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Costa AF, Senra E, Faria-Ramos I, Teixeira A, Morais J, Pacheco M, Reis CA, Gomes C. ST3GalIV drives SLeX biosynthesis in gastrointestinal cancer cells and associates with cancer cell motility. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:421-433. [PMID: 37074623 PMCID: PMC10335957 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Expression of sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) is a well-documented event during malignant transformation of cancer cells, and largely associates with their invasive and metastatic properties. Glycoproteins and glycolipids are the main carriers of SLeX, whose biosynthesis is known to be performed by different glycosyltransferases, namely by the family of β-galactoside-α2,3-sialyltransferases (ST3Gals). In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of ST3GalIV in the biosynthesis of SLeX and in malignant properties of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cells. By immunofluorescent screening, we selected SLeX-positive GI cancer cell lines and silenced ST3GalIV expression via CRISPR/Cas9. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that ST3GalIV KO efficiently impaired SLeX expression in most cancer cell lines, with the exception of the colon cancer cell line LS174T. The impact of ST3GalIV KO in the biosynthesis of SLeX isomer SLeA and non sialylated Lewis X and A were also evaluated and overall, ST3GalIV KO led to a decreased expression of SLeA and an increased expression in both LeX and LeA. In addition, the abrogation of SLeX on GI cancer cells led to a reduction in cell motility. Furthermore, ST3GalVI KO was performed in LS174T ST3GalIV KO cells, resulting in the complete abolishment of SLeX expression and consequent reduced motility capacity of those cells. Overall, these findings portray ST3GalIV as the main, but not the only, enzyme driving the biosynthesis of SLeX in GI cancer cells, with a functional impact on cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Costa
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Senra
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria-Ramos
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Teixeira
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Morais
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pacheco
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Gomes
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Miller KJ, Henry I, Maylin Z, Smith C, Arunachalam E, Pandha H, Asim M. A compendium of Androgen Receptor Variant 7 target genes and their role in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129140. [PMID: 36937454 PMCID: PMC10014620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signalling is the main driver of prostate cancer (PCa). Truncated isoforms of the AR called androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) lacking the ligand binding domain often emerge during treatment resistance against AR pathway inhibitors such as Enzalutamide. This review discusses how AR-Vs drive a more aggressive form of PCa through the regulation of some of their target genes involved in oncogenic pathways, enabling disease progression. There is a pressing need for the development of a new generation of AR inhibitors which can repress the activity of both the full-length AR and AR-Vs, for which the knowledge of differentially expressed target genes will allow evaluation of inhibition efficacy. This review provides a detailed account of the most common variant, AR-V7, the AR-V7 regulated genes which have been experimentally validated, endeavours to understand their relevance in aggressive AR-V driven PCa and discusses the utility of the downstream protein products as potential drug targets for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoe Maylin
- *Correspondence: Zoe Maylin, ; Mohammad Asim,
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T, Ramos JW. Overexpression of regucalcin blocks the migration, invasion, and bone metastatic activity of human prostate cancer cells: Crosstalk between cancer cells and bone cells. Prostate 2022; 82:1025-1039. [PMID: 35365850 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a bone metastatic cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prolonged progression-free survival of prostate cancer patients is associated with high regucalcin expression in the tumor tissues. This study investigates the underlying mechanism by which regucalcin prevents bone metastatic activity of prostate cancer cells. METHODS Human prostate cancer PC-3 or DU-145 wild-type cells or regucalcin-overexpressing PC-3 or DU-145 cells (transfectants) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. RESULTS Overexpressed regucalcin suppressed the migration and invasion of bone metastatic human prostate cancer cells in vitro, and it reduced the levels of key proteins in metastasis including Ras, Akt, MAPK, RSK-2, mTOR, caveolin-1, and integrin β1. Invasion of prostate cancer cells was promoted by coculturing with preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 or preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells. Coculturing with cancer cells and bone cells repressed the growth of preosteoblastic cells and enhanced osteoclastogenesis of preosteoclastic cells, and these alterations were caused by a conditioned medium from cancer cell culture. Disordered differentiation of bone cells was prevented by regucalcin overexpression. Production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cancer cells was blocked by overexpressed regucalcin. Of note, the effects of conditioned medium on bone cells were prevented by NF-κB inhibitor. TNF-α may be important as a mediator in the crosstalk between cancer cells and bone cells. CONCLUSION Overexpression of regucalcin suppressed the migration, invasion, and bone metastatic activity of human prostate cancer cells. This study may provide a new strategy for therapy with the regucalcin gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA
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Bui S, Mejia I, Díaz B, Wang Y. Adaptation of the Golgi Apparatus in Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:806482. [PMID: 34957124 PMCID: PMC8703019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in normal cell physiology by promoting cell survival, facilitating proliferation, and enabling cell-cell communication and migration. These roles are partially mediated by well-known Golgi functions, including post-translational modifications, lipid biosynthesis, intracellular trafficking, and protein secretion. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that the Golgi plays a critical role in sensing and integrating external and internal cues to promote cellular homeostasis. Indeed, the unique structure of the mammalian Golgi can be fine-tuned to adapt different Golgi functions to specific cellular needs. This is particularly relevant in the context of cancer, where unrestrained proliferation and aberrant survival and migration increase the demands in Golgi functions, as well as the need for Golgi-dependent sensing and adaptation to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of how the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus is influenced by oncogenic transformation, and how this adaptation may facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Isabel Mejia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Guerrero PE, Miró L, Wong BS, Massaguer A, Martínez-Bosch N, de Llorens R, Navarro P, Konstantopoulos K, Llop E, Peracaula R. Knockdown of α2,3-Sialyltransferases Impairs Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and E-selectin-Dependent Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176239. [PMID: 32872308 PMCID: PMC7503936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation is frequently found in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). α2,3-Sialyltransferases (α2,3-STs) ST3GAL3 and ST3GAL4 are overexpressed in PDA tissues and are responsible for increased biosynthesis of sialyl-Lewis (sLe) antigens, which play an important role in metastasis. This study addresses the effect of α2,3-STs knockdown on the migratory and invasive phenotype of PDA cells, and on E-selectin-dependent adhesion. Characterization of the cell sialome, the α2,3-STs and fucosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of sLe antigens, using a panel of human PDA cells showed differences in the levels of sialylated determinants and α2,3-STs expression, reflecting their phenotypic heterogeneity. Knockdown of ST3GAL3 and ST3GAL4 in BxPC-3 and Capan-1 cells, which expressed moderate to high levels of sLe antigens and α2,3-STs, led to a significant reduction in sLex and in most cases in sLea, with slight increases in the α2,6-sialic acid content. Moreover, ST3GAL3 and ST3GAL4 downregulation resulted in a significant decrease in cell migration and invasion. Binding and rolling to E-selectin, which represent key steps in metastasis, were also markedly impaired in the α2,3-STs knockdown cells. Our results indicate that inhibition of ST3GAL3 and ST3GAL4 may be a novel strategy to block PDA metastasis, which is one of the reasons for its dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Enrique Guerrero
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.E.G.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (R.d.L.)
| | - Laura Miró
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.E.G.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (R.d.L.)
| | - Bin S. Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (B.S.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.E.G.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (R.d.L.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.E.G.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (R.d.L.)
