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El-Seedi HR, El-Wahed AAA, Salama S, Agamy N, Altaleb HA, Du M, Saeed A, Di Minno A, Wang D, Daglia M, Guo Z, Zhang H, Khalifa SAM. Natural Remedies and Health; A Review of Bee Pollen and Bee Bread Impact on Combating Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Nutr Rep 2024:10.1007/s13668-024-00567-3. [PMID: 39302593 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Diabetes and obesity are complicated multifactorial conditions that have been highlighted as a significant global burden for both health care and national budgets and their complications are considered a substantial public health concern. This review focuses on the potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties of bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB), two bee products with a long history of use in traditional medicine and supplemental nutrition. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies, encompassing cellular models, experimental models, and clinical trials, have shed light on the therapeutic potential of these bee products. BP and BB are rich in phytochemical constituents like flavonoids and phenolic acids, which are believed to confer their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity properties. These bee products have shown promising results in the treatment of diabetes and obesity, underscoring their potential as natural therapeutic tools. BP and BB possess properties that aid in decreasing blood glucose levels and body weight. BP and BB have been found to enhance insulin sensitivity, alleviate oxidative stress, regulate appetite, adjust levels of hormones linked to obesity, while bolstering anti-oxidant defense systems. BP and BB nutritional qualities and health benefits make them promising candidates for further research towards diabetes and obesity treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, 42351, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aida A Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Agricultural Research Centre, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12627, Egypt
| | - Suzy Salama
- Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage Center, Ghibaish College of Science and Technology, Ghibaish, Sudan
| | - Neveen Agamy
- Nutrition Department, Food Analysis Division, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Hamud A Altaleb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, 42351, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Daijie Wang
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Capio Saint Göran's Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 112 19, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu ZC, Fu HJ, Li NC, Deng FJ, Gan YK, Ye YJ, Huang BH, Liu C, Chen JH, Li XF. Systematic pharmacology and experimental validation to elucidate the inflammation-associated mechanism of Huanglian Wendan (HLWD) decoction in the treatment of MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118841. [PMID: 39299361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and atherosclerosis are very common disorders that frequently coexist. The therapeutic efficacy of Huanglian Wendan (HLWD) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, is satisfactory in treating MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms through which HLWD exerts its effects need to be elucidated. Given the complex composition of HLWD and its multiple therapeutic targets, pharmacological investigation is challenging. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study aimed to identify the effective compounds in HLWD and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its therapeutic effect on MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a systematic pharmacology method to identify effective compounds present in HLWD and determine the mechanism by which it affects MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis. The effective components of HLWD were identified through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-q exactive-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). Next, a comprehensive in silico method was used to predict potential related targets and disease targets for these compounds to establish corresponding pathways. The accuracy of our assumed systemic pharmacology results was determined by conducting follow-up experiments. RESULTS By conducting UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS combined with network analysis, we identified 18 potentially active components of HLWD and assessed the inflammatory regulatory mechanism by which it affects MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis on the basis of 52 key targets. We used a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC)-induced mice model of MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis to confirm our results. We found that administering HLWD significantly improved the appearance of their liver and reduced their body weight, liver weight, blood lipids, hepatic damage, and hepatic pathology. HLWD also decreased atherosclerotic lesion areas, foam cells, and inflammatory cells in the aorta. HLWD showed anti-inflammatory effects, suppressed M1 polarization, and promoted M2 polarization in the liver and aorta. HLWD might also regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling to influence macrophage polarization and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that HLWD protected against HFHC diet-induced MAFLD associated with atherosclerosis by regulating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling, thus adjusting macrophage polarization and inflammation. Additionally, pharmacochemistry research, network pharmacology analysis, and experimental verification can be combined to form a comprehensive model used in studies on TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, PR China.
| | - Huan-Jie Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, PR China.
| | - Ning-Cen Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Fang-Jun Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300150, PR China.
| | - Yong-Kang Gan
- Department of vascular surgery, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300150, PR China.
| | - Yu-Jia Ye
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, PR China.
| | - Bing-Hui Huang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, PR China.
| | - Jin-Hong Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, PR China.
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Das J, Roy Sarkar S, Das A, Barui A, Mitra Mazumder P. Assessment of efficacy of chrysin in diabetes-associated cardiac complications in chick embryo and murine model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:1225-1235. [PMID: 38989974 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with type 2 diabetes or prolonged diabetic condition are webbed into cardiac complications. This study aimed to ascertain the utility of chick embryo as an alternative to the mammalian model for type 2 diabetes-induced cardiac complications and chrysin as a protective agent. METHODS Diabetes was activated in ovo model (chick embryo) using glucose along with β-hydroxybutyric acid. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Alamar, and Kenacid blue assay were used to compare with chrysin-administered group. Blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein were considered as endpoints. Diabetes was induced in Wistar albino rats by administering a high-fat diet and a subdued dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, b.w). Percentage of glycated hemoglobin, creatinine kinase-MB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein were evaluated and compared with chrysin administered group. KEY FINDINGS Chrysin treatment improved elevated blood glucose levels and dyslipidemia in a diabetic group of whole embryos. Condensed cellular growth and protein content as well as enhanced cytotoxicity in ovo were shielded by chrysin. Chrysin reduced cardiac and inflammatory markers in diabetic rats and provided cellular protection to damage the heart of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The protective action of chrysin in ovo model induced a secondary complication associated with diabetes, evidenced that the ovo model is an effective alternative in curtailing higher animal use in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyani Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Suparna Roy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Centre for Health Care Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Health Care Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
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Yang Y, Wang X. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): current status, prospects and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419384. [PMID: 39166109 PMCID: PMC11333238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the global population suffers from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but specific treatments for MASLD have long been lacking, primarily due to the unclear etiology of the disease. In addition to lifestyle modifications and weight loss surgery, pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment among MASLD patients, and these drugs typically target the pathogenic factors of MASLD. However, bioavailability, efficacy, and side effects all limit the maximum therapeutic potential of the drugs. With the development of nanomedicine, recent years have seen attempts to combine MASLD pharmacotherapy with nanomaterials, such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, micelles, and cocrystals, which effectively improves the water solubility and targeting of the drugs, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic side effects, offering new perspectives and futures for the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
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Singh S, Kumar A, Gupta S, Agrawal R. Curative role of natural PPARγ agonist in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2289830. [PMID: 38050958 PMCID: PMC11262216 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2289830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a condition that develops when the liver accumulates excess fat without alcohol consumption. This chronic liver ailment progresses along with insulin resistant and is typically not diagnosed until the patients have cirrhosis. Nuclear hormone receptor superfamily PPARs are essential for metabolism of fatty acids and glucose. In liver, lipid metabolism is regulated by nuclear receptors and PPARα, and PPARβ/δ encourages fatty acid β-oxidation. PPAR-γ, an energy-balanced receptor is a crucial regulator in NAFLD. The partial activation of PPAR-γ could lead to increased level of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity, thus improved NAFLD. Because of less side effects, natural compounds are emerged as potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD by PPARγ agonists. Although the results from preclinical studies are promising, further research is needed to determine the potential dosing and efficacy of mentioned compounds in human subjects. In this review, we summarize the effect of natural PPARγ agonist in the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Divine College of Pharmacy, Bihar, India
| | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, YBN University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rohini Agrawal
