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Burchat N, Vidola J, Pfreundschuh S, Sharma P, Rizzolo D, Guo GL, Sampath H. Intestinal stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 regulates energy balance via alterations in bile acid homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575400. [PMID: 38260602 PMCID: PMC10802577 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids and plays an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that mice deficient in SCD1 are protected from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis due to altered lipid esterification and increased energy expenditure. Previous studies in our lab have shown that intestinal SCD1 modulates intestinal and plasma lipids and alters cholesterol metabolism. Here we investigated a novel role for intestinal SCD1 in the regulation of systemic energy balance. Methods To interrogate the role of intestinal SCD1 in modulating whole body metabolism, intestine-specific Scd1 knockout (iKO) mice were maintained on standard chow diet or challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Studies included analyses of bile acid content and composition, metabolic phenotyping including body composition, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance analyses, and assessment of bile acid signaling pathways. Results iKO mice displayed elevated plasma and hepatic bile acid content and decreased fecal bile acid excretion, associated with increased expression of the ileal bile acid uptake transporter, Asbt . These increases were associated with increased expression of TGR5 targets, including Dio2 in brown adipose tissue and elevated plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels. Upon HFD challenge, iKO mice had reduced metabolic efficiency apparent through decreased weight gain despite higher food intake. Concomitantly, energy expenditure was increased, and glucose tolerance was improved in HFD-fed iKO mice. Conclusion Our results indicate that deletion of intestinal SCD1 has significant impacts on bile acid metabolism and whole-body energy balance, likely via activation of TGR5.
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2
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Lin H, Li J, Sun M, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhang W, Lv G, Wang Y, Lin Z. Effects of hazelnut soluble dietary fiber on lipid-lowering and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-fed rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128538. [PMID: 38043651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut is one of the most popular nuts in the world, rich in nutrients and various active substances. In this study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted from hazelnut kernels, and its physicochemical properties and absorbability were explored. Hazelnut-SDF exhibited ideal water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacity, and glucose, cholesterol and cholate absorbing ability. Scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that hazelnut-SDF had typical polysaccharide structure of functional groups. The main monosaccharides were identified as arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, ribose, glucuronic acid, mannose and glucose by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In high-fat diet rats, hazelnut-SDF could improve serum lipid parameters, inhibit lipid accumulation in liver and adipocytes, and regulate the expression level of liver lipid synthesis-related genes. It also could adjust intestinal short chain fatty acids, promote the composition and structure of intestinal microbiota, and significantly balance the abundance of Alloprevotella, Fusicatenibacter, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Clostridiales. The results concluded that oral administration of hazelnut-SDF could alleviate hyperlipidemia and obesity, and might serve as a potential functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhe Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfu Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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3
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Lastuvkova H, Nova Z, Hroch M, Alaei Faradonbeh F, Schreiberova J, Mokry J, Faistova H, Stefela A, Dusek J, Kucera O, Hyspler R, Dohnalkova E, Bayer RL, Hirsova P, Pavek P, Micuda S. Carvedilol impairs bile acid homeostasis in mice: implication for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:200-217. [PMID: 37632784 PMCID: PMC10682974 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is a widely used beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist for multiple cardiovascular indications; however, it may induce cholestasis in patients, but the mechanism for this effect is unclear. Carvedilol also prevents the development of various forms of experimental liver injury, but its effect on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is largely unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) on bile formation and bile acid (BA) turnover in male C57BL/6 mice consuming either a chow diet or a western-type NASH-inducing diet. BAs were profiled by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and BA-related enzymes, transporters, and regulators were evaluated by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. In chow diet-fed mice, carvedilol increased plasma concentrations of BAs resulting from reduced BA uptake to hepatocytes via Ntcp transporter downregulation. Inhibition of the β-adrenoreceptor-cAMP-Epac1-Ntcp pathway by carvedilol may be the post-transcriptional mechanism underlying this effect. In contrast, carvedilol did not worsen the deterioration of BA homeostasis accompanying NASH; however, it shifted the spectra of BAs toward more hydrophilic and less toxic α-muricholic and hyocholic acids. This positive effect of carvedilol was associated with a significant attenuation of liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that carvedilol may increase BAs in plasma by modifying their liver transport. In addition, carvedilol provided significant hepatoprotection in a NASH murine model without worsening BA accumulation. These data suggest beneficial effects of carvedilol in patients at high risk for developing NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lastuvkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Schreiberova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Faistova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Stefela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kucera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radomír Hyspler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Dohnalkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel L Bayer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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4
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Álvarez D, Ortiz M, Valdebenito G, Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Maliqueo M. Effects of a High-Fat Diet and Docosahexaenoic Acid during Pregnancy on Fatty Acid Composition in the Fetal Livers of Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4696. [PMID: 37960348 PMCID: PMC10649644 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy promotes fat accumulation and reduces docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the liver of the offspring at postnatal ages, which can depend on fetal sex. However, the prenatal mechanisms behind these associations are still unclear. Thus, we analyzed if an HFD alters DHA content and the expression of molecules related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the fetal liver. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet or HFD for 4-6 weeks before pregnancy until the gestational day (GD) 17.5. A subgroup of each diet received DHA (100 mg/Kg) orally from GD 6.5 until 16.5. On GD 17.5, maternal livers, placentas, and livers from male and female fetuses were collected for FA profiling with gas-chromatography and gene expression of molecules related to FA metabolism using qPCR. PPAR-α protein expression was evaluated using Western blot. The gene expression of placental FA transporters was also assessed. An HFD increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decreased DHA levels and protein expression of PPAR-α in the fetal livers of both sexes. DHA increased the gene expression of Ppara, Cpt1, and Acsl1 in the livers of female fetuses. Therefore, an HFD reduces DHA levels and PPAR-α, a master regulator of gene expression, in the fetal liver. In turn, the livers of female fetuses seem to be more sensitive to DHA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Gabriel Valdebenito
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
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5
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Wu M, Lo TH, Li L, Sun J, Deng C, Chan KY, Li X, Yeh STY, Lee JTH, Lui PPY, Xu A, Wong CM. Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F1 ( Adgrf1). eLife 2023; 12:e85131. [PMID: 37580962 PMCID: PMC10427146 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has shown that the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F1 (Adgrf1; also known as GPR110; PGR19; KPG_012; hGPCR36) is an oncogene. The evidence is mainly based on high expression of Adgrf1 in numerous cancer types, and knockdown Adgrf1 can reduce the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Adgrf1 is, however, mostly expressed in the liver of healthy individuals. The function of Adgrf1 in liver has not been revealed. Interestingly, expression level of hepatic Adgrf1 is dramatically decreased in obese subjects. Here, the research examined whether Adgrf1 has a role in liver metabolism. Methods We used recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery system, and antisense oligonucleotide was used to manipulate the hepatic Adgrf1 expression level in diet-induced obese mice to investigate the role of Adgrf1 in hepatic steatosis. The clinical relevance was examined using transcriptome profiling and archived biopsy specimens of liver tissues from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with different degree of fatty liver. Results The expression of Adgrf1 in the liver was directly correlated to fat content in the livers of both obese mice and NAFLD patients. Stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 (Scd1), a crucial enzyme in hepatic de novo lipogenesis, was identified as a downstream target of Adgrf1 by RNA-sequencing analysis. Treatment with the liver-specific Scd1 inhibitor MK8245 and specific shRNAs against Scd1 in primary hepatocytes improved the hepatic steatosis of Adgrf1-overexpressing mice and lipid profile of hepatocytes, respectively. Conclusions These results indicate Adgrf1 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through controlling the expression of Scd1. Downregulation of Adgrf1 expression can potentially serve as a protective mechanism to stop the overaccumulation of fat in the liver in obese subjects. Overall, the above findings not only reveal a new mechanism regulating the progression of NAFLD, but also proposed a novel therapeutic approach to combat NAFLD by targeting Adgrf1. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870586), Area of Excellence (AoE/M-707/18), and General Research Fund (15101520) to CMW, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270941, 81974117) to SJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tak-Ho Lo
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
| | - Liping Li
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityChinaChina
| | - Jia Sun
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityChinaChina
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ka-Ying Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
| | | | - Jimmy Tsz Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Pauline Po Yee Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research InstituteHong KongChina
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6
