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Song L, Ji W, Cao X. Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and its metabolites in ACE2-knockout and ACE2-overexpressed mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1404678. [PMID: 39086603 PMCID: PMC11288824 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1404678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of the classic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and intestinal micro dysbiosis adversely affect insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and other metabolic syndrome markers. However, the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and gut health in systemic homeostasis vary, and their interaction is not completely understood. Methods We adopted a combinatory approach of metabolomics and fecal 16S rRNA analysis to investigate gut microbiota and metabolite in two different mouse models, ACE2 knockout (ACE2 KO) mice and the ACE2-overexpressing obese mice. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that ACE2 influences microbial community composition and function, and ACE2 KO mice had increased Deferribacteres, Alcaligenaceae, Parasutterella, Catenibacterium, and Anaerotruncus, with decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Marvinbryantia and Alistipes). In contrast, ACE2-overexpressed mice exhibited increased anti-inflammatory probiotic (Oscillospiraceae, Marinifilaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae) and SCFA-producing microbes (Rikenellaceae, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Odoribacter, and Alistipes) and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. Metabolome analysis indicated differential metabolites in ACE2 KO and ACE2-overexpression mice, especially the glucolipid metabolism-related compounds. Furthermore, correlation analysis between gut microbiota and metabolites showed a dynamic mutual influence affecting host health. Conclusion Our study confirms for the first time a significant association between ACE2 status and gut microbiome and metabolome profiles, providing a novel mechanism for the positive effect of ACE2 on energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Guida F, Iannotta M, Lauritano A, Infantino R, Salviati E, Verde R, Luongo L, Sommella EM, Iannotti FA, Campiglia P, Maione S, Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F. Early biomarkers in the presymptomatic phase of cognitive impairment: changes in the endocannabinoidome and serotonergic pathways in Alzheimer's-prone mice after mTBI. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38992700 PMCID: PMC11241935 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive studies on the neurobiological correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI), little is known about its molecular determinants on long-term consequences, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Here, we carried out behavioural studies and an extensive biomolecular analysis, including inflammatory cytokines, gene expression and the combination of LC-HRMS and MALDI-MS Imaging to elucidate the targeted metabolomics and lipidomics spatiotemporal alterations of brains from wild-type and APP-SWE mice, a genetic model of AD, at the presymptomatic stage, subjected to mild TBI. RESULTS We found that brain injury does not affect cognitive performance in APP-SWE mice. However, we detected an increase of key hallmarks of AD, including Aβ1-42 levels and BACE1 expression, in the cortices of traumatized transgenic mice. Moreover, significant changes in the expanded endocannabinoid (eCB) system, or endocannabinoidome (eCBome), occurred, including increased levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG in APP-SWE mice in both the cortex and hippocampus, and N-acylserotonins, detected for the first time in the brain. The gene expression of enzymes for the biosynthesis and inactivation of eCBs and eCB-like mediators, and some of their main molecular targets, also underwent significant changes. We also identified the formation of heteromers between cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and serotonergic 2A (5HT2A) receptors, whose levels increased in the cortex of APP-SWE mTBI mice, possibly contributing to the exacerbated pathophysiology of AD induced by the trauma. CONCLUSIONS Mild TBI induces biochemical changes in AD genetically predisposed mice and the eCBome may play a role in the pathogenetic link between brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders also by interacting with the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guida
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy.
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec and Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy.
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3
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Ibork H, Idrissi SE, Zulu SS, Miller R, Hajji L, Morgan AM, Taghzouti K, Abboussi O. Effect of Cannabidiol in LPS-Induced Toxicity in Astrocytes: Possible Role for Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:615-626. [PMID: 37782433 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral metabolic abnormalities are common in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial damage alters ATP production and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) release which may contribute to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component derived from marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.), on astrocytic bioenergetic balance in a primary cell culture model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity. Astrocytic metabolic profiling using an extracellular flux analyzer demonstrated that CBD decreases mitochondrial proton leak, increased spare respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. Simultaneously, CBD increased astrocytic glycolytic capacity and glycolysis reserve in a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-dependent manner. CBD-restored metabolic changes were correlated with a significant decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and reduction of ROS production in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. These results suggest that CBD may inhibit LPS-induced metabolic impairments and inflammation by enhancing astrocytic metabolic glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation through its action on CB1 receptors. The present findings suggest CBD as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment in metabolic pathologies and highlight a possible role for the cannabinoidergic system in the modulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. CBD enhances mitochondrial bioenergetic profile, attenuates proinflammatory cytokines release, and ROS overproduction of astrocytes stimulated by LPS. These effects are not mediated directly by CB1 receptors, while these receptors seem to have a key role in the anti-inflammatory response of the endocannabinoid system on astrocytes, as their specific inhibition by SR141716A led to increased pro-inflammatory cytokines release and ROS production. The graphical abstract is created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Simo Siyanda Zulu
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Robert Miller
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Bioactives, Health and Environmental Laboratory, Epigenetics Research Team, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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4