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Alanazi ST, Salama SA, El-Ebiary AM, Altowairqi AK, Alharthi AT, Alzahrani SM, Althagafi SH, Alotaibi RA, Tammam AAE. Targeting SIRT1, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Nrf2 signaling with chrysin alleviates the iron-triggered hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicology 2024; 504:153766. [PMID: 38432408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Blood transfusion-requiring diseases such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are characterized by an imbalance between iron intake and excretion, resulting in an iron overload (IOL) disorder. Hepatotoxicity is prevalent under the IOL disorder because of the associated hepatocellular redox and inflammatory perturbation. The current work was devoted to investigate the potential protection against the IOL-associated hepatotoxicity using chrysin, a naturally-occurring flavone. IOL model was created in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg elemental iron subdivided on five equal injections; one injection was applied every other day over ten days. Chrysin was administered in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg over the ten-day iron treatment period. On day eleven, blood and liver samples were collected and subjected to histopathological, biochemical, and molecular investigations. Chrysin suppressed the IOL-induced hepatocellular damage as revealed by decreased serum activity of the intracellular liver enzymes and improved liver histological picture. Oxidative damage biomarkers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly suppressed. Mechanistically, the levels of the redox and inflammation-controlling proteins SIRT1 and PPARγ were efficiently up-regulated. The liver iron load, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and NF-κB acetylation and nuclear shift were significantly suppressed in the iron-intoxicated rats. Equally important, the level of the antioxidant protein Nrf2 and its target HO-1 were up-regulated. In addition, chrysin significantly ameliorated the IOL-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduction in caspase-3 activity and modulation of BAX and Bcl2 protein abundance. Together, these findings highlight the alleviating activity of chrysin against the IOL-associated hepatotoxicity and shed light on the role of SIRT1, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Nrf2 signaling as potential contributing molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyah T Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Magdy El-Ebiary
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | | | - Atheer T Alharthi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad M Alzahrani
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shomokh H Althagafi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Zhang J, Cheng F, Rong G, Tang Z, Gui B. IDN5706 Inhibits Synovial Inflammation via Inducing M2 Polarization of Synovial Macrophages in Osteoarthritis Rats. Pharmacology 2024; 109:156-168. [PMID: 38565085 DOI: 10.1159/000538452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IDN5706 is a tetrahydro derivative of hyperforin. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of IDN5706 on synovial macrophages in osteoarthritis (OA) rats and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS OA rats were employed for the in vivo experiments, and RAW264.7 cells were employed for the in vitro experiments. Histopathological changes in synovium were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cell apoptosis in synovium was assessed by TUNEL staining. Macrophage polarization was determined by immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression and protein level of genes were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The efferocytosis of macrophages was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS IDN5706 reversed the increased CD86-positive cells (M1 macrophages) and decreased CD206-positive cells (M2 macrophages), both in synovium and synovial fluid of OA rats. The in vitro experiments further confirmed the promotion effect of IDN5706 on M2 macrophages, accompanied by the elevated Arg-1 and reduced iNOS. Also, the upregulated p-mTOR in synovium and synovial fluid of OA rats were reversed by IDN5706, and the decreased M1 macrophages and increased M2 macrophages induced by IDN5706 were reversed by the mTOR activator. IDN5706 enhanced the efferocytosis of IL-4-treated RAW264.7 cells, and the animal experiments further revealed the involvement of efferocytosis in the improvement of OA by IDN5706. CONCLUSIONS IDN5706 enhanced the efferocytosis of synovial macrophages by inducing M2 polarization via inhibiting p-mTOR, thus suppressing synovial inflammation and OA development, providing a theoretical basis for IDN5706 as a clinical drug for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangyue Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Genxiang Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binjie Gui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Elhoseny SM, Saleh NM, Meshali MM. Self-Nanoemulsion Intrigues the Gold Phytopharmaceutical Chrysin: In Vitro Assessment and Intrinsic Analgesic Effect. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:54. [PMID: 38443653 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of bioactivities. Only a few investigations have assessed the analgesic activity of chrysin. The lipophilicity of chrysin reduces its aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Hence, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were designed to overcome this problem. Kollisolv GTA, Tween 80, and Transcutol HP were selected as oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. SNEDDS A, B, and C were prepared, loaded with chrysin (0.1%w/w), and extensively evaluated. The optimized formula (B) encompasses 25% Kollisolv GTA, 18.75% Tween 80, and 56.25% Transcutol HP was further assessed. TEM, in vitro release, and biocompatibility towards the normal oral epithelial cell line (OEC) were estimated. Brain targeting and acetic acid-induced writhing in a mouse model were studied. After testing several adsorbents, powdered SNEDDS B was formulated and evaluated. The surfactant/cosurfactant (S/CoS) ratio of 1:3 w/w was appropriate for the preparation of SNEDDS. Formula B exhibited instant self-emulsification, spherical nanoscaled droplets of 155.4 ± 32.02 nm, and a zeta potential of - 12.5 ± 3.40 mV. The in vitro release proved the superiority of formula B over chrysin suspension (56.16 ± 10.23 and 9.26 ± 1.67%, respectively). The biocompatibility of formula B towards OEC was duplicated (5.69 ± 0.03 µg/mL). The nociceptive pain was mitigated by formula B more efficiently than chrysin suspension as the writhing numbers reduced from 8.33 ± 0.96 to 0 after 60 min of oral administration. Aerosil R972 was selected as an adsorbent, and its chemical compatibility was confirmed. In conclusion, our findings prove the therapeutic efficacy of chrysin self-nanoemulsion as a potential targeting platform to combat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Mohamed Elhoseny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mahasen Mohamed Meshali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Noor G, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Singh B, Ahmad M, Khan MI. An outlook on the target-based molecular mechanism of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5058-5079. [PMID: 37528656 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the essential defense mechanisms. Immune system inadequacy increases the risk of infections and cancer diseases, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergies or autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulators have been used in the treatment of immune-related diseases. There is growing interest in using herbal medicines as multicomponent agents to modulate the complex immune system in immune-related diseases. Many therapeutic phytochemicals showed immunomodulatory effects by various mechanisms. This mechanism includes stimulation of lymphoid cell, phagocytosis, macrophage, and cellular immune function enhancement. In addition increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin production, total white cell count, and inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-kB, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and other cytokines that influenced the immune system. This review aims to overview, widely investigated plant-derived phytoconstituents by targeting cells to modulate cellular and humoral immunity in in vivo and in vitro. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of plant-based immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazala Noor
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhuwanendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, S.D. College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Miao L, Liu C, Cheong MS, Zhong R, Tan Y, Rengasamy KRR, Leung SWS, Cheang WS, Xiao J. Exploration of natural flavones' bioactivity and bioavailability in chronic inflammation induced-type-2 diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11640-11667. [PMID: 35821658 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, being the most widespread illness, poses a serious threat to global public health. It seems that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. This review aims to demonstrate a probable link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic inflammation during its development. Additionally, the current review examined the bioactivity of natural flavones and the possible molecular mechanisms by which they influence diabetes and inflammation. While natural flavones possess remarkable anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, their therapeutic use is limited by the low oral bioavailability. Several factors contribute to the low bioavailability, including poor water solubility, food interaction, and unsatisfied metabolic behaviors, while the diseases (diabetes, inflammation, etc.) causing even less bioavailability. Throughout the years, different strategies have been developed to boost flavones' bioavailability, including structural alteration, biological transformation, and innovative drug delivery system design. This review addresses current advancements in improving the bioavailability of flavonoids in general, and flavones in particular. Clinical trials were also analyzed to provide insight into the potential application of flavonoids in diabetes and inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meang Sam Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ruting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Soumya SJ, Abhinand CS, Nair AS, Sonu PS, Mohanadasan Nair G, Gangaprasad AN, Nair AS, Nair AJ. Chrysin inhibits adipogenesis by modulating PPARγ: in silico and in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37794770 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2262596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the major storage site of lipids and plays a vital role in energy homeostasis. Adipogenesis is a well-regulated process wherein preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. It requires the sequential activation of numerous transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Phytochemicals have been reported to regulate adipogenesis and flavonoids represent the most researched groups of phytochemicals with regard to their effect on adipogenesis. Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone and is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in obese conditions. The present study was aimed to examine the effect of chrysin on adipogenesis. In silico Molecular docking, dynamic simulation studies and in vitro cell-based assays showed that chrysin inhibited adipogenesis by modulating key adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. Enhanced adipogenesis leads to obesity and targeting adipogenesis is potential in regulating adipose tissue development. So, these investigations may provide important information for designing therapeutic interventions to control adiposity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Jalajakumari Soumya
