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Salami OM, Habimana O, Peng JF, Yi GH. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:163-180. [PMID: 35704247 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an increasingly worldwide problem; it is currently regarded as a complex life-threatening dysfunction of one or more organs as a result of dysregulated host immune response to infections. The heart is one of the most affected organs, as roughly 10% to 70% of sepsis cases are estimated to turn into sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). SIC can be defined as a reversible myocardial dysfunction characterized by dilated ventricles, impaired contractility, and decreased ejection fraction. Mitochondria play a critical role in the normal functioning of cardiac tissues as the heart is highly dependent on its production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), its damage during SIC includes morphology impairment, mitophagy, biogenesis disequilibrium, electron transport chain disturbance, molecular damage from the actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and many other different impairments that are major contributing factors to the severity of SIC. Although mitochondria-targeted therapies usage is still inadequate in clinical settings, the preclinical study outcomes promise that the implementation of these therapies may effectively treat SIC. This review summarizes the different therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria structure, quality, and quantity abnormalities for the treatment of SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olive Habimana
- International College, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Fu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Lira Chavez FM, Gartzke LP, van Beuningen FE, Wink SE, Henning RH, Krenning G, Bouma HR. Restoring the infected powerhouse: Mitochondrial quality control in sepsis. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102968. [PMID: 38039825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection, characterized by organ failure. The pathophysiology is complex and incompletely understood, but mitochondria appear to play a key role in the cascade of events that culminate in multiple organ failure and potentially death. In shaping immune responses, mitochondria fulfil dual roles: they not only supply energy and metabolic intermediates crucial for immune cell activation and function but also influence inflammatory and cell death pathways. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction has a dual impact, compromising both immune system efficiency and the metabolic stability of end organs. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the development of a hyperinflammatory state and loss of cellular homeostasis, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Already in early sepsis, signs of mitochondrial dysfunction are apparent and consequently, strategies to optimize mitochondrial function in sepsis should not only prevent the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction, but also cover the repair of the sustained mitochondrial damage. Here, we discuss mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) in the pathogenesis of sepsis and exemplify how mtQC could serve as therapeutic target to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, replacing or repairing dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to the recovery of organ function in sepsis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a process that results in the formation of new mitochondria and is critical for maintaining a pool of healthy mitochondria. However, exacerbated biogenesis during early sepsis can result in accumulation of structurally aberrant mitochondria that fail to restore bioenergetics, produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbate the disease course. Conversely, enhancing mitophagy can protect against organ damage by limiting the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecules (DAMPs). Furthermore, promoting mitophagy may facilitate the growth of healthy mitochondria by blocking the replication of damaged mitochondria and allow for post sepsis organ recovery through enabling mitophagy-coupled biogenesis. The remaining healthy mitochondria may provide an undamaged scaffold to reproduce functional mitochondria. However, the kinetics of mtQC in sepsis, specifically mitophagy, and the optimal timing for intervention remain poorly understood. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating mitophagy induction with mtQC mechanisms to prevent undesired effects associated with solely the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Lira Chavez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L P Gartzke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F E van Beuningen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Wink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Krenning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Sulfateq B.V, Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726, GN Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rivera CN, Hinkle JS, Watne RM, Macgowan TC, Wommack AJ, Vaughan RA. PPAR β/ δ Agonism with GW501516 Increases Myotube PGC-1 α Content and Reduces BCAA Media Content Independent of Changes in BCAA Catabolic Enzyme Expression. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:4779199. [PMID: 37325367 PMCID: PMC10264138 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4779199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, elevated blood metabolites, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism with reduced expression of genes governing metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). PGC-1α regulates the expression of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, and thus, increased circulating BCAA in diabetics may be partially explained by reduced PGC-1α expression. PGC-1α functions in-part through interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ). The present report examined the effects of the PPARβ/δ agonism on cell metabolism and related gene/protein expression of cultured myotubes, with a primary emphasis on determining the effects of GW on BCAA disposal and catabolic enzyme expression. Methods C2C12 myotubes were treated with GW501516 (GW) for up to 24 hours. Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism were measured via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate, respectively. Metabolic gene and protein expression were assessed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Media BCAA content was assessed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Results GW significantly increased PGC-1α protein expression, mitochondrial content, and mitochondrial function. GW also significantly reduced BCAA content within culture media following 24-hour treatment; however, expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes/transporter was unchanged. Conclusion These data confirm the ability of GW to increase muscle PGC-1α content and decrease BCAA media content without affecting BCAA catabolic enzymes/transporter. These findings suggest heightened BCAA uptake (and possibly metabolism) may occur without substantial changes in the protein levels of related cell machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N. Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jason S. Hinkle
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Rachel M. Watne
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
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Kanova M, Kohout P. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8396. [PMID: 35955530 PMCID: PMC9368893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable organ, and its amount declines under catabolic conditions such as critical illness. Aging is accompanied by a gradual loss of muscle, especially when physical activity decreases. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a common and highly serious neuromuscular complication in critically ill patients. It is a consequence of critical illness and is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, leading to metabolic stress, that causes the development of multiple organ dysfunction. Muscle dysfunction is an important component of this syndrome, and the degree of catabolism corresponds to the severity of the condition. The population of critically ill is aging; thus, we face another negative effect-sarcopenia-the age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. Low-grade inflammation gradually accumulates over time, inhibits proteosynthesis, worsens anabolic resistance, and increases insulin resistance. The cumulative consequence is a gradual decline in muscle recovery and muscle mass. The clinical manifestation for both of the above conditions is skeletal muscle weakness, with macromolecular damage, and a common mechanism-mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we compare the molecular mechanisms underlying the two types of muscle atrophy, and address questions regarding possible shared molecular mechanisms, and whether critical illness accelerates the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Kanova
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kohout
- Department of Internal Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and Teaching Thomayer Hospital, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Fu Y, Du M, Cao Z, He H. PGC-1α attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in OCCM-30 cells. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1024-1033. [PMID: 35903958 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, has been associated with many inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of PGC-1α in cementoblasts under periodontitis. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of PGC-1α in immortalized cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 under TNF-α stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30 cells were cultured and exposed to TNF-α, and PGC-1α expression was assessed by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Chemical inhibitors targeting various signaling pathways including NF-κB, p38 MAPK, Akt, and p53 were used to identify the regulatory mechanism involved. ZLN005 was used to upregulate PGC-1α and the subsequent alteration of inflammatory cytokines expression under TNF-α stimulation were examined by qRT-PCR and Elisa. PGC-1α siRNA was employed to further verify the role of PGC-1α in inflammatory response. Dual-reporter gene assays were performed to examine the transcriptional activity of p65, and the phosphorylation level of p65 was evaluated by western blotting. Immunofluorescence assays and nuclear and cytoplasmic extractions were performed to check the nuclear translocation of p65. Coimmunoprecipitation studies were also performed to check whether there is direct binding between p65 and PGC-1α. RESULTS TNF-α suppressed PGC-1α expression in OCCM-30 cells. Blocking p38 MAPK pathways restored the expression of PGC-1α. ZLN005 can upregulate PGC-1α in OCCM-30 cells. The upregulation of PGC-1α by ZLN005 inhibited TNF-α-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression, which was impaired by the transfection of PGC-1α siRNA. Knocking down PGC-1α also partially restored the ZLN005-decreased transcriptional activity of p65. However, the phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of p65 were not significantly affected by PGC-1α. It was found that p65 was bound to PGC-1α in OCCM-30 cells stimulated by TNF-α, and the binding was increased upon ZLN005 treatment. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α can attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in OCCM-30 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Pohl A, Schünemann F, Bersiner K, Gehlert S. The Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Physical Performance and Molecular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2021; 13:3884. [PMID: 34836139 PMCID: PMC8623732 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular adaptations can be triggered by exercise and diet. As vegan and vegetarian diets differ in nutrient composition compared to an omnivorous diet, a change in dietary regimen might alter physiological responses to physical exercise and influence physical performance. Mitochondria abundance, muscle capillary density, hemoglobin concentration, endothelial function, functional heart morphology and availability of carbohydrates affect endurance performance and can be influenced by diet. Based on these factors, a vegan and vegetarian diet possesses potentially advantageous properties for endurance performance. Properties of the contractile elements, muscle protein synthesis, the neuromuscular system and phosphagen availability affect strength performance and can also be influenced by diet. However, a vegan and vegetarian diet possesses potentially disadvantageous properties for strength performance. Current research has failed to demonstrate consistent differences of performance between diets but a trend towards improved performance after vegetarian and vegan diets for both endurance and strength exercise has been shown. Importantly, diet alters molecular signaling via leucine, creatine, DHA and EPA that directly modulates skeletal muscle adaptation. By changing the gut microbiome, diet can modulate signaling through the production of SFCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pohl
- Department of Biosciences of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany; (F.S.); (K.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Frederik Schünemann
- Department of Biosciences of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany; (F.S.); (K.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Käthe Bersiner
- Department of Biosciences of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany; (F.S.); (K.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Department of Biosciences of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany; (F.S.); (K.B.); (S.G.)