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Karin KN, Mustafa MA, Lichtman AH, Poklis JL. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of N-oleoyl glycine and N-oleoyl alanine in brain and plasma. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300395. [PMID: 37688356 PMCID: PMC10872932 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Interest has increased in the role of N-acyl amino acids in a variety of disease states and as potential pharmacotherapies. Recently, N-oleoyl glycine and N-oleoyl alanine have shown promise in reducing the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and alleviating withdrawal signs in rodent models. Previously published methods for the quantitation of these analytes by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in tissue were part of extensive lipidomic panels which may result in limited sensitivity and selectivity and also reported low recovery. Presented is a method for the extraction and HPLC-MS/MS analysis of N-oleoyl glycine and N-oleoyl alanine. The bias and precision of the assay were determined to be within ± 20%. The method was shown to be reliable and robust, with over 90% recovery for the low-level analytes. Increasing concentrations of N-oleoyl glycine and N-oleoyl alanine were quantitated in mouse brain and plasma following exogenous administration. This method was developed to serve to support studies investigating the pharmacokinetics and involvement of N-oleoyl glycine and N-oleoyl alanine in drug dependence and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Karin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA
| | - Mohammed A. Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA
| | - Justin L. Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA
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5
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Forte N, Roussel C, Marfella B, Lauritano A, Villano R, De Leonibus E, Salviati E, Khalilzadehsabet T, Giorgini G, Silvestri C, Piscitelli F, Mollica MP, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Olive oil-derived endocannabinoid-like mediators inhibit palatable food-induced reward and obesity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:959. [PMID: 37735539 PMCID: PMC10514336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N-oleoylglycine (OlGly), a lipid derived from the basic component of olive oil, oleic acid, and N-oleoylalanine (OlAla) are endocannabinoid-like mediators. We report that OlGly and OlAla, by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), reduce the rewarding properties of a highly palatable food, dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area, and the obesogenic effect of a high-fat diet rich in lard (HFD-L). An isocaloric olive oil HFD (HFD-O) reduced body weight gain compared to the HFD-L, in a manner reversed by PPARα antagonism, and enhanced brain and intestinal OlGly levels and gut microbial diversity. OlGly or OlAla treatment of HFD-L mice resulted in gut microbiota taxonomic changes partly similar to those induced by HFD-O. We suggest that OlGly and OlAla control body weight by counteracting highly palatable food overconsumption, and possibly rebalancing the gut microbiota, and provide a potential new mechanism of action for the obeso-preventive effects of olive oil-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda Marfella
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosaria Villano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tina Khalilzadehsabet
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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6
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Tanzo JT, Li VL, Wiggenhorn AL, Moya-Garzon MD, Wei W, Lyu X, Dong W, Tahir UA, Chen ZZ, Cruz DE, Deng S, Shi X, Zheng S, Guo Y, Sims M, Abu-Remaileh M, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE, Long JZ, Benson MD. CYP4F2 is a human-specific determinant of circulating N-acyl amino acid levels. J Biol Chem 2023:104764. [PMID: 37121548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acyl amino acids are a large family of circulating lipid metabolites that modulate energy expenditure and fat mass in rodents. However, little is known about the regulation and potential cardiometabolic functions of N-acyl amino acids in humans. Here, we analyze the cardiometabolic phenotype associations and genomic associations of four plasma N-acyl amino acids (N-oleoyl-leucine, N-oleoyl-phenylalanine, N-oleoyl-serine, and N-oleoyl-glycine) in 2,351 individuals from the Jackson Heart Study. We find that plasma levels of specific N-acyl amino acids are associated with cardiometabolic disease endpoints independent of free amino acid plasma levels and in patterns according to the amino acid head group. By integrating whole genome sequencing data with N-acyl amino acid levels, we identify that the genetic determinants of N-acyl amino acid levels also cluster according to amino acid head group. Furthermore, we identify the CYP4F2 locus as a genetic determinant of plasma N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine levels in human plasma. In experimental studies, we demonstrate that CYP4F2-mediated hydroxylation of N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine results in metabolic diversification and production of many previously unknown lipid metabolites with varying characteristics of the fatty acid tail group, including several that structurally resemble fatty acid hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). These studies provide a structural framework for understanding the regulation and disease-associations of N-acyl amino acids in humans and identify that the diversity of this lipid signaling family can be significantly expanded through CYP4F-mediated ω-hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L Wiggenhorn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel E Cruz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Guo
- Univ of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Mario Sims
- Univ of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Mark D Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Tanzo JT, Li VL, Wiggenhorn AL, Moya-Garzon MD, Wei W, Lyu X, Dong W, Tahir UA, Chen ZZ, Cruz DE, Deng S, Shi X, Zheng S, Guo Y, Sims M, Abu-Remaileh M, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE, Long JZ, Benson MD. CYP4F2 is a human-specific determinant of circulating N-acyl amino acid levels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531581. [PMID: 36945562 PMCID: PMC10028954 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl amino acids are a large family of circulating lipid metabolites that modulate energy expenditure and fat mass in rodents. However, little is known about the regulation and potential cardiometabolic functions of N-acyl amino acids in humans. Here, we analyze the cardiometabolic phenotype associations and genetic regulation of four plasma N-fatty acyl amino acids (N-oleoyl-leucine, N-oleoyl-phenylalanine, N-oleoyl-serine, and N-oleoyl-glycine) in 2,351 individuals from the Jackson Heart Study. N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine were positively associated with traits related to energy balance, including body mass index, waist circumference, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In addition, we identify the CYP4F2 locus as a human-specific genetic determinant of plasma N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine levels. In vitro, CYP4F2-mediated hydroxylation of N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine results in metabolic diversification and production of many previously unknown lipid metabolites with varying characteristics of the fatty acid tail group, including several that structurally resemble fatty acid hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). By contrast, FAAH-regulated N-oleoyl-glycine and N-oleoyl-serine were inversely associated with traits related to glucose and lipid homeostasis. These data uncover a human-specific enzymatic node for the metabolism of a subset of N-fatty acyl amino acids and establish a framework for understanding the cardiometabolic roles of individual N-fatty acyl amino acids in humans.
