA axis following antidepressant treatments. However, very little is known about how the hippocampus integrates stress-related information and reacts to stressors beforehand. We therefore aimed to assess activations of hippocampal neuronal ensembles during stress-related experiences and evaluated the effects of a mouse model of depression, the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS), and an antidepressant treatment (fluoxetine, 20mgkg(-1)day(-1), ip) in BALB/cByJ mice. The UCMS induced a depression-like syndrome characterized by a reduced weight gain, a progressive deterioration of the coat, an altered stress-coping strategy in behavioural tests and HPA axis dysregulations. Chronic fluoxetine had no effect in control non-stressed mice per se but reversed the syndrome induced by the UCMS, including an improvement of the HPA-system alterations. Neuronal activation was then assessed by immediate early-gene (c-fos) expression in different subfields of the CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) along the dorso-ventral axis of the hippocampus, as they can support different computational functions. Our results showed that the hippocampus reacts to stressors by adjusting activations of cell ensembles. A pre-treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist that produced a delayed inhibition of the HPA axis activity, reduced novelty-related activations in the proximal CA3 (CA3c) and the DG of the dorsal hippocampus. All these effects were compromised by the UCMS, particularly by altering activation coherences within the dorsal CA3-DG network, but were rescued by chronic fluoxetine. Our study indicates therefore that variations of CA3-DG cell ensemble activation may contribute to stress integration in the hippocampus and that dysfunctions of this process may foster HPA-system dysregulations and depression-related states. It suggests that pharmacological interventions aiming to consolidate CA3-DG neural network might improve stress reactivity and possibly benefit to patients with major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Law
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Catherine Belzung
- "Imaging and Brain" U930, Inserm, Tours, France; UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Alexandre Surget
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Mice lacking the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor as an animal model of resistance to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:265-279. [PMID: 26727039 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric dysfunctions worldwide, with high rates of resistance to antidepressant treatment. Genetic factors clearly contribute to the manifestation of depression as well as to the response to antidepressants. Transgenic mouse models appear as seminal tools to disentangle this complex disorder. Here, we analyzed new key aspects of the phenotype of knock-out mice for the gene encoding the serotonin 2B receptor (Htr(2B)(-/-)), including basal phenotype, ability to develop a depressive-like phenotype upon chronic isolation, and effect of chronic exposure to fluoxetine on chronically stressed Htr(2B)(-/-) mice. We find, here, that Htr(2B)(-/-) mice display an antidepressant-like phenotype, which includes reduced latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test, basal increase in hippocampal BDNF levels, no change in TrkB and p75 protein levels, and an increased preference for sucrose consumption compared to wild type (Htr(2B)(+/+)) mice. Nevertheless, we show that these mice can develop depressive-like behaviors when socially isolated during four weeks. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have been previously shown to be ineffective in non-stressed Htr(2B)(-/-) mice. We evaluated, here, the effects of the SSRI fluoxetine in chronically stressed Htr(2B)(-/-) mice and similarly no behavioral or plastic effect was induced by this antidepressant. All together, these results highlight the suitability to study resistance to SSRI antidepressants of this mouse model displaying panoply of conditions among which behavioral, neurotrophic and plastic causative factors can be analyzed.
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Treatment-resistant depression: are animal models of depression fit for purpose? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3473-95. [PMID: 26289353 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antidepressant drug treatment remains a major health problem. Animal models of depression are efficient in detecting effective treatments but have done little to increase the reach of antidepressant drugs. This may be because most animal models of depression target the reversal of stress-induced behavioural change, whereas treatment-resistant depression is typically associated with risk factors that predispose to the precipitation of depressive episodes by relatively low levels of stress. Therefore, the search for treatments for resistant depression may require models that incorporate predisposing factors leading to heightened stress responsiveness. METHOD Using a diathesis-stress framework, we review developmental, genetic and genomic models against four criteria: (i) increased sensitivity to stress precipitation of a depressive behavioural phenotype, (ii) resistance to chronic treatment with conventional antidepressants, (iii) a good response to novel modes of antidepressant treatment (e.g. ketamine; deep brain stimulation) that are reported to be effective in treatment-resistant depression and (iv) a parallel to a known clinical risk factor. RESULTS We identify 18 models that may have some potential. All require further validation. Currently, the most promising are the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and congenital learned helplessness (cLH) rat strains, the high anxiety behaviour (HAB) mouse strain and the CB1 receptor knockout and OCT2 null mutant mouse strains. CONCLUSION Further development is needed to validate models of antidepressant resistance that are fit for purpose. The criteria used in this review may provide a helpful framework to guide research in this area.