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chandran Sheela Abhinand
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Arya Saseendran Nair
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priji Sathyan Sonu
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Govindapillai Mohanadasan Nair
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Appukuttan Nair Gangaprasad
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran Nair
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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12
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Li L, Geng J, Yu W, Zhou F, Zheng Z, Fu K, Kong J, Feng X. Inhibition of PPARγ by BZ26, a GW9662 derivate, attenuated obesity-related breast cancer progression by inhibiting the reprogramming of mature adipocytes into to cancer associate adipocyte-like cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205030. [PMID: 37649895 PMCID: PMC10462981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with the development of 13 different types of cancers, including breast cancer. Evidence has indicated that cancer-associated adipocytes promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. However, the mechanisms that link CAAs to the progression of obesity-related cancer are still unknown. Here, we found the mature adipocytes in the visceral fat of HFD-fed mice have a CAAs phenotype but the stromal vascular fraction of the visceral fat has not. Importantly, we found the derivate of the potent PPARγ antagonist GW9662, BZ26 inhibited the reprogramming of mature adipocytes in the visceral fat of HFD-fed mice into CAA-like cells and inhibited the proliferation and invasion of obesity-related breast cancer. Further study found that it mediated the browning of visceral, subcutaneous and perirenal fat and attenuated inflammation of adipose tissue and metabolic disorders. For the mechanism, we found that BZ26 bound and inhibited PPARγ by acting as a new modulator. Therefore, BZ26 serves as a novel modulator of PPARγ activity, that is, capable of inhibiting obesity-related breast cancer progression by inhibiting of CAA-like cell formation, suggesting that inhibiting the reprogramming of mature adipocytes into CAAs or CAA-like cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-related cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiafeng Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihuan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiyue Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Tao X, Liu Y, Ding Z, Xie S, Cao W, Li X. Injectable cell-targeting fiber rods to promote lipolysis and regulate inflammation for obesity treatment. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5663-5673. [PMID: 37432672 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide public health problem and continues to be one of the leading causes of chronic diseases. Obesity treatment is challenged by large drug doses, high administration frequencies and severe side effects. Herein, we propose an antiobesity strategy through the local administration of HaRChr fiber rods loaded with chrysin and grafted with hyaluronic acid and AtsFRk fiber fragments loaded with raspberry ketone and grafted with adipocyte target sequences (ATSs). The hyaluronic acid grafts double the uptake levels of HaRChr by M1 macrophages to promote phenotype transformation from M1 to M2 through upregulating CD206 and downregulating CD86 expressions. ATS-mediated targeting and sustained release of raspberry ketone from AtsFRk increase the secretion of glycerol and adiponectin, and Oil red O staining shows much fewer lipid droplets in adipocytes. The combination treatment with AtsFRk and the conditioned media from HaRChr-treated macrophages elevates adiponectin levels, suggesting that M2 macrophages may secrete anti-inflammatory factors to stimulate adipocytes to produce adiponectin. Diet-induced obese mice showed significant weight losses of inguinal (49.7%) and epididymal (32.5%) adipose tissues after HaRChr/AtsFRk treatment, but no effect was observed on food intake. HaRChr/AtsFRk treatment reduces adipocyte volumes, lowers serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol and restores adiponectin levels to those of normal mice. In the meantime, HaRChr/AtsFRk treatment significantly elevates the gene expression of adiponectin and interleukin-10 and downregulates tissue necrosis factor-α expression in the inguinal adipose tissues. Thus, local injection of cell-targeting fiber rods and fragments demonstrates a feasible and effective antiobesity strategy through improving lipid metabolism and normalizing the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiong Cao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
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14
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Ariano A, Posa F, Storlino G, Mori G. Molecules Inducing Dental Stem Cells Differentiation and Bone Regeneration: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9897. [PMID: 37373044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells that promote tooth growth and repair. Dental tissues, specifically the dental pulp and the dental bud, constitute a relevant source of multipotent stem cells, known as dental-derived stem cells (d-DSCs): dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dental bud stem cells (DBSCs). Cell treatment with bone-associated factors and stimulation with small molecule compounds are, among the available methods, the ones who show excellent advantages promoting stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Recently, attention has been paid to studies on natural and non-natural compounds. Many fruits, vegetables, and some drugs contain molecules that can enhance MSC osteogenic differentiation and therefore bone formation. The purpose of this review is to examine research work over the past 10 years that has investigated two different types of MSCs from dental tissues that are attractive targets for bone tissue engineering: DPSCs and DBSCs. The reconstruction of bone defects, in fact, is still a challenge and therefore more research is needed; the articles reviewed are meant to identify compounds useful to stimulate d-DSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We only consider the results of the research which is encouraging, assuming that the mentioned compounds are of some importance for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ariano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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15
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Frankowski R, Kobierecki M, Wittczak A, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T, Sipowicz K, Kosmalski M. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and Its Interplay with Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119677. [PMID: 37298632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic-related disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), has been increasing. Therefore, developing improved methods for the prevention, treatment, and detection of these two conditions is also necessary. In this study, our primary focus was on examining the role of chronic inflammation as a potential link in the pathogenesis of these diseases and their interconnections. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "chronic inflammation", "pathogenesis", and "progression" yielded 177 relevant papers for our analysis. The findings of our study revealed intricate relationships between the pathogenesis of NAFLD and DM2, emphasizing the crucial role of inflammatory processes. These connections involve various molecular functions, including altered signaling pathways, patterns of gene methylation, the expression of related peptides, and up- and downregulation of several genes. Our study is a foundational platform for future research into the intricate relationship between NAFLD and DM2, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the potential for introducing new treatment standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kobierecki
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wittczak
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kasper Sipowicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Disability Studies, The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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16
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An S, Ko H, Jang H, Park IG, Ahn S, Hwang SY, Gong J, Oh S, Kwak SY, Lee Y, Kim H, Noh M. Prenylated Chrysin Derivatives as Partial PPARγ Agonists with Adiponectin Secretion-Inducing Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:425-431. [PMID: 37077388 PMCID: PMC10107909 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased circulating adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of human metabolic diseases. The chemical-mediated upregulation of adiponectin biosynthesis has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to managing hypoadiponectinemia-associated diseases. In preliminary screening, the natural flavonoid chrysin (1) exhibited adiponectin secretion-inducing activity during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Here, we provide the 7-prenylated chrysin derivatives, chrysin 5-benzyl-7-prenylether compound 10 and chrysin 5,7-diprenylether compound 11, with the improved pharmacological profile compared with chrysin (1). Nuclear receptor binding and ligand-induced coactivator recruitment assays revealed that compounds 10 and 11 functioned as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ partial agonists. These findings were supported by molecular docking simulation, followed by experimental validation. Notably, compound 11 showed PPARγ binding affinity as potent as that of the PPARγ agonists pioglitazone and telmisartan. This study presents a novel PPARγ partial agonist pharmacophore and suggests that prenylated chrysin derivatives have therapeutic potential in various human diseases associated with hypoadiponectinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan An
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ko
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Jang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - In Guk Park
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Young Hwang
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junpyo Gong
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Oh
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kwak
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Lee