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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PPARα, δ and FOXO1 Gene Silencing Overturns Palmitate-Induced Inhibition of Pyruvate Oxidation Differentially in C2C12 Myotubes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111098. [PMID: 34827089 PMCID: PMC8614693 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Frequent high-dietary fat intake increases muscle lipid use and reduces muscle carbohydrate use, thereby inducing metabolic inflexibility. The latter term can be described as a poor muscle biochemical and molecular response to increased availability of insulin, which in the long term results in chronically excessive-high glucose levels in blood. Chronic hyperglycaemia is associated with many pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can cause severe health damages in humans. Here, we attempt to unravel the underlying mechanism and its associated factors behind the inhibition of muscle glucose use by a high-fat diet, thereby providing evidence for appropriate therapeutic intervention. Abstract The molecular mechanisms by which free fatty acids (FFA) inhibit muscle glucose oxidation is still elusive. We recently showed that C2C12 myotubes treated with palmitate (PAL) presented with greater protein expression levels of PDK4 and transcription factors PPARα and PPARδ and lower p-FOXO/t-FOXO protein ratios when compared to control. This was complemented with the hallmarks of metabolic inflexibility (MI), i.e., reduced rates of glucose uptake, PDC activity and maximal pyruvate-derived ATP production rates (MAPR). However, the relative contribution of these transcription factors to the increase in PDK4 and reduced glucose oxidation could not be established. Therefore, by using a similar myotube model, a series of individual siRNA gene silencing experiments, validated at transcriptional and translation levels, were performed in conjunction with measurements of glucose uptake, PDC activity, MAPR and concentrations of metabolites reflecting PDC flux (lactate and acetylcarnitine). Gene silencing of PPARα, δ and FOXO1 individually reduced PAL-mediated inhibition of PDC activity and increased glucose uptake, albeit by different mechanisms as only PPARδ and FOXO1 silencing markedly reduced PDK4 protein content. Additionally, PPARα and FOXO1 silencing, but not PPARδ, increased MAPR with PAL. PPARδ silencing also decreased FOXO1 protein. Since FOXO1 silencing did not alter PPARδ protein, this suggests that FOXO1 might be a PPARδ downstream target. In summary, this study suggests that the molecular mechanisms by which PAL reduces PDC-mediated glucose-derived pyruvate oxidation in muscle occur primarily through increased PPARδ and FOXO1 mediated increases in PDK4 protein expression and secondarily through PPARα mediated allosteric inhibition of PDC flux. Furthermore, since PPARδ seems to control FOXO1 expression, this may reflect an important role for PPARδ in preventing glucose oxidation under conditions of increased lipid availability.
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Degens H, Swaminathan A, Tallis J. A High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Age-Related Decline in Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:253-259. [PMID: 33927161 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decline in muscle function is aggravated by a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in fat mass. The hypothesis is that an HFD leads to a faster accumulation of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and an earlier onset of muscle dysfunction in old than in young-adult individuals. The IMCL accumulation is attenuated in young-adult organisms by an elevated oxidative capacity. Methionine restriction enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and is promising to combat obesity across the ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anandini Swaminathan
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jason Tallis
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Yang X, Chen Q, Ouyang Q, Rong P, Feng W, Quan C, Li M, Jiang Q, Liang H, Zhao TJ, Wang HY, Chen S. Tissue-Specific Splicing and Dietary Interaction of a Mutant As160 Allele Determine Muscle Metabolic Fitness in Rodents. Diabetes 2021; 70:1826-1842. [PMID: 33980689 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic groups are physiologically and genetically adapted to their diets. Inuit bear a frequent AS160R684X mutation that causes type 2 diabetes. Whether this mutation evolutionarily confers adaptation in Inuit and how it causes metabolic disorders upon dietary changes are unknown due to limitations in human studies. Here, we develop a genetically modified rat model bearing an orthologous AS160R693X mutation, which mimics human patients exhibiting postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Importantly, a sugar-rich diet aggravates metabolic abnormalities in AS160R693X rats. The AS160R693X mutation diminishes a dominant long-variant AS160 without affecting a minor short-variant AS160 in skeletal muscle, which suppresses muscle glucose utilization but induces fatty acid oxidation. This fuel switch suggests a possible adaptation in Inuit who traditionally had lipid-rich hypoglycemic diets. Finally, induction of the short-variant AS160 restores glucose utilization in rat myocytes and a mouse model. Our findings have implications for development of precision treatments for patients bearing the AS160R684X mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Qian Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Ping Rong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Weikuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Chao Quan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Min Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong-Jin Zhao
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing
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Ahn J, Son HJ, Seo HD, Ha TY, Ahn J, Lee H, Shin SH, Jung CH, Jang YJ. γ-Oryzanol Improves Exercise Endurance and Muscle Strength by Upregulating PPARδ and ERRγ Activity in Aged Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000652. [PMID: 33932312 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE γ-Oryzanol, a well-known antioxidant, has been used by body builders and athletes to boost strength and increase muscle gain, without major side effects. However, the effect of γ-Oryzanol on sarcopenia and the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. RESULTS Aged mice fed with the γ-Oryzanol diet do not show significant changes in muscle weight, but show increased running endurance as well as improved grip strength. The expression and activity of PPARδ and ERRγ are increased in skeletal muscle of γ-Oryzanol supplemented mice. γ-Oryzanol upregulates oxidative muscle fibers by MEF2 transcription factor, and PGC-1α and ERRα expressions. Fatty acid oxidation related genes and mitochondria biogenesis are upregulated by γ-Oryzanol. In addition, γ-Oryzanol inhibits TGF-β-Smad-NADPH oxidase 4 pathway and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and p65 NF-κB subunit, which cause skeletal muscle weakness. Collectively, γ-Oryzanol attenuates muscle weakness pathway and increases oxidative capacity by increasing PPARδ and ERRγ activity, which contributes to enhance strength and improve oxidative capacity in muscles, consequently enhancing exercise capacity in aged mice. Particularly, γ-Oryzanol directly binds to PPARδ. CONCLUSIONS These are the first findings showing that γ-Oryzanol enhances skeletal muscle function in aged mice by regulating PPARδ and ERRγ activity without muscle gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Son
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
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11
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Brown SM, Larsen NK, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Fetal cardiomyocyte phenotype, ketone body metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of atrial fibrillation. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1165-1178. [PMID: 33188453 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. Even though hypertension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease are the potential risk factors for AF, the underlying molecular pathology is largely unknown. The reversion of the mature cardiomyocytes to fetal phenotype, impaired ketone body metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the cellular effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major underlying biochemical events associated with the molecular pathology of AF. On this background, the present manuscript sheds light into these biochemical events in regard to the metabolic derangements in cardiomyocyte leading to AF, especially with respect to structural, contractile, and electrophysiological properties. In addition, the article critically reviews the current understanding, potential demerits, and translational strategies in the management of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Brown
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | | | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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12
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Busato S, Bionaz M. The interplay between non-esterified fatty acids and bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: results of an in vitro hybrid approach. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32793344 PMCID: PMC7419192 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In dairy cows circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increase early post-partum while liver and other tissues undergo adaptation to greater lipid metabolism, mainly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). PPAR are activated by fatty acids (FA), but it remains to be demonstrated that circulating NEFA or dietary FA activate bovine PPAR. We hypothesized that circulating NEFA and dietary FA activate PPAR in dairy cows. Methods The dose-response activation of PPAR by NEFA or dietary FA was assessed using HP300e digital dispenser and luciferase reporter in several bovine cell types. Cells were treated with blood plasma isolated from Jersey cows before and after parturition, NEFA isolated from the blood plasma, FA released from lipoproteins using milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and palmitic acid (C16:0). Effect on each PPAR isotype was assessed using specific synthetic inhibitors. Results NEFA isolated from blood serum activate PPAR linearly up to ~ 4-fold at 400 μmol/L in MAC-T cells but had cytotoxic effect. Addition of albumin to the culture media decreases cytotoxic effects of NEFA but also PPAR activation by ~ 2-fold. Treating cells with serum from peripartum cows reveals that much of the PPAR activation can be explained by the amount of NEFA in the serum (R2 = 0.91) and that the response to serum NEFA follows a quadratic tendency, with peak activation around 1.4 mmol/L. Analysis of PPAR activation by serum in MAC-T, BFH-12 and BPAEC cells revealed that most of the activation is explained by the activity of PPARδ and PPARγ, but not PPARα. Palmitic acid activated PPAR when added in culture media or blood serum but the activation was limited to PPARδ and PPARα and the response was nil in serum from post-partum cows. The addition of LPL to the serum increased > 1.5-fold PPAR activation. Conclusion Our results support dose-dependent activation of PPAR by circulating NEFA in bovine, specifically δ and γ isotypes. Data also support the possibility of increasing PPAR activation by dietary FA; however, this nutrigenomics approach maybe only effective in pre-partum but not post-partum cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