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Shi C, Zheng Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Luo Y, Hong H. Gut microbiota and metabolic profile as affected by Maillard reaction products derived from bighead carp meat hydrolysates with galactose and galacto-oligosaccharides during in vitro pig fecal fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 398:133905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Wang B, Li H, Li Z, Wang B, Zhang H, Zhang B, Luo H. Integrative network analysis revealed the molecular function of folic acid on immunological enhancement in a sheep model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913854. [PMID: 36032143 PMCID: PMC9412826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed the beneficial role of folic acid supplemented from maternal or offspring diet on lamb growth performance and immunity. Twenty-four Hu lambs from four groups (mother received folic acid or not, offspring received folic acid or not) were used in the current study, which was conducted consecutively to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of folic acid in lambs by analyzing blood metabolome, liver transcriptome, and muscle transcriptome. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that L-homocitrulline, hyodeoxycholic acid, 9-Hpode, palmitaldehyde, N-oleoyl glycine, hexadecanedioic acid, xylose, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, nicotinamide, acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine, N6-succinyl adenosine, 11-cis-retinol, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and 2-acetylfuran were down-regulated and methylisobutyrate was up-regulated by the feeding of folic acid from maternal and/or offspring diets. Meanwhile, folic acid increased the abundances of S100A12 and IRF6 but decreased TMEM25 in the liver. In the muscle, RBBP9, CALCR, PPP1R3D, UCP3, FBXL4, CMBL, and MTFR2 were up-regulated, CYP26B1 and MYH9 were down-regulated by the feeding of folic acid. The pathways of bile secretion, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, and herpes simplex virus 1 infection were changed by folic acid in blood, liver, or muscle. Further integrated analysis revealed potential interactions among the liver, blood, and muscle, and the circulating metabolites, hub gene, and pathways, which might be the predominant acting targets of folic acid in animals. These findings provide fundamental information on the beneficial function of folic acid no matter from maternal or offspring, in regulating animal lipid metabolism and immune enhancement, providing a theoretical basis for the use of folic acid from the view of animal health care.
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Xu J, Cao W, Shao A, Yang M, Andoh V, Ge Q, Pan HW, Chen KP. Metabolomics of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues: Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Promising Targets for Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7819235. [PMID: 35782075 PMCID: PMC9246618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7819235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China ranks first in the world. The early diagnosis technology is underdeveloped, and the prognosis is poor, which seriously threatens the quality of life of the Chinese people. Epidemiological findings are related to factors such as diet, living habits, and age. The specific mechanism is not clear yet. Metabolomics is a kind of omics that simultaneously and quantitatively analyzes the comprehensive profile of metabolites in living systems. It has unique advantages in the study of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of tumor-related diseases, especially in the search for biomarkers. Therefore, it is desirable to perform metabolic profiling analysis of cancer tissues through metabolomics to find potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods HPLC-TOF-MS/MS technology and Illumina Hiseq Xten Sequencing was used for the analysis of 210 pairs of matched esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and normal tissues in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer in China. Bioinformatics analysis was also performed. Results Through metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, this study found that a total of 269 differential metabolites were obtained in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissues, and 48 differential metabolic pathways were obtained through KEGG enrichment analysis. After further screening and identification, 12 metabolites with potential biomarkers to differentiate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from normal tissues were obtained. Conclusions From the metabolomic data, 4 unknown compounds were found to be abnormally expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for the first time, such as 9,10-epoxy-12,15-octadecadienoate; 3 metabolites were found in multiple abnormal expression in another tumor, but upregulation or downregulation was found for the first time in esophageal cancer, such as oleoyl glycine; at the same time, it was further confirmed that five metabolites were abnormally expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which was similar to the results of other studies, such as PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiping Cao
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Aizhong Shao
- Department of Cardiothorac Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Vivian Andoh
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Ge
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hui-wen Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke-ping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Smoum R, Mechoulam R, Parker LA. Effect of oleoyl glycine and oleoyl alanine on lithium chloride induced nausea in rats and vomiting in shrews. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:377-383. [PMID: 34676441 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The fatty acid amide oleoyl glycine (OlGly) and its more stable methylated form oleoyl alanine (OlAla) reduce naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal (MWD)-induced conditioned gaping (nausea) responses in rats. In addition, OlGly has been shown to reduce lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced conditioned gaping in rats and vomiting in Suncus murinus (house musk shrews). OBJECTIVES Here, we compared the potential of these fatty acid amides to maintain their anti-nausea/anti-emetic effect over a delay. The following experiments examined the potential of a wider dose range of OlGly and OlAla to interfere with (1) LiCl-induced conditioned gaping in rats and (2) LiCl-induced vomiting in shrews, when administered 20 or 70 min prior to illness. RESULTS OlAla (1, 5, 20 mg/kg) reduced LiCl-induced conditioned gaping, with OlGly only effective at the high dose (20 mg/kg), with no effect of pretreatment delay time. At the high dose of 20 mg/kg, OlGly increased passive drips during conditioning suggesting a sedative effect. In shrews, both OlGly and OlAla (1, 5 mg/kg) suppressed LiCl-induced vomiting, with no effect of pretreatment delay. OlAla more effectively suppressed vomiting, with OlAla (5 mg/kg) also increasing the latency to the first vomiting reaction. CONCLUSIONS OlAla was more effective than OlGly in reducing both LiCl-induced gaping in rats and LiCl-induced vomiting in shrews. These findings provide further evidence that these fatty acid amides may be useful treatments for nausea and vomiting, with OlAla demonstrating superior efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Rock