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Grajchen E, Loix M, Baeten P, Côrte-Real BF, Hamad I, Vanherle S, Haidar M, Dehairs J, Broos JY, Ntambi JM, Zimmermann R, Breinbauer R, Stinissen P, Hellings N, Verberk SGS, Kooij G, Giera M, Swinnen JV, Broux B, Kleinewietfeld M, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Fatty acid desaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:666-679. [PMID: 37041314 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pathogenic and protective T cell subsets is a cardinal feature of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging evidence indicates that endogenous and dietary-induced changes in fatty acid metabolism have a major impact on both T cell fate and autoimmunity. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of fatty acid metabolism on T cell physiology and autoimmunity remain poorly understood. Here, we report that stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme essential for the desaturation of fatty acids and highly regulated by dietary factors, acts as an endogenous brake on regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation and augments autoimmunity in an animal model of MS in a T cell-dependent manner. Guided by RNA sequencing and lipidomics analysis, we found that the absence of Scd1 in T cells promotes the hydrolysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine through adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). ATGL-dependent release of docosahexaenoic acid enhanced Treg differentiation by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Our findings identify fatty acid desaturation by SCD1 as an essential determinant of Treg differentiation and autoimmunity, with potentially broad implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and dietary interventions for autoimmune disorders such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Grajchen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Beatriz F Côrte-Real
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Y Broos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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7
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O’Neill LM, Phang YX, Liu Z, Lewis SA, Aljohani A, McGahee A, Wade G, Kalyesubula M, Simcox J, Ntambi JM. Hepatic Oleate Regulates Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 1 Partially through the mTORC1-FGF21 Axis during High-Carbohydrate Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14671. [PMID: 36498997 PMCID: PMC9737156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) catalyzes the rate-liming step of monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and is a key regulator of systemic glucose metabolism. Mice harboring either a global (GKO) or liver-specific deletion (LKO) of Scd1 display enhanced insulin signaling and whole-body glucose uptake. Additionally, GKO and LKO mice are protected from high-carbohydrate diet-induced obesity. Given that high-carbohydrate diets can lead to chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis, it is critical to understand how Scd1 deficiency confers metabolically beneficial phenotypes. Here we show that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), a hepatokine that has been reported to enhance insulin signaling, is significantly elevated in the liver and plasma of GKO and LKO mice fed a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet. We also observed that the expression of hepatic Igfbp1 is regulated by oleic acid (18:1n9), a product of SCD1, through the mTORC1-FGF21 axis both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. O’Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yar Xin Phang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhaojin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah A. Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ahmed Aljohani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayren McGahee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gina Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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8
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SCD1 is nutritionally and spatially regulated in the intestine and influences systemic postprandial lipid homeostasis and gut-liver crosstalk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159195. [PMID: 35718096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane resident protein that inserts a double bond into saturated fatty acids, converting them into their monounsaturated counterparts. Previous studies have demonstrated an important role for SCD1 in modulating tissue and systemic health. Specifically, lack of hepatic or cutaneous SCD1 results in significant reductions in tissue esterified lipids. While the intestine is an important site of lipid esterification and assimilation into the body, the regulation of intestinal SCD1 or its impact on lipid composition in the intestine and other tissues has not been investigated. Here we report that unlike other lipogenic enzymes, SCD1 is enriched in the distal small intestine and in the colon of chow-fed mice and is robustly upregulated by acute refeeding of a high-sucrose diet. We generated a mouse model lacking SCD1 specifically in the intestine (iKO mice). These mice have significant reductions not only in intestinal lipids, but also in plasma triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol. Additionally, hepatic accumulation of diacylglycerols is significantly reduced in iKO mice. Comprehensive targeted lipidomic profiling revealed a consistent reduction in the myristoleic (14:1) to myristic (14:0) acid ratios in intestine, liver, and plasma of iKO mice. Consistent with the reduction of the monounsaturated fatty acid myristoleic acid in hepatic lipids of chow fed iKO mice, hepatic expression of Pgc-1α, Sirt1, and related fatty acid oxidation genes were reduced in chow-fed iKO mice. Further, lack of intestinal SCD1 reduced expression of de novo lipogenic genes in distal intestine of chow-fed mice and in the livers of mice fed a lipogenic high-sucrose diet. Taken together, these studies reveal a novel pattern of expression of SCD1 in the intestine. They also demonstrate that intestinal SCD1 modulates lipid content and composition of not only intestinal tissues, but also that of plasma and liver. Further, these data point to intestinal SCD1 as a modulator of gut-liver crosstalk, potentially through the production of novel signaling lipids such as myristoleic acid. These data have important implications to understanding how intestinal SCD1 may modulate risk for post-prandial lipemia, hepatic steatosis, and related pathologies.
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9
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Harlan B, Park HG, Spektor R, Cummings B, Brenna JT, Soloway PD. Single-cell chromatin accessibility and lipid profiling reveals SCD1-dependent metabolic shift in adipocytes induced by bariatric surgery. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261783. [PMID: 34972124 PMCID: PMC8719700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic pathologies. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is used to treat obesity resulting in long-term weight loss and health improvements that precede weight loss; however, the mechanisms underlying the immediate benefits remain incompletely understood. Because adipose plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and utilization, we hypothesized that VSG exerts its influences, in part, by modulating adipose functional states. We applied single-cell ATAC sequencing and lipid profiling to inguinal and epididymal adipose depots from mice that received sham surgery or VSG. We observed depot-specific cellular composition and chromatin accessibility patterns that were altered by VSG. Specifically, accessibility at Scd1, a fatty acid desaturase, was substantially reduced after VSG in mature adipocytes of inguinal but not epididymal depots. This was accompanied by reduced accumulation of SCD1-produced unsaturated fatty acids. Given these findings and reports that reductions in Scd1 attenuate obesity and insulin resistance our results suggest VSG exerts its beneficial effects through an inguinal depot-specific reduction of SCD1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Harlan
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roman Spektor
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bethany Cummings
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Soloway
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Burchat N, Sharma P, Ye H, Komakula SSB, Dobrzyn A, Vartanian V, Lloyd RS, Sampath H. Maternal Transmission of Human OGG1 Protects Mice Against Genetically- and Diet-Induced Obesity Through Increased Tissue Mitochondrial Content. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718962. [PMID: 34604220 PMCID: PMC8480284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders are pressing public health concerns, raising the risk for a multitude of chronic diseases. Obesity is multi-factorial disease, with both diet and lifestyle, as well as genetic and developmental factors leading to alterations in energy balance. In this regard, a novel role for DNA repair glycosylases in modulating risk for obesity has been previously established. Global deletion of either of two different glycosylases with varying substrate specificities, Nei-like endonuclease 1 (NEIL1) or 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1), both predispose mice to diet-induced obesity (DIO). Conversely, enhanced expression of the human OGG1 gene renders mice resistant to obesity and adiposity. This resistance to DIO is mediated through increases in whole body energy expenditure and increased respiration in adipose tissue. Here, we report that hOGG1 expression also confers resistance to genetically-induced obesity. While Agouti obese (Ay/a) mice are hyperphagic and consequently develop obesity on a chow diet, hOGG1 expression in Ay/a mice (Ay/aTg) prevents increased body weight, without reducing food intake. Instead, obesity resistance in Ay/aTg mice is accompanied by increased whole body energy expenditure and tissue mitochondrial content. We also report for the first time that OGG1-mediated obesity resistance in both the Ay/a model and DIO model requires maternal transmission of the hOGG1 transgene. Maternal, but not paternal, transmission of the hOGG1 transgene is associated with obesity resistance and increased mitochondrial content in adipose tissue. These data demonstrate a critical role for OGG1 in modulating energy balance through changes in adipose tissue function. They also demonstrate the importance of OGG1 in modulating developmental programming of mitochondrial content and quality, thereby determining metabolic outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burchat
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Hong Ye
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sai Santosh Babu Komakula
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Harini Sampath
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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11
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Petroff AB, Weir RL, Yates CR, Ng JD, Baudry J. Sequential Dynamics of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1(SCD1)/Ligand Binding and Unbinding Mechanism: A Computational Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101435. [PMID: 34680068 PMCID: PMC8533217 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1 or delta-9 desaturase, D9D) is a key metabolic protein that modulates cellular inflammation and stress, but overactivity of SCD1 is associated with diseases, including cancer and metabolic syndrome. This transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum protein converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, primarily stearoyl-CoA into oleoyl-CoA, which are critical products for energy metabolism and membrane composition. The present computational molecular dynamics study characterizes the molecular dynamics of SCD1 with substrate, product, and as an apoprotein. The modeling of SCD1:fatty acid interactions suggests that: (1) SCD1:CoA moiety interactions open the substrate-binding tunnel, (2) SCD1 stabilizes a substrate conformation favorable for desaturation, and (3) SCD1:product interactions result in an opening of the tunnel, possibly allowing product exit into the surrounding membrane. Together, these results describe a highly dynamic series of SCD1 conformations resulting from the enzyme:cofactor:substrate interplay that inform drug-discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Petroff
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (A.B.P.); (J.D.N.)