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13
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Low-Intensity Exercise Training Additionally Increases Mitochondrial Dynamics Caused by High-Fat Diet (HFD) but Has No Additional Effect on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Fast-Twitch Muscle by HFD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155461. [PMID: 32751208 PMCID: PMC7432492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how the high-fat diet (HFD) affects mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and also whether combining it with low-intensity endurance exercise adds to these effects. Six 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were put on control (CON; standard chow diet), HF (HFD intake), and HFEx (HFD + low-intensity treadmill exercise) for 6 weeks. As a result, no change in body weight was observed among the groups. However, epididymal fat mass increased significantly in the two groups that had been given HFD. Blood free fatty acid (FFA) also increased significantly in the HF group. While HFD increased insulin resistance (IR), this was improved significantly in the HFEx group. HFD also significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors (PPARδ, PGC-1α, and mtTFA) and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins; however, no additional effect from exercise was observed. Mitochondrial dynamic-related factors were also affected: Mfn2 increased significantly in the HFEx group, while Drp1 and Fis-1 increased significantly in both the HF and HFEx groups. The number of mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal region, and their size in the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar regions, also increased significantly in the HFEx group. Taken overall, these results show that HFD in combination with low-intensity endurance exercise has no additive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, although it does have such an effect on mitochondrial dynamics by improving IR.
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14
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Mishra JS, Blesson CS, Kumar S. Testosterone Decreases Placental Mitochondrial Content and Cellular Bioenergetics. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070176. [PMID: 32698476 PMCID: PMC7407169 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Placental mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Since preeclampsia is a hyperandrogenic state, we hypothesized that elevated maternal testosterone levels induce damage to placental mitochondria and decrease bioenergetic profiles. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with vehicle or testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg/day) from gestation day (GD) 15 to 19. On GD20, the placentas were isolated to assess mitochondrial structure, copy number, ATP/ADP ratio, and biogenesis (Pgc-1α and Nrf1). In addition, in vitro cultures of human trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo) were treated with dihydrotestosterone (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 nM), and bioenergetic profiles using seahorse analyzer were assessed. Testosterone exposure in pregnant rats led to a 2-fold increase in plasma testosterone levels with an associated decrease in placental and fetal weights compared with controls. Elevated maternal testosterone levels induced structural damage to the placental mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial copy number. The ATP/ADP ratio was reduced with a parallel decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of Pgc-1α and Nrf1 in the placenta of testosterone-treated rats compared with controls. In cultured trophoblasts, dihydrotestosterone decreased the mitochondrial copy number and reduced PGC-1α, NRF1 mRNA, and protein levels without altering the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion genes. Dihydrotestosterone exposure induced significant mitochondrial energy deficits with a dose-dependent decrease in basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity. In summary, our study suggests that the placental mitochondrial dysfunction induced by elevated maternal testosterone might be a potential mechanism linking preeclampsia to feto-placental growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Chellakkan S. Blesson
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Joisten N, Walzik D, Metcalfe AJ, Bloch W, Zimmer P. Physical Exercise as Kynurenine Pathway Modulator in Chronic Diseases: Implications for Immune and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920938688. [PMID: 32684749 PMCID: PMC7346690 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920938688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights the substantial role of the kynurenine pathway in various physiological systems and pathological conditions. Physical exercise has been shown to impact the kynurenine pathway in response to both single (acute) and multiple (chronic) exercise training stimuli. In this perspective article, we briefly outline the current knowledge concerning exercise-induced modulations of the kynurenine pathway and discuss underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we expose the potential involvement of exercise-induced kynurenine pathway modulations on energy homeostasis (eg, through de novo synthesis of NAD+) and finally suggest how these modulations may contribute to exercise-induced benefits in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Joisten
- Department of ‘Performance and Health (Sports Medicine)’, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Walzik
- Department of ‘Performance and Health (Sports Medicine)’, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alan J Metcalfe
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of ‘Performance and Health (Sports Medicine)’, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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16
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Liang F, Wang J, Zhu X, Wang Z, Zheng J, Sun Z, Xu S, Zhang J, Zhou J, Shi L. Melatonin Alleviates Neuronal Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hyperglycemic Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2573-2584. [PMID: 32753840 PMCID: PMC7342491 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s257333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study sought to investigate a novel effect of melatonin in reducing brain injury in an in vivo hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model and further explore the mechanisms of protection. Methods Hyperglycemia ICH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozocin injection followed by autologous blood injection into the striatum. A combined approach including RNA-specific depletion, electron microscopy, magnetic resonance, Western blots, and immunohistological staining was applied to quantify the brain injuries after ICH. Results Hyperglycemia resulted in enlarged hematoma volume, deteriorated brain edema, and aggravated neuronal mitochondria damage 3 days after ICH. Post-treatment with melatonin 2 hours after ICH dose-dependently improved neurological behavioral performance lasting out to 14 days after ICH. This improved neurological function was associated with enhanced structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. Mechanistic studies revealed that melatonin alleviated mitochondria damage in neurons via activating the PPARδ/PGC-1α pathway. Promisingly, melatonin treatment delayed until 6 hours after ICH still reduced brain edema and improved neurological functions. Melatonin supplementation reduces neuronal damage after hyperglycemic ICH by alleviating mitochondria damage in a PPARδ/PGC-1α-dependent manner. Conclusion Melatonin may represent a therapeutic strategy with a wide therapeutic window to reduce brain damage and improve long-term recovery after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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17
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Life Cycle of the Mitochondrion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062173. [PMID: 32245255 PMCID: PMC7139706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is known that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction and serve as molecular signals activating stress responses that are beneficial to the organism. It is also known that mitochondria, because of their capacity to produce free radicals, play a major role in tissue oxidative damage and dysfunction and provide protection against excessive tissue dysfunction through several mechanisms, including the stimulation of permeability transition pore opening. This process leads to mitoptosis and mitophagy, two sequential processes that are a universal route of elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria and is essential to protect cells from the harm due to mitochondrial disordered metabolism. To date, there is significant evidence not only that the above processes are induced by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but also that such production is involved in the other phases of the mitochondrial life cycle. Accumulating evidence also suggests that these effects are mediated through the regulation of the expression and the activity of proteins that are engaged in processes such as genesis, fission, fusion, and removal of mitochondria. This review provides an account of the developments of the knowledge on the dynamics of the mitochondrial population, examining the mechanisms governing their genesis, life, and death, and elucidating the role played by free radicals in such processes.