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (B.S.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Esther Llop
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.E.G.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (R.d.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (R.P.); Tel.: +972-418370 (R.P.); Fax: +972-41-82-41 (R.P.)
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (P.E.G.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (R.d.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (R.P.); Tel.: +972-418370 (R.P.); Fax: +972-41-82-41 (R.P.)
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Jin F, Wang F. The physiological and pathological roles and applications of sialyl Lewis x, a common carbohydrate ligand of the three selectins. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:277-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Gupta R, Leon F, Rauth S, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. A Systematic Review on the Implications of O-linked Glycan Branching and Truncating Enzymes on Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2020; 9:E446. [PMID: 32075174 PMCID: PMC7072808 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most commonly occurring post-translational modifications, and is believed to modify over 50% of all proteins. The process of glycan modification is directed by different glycosyltransferases, depending on the cell in which it is expressed. These small carbohydrate molecules consist of multiple glycan families that facilitate cell-cell interactions, protein interactions, and downstream signaling. An alteration of several types of O-glycan core structures have been implicated in multiple cancers, largely due to differential glycosyltransferase expression or activity. Consequently, aberrant O-linked glycosylation has been extensively demonstrated to affect biological function and protein integrity that directly result in cancer growth and progression of several diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of several initiating enzymes involved in the synthesis of O-linked glycosylation that significantly contribute to a number of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Frank Leon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-5900, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-5900, USA
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Glycomic Signatures of Plasma IgG Improve Preoperative Prediction of the Invasiveness of Small Lung Nodules. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010028. [PMID: 31861777 PMCID: PMC6982969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative assessment of tumor invasiveness is essential to avoid overtreatment for patients with small-sized ground-glass nodules (GGNs) of 10 mm or less in diameter. However, it is difficult to determine the pathological state by computed tomography (CT) examination alone. Aberrant glycans has emerged as a tool to identify novel potential disease biomarkers. In this study, we used a lectin microarray-based strategy to investigate whether glycosylation changes in plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) provide additional information about the invasiveness of small GGNs before surgery. Two independent cohorts (discovery set, n = 92; test set, n = 210) of GGN patients were used. Five of 45 lectins (Sambucus nigra agglutinin, SNA; Datura stramonium agglutinin, DSA; Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA; Euonymus europaeus lectin, EEL; and Vicia villosa agglutinin, VVA) were identified as independent factors associated with pathological invasiveness of small GGNs (p < 0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated the combination of these five lectins could significantly improve the accuracy of CT in diagnosing invasive GGNs, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.792 (p < 0.001), a sensitivity of 74.6%, and specificity of 74.4%, which was superior to current clinical biomarkers. These results suggest that the multilectin assay based on plasma IgG glycosylation may be a useful in vitro complementary test to enhance preoperative determination of the invasiveness of GGNs and guide surgeons to select proper clinical management to avoid overtreatment.
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Combined Effect of Lentinan and Cisplatin on Cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β in Tumor Therapy. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4064703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinan is a biologically active ingredient isolated from the fruiting body of Lentinula edodes (shiitake) and has antitumor properties. Cytokines, at the same time, are a key factor in regulating immune responses in physiological and pathological states. Many cytokines have shown positive effect on different malignancies in clinical trials. Studies have shown that such cytokines as IL6, TNF-α, and TGF-β play a quite important role in the formation of tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of combined medication of lentinan and cisplatin, another antitumor drug, and its impact on cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the treatment of tumor. The results showed that lentinan enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on tumor cells. Furthermore, it was proved that the combined treatment of lentinan and cisplatin enhanced the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on the expression of IL-6, TNF- α, TGF-β and tumor growth in mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenograft, human prostate tumor xenograft, and human non-small cell lung cancer xenograft.
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10
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Role of keratan sulfate expression in human pancreatic cancer malignancy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9665. [PMID: 31273306 PMCID: PMC6609602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) is a sulfated linear polymer of N-acetyllactosamine. Proteoglycans carrying keratan sulfate epitopes were majorly observed in cornea, cartilage and brain; and mainly involved in embryonic development, cornea transparency, and wound healing process. Recently, expression of KS in cancer has been shown to be highly associated with advanced tumor grade and poor prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to identify the expression of KS epitope in human pancreatic cancer primary and metastatic tumor lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis of KS expression was performed on primary pancreatic tumors and metastatic tissues. We observed an increased expression of KS epitope on primary tumor tissues compared to uninvolved normal and tumor stroma; and is associated with worse overall survival. Moreover, lung metastatic tumors show a higher-level expression of KS compared to primary tumors. Interestingly, KS biosynthesis specific glycosyltransferases expression was differentially regulated in metastatic pancreatic tumors. Taken together, these results indicate that aberrant expression of KS is predictive of pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Vickman RE, Yang J, Lanman NA, Cresswell GM, Zheng F, Zhang C, Doerge RW, Crist SA, Mesecar AD, Hu CD, Ratliff TL. Cholesterol Sulfotransferase SULT2B1b Modulates Sensitivity to Death Receptor Ligand TNFα in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1253-1263. [PMID: 30824526 PMCID: PMC6548593 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol sulfotransferase, SULT2B1b, has been demonstrated to modulate both androgen receptor activity and cell growth properties. However, the mechanism(s) by which SULT2B1b alters these properties within prostate cancer cells has not been described. Furthermore, specific advantages of SULT2B1b expression in prostate cancer cells are not understood. In these studies, single-cell mRNA sequencing was conducted to compare the transcriptomes of SULT2B1b knockdown (KD) versus Control KD LNCaP cells. Over 2,000 differentially expressed genes were identified along with alterations in numerous canonical pathways, including the death receptor signaling pathway. The studies herein demonstrate that SULT2B1b KD increases TNFα expression in prostate cancer cells and results in NF-κB activation in a TNF-dependent manner. More importantly, SULT2B1b KD significantly enhances TNF-mediated apoptosis in both TNF-sensitive LNCaP cells and TNF-resistant C4-2 cells. Overexpression of SULT2B1b in LNCaP cells also decreases sensitivity to TNF-mediated cell death, suggesting that SULT2B1b modulates pathways dictating the TNF sensitivity capacity of prostate cancer cells. Probing human prostate cancer patient datasets further supports this work by providing evidence that SULT2B1b expression is inversely correlated with TNF-related genes, including TNF, CD40LG, FADD, and NFKB1. Together, these data provide evidence that SULT2B1b expression in prostate cancer cells enhances resistance to TNF and may provide a growth advantage. In addition, targeting SULT2B1b may induce an enhanced therapeutic response to TNF treatment in advanced prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS: These data suggest that SULT2B1b expression enhances resistance to TNF and may promote prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Vickman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nadia A Lanman
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Faye Zheng
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genomics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - R W Doerge
- Department of Statistics and Data Science; Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A Crist