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yeh YT, Hsu KM, Chen HJ, Su NW, Liao YC, Hsieh SC. Identification of Scoparone from Chinese Olive Fruit as a Modulator of Macrophage Polarization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5195-5207. [PMID: 36947736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chinese olive (Canarium album L.) has been highlighted for its remarkable health benefits. We previously showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese olive (COE) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we used a luciferase-based RAW 264.7 cell platform to detect the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, a key mediator of inflammation, and the promoter activity of its downstream target, COX-2. Through functional-oriented screening using these platforms, we further divided COE into several subfractions. Subsequently, we used silica gel column chromatography for purification, and the active compounds were separated and isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structure of the resulting compound with high anti-inflammatory activity was then identified as scoparone. Our results showed that scoparone not only inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of nitric oxide and suppressed M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, Il-6, Ccl2, and Tnf-α) but also markedly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CCL2, and TNF-α). Treatment with scoparone significantly reduced the protein level of TNF-α in LPS-treated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In addition, scoparone promoted macrophages toward an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, as determined by the significantly increased gene expression of M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Ym1, Mrc1, Il-10, and Cd206) and the protein level of Arg1. This study indicates that COE fruit has high therapeutic potential for various inflammatory diseases as a result of switching the macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Yeh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Kuei-Ming Hsu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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18
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Chen H, Tan H, Wan J, Zeng Y, Wang J, Wang H, Lu X. PPAR-γ signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108391. [PMID: 36963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), currently the leading cause of global chronic liver disease, has emerged as a major public health problem, more efficient therapeutics of which are thus urgently needed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is considered a crucial metabolic regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. The role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is gradually being recognized. Here, we outline the involvement of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through adipogenesis, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. In addition, the evidence for PPAR-γ- targeted therapy for NAFLD are summarized. Altogether, PPAR-γ is a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD, and the development of drugs that can balance the beneficial and undesirable effects of PPAR-γ will bring new light to NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Wan
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Donaldson J, Tomaszewska E, Baranowska-Wójcik E. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols-Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032258. [PMID: 36768580 PMCID: PMC9916817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed countries, the percentage of patients with depressive disorders may be as high as 10%. During depression, activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased markers of oxidative stress, and a reduction in the antioxidant effectiveness of the body are observed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of depressed patients do not respond to traditional pharmacological treatments. However, more and more attention is being paid to the influence of active ingredients in food on the course and risk of neurological disorders, including depression. The possibility of using foods containing polyphenols as an element of diet therapy in depression was analyzed in the review. The possibility of whether the consumption of products such as polyphenols could alleviate the course of depression or prevent the progression of it was also considered. Results from preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of phenolic compounds have the potential to reduce depressive behaviors by regulating factors related to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna St. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Ghaderi S, Komaki A, Salehi I, Basir Z, Rashno M. Possible mechanisms involved in the protective effects of chrysin against lead-induced cognitive decline: An in vivo study in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114010. [PMID: 36402029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly poisonous environmental pollutant that can induce cognitive decline. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid compound, has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties in different neurodegenerative disorders. The present study was designed to examine the putative effects of chrysin against Pb-induced cognitive impairment and the possible involved mechanisms. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to Pb acetate (500 ppm in standard drinking water) either alone or in combination with daily oral administration of chrysin (30 mg/kg) for eight consecutive weeks. During the eight-week period of the study, the cognitive capacity of the rats was evaluated by employing both novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests. On day 56, hippocampal synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation; LTP) was recorded in perforant path-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses to assess field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude. Subsequently, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and histological changes were evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats. Moreover, Pb levels in blood and brain tissues were assessed. The results showed that Pb exposure causes cognitive decline, inhibition of hippocampal LTP induction, imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of Pb levels in blood and brain tissues, and neuronal loss. However, chrysin treatment improved cognitive dysfunction, ameliorated hippocampal LTP impairment, modulated inflammatory status, reduced Pb concentration, and prevented neuronal loss in the Pb-exposed rats. The results suggest that chrysin alleviates Pb-induced cognitive deficit, possibly through mitigation of hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, modulation of inflammatory status, reduction of Pb concentration, and prevention of neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Basir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran.
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21
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Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J, Chen C. Trained immunity in monocyte/macrophage: Novel mechanism of phytochemicals in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109576. [PMID: 36895942 PMCID: PMC9989041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), characterized by persistent chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, in which monocytes/macrophages play a key role. It has been reported that innate immune system cells can assume a persistent proinflammatory state after short stimulation with endogenous atherogenic stimuli. The pathogenesis of AS can be influenced by this persistent hyperactivation of the innate immune system, which is termed trained immunity. Trained immunity has also been implicated as a key pathological mechanism, leading to persistent chronic inflammation in AS. Trained immunity is mediated via epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming and occurs in mature innate immune cells and their bone marrow progenitors. Natural products are promising candidates for novel pharmacological agents that can be used to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A variety of natural products and agents exhibiting antiatherosclerotic abilities have been reported to potentially interfere with the pharmacological targets of trained immunity. This review describes in as much detail as possible the mechanisms involved in trained immunity and how phytochemicals of this process inhibit AS by affecting trained monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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George MY, El-Derany MO, Ahmed Y, Zaher M, Ibrahim C, Waleed H, Khaled H, Khaled G, Saleh A, Alshafei H, Alshafei R, Ahmed N, Ezz S, Ashraf N, Ibrahim SS. Design and evaluation of chrysin-loaded nanoemulsion against lithium/pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats; emphasis on formulation, neuronal excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, microglia polarization, and AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:159-174. [PMID: 36446395 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2153831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of chrysin-loaded nanoemulsion (CH NE) against lithium/pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats, as well as, elucidate its effect on main epilepsy pathogenesis cornerstones; neuronal hyperactivity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. METHODS NEs were characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, in vitro release, accelerated and long-term stability studies. Anti-convulsant efficacy of the optimized formula and underlying mechanisms involved were assessed and compared to that from CH suspension given orally at a 30 folds higher dose. RESULTS Optimized formula displayed a droplet size of 48.09 ± 0.83 nm, PDI 0.25 ± 0.011, sustained release, and good stability. CH treatment reduced seizures scoring, corrected behavioral and histological changes induced by Li/Pilo. Moreover, CH restored neurotransmitters balance and oxidative stress markers levels. Besides, CH induced microglia polarization from M1 to M2 hindering inflammation induced by Li/Pilo. Also, CH restored energy metabolism homeostasis via regulating protein expression of AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway markers. CH NE formulation was found to significantly enhance drug delivery to rats' hippocampus compared to CH suspension. CONCLUSION Our findings prove the therapeutic efficacy of CH NE at a lower dose which could be a potential brain targeting platform to combat epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Ahmed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Malvina Zaher
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Caroline Ibrahim
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Habiba Waleed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hajar Khaled
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad Khaled
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda Alshafei
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rahma Alshafei
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nirmeen Ahmed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Ezz
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Ashraf
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Dietary Flavones: Tapping into Nature to Control Chronic Inflammation in Obesity and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415753. [PMID: 36555392 PMCID: PMC9779861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavones are natural phytochemicals broadly distributed in our diet. Their anti-inflammatory properties provide unique opportunities to control the innate immune system and inflammation. Here, we review the role of flavones in chronic inflammation with an emphasis on their impact on the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases including obesity and cancer. Flavones can influence the innate immune cell repertoire restoring the immune landscape. Flavones impinge on NF-κB, STAT, COX-2, or NLRP3 inflammasome pathways reestablishing immune homeostasis. Devoid of adverse side effects, flavones could present alternative opportunities for the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammation that contributes to obesity and cancer.