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18
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Oka SI, Sabry AD, Cawley KM, Warren JS. Multiple Levels of PGC-1α Dysregulation in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:2. [PMID: 32083094 PMCID: PMC7002390 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaption is crucial for the heart to sustain its contractile activity under various physiological and pathological conditions. At the molecular level, the changes in energy demand impinge on the expression of genes encoding for metabolic enzymes. Among the major components of an intricate transcriptional circuitry, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) plays a critical role as a metabolic sensor, which is responsible for the fine-tuning of transcriptional responses to a plethora of stimuli. Cumulative evidence suggests that energetic impairment in heart failure is largely attributed to the dysregulation of PGC-1α. In this review, we summarize recent studies revealing how PGC-1α is regulated by a multitude of mechanisms, operating at different regulatory levels, which include epigenetic regulation, the expression of variants, post-transcriptional inhibition, and post-translational modifications. We further discuss how the PGC-1α regulatory cascade can be impaired in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Amira D Sabry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Keiko M Cawley
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Junco S Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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19
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Heaton R, Millichap L, Saleem F, Gannon J, Begum G, Hargreaves IP. Current biochemical treatments of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1638250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fatima Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer Gannon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gemma Begum
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081878. [PMID: 30995737 PMCID: PMC6515064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by defective social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior with a complex, multifactorial etiology. Despite an increasing worldwide prevalence of ASD, there is currently no pharmacological cure to treat core symptoms of ASD. Clinical evidence and molecular data support the role of impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in ASD. The recognition of defects in energy metabolism in ASD may be important for better understanding ASD and developing therapeutic intervention. The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α, δ, and γ are ligand-activated receptors with distinct physiological functions in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as inflammatory response. PPAR activation allows a coordinated up-regulation of numerous FAO enzymes, resulting in significant PPAR-driven increases in mitochondrial FAO flux. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic compound which exhibits metabolic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, pointing to possible applications in ASD therapeutics. In this study, we review the evidence for the existing links between ASD and impaired mitochondrial FAO and review the potential implications for regulation of mitochondrial FAO in ASD by PPAR activators, including RSV.
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21
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Wu Y, Yao YM, Lu ZQ. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets in sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:451-462. [PMID: 30788535 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated response to severe infection characterized by life-threatening organ failure and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Multiple organ failure is the central characteristic of sepsis and is associated with poor outcome of septic patients. Ultrastructural damage to the mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction are reported in sepsis. Mitochondrial dysfunction with subsequent ATP deficiency, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and cytochrome c release are all considered to contribute to organ failure. Consistent mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reduced mitochondrial quality control capacity, which eliminates dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial quality is controlled through a series of processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and transport processes. Several studies have indicated that multiple organ failure is ameliorated by restoring mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and is further amplified by defective quality control mechanisms. This review will focus on advances concerning potential mechanisms in regulating mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Fakan B, Szalardy L, Vecsei L. Exploiting the Therapeutic Potential of Endogenous Immunomodulatory Systems in Multiple Sclerosis-Special Focus on the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and the Kynurenines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020426. [PMID: 30669473 PMCID: PMC6358998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) demyelination attributable to a disturbed balance between encephalitic T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) and immunomodulatory regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and an alternatively activated macrophage (M2) excess. Endogenous molecular systems regulating these inflammatory processes have recently been investigated to identify molecules that can potentially influence the course of the disease. These include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARγ coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and kynurenine pathway metabolites. Although all PPARs ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), recent evidence suggests that PPARα, PPARβ/δ agonists have less pronounced immunomodulatory effects and, along with PGC-1α, are not biomarkers of neuroinflammation in contrast to PPARγ. Small clinical trials with PPARγ agonists have been published with positive results. Proposed as immunomodulatory and neuroprotective, the therapeutic use of PGC-1α activation needs to be assessed in EAE/MS. The activation of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, plays crucial immunomodulatory roles. Indeed, Trp metabolites have therapeutic relevance in EAE and drugs with structural analogy to kynurenines, such as teriflunomide, are already approved for MS. Further studies are required to gain deeper knowledge of such endogenous immunomodulatory pathways with potential therapeutic implications in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Fakan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Levente Szalardy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Laszlo Vecsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
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23
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Mohamad MI, Aboelhussein MM, Elayat WM, Elshormilisy AA. Aberrant renal expression of peroxisome coactivator PGC-1α and its regulators (Sirt1 & GSK3β) in rats with diabetic nephropathy. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Han X, Nonaka K, Kato H, Yamaza H, Sato H, Kifune T, Hirofuji Y, Masuda K. Osteoblastic differentiation improved by bezafibrate-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in deciduous tooth-derived pulp stem cells from a child with Leigh syndrome. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 17:32-37. [PMID: 30533535 PMCID: PMC6262801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a highly heterogeneous condition caused by pathological mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA regions encoding molecules involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, in which many organs including the brain can be affected. Among these organs, a high incidence of poor bone health has been recognized in primary mitochondrial diseases including Leigh syndrome. However, the direct association between mitochondrial dysfunction and poor bone health has not been fully elucidated. Mitochondrial biosynthesis is a potential therapeutic target for this syndrome, as it can ameliorate the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation without altering these gene mutations. A recent study has shown the impaired osteogenesis in the dental pulp stem cells derived from the deciduous teeth of a child with Leigh syndrome, harboring the heteroplasmic mutation G13513A in the mitochondrial DNA region encoding the ND5 subunit of the respiratory chain complex I. The present study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial biogenesis could be a therapeutic target for improving osteogenesis, using the same stem cells in a patient-specific cellular model. For this purpose, bezafibrate was used because it has been reported to induce mitochondrial biogenesis as well as to improve bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Bezafibrate clearly improved the differentiation of patient-derived stem cells into osteoblasts and the mineralization of differentiated osteoblasts. The mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, ATP production, and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were all significantly increased by bezafibrate in the patient-derived cells. In addition, the increased amount and morphological shift from the fragmentary to network shape associated with DRP1 downregulation were also observed in the bezafibrate-treated patient-derived cells. These results suggest that mitochondrial biogenesis may be a potential therapeutic target for improving osteogenesis in patients with Leigh syndrome, and bezafibrate may be one of the candidate treatment agents. Dental pulp stem cells from a child with Leigh syndrome have impaired osteogenesis. Bezafibrate-PGC-1α pathway improves osteogenesis via mitochondrial biogenesis. Bezafibrate also induces DRP1 downregulation and mitochondrial network formation. Dental pulp stem cells may help to establish treatment strategies for Leigh syndrome.