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Limebeer
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Reem Smoum
- Institute of Drug Research, Medical Facility, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute of Drug Research, Medical Facility, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Linda A Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
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12
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Possible actions of cannabidiol in obsessive-compulsive disorder by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:230-248. [PMID: 33837269 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions. The etiologies remain unclear. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathways play key roles in the causes of OCD. However, first-line therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy but only 40% of the patients respond to this first-line therapy. Research for new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol (CBD), as a potential therapeutic strategy, on OCD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which CBD provides its benefit properties. CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway and circadian rhythms dysregulation in OCD. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on CBD and its different and multiple interactions in OCD.
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13
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Potential role of cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway, oxidative stress and inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10796-10813. [PMID: 33848261 PMCID: PMC8064164 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease (ND), presenting a progressive degeneration of the nervous system characterized by a loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the development of PD. However, therapies remain uncertain and research for new treatment is of the utmost importance. This review focuses on the potential effects of using cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD and on some of the presumed mechanisms by which CBD provides its beneficial properties. CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress and inflammation. Future prospective clinical trials should focus on CBD and its multiple interactions in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, Suresnes 92150, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens 80054, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86000, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux 77100, France
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14
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Cannabidiol and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073798. [PMID: 33917605 PMCID: PMC8038773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which constitutes the main frequent cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the causes of glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa plant which possesses many therapeutic properties across a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Since few years, CBD presents an increased interest as a possible drug in anxiolytic disorders. CBD administration is associated with increase of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and decrease of the GSK-3β activity. CBD has a lower affinity for CB1 but can act through other signaling in glaucoma, including the WNT/β-catenin pathway. CBD downregulates GSK3-β activity, an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CBD was reported to suppress pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and glutamatergic pathway. Thus, this review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which this phytocannabinoid provides its possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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15
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Iannotti FA, Vitale RM. The Endocannabinoid System and PPARs: Focus on Their Signalling Crosstalk, Action and Transcriptional Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 33799988 PMCID: PMC8001692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors including PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, acting as transcription factors to regulate the expression of a plethora of target genes involved in metabolism, immune reaction, cell differentiation, and a variety of other cellular changes and adaptive responses. PPARs are activated by a large number of both endogenous and exogenous lipid molecules, including phyto- and endo-cannabinoids, as well as endocannabinoid-like compounds. In this view, they can be considered an extension of the endocannabinoid system. Besides being directly activated by cannabinoids, PPARs are also indirectly modulated by receptors and enzymes regulating the activity and metabolism of endocannabinoids, and, vice versa, the expression of these receptors and enzymes may be regulated by PPARs. In this review, we provide an overview of the crosstalk between cannabinoids and PPARs, and the importance of their reciprocal regulation and modulation by common ligands, including those belonging to the extended endocannabinoid system (or "endocannabinoidome") in the control of major physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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16
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Nayor M, Shah RV, Miller PE, Blodgett JB, Tanguay M, Pico AR, Murthy VL, Malhotra R, Houstis NE, Deik A, Pierce KA, Bullock K, Dailey L, Velagaleti RS, Moore SA, Ho JE, Baggish AL, Clish CB, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Lewis GD. Metabolic Architecture of Acute Exercise Response in Middle-Aged Adults in the Community. Circulation 2020; 142:1905-1924. [PMID: 32927962 PMCID: PMC8049528 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas regular exercise is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, mechanisms of exercise-mediated health benefits remain less clear. We used metabolite profiling before and after acute exercise to delineate the metabolic architecture of exercise response patterns in humans. METHODS Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and metabolite profiling was performed on Framingham Heart Study participants (age 53±8 years, 63% women) with blood drawn at rest (n=471) and at peak exercise (n=411). RESULTS We observed changes in circulating levels for 502 of 588 measured