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Potential protective effects of chrysin against immunotoxicity induced by diazinon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15578. [PMID: 36114367 PMCID: PMC9481545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intoxication with diazinon (DZN) as a pesticide causes mortality and morbidity annually. This study shows the impact of sub-acute toxicity of DZN 20 mg/kg and the protective activities of chrysin (CH) as a flavone under the flavonoids family (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) were assessed on BALB/c mouse immune system. The changes in morphological and functional properties of the immune system on thymus, spleen and liver histopathology, sub-populations of T lymphocytes, cytokines levels, transcription factors, complement function, phagocytosis, specific and total antibody productions were considered. The histopathological effects of DZN on the spleen and thymus were not significant, but the liver was damaged remarkably. In the presence of CH, the toxic effect of DZN is suppressed. DZN significantly decreased the number of whole blood TCD4+, TCD8+ and NK cells and suppressed the phagocytosis, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC). Furthermore, it suppressed specific anti-SRBC-Ab, total IgG and IgM production, T-bet expression, and IFN-γ production. In contrast, DZN did not significantly affect complement function and the number of NK cells, TCD4+ and TCD8+ splenocytes. However, it potentiated the expression of GATA-3, ROR-γt and FOXP3 gene expression and consequently produced IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β in whole blood. CH not only significantly increased the variables mentioned above at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg but also could overcome the toxic effects of DZN on whole blood lymphocyte sub-populations and specific and total Ab production in 25 and 50 mg/kg concentrations, phagocytosis and DTH responses in 50 mg/kg, and modulation of the transcription factors and cytokine production, mainly in 25 and 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, DZN in sub-acute doses could remarkably deteriorate immune responses. However, CH can overcome the toxic effects of DZN on the immune components and functions of the immune system.
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Sanjay, Shin JH, Park M, Lee HJ. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Regulates the M1/M2 Polarization of Microglia via PPARγ and Aβ42 Phagocytosis Through TREM2 in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5135-5148. [PMID: 35670898 PMCID: PMC9363298 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglial polarization plays an essential role in the progression and regression of neurodegenerative disorders. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a dietary anthocyanin found in many fruits and vegetables, has been reported as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent. However, there have been no reports on whether C3G can regulate the M1/M2 shift in an Alzheimer's disease model. We attempted to investigate the effects of C3G on M1/M2 polarization and the mechanism to regulate anti-inflammation and phagocytosis, both in vitro and in vivo. HMC3 cells were treated with β-amyloid (Aβ42) in the presence or absence of 50 μM C3G for different time intervals, and APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were orally administered 30 mg/kg/day of C3G for 38 weeks. The in vitro data revealed that C3G could shift the M1 phenotype of microglia to M2 by reducing the expression of M1-specific markers (CD86 and CD80), inflammatory cytokines (IL-Iβ, IL-6, TNF-α), reactive oxygen species, and enhancing the expression of M2-specific markers (CD206 and CD163). The APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice results were consistent with the in vitro data, indicating a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines and higher expression of M2-specific markers such as CD206 and Arg1 in C3G-treated Alzheimer's disease model mice. Additionally, C3G was found to upregulate PPARγ expression levels both in vitro and in vivo, whereas a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) was found to block C3G-mediated effects in vitro. In this study, we confirmed that C3G could regulate microglial polarization by activating PPARγ and eliminating accumulated β-amyloid by enhancing Aβ42 phagocytosis through the upregulation of TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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26
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Natural PPARs agonists for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113127. [PMID: 35598367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term for a series of liver diseases including simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, which is closely related to metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is relatively complex, which has gradually changed from the previous 'two-hit' hypothesis to the current "multiple hits" hypothesis. However, there is currently no approved treatment for NAFLD in clinic, highlighting the urgent need for drug development. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, whose different subtypes have been proved to regulate different stages of NAFLD, thus becoming promising drug targets for NAFLD. As important sources of drug development, natural products have been proven to treat NAFLD through multiple pathways and multiple targets. In this paper, we outline the regulatory role of PPARs in NAFLD, and summarize some natural products that target PPARs to ameliorate NAFLD, in order to provide reference for drug development of NAFLD.
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27
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Pharmacological, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying the Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113551. [PMID: 35684488 PMCID: PMC9182416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from plants, such as Passiflora coerulea, Passiflora incarnata, and Matricaria chamomilla. This natural molecule exerts diverse pharmacological effects, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects. Additionally, in brain structures, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, raphe nucleus, and striatum, involved in the physiopathology of anxiety and depression disorders, several neuropharmacological activities, including the activation of neurotransmitter systems (GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic), neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the nerve growth factor, and some signaling pathways are affected. The results showed that the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of chrysin occurs through its interaction with specific neurotransmitter systems, principally the GABAergic and the serotonergic, and activation of other neurotrophic factors. However, it is not possible to discard the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of chrysin while producing its anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Although these results have been obtained principally from pre-clinical research, they consistently demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of flavonoid chrysin as an anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Therefore, this flavonoid could be considered as a promising novel therapy for anxiety and depression disorders.
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28
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Lin X, Meng X, Song Z, Lin J. Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ and psoriasis, molecular and cellular biochemistry. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1905-1920. [PMID: 35348980 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psoriasis is complex and has not been completely elucidated. Better understanding of the pathogenesis may contribute to further improvement of our therapeutic strategies controlling psoriasis. Emerging evidence points to a causative relationship between altered activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and psoriasis. The present review focuses on deeper understanding of the possible role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the potential of PPARγ agonist to improve the treatment of psoriasis. PPARγ is decreased in psoriasis. PPARγ possibly has effects on the multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, keratinocytes, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, microRNAs and nuclear factor kappa B. As defective activation of PPARγ is involved in psoriasis development, PPARγ agonists may be promising agents for treatment of psoriasis. Pioglitazone appears an effective and safe option in the treatment of patients with psoriasis, but there are still concerns about its potential side effects. Research effort has recently been undertaken to explore the PPARγ-activating potential of natural products. Among them some have been studied clinically or preclinically for treatment of psoriasis with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, 450 Cresson BLVD, Oaks, PA, 19456, USA
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China
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29
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Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Gaber A, Alsanie WF, Mohamed WA, Metwally MMM, Elbadawy M, Shukry M. Ameliorative impacts of chrysin against gibberellic acid-induced liver and kidney damage through the regulation of antioxidants, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis biomarkers. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:235-244. [PMID: 35237428 PMCID: PMC8882807 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3), a widely known plant growth regulator, has been mostly used in agriculture. Little is known regarding its toxicity or the impact of its metabolic mechanism on human health. The current study examined the protective impact of chrysin against GA3-induced liver and kidney dysfunctions at biochemical, molecular, and histopathological levels. Forty male albino rats were allocated into 4 groups. The control group received saline; the chrysin group received 50 mg/kg/BW orally daily for 4 weeks; the GA3 group received 55 mg/kg/BW GA3 via daily oral gavage for 4 weeks, and the protective group (chrysin + GA3) was administered both chrysin and GA3 at the same dosage given in chrysin and GA3 groups. Chrysin was administered 1 h earlier than GA3. The GA3 induced liver and kidney injuries as proven by the elevation of hepatic and renal markers with a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, a decrease of catalase and glutathione was reported in the GA3-administered rats. Pre-administration of chrysin significantly protected the hepatorenal tissue against the deleterious effects of GA3. Chrysin restored the hepatorenal functions and their antioxidant ability to normal levels. Moreover, chrysin modulated the hepatorenal toxic effects of GA3 at the molecular level via the upregulation of the antiapoptotic genes, interleukin-10 (IL-10), hemoxygenase-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expressions; the downregulation of the kidney injury molecule-1 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions; and a decrease in IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α secretions. Additionally, the pre-administration of chrysin effectively attenuated the GA3-induced hepatorenal histopathological changes by regulating the immunoexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and pregnane X receptor, resulting in normal values at the cellular level. In conclusion, chrysin attenuated GA3-induced oxidative hepatorenal injury by inhibiting free-radical production and cytokine expression as well as by modulating the antioxidant, apoptotic, and antiapoptotic activities. Chrysin is a potent hepatorenal protective agent to antagonize oxidative stress induced by GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Biomedical Sciences Research, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Center of Biomedical Sciences Research, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Abdou Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalioubiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, P.O.Box 33516, Egypt