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Key Words
- BZF, bezafibrate
- Bezafibrate
- DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1
- Dental pulp stem cell
- LS, Leigh syndrome
- Leigh syndrome
- MMP, Mitochondrial membrane potential
- Mitochondrial biogenesis
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Osteogenesis
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- RC complex I, respiratory chain complex I
- SHED, Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nonaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kifune
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Hirofuji
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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25
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Augustyniak J, Lenart J, Gaj P, Kolanowska M, Jazdzewski K, Stepien PP, Buzanska L. Bezafibrate Upregulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Influence Neural Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4346-4363. [PMID: 30315479 PMCID: PMC6505510 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bezafibrate (BZ) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of PPAR’s receptors and enhancing the level of PGC-1α coactivator. In this report, we investigated the effect of BZ on the expression of genes (1) that are linked to different pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, e.g., regulated by PPAR’s receptors or PGC-1α coactivator, and (2) involved in neuronal or astroglial fate, during neural differentiation of hiPSC. The tested cell populations included hiPSC-derived neural stem cells (NSC), early neural progenitors (eNP), and neural progenitors (NP). RNA-seq analysis showed the expression of PPARA, PPARD receptors and excluded PPARG in all tested populations. The expression of PPARGC1A encoding PGC-1α was dependent on the stage of differentiation: NSC, eNP, and NP differed significantly as compared to hiPSC. In addition, BZ-evoked upregulation of PPARGC1A, GFAP, S100B, and DCX genes coexist with downregulation of MAP2 gene only at the eNP stage of differentiation. In the second task, we investigated the cell sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis upon BZ treatment. BZ influenced the cell viability, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and total cell number in concentration- and stage of differentiation-dependent manner. Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis evoked by BZ determined by the changes in the level of SDHA and COX-1 protein, and mtDNA copy number, as well as the expression of NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM genes, was detected only at NP stage for all tested markers. Thus, developmental stage-specific sensitivity to BZ of neurally differentiating hiPSC can be linked to mitochondrial biogenesis, while fate commitment decisions to PGC-1α (encoded by PPARGC1A) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Augustyniak
- Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Lenart
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gaj
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krystian Jazdzewski
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawel Stepien
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Bourdeau Julien I, Sephton CF, Dutchak PA. Metabolic Networks Influencing Skeletal Muscle Fiber Composition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:125. [PMID: 30324104 PMCID: PMC6172607 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in metabolomic and genomic research tools are revealing new insights into how metabolic networks can influence skeletal muscle fiber composition. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress of metabolite-dependent signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators that control glycolytic and oxidative metabolism and ultimately influence the type of fibers in muscle depots. These mechanisms expand the role of metabolites beyond that of basic building blocks of cellular components, and illustrate how particular metabolites can take an active role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and fiber adaptation. As new metabolite-dependent mechanisms emerge, ongoing metabolomic studies have begun to help explain why distinct metabolic pathways are used in different biological contexts and widen the view of seminal observations like the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bourdeau Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Chantelle F Sephton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul A Dutchak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
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27
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Jung TW, Lee SH, Kim HC, Bang JS, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Shin YK, Jeong JH. METRNL attenuates lipid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance via AMPK or PPARδ-dependent pathways in skeletal muscle of mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30213948 PMCID: PMC6137187 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has many beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Meteorin-like protein (METRNL), a novel secreted protein homologous to the neurotrophin Metrn, is induced after exercise in the skeletal muscle. Herein, we investigated the effects of METRNL on lipid-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Treatment with METRNL suppressed inflammatory markers, such as nuclear factor κB (NFκB) nuclear translocation, inhibitory κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα and MCP-1). METRNL treatment also attenuated the impaired insulin response both in palmitate-treated differentiated C2C12 cells and the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, METRNL administration rescued glucose intolerance and reduced HFD-induced body weight gain in mice; however, METRNL did not affect calorie intake. METRNL treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation and PPARδ expression both in differentiated C2C12 cells and mouse skeletal muscle. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK and PPARδ abrogated the suppressive effects of METRNL on palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Moreover, METRNL augmented the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-associated genes, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3). siRNAs for AMPK and PPARδ reversed these changes. In the current study, we report for the first time that METRNL alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance and induces fatty acid oxidation through AMPK or PPARδ-dependent signaling in skeletal muscle. Treatment with a hormone that is normally induced following exercise helps alleviate inflammation and insulin resistance in the muscles of obese mice, highlighting a potential new therapeutic strategy for diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Meteorin-like protein (METRNL) is a hormone produced by muscle cells after physical activity and on exposure to cold. A team led by Ji Hoon Jeong and Yong Kyoo Shin from Chung-Ang University
in Seoul, South Korea, observed that levels of METRNL are reduced in mice fed a high-fat diet and in mouse skeletal muscle cells chemically treated to become unresponsive to insulin. Administering METRNL to the cells or mice reduced levels of inflammation, resulting in improved insulin responses. However, these improvements occurred only when certain regulatory molecules were active, revealing a key pathway through which METRNL acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea.
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28
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Botteri G, Salvadó L, Gumà A, Lee Hamilton D, Meakin PJ, Montagut G, Ashford MLJ, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J, Calderón-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Pizarro J, Barroso E, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M. The BACE1 product sAPPβ induces ER stress and inflammation and impairs insulin signaling. Metabolism 2018. [PMID: 29526536 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-secretase/β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme involved in Alzheimer's disease that has recently been implicated in insulin-independent glucose uptake in myotubes. However, it is presently unknown whether BACE1 and the product of its activity, soluble APPβ (sAPPβ), contribute to lipid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Studies were conducted in mouse C2C12 myotubes, skeletal muscle from Bace1-/-mice and mice treated with sAPPβ and adipose tissue and plasma from obese and type 2 diabetic patients. RESULTS We show that BACE1 inhibition or knockdown attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance and prevents the reduction in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and fatty acid oxidation caused by palmitate in myotubes. The effects of palmitate on ER stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, PGC-1α down-regulation, and fatty acid oxidation were mimicked by soluble APPβ in vitro. BACE1 expression was increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese and type 2 diabetic patients and this was accompanied by a decrease in PGC-1α mRNA levels and by an increase in sAPPβ plasma levels of obese type 2 diabetic patients compared to obese non-diabetic subjects. Acute sAPPβ administration to mice reduced PGC-1α levels and increased inflammation in skeletal muscle and decreased insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings indicate that the BACE1 product sAPPβ is a key determinant in ER stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and gluconeogenesis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Botteri
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Salvadó
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gemma Montagut
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Calderón-Dominguez
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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An aPPARent Functional Consequence in Skeletal Muscle Physiology via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051425. [PMID: 29747466 PMCID: PMC5983589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises 30–40% of the total body mass and plays a central role in energy homeostasis in the body. The deregulation of energy homeostasis is a common underlying characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Over the past decades, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in skeletal muscle. The three family members of PPAR have overlapping roles that contribute to the myriad of processes in skeletal muscle. This review aims to provide an overview of the functions of different PPAR members in energy homeostasis as well as during skeletal muscle metabolic disorders, with a particular focus on human and relevant mouse model studies.
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30
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Manio MCC, Matsumura S, Masuda D, Inoue K. CD36 is essential for endurance improvement, changes in whole-body metabolism, and efficient PPAR-related transcriptional responses in the muscle with exercise training. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13282. [PMID: 28526781 PMCID: PMC5449563 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although circulating fatty acids are utilized as energy substrates, they also function as ligands to the peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), a family of fatty acid sensing transcription factors. Exercise training leads to various adaptations in the muscle such as elevation of glycogen content, mitochondrial number as well as upregulation of fatty acid uptake and utilization through downstream transcriptional adaptations. In line with this, CD36 has been shown to be critical in controlling fatty acid uptake and consequently, fatty acid oxidation. We show that exercise training could not ameliorate impaired endurance performance in CD36 KO mice despite intact adaptations in muscle glycogen storage and mitochondrial function. Changes in whole‐body metabolism at rest and during exercise were also suppressed in these animals. Furthermore, there was inefficient upregulation of PPAR and PPAR‐related exercise‐responsive genes with chronic training in CD36 KO mice despite normal upregulation of Pgc1a and mitochondrial genes. Our findings supplement previous observations and emphasize the importance of CD36 in endurance performance, energy production and efficient downstream transcriptional regulation by PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian C Manio
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Globally, diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. Despite this burden, the factors that precipitate the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain to be fully elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with kidney disease in nondiabetic contexts, and increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional renal mitochondria are pathological mediators of DKD. These complex organelles have a broad range of functions, including the generation of ATP. The kidneys are mitochondrially rich, highly metabolic organs that require vast amounts of ATP for their normal function. The delivery of metabolic substrates for ATP production, such as fatty acids and oxygen, is altered by diabetes. Changes in metabolic fuel sources in diabetes to meet ATP demands result in increased oxygen consumption, which contributes to renal hypoxia. Inherited factors including mutations in genes that impact mitochondrial function and/or substrate delivery may also be important risk factors for DKD. Hence, we postulate that the diabetic milieu and inherited factors that underlie abnormalities in mitochondrial function synergistically drive the development and progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Extract of Aster glehni F. Schmidt Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the Regulation of PPAR δ and Adiponectin in ApoE KO Mice. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:3912567. [PMID: 29201040 PMCID: PMC5672637 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aster glehni is well known for its therapeutic properties. This study was performed to investigate the effects of A. glehni on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in atherosclerotic condition, by determining the levels of biomarkers related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in serum, liver, and adipose tissue. Body and abdominal adipose tissue weights and serum triglyceride level decreased in all groups treated with A. glehni. Serum adiponectin concentration and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, superoxide dismutase, and PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha in liver tissues increased in the groups treated with A. glehni. Conversely, protein levels of ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and the concentrations of interleukin 6 and reactive oxygen species decreased upon A. glehni. Triglyceride concentration in the liver was lower in mice treated with A. glehni than in control mice. Lipid accumulation in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells decreased upon A. glehni treatment; this effect was suppressed in the presence of the PPARδ antagonist, GSK0660. Our findings suggest that A. glehni extracts may ameliorate NAFLD through regulation of PPARδ, adiponectin, and the related subgenes.