metabolites from rest to peak exercise (exercise duration 11.9±2.1 minutes) at a 5% false discovery rate. Changes included reductions in metabolites implicated in insulin resistance (glutamate, -29%; P=1.5×10-55; dimethylguanidino valeric acid [DMGV], -18%; P=5.8×10-18) and increases in metabolites associated with lipolysis (1-methylnicotinamide, +33%; P=6.1×10-67), nitric oxide bioavailability (arginine/ornithine + citrulline, +29%; P=2.8×10-169), and adipose browning (12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid +26%; P=7.4×10-38), among other pathways relevant to cardiometabolic risk. We assayed 177 metabolites in a separate Framingham Heart Study replication sample (n=783, age 54±8 years, 51% women) and observed concordant changes in 164 metabolites (92.6%) at 5% false discovery rate. Exercise-induced metabolite changes were variably related to the amount of exercise performed (peak workload), sex, and body mass index. There was attenuation of favorable excursions in some metabolites in individuals with higher body mass index and greater excursions in select cardioprotective metabolites in women despite less exercise performed. Distinct preexercise metabolite levels were associated with different physiologic dimensions of fitness (eg, ventilatory efficiency, exercise blood pressure, peak Vo2). We identified 4 metabolite signatures of exercise response patterns that were then analyzed in a separate cohort (Framingham Offspring Study; n=2045, age 55±10 years, 51% women), 2 of which were associated with overall mortality over median follow-up of 23.1 years (P≤0.003 for both). CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of community-dwelling individuals, acute exercise elicits widespread changes in the circulating metabolome. Metabolic changes identify pathways central to cardiometabolic health, cardiovascular disease, and long-term outcome. These findings provide a detailed map of the metabolic response to acute exercise in humans and identify potential mechanisms responsible for the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of exercise for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nayor
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ravi V. Shah
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patricia E. Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jasmine B. Blodgett
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa Tanguay
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander R. Pico
- Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | - Venkatesh L. Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas E. Houstis
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Lucas Dailey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Raghava S. Velagaleti
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Stephanie A. Moore
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aaron L. Baggish
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Martin G. Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory D. Lewis
- Cardiology Division and the Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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17
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Battista N, Bari M, Bisogno T. N-Acyl Amino Acids: Metabolism, Molecular Targets, and Role in Biological Processes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120822. [PMID: 31817019 PMCID: PMC6995544 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid signal is becoming increasingly crowded as increasingly fatty acid amide derivatives are being identified and considered relevant therapeutic targets. The identification of N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine as endogenous ligand of cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors as well as the development of different–omics technologies have the merit to have led to the discovery of a huge number of naturally occurring N-acyl-amines. Among those mediators, N-acyl amino acids, chemically related to the endocannabinoids and belonging to the complex lipid signaling system now known as endocannabinoidome, have been rapidly growing for their therapeutic potential. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms for the biosynthesis and inactivation of the N-acyl amino acids, as well as the various molecular targets for some of the N-acyl amino acids described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (M.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Monica Bari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (M.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tiziana Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (M.B.); (T.B.)
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18
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Abstract
Research in the cannabinoid field, namely on phytocannabinoids, the endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and their metabolizing and synthetic enzymes, the cannabinoid receptors, and anandamide-like cannabinoid compounds, has expanded tremendously over the last few years. Numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been discovered. The Cannabis plant constituent cannabidiol (CBD) was found to exert beneficial effects in many preclinical disease models ranging from epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative and kidney diseases and cancer. CBD was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of rare forms of childhood epilepsy. This has triggered the development of many CBD-based products for human use, often with overstated claims regarding their therapeutic effects. In this article, the recently published research on the chemistry and biological effects of plant cannabinoids (specifically CBD), endocannabinoids, certain long-chain fatty acid amides, and the variety of relevant receptors is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA;
| | - Natalya M Kogan
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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Brierley DI, Harman JR, Giallourou N, Leishman E, Roashan AE, Mellows BA, Bradshaw HB, Swann JR, Patel K, Whalley BJ, Williams CM. Chemotherapy-induced cachexia dysregulates hypothalamic and systemic lipoamines and is attenuated by cannabigerol. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:844-859. [PMID: 31035309 PMCID: PMC6711413 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting, anorexia, and metabolic dysregulation are common side-effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy, having a dose-limiting effect on treatment efficacy, and compromising quality of life and mortality. Extracts of Cannabis sativa, and analogues of the major phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, have been used to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced appetite loss and nausea for decades. However, psychoactive side-effects limit their clinical utility, and they have little efficacy against weight loss. We recently established that the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabigerol (CBG) stimulates appetite in healthy rats, without neuromotor side-effects. The present study assessed whether CBG attenuates anorexia and/or other cachectic effects induced by the broad-spectrum chemotherapy agent cisplatin. METHODS An acute cachectic phenotype was induced in adult male Lister-hooded rats by 6 mg/kg (i.p.) cisplatin. In total 66 rats were randomly allocated to groups receiving vehicle only, cisplatin only, or cisplatin and 60 or 120 mg/kg CBG (po, b.i.d.). Feeding behavior, bodyweight and locomotor activity were recorded for 72 hours, at which point rats were sacrificed for post-mortem analyses. Myofibre atrophy, protein synthesis and autophagy dysregulation were assessed in skeletal muscle, plasma metabolic profiles were obtained by untargeted 1H-NMR metabonomics, and levels of endocannabinoid-like lipoamines quantified in plasma and hypothalami by targeted HPLC-MS/MS lipidomics. RESULTS CBG (120 mg/kg) modestly increased food intake, predominantly at 36-60hrs (p<0.05), and robustly attenuated cisplatin-induced weight loss from 6.3% to 2.6% at 72hrs (p<0.01). Cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy was associated with elevated plasma corticosterone (3.7 vs 13.1ng/ml, p<0.01), observed selectively in MHC type IIx (p<0.05) and IIb (p<0.0005) fibres, and was reversed by pharmacological rescue of dysregulated Akt/S6-mediated protein synthesis and autophagy processes. Plasma metabonomic analysis revealed cisplatin administration produced a wide-ranging aberrant metabolic phenotype (Q2Ŷ=0.5380, p=0.001), involving alterations to glucose, amino acid, choline and lipid metabolism, citrate cycle, gut microbiome function, and nephrotoxicity, which were partially normalized by CBG treatment (Q2Ŷ=0.2345, p=0.01). Lipidomic analysis of hypothalami and plasma revealed extensive cisplatin-induced dysregulation of central and peripheral lipoamines (29/79 and 11/26 screened, respectively), including reversible elevations in systemic N-acyl glycine concentrations which were negatively associated with the anti-cachectic effects of CBG treatment. CONCLUSIONS Endocannabinoid-like lipoamines may have hitherto unrecognized roles in the metabolic side-effects associated with chemotherapy, with the N-acyl glycine subfamily in particular identified as a potential therapeutic target and/or biomarker of anabolic interventions. CBG-based treatments may represent a novel therapeutic option for chemotherapy-induced cachexia, warranting investigation in tumour-bearing cachexia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Brierley
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
- School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joe R. Harman
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
| | | | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | | | | | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
| | | | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
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20
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Role of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 in Insulin Resistance and Its Biological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092109. [PMID: 31035653 PMCID: PMC6540410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids (ECs) are lipid-signaling molecules that specifically bind to cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R) and are highly expressed in central and many peripheral tissues under pathological conditions. Activation of hepatic CB1R is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired metabolic function, owing to increased energy intake and storage, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Additionally, blocking peripheral CB1R improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and also reduces hepatic steatosis and body weight in obese mice. Thus, targeting EC receptors, especially CB1R, may provide a potential therapeutic strategy against obesity and insulin resistance. There are many CB1R antagonists, including inverse agonists and natural compounds that target CB1R and can reduce body weight, adiposity, and hepatic steatosis, and those that improve insulin sensitivity and reverse leptin resistance. Recently, the use of CB1R antagonists was suspended due to adverse central effects, and this caused a major setback in the development of CB1R antagonists. Recent studies, however, have focused on development of antagonists lacking adverse effects. In this review, we detail the important role of CB1R in hepatic insulin resistance and the possible underlying mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of CB1R targeting is also discussed.
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Batz ZA, Armbruster PA. Diapause-associated changes in the lipid and metabolite profiles of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb189480. [PMID: 30385483 PMCID: PMC6307873 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.189480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diapause is an alternative life-history strategy that allows organisms to enter developmental arrest in anticipation of unfavorable conditions. Diapause is widespread among insects and plays a key role in enhancing overwinter survival as well as defining the seasonal and geographic distributions of populations. Next-generation sequencing has greatly advanced our understanding of the transcriptional basis for this crucial adaptation but less is known about the regulation of embryonic diapause physiology at the metabolite level. Here, we characterized the lipid and metabolite profiles of embryonic diapause in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus We used an untargeted approach to capture the relative abundance of 250 lipids and 241 metabolites. We observed adjustments associated with increased energy storage, including an accumulation of lipids, the formation of larger lipid droplets and increased lipogenesis, as well as metabolite shifts suggesting reduced energy utilization. We also found changes in neuroregulatory- and insulin-associated metabolites with potential roles in diapause regulation. Finally, we detected a group of unidentified, diapause-specific metabolites which have physical properties similar to those of steroids/steroid derivatives and may be associated with the ecdysteroidal regulation of embryonic diapause in A.albopictus Together, these results deepen our understanding of the metabolic regulation of embryonic diapause and identify key targets for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Batz
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Peter A Armbruster
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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22