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Duclot F, Kabbaj M. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in depression and response to antidepressants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:21-31. [PMID: 25568448 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder encompassing a wide range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions. The prevalence of MDD is expected to continue its growth to become the second leading cause of disease burden (after HIV) by 2030. Despite an extensive research effort, the exact etiology of MDD remains elusive and the diagnostics uncertain. Moreover, a marked inter-individual variability is observed in the vulnerability to develop depression, as well as in response to antidepressant treatment, for nearly 50% of patients. Although a genetic component accounts for some cases of MDD, it is now clearly established that MDD results from strong gene and environment interactions. Such interactions could be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, defined as chromatin and DNA modifications that alter gene expression without changing the DNA structure itself. Some epigenetic mechanisms have recently emerged as particularly relevant molecular substrates, promoting vulnerability or resilience to the development of depressive-like symptoms. Although the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of MDD remains unclear, its modulation of the efficacy of antidepressants is clearly established. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression of BDNF in humans and in animal models of depression, and discuss their role in individual differences in vulnerability to depression and response to antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Duclot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Baek IS, Park JY, Han PL. Chronic Antidepressant Treatment in Normal Mice Induces Anxiety and Impairs Stress-coping Ability. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:156-68. [PMID: 26113795 PMCID: PMC4479812 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants are clinically used for patients with major depression. Antidepressant treatments in certain groups of patients are effective for relieving depression as well as anxiety disorder. However, it is not clearly known whether the use of current antidepressants in healthy persons is beneficial for upcoming depression- and anxiety-inducing life events. To address this question, normal mice were intraperitoneally administered with imipramine or fluoxetine for more than 2 weeks, and behaviors related to anxiety and depression were evaluated. Mice treated with imipramine or fluoxetine for more than 14 days exhibited significantly decreased immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test, but these mice exhibited enhanced anxiety in several behavioral tests. Furthermore, chronic antidepressant treatments followed by sub-threshold level of stress in normal mice profoundly aggravated antidepressant-induced anxiety-like behaviors without further affecting depression-related behaviors. Chronic antidepressant treatments followed by sub-threshold level of stress produced swollen vesicles and ulcerations on the lips as well as a watery and inflammatory nose. Mice given chronic antidepressant treatments displayed intestinal abnormalities evidenced by a highly enlarged and inflamed small intestine full of defecation materials. These results suggest that chronic antidepressant treatment in normal mice provokes anxiety-like behaviors and impairs their stress-coping ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Baek
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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33
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Resistance to antidepressant drugs: the case for a more predisposition-based and less hippocampocentric research paradigm. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 25:352-71. [PMID: 25083567 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first half of this paper briefly reviews the evidence that (i) stress precipitates depression by damaging the hippocampus, leading to changes in the activity of a distributed neural system involving, inter alia, the amygdala, the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the lateral habenula and ascending monoamine pathways, and (ii) antidepressants work by repairing the damaged hippocampus, thus restoring the normal balance of activity within that circuitry. In the second half of the paper we review the evidence that heightened vulnerability to depression, either because of a clinical history of depression or because of the presence of genetic, personality or developmental risk factors, also confers resistance to antidepressant drug treatment. Thus, although antidepressants provide an efficient means of reversing the neurotoxic effects of stress, they are much less effective in conditions where vulnerability to depression is elevated and the role of stress in precipitating depression is correspondingly lower. Consequently, the issue of vulnerability should feature much more prominently in antidepressant research. Most of the current animal models of depression are based on the induction of a depressive-like phenotype by stress, and pay scant attention to vulnerability. As antidepressants are relatively ineffective in vulnerable individuals, this in turn implies a need for the development of different clinical and preclinical methodologies, and a shift of focus away from the current preoccupation with the hippocampus as a target for antidepressant action in vulnerable patients.