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33
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Grings M, Moura AP, Parmeggiani B, Pletsch JT, Cardoso GMF, August PM, Matté C, Wyse ATS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Bezafibrate prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant system disturbance, glial reactivity and neuronal damage induced by sulfite administration in striatum of rats: Implications for a possible therapeutic strategy for sulfite oxidase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2135-2148. [PMID: 28529047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite accumulates in tissues of patients affected by sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency, a neurometabolic disease characterized by seizures and progressive encephalopathy, often resulting in early death. We investigated the effects of sulfite on mitochondrial function, antioxidant system, glial reactivity and neuronal damage in rat striatum, as well as the potential protective effects of bezafibrate on sulfite-induced toxicity. Thirty-day-old rats were intrastriatally administered with sulfite (2μmol) or NaCl (2μmol; control) and euthanized 30min after injection for evaluation of biochemical parameters and western blotting, or 7days after injection for analysis of glial reactivity and neuronal damage. Treatment with bezafibrate (30 or 100mg/kg/day) was performed by gavage during 7days before (pre-treatment) or after sulfite administration. Sulfite decreased creatine kinase and citrate synthase activities, mitochondrial mass, and PGC-1α nuclear content whereas bezafibrate pre-treatment prevented these alterations. Sulfite also diminished cytochrome c oxidase (COX) IV-1 content, glutathione levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). On the other hand, catalase activity was increased by sulfite. Bezafibrate pre-treatment prevented the reduction of GPx, GR, GST and G6PDH activities. Finally, sulfite induced glial reactivity and neuronal damage, which were prevented by bezafibrate when administered before or after sulfite administration. Our findings provide strong evidence that sulfite induces neurotoxicity that leads to glial reactivity and neuronal damage. Since bezafibrate exerts neuroprotective effects against sulfite toxicity, it may be an attractive agent for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for SO-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Pimentel Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Tauana Pletsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miranda Fernandez Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Maciel August
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Oh S, Lee MS, Jung S, Kim S, Park H, Park S, Kim SY, Kim CT, Jo YH, Kim IH, Kim Y. Ginger extract increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and serum HDL-cholesterol level in high-fat diet-fed rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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PPAR-delta promotes survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in energetically unfavorable conditions. Leukemia 2017; 31:1905-1914. [PMID: 28050012 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the mechanisms that allow chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to survive in harsh cancer microenvironments should improve patient outcomes. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) sustains other cancers, and in silico analysis showed higher PPARD expression in CLL cells than normal lymphocytes and other hematologic cancers. A direct association was found between PPARδ protein levels in CLL cells and clinical score. Transgenic expression of PPARδ increased the growth and survival of CD5+ Daudi cells and primary CLL cells in stressful conditions including exhausted tissue culture media, low extracellular glucose, hypoxia and exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Glucocorticoids and synthetic PPARδ agonists up-regulated PPARD expression and also protected Daudi and primary CLL cells from metabolic stressors. Survival in low glucose was related to increased antioxidant expression, substrate utilization and mitochondrial performance, and was reversed by genetic deletion and synthetic PPARδ antagonists. These findings suggest PPARδ conditions CLL cells to survive in harsh microenvironmental conditions by reducing oxidative stress and increasing metabolic efficiency. Targeting PPARδ may be beneficial in the treatment of CLL.
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36
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PPARs and Mitochondrial Metabolism: From NAFLD to HCC. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7403230. [PMID: 28115925 PMCID: PMC5223052 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7403230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are widespread threats which bring about a significant burden of deaths worldwide, mainly due to cardiovascular events and cancer. The pathogenesis of these diseases is extremely complex, multifactorial, and only partially understood. As the main metabolic organ, the liver is central to maintain whole body energetic homeostasis. At the cellular level, mitochondria are the metabolic hub connecting and integrating all the main biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory signaling pathways to fulfill the energetic and biosynthetic demand of the cell. In the liver, mitochondria metabolism needs to cope with the energetic regulation of the whole body. The nuclear receptors PPARs orchestrate lipid and glucose metabolism and are involved in a variety of diseases, from metabolic disorders to cancer. In this review, focus is placed on the roles of PPARs in the regulation of liver mitochondrial metabolism in physiology and pathology, from NAFLD to HCC.
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Koga T, Yao PL, Goudarzi M, Murray IA, Balandaram G, Gonzalez FJ, Perdew GH, Fornace AJ, Peters JM. Regulation of Cytochrome P450 2B10 (CYP2B10) Expression in Liver by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-β/δ Modulation of SP1 Promoter Occupancy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25255-25263. [PMID: 27765815 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is a pathological condition caused by overconsumption of alcohol. Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease, there remains a need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its etiology and to develop new treatments. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) modulates ethanol-induced hepatic effects, the present study examined alterations in gene expression that may contribute to this disease. Chronic ethanol treatment causes increased hepatic CYP2B10 expression inPparβ/δ+/+ mice but not in Pparβ/δ-/- mice. Nuclear and cytosolic localization of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a transcription factor known to regulate Cyp2b10 expression, was not different between genotypes. PPARγ co-activator 1α, a co-activator of both CAR and PPARβ/δ, was up-regulated in Pparβ/δ+/+ liver following ethanol exposure, but not in Pparβ/δ-/- liver. Functional mapping of the Cyp2b10 promoter and ChIP assays revealed that PPARβ/δ-dependent modulation of SP1 promoter occupancy up-regulated Cyp2b10 expression in response to ethanol. These results suggest that PPARβ/δ regulates Cyp2b10 expression indirectly by modulating SP1 and PPARγ co-activator 1α expression and/or activity independent of CAR activity. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ attenuates ethanol-induced Cyp2b10 expression in Pparβ/δ+/+ liver but not in Pparβ/δ-/- liver. Strikingly, Cyp2b10 suppression by ligand activation of PPARβ/δ following ethanol treatment occurred in hepatocytes and was mediated by paracrine signaling from Kupffer cells. Combined, results from the present study demonstrate a novel regulatory role of PPARβ/δ in modulating CYP2B10 that may contribute to the etiology of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Pei-Li Yao
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., 20057, and
| | - Iain A Murray
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gayathri Balandaram
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- the Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gary H Perdew
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Albert J Fornace
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., 20057, and
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
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Manio MCC, Inoue K, Fujitani M, Matsumura S, Fushiki T. Combined pharmacological activation of AMPK and PPARδ potentiates the effects of exercise in trained mice. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/5/e12625. [PMID: 26997622 PMCID: PMC4823600 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined activation of the cellular energy sensor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPARδ) has been demonstrated to improve endurance and muscle function by mimicking the effects of exercise training. However, their combined pharmacological activation with exercise training has not been explored. Balb/c mice were trained on a treadmill and administered both the AMPK activator AICAR and the PPARδ agonist GW0742 for 4 weeks. AICAR treatment potentiated endurance, but the combination of AICAR and GW0742 further potentiated endurance and increased all running parameters significantly relative to exercised and nonexercised groups (138–179% and 355% increase in running time, respectively). Despite the lack of change in basal whole‐body metabolism, a significant shift to fat as the main energy source with a decline in carbohydrate utilization was observed upon indirect calorimetry analysis at the period near exhaustion. Increased energy substrates before exercise, and elevated muscle nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and elevated muscle glycogen at exhaustion were observed together with increased PDK4 mRNA expression. Citrate synthase activity was elevated in AICAR‐treated groups, while PGC‐1α protein level tended to be increased in GW0742‐treated groups. At exhaustion, Pgc1a was robustly upregulated together with Pdk4, Cd36, and Lpl in the muscle. A robust upregulation of Pgc1a and a downregulation in Chrebp were observed in the liver. Our data show that combined pharmacological activation of AMPK and PPARδ potentiates endurance in trained mice by transcriptional changes in muscle and liver, increased available energy substrates, delayed hypoglycemia through glycogen sparing accompanied by increased NEFA availability, and improved substrate shift from carbohydrate to fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian C Manio