| | - Rebecca L. Weir
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Charles R. Yates
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Joseph D. Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (A.B.P.); (J.D.N.)
| | - Jerome Baudry
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (A.B.P.); (J.D.N.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kaur S, Auger C, Barayan D, Shah P, Matveev A, Knuth CM, Harris TE, Jeschke MG. Adipose-specific ATGL ablation reduces burn injury-induced metabolic derangements in mice. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e417. [PMID: 34185433 PMCID: PMC8181198 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermetabolism following severe burn injuries is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, elevated beige adipocyte formation, and increased energy expenditure. The resulting catabolism of adipose leads to detrimental sequelae such as fatty liver, increased risk of infections, sepsis, and even death. While the phenomenon of pathological white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is well-documented in cachexia and burn models, the molecular mechanisms are essentially unknown. Here, we report that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) plays a central role in burn-induced WAT dysfunction and systemic outcomes. Targeting adipose-specific ATGL in a murine (AKO) model resulted in diminished browning, decreased circulating fatty acids, and mitigation of burn-induced hepatomegaly. To assess the clinical applicability of targeting ATGL, we demonstrate that the selective ATGL inhibitor atglistatin mimics the AKO results, suggesting a path forward for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Kaur
- Ross Tilley Burn CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Ross Tilley Burn CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Dalia Barayan
- Ross Tilley Burn CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Priyal Shah
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anna Matveev
- Ross Tilley Burn CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Carly M. Knuth
- Ross Tilley Burn CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesville VAUSA
| | - Marc G. Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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13
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Igarashi Y, Iida S, Dai J, Huo J, Cui X, Sawashita J, Mori M, Miyahara H, Higuchi K. Glavonoid-rich oil supplementation reduces stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 expression and improves systemic metabolism in diabetic, obese KK-A y mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111714. [PMID: 34022607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glavonoid-rich oil (GRO) derived from ethanol extraction of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne) root has been reported to have beneficial effects on health. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term administration of GRO on metabolic disorders and to elucidate the molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS Female obese, type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice were fed diets supplemented with 0.3% or 0.8% GRO (w/w) for 4-12 weeks. Mice were euthanized and autopsied at 20 weeks old. The effects of GRO on lipid and glucose metabolism were evaluated by measuring physiological and biochemical markers using mRNA sequencing, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and western blot analyses. KEY FINDINGS Compared to mice fed the control diet, GRO-supplemented mice had reduced body and white adipose tissue weights, serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance, while food intake was not affected. We found remarkable reductions in the gene expression levels of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (Pdk4) in the liver, in addition to decreased expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). These results suggest that GRO supplementation improves lipid profiles via reduced de novo lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue. Glucose metabolism may also be improved by increased glycolysis in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis of long-term supplementation of GRO in obese and diabetic mice should provide novel insight into preventing insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Igarashi
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shiho Iida
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoran Cui
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Research & Development Team, Supplement Business Division, Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Community Health Care Research Center, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano, Japan.
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14
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Chen C, Xin X, Liu Q, Tian HJ, Peng JH, Zhao Y, Hu YY, Feng Q. Geniposide and Chlorogenic Acid Combination Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Involving the Potent Suppression of Elevated Hepatic SCD-1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653641. [PMID: 34017254 PMCID: PMC8129574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by the excessive accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TGs), has become a worldwide chronic liver disease. But efficient therapy keeps unsettled. Our previous works show that geniposide and chlorogenic acid combination (namely the GC combination), two active chemical components combined with a unique ratio (67.16:1), presents beneficial effects on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rodent models. Notably, microarray highlighted the more than 5-fold down-regulated SCD-1 gene in the GC combination group. SCD-1 is an essential lipogenic protein for monounsaturated fatty acids’ biosynthesis and serves as a key regulatory enzyme in the last stage of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Methods: NAFLD mice model was fed with 16 weeks high-fat diet (HFD). The pharmacological effects, primarily on hepatic TG, TC, FFA, and liver enzymes, et al. of the GC combination and two individual components were evaluated. Furthermore, hepatic SCD-1 expression was quantified with qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Finally, the lentivirus-mediated over-expressed cell was carried out to confirm the GC combination’s influence on SCD-1. Results: The GC combination could significantly reduce hepatic TG, TC, and FFA in NAFLD rodents. Notably, the GC combination presented synergetic therapeutic effects, compared with two components, on normalizing murine hepatic lipid deposition and disordered liver enzymes (ALT and AST). Meanwhile, the robust SCD-1 induction induced by HFD and FFA in rodents and ALM-12 cells was profoundly blunted, and this potent suppression was recapitulated in lentivirus-mediated SCD-1 over-expressed cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our data prove that the GC combination shows a substantial and synergetic anti-lipogenesis effect in treating NAFLD, and these amelioration effects are highly associated with the potent suppressed hepatic SCD-1 and a blunted DNL process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Jie Tian
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Hua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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15
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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010330. [PMID: 33396940 PMCID: PMC7795523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important aspect of the metabolic syndrome and is often associated with chronic inflammation. In this context, inflammation of organs participating in energy homeostasis (such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas) leads to the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β secretion, sustained C-reactive protein plasma levels and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome characterize this inflammation. The Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) enzyme is a central regulator of lipid metabolism and fat storage. This enzyme catalyzes the generation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)-major components of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets-from saturated fatty acid (SFA) substrates. In this review, we describe the molecular effects of specific classes of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) to better understand the impact of different diets (Western versus Mediterranean) on inflammation in a metabolic context. Given the beneficial effects of a MUFA-rich Mediterranean diet, we also present the most recent data on the role of SCD1 activity in the modulation of SFA-induced chronic inflammation.
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16
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MiR-125b-2 knockout increases high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21969. [PMID: 33319811 PMCID: PMC7738482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals are more susceptible to comorbidities than individuals of healthy weight, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs are a class of small and noncoding RNAs that are implicated in the regulation of chronic human diseases. We previously reported that miR-125b plays a critical role in adipogenesis in vitro. However, the involvement of miR-125b-2 in fat metabolism in vivo remains unknown. In the present study, miR-125b-2 knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/CAS9 technology, resulting in mice with a 7 bp deletion in the seed sequence of miR-125b-2. MiR-125b-2 knockout increased the weight of liver tissue, epididymal white fat and inguinal white fat. MiR-125b-2 knockout also increased adipocyte volume in HFD-induced obese mice, while there were no significant differences in body weight and feed intake versus mice fed a normal diet. Additionally, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the miR-125b-2 target gene SCD-1 and fat synthesis-associated genes, such as PPARγ and C/EBPα, were significantly up-regulated in miR-125b-2KO mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-125b-2KO altered HFD-induced changes in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In conclusion, we show that miR-125b-2 is a novel potential target for regulating fat accumulation, and also a candidate target to develop novel treatment strategies for obesity and diabetes.
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17
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-2 in Murine Development, Metabolism, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228619. [PMID: 33207603 PMCID: PMC7697999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-2 (SCD2) is a member of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) family of enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting step in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis. The MUFAs palmitoleoyl-CoA (16:1n7) and oleoyl-CoA (18:1n9) are the major products of SCD2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA have various roles, from being a source of energy to signaling molecules. Under normal feeding conditions, SCD2 is ubiquitously expressed and is the predominant SCD isoform in the brain. However, obesogenic diets highly induce SCD2 in adipose tissue, lung, and kidney. Here we provide a comprehensive review of SCD2 in mouse development, metabolism, and various diseases, such as obesity, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer′s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson′s disease. In addition, we show that bone mineral density is decreased in SCD2KO mice under high-fat feeding conditions and that SCD2 is not required for preadipocyte differentiation or the expression of PPARγ in vivo despite being required in vitro.