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Chi Y, Li J, Li N, Chen Z, Ma L, Peng W, Pan X, Li M, Yu W, He X, Geng B, Cui Q, Liu Y, Yang J. FAM3A enhances adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via activation of ATP-P2 receptor-Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45862-45873. [PMID: 28515350 PMCID: PMC5542233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM3A plays important roles in regulating hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and the proliferation of VSMCs. This study determined the role and mechanism of FAM3A in the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, FAM3A expression was significantly increased. FAM3A overexpression enhanced 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis with increased phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) level, whereas FAM3A silencing inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis with reduced pAkt level. Moreover, FAM3A silencing reduced the expression and secretion of adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells. FAM3A protein is mainly located in mitochondrial fraction of 3T3-L1 cells and mouse adipose tissue. FAM3A overexpression increased, whereas FAM3A silencing decreased ATP production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. FAM3A-induced adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was blunted by inhibitor of P2 receptor. In white adipose tissues of db/db and HFD-fed obese mice, FAM3A expression was reduced. One-month rosiglitazone administration upregulated FAM3A expression, and increased cellular ATP content and pAkt level in white adipose tissues of normal and obese mice. In conclusion, FAM3A enhances the adipogenesis of preadipocytes by activating ATP-P2 receptor-Akt pathway. Under obese condition, a decrease in FAM3A expression in adipose tissues plays important roles in the development of adipose dysfunction and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Chi
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Weikang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiuying Pan
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiangjun He
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Donvito G, Piscitelli F, Muldoon P, Jackson A, Vitale RM, D'Aniello E, Giordano C, Ignatowska-Jankowska BM, Mustafa MA, Guida F, Petrie GN, Parker L, Smoum R, Sim-Selley L, Maione S, Lichtman AH, Damaj MI, Di Marzo V, Mechoulam R. N-Oleoyl-glycine reduces nicotine reward and withdrawal in mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 148:320-331. [PMID: 29567093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smokers with brain damage involving the insular cortex display cessation of tobacco smoking, suggesting that this region may contribute to nicotine addiction. In the present study, we speculated that molecules in the insular cortex that are sensitive to experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice might provide leads to ameliorate nicotine addiction. Using targeted lipidomics, we found that TBI elicited substantial increases of a largely uncharacterized lipid, N-acyl-glycine, N-oleoyl-glycine (OlGly), in the insular cortex of mice. We then evaluated whether intraperitoneal administration of OlGly would alter withdrawal responses in nicotine-dependent mice as well as the rewarding effects of nicotine, as assessed in the conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP). Systemic administration of OlGly reduced mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal responses in nicotine-dependent mice and prevented nicotine CPP. However, OlGly did not affect morphine CPP, demonstrating a degree of selectivity. Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-α agonist to attenuate nicotine reward. These findings raise the possibility that the long chain fatty acid amide OlGly may possess efficacy in treating nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pretal Muldoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Asti Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Catia Giordano
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bogna M Ignatowska-Jankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesca Guida
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gavin N Petrie
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Reem Smoum
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Zhang M, Xu J, Wang T, Wan X, Zhang F, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. The Dipeptide Pro-Gly Promotes IGF-1 Expression and Secretion in HepG2 and Female Mice via PepT1-JAK2/STAT5 Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:424. [PMID: 30140255 PMCID: PMC6094964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that IGF-1 secretion is influenced by dietary protein or amino acid. However, whether the dipeptides elicit regulatory effects on IGF-1 secretion remains largely unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the dipeptide Pro-Gly on IGF-1 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells and mice, and explore the underlying mechanisms. The in vitro results indicated that Pro-Gly, but not Pro plus Gly, promoted the expression and secretion of IGF-1 in HepG2. Meanwhile, the expression of the peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was elevated by Pro-Gly, whereas knockdown of PepT1 with siRNA eliminated the increase of IGF-1 expression induced by Pro-Gly. In addition, Pro-Gly activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway in a PepT1-dependent manner. Furthermore, Pro-Gly enhanced the interaction between JAK2 and STAT5, and the translocation of phospho-STAT5 to nuclei. Moreover, inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 blocked the promotive effect of Pro-Gly on IGF-1 expression and secretion. In agreement with the in vitro results, the in vivo findings demonstrated that Pro-Gly, but not Pro plus Gly, stimulated the expression and secretion of IGF-1 and activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway in the liver of mice injected with Pro-Gly or Pro+Gly acutely or chronically. Besides, acute injection of JAK2/STAT5 inhibitor abolished the elevation of IGF-1 expression and secretion induced by Pro-Gly in mice. Collectively, these findings suggested that the dipeptide Pro-Gly promoted IGF-1 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells and mice by activating JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway through PepT1. These data provided new insights to the regulation of IGF-1 expression and secretion by the dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingren Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyan Jiang
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Songbo Wang
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25
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Zhang F, Ai W, Hu X, Meng Y, Yuan C, Su H, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Phytol stimulates the browning of white adipocytes through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α in mice fed high-fat diet. Food Funct 2018; 9:2043-2050. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01817g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro studies show that phytol stimulates the browning of mice iWAT and formation of brown-like adipocytes in the differentiated 3T3-L1 through the activation of the AMPKα signaling pathway.