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Xie H, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, Fu H, Cao Y, Li G, Shen Y, Dai B, Xu J, Ye D. B4GALT1 expression predicts prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:590. [PMID: 29793447 PMCID: PMC5968541 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression alterations of B4GALT1 have been noted in some types of cancer and they are related to cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, and drug resistance. We aimed to establish the expression of B4GALT1 in bladder cancer and its connection to patient outcomes, as well as forecasting the advantages of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods There were 142 and 112 MIBC patients who were consecutively recruited and treated via radical cystectomy from 2008 to 2012 in Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), respectively. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed in triplicate from specimens that had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin samples. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate B4GALT1 expression in tumor cores, the connection between B4GALT1 expression and patients’ clinical characteristics, and clinical results. Results B4GALT1 expression was not connected to clinical prognosis markers, but it was linked to overall survival (OS) (P = 0.013 and P = 0.010, respectively) in the two groups. Moreover, the high levels of B4GALT1 expression were independent indicators of poor OS (P = 0.026 and P = 0.046, respectively). Inclusion of B4GALT1 in the prognostic model revealed a greater predictive accuracy than the primary models. In addition, no differences were observed between B4GALT1 expression (low vs. high) and CD8+ T cell infiltration density (number/cm2) within tumor cores, but there was a positive Pearson correlation between B4GALT1 expression and expression of inhibitory receptor ligands, such as PD-L1 and CTLA4. Most significantly, the advantage of ACT noted in pT3/4 or N+ bladder cancer patients with low B4GALT1 expression was greater than in patients with a high B4GALT1 expression. Conclusions Our evaluation indicated that B4GALT1 may be a possible prognosticator of MIBC, and it may be a predictive marker for the choice of ACT in pT3/4 or N+ patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4497-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixuyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gaoxiang Li
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixuyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Carrascal MA, Silva M, Ramalho JS, Pen C, Martins M, Pascoal C, Amaral C, Serrano I, Oliveira MJ, Sackstein R, Videira PA. Inhibition of fucosylation in human invasive ductal carcinoma reduces E-selectin ligand expression, cell proliferation, and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:579-593. [PMID: 29215790 PMCID: PMC5928367 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer tissue overexpresses fucosylated glycans, such as sialyl-Lewis X/A (sLeX/A ), and α-1,3/4-fucosyltransferases (FUTs) in relation to increased disease progression and metastasis. These glycans in tumor circulating cells mediate binding to vascular E-selectin, initiating tumor extravasation. However, their role in breast carcinogenesis is still unknown. Here, we aimed to define the contribution of the fucosylated structures, including sLeX/A , to cell adhesion, cell signaling, and cell proliferation in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), the most frequent type of breast cancer. We first analyzed expression of E-selectin ligands in IDC tissue and established primary cell cultures from the tissue. We observed strong reactivity with E-selectin and anti-sLeX/A antibodies in both IDC tissue and cell lines, and expression of α-1,3/4 FUTs FUT4, FUT5, FUT6, FUT10, and FUT11. To further assess the role of fucosylation in IDC biology, we immortalized a primary IDC cell line with human telomerase reverse transcriptase to create the 'CF1_T cell line'. Treatment with 2-fluorofucose (2-FF), a fucosylation inhibitor, completely abrogated its sLeX/A expression and dramatically reduced adherence of CF1_T cells to E-selectin under hemodynamic flow conditions. In addition, 2-FF-treated CF1_T cells showed a reduced migratory ability, as well as decreased cell proliferation rate. Notably, 2-FF treatment lowered the growth factor expression of CF1_T cells, prominently for FGF2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta, and negatively affected activation of signal-regulating protein kinases 1 and 2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These data indicate that fucosylation licenses several malignant features of IDC, such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and growth factor expression, contributing to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène A. Carrascal
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | - Mariana Silva
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- Departments of Dermatology and MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolProgram of Excellence in GlycosciencesBostonMAUSA
| | - José S. Ramalho
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | - Cláudia Pen
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralEPE – Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaLisbonPortugal
| | - Manuela Martins
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralEPE – Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaLisbonPortugal
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | - Constança Amaral
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | | | - Maria José Oliveira
- New Therapies GroupINEB‐Institute for Biomedical EngineeringPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Departments of Dermatology and MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolProgram of Excellence in GlycosciencesBostonMAUSA
| | - Paula A. Videira
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- CDG & Allies – PPAIN Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Professionals and Patient Associations International NetworkCaparicaPortugal
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14
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Xie H, Zhu Y, An H, Wang H, Zhu Y, Fu H, Wang Z, Fu Q, Xu J, Ye D. Increased B4GALT1 expression associates with adverse outcome in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32723-30. [PMID: 27092876 PMCID: PMC5078046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B4GALT1 is one of seven beta-1, 4-galactosyltransferase (B4GALT) genes, which has distinct functions in various malignances. Here, we evaluate the association of B4GALT1 expression with oncologic outcome in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A retrospective analysis of 438 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC at two academic medical centers between 2005 and 2009 was performed. The first cohort with 207 patients was treated as training cohort and the other as validation cohort. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were created in triplicate from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded specimens. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed and the association of B4GALT1 expression with standard pathologic features and prognosis were evaluated. B4GALT1 expression was significantly associated with tumor T stage (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively), Fuhrman grade (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and necrosis (P=0.021 and P=0.002, respectively) in both training and validation cohorts. And high B4GALT1 expression indicated poor overall survival (OS) (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) in the two cohorts. Furthermore, B4GALT1 expression was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for survival (P=0.007 and P=0.002, respectively). Moreover, the accuracy of established prognostic models was improved when B4GALT1 expression was added. Therefore, a predictive nomogram was generated with identified independent prognosticators to assess patients' OS at 5 and 10 years. Increased B4GALT1 expression is a potential independent adverse prognostic factor for OS in patients with non-metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin An
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Sui Z, Shi Y, Gao Z, Yang D, Wang Z. Expression of programmed cell death1 in T follicular helper cells is regulated by prostaglandin E2 secreted by HBV-infected HepG2.2.1.5 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4305-4311. [PMID: 28440484 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of T follicular helper (Tfh)-cell subsets in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determine the underlying mechanism of HBV regulation of Tfh cells. The frequency of peripheral blood Tfh subsets was analyzed using flow cytometry. The expression level of programmed cell death‑1 (PD‑1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was quantified using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The PGE2 level in culture supernatant was detected using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. A Transwell chamber was used to co‑culture Tfh cells with HepG2 and HepG2.2.1.5. The percentage of inducible T‑cell costimulator (ICOS)+ and total Tfh cells was high at the immune activation (IA) group; however, it was reduced in the immune tolerance (IT), responders with HBsAg seroconversion (RP) and healthy control (HC) groups. The percentage of PD‑1+ Tfh cells was significantly higher in IA and IT compared with RP and HC. The ratio of PD‑1+/total Tfh cells was positively correlated with the load of HBV DNA; therefore, this ratio may act as an indicator for HBV replication. The expression level of PD‑1 in Tfh cells was higher in the HepG2.2.1.5 co‑cultured group compared with the HepG2 group, this may be due to the high PGE2 expression level in HBV‑infected HepG2.2.1.5 cells. The findings of the present study revealed an imbalanced distribution of PD‑1+ Tfh cells in patients with HBV at different immune phases. Additionally, HBV may upregulate the expression of PD‑1 in Tfh cells by promoting HepG2.2.1.5 to secret PGE2. Identifying the effect of HBV on Tfh‑cell subsets is crucial for improving immuno-based therapy for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Sui