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18
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Yang M, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Sit J, Saint-Sume M, Shabandri O, Zhang K, Yin L, Tong X. Hepatic E4BP4 induction promotes lipid accumulation by suppressing AMPK signaling in response to chemical or diet-induced ER stress. FASEB J 2020; 34:13533-13547. [PMID: 32780887 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903292rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged ER stress has been known to be one of the major drivers of impaired lipid homeostasis during the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). However, the downstream mediators of ER stress pathway in promoting lipid accumulation remain poorly understood. Here, we present data showing the b-ZIP transcription factor E4BP4 in both the hepatocytes and the mouse liver is potently induced by the chemical ER stress inducer tunicamycin or by high-fat, low-methionine, and choline-deficient (HFLMCD) diet. We showed that such an induction is partially dependent on CHOP, a known mediator of ER stress and requires the E-box element of the E4bp4 promoter. Tunicamycin promotes the lipid droplet formation and alters lipid metabolic gene expression in primary mouse hepatocytes from E4bp4flox/flox but not E4bp4 liver-specific KO (E4bp4-LKO) mice. Compared with E4bp4flox/flox mice, E4bp4-LKO female mice exhibit reduced liver lipid accumulation and partially improved liver function after 10-week HFLMCD diet feeding. Mechanistically, we observed elevated AMPK activity and the AMPKβ1 abundance in the liver of E4bp4-LKO mice. We have evidence supporting that E4BP4 may suppress the AMPK activity via promoting the AMPKβ1 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, acute depletion of the Ampkβ1 subunit restores lipid droplet formation in E4bp4-LKO primary mouse hepatocytes. Our study highlighted hepatic E4BP4 as a key factor linking ER stress and lipid accumulation in the liver. Targeting E4BP4 in the liver may be a novel therapeutic avenue for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichan Yang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Julian Sit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Omar Shabandri
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Zhang L, Wang P, Shi M, Fang Z, Ji J, Liao X, Hu X, Chen F. The modulation of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem supplementation on gene expression and amino acid profiles in liver for alleviating hepatic steatosis via gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice: insight from hepatic transcriptome analysis. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Iwase M, Tokiwa S, Seno S, Mukai T, Yeh YS, Takahashi H, Nomura W, Jheng HF, Matsumura S, Kusudo T, Osato N, Matsuda H, Inoue K, Kawada T, Goto T. Glycerol kinase stimulates uncoupling protein 1 expression by regulating fatty acid metabolism in beige adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7033-7045. [PMID: 32273338 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning of adipose tissue is induced by specific stimuli such as cold exposure and consists of up-regulation of thermogenesis in white adipose tissue. Recently, it has emerged as an attractive target for managing obesity in humans. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis to identify genes associated with browning in murine adipose tissue. We focused on glycerol kinase (GYK) because its mRNA expression pattern is highly correlated with that of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which regulates the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes. Cold exposure-induced Ucp1 up-regulation in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was partially abolished by Gyk knockdown (KD) in vivo Consistently, the Gyk KD inhibited Ucp1 expression induced by treatment with the β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) agonist isoproterenol (Iso) in vitro and resulted in impaired uncoupled respiration. Gyk KD also suppressed Iso- and adenylate cyclase activator-induced transcriptional activation and phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). However, we did not observe these effects with a cAMP analog. Therefore Gyk KD related to Iso-induced cAMP products. In Iso-treated Gyk KD adipocytes, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) was up-regulated, and monounsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (POA) accumulated. Moreover, a SCD1 inhibitor treatment recovered the Gyk KD-induced Ucp1 down-regulation and POA treatment down-regulated Iso-activated Ucp1 Our findings suggest that Gyk stimulates Ucp1 expression via a mechanism that partially depends on the βAR-cAMP-CREB pathway and Gyk-mediated regulation of fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Iwase
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Soshi Tokiwa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takako Mukai
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai 590-0113, Japan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8317, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sigenobu Matsumura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai 590-0113, Japan
| | - Naoki Osato
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8317, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan .,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8317, Japan
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21
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Mentoor I, Nell T, Emjedi Z, van Jaarsveld PJ, de Jager L, Engelbrecht AM. Decreased Efficacy of Doxorubicin Corresponds With Modifications in Lipid Metabolism Markers and Fatty Acid Profiles in Breast Tumors From Obese vs. Lean Mice. Front Oncol 2020; 10:306. [PMID: 32257945 PMCID: PMC7089940 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells modulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism to sustain proliferation. The role of adipocytes in cancer treatment efficacy remains, however, to be fully elucidated. We investigated whether diet-induced obesity (DIO) affects the efficacy of doxorubicin treatment in a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. Female C57BL6 mice were fed a high fat or low fat diet for the full duration of the study (12 weeks). After 8 weeks, mice were inoculated with E0771 triple-negative breast cancer cells in the fourth mammary gland to develop breast tumor allographs. Tumor-bearing mice received either vehicle (Hank's balanced salt solution) or doxorubicin (chemotherapy). Plasma inflammatory markers, tumor, and mammary adipose tissue fatty acid composition, as well as protein expression of lipid metabolism markers were determined. The high fat diet (HFD) attenuated the treatment efficacy of doxorubicin. Both leptin and resistin concentrations were significantly increased in the HFD group treated with doxorubicin. Suppressed lipogenesis (decreased stearoyl CoA-desaturase-1) and lipolysis (decreased hormone-sensitive lipase) were observed in mammary adipose tissue of the DIO animals, whereas increased expression was observed in the tumor tissue of doxorubicin treated HFD mice. Obesogenic conditions induced altered tissue fatty acid (FA) compositions, which reduced doxorubicin's treatment efficacy. In mammary adipose tissue breast cancer cells suppressed the storage of FAs, thereby increasing the availability of free FAs and favored inflammation under obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Zaakiyah Emjedi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Louis de Jager
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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22
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Ramírez-Higuera A, Peña-Montes C, Herrera-Meza S, Mendoza-López R, Valerio-Alfaro G, Oliart-Ros RM. Preventive Action of Sterculic Oil on Metabolic Syndrome Development on a Fructose-Induced Rat Model. J Med Food 2020; 23:305-311. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abril Ramírez-Higuera
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
| | - Carolina Peña-Montes
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
| | - Socorro Herrera-Meza
- Institute of Psychological Research, University of Veracruz, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Gerardo Valerio-Alfaro
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
| | - Rosa María Oliart-Ros
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
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23
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Piccinin E, Cariello M, De Santis S, Ducheix S, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Role of Oleic Acid in the Gut-Liver Axis: From Diet to the Regulation of Its Synthesis via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102283. [PMID: 31554181 PMCID: PMC6835877 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of an olive oil rich diet has been associated with the diminished incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Several studies have attributed these beneficial effects to oleic acid (C18 n-9), the predominant fatty acid principal component of olive oil. Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the impact of gene-nutrient interactions in liver and gut diseases, by taking advantage of the role of SCD1 and its product oleic acid in the modulation of different hepatic and intestinal metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marica Cariello
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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24
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Kasza I, Adler D, Nelson DW, Eric Yen CL, Dumas S, Ntambi JM, MacDougald OA, Hernando D, Porter WP, Best FA, Alexander CM. Evaporative cooling provides a major metabolic energy sink. Mol Metab 2019; 27:47-61. [PMID: 31302039 PMCID: PMC6717770 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Elimination of food calories as heat could help redress the excess accumulation of metabolic energy exhibited as obesity. Prior studies have focused on the induction of thermogenesis in beige and brown adipose tissues as the application of this principle, particularly because the β-adrenergic environment associated with thermogenic activation has been shown to have positive health implications. The counterpoint to this strategy is the regulation of heat loss; we propose that mammals with inefficient heat conservation will require more thermogenesis to maintain body temperature. Methods Surface temperature thermography and rates of trans-epidermal water loss were integrated to profile the total heat transfer of genetically-engineered and genetically variable mice. Results These data were incorporated with energy expenditure data to generate a biophysical profile to test the significance of increased rates of evaporative cooling. Conclusions We show that mouse skins vary considerably in their heat retention properties, whether because of naturally occurring variation (SKH-1 mice), or genetic modification of the heat-retaining lipid lamellae (SCD1, DGAT1 or Agouti Ay obese mice). In particular, we turn attention to widely different rates of evaporative cooling as the result of trans-epidermal water loss; higher rates of heat loss by evaporative cooling leads to increased demand for thermogenesis. We speculate that this physiology could be harnessed to create an energy sink to assist with strategies aimed at treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Kasza
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Doug Adler
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - David W Nelson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - C-L Eric Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Sabrina Dumas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Warren P Porter
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Fred A Best
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - C M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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25