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El-Hage W, Vourc'h P, Gaillard P, Léger J, Belzung C, Ibarguen-Vargas Y, Andres CR, Camus V. The BDNF Val(66)Met polymorphism is associated with escitalopram response in depressed patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:575-81. [PMID: 25074447 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is a candidate gene in therapeutic responses to antidepressants. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of BDNF allelic variability on responses to escitalopram treatment at 3 weeks after treatment initiation and at a 6-week endpoint. METHODS We included 187 Caucasian subjects with depression; 153 completed the 6-week study. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) before and after 3-6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS After 3 weeks of treatment, we saw significantly better treatment responses in the Met carriers and greater antidepressant resistance among the Val/Val homozygotes. Relative to Val/Val homozygous (59.78 %), a significantly greater proportion of subjects Met-carriers (77.94 %) responded to escitalopram treatment (χ (2) = 5.88, p = 0.015). After 6 weeks, we found the same pattern of results but this effect did not reach statistical significance (χ (2) = 2.07, p = 0.15). CONCLUSION These findings highlight a significant association between the BDNF valine to methionine substitution (Val(66)Met) polymorphism and the treatment response to escitalopram in a Caucasian population of severely depressed inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam El-Hage
- Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante, Fondation FondaMental, CHRU de Tours, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France,
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Samsom JN, Wong AHC. Schizophrenia and Depression Co-Morbidity: What We have Learned from Animal Models. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25762938 PMCID: PMC4332163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk for the development of depression. Overlap in the symptoms and genetic risk factors between the two disorders suggests a common etiological mechanism may underlie the presentation of comorbid depression in schizophrenia. Understanding these shared mechanisms will be important in informing the development of new treatments. Rodent models are powerful tools for understanding gene function as it relates to behavior. Examining rodent models relevant to both schizophrenia and depression reveals a number of common mechanisms. Current models which demonstrate endophenotypes of both schizophrenia and depression are reviewed here, including models of CUB and SUSHI multiple domains 1, PDZ and LIM domain 5, glutamate Delta 1 receptor, diabetic db/db mice, neuropeptide Y, disrupted in schizophrenia 1, and its interacting partners, reelin, maternal immune activation, and social isolation. Neurotransmission, brain connectivity, the immune system, the environment, and metabolism emerge as potential common mechanisms linking these models and potentially explaining comorbid depression in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Samsom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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36
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Drewniany E, Han J, Hancock C, Jones RL, Lim J, Nemat Gorgani N, Sperry JK, Yu HJ, Raffa RB. Rapid-onset antidepressant action of ketamine: potential revolution in understanding and future pharmacologic treatment of depression. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 40:125-30. [PMID: 25545040 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The current pharmacotherapeutic treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) generally takes weeks to be effective. As the molecular action of these drugs is immediate, the mechanistic basis for this lag is unclear. A drug that has a more rapid onset of action would be a major therapeutic advance and also be a useful comparator to provide valuable mechanistic insight into the disorder and its treatment. COMMENT Recent evidence suggests that ketamine produces rapid-onset antidepressant action. Important questions are as follows: is it specific or coincidental to other effects; is there a dose-response relationship; and is the mechanism related to that of current antidepressants. NMDA receptor antagonism is unlikely the explanation for ketamine's antidepressant action. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION It is not an exaggeration to state that the new findings, if validated, might produce a revolution in understanding and treating depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Drewniany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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37
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Caldarone BJ, Zachariou V, King SL. Rodent models of treatment-resistant depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 753:51-65. [PMID: 25460020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a prevalent and debilitating disorder and a substantial proportion of patients fail to reach remission following standard antidepressant pharmacological treatment. Limited efficacy with currently available antidepressant drugs highlights the need to develop more effective medications for treatment- resistant patients and emphasizes the importance of developing better preclinical models that focus on treatment- resistant populations. This review discusses methods to adapt and refine rodent behavioral models that are predictive of antidepressant efficacy to identify populations that show reduced responsiveness or are resistant to traditional antidepressants. Methods include separating antidepressant responders from non-responders, administering treatments that render animals resistant to traditional pharmacological treatments, and identifying genetic models that show antidepressant resistance. This review also examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments regimes that have been effective in refractory patients and how some of these approaches have been used to validate animal models of treatment-resistant depression. The goals in developing rodent models of treatment-resistant depression are to understand the neurobiological mechanisms involved in antidepressant resistance and to develop valid models to test novel therapies that would be effective in patients that do not respond to traditional monoaminergic antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Caldarone