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mina Fujitani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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De Virgilio A, Greco A, Fabbrini G, Inghilleri M, Rizzo MI, Gallo A, Conte M, Rosato C, Ciniglio Appiani M, de Vincentiis M. Parkinson's disease: Autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1005-11. [PMID: 27497913 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The resulting dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia leads to a movement disorder that is characterized by classical parkinsonian motor symptoms. Parkinson's disease is recognized as the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. PD ethiopathogenesis remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immunologic conditions. The past decade has provided evidence for a significant role of the immune system in PD pathogenesis, either through inflammation or an autoimmune response. Several autoantibodies directed at antigens associated with PD pathogenesis have been identified in PD patients. This immune activation may be the cause of, rather than a response to, the observed neuronal loss. Parkinsonian motor symptoms include bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and resting tremor. The non-motor features include olfactory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and autonomic dysfunction. Microscopically, the specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies, which are brain deposits containing a substantial amount of α-synuclein, have been recognized. The progression of Parkinson's disease is characterized by a worsening of motor features; however, as the disease progresses, there is an emergence of complications related to long-term symptomatic treatment. The available therapies for Parkinson's disease only treat the symptoms of the disease. A major goal of Parkinson's disease research is the development of disease-modifying drugs that slow or stop the neurodegenerative process. Drugs that enhance the intracerebral dopamine concentrations or stimulate dopamine receptors remain the mainstay treatment for motor symptoms. Immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies aiming to attenuate PD neurodegeneration have become an attractive option and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando De Virgilio
- Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgical Science, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Rizzo
- Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgical Science, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gallo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Otorhinolaryngology Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Michela Conte
- Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosato
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Otorhinolaryngology Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Mario Ciniglio Appiani
- Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgical Science, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
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40
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Wang X, Wang G, Shi Y, Sun L, Gorczynski R, Li YJ, Xu Z, Spaner DE. PPAR-delta promotes survival of breast cancer cells in harsh metabolic conditions. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e232. [PMID: 27270614 PMCID: PMC4945742 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) in breast cancer cells is negatively associated with patient survival, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. High PPARδ protein levels in rat breast adenocarcinomas were found to be associated with increased growth in soft agar and mice. Transgenic expression of PPARδ increased the ability of human breast cancer cell lines to migrate in vitro and form lung metastases in mice. PPARδ also conferred the ability to grow in exhausted tissue culture media and survive in low-glucose and other endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions such as hypoxia. Upregulation of PPARδ by glucocorticoids or synthetic agonists also protected human breast cancer cells from low glucose. Survival in low glucose was related to increased antioxidant defenses mediated in part by catalase and also to late AKT phosphorylation, which is associated with the prolonged glucose-deprivation response. Synthetic antagonists reversed the survival benefits conferred by PPARδ in vitro. These findings suggest that PPARδ conditions breast cancer cells to survive in harsh microenvironmental conditions by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing survival signaling responses. Drugs that target PPARδ may have a role in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - G Wang
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Shi
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Sun
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - R Gorczynski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y-J Li
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - D E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Barlaka E, Galatou E, Mellidis K, Ravingerova T, Lazou A. Role of Pleiotropic Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Heart: Focus on the Nonmetabolic Effects in Cardiac Protection. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:37-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mellidis
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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Abstract
In addition to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria perform other functions such as heme biosynthesis and oxygen sensing and mediate calcium homeostasis, cell growth, and cell death. They participate in cell communication and regulation of inflammation and are important considerations in aging, drug toxicity, and pathogenesis. The cell's capacity to maintain its mitochondria involves intramitochondrial processes, such as heme and protein turnover, and those involving entire organelles, such as fusion, fission, selective mitochondrial macroautophagy (mitophagy), and mitochondrial biogenesis. The integration of these processes exemplifies mitochondrial quality control (QC), which is also important in cellular disorders ranging from primary mitochondrial genetic diseases to those that involve mitochondria secondarily, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic syndromes. Consequently, mitochondrial biology represents a potentially useful, but relatively unexploited area of therapeutic innovation. In patients with genetic OXPHOS disorders, the largest group of inborn errors of metabolism, effective therapies, apart from symptomatic and nutritional measures, are largely lacking. Moreover, the genetic and biochemical heterogeneity of these states is remarkably similar to those of certain acquired diseases characterized by metabolic and oxidative stress and displaying wide variability. This biologic variability reflects cell-specific and repair processes that complicate rational pharmacological approaches to both primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. However, emerging concepts of mitochondrial turnover and dynamics along with new mitochondrial disease models are providing opportunities to develop and evaluate mitochondrial QC-based therapies. The goals of such therapies extend beyond amelioration of energy insufficiency and tissue loss and entail cell repair, cell replacement, and the prevention of fibrosis. This review summarizes current concepts of mitochondria as disease elements and outlines novel strategies to address mitochondrial dysfunction through the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Departments of Medicine (C.A.P.), Anesthesiology (H.B.S.), Duke Cancer Institute (H.B.S.), and Pathology (C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Departments of Medicine (C.A.P.), Anesthesiology (H.B.S.), Duke Cancer Institute (H.B.S.), and Pathology (C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina
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43
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Percival ME, Martin BJ, Gillen JB, Skelly LE, MacInnis MJ, Green AE, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion augments the increase in PGC-1α mRNA expression during recovery from intense interval exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1303-12. [PMID: 26384407 PMCID: PMC4669344 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) prior to an acute session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would augment signaling cascades and gene expression linked to mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. On two occasions separated by ∼1 wk, nine men (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 2 yr, weight 78 ± 13 kg, V̇O(2 peak) 48 ± 8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) performed 10 × 60-s cycling efforts at an intensity eliciting ∼90% of maximal heart rate (263 ± 40 W), interspersed with 60 s of recovery. In a double-blind, crossover manner, subjects ingested a total of 0.4 g/kg body weight NaHCO3 before exercise (BICARB) or an equimolar amount of a placebo, sodium chloride (PLAC). Venous blood bicarbonate and pH were elevated at all time points after ingestion (P < 0.05) in BICARB vs. PLAC. During exercise, muscle glycogen utilization (126 ± 47 vs. 53 ± 38 mmol/kg dry weight, P < 0.05) and blood lactate accumulation (12.8 ± 2.6 vs. 10.5 ± 2.8 mmol/liter, P < 0.05) were greater in BICARB vs. PLAC. The acute exercise-induced increase in the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a downstream marker of AMP-activated protein kinase activity, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). However, the increase in PGC-1α mRNA expression after 3 h of recovery was higher in BICARB vs. PLAC (approximately sevenfold vs. fivefold compared with rest, P < 0.05). We conclude that NaHCO3 before HIIT alters the mRNA expression of this key regulatory protein associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. The elevated PGC-1α mRNA response provides a putative mechanism to explain the enhanced mitochondrial adaptation observed after chronic HIIT supplemented with NaHCO3 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Percival
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Brian J Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Lauren E Skelly
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Alex E Green
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
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Esmaeili MA, Yadav S, Gupta RK, Waggoner GR, Deloach A, Calingasan NY, Beal MF, Kiaei M. Preferential PPAR-α activation reduces neuroinflammation, and blocks neurodegeneration in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:317-27. [PMID: 26604138 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, immune reactivity and mitochondrial abnormalities are considered as causes and/or contributors to neuronal degeneration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate both inflammatory and multiple other pathways that are implicated in neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of fenofibrate (Tricor), a pan-PPAR agonist that activates PPAR-α as well as other PPARs. We administered fenofibrate to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1(G93A)) mice daily prior to any detectable phenotypes and then animal behavior, pathology and longevity were assessed. Treated animals showed a significant slowing of the progression of disease with weight loss attenuation, enhanced motor performance, delayed onset and survival extension. Histopathological analysis of the spinal cords showed that neuronal loss was significantly attenuated in fenofibrate-treated mice. Mitochondria were preserved as indicated by Cytochrome c immunostaining in the spinal cord, which maybe partly due to increased expression of the PPAR-γ co-activator 1-α. The total mRNA analysis revealed that neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory genes were elevated, while neuroinflammatory genes were down-regulated. This study demonstrates that the activation of PPAR-α action via fenofibrate leads to neuroprotection by both reducing neuroinflammation and protecting mitochondria, which leads to a significant increase in survival in SOD1(G93A) mice. Therefore, the development of therapeutic strategies to activate PPAR-α as well as other PPARs may lead to new therapeutic agents to slow or halt the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Esmaeili