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Saghafi-Asl M, Maleki V. The effects of oleoylethanolamide, an endogenous PPAR-α agonist, on risk factors for NAFLD: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1057-1069. [PMID: 31111657 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Recently, some novel compounds have been investigated for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous PPAR-α agonist, has exhibited a plethora of pharmacological properties for the treatment of obesity and other obesity-associated metabolic complications. This systematic review was performed with a focus on the effects of OEA on the risk factors for NAFLD. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to December 2018 using relevant keywords. All articles written in English evaluating the effects of OEA on the risk factors for NAFLD were eligible for the review. The evidence reviewed in this article illustrates that OEA regulates multiple biological processes associated with NAFLD, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy homeostasis through different mechanisms. In summary, many beneficial effects of OEA have led to the understanding that OEA may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of NAFLD. Although a wide range of studies have demonstrated the most useful effects of OEA on NAFLD and the associated risk factors, further clinical trials, from both in vivo studies and in vitro experiments, are warranted to verify these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Zhang L, Shi M, Ji J, Hu X, Chen F. Gut microbiota determines the prevention effects of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem supplementation against obesity and associated metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet. FASEB J 2019; 33:10339-10352. [PMID: 31211921 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900488r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, identified as the target for vegetables, can affect the development of obesity and associated metabolic syndromes. As a medicinal and edible plant, Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem (LC) has abundant nutrients that can effectively reduce obesity risk. However, the interaction between the prevention effects of LC against obesity and the modulating gut microbiota of LC remain obscure. This study demonstrated LC supplementation improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and significantly enhanced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g., Blautia) along with SCFA content accumulation in the gut. Meanwhile, LC supplementation substantially restored gut barrier damage in long-term HFD treatment. Moreover, LC supplementation improved HFD-induced overweight, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. Gene expression profiles showed that LC displayed an important impact on hepatic lipid transport and lipid synthesis (sterol regulatory element binding transcriptional factor 1c-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ signaling pathway). More importantly, an antibiotic treatment experiment demonstrated that the beneficial effects of LC in reducing obesity risk largely depended on the gut microbiota, especially SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., Blautia). Therefore, LC supplementation improved gut microbiota dysbiosis via enhancing SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., Blautia), maintained gut barrier integrity, and alleviated the development of obesity. Overall, LC would provide a potential dietary intervention strategy against obesity and enteral homeostasis dysbiosis through modulating the gut microbiota.-Zhang, L., Shi, M., Ji, J., Hu, X., Chen, F. Gut microbiota determines the prevention effects of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem supplementation against obesity and associated metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health-China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering-National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture-Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education-China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxuan Shi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering-National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture-Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education-China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering-National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture-Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education-China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering-National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture-Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education-China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering-National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture-Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education-China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Burhans MS, Hagman DK, Kuzma JN, Schmidt KA, Kratz M. Contribution of Adipose Tissue Inflammation to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:1-58. [PMID: 30549014 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize and discuss the available evidence of how adipose tissue inflammation affects insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Low-grade, chronic adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration of macrophages and other immune cell populations into adipose tissue, and a shift toward more proinflammatory subtypes of leukocytes. The infiltration of proinflammatory cells in adipose tissue is associated with an increased production of key chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukins 1β and 6 as well as reduced expression of the key insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin. In both rodent models and humans, adipose tissue inflammation is consistently associated with excess fat mass and insulin resistance. In humans, associations with insulin resistance are stronger and more consistent for inflammation in visceral as opposed to subcutaneous fat. Further, genetic alterations in mouse models of obesity that reduce adipose tissue inflammation are-almost without exception-associated with improved insulin sensitivity. However, a dissociation between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance can be observed in very few rodent models of obesity as well as in humans following bariatric surgery- or low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss, illustrating that the etiology of insulin resistance is multifactorial. Taken together, adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obesity, along with other factors that likely include inflammation and fat accumulation in other metabolically active tissues. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1-58, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S Burhans
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek K Hagman
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica N Kuzma
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Tao YF, Qiang J, Bao JW, Chen DJ, Yin GJ, Xu P, Zhu HJ. Changes in Physiological Parameters, Lipid Metabolism, and Expression of MicroRNAs in Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) With Fatty Liver Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1521. [PMID: 30425654 PMCID: PMC6218568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tilapia is susceptible to hepatic steatosis when grown in intensive farming systems. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Juvenile GIFT were fed with HFD or a normal-fat diet (NFD) for 60 days. Substantial fat deposition in the liver of HFD-fed GIFT on days 20, 40, and 60 was observed using hematoxylin – eosin staining and oil red O staining. The increased fat deposition was consistent with increased triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the liver of HFD-fed GIFT. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in serum biochemical indexes (TG, TC, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin contents, and alanine aminotransferase activity) between GIFT fed a HFD and GIFT fed a NFD on days 20, 40, and 60. Furthermore, 60 days of a HFD significantly changed (P < 0.05) the hepatic fatty acid composition, and led to increased polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and decreased saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities increased by day 20 and then declined, which led to an increase in malondialdehyde contents in the liver of HFD-fed GIFT. Molecular analyses revealed that the microRNAs miR-122, miR-29a, and miR-145-5p were upregulated, whereas miR-34a was downregulated in HFD-fed GIFT. SCD, ELOVL6, and SRD5A2 encode three important enzymes in lipid metabolism, and were identified as potential targets of miRNAs. The transcript levels of hepatic SCD and ELOVL6 were decreased and that of hepatic SRD5A2 was increased in GIFT fed a HFD. Overall, the results of this study revealed a potential link between miRNAs and fatty liver induced by HFD, and suggest that a HFD could lead to excess fat deposition in the GIFT liver, which may disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and reduce the antioxidant defense capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Tao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - De-Ju Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Jun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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29
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Kamal S, Saleem A, Rehman S, Bibi I, Iqbal HMN. Protein engineering: Regulatory perspectives of stearoyl CoA desaturase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:692-699. [PMID: 29605251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl Co A desaturase (SCD) is a rate-limiting lipogenic enzyme that plays an integral role in catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, chiefly oleate and palmitoleate. Both contribute a major part of the biological membrane. Numerous SCD isoforms exist in mouse and humans, i.e., SCD-1 to SCD-4 and SCD-1 and SCD-5, respectively. From the biological viewpoint, hyperexpression of SCD1 cause many metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, etc. Herein, an effort has been made to highlight the value of protein engineering in controlling the SCD-1 expression with the involvement of different inhibitors as therapeutic agents. The first part of the review describes Stearoyl CoA desaturase index and different SCD isoforms. Various regulatory aspects of SCD are reviewed in four subsections, i.e., (1) hormonal regulation, (2) regulation by dietary carbohydrates, (3) regulation by green tea, and (4) regulation via polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Moreover, the regulation of Stearoyl CoA desaturase expression in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates is discussed. The third part mainly focuses on natural and synthetic inhibitors. Towards the end, information is also given on potential future considerations of SCD-1 inhibitors as metabolic syndrome therapeutics, yet additional work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
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Inaba T, Tanaka Y, Tamaki S, Ito T, Ntambi JM, Tsubota K. Compensatory increases in tear volume and mucin levels associated with meibomian gland dysfunction caused by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3358. [PMID: 29463801 PMCID: PMC5820245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) family of enzymes catalyzes monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis by inserting a cis double bond at the Δ9 position of saturated fatty acids. Disruption of these enzymes has been reported to induce a severe dry skin phenotype. Since lipid abnormalities in the meibomian glands have been associated with dry eye, we analyzed selected eye tissues contributing to tear volume and composition in genetically SCD-1-deficient mice (SCD-1 KO), including the lacrimal glands and conjunctiva. Previous histopathological analysis had revealed atrophy and loss of meibomian glands; taken together with the increased goblet cell and MUC5AC expression in the conjunctiva reported here, these findings suggest that the tear volume and mucin levels secreted are enhanced in the absence of lipid secretion as a compensatory mechanism. The expression of lipid metabolism genes in lacrimal glands was decreased in SCD1 KO mice. Thus, these results provide new pathophysiological mechanisms to pursue with regard to meibomian gland dysfunction. In addition, lack of SCD-1 causes a compensatory increase in the tear volume and mucin levels associated with changes in expression of lipid metabolism genes. These results may be useful as a new concept for dry eye treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Inaba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shusaku Tamaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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The Leptin, Dopamine and Serotonin Receptors in Hypothalamic POMC-Neurons of Normal and Obese Rodents. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:821-837. [PMID: 29397535 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) are involved in the control of food intake and metabolic processes. It is assumed that, in addition to leptin, the activity of these neurons is regulated by serotonin and dopamine, but only subtype 2C serotonin receptors (5-HT2CR) was identified earlier on the POMC-neurons. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the localization and number of leptin receptors (LepR), types 1 and 2 dopamine receptors (D1R, D2R), 5-HT1BR and 5-HT2CR on the POMC-neurons and the expression of the genes encoding them in the ARC of the normal and diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents and the agouti mice (A y /a) with the melanocortin obesity. As shown by immunohistochemistry (IHC), all the studied receptors were located on the POMC-immunopositive neurons, and their IHC-content was in agreement with the expression of their genes. In DIO rats the number of D1R and D2R in the POMC-neurons and their expression in the ARC were reduced. In DIO mice the number of D1R and D2R did not change, while the number of LepR and 5-HT2CR was increased, although to a small extent. In the POMC-neurons of agouti mice the number of LepR, D2R, 5-HT1BR and 5-HT2CR was increased, and the D1R number was reduced. Thus, our data demonstrates for the first time the localization of different types of the serotonin and dopamine receptors on the POMC-neurons and a specific pattern of the changes of their number and expression in the DIO and melanocortin obesity.