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah L King
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
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38
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Opal MD, Klenotich SC, Morais M, Bessa J, Winkle J, Doukas D, Kay LJ, Sousa N, Dulawa SM. Serotonin 2C receptor antagonists induce fast-onset antidepressant effects. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1106-14. [PMID: 24166413 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current antidepressants must be administered for several weeks to produce therapeutic effects. We show that selective serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) antagonists exert antidepressant actions with a faster-onset (5 days) than that of current antidepressants (14 days) in mice. Subchronic (5 days) treatment with 5-HT2C antagonists induced antidepressant behavioral effects in the chronic forced swim test (cFST), chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm and olfactory bulbectomy paradigm. This treatment regimen also induced classical markers of antidepressant action: activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). None of these effects were induced by subchronic treatment with citalopram, a prototypical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Local infusion of 5-HT2C antagonists into the ventral tegmental area was sufficient to induce BDNF in the mPFC, and dopamine D1 receptor antagonist treatment blocked the antidepressant behavioral effects of 5-HT2C antagonists. 5-HT2C antagonists also activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in the mPFC, effects recently linked to rapid antidepressant action. Furthermore, 5-HT2C antagonists reversed CMS-induced atrophy of mPFC pyramidal neurons. Subchronic SSRI treatment, which does not induce antidepressant behavioral effects, also activated mTOR and eEF2 and reversed CMS-induced neuronal atrophy, indicating that these effects are not sufficient for antidepressant onset. Our findings reveal that 5-HT2C antagonists are putative fast-onset antidepressants, which act through enhancement of mesocortical dopaminergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Opal
- 1] Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S C Klenotich
- 1] Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Morais
- 1] Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal [2] ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Bessa
- 1] Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal [2] ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Winkle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Doukas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L J Kay
- 1] Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Institute for Mind and Body, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [3] Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N Sousa
- 1] Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal [2] ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S M Dulawa
- 1] Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Forced swim and chronic variable stress reduced hippocampal cell survival in OVX female rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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O'Leary OF, O'Brien FE, O'Connor RM, Cryan JF. Drugs, genes and the blues: Pharmacogenetics of the antidepressant response from mouse to man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 123:55-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Gururajan A, Hill R, van den Buuse M. Long-term differential effects of chronic young-adult corticosterone exposure on anxiety and depression-like behaviour in BDNF heterozygous rats depend on the experimental paradigm used. Neurosci Lett 2014; 576:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abelaira HM, Réus GZ, Quevedo J. Animal models as tools to study the pathophysiology of depression. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 35 Suppl 2:S112-20. [PMID: 24271223 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with depression. A basic understanding of the underlying disease processes in depression is lacking; therefore, recreating the disease in animal models is not possible. Popular current models of depression creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate animal models of depression and determine which has the best face, construct, and predictive validity. These models differ in the degree to which they produce features that resemble a depressive-like state, and models that include stress exposure are widely used. Paradigms that employ acute or sub-chronic stress exposure include learned helplessness, the forced swimming test, the tail suspension test, maternal deprivation, chronic mild stress, and sleep deprivation, to name but a few, all of which employ relatively short-term exposure to inescapable or uncontrollable stress and can reliably detect antidepressant drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Abelaira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine, Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, CriciúmaSC, Brazil
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Uutela M, Lindholm J, Rantamäki T, Umemori J, Hunter K, Võikar V, Castrén ML. Distinctive behavioral and cellular responses to fluoxetine in the mouse model for Fragile X syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:150. [PMID: 24904293 PMCID: PMC4036306 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is used as a therapeutic agent for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including Fragile X syndrome (FXS). The treatment often associates with disruptive behaviors such as agitation and disinhibited behaviors in FXS. To identify mechanisms that increase the risk to poor treatment outcome, we investigated the behavioral and cellular effects of fluoxetine on adult Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice, a mouse model for FXS. We found that fluoxetine reduced anxiety-like behavior of both wild-type and Fmr1 KO mice seen as shortened latency to enter the center area in the open field test. In Fmr1 KO mice, fluoxetine normalized locomotor hyperactivity but abnormally increased exploratory activity. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and increased TrkB receptor expression levels in the hippocampus of Fmr1 KO mice associated with inappropriate coping responses under stressful condition and abolished antidepressant activity of fluoxetine. Fluoxetine response in the cell proliferation was also missing in the hippocampus of Fmr1 KO mice when compared with wild-type controls. The postnatal mRNA expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) was reduced in the thalamic nuclei of Fmr1 KO mice during the time of transient innervation of somatosensory neurons suggesting that developmental changes of SERT expression were involved in the differential cellular and behavioral responses to fluoxetine in wild-type and Fmr1 mice. The results indicate that changes of BDNF/TrkB signaling contribute to differential behavioral responses to fluoxetine among individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Uutela
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesse Lindholm
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerri Hunter
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vootele Võikar
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija L Castrén
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Child Neurology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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Lindholm JSO, Castrén E. Mice with altered BDNF signaling as models for mood disorders and antidepressant effects. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:143. [PMID: 24817844 PMCID: PMC4012208 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB support neuronal survival during development and promote connectivity and plasticity in the adult brain. Decreased BDNF signaling is associated with the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanisms underlying the actions of antidepressant drugs (AD). Several transgenic mouse models with decreases or increases in the amount of BDNF or the activity of TrkB signaling have been created. This review summarizes the studies where various mouse models with increased or decreased BDNF levels or TrkB signaling were used to evaluate the role of BDNF signaling in depression-like behavior. Although a large number of models have been employed and several studies have been published, no clear-cut connections between BDNF levels or signaling and depression-like behavior in mice have emerged. However, it is clear that BDNF plays a critical role in the mechanisms underlying the actions of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Piperine Reverses Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:403-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sickmann HM, Li Y, Mørk A, Sanchez C, Gulinello M. Does stress elicit depression? Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 18:123-159. [PMID: 24633891 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful situations may induce or deteriorate an already existing depression. Stress-related depression can be elicited at an adolescent/adult age but evidence also shows that early adverse experiences even at the fetal stage may predispose the offspring for later development of depression. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) plays a key role in regulating the stress response and dysregulation in the system has been linked to depression both in humans and in animal models. This chapter critically reviews clinical and preclinical findings that may explain how stress can cause depression, including HPA-axis changes and alterations beyond the HPA-axis. As stress does not elicit depression in the majority of the population, this motivated research to focus on understanding the biology underlying resilient versus sensitive subjects. Animal models of depression have contributed to a deeper understanding of these mechanisms. Findings from these models will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle M Sickmann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Browne CA, Lucki I. Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:161. [PMID: 24409146 PMCID: PMC3873522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Newer antidepressants are needed for the many individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) that do not respond adequately to treatment and because of a delay of weeks before the emergence of therapeutic effects. Recent evidence from clinical trials shows that the NMDA antagonist ketamine is a revolutionary novel antidepressant because it acts rapidly and is effective for treatment-resistant patients. A single infusion of ketamine alleviates depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depressed patients within hours and these effects may be sustained for up to 2 weeks. Although the discovery of ketamine's effects has reshaped drug discovery for antidepressants, the psychotomimetic properties of this compound limit the use of this therapy to the most severely ill patients. In order to develop additional antidepressants like ketamine, adequate preclinical behavioral screening paradigms for fast-acting antidepressants need to be established and used to identify the underlying neural mechanisms. This review examines the preclinical literature attempting to model the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. Acute administration of ketamine has produced effects in behavioral screens for antidepressants like the forced swim test, novelty suppression of feeding and in rodent models for depression. Protracted behavioral effects of ketamine have been reported to appear after a single treatment that last for days. This temporal pattern is similar to its clinical effects and may serve as a new animal paradigm for rapid antidepressant effects in humans. In addition, protracted changes in molecules mediating synaptic plasticity have been implicated in mediating the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of ketamine. Current preclinical studies are examining compounds with more specific pharmacological effects at glutamate receptors and synapses in order to develop additional rapidly acting antidepressants without the hallucinogenic side effects or abuse potential of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Browne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Markova