- Department of Nursing, Hulunbeier Vocational Technical College, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia 021000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng, Jilin 137000, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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16
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Chen D, Zhang F, Ren H, Luo J, Wang S. Role of cytokines and chemokines in alcohol-induced tumor promotion. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1665-1671. [PMID: 28360527 PMCID: PMC5364014 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s129781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive chronic alcohol consumption has become a worldwide health problem. The oncogenic effect of chronic alcohol consumption is one of the leading concerns. The mechanisms of alcohol-induced tumorigenesis and tumor progression are largely unknown, although many factors have been implicated in the process. This review discusses the recent progress in this research area with concentration on alcohol-induced dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Based on the available evidence, we propose that alcohol promotes tumor progression by the dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine system. In addition, we discuss specific transcription factors and signaling pathways that are involved in the action of these cytokines/chemokines and the oncogenic effect of alcohol. This review provides novel insight into the mechanisms of alcohol-induced tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Siying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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17
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Munkley J. Glycosylation is a global target for androgen control in prostate cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R49-R64. [PMID: 28159857 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in glycan composition are common in cancer and can play important roles in all of the recognised hallmarks of cancer. We recently identified glycosylation as a global target for androgen control in prostate cancer cells and further defined a set of 8 glycosylation enzymes (GALNT7, ST6GalNAc1, GCNT1, UAP1, PGM3, CSGALNACT1, ST6GAL1 and EDEM3), which are also significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissue. These 8 enzymes are under direct control of the androgen receptor (AR) and are linked to the synthesis of important cancer-associated glycans such as sialyl-Tn (sTn), sialyl LewisX (SLeX), O-GlcNAc and chondroitin sulfate. Glycosylation has a key role in many important biological processes in cancer including cell adhesion, migration, interactions with the cell matrix, immune surveillance, cell signalling and cellular metabolism. Our results suggest that alterations in patterns of glycosylation via androgen control might modify some or all of these processes in prostate cancer. The prostate is an abundant secretor of glycoproteins of all types, and alterations in glycans are, therefore, attractive as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Emerging data on these often overlooked glycan modifications have the potential to improve risk stratification and therapeutic strategies in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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18
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Hayes BD, Brady L, Pollak M, Finn SP. Exercise and Prostate Cancer: Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms for Disease Modification. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1281-8. [PMID: 27389872 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has many potential benefits in relation to cancer. Apart from primary prevention, these include improvement of nonspecific cancer-related symptoms, amelioration of symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors related to cancer treatment, and improvements in various quality-of-life-related factors. Increasing evidence also points toward improved cancer-free and overall survival in cancer patients who undertake regular exercise, findings which should encourage further research in this area. Obesity is known to be associated with a proinflammatory, prothrombotic humoral milieu, which may promote aggressiveness in prostate cancer through interactions with NK-cell-mediated killing of circulating tumor cells, through platelet-circulating tumor cell interactions, and through alterations in adipokine and myokine profile among others. Physical activity reduces levels of systemic inflammatory mediators and so exercise may represent an accessible and cost-effective means of ameliorating the proinflammatory effects of obesity in cancer patients. This review outlines the evidence for the benefits of exercise in these patients, focusing on prostate cancer, and delineates current theories of the underlying biological mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1281-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Wang Z, Xu L, Hu Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang M, Yuan K, Min W. miRNA let-7b modulates macrophage polarization and enhances tumor-associated macrophages to promote angiogenesis and mobility in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25602. [PMID: 27157642 PMCID: PMC4860600 DOI: 10.1038/srep25602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a highly plastic physiological process that responds to a variety of environmental factors by changing macrophage phenotype and function. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are generally recognized as promoting tumor progression. As universal regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) are functionally involved in numerous critical cellular processes including macrophage polarization. Let-7b, a miRNA, has differential expression patterns in inflamed tissues compared with healthy controls. However, whether and how miRNA let-7b regulates macrophage phenotype and function is unclear. In this report, we find that up-regulation of let-7b is characteristic of prostatic TAMs, and down-regulation of let-7b in TAMs leads to changes in expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12, IL-23, IL-10 and TNF-α. As a result, TAMs treated with let-7b inhibitors reduce angiogenesis and prostate carcinoma (PCa) cell mobility. Let-7b may play a vital role in regulating macrophage polarization, thus modulating the prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinying Hu
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanrong Yu
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Keng Yuan
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiping Min
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, China
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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20
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Kazuno S, Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y, Murayama K, Fujime M, Ueno T, Fujimura T. Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1137-46. [PMID: 26880719 PMCID: PMC4924372 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate‐specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N‐glycanase. Released glycans were quantified using MALDI‐time of flight mass spectrometry. We report that N‐linked (N‐acetylhexosamine)2(deoxyhexose)(mannose)3(N‐acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N‐acetylhexosamine)2(deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N‐acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N‐linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N‐acetylneuraminic acid)(α2‐6)galactose/N‐acetylgalactosamine groups in the N‐linked glycans of patient IgG. Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Kazuno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kimie Murayama
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujime
- Division of Urology, Department of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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21
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Significance of TNF-α and the Adhesion Molecules: L-Selectin and VCAM-1 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Thyroid Res 2016; 2016:8143695. [PMID: 26881177 PMCID: PMC4737049 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8143695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of TNF-α and the adhesion molecules L-Selectin and VCAM-1 as well as their expression in the primary tumors of patients with benign thyroid diseases and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have been determined in this study. The serum levels of TNF-α, L-Selectin, and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with both benign thyroid diseases and PTC as compared to the healthy individuals. However, the levels of only TNF-α and L-Selectin, and not VCAM-1, were significantly higher in patients with PTC in comparison to those observed in patients with benign thyroid diseases. Further the expression of TNF-α and L-Selectin was also significantly higher in the primary tumors of PTC patients, relative to the benign thyroid diseases. The expression of L-Selectin and VCAM-1 significantly correlated with aggressive tumor behavior. In PTC patients, the circulating TNF-α levels significantly positively correlated with the levels of L-Selectin, while TNF-α immunoreactivity was significantly associated with VCAM-1 expression. Serum TNF-α was found to be a significant prognosticator for OS in PTC patients. Overall the results signify that the interaction between TNF-α and the adhesion molecules may have a role in thyroid carcinogenesis and understanding this complexity may offer potential therapeutic targets for better management of thyroid cancer.