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Liu XL, Cao HX, Wang BC, Xin FZ, Zhang RN, Zhou D, Yang RX, Zhao ZH, Pan Q, Fan JG. miR-192-5p regulates lipid synthesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through SCD-1. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8140-8151. [PMID: 29290651 PMCID: PMC5739921 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the levels of miR-192-5p in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models and demonstrate the role of miR-192-5p in lipid accumulation.
METHODS Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were given a standard diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD with injection of liraglutide. At the end of 16 weeks, hepatic miR-192-5p and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) levels were measured. MiR-192-5p mimic and inhibitor and SCD-1 siRNA were transfected into Huh7 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA). Lipid accumulation was evaluated by oil red O staining and triglyceride assays. Direct interaction was validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays.
RESULTS The HFD rats showed a 0.46-fold decrease and a 3.5-fold increase in hepatic miR-192-5p and SCD-1 protein levels compared with controls, respectively, which could be reversed after disease remission by liraglutide injection (P < 0.01). The Huh7 cells exposed to PA also showed down-regulation and up-regulation of miR-192-5p and SCD-1 protein levels, respectively (P < 0.01). Transfection with miR-192-5p mimic and inhibitor in Huh7 cells induced dramatic repression and promotion of SCD-1 protein levels, respectively (P < 0.01). Luciferase activity was suppressed and enhanced by miR-192-5p mimic and inhibitor, respectively, in wild-type SCD-1 (P < 0.01) but not in mutant SCD-1. MiR-192-5p overexpression reduced lipid accumulation significantly in PA-treated Huh7 cells, and SCD-1 siRNA transfection abrogated the lipid deposition aggravated by miR-192-5p inhibitor (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that miR-192-5p has a negative regulatory role in lipid synthesis, which is mediated through its direct regulation of SCD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Liu
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hai-Xia Cao
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bao-Can Wang
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Xin
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui-Nan Zhang
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui-Xu Yang
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhao
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Kruse V, Neess D, Færgeman NJ. The Significance of Epidermal Lipid Metabolism in Whole-Body Physiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:669-683. [PMID: 28668301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest sensory organ of the human body. The skin not only prevents loss of water and other components of the body, but also is involved in regulation of body temperature and serves as an essential barrier, protecting mammals from both routine and extreme environments. Given the importance of the skin in temperature regulation, it is surprising that adaptive alterations in skin functions and morphology only vaguely have been associated with systemic physiological responses. Despite that impaired lipid metabolism in the skin often impairs the epidermal permeability barrier and insulation properties of the skin, its role in regulating systemic physiology and metabolism is yet to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Kruse
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ditte Neess
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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Gene Expression Profiling of Broiler Liver under Cold Stress by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:185-196. [PMID: 32908425 PMCID: PMC7477217 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental factor restricting the sustainable development of animal husbandry. To gain insight into the gene-regulation processes in broilers under cold stress, gene expression profiling was conducted using high-throughput Solexa sequencing of broiler liver tissue under cold stress conditions and control conditions. According to Solexa sequencing, we identified 255 genes whose expression levels differed between the treatment and control group. Under cold stress, 135 genes were up-regulated and 120 genes were down-regulated genes compared with levels in the control group. Moreover, 469 genes were expressed only in the control group, and 172 genes were expressed only in the treatment group. These data were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in material metabolism and immune functions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling pathway and others. In conclusion, these results may serve as an important reference for broiler breeding and provide new clues for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of cold stress.
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Qiang J, Tao YF, He J, Sun YL, Xu P. miR-29a modulates SCD expression and is regulated in response to a saturated fatty acid diet in juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1481-1489. [PMID: 28167804 PMCID: PMC5413068 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.151506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate target gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the target mRNA. MiRNAs regulate a large variety of genes, including those involved in liver biology and disease. Here, we report for the first time that miR-29a post-transcriptionally regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) by binding to its 3′ UTR in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus, as shown by a 3′ UTR luciferase reporter assay. miR-29a antagomir treatment in vivo resulted in significant upregulation of SCD expression. We found that miR-29a expression was negatively correlated with SCD expression in GIFT liver. Inhibition of miR-29a led to a significant increase in SCD expression on day 60 induced by a saturated fatty acid diet, thereby increasing conversion of 16:0 and 18:0 to 16:1 and 18:1, respectively, and activating serum insulin, which would favor glucose and lipid uptake by the liver. These results indicate that miR-29a regulates SCD levels by binding to its 3′ UTR, and this interaction affects saturated fatty acid stress induction and insulin and lipid accumulation in serum. Our results suggest that miR-29a is critical in regulating lipid metabolism homeostasis in GIFT liver, and this might provide a basis for understanding the biological processes and therapeutic intervention encountered in fatty liver. Summary: miR-29a targets SCD 3′ UTR directly. Inhibition of miR-29a could mediate conversion of C16:0 and C18:0 to C16:1 and C18:1, respectively, and activate serum insulin and glucose uptake in GIFT by increasing SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yi Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yi Lan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
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Nowak C, Salihovic S, Ganna A, Brandmaier S, Tukiainen T, Broeckling CD, Magnusson PK, Prenni JE, Wang-Sattler R, Peters A, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Giedraitis V, Ärnlöv J, Berne C, Gieger C, Ripatti S, Lind L, Pedersen NL, Sundström J, Ingelsson E, Fall T. Effect of Insulin Resistance on Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels: A Multi-cohort Non-targeted Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Study. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006379. [PMID: 27768686 PMCID: PMC5074591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion contribute to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Both are associated with changes in the circulating metabolome, but causal directions have been difficult to disentangle. We combined untargeted plasma metabolomics by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in three non-diabetic cohorts with Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain new insights into early metabolic alterations in IR and impaired insulin secretion. In up to 910 elderly men we found associations of 52 metabolites with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp-measured IR and/or β-cell responsiveness (disposition index) during an oral glucose tolerance test. These implicated bile acid, glycerophospholipid and caffeine metabolism for IR and fatty acid biosynthesis for impaired insulin secretion. In MR analysis in two separate cohorts (n = 2,613) followed by replication in three independent studies profiled on different metabolomics platforms (n = 7,824 / 8,961 / 8,330), we discovered and replicated causal effects of IR on lower levels of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. A trend for a causal effect of IR on higher levels of tyrosine reached significance only in meta-analysis. In one of the largest studies combining "gold standard" measures for insulin responsiveness with non-targeted metabolomics, we found distinct metabolic profiles related to IR or impaired insulin secretion. We speculate that the causal effects on monounsaturated fatty acid levels could explain parts of the raised cardiovascular disease risk in IR that is independent of diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nowak
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Berne
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (TF)
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Cheng X, Xi QY, Wei S, Wu D, Ye RS, Chen T, Qi QE, Jiang QY, Wang SB, Wang LN, Zhu XT, Zhang YL. Critical role of miR-125b in lipogenesis by targeting stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). J Anim Sci 2016; 94:65-76. [PMID: 26812313 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gene expression tightly regulates lipogenesis. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), a key enzyme in lipogenesis, catalyzes the conversion of SFA to MUFA, and inhibition of its activity impairs lipid synthesis. As posttranscriptional regulators, microRNAs are involved in many pathways of lipid metabolism; however, their effect on SCD-1 has not been reported. In this study, miR-125b was identified as a potential regulator of SCD-1 using bioinformatics analysis. Here, we validated SCD-1 as the target of miR-125b using a dual luciferase assay. During adipogenesis, a synthetic mimic or inhibitor was used to overexpress or reduce the expression of miR-125b in porcine adipocytes. Overexpression of miR-125b reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides concentration and repressed SCD-1 protein expression and MUFA composition. The inhibitor had the reverse effect. Small interfering RNA against tested in adipocytes further proved the direct correlation between miR-125b and SCD-1. Moreover, in vivo experiments in mice showed that injection of miR-125b expression vector decreased the hepatic triglycerides concentration relative to saline. This study indicated that miR-125b regulates lipogenesis by targeting SCD-1; therefore, miR-125b might be applied in therapy of lipid metabolism disorders.