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience and
| | - Shilpi Yadav
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience and
| | - Ravi Kr Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205 AR, USA and
| | - Garrett R Waggoner
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience and
| | - Abigail Deloach
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience and
| | - Noel Y Calingasan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Flint Beal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kiaei
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience and,
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45
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Cho Y, Hazen BC, Gandra PG, Ward SR, Schenk S, Russell AP, Kralli A. Perm1 enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative capacity, and fatigue resistance in adult skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2015; 30:674-87. [PMID: 26481306 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity are important determinants of muscle function and whole-body health. Mitochondrial content and function are enhanced by endurance exercise and impaired in states or diseases where muscle function is compromised, such as myopathies, muscular dystrophies, neuromuscular diseases, and age-related muscle atrophy. Hence, elucidating the mechanisms that control muscle mitochondrial content and oxidative function can provide new insights into states and diseases that affect muscle health. In past studies, we identified Perm1 (PPARGC1- and ESRR-induced regulator, muscle 1) as a gene induced by endurance exercise in skeletal muscle, and regulating mitochondrial oxidative function in cultured myotubes. The capacity of Perm1 to regulate muscle mitochondrial content and function in vivo is not yet known. In this study, we use adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to increase Perm1 expression in skeletal muscles of 4-wk-old mice. Compared to control vector, AAV1-Perm1 leads to significant increases in mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity (by 40-80%). Moreover, AAV1-Perm1-transduced muscles show increased capillary density and resistance to fatigue (by 33 and 31%, respectively), without prominent changes in fiber-type composition. These findings suggest that Perm1 selectively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function, and implicate Perm1 in muscle adaptations that also occur in response to endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Cho
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Paulo G Gandra
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Samuel R Ward
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Simon Schenk
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- *Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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Tischner C, Wenz T. Keep the fire burning: Current avenues in the quest of treating mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2015; 24:32-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Viscomi C, Bottani E, Zeviani M. Emerging concepts in the therapy of mitochondrial disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:544-57. [PMID: 25766847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are an important group of genetic conditions characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial disorders come with an impressive variability of symptoms, organ involvement, and clinical course, which considerably impact the quality of life and quite often shorten the lifespan expectancy. Although the last 20 years have witnessed an exponential increase in understanding the genetic and biochemical mechanisms leading to disease, this has not resulted in the development of effective therapeutic approaches, amenable of improving clinical course and outcome of these conditions to any significant extent. Therapeutic options for mitochondrial diseases still remain focused on supportive interventions aimed at relieving complications. However, new therapeutic strategies have recently been emerging, some of which have shown potential efficacy at the pre-clinical level. This review will present the state of the art on experimental therapy for mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Viscomi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy; MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | | | - Massimo Zeviani
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, The Foundation "Carlo Besta" Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy; MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Komen JC, Thorburn DR. Turn up the power - pharmacological activation of mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse models. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1818-36. [PMID: 24102298 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in mitochondria is responsible for the generation of the majority of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Patients with genetic OXPHOS disorders form the largest group of inborn errors of metabolism. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of efficient therapies for these disorders other than management of symptoms. Developing therapies has been complicated because, although the total group of OXPHOS patients is relatively large, there is enormous clinical and genetic heterogeneity within this patient population. Thus there has been a lot of interest in generating relevant mouse models for the different kinds of OXPHOS disorders. The most common treatment strategies tested in these mouse models have aimed to up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, in order to increase the residual OXPHOS activity present in affected animals and thereby to ameliorate the energy deficiency. Drugs such as bezafibrate, resveratrol and AICAR target the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis PGC-1α either directly or indirectly to manipulate mitochondrial metabolism. This review will summarize the outcome of preclinical treatment trials with these drugs in mouse models of OXPHOS disorders and discuss similar treatments in a number of mouse models of common diseases in which pathology is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. In the majority of these studies the pharmacological activation of the PGC-1α axis shows true potential as therapy; however, other effects besides mitochondrial biogenesis may be contributing to this as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Komen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gavaldà-Navarro A, Villena JA, Planavila A, Viñas O, Mampel T. Expression of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) isoform genes is controlled by PGC-1α through different transcription factors. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:2126-36. [PMID: 24819348 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) isoforms are mitochondrial proteins encoded by nuclear DNA that catalyze the exchange of ATP generated in the mitochondria for ADP produced in the cytosol. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ [PPAR-γ] coactivator 1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, in the regulation of the expression of ANT isoform genes and to identify the transcription factors involved. We found that PGC-1α overexpression induced the expression of all ANT human and mouse isoforms but to different degrees. The transcription factor ERRα was involved in PGC-1α-induced expression of all human ANT isoforms (hANT1-3) in HeLa cells as well as in the regulation of mouse isoforms (mANT1-2) in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, even though ANT isoforms have important physiological differences and are regulated in a tissue-specific manner. In addition to ERRα, PPARδ and mTOR pathways were involved in the induction of mANT1-2 by PGC-1α in C2C12 myotubes, while PPARγ was involved in PGC-1α-regulation of mANT1-2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the regulation of mANT genes by PGC-1α was also observed in vivo in knockout mouse models lacking PGC-1α. In summary, our results show that the regulation of genes encoding ANT isoforms is controlled by PGC-1α through different transcription factors depending on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Pérez-Schindler J, Svensson K, Vargas-Fernández E, Santos G, Wahli W, Handschin C. The coactivator PGC-1α regulates skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism independently of the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ in sedentary mice fed a regular chow diet. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2405-12. [PMID: 25116175 PMCID: PMC4657154 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Physical activity improves oxidative capacity and exerts therapeutic beneficial effects, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ have both been independently discovered to play a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle, though their interdependence remains unclear. Hence, our aim was to determine the functional interaction between these two factors in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo. METHODS Adult male control mice, PGC-1α muscle-specific transgenic (mTg) mice, PPARβ/δ muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice and the combination PPARβ/δ mKO + PGC-1α mTg mice were studied under basal conditions and following PPARβ/δ agonist administration and acute exercise. Whole-body metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry and blood analysis, while magnetic resonance was used to measure body composition. Quantitative PCR and western blot were used to determine gene expression and intracellular signalling. The proportion of oxidative muscle fibre was determined by NADH staining. RESULTS Agonist-induced PPARβ/δ activation was only disrupted by PPARβ/δ knockout. We also found that the disruption of the PGC-1α-PPARβ/δ axis did not affect whole-body metabolism under basal conditions. As expected, PGC-1α mTg mice exhibited higher exercise performance, peak oxygen consumption and lower blood lactate levels following exercise, though PPARβ/δ mKO + PGC-1α mTg mice showed a similar phenotype. Similarly, we found that PPARβ/δ was dispensable for PGC-1α-mediated enhancement of an oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Collectively, these results indicate that PPARβ/δ is not an essential partner of PGC-1α in the control of skeletal muscle energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gesa Santos
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Center Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 169612
| | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Christoph Handschin, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Phone: +41 61 267 2378,
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