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Ye L, Xin Y, Wu ZY, Sun HJ, Huang DJ, Sun ZQ. A Newly Synthesized Flavone from Luteolin Escapes from COMT-Catalyzed Methylation and Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Macrophages via JNK, p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:15-26. [PMID: 34099595 PMCID: PMC9628824 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a common dietary flavone possessing potent anti-inflammatory activities. However, when administrated in vivo, luteolin becomes methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferases (COMT) owing to the catechol ring in the chemical structure, which largely diminishes its anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we made a modification on luteolin, named LUA, which was generated by the chemical reaction between luteolin and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Without a catechol ring in the chemical structure, this new flavone could escape from the COMT-catalyzed methylation, thus affording the potential to exert its functions in the original form when administrated in the organism. Moreover, an LPS-stimulated RAW cell model was applied to detect the anti-inflammatory properties. LUA showed much more superior inhibitory effect on LPS-induced production of NO than diosmetin (a major methylated form of luteolin) and significantly suppressed upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages. LUA treatment dramatically reduced LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-β. Furthermore, LUA significantly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 without affecting that of ERK. LUA also inhibited the activation of NF-κB through suppression of p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yang Xin
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhi-yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Hai-jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - De-jian Huang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-qin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China,Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +13861285688 E-mail:
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31
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Protective effects of chrysin against the neurotoxicity induced by aluminium: In vitro and in vivo studies. Toxicology 2021; 465:153033. [PMID: 34774662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to aluminium (Al) can contribute to the progression of several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Al is a metal that promotes oxidative damage leading to neuronal death in different brain regions with behavior, cognition, and memory deficits. Chrysin is a flavonoid found mainly in honey, passion fruit, and propolis with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. In this study, we used an integrated approach of in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of chrysin against the neurotoxicity elicited by aluminium chloride (AlCl3). In in vitro studies, chrysin (5 μM) showed the ability to counteract the early oxidative stress elicited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, an oxidant that mimics the lipid peroxidation and Fenton reaction in presence of AlCl3 as well as the late necrotic death triggered by AlCl3 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo studies in a mouse model of neurotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) for ninety days then corroborated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of chrysin (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day) using the oral route. In particular, chrysin reduced the cognitive impairment induced by AlCl3 as well as normalized the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in the hippocampus. In parallel, chrysin counteracted the oxidative damage, in terms of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, catalase, and superoxide dismutase impairment, in the brain cortex and hippocampus. Lastly, necrotic cells frequency in the same brain regions was also decreased by chrysin. These results highlight the ability of chrysin to prevent the neurotoxic effects associated with chronic exposure to Al and suggest its potential use as a food supplement for brain health.
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32
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van Daal MT, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Braber S. Pharmacological Modulation of Immune Responses by Nutritional Components. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:198-232. [PMID: 34663688 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the last few decades, and one of the major contributors to this is lifestyle, especially diet. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber is linked to an increase in NCDs. Conversely, a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of dietary fiber seem to have a protective effect on general health. Several mechanisms have been identified that underlie this phenomenon. In this review, we focus on pharmacological receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors, which can be activated by nutritional components and their metabolites. Depending on the nutritional component and the receptors involved, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects occur, leading to an altered immune response. These insights may provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of NCDs and their inherent (sub)chronic inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the reported effects of nutritional components and their metabolites on the immune system through manipulation of specific (pharmacological) receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors. Nutritional components, such as vitamins, fibers, and unsaturated fatty acids are able to resolve inflammation, whereas saturated fatty acids tend to exhibit proinflammatory effects. This may aid decision makers and scientists in developing strategies to decrease the incidence of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
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Nagavally RR, Sunilkumar S, Akhtar M, Trombetta LD, Ford SM. Chrysin Ameliorates Cyclosporine-A-Induced Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β 1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910252. [PMID: 34638597 PMCID: PMC8508845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a nephrotoxicant that causes fibrosis via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The flavonoid chrysin has been reported to have anti-fibrotic activity and inhibit signaling pathways that are activated during EMT. This study investigated the nephroprotective role of chrysin in the prevention of CsA-induced renal fibrosis and elucidated a mechanism of inhibition against CsA-induced EMT in proximal tubule cells. Treatment with chrysin prevented CsA-induced renal dysfunction in Sprague Dawley rats measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Chrysin inhibited CsA-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis, characterized by reduced tubular damage and collagen deposition. In vitro, chrysin significantly inhibited EMT in LLC-PK1 cells, evidenced by inhibition of cell migration, decreased collagen expression, reduced presence of mesenchymal markers and elevated epithelial junction proteins. Furthermore, chrysin co-treatment diminished CsA-induced TGF-β1 signaling pathways, decreasing Smad 3 phosphorylation which lead to a subsequent reduction in Snail expression. Chrysin also inhibited activation of the Akt/ GSK-3β pathway. Inhibition of both pathways diminished the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, a known trigger for EMT. In conclusion, flavonoids such as chrysin offer protection against CsA-induced renal dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. Chrysin was shown to inhibit CsA-induced TGF-β1-dependent EMT in proximal tubule cells by modulation of Smad-dependent and independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Reddy Nagavally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
- Viatris Inc., 1000 Mylan Blvd, Canonsburg, PA 15317, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mumtaz Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
| | - Louis D. Trombetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
| | - Sue M. Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-71-8990-6220
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Wang X, Cai H, Shui S, Lin Y, Wang F, Wang L, Chen J, Liu J. Chrysin Stimulates Subcutaneous Fat Thermogenesis in Mice by Regulating PDGFRα and MicroRNA Expressions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5897-5906. [PMID: 34027663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis provides a new strategy to counter obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Here, a natural flavonoid chrysin is used as the supplement of a high-fat diet (HFD). Dietary chrysin alleviates adiposity and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, dietary chrysin elevates systemic energy expenditure and enhances the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) level in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), which is accompanied by the increased thermogenic program, beige preadipocyte number, and angiogenesis in SAT. Dietary chrysin also induces the expression of SAT platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), which commits adipose progenitor cells to differentiate into beige or white adipocytes in response to various environmental signals. Double immunofluorescent staining for UCP1 and PDGFRα reveals that chrysin elevates the number of UCP1+PDGFRα+ beige progenitors in SAT. Further, chrysin treatment reverses the effects of the specific PDGFRα inhibitor imatinib on browning differentiation of stromal vascular fraction cells from SAT. Finally, chrysin-induced adipocyte browning is correlated with the expressions of microRNAs as PDGFRα inhibitors or thermogenesis suppressors. In conclusion, dietary chrysin promotes subcutaneous adipocyte browning and systematic energy expenditure by regulating PDGFRα and microRNA expressions in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Shanshan Shui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Fangbin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Chang YH, Chiang YF, Chen HY, Huang YJ, Wang KL, Hong YH, Ali M, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Chrysin on a High Fructose Corn Syrup-Induced Hyperuricemia Rat Model via the Amelioration of Urate Transporters and Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040564. [PMID: 33917369 PMCID: PMC8067405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the main cause of gout and involved in the occurrence of many other diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension correlated with metabolic disorders. Chrysin is a flavonoid compound found naturally in honey, propolis, and mushrooms and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its mechanism of action is not clear yet. This study investigated the mechanism of chrysin’s anti-hyperuricemic effect in hyperuricemia-induced rats fed with high-fructose corn syrup. Orally administrated chrysin for 28 consecutive days effectively decreased uric acid by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the liver. Moreover, chrysin markedly downregulated the protein expression of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter type 9 (GLUT9) and upregulated the protein expression of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and human ATP-binding cassette subfamily G-2 (ABCG2). In addition, chrysin showed prominent anti-oxidative and inflammatory effects as the malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) concentration was reduced in both rat kidney and serum, which aligned with the inhibition of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway activation. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that chrysin exhibits potent anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects that may yield new adjuvant treatments for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Chang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-273-61661-6558
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Mei J, Yang R, Yang Q, Wan W, Wei X. Proteomic screening identifies the direct targets of chrysin anti-lipid depot in adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113361. [PMID: 32891819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Overweight/obesity was mentioned by many countries as an obstacle to good health and long life, which increases risk of diseases and disorders. Previous studies suggested that the chronic low-grade inflammation present in the body was considered as the essential pathogenesis for obesity. Chrysin is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Kurz and plays a superior anti-obesity role. Chrysin could reduce the lipid depot by inhibiting the obesity-related inflammation in adipose tissue. However, the target protein for chrysin to exert its anti-obesity role are not verified. AIM OF STUDY The present study aimed to screen and validate the target protein for chrysin to reduce the lipid depot in palmitic acid-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obesity model was established employing 0.5 mmol/L palmitic acid-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes through "Cocktails" method. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to analyze the differentially expressed proteins for chrysin intervention by lipid formation in adipocytes. Gene silencing was utilized to decrease gene expression of the candidate proteins, then production of triglyceride in 3T3-L1 was detected by triglycerides assay to determine the target proteins. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption together with fluorescence spectra validated the direct target proteins of chrysin. They also computed the correlation constants of combination between chrysin and the target proteins. Molecular docking was further employed to identify the main binding amino acids between chrysin and the target protein. RESULTS 2-DE combined with LC-MS screened four candidate proteins which were related to metabolism and inflammation. The production of triglycerides in 3T3-L1 was reduced after decreasing gene expression of Annexin A2 (ANXA2), 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP-60) and succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1 (SCOT-S), respectively. UV spectrum showed that the absorbance spectra of ANXA2 from 260 to 300 nm shifted upwards along with the increase in chrysin concentration, meanwhile the absorbance spectra of HSP-60 from 200 to 220 nm and from 265 to 280 nm shifted slightly upwards along with the increase in chrysin concentrations. The results indicated the conjugated structures between chrysin and ANXA2 or HSP-60. Fluorescence quenching further suggested a spontaneous interaction between chrysin and ANXA2 or HSP-60. Finally, molecular docking identified the main binding amino acids between ANXA2 and chrysin were Ser22, Tyr24, Pro267, Val298, Asp299, and Lys302. CONCLUSIONS Chrysin can reduce the amount of triglycerides by directly downregulating the inflammation-related target proteins ANXA2 and HSP-60, exerting an anti-obesity role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wencheng Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Huo JF, Zhang ML, Wang XX, Zou DH. Chrysin induces osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112466. [PMID: 33508275 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As an ideal cell source for tissue engineering and bone defect repair, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have good osteogenic differentiation potential. Chrysin, a flavonoid extracted from oroxylum seeds, has been proven to promote bone formation of bone marrow stem cells. However, the effect of chrysin on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of Chrysin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and in DPSC-based bone formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated the effects of chrysin on DPSCs from patients by CCK-8 assay, Alizarin Red S staining, qPCR and Western blotting. The effects of chrysin on DPSC-based bone formation in a heterotopic osteogenesis model in nude mice and a rat calvarial defect model were also performed. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of chrysin-treated DPSCs by proteomics. RESULTS Chrysin upregulated the expression of osteogenic proteins and induced osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Moreover, chrysin induced abundant β-TCP-induced formation of mineralized bone tissue and promoted DPSC-based bone formation in a heterotopic osteogenesis model in nude mice and a rat calvarial defect model. Proteomics showed that upregulation of the Smad3 was closely related to osteogenic differentiation. Inhibiting of Smad3 activation by a Smad3 inhibitor could reverse the chrysin-mediated increases in the expression levels of osteogenic genes and osteogenic induction of DPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study implies the intriguing potential of chrysin-treated DPSCs in bone regeneration and bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Huo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M L Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - X X Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
| | - D H Zou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Fatemi I, Khalili H, Mehrzadi S, Basir Z, Malayeri A, Goudarzi M. Mechanisms involved in the possible protective effect of chrysin against sodium arsenite-induced liver toxicity in rats. Life Sci 2020; 267:118965. [PMID: 33383050 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic as a one of the most important toxic metals could induce hepatotoxicity. Previous reports revealed the significance of oxidative stress in promoting of arsenic-induced liver toxicity. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effect of chrysin (CHR), a natural flavonoid with potent antioxidant activity, against sodium arsenite (SA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: received normal saline (2 ml/kg/day, orally for 21 days), Group 2: received SA (10 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days), Group 3, 4 and 5: received CHR (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively, orally for 21 days) and SA (10 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days) from the 7th day. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated. Moreover, liver glutathione peroxidase and myeloperoxidase activity as well as levels of protein carbonylation, malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were evaluated. Moreover, histological evaluation was done. Our results revealed that treatment with CHR (more potentially at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day) before and alongside with SA significantly mitigated the SA-induced hepatotoxicity. Also, the hepatoprotective effect of CHR was verified by the histological evaluation of the liver. The results of current study demonstrated that CHR (100 mg/kg/day) could mitigate the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by SA in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khalili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Basir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Malayeri
- Nab'a Al-Hayat Health Research Center, Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Olive Leaf Extract, from Olea europaea L., Reduces Palmitate-Induced Inflammation via Regulation of Murine Macrophages Polarization. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123663. [PMID: 33260769 PMCID: PMC7761141 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves are an abundant source of bioactive compounds with several beneficial effects for human health. Recently, the effect of olive leaf extract in obesity has been studied. However, the molecular mechanism in preventing obesity-related inflammation has not been elucidated. Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with an increase of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages infiltration in the adipose tissue. In the current study, we explored Olea europaea L. leaf extract (OLE) anti-inflammatory activity using an in vitro model of obesity-induced inflammation obtained by stimulating murine macrophages RAW 264.7 with high dose of the free fatty acid palmitate. We found that OLE significantly suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while it enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Moreover, we demonstrated that OLE reduced the oxidative stress induced by palmitate in macrophages by regulating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)−Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway. Finally, we showed that OLE promoted the shift of M1 macrophage toward less inflammatory M2-cells via the modulation of the associated NF-κB and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways. Thereby, our findings shed light on the potential therapeutic feature of OLE in recovering obesity-associated inflammation via regulating M1/M2 status.
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Role of Flavonoids in The Interactions among Obesity, Inflammation, and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110342. [PMID: 33114725 PMCID: PMC7692407 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets: treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.