N, Chernopiatko A, Schroeter CA, Malin D, Kubatiev A, Bachurin S, Costa-Nunes J, Steinbusch HMW, Strekalova T. Hippocampal gene expression of deiodinases 2 and 3 and effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine T2 in mouse depression paradigms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:565218. [PMID: 24386638 PMCID: PMC3872397 DOI: 10.1155/2013/565218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central thyroid hormone signaling is important in brain function/dysfunction, including affective disorders and depression. In contrast to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), the role of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), which until recently was considered an inactive metabolite of T3, has not been studied in these pathologies. However, both T3 and T2 stimulate mitochondrial respiration, a factor counteracting the pathogenesis of depressive disorder, but the cellular origins in the CNS, mechanisms, and kinetics of the cellular action for these two hormones are distinct and independent of each other. Here, Illumina and RT PCR assays showed that hippocampal gene expression of deiodinases 2 and 3, enzymes involved in thyroid hormone regulation, is increased in resilience to stress-induced depressive syndrome and after antidepressant treatment in mice that might suggest elevated T2 and T3 turnover in these phenotypes. In a separate experiment, bolus administration of T2 at the doses 750 and 1,500 mcg/kg but not 250 mcg/kg in naive mice reduced immobility in a two-day tail suspension test in various settings without changing locomotion or anxiety. This demonstrates an antidepressant-like effect of T2 that could be exploited clinically. In a wider context, the current study suggests important central functions of T2, whose biological role only lately is becoming to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalyia Markova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnii proesd 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | | | - Careen A. Schroeter
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Maastricht Medical Center in Annadal, Becanusstraat 17 A0, 6216 BX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Malin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, WIMR 3016, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiyskaia 8, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiyskaia 8, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Sergey Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnii proesd 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - João Costa-Nunes
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Harry M. W. Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Maastricht Medical Center in Annadal, Becanusstraat 17 A0, 6216 BX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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Xiangshao Granule Exerts Antidepressive Effects in a Depression Mouse Model by Ameliorating Deficits in Hippocampal BDNF and TrkB. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:309262. [PMID: 24367385 PMCID: PMC3866718 DOI: 10.1155/2013/309262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the therapeutic effects of Xiangshao granules in a mouse depression model and examines the potential molecular mechanisms involved. After 21 consecutive days of chronic stress challenge, all mice were divided into three groups: control group, depression group, and Xiangshao granule treatment group. On the 22nd day, rats in the Xiangshao granule treatment group received Xiangshao granules via gastrogavage for 3 consecutive weeks. Depression group mice showed a significant reduction of crossings (P < 0.01) but not rearings (P < 0.05). Serum CRH, CORT, and ACTH levels were significantly increased in depression mice compared with control (P < 0.05) and the expression levels of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB were reduced in the model group (P < 0.05). However, Xiangshao granule treatment remarkably rescued the decrease in the body weight (P < 0.05), increased crossings in the open field test (P < 0.05), upregulated the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB expression, and reduced the serum CRH, CORT, and ACTH concentrations compared with the depression group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that Xiangshao granule could effectively induce antidepressive effects in the depression mouse model by ameliorating the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB.
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50
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El-Hage W, Leman S, Camus V, Belzung C. Mechanisms of antidepressant resistance. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:146. [PMID: 24319431 PMCID: PMC3837246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most frequent and severe mental disorder. Since the discovery of antidepressant (AD) properties of the imipramine and then after of other tricyclic compounds, several classes of psychotropic drugs have shown be effective in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is a wide range of variability in response to ADs that might lead to non response or partial response or in increased rate of relapse or recurrence. The mechanisms of response to AD therapy are poorly understood, and few biomarkers are available than can predict response to pharmacotherapy. Here, we will first review markers that can be used to predict response to pharmacotherapy, such as markers of drug metabolism or blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, the activity of specific brain areas or neurotransmitter systems, hormonal dysregulations or plasticity, and related molecular targets. We will describe both clinical and preclinical studies and describe factors that might affect the expression of these markers, including environmental or genetic factors and comorbidities. This information will permit us to suggest practical recommendations and innovative treatment strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam El-Hage
- INSERM 930, Faculté de Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais Tours, France ; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante, Fondation FondaMental Tours, France
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