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38
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Uto Y. Recent progress in the discovery and development of stearoyl CoA desaturase inhibitors. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 197:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Singh V, Chassaing B, Zhang L, San Yeoh B, Xiao X, Kumar M, Baker MT, Cai J, Walker R, Borkowski K, Harvatine KJ, Singh N, Shearer GC, Ntambi JM, Joe B, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M. Microbiota-Dependent Hepatic Lipogenesis Mediated by Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) Promotes Metabolic Syndrome in TLR5-Deficient Mice. Cell Metab 2015; 22:983-96. [PMID: 26525535 PMCID: PMC4670569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host metabolism. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a flagellin receptor, is required for gut microbiota homeostasis. Accordingly, TLR5-deficient (T5KO) mice are prone to develop microbiota-dependent metabolic syndrome. Here we observed that T5KO mice display elevated neutral lipids with a compositional increase of oleate [C18:1 (n9)] relative to wild-type littermates. Increased oleate contribution to hepatic lipids and liver SCD1 expression were both microbiota dependent. Analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and (13)C-acetate label incorporation revealed elevated SCFA in ceca and hepatic portal blood and increased liver de novo lipogenesis in T5KO mice. Dietary SCFAs further aggravated metabolic syndrome in T5KO mice. Deletion of hepatic SCD1 not only prevented hepatic neutral lipid oleate enrichment but also ameliorated metabolic syndrome in T5KO mice. Collectively, these results underscore the key role of the gut microbiota-liver axis in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; CAS & State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics & National Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan, China
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mark T Baker
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rachel Walker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Roberts MD, Mobley CB, Toedebush RG, Heese AJ, Zhu C, Krieger AE, Cruthirds CL, Lockwood CM, Hofheins JC, Wiedmeyer CE, Leidy HJ, Booth FW, Rector RS. Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis and alterations in the liver transcriptome in adult Brown-Norway rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 26519296 PMCID: PMC4628330 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sub-chronic high fat, high sucrose diet (also termed ‘Westernized diet’ or WD) feeding on the liver transcriptome during early nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Methods Brown Norway male rats (9 months of age) were randomly assigned to receive ad libitum access to a control (CTL; 14 % kcal fat, 1.2 % sucrose by weight) diet or WD (42 % kcal from fat, 34 % sucrose by weight) for 6 weeks. Results Six weeks of WD feeding caused hepatic steatosis development as evidenced by the 2.25-fold increase in liver triacylglycerol content, but did not induce advanced liver disease (i.e., no overt inflammation or fibrosis) in adult Brown Norway rats. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that 94 transcripts were altered in liver by WD feeding (46 up-, 48 down-regulated, FDR < 0.05). Specifically, the top differentially regulated gene network by WD feeding was ‘Lipid metabolism, small molecular biochemistry, vitamin and mineral metabolism’ (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) score 61). The top-regulated canonical signaling pathway in WD-fed rats was the ‘Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis’ (10/29 genes regulated, p = 1.68E-17), which coincides with a tendency for serum cholesterol levels to increase in WD-fed rats (p = 0.09). Remarkably, liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) mRNA expression was by far the most highly-induced transcript in WD-fed rats (approximately 30-fold, FDR = 0.01) which supports previous literature underscoring this gene as a crucial target during NAFLD development. Conclusions In summary, sub-chronic WD feeding appears to increase hepatic steatosis development over a 6-week period but only induces select inflammation-related liver transcripts, mostly acute phase response genes. These findings continue to outline the early stages of NAFLD development prior to overt liver inflammation and advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Ryan G Toedebush
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexander J Heese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Conan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anna E Krieger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clayton L Cruthirds
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - John C Hofheins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles E Wiedmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Bjerg AT, Kristensen M, Ritz C, Stark KD, Holst JJ, Leser TD, Wellejus A, Astrup A. Four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® shows modest effect on triacylglycerol in young healthy adults. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:29-39. [PMID: 25245572 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota has been shown to have the potential to affect appetite and blood lipids positively in animal studies. We investigated if four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® (L. casei W8) had an effect on subjective appetite sensation, ad libitum energy intake, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin response in humans. Secondarily, we explored potential effects on blood lipids, fatty acids and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) activity in humans as well as SCD1 expression in piglets given L. casei W8 for two weeks. 64 healthy participants completed the double-blinded, randomised, controlled, parallel four weeks study with supplementation of L. casei W8 (1010 cfu) or placebo capsules. A meal test was conducted before and after the intervention, where subjective appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response were measured. Additionally fasting blood lipids and fatty acids concentrations were measured. Sixteen piglets were randomised into two groups: L. casei W8 (1010 cfu/day) as top dressing on morning fed or no treatment. After two weeks piglets were sacrificed and tissue from ileum, jejunum and skeletal muscle were sampled for mRNA analyses of SCD1 expression. Compared to placebo, L. casei W8 did not affect appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response and total, high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after four weeks intervention. Triacylglycerol decreased in the L. casei W8 group compared to placebo at week 4 (P=0.03). The C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio, reflecting SCD1 activity, tended to decrease when having L. casei W8 (P=0.06) compared to placebo. Muscle SCD1 expression decreased in piglets supplemented with L. casei W8 compared to control. In conclusion, supplementation with L. casei W8 did not affect appetite parameters, glucose or insulin responses; but appear to be able to lower triacylglycerol levels, possibly by reducing its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Bjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - K D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolism Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - T D Leser
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Salmani Izadi M, Naserian AA, Nasiri MR, Majidzadeh Heravi R. An evolutionary relationship between Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) protein sequences involved in fatty acid metabolism. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 3:1-6. [PMID: 26989730 PMCID: PMC4757082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a key enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in fat biosynthesis. Despite being crucial for interpreting SCDs' roles across species, the evolutionary relationship of SCD proteins across species has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to present this evolutionary relationship based on amino acid sequences. METHODS Using Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) and phylogenetic construction methods, a hypothetical evolutionary relationship was generated between the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) protein sequences between 18 different species. RESULTS SCD protein sequences from Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee), and Pongo abelii (orangutan) have the lowest genetic distances of 0.006 of the 18 species studied. Capra hircus (goat) and Ovis aries (Sheep) had the next lowest genetic distance of 0.023. These farm animals are 99.987% identical at the amino acid level. CONCLUSIONS The SCD proteins are conserved in these 18 species, and their evolutionary relationships are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salmani Izadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Campus, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Naserian
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nasiri
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Majidzadeh Heravi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Legrand-Poels S, Esser N, L'homme L, Scheen A, Paquot N, Piette J. Free fatty acids as modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity/type 2 diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:131-41. [PMID: 25175736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are metabolic intermediates that may be obtained through the diet or synthesized endogenously. In addition to serving as an important source of energy, they produce a variety of both beneficial and detrimental effects. They play essential roles as structural components of all cell membranes and as signaling molecules regulating metabolic pathways through binding to nuclear or membrane receptors. However, under conditions of FFAs overload, they become toxic, inducing ROS production, ER stress, apoptosis and inflammation. SFAs (saturated fatty acids), unlike UFAs (unsaturated fatty acids), have recently been proposed as triggers of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a molecular platform mediating the processing of IL-1β in response to infection and stress conditions. Interestingly, UFAs, especially ω-3 FAs, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in various settings. We focus on emerging models of NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms by which FFAs modulate the activation of this complex. Taking into consideration the current literature and FFA properties, we discuss the putative involvement of mitochondria and the role of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid, proposed to be sensed by NLRP3 after release, exposure and/or oxidation. Finally, we review how this SFA-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the development of both insulin resistance and deficiency associated with obesity/type 2 diabetes. In this context, we highlight the potential clinical use of ω-3 FAs as anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Legrand-Poels
- University of Liege, GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Liege 4000, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Esser
- University of Liege, GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Liege 4000, Belgium; University of Liege Hospital, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Disorders, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurent L'homme
- University of Liege, GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - André Scheen
- University of Liege Hospital, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Disorders, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- University of Liege Hospital, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Disorders, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- University of Liege, GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Liege 4000, Belgium
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Cho JS, Baek SH, Kim JY, Lee JH, Kim OY. Serum phospholipid monounsaturated fatty acid composition and Δ-9-desaturase activity are associated with early alteration of fasting glycemic status. Nutr Res 2014; 34:733-41. [PMID: 25236425 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Because alterations in blood fatty acid (FA) composition by dietary lipids are associated with insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that serum phospholipid FA composition would reflect the early alteration of fasting glycemic status, even in people without metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine this hypothesis, serum phospholipid FA, desaturase activities, fasting glycemic status, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured in study participants (n = 1022; 30-69 years; male, n = 527; female, n = 495; nondiabetics without disease) who were stratified into normal fasting glucose (NFG) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) groups. Total monounsaturated FA (MUFA), oleic acid (OA; 18:1n-9), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6), Δ-9-desaturase activity (D9D; 18:1n-9/18:0), and DGLA/linoleic acid (20:3n-6/18:2n-6) in serum phospholipids were significantly higher in IFG subjects than NFG controls. Study subjects were subdivided into 4 groups, based on fasting glucose levels and MetS status. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) was highest in IFG-MetS and lowest in NFG-non-MetS subjects. Oleic acid and D9D were higher in IFG-MetS than in the other 3 groups. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and DGLA/linoleic acid were higher in MetS than in non-MetS, regardless of fasting glucose levels. The high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hs-CRPs) and 8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α were higher in IFG than in NFG, regardless of MetS status. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins were higher in IFG-MetS than in the other 3 groups. Total MUFAs, OA, and D9D were positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting glucose, triglyceride, hs-CRP, and 8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α. Palmitoleic acid was positively correlated with triglyceride and hs-CRP. Lastly, total MUFA, OA, palmitoleic acid, and D9D were associated with early alteration of fasting glycemic status, therefore suggesting that these may be useful markers for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sun Cho
- Interdisciplinary course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Baek
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- School of Culinary Nutrition, Woosong University, Daejun, 300-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea.