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Ye M, Xu M, Fan S, Zhang M, Zhou B, Yang S, Wei W, Ji C, Ji J, Ji F. Protective effects of three propolis-abundant flavonoids against ethanol-induced injuries in HepG2 cells involving the inhibition of ERK1/2-AHR-CYP1A1 signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Lupeol Counteracts the Proinflammatory Signalling Triggered in Macrophages by 7-Keto-Cholesterol: New Perspectives in the Therapy of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1232816. [PMID: 33062133 PMCID: PMC7537694 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1232816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and polarization play a central role in atherosclerotic plaque fate. The M1/M2 activation phenotypes represent two profiles of the macrophage polarization state. During atherosclerosis regression or stabilization, macrophages switch from M1 proinflammatory phenotype to M2 anti-inflammatory reparative one. Here, we investigated whether the natural compound lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces phenotypical and functional changes in human M1 macrophages and counteracts the proinflammatory signalling triggered by 7-keto-cholesterol (7KC), a major product of oxidative stress-mediated cholesterol oxidation. Flow cytometric and immunochemical analysis showed that the treatment with lupeol of M1 monocyte-derived macrophages M(IFN-γ/LPS) specifically stimulated these cells to upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-)10 and TGF-β, and of the scavenger receptor CD36, whereas downregulated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and the M1 activation marker HLA-DR. Pretreatment of macrophages with lupeol prevented the release of IL-12, IL-1β, and the upregulation of HLA-DR expression triggered by 7KC and increased the IL-10 production and CD36 expression. This treatment also prevented the impairment of endocytosis triggered by 7KC and prevented 7KC-induced foam cell formation by reducing the lipid droplet accumulation in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages, whereas showed an additive effect in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western blotting analysis of autophagy markers LC3-I/II and p62-SQSTM1 in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages demonstrated that lupeol activated autophagy as indicated by increased LC3-II levels, and by marked inhibition of p62. These findings indicate that lupeol has a cytoprotective effect on 7KC-proinflammatory signalling by efficiently switching the macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, probably through the activation of the autophagy pathway by increasing ROS production, the reduction of cellular lipid accumulation, and an overall reduction of proinflammatory phenotype. Thus, our data demonstrating an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of lupeol in human M1 macrophages suggest its usefulness as an adjunctive drug in the therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Feng X, Yu W, Cao L, Meng F, Cong M. A novel chrysin thiazole derivative polarizes macrophages to an M1 phenotype via targeting TLR4. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106986. [PMID: 33182070 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important cause of tumorigenesis and tumor development. M2 macrophages can promote tumor growth while M1 macrophages kill tumor cells, therefore, polarizing macrophages to achieve a functional M1 phenotype could effectively play its anti-tumor role. In the current study, we synthesized a novel chrysin derivative which is termed as ChR-TD. And we found ChR-TD might be a ligand of TLR4 that polarized the TAMs towards M1 phenotype and played its anti-tumor role. Further study indicated that ChR-TD reprogrammed the macrophages into an M1 phenotype via TLR4 activation. Moreover, ChR-TD activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the NF-κB/p65 translocated into the nuclear, leading to the activation of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines release. In addition, type I interferon signaling was also activated by ChR-TD, leading to the expressions of IFN-α and IFN-β and its targeted genes NOS2, MCP-1 and IP-10 were significantly increased in macrophages. Importantly, these effects were disturbed in TLR4-/- macrophages, which are constructed by using CRISPR/Cas9 system. And the molecule docking simulation further indicated that ChR-TD could bind to TLR4 and might be a ligand of TLR4. Hence, these findings suggested that ChR-TD might be a ligand of TLR4 and can be used as a potential lead compound for tumors treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Feng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lingsen Cao
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fanda Meng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Mulin Cong
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Rani N, Arya DS. Chrysin rescues rat myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury via PPAR-γ/Nrf2 activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173389. [PMID: 32707190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological strategies aimed at co-activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway have shown promising results in alleviating myocardial injury. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of chrysin, a PPAR-γ agonist, in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats and to explore the molecular mechanism driving this activity. To evaluate this hypothesis, chrysin (60 mg/kg, orally), PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662, 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), or both were administered to rats for 28 days. On the 29th day, one-stage ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by 60 min of reperfusion was performed. Chrysin significantly decreased infarct size and improved cardiac functions following IR-induced MI. This improvement was corroborated by augmented PPAR-γ/Nrf2 expression as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. Chrysin exhibited strong anti-oxidant property as demonstrated by increased GSH and CAT levels and decreased 8-OHdG and TBARS levels. Our findings also imply that chrysin significantly inhibited inflammatory response as validated by decreased NF-κB, IKK-β, CRP, TNF-α and MPO levels. In addition, chrysin decreased TUNEL/DAPI positivity, a marker of apoptotic response and normalized cardiac injury markers. The histopathological and ultrastructural analysis further supported the functional and biochemical outcomes, showing preserved myocardial architecture. Intriguingly, co-administration with GW9662 significantly diminished the cardioprotective effect of chrysin as demonstrated by depressed myocardial function, decreased PPAR-γ/Nrf2 expression and increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that co-activation of PPAR-γ/Nrf2 by chrysin may be crucial for its cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- Department of Pharmacology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Novel Chrysin-De-Allyl PAC-1 Hybrid Analogues as Anticancer Compounds: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133063. [PMID: 32635530 PMCID: PMC7412250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New chrysin-De-allyl-Pac-1 hybrid analogues, tethered with variable heterocyclic systems (4a–4o), were rationally designed and synthesized. The target compounds were screened for in vitro antiproliferative efficacy in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231, and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Two compounds, 4g and 4i, had the highest efficacy and selectivity towards MDA-MB-231 cells, and thus, were further evaluated by mechanistic experiments. The results indicated that both compounds 4g and 4i induced apoptosis by (1) inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase in MDA-MB-231 cells, and (2) activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. Physicochemical characterizations of these compounds suggested that they can be further optimized as potential anticancer compounds for TNBC cells. Overall, our results suggest that 4g and 4i could be suitable leads for developing novel compounds to treat TNBC.
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Ran P, Chen W, Wei J, Qiu B, Chen M, Xie S, Li X. Macrophage Spheroids with Chronological Phenotype Shifting To Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Critical Limb Ischemia. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3707-3717. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Songzhi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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Sudhakaran M, Doseff AI. The Targeted Impact of Flavones on Obesity-Induced Inflammation and the Potential Synergistic Role in Cancer and the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2020; 25:E2477. [PMID: 32471061 PMCID: PMC7321129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world's total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Wang D, Hiebl V, Xu T, Ladurner A, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Dirsch VM. Impact of natural products on the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112444. [PMID: 31805338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In different countries and areas of the world, traditional medicine has been and is still used for the treatment of various disorders, including chest pain or liver complaints, of which we now know that they can be linked with altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. As ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism, its modulation may be one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the experienced benefit of traditional recipes. Intense research activity has been dedicated to the identification of natural products from traditional medicine that regulate ABCA1 expression. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review surveys natural products, originating from ethnopharmacologically used plants, fungi or marine sources, which influence ABCA1 expression, providing a reference for future study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on regulation of ABCA1 expression by natural compounds from traditional medicine was extracted from ancient and modern books, materia medica, and electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ResearchGate). RESULTS More than 60 natural compounds from traditional medicine, especially traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are reported to regulate ABCA1 expression in different in vitro and in vivo models (such as cholesterol efflux and atherosclerotic animal models). These active compounds belong to the classes of polyketides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and others. Several compounds appear very promising in vivo, which need to be further investigated in animal models of diseases related to ABCA1 or in clinical studies. CONCLUSION Natural products from traditional medicine constitute a large promising pool for compounds that regulate ABCA1 expression, and thus may prevent/treat diseases related to cholesterol metabolism, like atherosclerosis or Alzheimer's disease. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms of these natural products remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Verena Hiebl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchevstr., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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