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22
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No Major Host Genetic Risk Factor Contributed to A(H1N1)2009 Influenza Severity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135983. [PMID: 26379185 PMCID: PMC4574704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While most patients affected by the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic experienced mild symptoms, a small fraction required hospitalization, often without concomitant factors that could explain such a severe course. We hypothesize that host genetic factors could contribute to aggravate the disease. To test this hypothesis, we compared the allele frequencies of 547,296 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between 49 severe and 107 mild confirmed influenza A cases, as well as against a general population sample of 549 individuals. When comparing severe vs. mild influenza A cases, only one SNP was close to the conventional p = 5×10−8. This SNP, rs28454025, sits in an intron of the GSK233 gene, which is involved in a neural development, but seems not to have any connections with immunological or inflammatory functions. Indirectly, a previous association reported with CD55 was replicated. Although sample sizes are low, we show that the statistical power in our design was sufficient to detect highly-penetrant, quasi-Mendelian genetic factors. Hence, and assuming that rs28454025 is likely to be a false positive, no major genetic factor was detected that could explain poor influenza A course.
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23
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Al-Obaide MAI, Alobydi H, Abdelsalam AG, Zhang R, Srivenugopal KS. Multifaceted roles of 5'-regulatory region of the cancer associated gene B4GALT1 and its comparison with the gene family. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1393-404. [PMID: 26315939 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β1,4-Galactosylransferases are a family of enzymes encoded by seven B4GALT genes and are involved in the development of anticancer drug resistance and metastasis. Among these genes, the B4GALT1 shows significant variations in the transcript origination sites in different cell types/tissues and encodes an interesting dually partitioning β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase protein. We identified at 5'-end of B4GALT1 a 1.454 kb sequence forming a transcription regulatory region, referred to by us as the TR1-PE1, had all characteristics of a bidirectional promoter directing the transcription of B4GALT1 in a divergent manner along with its long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) antisense counterpart B4GALT1-AS1. The TR1-PE1 showed unique dinucleotide base-stacking energy values specific to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), INR and BRE, and harbored CpG Island (CGI) that showed GC skew with potential for R-loop formation at the transcription starting sites (TSSs). The 5'-regulatory axis of B4GALT1 also included five more novel TFBSs for CTCF, GLI1, TCF7L2, GATA3 and SOX5, in addition to unique (TG)18 repeats in conjunction with 22 nucleotide TG-associated sequence (TGAS). The five lncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 transcripts showed significant complementarity with B4GALT1 mRNA. In contrast, the rest of B4GALT genes showed fewer lncRNAs, and all lacked the (TG)18 and TGAS. Our results are strongly supported by the FANTOM5 study which showed tissue-specific variations in transcript origination sites for this gene. We suggest that the unique expression patterns for the B4GALT1 in normal and malignant tissues are controlled by a differential usage of 5'-B4GALT1 regulatory units along with a post-transcriptional regulation by the antisense RNA, which in turn govern the cell-matrix interactions, neoplastic progression, anticancer drug sensitivity, and could be utilized in personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Ibrahim Al-Obaide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | | | - Abdelsalam G Abdelsalam
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Kalkunte S Srivenugopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Chachadi VB, Bhat G, Cheng PW. Glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of MUC-associated metastasis-promoting selectin ligands. Glycobiology 2015; 25:963-75. [PMID: 25972125 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialyl Lewis a and x (sLe(a/x)) antigens frequently displayed on the surface of tumor cells are involved in metastasis. Their synthesis has been attributed to altered expression of selective glycosyltransferases. Identification of these glycosyltransferases and the glycoproteins that carry these carbohydrate antigens should help advance our understanding of selectin-mediated cancer metastasis. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis coupled with in situ proximity ligation assay and small interference RNA treatment shows involvement of β3galactosyltransferase-V in the synthesis of MUC16-associated sLe(a) in H292 cells. Also, α3fucosyltransferase-V, which is absent in BEAS-2B human immortalized bronchial epithelial cells and A549 lung carcinoma cells, participates in the synthesis of MUC1-associated sLe(x) in CFT1 human immortalized bronchial epithelial cells and H292 lung carcinoma cells. Neither selectin ligand is found on MUC1 in BEAS-2B and A549 cells. Knockdown of either enzyme suppresses migration, and selectin tethering and rolling properties of H292 cells under dynamic flow as determined by wound healing and parallel plate flow chamber assays, respectively. These results provide insights into how the synthesis of mucin-associated selectin ligands and the metastatic properties of cancer cells can be regulated by selective glycosyltransferases that work on mucins. They may help develop novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath B Chachadi
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine
| | - Ganapati Bhat
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine
| | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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25
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Bassagañas S, Allende H, Cobler L, Ortiz MR, Llop E, de Bolós C, Peracaula R. Inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of tumor-associated sialylated glycans in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cytokine 2015; 75:197-206. [PMID: 25934648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundant stroma containing several pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are described to modulate the expression of important genes related to tumor promotion and progression. In the present work we have investigated the potential role of these cytokines in the biosynthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens such as sialyl-Lewis(x) (SLe(x)) through the regulation of specific glycosyltransferase genes. METHODS Two human PDAC cell lines MDAPanc-3 and MDAPanc-28 were treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 or IL-8, and the content of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens at the cell membrane was analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, variation in the mRNA expression of sialyltransferase (ST) and fucosyltransferase (FUT) genes, which codify for the ST and FucT enzymes involved in the carbohydrate antigens' biosynthesis, was determined. The inflammatory microenvironment of PDAC tissues and the expression of Lewis-type antigens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to find a possible correlation between inflammation status and the presence of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. RESULTS IL-1β stimuli increased SLe(x) and α2,6-sialic acid levels in MDAPanc-28 cells and enhanced the mRNA levels of ST3GAL3-4 and FUT5-7, which codify for ST and FucT enzymes related to SLe(x) biosynthesis, and of ST6GAL1. IL-6 and TNFα treatments increased the levels of SLe(x) and Le(y) antigens in MDPanc-3 cells and, similarly, the mRNA expression of ST3GAL3-4, FUT1-2 and FUT6, related to these Lewis-type antigens' biosynthesis, were increased. Most PDAC tissues stained for SLe(x) and SLe(a) and tended to be expressed in the tumor samples with a higher presence of inflammatory immune cells. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory microenvironment can modulate the glycosylation pattern of PDAC cells, increasing the expression of tumor-associated sialylated antigens such as SLe(x), which contributes to pancreatic tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Bassagañas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Helena Allende
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Cobler
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carme de Bolós