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26
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Burstein SH. N-Acyl Amino Acids (Elmiric Acids): Endogenous Signaling Molecules with Therapeutic Potential. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:228-238. [PMID: 29138268 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of N-acyl amino acid conjugates has been rapidly growing in recent years, especially with regard to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. The field comprises a large family of lipid signaling molecules whose importance is only now being fully realized. The most widely studied member is N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly), which differs structurally from the endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide) by a single oxygen atom even as the two are metabolically related. Topics that are covered in this minireview are: biosynthetic pathways for N-acyl amino acids, receptors for N-acyl amino acids, physiologic actions of N-acyl amino acids, pharmacological effects of N-acyl amino acids, and molecular mechanisms believed to be responsible for their effects. On the subject of mechanisms, we propose several possibilities whose basis is the currently available information. Four putative pathways can be suggested: 1) inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase-induced increases in anandamide or 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) levels, resulting in analgesic activity; 2) binding to GPR18, initiating the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (specifically, the data suggest roles for 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-J2 and lipoxin A4, both of which are potent inflammation-resolving molecules); 3) inactivation of T-type Cav3 channels; and 4) inhibition of the GLYT2 glycine transporter. Each pathway would produce analgesic effects. Also, the N-acyl amino acids do not bind to either cannabinoid or opioid receptors, thus reducing adverse actions and making them good templates for novel drug candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumner H Burstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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27
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Effects of cannabidiol interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:853-866. [PMID: 28981597 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, in which the primary etiology remains unknown. AD presents amyloid beta (Aβ) protein aggregation and neurofibrillary plaque deposits. AD shows oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. In AD, canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway is downregulated, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is increased. Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin, through activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by Aβ, and inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling involve oxidative stress in AD. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa plant. In PC12 cells, Aβ-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation is inhibited by CBD. This inhibition is associated with a downregulation of p-GSK-3β, an inhibitor of Wnt pathway. CBD may also increase Wnt/β-catenin by stimulation of PPARγ, inhibition of Aβ and ubiquitination of amyloid precursor protein. CBD attenuates oxidative stress and diminishes mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. CBD suppresses, through activation of PPARγ, pro-inflammatory signaling and may be a potential new candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI, Futuroscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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28
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Wang J, Hu X, Ai W, Zhang F, Yang K, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Phytol increases adipocyte number and glucose tolerance through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice fed high-fat and high-fructose diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:432-438. [PMID: 28571740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that adipose tissue hyperplasia (increased adipocyte number or adipogenesis) has beneficial effects on metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to determine whether phytol could modulate hyperplasia/adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis, and to explore the underlying mechanisms in mice fed high-fat and high fructose diet (HFFD). Our results demonstrated that phytol administration decreased body weight gain and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) weight. However, phytol significantly increased the adipocyte number in iWAT, with the smaller average adipocyte diameter. Meanwhile, OGTT result showed that phytol improved glucose tolerance. In accord, phytol administration markedly increased expression of marker genes associated with adipogenesis (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and glucose uptake (AS160 and GLUT4) and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice iWAT. In agreement with the in vivo findings, the in vitro results indicated that 100 μM phytol significantly enhanced 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and glucose uptake, and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, phytol-induced enhancement of 3T3-L1 adipognesis and glucose uptake, activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, elevation of marker genes involved in adipogensis and glucose uptake, as well as translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane were abolished by Wortmannin, a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Taken together, phytol increased adipocyte number in iWAT and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed HFFD, which was coincident with the enhanced adipogenesis and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1, and was associated with activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These data suggested the application of phytol as a potential nutritional agent to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wei Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Kelin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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29
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Wu J, Zhu C, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang S, Gao P, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Zhu X, Shu G. N-Oleoylglycine-Induced Hyperphagia Is Associated with the Activation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Neuron by Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1R). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1051-1057. [PMID: 28102080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acyl amino acids (NAAAs) are conjugate products of fatty acids and amino acids, which are available in animal-derived food. We compared the effects of N-arachidonoylglycine (NAGly), N-arachidonoylserine (NASer), and N-oleoylglycine (OLGly) on in vivo food intake and in vitro [Ca2+]i of Agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons to identify the role of these compounds in energy homeostasis. Hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and anxiety behavior in response to OLGly were also tested. To further identify the underlying mechanism of OLGly on food intake, we first detected the expression level of potential OLGly receptors. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) antagonist was cotreated with OLGly to analyze the activation of AgRP neuron, including [Ca2+]i, expression levels of PKA, CREB, and c-Fos, and neuropeptide secretion. Results demonstrated that only OLGly (intrapertioneal injection of 6 mg/kg) can induce hyperphagia without changing the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, 20 μM OLGly robustly enhances [Ca2+]i, c-Fos protein expression in AgRP neuron, and AgRP content in the culture medium. OLGly-induced activation of AgRP neuron was completely abolished by the CB1R-specific antagonist, AM251. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate the association of OLGly-induced hyperphagia with activation of the AgRP neuron by CB1R. These findings open avenues for investigation and application of OLGly to modulate energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Wu
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Liusong Yang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonggang Wang
- Huahong Engineering and Research Center of Agricultural and Livestock , Zhaoqing, Guangdong 430051, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbo Wang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gao
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Song F, Tang M, Wu Q, Shen X, Wang H, Chen H, Zhao S. Anti-adipogenic Effects of Polyphenol Extracts of Areca Flower Tea on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - MinMin Tang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - QiuSheng Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - XiaoJun Shen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hui Wang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hua Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - SongLin Zhao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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31
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Li T, Mo H, Chen W, Li L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Li X, Lu Y. Role of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:646-655. [PMID: 27613818 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to focus on the recent progress of the understanding of the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that PI3K plays an important role in PCOS whose pathogenesis is unclear. However, research continues into revealing the details of how PI3Ks are involved in developing PCOS. Previous studies have shown that activation of the PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway has important effects on insulin resistance and endometrial cancer. Knowledge of the action of PI3K in PCOS might provide valuable information to further validate the pathogenesis of PCOS and suggest new methods of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Mo
- 2 Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Research, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Research, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- 2 Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Research, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 3 Guangzhou Family Planning Specialty Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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A20 reduces lipid storage and inflammation in hypertrophic adipocytes via p38 and Akt signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:73-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Wang S, Xiang N, Yang L, Zhu C, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Shu G, Jiang Q. Linoleic acid and stearic acid elicit opposite effects on AgRP expression and secretion via TLR4-dependent signaling pathways in immortalized hypothalamic N38 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:566-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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