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Samuel W, Kutty RK, Duncan T, Vijayasarathy C, Kuo BC, Chapa KM, Redmond TM. Fenretinide induces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1028-38. [PMID: 24357007 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, SCD1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein and a rate-limiting enzyme in monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, regulates cellular functions by controlling the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids. Increase in SCD expression is strongly implicated in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, whereas its decrease is known to impair proliferation, induce apoptosis, and restore insulin sensitivity. We examined whether fenretinide, (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, 4HPR), which induces apoptosis in cancer cells and recently shown to improve insulin sensitivity, can modulate the expression of SCD. We observed that fenretinide decreased SCD protein and enzymatic activity in the ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Increased expression of BiP/GRP78, ATF4, and GADD153 implicated ER stress. Tunicamycin and thapsigargin, compounds known to induce ER stress, also decreased the SCD protein. This decrease was completely blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. In addition, PYR41, an inhibitor of ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, blocked the fenretinide-mediated decrease in SCD. Immunoprecipitation analysis using anti-ubiquitin and anti-SCD antibodies and the blocking of SCD loss by PYR41 inhibition of ubiquitination further corroborate that fenretinide mediates the degradation of SCD in human RPE cells via the ubiquitin-proteasome dependent pathway. Therefore, the effect of fenretinide on SCD should be considered in its potential therapeutic role against cancer, type-2 diabetes, and retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Samuel
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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van Bilsen M, Planavila A. Fatty acids and cardiac disease: fuel carrying a message. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:476-90. [PMID: 24773697 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden, there has been a continuous interest in the detrimental effects of the Western-type high-fat diet for more than half a century. More recently, this general view has been subject to change as epidemiological studies showed that replacing fat by carbohydrate may even be worse and that various polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) have beneficial rather than detrimental effects on CVD outcome. At the same time, advances in lipid biology have provided insight into the mechanisms by which the different lipid components of the Western diet affect the cardiovascular system. In fact, this still is a rapidly growing field of research and in recent years novel FA derivatives and FA receptors have been discovered. This includes fish-oil derived FA-derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called resolvins, and various G-protein-coupled receptors that recognize FA as ligands. In the present review, we will extensively discuss the role of FA and their metabolites on cardiac disease, with special emphasis on the role of the different saturated and polyunsaturated FA and their respective metabolites in cellular signal transduction and the possible implications for the development of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - A. Planavila
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Barcelona Spain
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Elshorbagy AK. Body composition in gene knockouts of sulfur amino acid-metabolizing enzymes. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:455-63. [PMID: 24952018 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of several amino acids are elevated in human obesity and insulin resistance, but there is no conclusive evidence on whether the amino acid alterations are causal. Dietary restriction of the essential SAA methionine (MR) in rats produces a hypermetabolic phenotype, with an integrated set of transcriptional changes in lipid enzymes in liver and adipose tissue. MR also induces an array of changes in methionine metabolites, including elevated plasma homocysteine and decreased cystathionine, cysteine, glutathione, and taurine. Several knockouts of enzymes acting downstream of methionine recapitulate the phenotypic results of MR, suggesting that the MR phenotype may be driven by changes distal to methionine. Here we review the changes in SAA and body composition in seven relevant knockout mouse models. All seven models feature decreased body weight, which in five of these have been further explored and shown to result from predominantly decreased fat mass. Common to several models is increased energy expenditure, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and protection against dietary obesity, as occurs in MR. A decrease in plasma total cysteine concentrations is also seen in most models. The lean phenotype could often be reversed by dietary supplementation of cysteine or choline, but not taurine, betaine or a H2S donor. Importantly, the plasma concentrations of both cysteine and choline are positively associated with fat mass in large populations studies, while taurine, betaine, and H2S are not. Collectively, the emerging data from dietary and knockout models are in harmony with human epidemiologic data, suggesting that the availability of key nutrients in the SAA pathway regulates fat storage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany K Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK,
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48
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Saito E, Okada T, Abe Y, Odaka M, Kuromori Y, Iwata F, Hara M, Mugishima H, Kitamura Y. Relationship between estimated fatty acid desaturase activities and abdominal adiposity in Japanese children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e201-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Li F, Jiang C, Larsen MC, Bushkofsky J, Krausz KW, Wang T, Jefcoate CR, Gonzalez FJ. Lipidomics reveals a link between CYP1B1 and SCD1 in promoting obesity. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2679-87. [PMID: 24684199 PMCID: PMC4018097 DOI: 10.1021/pr500145n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cytochrome
P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic
compounds and endogenous metabolites. Disruption of Cyp1b1 in mice results in suppression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity
and an extensive change in hepatic energy regulation despite minimal
constitutive expression of CYP1B1 in hepatocytes. Lack of CYP1B1 is
correlated with altered lipid metabolism, especially lysophosphatidylcholines,
contributing to protection against obesity. Ultraperformance liquid
chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole mass
spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS)-based metabolomics revealed lysophosphatidylcholine
18:0 (LPC 18:0) as a biomarker positively related to HFD-induced obesity.
The increased serum LPC 18:0 in wild-type mice is reduced in Cyp1b1-null mice on a HFD, which is reversed in CYP1B1-humanized mice. CYP1B1-humanized
mice show higher diet-induced obesity compared with Cyp1b1-null mice, suggesting that human CYP1B1 shows a similar response
to HFD as mouse Cyp1b1. In addition, hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase
1 (SCD1) expression was decreased in Cyp1b1-null
mice, and the attenuated diet-induced obesity and lower serum LPC
18:0 in the Cyp1b1-null mice is elevated after SCD1
overexpression, suggesting that SCD1 is correlated with CYP1B1-induced
obesity. These studies establish a biochemical link between cytochromes
P450, lipids, and metabolic disorders and suggest that inhibition
of CYP1B1 could be target for antiobesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Zabielski P, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Lanza IR, Gopala S, Manjunatha S, Jakaitis DR, Persson XM, Gransee J, Klaus KA, Schimke JM, Jensen MD, Nair KS. Impact of insulin deprivation and treatment on sphingolipid distribution in different muscle subcellular compartments of streptozotocin-diabetic C57Bl/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E529-42. [PMID: 24368672 PMCID: PMC3948970 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00610.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin deprivation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) individuals increases lipolysis and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentration, which can stimulate synthesis of intramyocellular bioactive lipids such as ceramides (Cer) and long-chain fatty acid-CoAs (LCFa-CoAs). Ceramide was shown to decrease muscle insulin sensitivity, and at mitochondrial levels it stimulates reactive oxygen species production. Here, we show that insulin deprivation in streptozotocin diabetic C57BL/6 mice increases quadriceps muscle Cer content, which was correlated with a concomitant decrease in the body fat and increased plasma FFA, glycosylated hemoglobin level (%Hb A1c), and muscular LCFa-CoA content. The alternations were accompanied by an increase in protein expression in LCFa-CoA and Cer synthesis (FATP1/ACSVL5, CerS1, CerS5), a decrease in the expression of genes implicated in muscle insulin sensitivity (GLUT4, GYS1), and inhibition of insulin signaling cascade by Aktα and GYS3β phosphorylation under acute insulin stimulation. Both the content and composition of sarcoplasmic fraction sphingolipids were most affected by insulin deprivation, whereas mitochondrial fraction sphingolipids remained stable. The observed effects of insulin deprivation were reversed, except for content and composition of LCFa-CoA, CerS protein expression, GYS1 gene expression, and phosphorylation status of Akt and GYS3β when exogenous insulin was provided by subcutaneous insulin implants. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis revealed close relationships between the features of the diabetic phenotype, the content of LCFa-CoAs and Cers containing C18-fatty acids in sarcoplasm, but not in mitochondria. Insulin replacement did not completely rescue the phenotype, especially regarding the content of LCFa-CoA, or proteins implicated in Cer synthesis and muscle insulin sensitivity. These persistent changes might contribute to muscle insulin resistance observed in T1D individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zabielski
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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