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Crawley DJ, Holmberg L, Melvin JC, Loda M, Chowdhury S, Rudman SM, Van Hemelrijck M. Serum glucose and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:985. [PMID: 25526881 PMCID: PMC4320469 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raised serum glucose has been linked to increased risk of many solid cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify and summarise the evidence for this link. METHODS Pubmed and Embase were reviewed, using search terms representing serum glucose and cancer. Inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on epidemiological studies with clear definitions of serum glucose levels, cancer type, as well as well-described statistical methods with sufficient data available. We used 6.1 mmol/L as the cut-off for high glucose, consistent with the WHO definition of metabolic syndrome. Random effects analyses were performed to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR). RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the primary analysis, which showed a pooled RR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20 - 1.45). Including only those individuals with fasting glucose measurements did not have a large effect on the pooled RR (1.32 (95% CI: 1.11-1.57). A stratified analysis showed a pooled RR of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02-1.77) for hormonally driven cancer and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09-1.36) for cancers thought to be driven by Insulin Growth Factor-1. CONCLUSION A positive association between serum glucose and risk of cancer was found. The underlying biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated but our subgroup analyses suggest that the insulin- IGF-1 axis does not fully explain the association. These findings are of public health importance as measures to reduce serum glucose via lifestyle and dietary changes could be implemented in the context of cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Crawley
- />King’s College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK
- />Department of Oncology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lars Holmberg
- />King’s College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK
- />Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala-Örebro, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- />Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer C Melvin
- />King’s College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK
| | - Massimo Loda
- />Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Simon Chowdhury
- />Department of Oncology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah M Rudman
- />Department of Oncology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- />King’s College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK
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Zhang YH, Yan HQ, Wang F, Wang YY, Jiang YN, Wang YN, Gao FG. TIPE2 inhibits TNF-α-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell metastasis via Erk1/2 downregulation and NF-κB activation. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:254-64. [PMID: 25339267 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2, TIPE2), which belongs to the TNF-α-induced protein 8 family, is a negative regulator of immune homeostasis. Although pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α have been reported to be involved in liver carcinoma metastasis, the effect of TIPE2 on hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis remains unknown. We demonstrate that TNF-α clearly augments MMP-13/MMP-3 expression and promotes cell migration in HepG2 cells through activation of the Erk1/2-NF-κB pathways. Interestingly, in addition to human PBLs, macrophages and fibroblasts, liver cancer cells specifically express TNF-α following LPS treatment. Most importantly, TIPE2 overexpression efficiently abrogates the effects of LPS on TNF-α secretion and abolishes the effects of TNF-α on MMP-13/MMP-3 upregulation, cell migration and Erk1/2-NF-κB activation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TIPE2 was able to suppress TNF-α-induced hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by inhibiting Erk1/2 and NF-κB activation, indicating that both TNF-α and TIPE2 might be potential targets for the treatment of HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qiong Yan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yi Na Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yi Nan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guang Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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Ganapathi SK, Beggs AD, Hodgson SV, Kumar D. Expression and DNA methylation of TNF, IFNG and FOXP3 in colorectal cancer and their prognostic significance. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1581-9. [PMID: 25225903 PMCID: PMC4200101 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is associated with suppression of host cell-mediated immunity and local immune escape mechanisms. Our aim was to assess the immune function in terms of expression of TNF, IFNG and FOXP3 in CRC. METHODS Sixty patients with CRC and 15 matched controls were recruited. TaqMan quantitative PCR and methylation-specific PCR was performed for expression and DNA methylation analysis of TNF, IFNG and FOXP3. Survival analysis was performed over a median follow-up of 48 months. RESULTS TNF was suppressed in tumour and IFNG was suppressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CRC. Tumours showed enhanced expression of FOXP3 and was significantly higher when tumour size was >38 mm (median tumour size; P=0.006, Mann-Whitney U-test). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell IFNG was suppressed in recurrent CRC (P=0.01). Methylated TNFpromoter (P=0.003) and TNFexon1 (P=0.001) were associated with significant suppression of TNF in tumours. Methylated FOXP3cpg was associated with significant suppression of FOXP3 in both PBMC (P=0.018) and tumours (P=0.010). Reduced PBMC FOXP3 expression was associated with significantly worse overall survival (HR=8.319, P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS We have detected changes in the expression of immunomodulatory genes that could act as biomarkers for prognosis and future immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Ganapathi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - A D Beggs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - S V Hodgson
- Department of Cancer Genetics, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
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Cheng X, Gu J, Zhang M, Yuan J, Zhao B, Jiang J, Jia X. Astragaloside IV inhibits migration and invasion in human lung cancer A549 cells via regulating PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:304-13. [PMID: 25218161 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The migration and invasion characteristics that are related to inflammatory response play important roles in the development of lung cancer. Astagaloside IV (AS-IV), an effective saponin component isolated from Astragali Radix, has been reported to inhibit metastasis of tumor cells. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of AS-IV on inhibiting the migration and invasion characteristics of lung cancer cells. In the present study, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Wound-healing assay and transwell chambers assay were used to detect the effects of AS-IV on the migration capacity and invasiveness of A549 cells. Metastasis-related bio-markers expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Levels of inflammatory factors including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell supernatant were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of PKC-α, ERK1/2 and NF-κB were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the migration and invasion ability of A549 has been suppressed in presence of AS-IV. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 were decreased significantly, whereas E-cadherin was increased by the treatment of different concentrations AS-IV. Furthermore, AS-IV also significantly decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Interestingly, PKC pathway inhibitor AEB071 (Sotrastaurin) (0.1 μM) or ERK inhibitor U0126 (1 μM) or NF-κB inhibitor PDTC (1 μM) could affect suppression of AS-IV on cell invasion, at least partially. Our results suggested that the migration and invasion of AS-IV in A549 cells might be related to the PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. The result indicated that AS-IV could be used as a candidate for the inhibition of metastasis of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiarui Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Trinchera M, Chiricolo M. Sialosignaling: Sialyltransferases as engines of self-fueling loops in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2752-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Muniyan S, Ingersoll MA, Batra SK, Lin MF. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase, a PTEN-functional homologue in prostate epithelia, functions as a prostate-specific tumor suppressor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1846:88-98. [PMID: 24747769 PMCID: PMC4140952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) plays a vital role in the progression of human cancers. Nevertheless, those ubiquitous TSGs have been shown with limited roles in various stages of diverse carcinogenesis. Investigation on identifying unique TSG, especially for early stage of carcinogenesis, is imperative. As such, the search for organ-specific TSGs has emerged as a major strategy in cancer research. Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence in solid tumors in US males. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP) is a prostate-specific differentiation antigen. Despite intensive studies over the past several decades on PAcP as a PCa biomarker, the role of cPAcP as a PCa-specific tumor suppressor has only recently been emerged and validated. The mechanism underlying the pivotal role of cPAcP as a prostate-specific TSG is, in part, due to its function as a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) as well as a phosphoinositide phosphatase (PIP), an apparent functional homologue to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in PCa cells. This review is focused on discussing the function of this authentic prostate-specific tumor suppressor and the mechanism behind the loss of cPAcP expression leading to prostate carcinogenesis. We review other phosphatases' roles as TSGs which regulate oncogenic PI3K signaling in PCa and discuss the functional similarity between cPAcP and PTEN in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew A Ingersoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zhu G, Du Q, Wang X, Tang N, She F, Chen Y. TNF-α promotes gallbladder cancer cell growth and invasion through autocrine mechanisms. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1431-40. [PMID: 24676340 PMCID: PMC4055436 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been suggested to be a putative tumor promoter gene, and autocrine of TNF-α expression has been found in colon cancer and ovarian cancer. As the role of autocrine TNF-α in human gallbladder cancer has not yet been elucidated, the present study examined the expression of TNF-α in gallbladder cancer-derived cell lines. Based on the data, TNF-α mRNA and TNF-α protein expression differed significantly different between the cell lines. In addition, using siRNA targeting TNF-α, the vector, pGPU-GFP-siTNF-α, was constructed and then transfected into the SGC-996 cells (gallbladder cancer cell line) which express high levels of endogenous TNF-α. In vitro experiments indicated that the silencing of TNF-α in the SGC-996 cells significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion. However, apoptosis was not induced by the silencing of TNF-α. Furthermore, we traced the mechanisms underlying these effects and found that the silencing of TNF-α affected the TNF-α-AKT-NF-κB-Bcl-2 pathway in the SGC-996 cells. Our data provide evidence that autocrine TNF-α plays a role as a tumor promoter gene in gallbladder cancer cells, possibly by promoting proliferation and invasion through autocrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Feifei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Häuselmann I, Borsig L. Altered tumor-cell glycosylation promotes metastasis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:28. [PMID: 24592356 PMCID: PMC3923139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells is associated with aberrant glycosylation presented on the cell-surface. Commonly observed changes in glycan structures during malignancy encompass aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins; abnormal branching of N-glycans; and increased presence of sialic acid on proteins and glycolipids. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that the presence of certain glycan structures correlates with cancer progression by affecting tumor-cell invasiveness, ability to disseminate through the blood circulation and to metastasize in distant organs. During metastasis tumor-cell-derived glycans enable binding to cells in their microenvironment including endothelium and blood constituents through glycan-binding receptors – lectins. In this review, we will discuss current concepts how tumor-cell-derived glycans contribute to metastasis with the focus on three types of lectins: siglecs, galectins, and selectins. Siglecs are present on virtually all hematopoietic cells and usually negatively regulate immune responses. Galectins are mostly expressed by tumor cells and support tumor-cell survival. Selectins are vascular adhesion receptors that promote tumor-cell dissemination. All lectins facilitate interactions within the tumor microenvironment and thereby promote cancer progression. The identification of mechanisms how tumor glycans contribute to metastasis may help to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and aid to develop clinical strategies to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Häuselmann
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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Rodríguez-Berriguete G, Sánchez-Espiridión B, Cansino JR, Olmedilla G, Martínez-Onsurbe P, Sánchez-Chapado M, Paniagua R, Fraile B, Royuela M. Clinical significance of both tumor and stromal expression of components of the IL-1 and TNF-α signaling pathways in prostate cancer. Cytokine 2013; 64:555-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Friedman M. Anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective, and other health benefits of tomato compounds lycopene, α-tomatine, and tomatidine in pure form and in fresh and processed tomatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9534-50. [PMID: 24079774 DOI: 10.1021/jf402654e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tomatoes produce the bioactive compounds lycopene and α-tomatine that are reported to have potential health-promoting effects in animals and humans, but our understanding of the roles of these compounds in the diet is incomplete. Our current knowledge gained from the chemistry and analysis of these compounds in fresh and processed tomatoes and from studies on their bioavailability, bioactivity, and mechanisms of action against cancer cells and other beneficial bioactivities including antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, cardiovascular, and immunostimulating effects in cells, animals, and humans is discussed and interpreted here. Areas for future research are also suggested. The collated information and suggested research might contribute to a better understanding of the agronomical, biochemical, chemical, physiological, molecular, and cellular bases of the health-promoting effects and facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of lycopene and α-tomatine in pure form and in fresh tomatoes and processed tomato products to help prevent or treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Albany, California 94710, United States
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Vaughan RA, Garcia-Smith R, Trujillo KA, Bisoffi M. Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases aerobic glycolysis and reduces oxidative metabolism in prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1538-46. [PMID: 23818177 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation promotes prostate cancer formation and progression. Furthermore, alterations in energy metabolism are a hallmark of prostate cancer cells. However, the actions of inflammatory factors on the energy metabolism of prostate epithelial cells have not been previously investigated. This is the first study to report on the effect of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) on the glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, and the mitochondrial function of widely used prostate epithelial cells. METHODS Pre-malignant RWPE-1 and cancerous LNCaP and PC-3 cells were treated with low-dose TNFα. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism was quantified by measuring extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates, respectively. ATP content and lactate export were measured by luminescence and fluorescence, respectively. Mitochondrial content and the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and Cytochrome C were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Our data suggest that TNFα increases glycolysis, ATP production, and lactate export, while it reduces oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function in prostate epithelial cells. The highly aggressive PC-3 cells tend to be less responsive to the actions of TNFα than the pre-malignant RWPE-1 and the non-aggressive LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS Cellular energetics, that is, glycolytic and oxidative metabolism is significantly influenced by low-level inflammation in prostate epithelial cells. In widely used prostate epithelial cell models, the micro-environmental inflammatory cytokine TNFα induces aerobic glycolysis while inhibiting oxidative metabolism. This supports the hypothesis that low-level inflammation can induce Warburg metabolism in prostate epithelial cells, which may promote cancer formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D. Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms tying obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome with cancer. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 Suppl 2:S233-9. [PMID: 23882051 PMCID: PMC3920794 DOI: 10.2337/dcs13-2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
During the process of hematogenous tumor metastasis, tumor cells that dissociated from the primary site enter the blood vessels and are exposed to innate immune systems in host blood circulation. In the innate immune systems, natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in rejecting tumors and suppressing metastasis. To establish metastasis, tumor cells therefore need to defend themselves against tumor rejection by NK cells. It has been recently discovered that some tumor cells develop defense systems against NK cell attack using certain types of cell-surface carbohydrates. The types of carbohydrates attached to cell-surface glycoproteins through serine or threonine residues contain a branch consisting of β-1,6-linkage of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine and are designated as core2 O-glycans. Tumor cells expressing core2 O-glycans evade NK cell-mediated tumor rejection, thereby surviving longer in host circulation and acquiring high-metastatic phenotypes. This review explains two types of tumor defense systems against NK cell immunity using core2 O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, 90 Kozawa, Yamazaki, Hirosaki, Aomori 036–8243, Japan.
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Paradoxical roles of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in prostate cancer biology. Prostate Cancer 2012; 2012:128965. [PMID: 23326670 PMCID: PMC3543804 DOI: 10.1155/2012/128965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with dual roles in cancer biology including prostate cancer (PCa). On the one hand, there is evidence that it stimulates tumour angiogenesis, is involved in the initiation of PCa from an androgen-dependent to a castrate resistant state, plays a role in epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity, and may contribute to the aberrant regulation of eicosanoid pathways. On the other hand, TNF has also been reported to inhibit neovascularisation, induce apoptosis of PCa cells, and stimulate antitumour immunity. Much of the confusion surrounding its seemingly paradoxical roles in cancer biology stems from the dependence of its effects on the biological model within which TNF is investigated. This paper will address some of these issues and also discuss the therapeutic implications.
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Ali MF, Chachadi VB, Petrosyan A, Cheng PW. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 determines cell binding properties under dynamic flow by controlling Golgi localization of core 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39564-77. [PMID: 23027862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.346528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Core 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (C2GnT1) is a key enzyme participating in the synthesis of core 2-associated sialyl Lewis x (C2-O-sLe(x)), a ligand involved in selectin-mediated leukocyte trafficking and cancer metastasis. To accomplish that, C2GnT1 needs to be localized to the Golgi and this step requires interaction of its cytoplasmic tail (CT) with a protein that has not been identified. Employing C2GnT1 CT as the bait to perform a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) as a principal candidate protein that interacts with C2GnT1 and demonstrated that C2GnT1 binds to GOLPH3 via the LLRRR(9) sequence in the CT. Confocal fluorescence microscopic analysis shows substantial Golgi co-localization of C2GnT1 and GOLPH3. Upon GOLPH3 knockdown, C2GnT1 is found mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum and decorated with complex-type N-glycans, indicating that the enzyme has been transported to the Golgi but is not retained. Also, we have found that a recombinant protein consisting of C2GnT1 CT(1-16)-Leu(17-32)-Gly(33-42)-GFP is localized to the Golgi although the same construct with mutated CT (AAAAA(9)) is not. The data demonstrate that the C2GnT1 CT is necessary and sufficient for Golgi localization of C2GnT1. Furthermore, GOLPH3 knockdown results in reduced synthesis of C2-O-sLe(x) associated with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, reduced cell tethering to and rolling on immobilized P- or E-selectin, and compromised E-selectin-induced activation of spleen tyrosine kinase and cell adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 under dynamic flow. Our results reveal that GOLPH3 can regulate cell-cell interaction by controlling Golgi retention of C2GnT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Ali
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA
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Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kozukue N, Kim HJ, Nishitani Y, Zhang L, Mizuno M, Levin CE, Friedman M. Structure-activity relationships of α-, β(1)-, γ-, and δ-tomatine and tomatidine against human breast (MDA-MB-231), gastric (KATO-III), and prostate (PC3) cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3891-9. [PMID: 22482398 DOI: 10.1021/jf3003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Partial acid hydrolysis of the tetrasaccharide (lycotetraose) side chain of the tomato glycoalkaloid α-tomatine resulted in the formation of four products with three, two, one, and zero carbohydrate side chains, which were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). The inhibitory activities in terms of IC(50) values (concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions) of the parent compound and the hydrolysates, isolated by preparative HPLC, against normal human liver and lung cells and human breast, gastric, and prostate cancer cells indicate that (a) the removal of sugars significantly reduced the concentration-dependent cell-inhibiting effects of the test compounds, (b) PC3 prostate cancer cells were about 10 times more susceptible to inhibition by α-tomatine than the breast and gastric cancer cells or the normal cells, (c) the activity of α-tomatine against the prostate cancer cells was 200 times greater than that of the aglycone tomatidine, and (d) the activity increased as the number of sugars on the aglycone increased, but this was only statistically significant at p < 0.05 for the normal lung Hel299 cell line. The effect of the alkaloids on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was measured in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the dosage of γ- and α-tomatine and the level of TNF-α. α-Tomatine was the most effective compound at reducing TNF-α. The dietary significance of the results and future research needs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Choi
- Department of Food Service Industry, and Bio Organic Material and Food Center, Seowon University, Cheongju-city, Republic of Korea
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Angata T, Fujinawa R, Kurimoto A, Nakajima K, Kato M, Takamatsu S, Korekane H, Gao CX, Ohtsubo K, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N. Integrated approach toward the discovery of glyco-biomarkers of inflammation-related diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:159-69. [PMID: 22380786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycobiology has contributed tremendously to the discovery and characterization of cancer-related biomarkers containing glycans (i.e., glyco-biomarkers) and a more detailed understanding of cancer biology. It is now recognized that most chronic diseases involve some elements of chronic inflammation; these include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and metabolic syndrome (including consequential diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases). By extending the knowledge and experience of the glycobiology community regarding cancer biomarker discovery, we should be able to contribute to the discovery of diagnostic/prognostic glyco-biomarkers of other chronic diseases that involve chronic inflammation. Future integration of large-scale "omics"-type data (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and glycomics) with computational model building, or a systems glycobiology approach, will facilitate such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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